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Jules A. Hoffmann – Wikipedie
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href="#Výzkum"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Výzkum</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Výzkum-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ocenění_a_členství" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ocenění_a_členství"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Ocenění a členství</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ocenění_a_členství-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Odkazy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Odkazy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Odkazy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Odkazy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Přepnout podsekci Odkazy</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Odkazy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Reference" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reference"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Reference</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reference-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externí_odkazy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externí_odkazy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Externí odkazy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externí_odkazy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Obsah" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Přepnout obsah" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Přepnout obsah</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Jules A. Hoffmann</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Přejděte k článku v jiném jazyce. Je dostupný v 53 jazycích" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-53" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">53 jazyků</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%84_%D9%87%D9%88%D9%81%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="جول هوفمان – arabština" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جول هوفمان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%84_%D9%87%D9%88%D9%81%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="جول هوفمان – arabština (egyptská)" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جول هوفمان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabština (egyptská)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%A7%DB%8C._%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%85%D9%86" title="ژول ای. هافمن – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ژول ای. هافمن" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Жуль Хофман – běloruština" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Жуль Хофман" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="běloruština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="জ্যুল অফমান – bengálština" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জ্যুল অফমান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengálština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_A._Hoffmann" title="Jules A. Hoffmann – katalánština" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Jules A. Hoffmann" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%88%DA%B5%D8%B2_%D8%A6%DB%95%DB%8C._%DA%BE%DB%86%D9%81%D9%85%DB%95%D9%86" title="جووڵز ئەی. ھۆفمەن – kurdština (sorání)" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="جووڵز ئەی. ھۆفمەن" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdština (sorání)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_A._Hoffmann" title="Jules A. Hoffmann – dánština" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Jules A. Hoffmann" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Hoffmann" title="Jules Hoffmann – němčina" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Jules Hoffmann" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="němčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%96%CF%85%CE%BB_%CE%A7%CF%8C%CF%86%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%BD" title="Ζυλ Χόφμαν – řečtina" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ζυλ Χόφμαν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="řečtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_A._Hoffmann" title="Jules A. Hoffmann – angličtina" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Jules A. Hoffmann" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angličtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Hoffmann" title="Jules Hoffmann – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Jules Hoffmann" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Hoffmann" title="Jules Hoffmann – španělština" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Jules Hoffmann" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španělština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Hoffmann" title="Jules Hoffmann – estonština" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Jules Hoffmann" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Hoffmann" title="Jules Hoffmann – baskičtina" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Jules Hoffmann" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskičtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%A7%DB%8C._%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%85%D9%86" title="ژول ای. هافمن – perština" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ژول ای. هافمن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="doporučený článek"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Hoffmann" title="Jules Hoffmann – finština" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Jules Hoffmann" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Hoffmann" title="Jules Hoffmann – francouzština" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Jules Hoffmann" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francouzština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%96%27%D7%95%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%9E%D7%9F" title="ז'ול הופמן – hebrejština" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ז'ול הופמן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Hoffmann" title="Jules Hoffmann – maďarština" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Jules Hoffmann" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maďarština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BA%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AC_%D5%80%D5%B8%D6%86%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Ժյուլ Հոֆման – arménština" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ժյուլ Հոֆման" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_A._Hoffmann" title="Jules A. Hoffmann – indonéština" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Jules A. Hoffmann" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonéština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_A._Hoffmann" title="Jules A. Hoffmann – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Jules A. Hoffmann" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Hoffmann" title="Jules Hoffmann – italština" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Jules Hoffmann" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9B%E3%83%95%E3%83%9E%E3%83%B3" title="ジュール・ホフマン – japonština" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジュール・ホフマン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D1%8E%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%84%D1%84%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Жюль Хоффман – kazaština" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жюль Хоффман" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%A8%EB%A0%88%EC%8A%A4_%ED%98%B8%ED%94%84%EB%A7%8C" title="율레스 호프만 – korejština" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="율레스 