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<span class="search-box-icon-overlay"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--search"></span> </span> </div><button id="searchIcon" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet skin-minerva-search-trigger"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--search"></span> <span>Tschertgar</span> </button> </form> <nav class="minerva-user-navigation" aria-label="Weitere Navigation"> </nav> </div> </header> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <div class="banner-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Lieunga</span></h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" href="https://rm-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lieunga?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Sprache" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--language"></span> <span>Sprache</span> </a></li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" id="ca-watch" href="https://rm-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Spezial:Anmelden&returnto=Lieunga&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.watch" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet menu__item--page-actions-watch"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--star"></span> <span>Observar</span> </a></li> <li id="page-actions-edit" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" id="ca-edit" href="https://rm-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Lieunga&action=edit&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.edit" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Modifitgar</span> </a></li> </ul> </nav> <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"> <script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="rm" dir="ltr"> <section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <p>La <b>lieunga</b> (latin <i>lingua</i>, grec γλῶσσα <i>glōssa</i>) è in corp da musculs (che consista da nov singuls musculs), dal qual disponan l’uman e la gronda part dals ulteriurs <a href="https://rm-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Vertebrats&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Vertebrats (n'exista betg)">vertebrats</a>. Ella sa chatta sin il fund da la chavorgia da la bucca; cura che las missellas èn serradas, emplenescha ella quella quasi dal tuttafatg.</p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://rm-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Datoteca:Tongue.agr.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Tongue.agr.jpg/220px-Tongue.agr.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="252" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Tongue.agr.jpg/330px-Tongue.agr.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Tongue.agr.jpg/440px-Tongue.agr.jpg 2x" data-file-width="564" data-file-height="645"></a> <figcaption> Lieunga da l’uman </figcaption> </figure> <p>La lieunga è cumpigliada en il mastegiar, tschitschar e tragutter ed è munida cun l’organ sensitiv dal gust e cun cellas dal palp. La lieunga da l’uman gioga er in’impurtanta rolla en la furmaziun da la lingua. En quest artitgel da survista vegn preschentà la construcziun e las incumbensas da basa da la lieunga da l’uman e dà in sguard al svilup da la lieunga en il reginavel dals animals en general; a la fin vegn approfundada la percepziun gustativa.</p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="rm" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Cuntegn</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://rm-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lieunga?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Construcziun"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Construcziun</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="https://rm-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lieunga?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Musculatura_da_la_lieunga"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Musculatura da la lieunga</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="https://rm-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lieunga?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Enervaziun"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Enervaziun</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="https://rm-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lieunga?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Pel_mucosa"><span class="tocnumber">1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Pel mucosa</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="https://rm-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lieunga?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Incumbensas_da_la_lieunga"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Incumbensas da la lieunga</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="https://rm-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lieunga?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Lieunga_dals_animals"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Lieunga dals animals</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="https://rm-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lieunga?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Percepziun_gustativa"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Percepziun gustativa</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="https://rm-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lieunga?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Posiziun_da_las_cellas_sensitivas"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Posiziun da las cellas sensitivas</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="https://rm-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lieunga?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Las_qualitads_dal_gust"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Las qualitads dal gust</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-10"><a href="https://rm-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lieunga?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Ulteriuras_qualitads_dal_gust"><span class="tocnumber">4.2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Ulteriuras qualitads dal gust</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="https://rm-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lieunga?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Recepturs_dal_gust"><span class="tocnumber">4.3</span> <span class="toctext">Recepturs dal gust</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="https://rm-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lieunga?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Elavuraziun_neuronala"><span class="tocnumber">4.4</span> <span class="toctext">Elavuraziun neuronala</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="https://rm-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lieunga?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Elavuraziun_sensorica"><span class="tocnumber">4.5</span> <span class="toctext">Elavuraziun sensorica</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="https://rm-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lieunga?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Annotaziuns"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Annotaziuns</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="https://rm-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lieunga?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Litteratura"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Litteratura</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="https://rm-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lieunga?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Colliaziuns"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Colliaziuns</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Construcziun">Construcziun</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://rm-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Lieunga&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifitgar secziun: Construcziun" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifitgar</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://rm-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Datoteca:Head_lateral_mouth_anatomy.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Head_lateral_mouth_anatomy.jpg/220px-Head_lateral_mouth_anatomy.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="242" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1374" data-file-height="1510"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 242px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Head_lateral_mouth_anatomy.jpg/220px-Head_lateral_mouth_anatomy.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="242" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Head_lateral_mouth_anatomy.jpg/330px-Head_lateral_mouth_anatomy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Head_lateral_mouth_anatomy.jpg/440px-Head_lateral_mouth_anatomy.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Posiziun anatomica da la lieunga </figcaption> </figure> <p>La lieunga vegn sutdividida en il piz da la lieunga, il corp da la lieunga e la ragisch da la lieunga. La vart sura da la lieunga (il dies da la lieunga) furma in pitschen arvieut che giascha dal tuttafatg al liber e che mussa en la part davos ina foppa en furma da traipiz; en quest’uschenumnada ‹fora tschorva› s’avran pliras glondas mucosas. En la fonologia vegn la part davant dal dies da la lieunga, la quala sa chatta davos il piz da la lieunga ed è cumpigliada directamain en la furmaziun dals suns, numnada fegl da la lieunga. En la regiun dal piz da la lieunga sa chatta sut la pel mucosa ina pitschna glonda da spida; en la part davos da la lieunga èn situadas ulteriuras glondas da spida (las glandulae linguales).</p> <p>La part sut da la lieunga è creschida cun sia part centrala vi dal fund da la chavorgia da la bucca; en pli è ella fermada en la part davant vi d’ina fauda da la mucosa da la bucca, il fil da la lieunga. Uschia èn be libers il piz da la lieunga ed ils urs laterals. Sch’il fil da la lieunga tanscha memia lunsch enavant, è la movibladad da la lieunga restrenschida. Quai po influenzar a moda negativa il tezzar e la furmaziun dals suns. Quest disturbi dal svilup po vegnir allontanà tras in tagl en il fil da la lieunga.