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mw-editable page-Obşina rootpage-Obşina skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">İçeriğe atla</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Ana menü" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ana menü" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ana menü</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Ana menü</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">kenar çubuğuna taşı</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">gizle</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Gezinti </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Anasayfa" title="Anasayfayı ziyaret et [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Anasayfa</span></a></li><li id="n-Hakkımızda" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vikipedi:Hakk%C4%B1nda"><span>Hakkımızda</span></a></li><li id="n-İçindekiler" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vikipedi:G%C3%B6z_at"><span>İçindekiler</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:Rastgele" title="Rastgele bir sayfaya gidin [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Rastgele madde</span></a></li><li id="n-Seçkin-içerik" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vikipedi:Se%C3%A7kin_i%C3%A7erik"><span>Seçkin içerik</span></a></li><li id="n-Yakınımdakiler" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:Yak%C4%B1n%C4%B1mdakiler"><span>Yakınımdakiler</span></a></li><li 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href="/wiki/Vikipedi:Topluluk_portali" title="Proje hakkında, neler yapabilirsiniz, ne nerededir"><span>Topluluk portali</span></a></li><li id="n-shop-text" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//shop.wikimedia.org"><span>Wikimedia dükkânı</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Yard%C4%B1m:%C4%B0%C3%A7indekiler" title="Yardım almak için"><span>Yardım</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Anasayfa" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Vikipedi" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-tr.svg" style="width: 6.6875em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Özgür Ansiklopedi" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-tr.svg" width="104" height="13" style="width: 6.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> 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type="search" name="search" placeholder="Vikipedi üzerinde ara" aria-label="Vikipedi üzerinde ara" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Vikipedi içinde ara [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Özel:Ara"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Ara</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Kişisel araçlar"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Görünüm"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Sayfanın yazı tipi boyutunun, genişliğinin ve renginin görünümünü değiştirin" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Görünüm" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Görünüm</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=tr.wikipedia.org&uselang=tr" class=""><span>Bağış yapın</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96zel:HesapOlu%C5%9Ftur&returnto=Ob%C5%9Fina" title="Bir hesap oluşturup oturum açmanız tavsiye edilmektedir ancak bu zorunlu değildir" class=""><span>Hesap oluştur</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96zel:Kullan%C4%B1c%C4%B1OturumuA%C3%A7ma&returnto=Ob%C5%9Fina" title="Oturum açmanız tavsiye edilmektedir; ancak bu zorunlu değildir [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Oturum aç</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Daha fazla seçenek" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Kişisel araçlar" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span 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href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96zel:Kullan%C4%B1c%C4%B1OturumuA%C3%A7ma&returnto=Ob%C5%9Fina" title="Oturum açmanız tavsiye edilmektedir; ancak bu zorunlu değildir [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Oturum aç</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Çıkış yapmış editörler için sayfalar <a href="/wiki/Yard%C4%B1m:Giri%C5%9F" aria-label="Değişiklik yapma hakkında daha fazla bilgi edinin"><span>daha fazla bilgi</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:Katk%C4%B1lar%C4%B1m" title="Bu IP adresinden yapılmış değişiklikler listesi [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Katkılar</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:MesajSayfam" title="Bu IP adresindeki 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id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">İçindekiler</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">kenar çubuğuna taşı</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">gizle</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Giriş</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Tarihçesi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tarihçesi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Tarihçesi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tarihçesi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Yapısı" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Yapısı"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Yapısı</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yapısı-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-İlgili_görüşler" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#İlgili_görüşler"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>İlgili görüşler</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-İlgili_görüşler-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kaynakça" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kaynakça"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Kaynakça</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kaynakça-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ayrıca_bakınız" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ayrıca_bakınız"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Ayrıca bakınız</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ayrıca_bakınız-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="İçindekiler" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="İçindekiler" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="İçindekiler tablosunu değiştir" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">İçindekiler tablosunu değiştir</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Obşina</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Başka bir dildeki sayfaya gidin. 