호프만" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iulius_Hoffmann" title="Iulius Hoffmann – latina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Iulius Hoffmann" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Hoffmann_(Biolog)" title="Jules Hoffmann (Biolog) – lucemburština" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Jules Hoffmann (Biolog)" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="lucemburština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDils_Hofmans" title="Žils Hofmans – lotyština" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Žils Hofmans" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lotyština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_A._Hoffmann" title="Jules A. Hoffmann – malajština" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Jules A. Hoffmann" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%A7%DB%8C._%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%85%D9%86" title="ژول ای. هافمن – mázandaránština" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ژول ای. هافمن" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mázandaránština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Alphonse_Hoffmann" title="Jules Alphonse Hoffmann – dolnoněmčina" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Jules Alphonse Hoffmann" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="dolnoněmčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Hoffmann" title="Jules Hoffmann – nizozemština" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Jules Hoffmann" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nizozemština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_A._Hoffmann" title="Jules A. Hoffmann – norština (nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Jules A. Hoffmann" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norština (nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_A._Hoffmann" title="Jules A. Hoffmann – norština (bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Jules A. Hoffmann" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norština (bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Hoffmann" title="Jules Hoffmann – polština" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Jules Hoffmann" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%84%D8%B2_%DB%81%D9%88%D9%81%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="جولز ہوفمان – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جولز ہوفمان" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Hoffmann" title="Jules Hoffmann – portugalština" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Jules Hoffmann" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Hoffmann" title="Jules Hoffmann – rumunština" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Jules Hoffmann" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%84%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD,_%D0%96%D1%8E%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Офман, Жюль – ruština" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Офман, Жюль" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Hoffmann" title="Jules Hoffmann – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Jules Hoffmann" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D0%9E%D1%84%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Жил Офман – srbština" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Жил Офман" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srbština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Hoffmann" title="Jules Hoffmann – švédština" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Jules Hoffmann" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švédština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Hoffmann" title="Jules Hoffmann – svahilština" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Jules Hoffmann" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="svahilština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%B9%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%83%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="சூல்ஸ் ஹொஃப்மன் – tamilština" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சூல்ஸ் ஹொஃப்மன்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_A._Hoffmann" title="Jules A. Hoffmann – turečtina" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Jules A. Hoffmann" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turečtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%84%D1%84%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Жуль Альфонс Гоффман – ukrajinština" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Жуль Альфонс Гоффман" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%84%D8%B3_%D8%A7%DB%92._%DB%81%D9%88%D9%81_%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86" title="جیولس اے. ہوف مین – urdština" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جیولس اے. ہوف مین" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_A._Hoffmann" title="Jules A. Hoffmann – vietnamština" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Jules A. Hoffmann" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Hoffmann" title="Jules Hoffmann – volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Jules Hoffmann" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_A._Hoffmann" title="Jules A. Hoffmann – jorubština" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Jules A. Hoffmann" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="jorubština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%B1%E5%B0%94%C2%B7A%C2%B7%E5%A5%A5%E5%A4%AB%E6%9B%BC" title="朱尔·A·奥夫曼 – čínština" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="朱尔·A·奥夫曼" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="čínština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q105605#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Editovat mezijazykové odkazy" class="wbc-editpage">Upravit odkazy</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Jmenné prostory"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Jules_A._Hoffmann" title="Zobrazit obsahovou stránku [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Článek</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diskuse:Jules_A._Hoffmann&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Diskuse ke stránce (stránka neexistuje) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskuse</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Změnit variantu jazyka" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">čeština</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Zobrazení"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Jules_A._Hoffmann"><span>Číst</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jules_A._Hoffmann&veaction=edit" title="Editovat tuto stránku [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Editovat</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jules_A._Hoffmann&action=edit" title="Editovat zdrojový kód této stránky [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Editovat zdroj</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jules_A._Hoffmann&action=history" title="Starší verze této stránky. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Zobrazit historii</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Nástroje ke stránce"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Nástroje" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Nástroje</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Nástroje</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">přesunout do postranního panelu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">skrýt</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Další možnosti" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Akce </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Jules_A._Hoffmann"><span>Číst</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jules_A._Hoffmann&veaction=edit" title="Editovat tuto stránku [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Editovat</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jules_A._Hoffmann&action=edit" title="Editovat zdrojový kód této stránky [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Editovat zdroj</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jules_A._Hoffmann&action=history"><span>Zobrazit historii</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Obecné </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Co_odkazuje_na/Jules_A._Hoffmann" title="Seznam všech wikistránek, které sem odkazují [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Odkazuje sem</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Souvisej%C3%ADc%C3%AD_zm%C4%9Bny/Jules_A._Hoffmann" rel="nofollow" title="Nedávné změny stránek, na které je odkazováno [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Související změny</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=cs" title="Nahrát obrázky či jiná multimédia [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Načíst soubor</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD_str%C3%A1nky" title="Seznam všech speciálních stránek [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Speciální stránky</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jules_A._Hoffmann&oldid=24315018" title="Trvalý odkaz na současnou verzi této stránky"><span>Trvalý odkaz</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jules_A._Hoffmann&action=info" title="Více informací o této stránce"><span>Informace o stránce</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Citovat&page=Jules_A._Hoffmann&id=24315018&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informace o tom, jak citovat tuto stránku"><span>Citovat stránku</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcs.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FJules_A._Hoffmann"><span>Získat zkrácené URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcs.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FJules_A._Hoffmann"><span>Stáhnout QR kód</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tisk/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Kniha&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Jules+A.+Hoffmann"><span>Vytvořit knihu</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:DownloadAsPdf&page=Jules_A._Hoffmann&action=show-download-screen"><span>Stáhnout jako PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jules_A._Hoffmann&printable=yes" title="Tato stránka v podobě vhodné k tisku [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Verze k tisku</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Na jiných projektech </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Jules_Hoffmann" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q105605" title="Odkaz na propojenou položku datového úložiště [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Položka Wikidat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Nástroje ke stránce"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Vzhled"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Vzhled</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">přesunout do postranního panelu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">skrýt</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Z Wikipedie, otevřené encyklopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="cs" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox biography vcard" style="width:22em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="fn" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold">Jules Hoffmann</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Soubor:Nobel_Prize_2011-Press_Conference_KI-DSC_7584.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jules Hoffmann (2011)"><img alt="Jules Hoffmann (2011)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Nobel_Prize_2011-Press_Conference_KI-DSC_7584.jpg/225px-Nobel_Prize_2011-Press_Conference_KI-DSC_7584.jpg" decoding="async" width="225" height="338" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Nobel_Prize_2011-Press_Conference_KI-DSC_7584.jpg/338px-Nobel_Prize_2011-Press_Conference_KI-DSC_7584.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Nobel_Prize_2011-Press_Conference_KI-DSC_7584.jpg/450px-Nobel_Prize_2011-Press_Conference_KI-DSC_7584.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1721" data-file-height="2582" /></a></span><div><span class="wd">Jules Hoffmann (2011)</span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left">Narození</th><td><span class="wd"><a href="/wiki/2._srpen" title="2. srpen">2. srpna</a> <a href="/wiki/1941" title="1941">1941</a> (83 let)</span><br /><span class="wd"><a href="/wiki/Echternach" title="Echternach">Echternach</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td><span class="wd"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0trasbursk%C3%A1_univerzita" title="Štrasburská univerzita">Štrasburská univerzita</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Marbursk%C3%A1_univerzita" title="Marburská univerzita">Marburská univerzita</a><br /><span lang="en">Lycée de garçons Luxembourg</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left">Povolání</th><td class="role"><span class="wd">biolog, imunolog, <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9ka%C5%99" title="Lékař">lékař</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vysoko%C5%A1kolsk%C3%BD_u%C4%8Ditel" title="Vysokoškolský učitel">vysokoškolský učitel</a> a výzkumník</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left">Zaměstnavatel</th><td><span class="wd"><a href="/wiki/Francouzsk%C3%A1_akademie_v%C4%9Bd" title="Francouzská akademie věd">Francouzská akademie věd</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left">Ocenění</th><td><span class="wd"><span lang="en">Gay-Lussac-Humboldt-Prize</span> (1983)<br />William B. Coley Award (2003)<br />Cena Roberta Kocha (2004)<br />Balzanova cena (2007)<br />Clarivate Citation Laureates (2008)<br />… více na <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105605#P166" class="extiw" title="d:Q105605">Wikidatech</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left">Rodiče</th><td><span class="wd"><span lang="en">Jos Hoffmann</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left">Funkce</th><td><span class="wd"><a href="/wiki/Prezident" title="Prezident">prezident</a> (<a href="/wiki/Francouzsk%C3%A1_akademie_v%C4%9Bd" title="Francouzská akademie věd">Francouzská akademie věd</a>; 2007–2008)<br />7. křeslo Francouzské akademie (od 2012)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left">Web</th><td><span class="wd"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-ibmc.u-strasbg.fr/ridi/profil.php?equipe_id=10">www-ibmc<wbr />.u-strasbg<wbr />.fr<wbr />/ridi<wbr />/profil<wbr />.php?equipe<wbr />_id=10</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Logo Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Logo Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Jules_Hoffmann" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Jules Hoffmann">multimediální obsah</a></b> na <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Commons</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size: smaller; white-space: nowrap;">Některá data mohou pocházet z <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105605" class="extiw" title="d:Q105605">datové položky</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Jules A. Hoffmann</b> (* <a href="/wiki/2._srpen" title="2. srpen">2. srpna</a> <a href="/wiki/1941" title="1941">1941</a>, <a href="/wiki/Echternach" title="Echternach">Echternach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lucembursko" title="Lucembursko">Lucembursko</a>) je <a href="/wiki/Francie" title="Francie">francouzský</a> biolog <a href="/wiki/Lucembursko" title="Lucembursko">lucemburského</a> původu<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, ředitel výzkumu a člen správní rady Národního centra vědeckého výzkumu (National Center of Scientific Research, CNRS) ve <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0trasburk" title="Štrasburk">Štrasburku</a>. Od roku 1992 je členem <a href="/wiki/Francouzsk%C3%A1_akademie_v%C4%9Bd" title="Francouzská akademie věd">Francouzské akademie věd</a>, v níž v letech 2007–2008 zastával funkci prezidenta. </p><p>Spolu s <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Beutler" title="Bruce Beutler">Brucem Beutlerem</a> obdržel <a href="/wiki/Nobelova_cena_za_fyziologii_a_l%C3%A9ka%C5%99stv%C3%AD" title="Nobelova cena za fyziologii a lékařství">Nobelovu cenu za fyziologii a lékařství</a> pro rok 2011 za „objev týkající se aktivace vrozené imunity.