</p> <p>La part davos, la ragisch, furma la part la pli lada da la lieunga; quella è fixada vi da l’oss da la lieunga che sa chatta en la part superiura dal culiez e che stat da sia vart en connexiun cun la laringia tras musculs e lioms.</p> <p>En la lingia centrala sa chatta ina sort spartida verticala, il septum linguae. Abstrahà da quai sa cumpona la lieunga però surtut da cellas muscularas ritgas da gnervs ed avainas. Las cellas muscularas èn ordinadas tenor tut las trais direcziuns dal spazi e pussibiliteschan uschia a la lieunga d’esser ordvart movibla.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Musculatura_da_la_lieunga">Musculatura da la lieunga</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://rm-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Lieunga&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifitgar secziun: Musculatura da la lieunga" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifitgar</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>La musculatura da la lieunga vegn sutdividida – tant tenor criteris morfologics sco er funcziunals-motorics – en ina musculatura da la lieunga interna ed ina externa. L’emprima sa chatta dal tuttafatg a l’intern dal corp da la lieunga, la segunda collia la lieunga cun ils organs e tessids circumdants.</p> <p>Tar la musculatura da la lieunga interna (abreviaziun m. per ‹musculus›) tutgan (mintgamai cun indicaziun da la funcziun):</p> <p>Scursanir e schlargiar la lieunga, auzar il piz da la lieunga:</p> <ul> <li>M. longitudinalis superior</li> </ul> <ul> <li>M. longitudinalis inferior</li> </ul> <p>Prolungar resp. far pli stretga la lieunga, stender ora il piz da la lieunga:</p> <ul> <li>M. transversus linguae</li> </ul> <ul> <li>M. verticalis linguae</li> </ul> <p>Tar la musculatura da la lieunga externa tutgan:</p> <p>Trair la lieunga davantgiu (ventro-caudal):</p> <ul> <li>M. genioglossus</li> </ul> <p>Trair la lieunga davosgiu (dorso-caudal):</p> <ul> <li>M. chondroglossus</li> </ul> <p>Trair la lieunga davossi (dorso-rostral):</p> <ul> <li>M. styloglossus</li> </ul> <p>Trair la lieunga davosgiu (dorso-caudal):</p> <ul> <li>M. hyoglossus</li> </ul> <p>Stretgentar la gula:</p> <ul> <li>M. palatoglossus<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="https://rm-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lieunga?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Enervaziun">Enervaziun</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://rm-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Lieunga&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifitgar secziun: Enervaziun" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifitgar</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Enervada è la lieunga a moda cumplexa tras plirs gnervs:</p> <ul> <li>Motoricamain vegn la lieunga provedida tras il nervus hypoglossus.</li> </ul> <ul> <li>L’enervaziun sensibla e sensorica succeda en il terz davos da la lieunga tras il nervus glossopharyngeus.</li> </ul> <ul> <li>Las stimulaziuns dal gust en ils dus terzs davant da la lieunga vegnan transmess sur la chorda tympani che furma in bratsch dal nervus facialis.</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Pel_mucosa">Pel mucosa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://rm-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Lieunga&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifitgar secziun: Pel mucosa" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifitgar</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://rm-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Datoteca:Taste_buds.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Taste_buds.svg/160px-Taste_buds.svg.png" decoding="async" width="160" height="273" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1091"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 160px;height: 273px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Taste_buds.svg/160px-Taste_buds.svg.png" data-width="160" data-height="273" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Taste_buds.svg/240px-Taste_buds.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Taste_buds.svg/320px-Taste_buds.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Il mitus popular areguard las ‹zonas dal gust› sin la lieunga: 1) amar, 2) asch, 3) salà, 4) dultsch </figcaption> </figure> <p>La pel mucosa da la lieunga è fitg grossa e furma ina cuntinuaziun da la mucosa da la bucca. Sin quella sa chattan las numerusas papillas da differenta furma (furma da fil, da tgeiel u plat). Funcziunalmain sa laschan ellas differenziar en duas gruppas:</p> <p>Las papillas mecanicas vegnan sutdividas tenor lur furma en papillae filiformes (furma da fil), papillae conicae (furma conica) e papillae lentiformes (furma da lenta). Las papillas a furma da fil dattan a la lieunga sia surfatscha sco da vali. Tar tscherts mammals (vatgas, nursas, giats) èn ellas munidas cun pizs cornus ch’èn drizzads vers la gula; quels effectueschan che la lieunga ha ina tscherta grugliezza. Papillas conicas èn cleramain pli grossas e cumparan per exempel tar vatgas sin il corp da la lieunga. Papillas en furma da lenta èn plattas e ladas e da chattar tar ils remagliaders. Ellas servan surtut a recepir sentiments dal palp.</p> <p>La segunda gruppa da papillas da la lieunga furman las papillas gustativas cun l’organ gustativ sco tal, numnadamain ils nufs gustativs ch’èn colliadas cun ils gnervs gustativs. Areguard la furma differenzieschan ins trais tips da papillas gustativas: Las papillas en furma da bulieu èn, sper la recepziun da stimuls dal gust, probablamain er participadas al sentiment dal palp e da la temperatura. Las papillas en furma da rempar èn elevadas e circumdadas d’in foss da rempar cun glondas da derschentar. Lur dumber sa differenziescha fermamain tar mintga spezia d’animal: <a href="https://rm-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chaval?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chaval">chavals</a> possedan be duas papillas en furma da rempar, remagliaders percunter 48. Papillas fegliadas n’èn betg sviluppadas tar tut ils mammals. Spezialmain marcantas èn quellas tar ils chavals. Ellas sa chattan da la vart laterala sin il fund da la lieunga e sa cumponan da blers fegliets ordinads in davos l’auter.</p> <p>La lieunga cuntegna numerusas pitschnas glondas da spida, surtut en la regiun da la ragisch da la lieunga. L’entira surfatscha da la lieunga è surtratga cun in epitel fitg fin. En las numerusas foppas tranter las papillas sa sviluppa in biofilm; nutrì tras spida e restanzas da spaisas furma quel ina stresa alventa sin la surfatscha da la lieunga. Cun agid p.ex. d’in tgiralieunga po quel vegnir reducì temporarmain.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Incumbensas_da_la_lieunga">Incumbensas da la lieunga</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://rm-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Lieunga&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifitgar secziun: Incumbensas da la lieunga" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifitgar</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>La lieunga serva a muventar la vivonda en bucca, uschia che quella po vegnir mastegiada e maschadada a moda optimala cun spida. Per quest intent stauscha ella durant mastegiar, cun sustegn da las vistas, adina puspè la vivonda tranter ils dents. Per finir surpiglia ella er in’impurtanta rolla tar il tragutter, numnadamain cun stuschar las spaisas da la bucca en la gula. Tar ina consistenza viscusa u en furma da buglia vegn la vivonda l’emprim stuschada enavos cun agid dals urs da la lieunga che sa stumplan vers il tschiel da la bucca e silsuenter manada tras la part centrala da la lieunga che fa il medem moviment.</p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://rm-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Datoteca:Places_of_articulation.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Places_of_articulation.svg/200px-Places_of_articulation.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="250" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="1000"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 250px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Places_of_articulation.svg/200px-Places_of_articulation.svg.png" data-width="200" data-height="250" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Places_of_articulation.svg/300px-Places_of_articulation.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Places_of_articulation.svg/400px-Places_of_articulation.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Plaun sagittal da la chavorgia da la bucca da l’uman, da la lieunga (resp. da la musculatura da la lieunga) e da la gula cun indicaziun dals lieus d’articulaziun (activ e passiv) per la fonaziun da la lingua discurrida </figcaption> </figure> <p>La lieunga è indispensabla per il discurrer. Blers suns, ma er il tschivlar, na sa laschan betg realisar senza la lieunga. Ils lieus d’articulaziun (activ e passiv) per la fonaziun da la lingua discurrida èn (cf. illustraziun): 1 exolabial (part exteriura dal lef) 2 endolabial (part interiura dal lef) 3 dental (dents) 4 alveolar (part davant da la punt dals dents) 5 postalveolar (part davos da la punt dals dents e levet davosvart) 6 prepalatal (part davant dal palat dir) 7 palatal (palat dir) 8 velar (palat lom) 9 uvular (er postvelar; liva) 10 faringal (gula) 11 glottal (er laringal; cordas vocalas) 12 epiglottal (viertgel da la giargiatta) 13 radical (ragisch da la lieunga) 14 posterodorsal (part davos da la lieunga) 15 anterodorsal (part davant da la lieunga) 16 laminal (fegl da la lieunga) 17 apical (piz da la lieunga) 18 sublaminal (er subapical; part sut da la lieunga).</p> <p>Ultra da quai è la lieunga l’organ che pussibilitescha il gust. I vegnan differenziadas las qualitads dal gust dultsch, asch, amar, salà ed umami (dal giapunais <i>umai</i>: charnus e pulpì, savurus). Areguard la recepziun dal gust eran ins pli baud da l’avis che la lieunga sa laschia sutdivider en singuls areals. Igl è però sa mussà che quai n’è betg correct, mabain sa basa sin in sbagl d’interpretaziun d’ina illustraziun che David Hänig aveva publitgà il 1901.