23 dilde mevcut" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-23" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">23 dil</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A" title="مجتمع الفلاحيين الروسي - Arapça" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مجتمع الفلاحيين الروسي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arapça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Сельская грамада - Belarusça" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сельская грамада" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obsxina" title="Obsxina - Katalanca" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Obsxina" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ob%C5%A1%C4%8Dina" title="Obščina - Çekçe" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Obščina" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Çekçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mir_(Dorfgemeinschaft)" title="Mir (Dorfgemeinschaft) - Almanca" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mir (Dorfgemeinschaft)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Almanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obshchina" title="Obshchina - İngilizce" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Obshchina" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="İngilizce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mir_(comunidad)" title="Mir (comunidad) - İspanyolca" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Mir (comunidad)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="İspanyolca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyl%C3%A4kunta" title="Kyläkunta - Fince" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kyläkunta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fince" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mir_(communaut%C3%A9)" title="Mir (communauté) - Fransızca" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mir (communauté)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Fransızca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="ओब्श्चीना - Hintçe" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ओब्श्चीना" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hintçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ob%C5%A1%C4%8Dina" title="Obščina - İtalyanca" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Obščina" data-language-autonym="İtaliano" data-language-local-name="İtalyanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>İtaliano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9F%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB_(%E8%BE%B2%E6%9D%91%E5%85%B1%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%93)" title="ミール (農村共同体) - Japonca" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ミール (農村共同体)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EB%A5%B4_(%EA%B3%B5%EB%8F%99%EC%B2%B4)" title="미르 (공동체) - Korece" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="미르 (공동체)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korece" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obsjtsjina" title="Obsjtsjina - Felemenkçe" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Obsjtsjina" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Felemenkçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mir_(comunautat)" title="Mir (comunautat) - Oksitan dili" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Mir (comunautat)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Oksitan dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obszczina" title="Obszczina - Lehçe" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Obszczina" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Lehçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obshchina" title="Obshchina - Portekizce" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Obshchina" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portekizce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ob%C8%99cina" title="Obșcina - Rumence" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Obșcina" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumence" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Сельское общество - Rusça" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сельское общество" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ob%C4%8Dina_(Rusko)" title="Občina (Rusko) - Slovakça" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Občina (Rusko)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovakça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%88%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Обшчина - Sırpça" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Обшчина" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Sırpça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_(%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%83)" title="Община (система миру) - Ukraynaca" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Община (система миру)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraynaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E6%9D%91%E7%A4%BE" title="俄罗斯村社 - Çince" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="俄罗斯村社" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Çince" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1038910#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Dillerarası bağlantıları değiştir" class="wbc-editpage">Bağlantıları değiştir</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ad alanları"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ob%C5%9Fina" title="İçerik sayfasını göster [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Madde</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tart%C4%B1%C5%9Fma:Ob%C5%9Fina" rel="discussion" title="İçerik ile ilgili tartışma [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Tartışma</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Dil varyantını değiştir" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Türkçe</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Görünüm"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ob%C5%9Fina"><span>Oku</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ob%C5%9Fina&veaction=edit" title="Bu sayfayı değiştir [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Değiştir</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ob%C5%9Fina&action=edit" title="Bu sayfanın kaynak kodunu düzenleyin [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Kaynağı değiştir</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ob%C5%9Fina&action=history" title="Bu sayfanın geçmiş sürümleri [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Geçmişi gör</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sayfa araçları"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Vikipedi, özgür ansiklopedi</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="tr" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:KorovinS_NaMiru.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/KorovinS_NaMiru.jpg/250px-KorovinS_NaMiru.