“ Třetím nositelem ceny z daného roku, který získal polovinu z celkové finanční odměny, se stal <a href="/wiki/Ralph_M._Steinman" title="Ralph M. Steinman">Ralph M. Steinman</a> za „objev <a href="/wiki/Dendritick%C3%A1_bu%C5%88ka" title="Dendritická buňka">dendritických buněk</a> a jejich role v rámci získané imunity.“<sup id="cite_ref-Nobel_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nobel-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hoffman se svou skupinou přispěli k poznání vrozené imunity především tím, že v roce 1996 jako první popsali <i><a href="/wiki/Toll" title="Toll">Toll</a></i> geny v rámci imunitního systému octomilky a uvedli jejich klíčovou roli při potlačení vzniku plísňové infekce,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> aktivací syntézy <a href="/wiki/Bakteriostatikum" title="Bakteriostatikum">bakteriostatických</a> peptidů. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vzdělání"><span id="Vzd.C4.9Bl.C3.A1n.C3.AD"></span>Vzdělání</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jules_A._Hoffmann&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editace sekce: Vzdělání" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jules_A._Hoffmann&action=edit&section=1" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Vzdělání"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pregraduální obory <a href="/wiki/Zoologie" title="Zoologie">zoologie</a>, chemie a obecná biologie, stejně jako postgraduální studium biologie (<a href="/wiki/Ph.D." title="Ph.D.">Ph.D.</a>, 1969) absolvoval na <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0trasbursk%C3%A1_univerzita" title="Štrasburská univerzita">Štrasburské univerzitě</a>. Postdoktorální pobyt strávil v letech 1973–1974 na západoněmeckém pracovišti Institutu pro biochemii <a href="/wiki/Univerzita_Marburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Univerzita Marburg">univerzity v Marburgu</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Výzkum"><span id="V.C3.BDzkum"></span>Výzkum</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jules_A._Hoffmann&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Editace sekce: Výzkum" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jules_A._Hoffmann&action=edit&section=2" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Výzkum"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>V období 1964–1968 byl postgraduálním vědeckým pracovníkem v laboratoři CNRS, kde se zabýval výzkumem krevních buněk u sarančat, od roku 1969 pak vědcem této instituce. V roce 1974 byl jmenován ředitelem výzkumu Štrasburské univerzity. V letech 1978–2005 působil také jako ředitel výzkumné skupiny CNRS – Imunitní odpověď a vývoj u hmyzu. Mezi lety 1993–2005 byl ředitelem Institutu molekulární a buněčné biologie CNRS ve Štrasburku. </p><p>Hlavní doménou vědecké práce je výzkum hmyzí imunity a hormonů. Od <a href="/wiki/Octomilka" title="Octomilka">octomilek</a>, přešel na složitější organizmus – komára rodu <a href="/wiki/Anopheles" class="mw-redirect" title="Anopheles">Anopheles</a>. </p><p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ocenění_a_členství"><span id="Ocen.C4.9Bn.C3.AD_a_.C4.8Dlenstv.C3.AD"></span>Ocenění a členství</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jules_A._Hoffmann&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Editace sekce: Ocenění a členství" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jules_A._Hoffmann&action=edit&section=3" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Ocenění a členství"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Je členem Německé akademie věd Leopoldina, Francouzské národní akademie věd, Akademie Europaea, Evropské organizace molekulární biologie (European Molecular Biology Organization, EMBO), <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A1rodn%C3%AD_akademie_v%C4%9Bd_Spojen%C3%BDch_st%C3%A1t%C5%AF_americk%C3%BDch" title="Národní akademie věd Spojených států amerických">Národní akademie věd Spojených států amerických</a> a <a href="/wiki/Rusk%C3%A1_akademie_v%C4%9Bd" title="Ruská akademie věd">Ruské akademie věd</a>. </p> <dl><dt>Přehled ocenění</dt></dl> <ul><li>2003 – Cena Williama B. Coleyho Výzkumného nstitutu nádorového bujení (Cancer Research Institute William B. Coley Award)</li> <li>2004 – Cena Roberta Kocha (Robert Koch Prize)</li> <li>2007 – Balzanova cena za výzkum vrozené imunity (Balzan Prize, další nositel <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Beutler" title="Bruce Beutler">Bruce A. Beutler</a>)</li> <li>2010 – Cena Lewise S. Rosenstiela (Lewis S. Rosenstiel Award, další nositel Ruslan M. Medžitov)</li> <li>2010 – Cena lékařské vědy Keio (Keio Medical Science Prize)</li> <li>2011 – Mezinárodní cena Gairdnerovy nadace (Gairdner Foundation International Award, další nositel <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0izuo_Akira&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Šizuo Akira (stránka neexistuje)">Šizuo Akira</a>)</li> <li>2011 – Shawova cena (Shaw Prize, další nositelé Bruce A. Beutler a Ruslan M. Medžitov)</li> <li>2011 – Zlatá medaile CNRS</li> <li>2011 – <a href="/wiki/Nobelova_cena_za_fyziologii_a_l%C3%A9ka%C5%99stv%C3%AD" title="Nobelova cena za fyziologii a lékařství">Nobelova cena za fyziologii a medicínu</a> (2011, spolu s Ralphem M. Steinmanem a Bruce Butlerem)<sup id="cite_ref-Nobel_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nobel-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Odkazy">Odkazy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jules_A._Hoffmann&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Editace sekce: Odkazy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jules_A._Hoffmann&action=edit&section=4" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Odkazy"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reference">Reference</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jules_A._Hoffmann&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Editace sekce: Reference" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jules_A._Hoffmann&action=edit&section=5" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Reference"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="plainlinks"><i>V tomto článku byl použit <a href="/wiki/Wikipedie:WikiProjekt_P%C5%99eklad/Rady" title="Wikipedie:WikiProjekt Překlad/Rady">překlad</a> textu z článku <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_A._Hoffmann?oldid=453798934"><span class="cizojazycne" lang="en" title="angličtina">Jules A. Hoffmann</span></a> na anglické Wikipedii.</i></span> </p> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www2.cnrs.fr/en/1912.htm">http://www2.cnrs.fr/en/1912.htm</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nobel-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Nobel_2-0"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nobel_2-1"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">b</sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Nobel Foundation: Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2011, tisková zpráva, [cit. 3 October 2011], <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2011/press.html">Dostupné on-line</a>.