<sup id="cite_ref-Silbernagl_807_2-0" class="reference"><a href="https://rm-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lieunga?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Silbernagl_807-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Tschertas accumulaziuns dals recepturs sa laschan però observar. Uschia sa chattan las cellas sensitivas en emprima lingia a l’ur da la lieunga: dultsch al piz, alura salà, asch, salà. Sulettamain il gust amar cumpara surtut en la part davos da la lieunga. Tenor novas enconuschientschas datti ultra da quai in receptur che reagescha sin grass (cf. sutvart).</p> <p>Daspera ademplescha la lieunga l’incumbensa da l’‹autonettegiament› dals dents (vart linguala e palatinala), da la bucca e dals lefs.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Lieunga_dals_animals">Lieunga dals animals</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://rm-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Lieunga&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifitgar secziun: Lieunga dals animals" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifitgar</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <p>Praticamain tut ils vertebrads disponan d’ina lieunga. Tar ils peschs consista ella be da la cuvrida da l’oss da la lieunga ch’è savens surtratga cun dents. Tar ils amfibis è ella savens grossa, fixada en la part davant, percunter movibla e stendibla en la part davos. La lieunga dals reptils è plitost graschla e cornusa e sa lascha schlantschar or d’ina taja speziala. A moda sumeglianta sa preschenta la situaziun tar ils utschels, entant ch’ils mammals han per ordinari ina lieunga che sa lascha cumparegliar cun quella dals umans.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Percepziun_gustativa">Percepziun gustativa</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://rm-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Lieunga&action=edit&section=7&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifitgar secziun: Percepziun gustativa" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifitgar</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <p>Sco percepziun gustativa (dal latin <i>gustare</i>, sagiar, gustar) vegn designada l’experientscha subjectiva dal sentiment dal gust. Quel vegn evocà tras stimulaziuns d’organs sensitivs specifics dal gust (lat. <i>gustus</i>) sco ils nufs gustativs.</p> <p>Tuttina sco l’odurat vegn er il gust pledentà tras stimulaziuns chemicas. Il gust pussibilitescha in’examinaziun preliminara da la vivonda avant ch’il corp vegn provedì per propi cun quella. Tar l’uman creschì sa chattan las cellas sensitivas dal gust sin la pel mucosa da la lieunga e da la gula ed intermedieschan tschintg (u sis) qualitads da basa. In gust asch u amar pon esser indizis per vivonda malmadira, fermentada u toxica. Las qualitads dal gust salà, dultsch, umami (e grass) designeschan il cuntegn approximativ da minerals e da substanzas nutritivas sco idrats carbonics, proteins e grass.</p> <p>Tar l’impressiun sensuala che vegn caracterisada en la lingua da mintgadi sco ‹gust› sa tracti d’ina cumbinaziun dal gust e da l’odurat, sco er d’impressiuns dal palp e dal sentiment da la temperatura. Areguard la fisiologia dals senns sa restrenscha il gust uman però a las qualitads dal gust fundamentalas numnadas survart; quellas vegnan percepidas sur ils recepturs dal gust che sa chattan en emprima lingia sin la lieunga.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Posiziun_da_las_cellas_sensitivas">Posiziun da las cellas sensitivas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://rm-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Lieunga&action=edit&section=8&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifitgar secziun: Posiziun da las cellas sensitivas" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifitgar</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://rm-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Datoteca:1402_The_Tongue.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/1402_The_Tongue.jpg/230px-1402_The_Tongue.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="193" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2229" data-file-height="1875"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 230px;height: 193px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/1402_The_Tongue.jpg/230px-1402_The_Tongue.jpg" data-width="230" data-height="193" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/1402_The_Tongue.jpg/345px-1402_The_Tongue.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/1402_The_Tongue.jpg/460px-1402_The_Tongue.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> La lieunga cun las diversas furmas da papillas che cuntegnan las cellas sensitivas </figcaption> </figure> <p>Las cellas recepturas per las differentas qualitads dal gust èn ordinadas tar ils mammals en nufs gustativs. Quels sa chattan sin la lieunga en las papillas gustativas, daspera per part er en pels mucosas da la chavorgia da la bucca e da la gula. Radund 25 % dals nufs gustativs èn situads sin ils emprims dus terzs da la lieunga, ulteriurs 50 % sin il terz davos. Ils ulteriurs sa repartan sin il palat lom, la chavorgia dal nas, la laringia e la part superiura dal schiliez.<sup id="cite_ref-Smith_Boughter_3-0" class="reference"><a href="https://rm-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lieunga?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Smith_Boughter-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mintga nuf gustativ po cuntegnair 50 fin 150 cellas sensitivas (tut tenor la spezia da mammal); ina papilla dal gust sa cumpona alura d’in dumber pli pitschen u pli grond da nufs gustativs.<sup id="cite_ref-Chandrashekar_4-0" class="reference"><a href="https://rm-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lieunga?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Chandrashekar-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Sco gia menziunà survart, vegnan las papillas da la lieunga sutdivididas tenor lur furma en papillas da rempar, da fegls, da bulieus e da fils. Las papillas en furma da rempar sa chattan en il terz davos dal dies da la lieunga; ellas èn ordinadas en furma d’in V datiers dal fund da la lieunga. Mintga uman posseda radund set fin dudesch da questas papillas che cumpiglian mintgamai plirs milli nufs gustativs. Er las papillas en furma da fegl sa chattan en il terz davosvart da la lieunga, però a l’ur da quella; ellas cuntegnan intgins tschient nufs gustativs. Papillas en furma da bulieu datti fin a quattertschient. Quellas èn repartidas sur l’entira surfatscha da la lieunga, però surtut sin ils dus terzs davant da la lieunga; tar l’uman cuntegnan quellas mintgamai trais fin tschintg nufs gustativs. Las papillas en furma da fil na cuntegnan nagins nufs gustativs, mabain servan a giuditgar las caracteristicas mecanicas da la vivonda.</p> <p>Uffants pitschens na disponan betg mo da dapli nufs gustativs, mabain er d’ina repartiziun pli vasta da quels (palat dir, part centrala da la lieunga, pel mucosa dals lefs e da las vistas). Pli tard sa reduceschan quels en lur dumber e vegnan concentrads en singuls lieus.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Las_qualitads_dal_gust">Las qualitads dal gust</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://rm-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Lieunga&action=edit&section=9&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifitgar secziun: Las qualitads dal gust" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifitgar</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Actualmain partan ins da tschintg – evtl. sis – qualitads dal gust fundamentalas:</p> <ul> <li>dultsch – vegn evocà da zutger e derivats da zutger sco er d’intgins acids aminus, peptids u alcohols</li> </ul> <ul> <li>salà – vegn evocà da sal da cuschina sco er d’intgins auters sals minerals</li> </ul> <ul> <li>asch – vegn evocà da soluziuns aschas e d’acids organics</li> </ul> <ul> <li>amar – vegn evocà d’in grond dumber da substanzas (substanzas amaras)</li> </ul> <ul> <li>umami – vegn evocà dals acids aminus acid glutamic ed acid aspartic</li> </ul> <ul> <li>grass – vegn evocà da trais acids da grass (ma è dispità sco qualitad dal gust)</li> </ul> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://rm-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Datoteca:Kikunae_Ikeda.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Kikunae_Ikeda.jpg/140px-Kikunae_Ikeda.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="205" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="821" data-file-height="1200"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 140px;height: 205px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Kikunae_Ikeda.jpg/140px-Kikunae_Ikeda.jpg" data-width="140" data-height="205" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Kikunae_Ikeda.jpg/210px-Kikunae_Ikeda.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Kikunae_Ikeda.jpg/280px-Kikunae_Ikeda.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Kikunae Ikeda </figcaption> </figure> <p>Umami (giapunais ‹gustus, savurus›) è ina qualitad da gust main enconuschenta, la quala il perscrutader giapunais <a href="https://rm-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kikunae_Ikeda&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Kikunae Ikeda (n'exista betg)">Kikunae Ikeda</a> ha descrit l’emprima giada il 1909. Ad Ikeda eri reussì d’isolar da l’erva da mar acid glutamic e d’identifitgar quel sco l’element decisiv areguard il gust dal dashi, in bugl da pesch giapunais. El ha dà a questa qualitad il num che sa cumpona dad <i>umai</i> (‹savurus›) e <i>mi</i> (‹gust›).<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="https://rm-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lieunga?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In ferm gust umami mussan mangiativas ch’èn ritgas da proteins e d’acids aminus; quel sa lascha però er evocar tras in’auta concentraziun d’acid glutamic resp. tras il rinforzader da l’aroma glutamat monosodic.