<span title="Chyba v použití šablony!" class="error" style="font-weight:bold;display:none;">Je zde použita šablona <code>{{<a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ablona:Cite_press_release" title="Šablona:Cite press release">Cite press release</a>}}</code> označená jako k „pouze dočasnému použití“.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Lemaitre B, Nicolas E, Michaut L, Reichhart JM, Hoffmann JA. The dorsoventral regulatory gene cassette spätzle/Toll/cactus controls the potent antifungal response in Drosophila adults. <i>Cell</i>. 1996, s. 973–83. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0092-8674(00)80172-5">Dostupné online</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2FS0092-8674%2800%2980172-5">10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80172-5</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8808632"><span class="PMID">8808632</span></a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceperiodika&rft.jtitle=Cell&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0092-8674%2800%2980172-5&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS0092-8674%2800%2980172-5&rft.atitle=The+dorsoventral+regulatory+gene+cassette+sp%C3%A4tzle%2FToll%2Fcactus+controls+the+potent+antifungal+response+in+Drosophila+adults&rft.date=1996&rft.pages=973%E2%80%9383&rft.au=Lemaitre+B%2C+Nicolas+E%2C+Michaut+L%2C+Reichhart+JM%2C+Hoffmann+JA"><span style="display:none"> </span></span><span title="Chyba v použití šablony!" class="error" style="font-weight:bold;display:none;">Je zde použita šablona <code>{{<a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ablona:Cite_journal" title="Šablona:Cite journal">Cite journal</a>}}</code> označená jako k „pouze dočasnému použití“.</span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Externí_odkazy"><span id="Extern.C3.AD_odkazy"></span>Externí odkazy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jules_A._Hoffmann&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Editace sekce: Externí odkazy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jules_A._Hoffmann&action=edit&section=6" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Externí odkazy"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="wd"><span class="sisterproject sisterproject-commons"><span class="sisterproject_image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Logo Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></span> <span class="sisterproject_text">Obrázky, zvuky či videa k tématu <span class="sisterproject_text_target"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Jules_Hoffmann" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Jules Hoffmann">Jules Hoffmann</a></span> na <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></span></span><i> </i></li> <li><span style="cursor:help;" data-lang="fr" title="Jazyk cíle odkazu: francouzština">(francouzsky)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111005154530/http://www.academie-sciences.fr/academie/membre/Hoffmann_Jules.htm">Jules Hoffmann</a> na stránkách Francouzské akademie věd</li> <li><span style="cursor:help;" data-lang="cs" title="Jazyk cíle odkazu: čeština">(česky)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ceskenoviny.cz/svet/zpravy/nobelovu-cenu-za-lekarstvi-ziskali-imunologove/695041"><i>Nobelovu cenu za lékařství získali imunologové</i>, České noviny, 3.10.2011</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox noprint" title="Nositelé Nobelovy ceny za fyziologii a lékařství"><table title="" class="navbox-navbox mw-collapsible autocollapse nowraplinks noprint" cellspacing="0" data-collapsetext="skrýt" data-expandtext="zobrazit"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r17064757">.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .mw-collapsible-toggle{font-weight:normal}</style><tbody><tr> <th class="navbox-title" colspan="2"> <span class="navbox-titletext"><a href="/wiki/Seznam_nositel%C5%AF_Nobelovy_ceny_za_fyziologii_a_l%C3%A9ka%C5%99stv%C3%AD" title="Seznam nositelů Nobelovy ceny za fyziologii a lékařství">Nositelé</a> <a href="/wiki/Nobelova_cena_za_fyziologii_a_l%C3%A9ka%C5%99stv%C3%AD" title="Nobelova cena za fyziologii a lékařství">Nobelovy ceny za fyziologii a lékařství</a></span> </th> </tr><tr class="navbox-padding"><td></td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group">1901–1925</td> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist"> <div> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Emil_von_Behring" title="Emil von Behring">Emil von Behring</a> (1901)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Ross" title="Ronald Ross">Ronald Ross</a> (1902)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Niels_Ryberg_Finsen" title="Niels Ryberg Finsen">Niels Ryberg Finsen</a> (1903)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Petrovi%C4%8D_Pavlov" title="Ivan Petrovič Pavlov">Ivan Petrovič Pavlov</a> (1904)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Koch" title="Robert Koch">Robert Koch</a> (1905)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Camillo_Golgi" title="Camillo Golgi">Camillo Golgi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Santiago_Ram%C3%B3n_y_Cajal" title="Santiago Ramón y Cajal">Santiago Ramón y Cajal</a> (1906)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alphonse_Laveran" title="Alphonse Laveran">Alphonse Laveran</a> (1907)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ilja_Ilji%C4%8D_Me%C4%8Dnikov" title="Ilja Iljič Mečnikov">Ilja Iljič Mečnikov</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Ehrlich" title="Paul Ehrlich">Paul Ehrlich</a> (1908)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Emil_Theodor_Kocher" title="Emil Theodor Kocher">Emil Theodor Kocher</a> (1909)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Albrecht_Kossel" title="Albrecht Kossel">Albrecht Kossel</a> (1910)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Allvar_Gullstrand" title="Allvar Gullstrand">Allvar Gullstrand</a> (1911)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alexis_Carrel" title="Alexis Carrel">Alexis Carrel</a> (1912)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Richet" title="Charles Richet">Charles Richet</a> (1913)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_B%C3%A1r%C3%A1ny" title="Robert Bárány">Robert Bárány</a> (1914)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jules_Bordet" title="Jules Bordet">Jules Bordet</a> (1919)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/August_Krogh" title="August Krogh">August Krogh</a> (1920)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Archibald_Hill" title="Archibald Hill">Archibald Hill</a> / <a href="/wiki/Otto_Fritz_Meyerhof" title="Otto Fritz Meyerhof">Otto Fritz Meyerhof</a> (1922)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Banting" title="Frederick Banting">Frederick Banting</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_James_Rickard_Macleod" title="John James Rickard Macleod">John James Rickard Macleod</a> (1923)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Willem_Einthoven" title="Willem Einthoven">Willem Einthoven</a> (1924)</span></li></ul></div> </td> </tr><tr class="navbox-padding"><td></td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group">1926–1950</td> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist"> <div> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Fibiger" title="Johannes Fibiger">Johannes Fibiger</a> (1926)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Julius_Wagner-Jauregg" title="Julius Wagner-Jauregg">Julius Wagner-Jauregg</a> (1927)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Nicolle" title="Charles Nicolle">Charles Nicolle</a> (1928)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Christiaan_Eijkman" title="Christiaan Eijkman">Christiaan Eijkman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Hopkins" title="Frederick Hopkins">Frederick Hopkins</a> (1929)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Karl_Landsteiner" title="Karl Landsteiner">Karl Landsteiner</a> (1930)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Otto_Heinrich_Warburg" title="Otto Heinrich Warburg">Otto Heinrich Warburg</a> (1931)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Scott_Sherrington" title="Charles Scott Sherrington">Charles Scott Sherrington</a> / <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Douglas_Adrian" title="Edgar Douglas Adrian">Edgar Douglas Adrian</a> (1932)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Morgan" title="Thomas Morgan">Thomas Morgan</a> (1933)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Whipple" title="George Whipple">George Whipple</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Richards_Minot" title="George Richards Minot">George Richards Minot</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_Parry_Murphy" title="William Parry Murphy">William Parry Murphy</a> (1934)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hans_Spemann" title="Hans Spemann">Hans Spemann</a> (1935)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Hallett_Dale" title="Henry Hallett Dale">Henry Hallett Dale</a> / <a href="/wiki/Otto_Loewi" title="Otto Loewi">Otto Loewi</a> (1936)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Szent-Gy%C3%B6rgyi" title="Albert Szent-Györgyi">Albert Szent-Györgyi</a> (1937)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Corneille_Heymans" title="Corneille Heymans">Corneille Heymans</a> (1938)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Domagk" title="Gerhard Domagk">Gerhard Domagk</a> (1939)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henrik_Dam" title="Henrik Dam">Henrik Dam</a> / <a href="/wiki/Edward_Adelbert_Doisy" title="Edward Adelbert Doisy">Edward Adelbert Doisy</a> (1943)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Erlanger" title="Joseph Erlanger">Joseph Erlanger</a> / <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Spencer_Gasser" title="Herbert Spencer Gasser">Herbert Spencer Gasser</a> (1944)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Fleming" title="Alexander Fleming">Alexander Fleming</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Boris_Chain" title="Ernst Boris Chain">Ernst Boris Chain</a> / <a href="/wiki/Howard_Walter_Florey" title="Howard Walter Florey">Howard Walter Florey</a> (1945)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Joseph_Muller" title="Hermann Joseph Muller">Hermann Joseph Muller</a> (1946)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Ferdinand_Cori" title="Carl Ferdinand Cori">Carl Ferdinand Cori</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gerty_Coriov%C3%A1" title="Gerty Coriová">Gerty Coriová</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bernardo_Houssay" title="Bernardo Houssay">Bernardo Houssay</a> (1947)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Hermann_M%C3%BCller" title="Paul Hermann Müller">Paul Hermann Müller</a> (1948)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Rudolf_Hess" title="Walter Rudolf Hess">Walter Rudolf Hess</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Egas_Moniz" title="António Egas Moniz">António Egas Moniz</a> (1949)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Philip_Showalter_Hench" title="Philip Showalter Hench">Philip Showalter Hench</a> / <a href="/wiki/Edward_Calvin_Kendall" title="Edward Calvin Kendall">Edward Calvin Kendall</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tadeus_Reichstein" title="Tadeus Reichstein">Tadeus Reichstein</a> (1950)</span></li></div> </td> </tr><tr class="navbox-padding"><td></td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group">1951–1975</td> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist"> <div> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Max_Theiler" title="Max Theiler">Max Theiler</a> (1951)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Selman_Abraham_Waksman" title="Selman Abraham Waksman">Selman Abraham Waksman</a> (1952)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hans_Adolf_Krebs" title="Hans Adolf Krebs">Hans Adolf Krebs</a> / <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Albert_Lipmann" title="Fritz Albert Lipmann">Fritz Albert Lipmann</a> (1953)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Franklin_Enders" title="John Franklin Enders">John Franklin Enders</a> / <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Chapman_Robbins" title="Frederick Chapman Robbins">Frederick Chapman Robbins</a> / <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Huckle_Weller" title="Thomas Huckle Weller">Thomas Huckle Weller</a> (1954)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Theorell" title="Hugo Theorell">Hugo Theorell</a> (1955)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Cournand" title="André Frédéric Cournand">André Frédéric Cournand</a> / <a href="/wiki/Werner_For%C3%9Fmann" title="Werner Forßmann">Werner Forßmann</a> / <a href="/wiki/Dickinson_W._Richards" title="Dickinson W. Richards">Dickinson W. Richards</a> (1956)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Bovet" title="Daniel Bovet">Daniel Bovet</a> (1957)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Wells_Beadle" title="George Wells Beadle">George Wells Beadle</a> / <a href="/wiki/Edward_Lawrie_Tatum" title="Edward Lawrie Tatum">Edward Lawrie Tatum</a> / <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Lederberg" title="Joshua Lederberg">Joshua Lederberg</a> (1958)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Kornberg" title="Arthur Kornberg">Arthur Kornberg</a> / <a href="/wiki/Severo_Ochoa" title="Severo Ochoa">Severo Ochoa</a> (1959)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Macfarlane_Burnet" title="Frank Macfarlane Burnet">Frank Macfarlane Burnet</a> / <a href="/wiki/Peter_Brian_Medawar" title="Peter Brian Medawar">Peter Brian Medawar</a> (1960)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Georg_von_B%C3%A9k%C3%A9sy" title="Georg von Békésy">Georg von Békésy</a> (1961)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Francis_Crick" title="Francis Crick">Francis Crick</a> / <a href="/wiki/James_Dewey_Watson" title="James Dewey Watson">James Dewey Watson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Wilkins" title="Maurice Wilkins">Maurice Wilkins</a> (1962)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Carew_Eccles" title="John Carew Eccles">John Carew Eccles</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin" title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin">Alan Lloyd Hodgkin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Fielding_Huxley" title="Andrew Fielding Huxley">Andrew Fielding Huxley</a> (1963)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Konrad_Bloch" title="Konrad Bloch">Konrad Bloch</a> / <a href="/wiki/Feodor_Lynen" title="Feodor Lynen">Feodor Lynen</a> (1964)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Jacob" title="François Jacob">François Jacob</a> / <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Lwoff" title="André Lwoff">André Lwoff</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Monod" title="Jacques Monod">Jacques Monod</a> (1965)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Francis_Peyton_Rous" title="Francis Peyton Rous">Francis Peyton Rous</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_Brenton_Huggins" title="Charles Brenton Huggins">Charles Brenton Huggins</a> (1966)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ragnar_Granit" title="Ragnar Granit">Ragnar Granit</a> / <a href="/wiki/Haldan_Keffer_Hartline" title="Haldan Keffer