</p> <p>Gia dapi l’entschatta dal 20avel tschientaner è enconuschent che las qualitads dal gust numnadas vegnan probablamain evocadas en differenta fermezza da las singulas parts da la lieunga, ma da princip da tut las regiuns sensiblas al gust. Malgrà che las differenzas tranter las singulas parts da la lieunga èn plitost pitschnas areguard la sensitivitad per singulas qualitads, vegnan las regiuns da la lieunga savens sutdivididas en cumpendis en ‹zonas dal gust›.<sup id="cite_ref-Lindemann_6-0" class="reference"><a href="https://rm-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lieunga?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Lindemann-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Ulteriuras_qualitads_dal_gust">Ulteriuras qualitads dal gust</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://rm-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Lieunga&action=edit&section=10&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifitgar secziun: Ulteriuras qualitads dal gust" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifitgar</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Ina gruppa da scienziads enturn <a href="https://rm-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Philippe_Besnard&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Philippe Besnard (n'exista betg)">Philippe Besnard</a> ha identifitgà il 2005 in receptur dal gust pussaivel per grass: il glicoprotein CD36, il qual ha pudì vegnir cumprovà en las cellas dal gust ed il qual è abel da liar cun grond’affinitad acids da grass. Fin qua eri dispità, schebain igl existia ina qualitad da basa dal gust che vegnia evocada tras la preschientscha da grass en las mangiativas. En general eran ins da l’avis che la predilecziun per spaisas grassas derivia sulettamain da lur savur e consistenza. Per sclerir la dumonda davart in ulteriur gust da basa per grass, han ils perscrutaders experimentà cun mieurs normalas e talas manipuladas geneticamain (senza il receptur CD36). Las duas gruppas da mieurs han pudì eleger tranter duas offertas da pavel: ina da quellas cuntegneva grass, l’autra sulettamain ina substanza ch’imitava la consistenza dal grass. Igl è sa mussà che las mieurs normalas avevan ina gronda predilecziun per il pavel grass, betg però las mieurs senza CD36. Ultra da quai han mo las mieurs normalas reagì sin il nutriment che cuntegneva grass cun la producziun da sucs digestivs specifics per la decumposiziun da grass. Or da quests resultats sa lascha concluder che CD36 saja participà a la percepziun da grass en il pavel d’<a href="https://rm-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ruider&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Ruider (n'exista betg)">animals ruiders</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Laugerette_7-0" class="reference"><a href="https://rm-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lieunga?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Laugerette-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>En il fratemp han scienziads or da la medema gruppa er cumprovà che la stimulaziun da cellas gustativas da la mieur cun acid linoleic metta ad ir ina cascada da signals intracellulara ed activescha neurotransmetturs. Il 2010 ha in studi cun 30 probands umans confermà questas enconuschientschas davart in’ulteriura qualitad dal gust: Quels eran abels da differenziar differents acids da grass en ina soluziun ch’era uschiglio neutrala areguard il gust. En pli han ins pudì cumprovar ina relaziun tranter il Body mass index (BMI) e la sensibilitad da questa qualitad dal gust: Probands cun in senn gustativ sensibilisà pli ferm sin acids da grass han consumà pli pauc grass che tals cun recepturs main sensibels.<sup id="cite_ref-DOI10.1017/S0007114510000267_8-0" class="reference"><a href="https://rm-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lieunga?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-DOI10.1017/S0007114510000267-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Daspera vegn adina puspè discutà la preschientscha d’autras qualitads dal gust sco alcalic, metallic u auaditsch.</p> <p>Ina rolla centrala per percepir impressiuns dal gust cumplexas gioga l’odurat, il qual è responsabel per tut las ulteriuras ‹impressiuns dal gust›. Quai vegn evident en cas da dafraids, cura ch’ins na pertschaiva cun il nas stuppà naginas impressiuns dal gust che surpassan las categorias da basa. Er datti tar bleras spezias d’animals insumma nagina spartiziun tranter la percepziun dal gust e da l’odur.</p> <p>‹Recent› u ‹picant› vegn bain er resentì sco impressiun dal gust; ma per esser precis sa tracti qua d’in signal da dolur dals gnervs tar spaisas ch’èn per exempel cundidas cun chili (che vegn evocà da l’alcaloid capsaicin).</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Recepturs_dal_gust">Recepturs dal gust</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://rm-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Lieunga&action=edit&section=11&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifitgar secziun: Recepturs dal gust" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifitgar</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="noprint"> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://rm-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Datoteca:Sweet_receptor_%2B_glucose.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Sweet_receptor_%2B_glucose.svg/180px-Sweet_receptor_%2B_glucose.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="213" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="811" data-file-height="961"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 180px;height: 213px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Sweet_receptor_%2B_glucose.svg/180px-Sweet_receptor_%2B_glucose.svg.png" data-width="180" data-height="213" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Sweet_receptor_%2B_glucose.svg/270px-Sweet_receptor_%2B_glucose.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Sweet_receptor_%2B_glucose.svg/360px-Sweet_receptor_%2B_glucose.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Visualisaziun dal mecanissem d’identifitgar il gust dultsch als recepturs da proteins </figcaption> </figure> </div> <p>Las qualitads dal gust amar, dultsch ed umami vegnan transmessas sur recepturs ch’èn colliads in cun l’auter tras proteins G. En quests cas è la transducziun dal signal caracterisada detg bain en il fratemp. Ils detagls areguard la percepziun dad asch e salà n’èn però per gronda part anc betg sclerids. Sa basond sin la structura chemica da las substanzas che gustan salà u asch vegn supponì che chanals da ions gioghian qua ina rolla decisiva tar la percepziun.</p> <p>Tras ina retscha d’experiments san ins oz che mintga cella gustativa cuntegna be recepturs per ina suletta qualitad dal gust, uschia che la detecziun (analisa) succeda a nivel da las cellas sensitivas a moda separada. Percunter cumpiglia in nuf gustativ las cellas sensitivas da pliras qualitads. Ed er en ils gnervs afferents (che mainan vers il center) è mintga fibra codada per dapli ch’ina qualitad dal gust.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Elavuraziun_neuronala">Elavuraziun neuronala</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://rm-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Lieunga&action=edit&section=12&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifitgar secziun: Elavuraziun neuronala" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifitgar</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>La moda da transmissiun da las infurmaziuns da las cellas gustativas (secundaras) sin ils neutrons afferents, ils quals èn responsabels per las spedir vinavant en il tscharvè, n’è anc betg sclerida. Igl è enconuschent che cellas gustativas pon emetter ina retscha da neurotransmetturs e neuropeptids; ultra da quai datti indizis che adenosin trifosfat gioghia in’impurtanta rolla en la transmissiun dal signal da la cella sensitiva sin la cella da la gnerva.<sup id="cite_ref-Huang_9-0" class="reference"><a href="https://rm-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lieunga?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Huang-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Tar ils mammals vegnan las infurmaziuns davart il gust transmessas en il tscharvè sur ils trais gnervs nervus facialis, nervus glossopharyngeus e nervus vagus. Là vegn il signal reglà in’emprima giada en la part rostrala (datiers dal chau) dal nucleus tractus solitarii. Da là van las infurmaziuns davart il gust vinavant en il nucleus ventralis posteromedialis pars parvocellularis (VPMpc) dal talamus. Tar ils primats succeda quai tras ina projecziun directa, tar ruiders percunter datti ina staziun intermediara sin via vers il talamus. Il VPMpc dal talamus projectescha da sia vart en il cortex insular, en il qual sa chatta il cortex gustativ primar. Gia qua vegnan integradas ulteriuras impressiuns sensualas, surtut infurmaziuns dal palp e da la temperatura or da la chavorgia da la bucca. Il cortex gustativ secundar che furma la proxima staziun da l’elavuraziun dal gust sa chatta en il cortex prefrontal e sa cuvra per part cun il cortex olfactoric secundar. Sper la ‹ruta principala› descritta datti numerusas sromaziuns sin mintga nivel da l’elavuraziun. Quellas mainan tranter auter tar l’ipotalamus e tar il sistem limbic. Ultra da quai datti numerusas colliaziuns che mainan da stgalims superiurs enavos tar stgalims inferiurs.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Elavuraziun_sensorica">Elavuraziun sensorica</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://rm-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Lieunga&action=edit&section=13&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifitgar secziun: Elavuraziun sensorica" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifitgar</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>La cumplexitad da la percepziun gustativa vegn cuntanschida tras in sistem cumbinatoric da represchentaziuns en il tscharvè che lubescha in’analisa detagliada da las finezzas da l’impressiun sensuala. Quest’abilitad da noss sistem da la gnerva, la codaziun vectoriala, sa lascha chapir – tar sis qualitads dal gust fundamentalas – sco spazi a sis dimensiuns. In gust specific vegn represchentà en quest spazi tras in muster d’activaziun da tut ils sis tips da recepturs. Er sche la lieunga pudess differenziar mintgamai be diesch stgalims d’intensitad per mintga gust da basa, sche resultass da quai tuttina in dumber da musters d’activaziun pussaivels da 10<sup>6</sup> = 1 000 000. Vul dir: cun be sis differents tips da recepturs sa laschassan differenziar in milliun differentas gradaziuns dal gust. A basa da fundaments relativamain simpels resulta uschia in grond dumber da pussaivladads da percepziun e differenziaziun.