Hartline">Haldan Keffer Hartline</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Wald" title="George Wald">George Wald</a> (1967)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_W._Holley" title="Robert W. Holley">Robert W. Holley</a> / <a href="/wiki/Har_Gobind_Khorana" title="Har Gobind Khorana">Har Gobind Khorana</a> / <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Warren_Nirenberg" title="Marshall Warren Nirenberg">Marshall Warren Nirenberg</a> (1968)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Max_Delbr%C3%BCck" title="Max Delbrück">Max Delbrück</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hershey" title="Alfred Hershey">Alfred Hershey</a> / <a href="/wiki/Salvador_Luria" title="Salvador Luria">Salvador Luria</a> (1969)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Julius_Axelrod" title="Julius Axelrod">Julius Axelrod</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ulf_von_Euler" title="Ulf von Euler">Ulf von Euler</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Katz" title="Bernard Katz">Bernard Katz</a> (1970)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Earl_Wilbur_Sutherland" title="Earl Wilbur Sutherland">Earl Wilbur Sutherland</a> (1971)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Edelman" title="Gerald Edelman">Gerald Edelman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Rodney_Robert_Porter" title="Rodney Robert Porter">Rodney Robert Porter</a> (1972)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Karl_von_Frisch" title="Karl von Frisch">Karl von Frisch</a> / <a href="/wiki/Konrad_Lorenz" title="Konrad Lorenz">Konrad Lorenz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nikolaas_Tinbergen" title="Nikolaas Tinbergen">Nikolaas Tinbergen</a> (1973)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Claude" title="Albert Claude">Albert Claude</a> / <a href="/wiki/Christian_de_Duve" title="Christian de Duve">Christian de Duve</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Emil_Palade" title="George Emil Palade">George Emil Palade</a> (1974)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Baltimore" title="David Baltimore">David Baltimore</a> / <a href="/wiki/Renato_Dulbecco" title="Renato Dulbecco">Renato Dulbecco</a> / <a href="/wiki/Howard_Martin_Temin" title="Howard Martin Temin">Howard Martin Temin</a> (1975)</span></li></div> </td> </tr><tr class="navbox-padding"><td></td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group">1976–2000</td> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist"> <div> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Baruch_Samuel_Blumberg" title="Baruch Samuel Blumberg">Baruch Samuel Blumberg</a> / <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Carleton_Gajdusek" title="Daniel Carleton Gajdusek">Daniel Carleton Gajdusek</a> (1976)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roger_Guillemin" title="Roger Guillemin">Roger Guillemin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Schally" title="Andrew Schally">Andrew Schally</a> / <a href="/wiki/Rosalyn_Yalowov%C3%A1" title="Rosalyn Yalowová">Rosalyn Yalowová</a> (1977)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Werner_Arber" title="Werner Arber">Werner Arber</a> / <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Nathans" title="Daniel Nathans">Daniel Nathans</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_O._Smith" title="Hamilton O. Smith">Hamilton O. Smith</a> (1978)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Allan_McLeod_Cormack" title="Allan McLeod Cormack">Allan McLeod Cormack</a> / <a href="/wiki/Godfrey_N._Hounsfield" title="Godfrey N. Hounsfield">Godfrey N. Hounsfield</a> (1979)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Baruj_Benacerraf" title="Baruj Benacerraf">Baruj Benacerraf</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jean_Dausset" title="Jean Dausset">Jean Dausset</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Davis_Snell" title="George Davis Snell">George Davis Snell</a> (1980)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roger_W._Sperry" title="Roger W. Sperry">Roger W. Sperry</a> / <a href="/wiki/David_H._Hubel" title="David H. Hubel">David H. Hubel</a> / <a href="/wiki/Torsten_Wiesel" title="Torsten Wiesel">Torsten Wiesel</a> (1981)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sune_Bergstr%C3%B6m" title="Sune Bergström">Sune Bergström</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bengt_Samuelsson" title="Bengt Samuelsson">Bengt Samuelsson</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Vane" title="John Vane">John Vane</a> (1982)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barbara_McClintockov%C3%A1" title="Barbara McClintocková">Barbara McClintocková</a> (1983)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Niels_Kaj_Jerne" title="Niels Kaj Jerne">Niels Kaj Jerne</a> / <a href="/wiki/Georges_K%C3%B6hler" title="Georges Köhler">Georges Köhler</a> / <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Milstein" title="César Milstein">César Milstein</a> (1984)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michael_S._Brown" title="Michael S. Brown">Michael S. Brown</a> / <a href="/wiki/Joseph_L._Goldstein" title="Joseph L. Goldstein">Joseph L. Goldstein</a> (1985)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Cohen_(biochemik)" title="Stanley Cohen (biochemik)">Stanley Cohen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Rita_Leviov%C3%A1-Montalciniov%C3%A1" title="Rita Leviová-Montalciniová">Rita Leviová-Montalciniová</a> (1986)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Susumu_Tonegawa" title="Susumu Tonegawa">Susumu Tonegawa</a> (1987)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_W._Black" title="James W. Black">James W. Black</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gertrude_Belle_Elionov%C3%A1" title="Gertrude Belle Elionová">Gertrude Belle Elionová</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_H._Hitchings" title="George H. Hitchings">George H. Hitchings</a> (1988)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/J._Michael_Bishop" title="J. Michael Bishop">J. Michael Bishop</a> / <a href="/wiki/Harold_E._Varmus" title="Harold E. Varmus">Harold E. Varmus</a> (1989)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Murray" title="Joseph Murray">Joseph Murray</a> / <a href="/wiki/E._Donnall_Thomas" title="E. Donnall Thomas">E. Donnall Thomas</a> (1990)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Erwin_Neher" title="Erwin Neher">Erwin Neher</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bert_Sakmann" title="Bert Sakmann">Bert Sakmann</a> (1991)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edmond_H._Fischer" title="Edmond H. Fischer">Edmond H. Fischer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Edwin_G._Krebs" title="Edwin G. Krebs">Edwin G. Krebs</a> (1992)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_John_Roberts" title="Richard John Roberts">Richard John Roberts</a> / <a href="/wiki/Phillip_A._Sharp" title="Phillip A. Sharp">Phillip A. Sharp</a> (1993)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_G._Gilman" title="Alfred G. Gilman">Alfred G. Gilman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Martin_Rodbell" title="Martin Rodbell">Martin Rodbell</a> (1994)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edward_B._Lewis" title="Edward B. Lewis">Edward B. Lewis</a> / <a href="/wiki/Christiane_N%C3%BCssleinov%C3%A1-Volhardov%C3%A1" title="Christiane Nüssleinová-Volhardová">Christiane Nüssleinová-Volhardová</a> / <a href="/wiki/Eric_F._Wieschaus" title="Eric F. Wieschaus">Eric F. Wieschaus</a> (1995)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Peter_C._Doherty" title="Peter C. Doherty">Peter C. Doherty</a> / <a href="/wiki/Rolf_Martin_Zinkernagel" title="Rolf Martin Zinkernagel">Rolf Martin Zinkernagel</a> (1996)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stanley_B._Prusiner" title="Stanley B. Prusiner">Stanley B. Prusiner</a> (1997)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Furchgott" title="Robert F. Furchgott">Robert F. Furchgott</a> / <a href="/wiki/Louis_Ignarro" title="Louis Ignarro">Louis Ignarro</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ferid_Murad" title="Ferid Murad">Ferid Murad</a> (1998)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Blobel" title="Günter Blobel">Günter Blobel</a> (1999)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arvid_Carlsson" title="Arvid Carlsson">Arvid Carlsson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Greengard" title="Paul Greengard">Paul Greengard</a> / <a href="/wiki/Eric_Kandel" title="Eric Kandel">Eric Kandel</a> (2000)</span></li></div> </td> </tr><tr class="navbox-padding"><td></td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group">2001–2025</td> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist"> <div> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Leland_H._Hartwell" title="Leland H. Hartwell">Leland H. Hartwell</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tim_Hunt" title="Tim Hunt">Tim Hunt</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Nurse" title="Paul Nurse">Paul Nurse</a> (2001)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sydney_Brenner" title="Sydney Brenner">Sydney Brenner</a> / <a href="/wiki/H._Robert_Horvitz" title="H. Robert Horvitz">H. Robert Horvitz</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Sulston" title="John Sulston">John Sulston</a> (2002)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Lauterbur" title="Paul Lauterbur">Paul Lauterbur</a> / <a href="/wiki/Peter_Mansfield" title="Peter Mansfield">Peter Mansfield</a> (2003)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Axel" title="Richard Axel">Richard Axel</a> / <a href="/wiki/Linda_B._Buckov%C3%A1" title="Linda B. Bucková">Linda B. Bucková</a> (2004)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barry_Marshall" title="Barry Marshall">Barry Marshall</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robin_Warren" title="Robin Warren">Robin Warren</a> (2005)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Z._Fire" title="Andrew Z. Fire">Andrew Z. Fire</a> / <a href="/wiki/Craig_C._Mello" title="Craig C. Mello">Craig C. Mello</a> (2006)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mario_Capecchi" title="Mario Capecchi">Mario Capecchi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Martin_Evans" title="Martin Evans">Martin Evans</a> / <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Smithies" title="Oliver Smithies">Oliver Smithies</a> (2007)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harald_zur_Hausen" title="Harald zur Hausen">Harald zur Hausen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise_Barr%C3%A9-Sinoussiov%C3%A1" title="Françoise Barré-Sinoussiová">Françoise Barré-Sinoussiová</a> / <a href="/wiki/Luc_Montagnier" title="Luc Montagnier">Luc Montagnier</a> (2008)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Blackburnov%C3%A1" title="Elizabeth Blackburnová">Elizabeth Blackburnová</a> / <a href="/wiki/Carol_W._Greiderov%C3%A1" title="Carol W. Greiderová">Carol W. Greiderová</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jack_W._Szostak" title="Jack W. Szostak">Jack W. Szostak</a> (2009)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_G._Edwards" title="Robert G. Edwards">Robert G. Edwards</a> (2010)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Beutler" title="Bruce Beutler">Bruce Beutler</a> / <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jules A. Hoffmann</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ralph_M._Steinman" title="Ralph M. Steinman">Ralph M. Steinman</a> (2011)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Gurdon" title="John Gurdon">John Gurdon</a> / <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0in%E2%80%99ja_Jamanaka" title="Šin’ja Jamanaka">Šin’ja Jamanaka</a> (2012)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Rothman" title="James Rothman">James Rothman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Randy_Schekman" title="Randy Schekman">Randy Schekman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Thomas_S%C3%BCdhof" title="Thomas Südhof">Thomas Südhof</a> (2013)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_O%27Keefe" title="John O'Keefe">John O'Keefe</a> / <a href="/wiki/May-Britt_Moserov%C3%A1" title="May-Britt Moserová">May-Britt Moserová</a> / <a href="/wiki/Edvard_Moser" title="Edvard Moser">Edvard Moser</a> (2014)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_C._Campbell" title="William C. Campbell">William C. Campbell</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sato%C5%A1i_%C3%93mura" title="Satoši Ómura">Satoši Ómura</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tchu_Jou-jou" title="Tchu Jou-jou">Tchu Jou-jou</a> (2015)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jo%C5%A1inori_%C3%93sumi" title="Jošinori Ósumi">Jošinori Ósumi</a> (2016)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_C._Hall" title="Jeffrey C. Hall">Jeffrey C. Hall</a> / <a href="/wiki/Michael_Rosbash" title="Michael Rosbash">Michael Rosbash</a> / <a href="/wiki/Michael_W._Young" title="Michael W. Young">Michael W. Young</a> (2017)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_P._Allison" title="James P. Allison">James P. Allison</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tasuku_Hond%C5%BE%C3%B3" title="Tasuku Hondžó">Tasuku Hondžó</a> (2018)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gregg_L._Semenza" title="Gregg L. Semenza">Gregg L. Semenza</a> / <a href="/wiki/Peter_J._Ratcliffe" title="Peter J. Ratcliffe">Peter J. Ratcliffe</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_Kaelin" title="William Kaelin">William Kaelin</a> (2019)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harvey_J._Alter" title="Harvey J. Alter">Harvey J. Alter</a> / <a href="/wiki/Michael_Houghton" title="Michael Houghton">Michael Houghton</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_M._Rice" title="Charles M. Rice">Charles M. Rice</a> (2020)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Julius" title="David Julius">David Julius</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ardem_Patapoutian" title="Ardem Patapoutian">Ardem Patapoutian</a> (2021)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Svante_P%C3%A4%C3%A4bo" title="Svante Pääbo">Svante Pääbo</a> (2022)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Katalin_Karik%C3%B3ov%C3%A1" title="Katalin Karikóová">Katalin Karikóová</a> / <a href="/wiki/Drew_Weissman" title="Drew Weissman">Drew Weissman</a> (2023)</span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Victor_Ambros" title="Victor Ambros">Victor Ambros</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gary_Ruvkun" title="Gary Ruvkun">Gary Ruvkun</a> (2024)</span></li></div> </td> </tr></tbody></table> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23078045">.mw-parser-output .navbox2{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1218148">1218148</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/200218928">200218928</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/WorldCat" title="WorldCat">WorldCat Entities</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJvd3rDf7wBvM3fpY94Xh3">E39PBJvd3rDf7wBvM3fpY94Xh3</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16915398">.mw-parser-output div/**/#portallinks a{font-weight:bold}</style><div id="portallinks" class="catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Port%C3%A1l:Obsah" title="Portál:Obsah">Portály</a>: <a href="/wiki/Port%C3%A1l:Medic%C3%ADna" title="Portál:Medicína">Medicína</a> </div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by 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