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Annotaziuns">Annotaziuns</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://rm-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Lieunga&action=edit&section=14&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifitgar secziun: Annotaziuns" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifitgar</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://rm-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lieunga?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Tenor <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20170523112521/http://www.uni-mainz.de/FB/Medizin/Anatomie/workshop/Vokabular/Muskeln-A9.html"><i>Die menschlichen Muskeln in Tabellen. Übersichtliche Lernhilfen für Präparierkurs und Physikum</i>. Universität Mainz. Editor & Copyright Dr. med. H. Jastrow</a>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Silbernagl_807-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://rm-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lieunga?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Silbernagl_807_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Rainer Klinke, Stefan Silbernagl: <i>Lehrbuch der Physiologie</i>. Thieme, Stuttgart 2014, <a href="https://rm-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/9783137960072?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-3-13-796007-2</a>, p. 807.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Smith_Boughter-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://rm-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lieunga?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Smith_Boughter_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">D.V. Smith, J.D. Boughter jr: <i>Neurochemistry of the Gustatory System</i>. En: A. Lajtha e D.A. Johnson (ed.): <i>Handbook of Neurochemistry and Molecular Neurobiology</i>. Springer US, 2007, p. 109–135, <a href="https://rm-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/9780387303499?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-387-30349-9</a>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Chandrashekar-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://rm-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lieunga?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Chandrashekar_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">J. Chandrashekar e.a.: <i>The receptors and cells for mammalian taste.</i> En: <i>Nature</i> 444, nr. 7117, 2006, p. 288–294.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://rm-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lieunga?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">B. Lindemann e.a.: <i>The Discovery of Umami.</i> En: <i>Chemical Senses</i>, tom 27, nr. 9, 2002, p. 834–844. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://chemse.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/27/9/843.pdf">PDF; 50 KB</a>), consultà ils 7 da settember 2016.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Lindemann-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://rm-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lieunga?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Lindemann_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">B. Lindemann: <i>Receptors and transduction in taste</i>. En: <i>Nature</i>, nr. 413, 2001, p. 219–225.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Laugerette-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://rm-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lieunga?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Laugerette_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">F. Laugerette e.a.: <i>CD36 involvement in orosensory detection of dietary lipids, spontaneous fat preference, and digestive secretions</i>. En: <i>J Clin Invest</i> 115, nr. 11, 2005, p. 3177–3184.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-DOI10.1017/S0007114510000267-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://rm-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lieunga?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-DOI10.1017/S0007114510000267_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jessica E. Stewart, Christine Feinle-Bisset, Matthew Golding, Conor Delahunty, Peter M. Clifton, Russell S.J. Keast: <i>Oral sensitivity to fatty acids, food consumption and BMI in human subjects.</i> En: <i>British Journal of Nutrition</i> 104, 2010 p. 145–152.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Huang-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://rm-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lieunga?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Huang_9-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Yi-Jen Huang e.a.: <i>The role of pannexin 1 hemichannels in ATP release and cell-cell communication in mouse taste buds</i>. En: <i>PNAS</i>, tom 104, nr. 15, 2007, p. 6436–6441 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.pnas.org/cgi/reprint/104/15/6436.pdf">PDF; 2,3 MB</a>).</span></li> </ol> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Litteratura">Litteratura</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://rm-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Lieunga&action=edit&section=15&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifitgar secziun: Litteratura" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifitgar</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <ul> <li>Hans-Christian Pape, Armin Kurtz, Stefan Silbernagl: <i>Physiologie.</i> 7. ed, Thieme, Stuttgart 2014, <a href="https://rm-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/9783137960072?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-3-13-796007-2</a>.</li> <li>Stefano Mancuso, Carlo Petrini: <i>Die Wurzeln des guten Geschmacks. Warum sich Köche und Bauern verbünden müssen</i>. Antje Kunstmann, Minca, 2016, <a href="https://rm-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/9783956140969?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-3-95614-096-9</a>.</li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Colliaziuns">Colliaziuns</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://rm-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Lieunga&action=edit&section=16&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifitgar secziun: Colliaziuns" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifitgar</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <div class="sisterproject" style="margin:0.1em 0 0 0;"> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons"> <noscript> <img alt="Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 12px;height: 16px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="Commons" data-width="12" data-height="16" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Tongue?uselang%3Drm">Commons: Lieunga</a></span></b> – Collecziun da maletgs, videos e datotecas d'audio </div> <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20151010070442/http://www.anatomie.net/Unterricht/Skripte/geschmack.pdf"><i>Gustatorisches System und Geschmackssinn</i></a> (PDF dad anatomie.net; 1,2 MB)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20120611011551/http://www.nwl.at/documents/Schmecken.pdf"><i>Über den Geschmackssinn</i></a> (PDF, 545 KiB)</li> </ul>   </section> </div> <noscript> <img src="https://login.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&mobile=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"> </noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet=""> Da "<a dir="ltr" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://rm.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DLieunga%26oldid%3D165727">https://rm.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lieunga&oldid=165727</a>" </div> </div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"><a class="last-modified-bar" href="https://rm-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Lieunga&action=history&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="D.Camenisch" data-user-gender="unknown" data-timestamp="1713469266"> <span>Zuletzt bearbeitet am 18. avrigl 2024 um 20:41</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Sprachen</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tong" title="Tong – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Tong" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zunge" title="Zunge – tudestg svizzer" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Zunge" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="tudestg svizzer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2588%259D%25E1%2588%258B%25E1%2588%25B5" title="ምላስ – amaric" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ምላስ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luenga_(anatom%25C3%25ADa)" title="Luenga (anatomía) – aragonais" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Luenga (anatomía)" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunge" title="Tunge – englais vegl" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Tunge" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="englais vegl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2584%25D8%25B3%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586" title="لسان – arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لسان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DC%25A0%25DC%25AB%25DC%25A2%25DC%2590_(%25DC%2597%25DC%2595%25DC%25A1%25DC%2590)" title="ܠܫܢܐ (ܗܕܡܐ) – arameic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܠܫܢܐ (ܗܕܡܐ)" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="arameic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2584%25D8%25B3%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586" title="لسان – Marokkanisches Arabisch" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="لسان" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Marokkanisches Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%259C%25E0%25A6%25BF%25E0%25A6%25AD%25E0%25A6%25BE" title="জিভা – assami" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="জিভা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llingua_(mu%25C3%25A9rganu)" title="Llingua (muérganu) – asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Llingua (muérganu)" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oterni" title="Oterni – Atikamekw" lang="atj" hreflang="atj" data-title="Oterni" data-language-autonym="Atikamekw" data-language-local-name="Atikamekw" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Atikamekw</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259C%25D0%25B0%25D1%2586%25D3%2580_(%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B0)" title="МацӀ (лага) – avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="МацӀ (лага)" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dil_(anatomiya)" title="Dil (anatomiya) – aserbeidschanic" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Dil (anatomiya)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbeidschanic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%25C4%2597i%25C5%25BEovis" title="Lėižovis – Samogitisch" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Lėižovis" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dila" title="Dila – Zentralbikolano" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Dila" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Zentralbikolano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bdr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bdr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dela%2527" title="Dela' – Westküsten-Bajau" lang="bdr" hreflang="bdr" data-title="Dela'" data-language-autonym="Bajau Sama" data-language-local-name="Westküsten-Bajau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bajau Sama</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25AF%25D0%25B7%25D1%258B%25D0%25BA" title="Язык – bieloruss" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Язык" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bieloruss" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25AF%25D0%25B7%25D1%258B%25D0%25BA" title="Язык – Weißrussisch (Taraschkewiza)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Язык" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Weißrussisch (Taraschkewiza)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lida" title="Lida – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Lida" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2595%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BA_(%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F)" title="Език (анатомия) – bulgar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Език (анатомия)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilat" title="Ilat – Banjaresisch" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Ilat" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjaresisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%259C%25E0%25A6%25BF%25E0%25A6%25B9%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25AC%25E0%25A6%25BE" title="জিহ্বা – bengal" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জিহ্বা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25BD%25A3%25E0%25BE%2595%25E0%25BD%25BA%25E0%25BC%258B" title="ལྕེ་ – tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ལྕེ་" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teod" title="Teod – breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Teod" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jezik_(anatomija)" title="Jezik (anatomija) – bosniac" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Jezik (anatomija)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llengua_(m%25C3%25BAscul)" title="Llengua (múscul) – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Llengua (múscul)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%25C3%25B3i-si%25C4%2595k" title="Chói-siĕk – Min Dong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Chói-siĕk" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Min Dong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B2%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586_(%25D8%25A6%25DB%2595%25D9%2586%25D8%25AF%25D8%25A7%25D9%2585)" title="زمان (ئەندام) – curd central" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زمان (ئەندام)" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="curd central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jazyk_(org%25C3%25A1n)" title="Jazyk (orgán) – tschec" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Jazyk (orgán)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tschec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A7%25C4%2595%25D0%25BB%25D1%2585%25D0%25B5_(%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B8)" title="Чĕлхе (анатоми) – tschuvasch" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Чĕлхе (анатоми)" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tschuvasch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tafod" title="Tafod – kimric" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Tafod" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="kimric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunge" title="Tunge – danais" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tunge" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinli" title="Zinli – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Zinli" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zunge" title="Zunge – tudestg" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Zunge" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tudestg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%25C4%25B1wan_(organ)" title="Zıwan (organ) – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Zıwan (organ)" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DE%258B%25DE%25AB" title="ދޫ – maledivic" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ދޫ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="maledivic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%2593%25CE%25BB%25CF%258E%25CF%2583%25CF%2583%25CE%25B1_(%25CE%25B1%25CE%25BD%25CE%25B1%25CF%2584%25CE%25BF%25CE%25BC%25CE%25AF%25CE%25B1)" title="Γλώσσα (ανατομία) – grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γλώσσα (ανατομία)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tongue" title="Tongue – englais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Tongue" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="englais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lango_(anatomio)" title="Lango (anatomio) – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Lango (anatomio)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_(anatom%25C3%25ADa)" title="Lengua (anatomía) – spagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lengua (anatomía)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keel_(anatoomia)" title="Keel (anatoomia) – eston" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Keel (anatoomia)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="eston" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mihi" title="Mihi – basc" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Mihi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B2%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586_(%25DA%25A9%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25A8%25D8%25AF%25D8%25B4%25D9%2586%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B3%25DB%258C)" title="زبان (کالبدشناسی) – persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان (کالبدشناسی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kieli_(anatomia)" title="Kieli (anatomia) – finlandais" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kieli (anatomia)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiil_(anatoomia)" title="Kiil (anatoomia) – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Kiil (anatoomia)" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fon mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fon.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C6%2589%25C9%259B%25CC%2586" title="Ɖɛ̆ – fon" lang="fon" hreflang="fon" data-title="Ɖɛ̆" data-language-autonym="Fɔ̀ngbè" data-language-local-name="fon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fɔ̀ngbè</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langue_(anatomie_humaine)" title="Langue (anatomie humaine) – franzos" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Langue (anatomie humaine)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franzos" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonge" title="Tonge – fris" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Tonge" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="fris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teanga_(anatama%25C3%25ADocht)" title="Teanga (anatamaíocht) – irlandais" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Teanga (anatamaíocht)" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E8%2588%258C%25E9%25A0%25AD" title="舌頭 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="舌頭" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teanga" title="Teanga – gaelic scot" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Teanga" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaelic scot" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_(anatom%25C3%25ADa)" title="Lingua (anatomía) – galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua (anatomía)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%25C5%25A9" title="Kũ – guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Kũ" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dila" title="Dila – gorontalo" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Dila" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="gorontalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25F0%2590%258D%2584%25F0%2590%258C%25BF%25F0%2590%258C%25B2%25F0%2590%258C%25B2%25F0%2590%258D%2589" title="𐍄𐌿𐌲𐌲𐍉 – gotic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐍄𐌿𐌲𐌲𐍉" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="gotic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AA%259C%25E0%25AB%2580%25E0%25AA%25AD" title="જીભ – gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="જીભ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C3%2587hengey_(ronsaghey-kirpey)" title="Çhengey (ronsaghey-kirpey) – manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Çhengey (ronsaghey-kirpey)" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harshe_(ga%25C9%2593a)" title="Harshe (gaɓa) – haussa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Harshe (gaɓa)" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="haussa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sa%25CC%258Dt-m%25C3%25A0" title="Sa̍t-mà – Hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Sa̍t-mà" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%259C%25D7%25A9%25D7%2595%25D7%259F_(%25D7%2590%25D7%2599%25D7%2591%25D7%25A8)" title="לשון (איבר) – ebraic" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לשון (איבר)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%259C%25E0%25A5%2580%25E0%25A4%25AD" title="जीभ – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जीभ" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jezik_(anatomija)" title="Jezik (anatomija) – croat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Jezik (anatomija)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lang_(%25C3%25B2gan)" title="Lang (ògan) – creol haitian" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Lang (ògan)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="creol haitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyelv_(testr%25C3%25A9sz)" title="Nyelv (testrész) – ungarais" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Nyelv (testrész)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D4%25BC%25D5%25A5%25D5%25A6%25D5%25B8%25D6%2582_(%25D6%2585%25D6%2580%25D5%25A3%25D5%25A1%25D5%25B6)" title="Լեզու (օրգան) – armen" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լեզու (օրգան)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_(anatomia)" title="Lingua (anatomia) – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Lingua (anatomia)" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dilah" title="Dilah – iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Dilah" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lidah" title="Lidah – indonais" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Lidah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uqaq" title="Uqaq – inupiak" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Uqaq" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="inupiak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lango" title="Lango – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Lango" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunga" title="Tunga – islandais" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Tunga" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_(anatomia)" title="Lingua (anatomia) – talian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua (anatomia)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="talian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E8%2588%258C" title="舌 – giapunais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="舌" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapunais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilat" title="Ilat – javanais" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Ilat" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%2590_(%25E1%2583%259D%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%2592%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%259D)" title="ენა (ორგანო) – georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ენა (ორგანო)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nz%25CA%258Bl%25CA%258Bm%25C9%25A9y%25C9%259B" title="Nzʋlʋmɩyɛ – Kabiyé" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Nzʋlʋmɩyɛ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiyé" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%25CC%25B1lyem_(vam)" title="A̱lyem (vam) – tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="A̱lyem (vam)" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma" title="Ma – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Ma" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A2%25D1%2596%25D0%25BB_(%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F)" title="Тіл (анатомия) – casac" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Тіл (анатомия)" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="casac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B2%25A8%25E0%25B2%25BE%25E0%25B2%25B2%25E0%25B2%25BF%25E0%25B2%2597%25E0%25B3%2586" title="ನಾಲಿಗೆ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ನಾಲಿಗೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25ED%2598%2580" title="혀 – corean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="혀" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="corean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B2%25D8%25A0%25D9%2588" title="زؠو – kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="زؠو" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziman_(endam)" title="Ziman (endam) – curd" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Ziman (endam)" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="curd" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A2%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BB_(%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F)" title="Тил (анатомия) – kirghis" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Тил (анатомия)" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirghis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_(anatomia)" title="Lingua (anatomia) – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lingua (anatomia)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zong" title="Zong – luxemburgais" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Zong" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259C%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B7_(%25D1%2587%25D1%2583%25D1%2580%25D1%2585)" title="Маз (чурх) – Lakisch" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Маз (чурх)" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lakisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%25C3%25B3ng" title="Tóng – limburgais" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Tóng" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_(digestion)" title="Lengua (digestion) – Lombardisch" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Lengua (digestion)" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombardisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lol%25C3%25A9mu" title="Lolému – lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Lolému" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lie%25C5%25BEuvis" title="Liežuvis – lituan" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Liežuvis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%25C4%2593le" title="Mēle – letton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Mēle" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2588%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BA_(%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD)" title="Јазик (орган) – macedon" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Јазик (орган)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B4%25A8%25E0%25B4%25BE%25E0%25B4%25B5%25E0%25B5%258D" title="നാവ് – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="നാവ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EA%25AF%2582%25EA%25AF%25A9%25EA%25AF%258C%25EA%25AF%25A6%25EA%25AF%25A1" title="ꯂꯩꯌꯦꯡ – manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯂꯩꯌꯦꯡ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%259C%25E0%25A5%2580%25E0%25A4%25AD" title="जीभ – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="जीभ" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lidah" title="Lidah – malaic" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Lidah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2580%259C%25E1%2580%25BB%25E1%2580%25BE%25E1%2580%25AC" title="လျှာ – birman" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="လျှာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B2%25D9%2588%25D9%2588%25D9%2586_(%25D8%25A2%25D9%2586%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AA%25D9%2588%25D9%2585%25DB%258C)" title="زوون (آناتومی) – mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="زوون (آناتومی)" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%259C%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25AC%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A5%258B" title="जिब्रो – nepalais" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="जिब्रो" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AE%25E0%25A5%2587" title="मे – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="मे" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tong_(anatomie)" title="Tong (anatomie) – ollandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tong (anatomie)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ollandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunge" title="Tunge – norvegiais nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Tunge" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegiais nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunge" title="Tunge – norvegais bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tunge" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegais bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_(anatomia)" title="Lenga (anatomia) – occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Lenga (anatomia)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arraba" title="Arraba – oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Arraba" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AC%259C%25E0%25AC%25BF%25E0%25AC%25AD" title="ଜିଭ – oriya" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଜିଭ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="oriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A8%25AE%25E0%25A8%25A8%25E0%25A9%2581%25E0%25A9%25B1%25E0%25A8%2596%25E0%25A9%2580_%25E0%25A8%259C%25E0%25A9%2580%25E0%25A8%25AD" title="ਮਨੁੱਖੀ ਜੀਭ – punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮਨੁੱਖੀ ਜੀਭ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dila" title="Dila – pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Dila" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dila" title="Dila – pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Dila" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%25C4%2599zyk_(anatomia)" title="Język (anatomia) – polac" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język (anatomia)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AC%25DB%258C%25D8%25A8%25DA%25BE" title="جیبھ – Westliches Panjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جیبھ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Westliches Panjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DA%2598%25D8%25A8%25D9%2587_(%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AA%25D9%2588%25D9%2585%25D9%258A)" title="ژبه (اناتومي) – paschto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ژبه (اناتومي)" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paschto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%25C3%25ADngua" title="Língua – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qallu" title="Qallu – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Qallu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chhib_(korposki)" title="Chhib (korposki) – Vlax-Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Chhib (korposki)" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax-Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limb%25C4%2583_(anatomie)" title="Limbă (anatomie) – rumen" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limbă (anatomie)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25AF%25D0%25B7%25D1%258B%25D0%25BA_(%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F)" title="Язык (анатомия) – russ" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Язык (анатомия)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25AF%25D0%25B7%25D1%258B%25D0%25BA_(%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BC%25D1%2596%25D1%258F)" title="Язык (анатомія) – Russinisch" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Язык (анатомія)" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Russinisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ururimi_(umubiri)" title="Ururimi (umubiri) – kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Ururimi (umubiri)" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%259C%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25B9%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B5%25E0%25A4%25BE" title="जिह्वा – sanscrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="जिह्वा" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanscrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_(anatum%25C3%25ACa)" title="Lingua (anatumìa) – sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Lingua (anatumìa)" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DA%2584%25DA%2580" title="ڄڀ – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڄڀ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jezik_(anatomija)" title="Jezik (anatomija) – serbo-croat" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Jezik (anatomija)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tongue" title="Tongue – einfaches Englisch" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Tongue" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="einfaches Englisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jazyk_(org%25C3%25A1n)" title="Jazyk (orgán) – slovac" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Jazyk (orgán)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jezik_(organ)" title="Jezik (organ) – sloven" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Jezik (organ)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloven" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rurimi" title="Rurimi – shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Rurimi" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjuha_(organ)" title="Gjuha (organ) – albanais" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjuha (organ)" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2588%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BA_(%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD)" title="Језик (орган) – serb" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Језик (орган)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serb" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%25C3%25A9tah" title="Létah – sundanais" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Létah" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunga" title="Tunga – svedais" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tunga" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulimi" title="Ulimi – suahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Ulimi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/sema%2527" title="sema' – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="sema'" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AE%25A8%25E0%25AE%25BE%25E0%25AE%2595%25E0%25AF%258D%25E0%25AE%2595%25E0%25AF%2581" title="நாக்கு – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நாக்கு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B2%25A8%25E0%25B2%25BE%25E0%25B2%25B2%25E0%25B2%25AF%25E0%25B2%25BF" title="ನಾಲಯಿ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ನಾಲಯಿ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B0%25A8%25E0%25B0%25BE%25E0%25B0%25B2%25E0%25B1%2581%25E0%25B0%2595" title="నాలుక – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="నాలుక" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2597%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B1%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD_(%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B4%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BC)" title="Забон (андом) – tadjik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Забон (андом)" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B8%25A5%25E0%25B8%25B4%25E0%25B9%2589%25E0%25B8%2599" title="ลิ้น – tailandais" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ลิ้น" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tailandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dila" title="Dila – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Dila" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zyvon_(anatomij%25C9%2599)" title="Zyvon (anatomijə) – Talisch" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Zyvon (anatomijə)" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dil_(organ)" title="Dil (organ) – tirc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Dil (organ)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tirc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A2%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BB_(%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F)" title="Тел (анатомия) – tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Тел (анатомия)" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AA%25D9%2589%25D9%2584_(%25D8%25A6%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AA%25D9%2588%25D9%2585%25D9%2589%25D9%258A%25DB%2595)" title="تىل (ئاناتومىيە) – uiguric" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="تىل (ئاناتومىيە)" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uiguric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25AF%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BA" title="Язик – ucranais" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Язик" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucranais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B2%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586_(%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B4%25D8%25B1%25DB%258C%25D8%25AD)" title="زبان (تشریح) – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="زبان (تشریح)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%25C6%25B0%25E1%25BB%25A1i" title="Lưỡi – vietnamais" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Lưỡi" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toenge_(anatomie)" title="Toenge (anatomie) – Westflämisch" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Toenge (anatomie)" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="Westflämisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linwe" title="Linwe – vallon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Linwe" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="vallon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dila" title="Dila – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Dila" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E8%2588%258C%25E5%25A4%25B4" title="舌头 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="舌头" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%2590_(%25E1%2583%259D%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%2592%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%259D)" title="ნინა (ორგანო) – Mingrelisch" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ნინა (ორგანო)" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%25A6%25D7%2595%25D7%25A0%25D7%2592" title="צונג – jiddic" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="צונג" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jiddic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ah%25E1%25BB%258D%25CC%2581n" title="Ahọ́n – yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ahọ́n" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linx" title="Linx – zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Linx" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E8%2588%258C" title="舌 – chinais" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="舌" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chh%25C3%25B9i-chi%25CC%258Dh" title="Chhùi-chi̍h – Min Nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chhùi-chi̍h" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Min Nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E8%2584%25B7" title="脷 – cantonais" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="脷" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img 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