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="278" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/KorovinS_NaMiru.jpg/375px-KorovinS_NaMiru.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/KorovinS_NaMiru.jpg/500px-KorovinS_NaMiru.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="1554" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sergey_Korovin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sergey Korovin (sayfa mevcut değil)">Sergey Korovin</a>'in <i>Obşina</i> adlı eseri (1893)</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Obşina</b> (<a href="/wiki/Rus%C3%A7a" title="Rusça">Rusça</a>: <i>община</i>) veya <b>Mir</b> (<a href="/wiki/Rus%C3%A7a" title="Rusça">Rusça</a>: <i>мир</i>) 19 ve 20. yüzyıllarda <a href="/wiki/%C3%87arl%C4%B1k_Rusyas%C4%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Çarlık Rusyası">Çarlık Rusyasında</a> kırsal bölgelerde görülen ortaklaşa idare edilen köylü <a href="/wiki/Kom%C3%BCn_(sosyoloji)" title="Komün (sosyoloji)">komünleridir</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tarihçesi"><span id="Tarih.C3.A7esi"></span>Tarihçesi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ob%C5%9Fina&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Tarihçesi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ob%C5%9Fina&action=edit&section=1" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Tarihçesi"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Obşina kavramı Rus kültürüne içkin ve kökenleri eski <a href="/wiki/Slavlar" title="Slavlar">Slav</a> toplumlarına giden bir uygulamadır. Obşina şeklindeki toprak mülkiyeti toprağa bağlı <a href="/wiki/Serf" title="Serf">serfliği</a> öncelemektedir. 181 yılında Rusya'da <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6yl%C3%BC_serfli%C4%9Finin_kald%C4%B1r%C4%B1lmas%C4%B1" title="Köylü serfliğinin kaldırılması">Köylü serfliğinin kaldırılmasından</a> önce obşinada serfler ve özgür köylüler birlikte bulunabilirdi. Serflere özgürlük verilmesinden sonra köylülerin obşinaya bağlılığı ve köy seviyesinde idari olarak bağımlı durumu değişmemiştir. Obşina bileşenleri sadece kişisel olarak yükümlülükleri değil toplu şekilde sorumlulukların yerine getirilmesi durumundaydı. Obşina yapısı <a href="/wiki/Stolypin" class="mw-redirect" title="Stolypin">Stolypin</a> tarafından yürütülen tarım reformu uygulamaları kapsamında tasfiye edilmiştir, <a href="/wiki/Ekim_Devrimi" title="Ekim Devrimi">Ekim Devriminin</a> ardından kurulan <a href="/wiki/Reel_sosyalizm" title="Reel sosyalizm">reel sosyalizmde</a> ise tarımsal ekonomide <a href="/wiki/Sovyetler_Birli%C4%9Fi%27nde_kolektivizasyon" title="Sovyetler Birliği'nde kolektivizasyon">kolektivizasyon</a> gerçekleştirilmiştir. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Yapısı"><span id="Yap.C4.B1s.C4.B1"></span>Yapısı</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ob%C5%9Fina&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Yapısı" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ob%C5%9Fina&action=edit&section=2" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Yapısı"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Obşina, <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cretim_bi%C3%A7imi" title="Üretim biçimi">üretim biçimi</a> olarak köylü tarımsal emeğine dayanmaktadır. Köylü emekçinin ailesi ve bağlı bulunduğu toplulukla kurduğu ilişki burada belirleyici olur. Obşinada genellikle evlilikler üzerinden aileler arasında birliktelikler inşa edilmiştir. Genellikle ailenin en yaşlı bireyi obşinayı oluşturan toprakların gelecek nesiller arasında yeniden pay edilmesi işini üstlenir. Aileler ayrıca biraraya gelerek devlete verilecek vergilerin daha adil dağılması için çaba gösterir. Obşina çapında yapılan emek ve ürün dağılımı sayesinde yeni kurulan bir ailenin ayakta kalması sağlanırken, olağanüstü koşullarda ortaya çıkan krizlerin yıkıcı etkisi de toplu müdahale sayesinde törpülenir. Her aileye düşen görev ve sorumluluklar kayıt altına alınır, görevlerin yanı sıra şenlikler vb. de planlanırdı. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="İlgili_görüşler"><span id=".C4.B0lgili_g.C3.B6r.C3.BC.C5.9Fler"></span>İlgili görüşler</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ob%C5%9Fina&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: İlgili görüşler" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ob%C5%9Fina&action=edit&section=3" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: İlgili görüşler"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Kom%C3%BCnizm" title="Komünizm">Komünizmin</a> fikirsel kurucularından <a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Karl Marx</a>, Rusya'daki ekonomik koşullara dair çağdaşı devrimcilerle görüşürken Rusya'daki obşina sisteminin önünü kesen unsurların kaldırılması koşuluyla ülkedeki toplumsal gelişim için gereken içeriği nüve halinde taşıdığını yazmıştır.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kaynakça"><span id="Kaynak.C3.A7a"></span>Kaynakça</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ob%C5%9Fina&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Kaynakça" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ob%C5%9Fina&action=edit&section=4" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Kaynakça"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r32805677">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-count:2}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-count:3}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikirouge.net/texts/en/Letter_to_Vera_Zasulich,_March_8,_1881">8 Mart 1881 tarihinde Vera Zasuliç'e yazdığı mektuptan</a> 3 Şubat 2023 tarihinde <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> sitesinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230203142245/https://wikirouge.net/texts/en/Letter_to_Vera_Zasulich,_March_8,_1881">arşivlendi</a>. <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:inherit;">(İngilizce)</span> 3 Şubat 2023 tarihinde erişilmiştir</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ayrıca_bakınız"><span id="Ayr.C4.B1ca_bak.C4.B1n.C4.B1z"></span>Ayrıca bakınız</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ob%C5%9Fina&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Ayrıca bakınız" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ob%C5%9Fina&action=edit&section=5" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Ayrıca bakınız"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kolhoz" title="Kolhoz">Kolhoz</a></li></ul></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">"<a dir="ltr" href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Obşina&oldid=33583397">https://tr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Obşina&oldid=33583397</a>" sayfasından alınmıştır</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:Kategoriler" title="Özel:Kategoriler">Kategori</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:%C3%87al%C4%B1%C5%9Fma_ekonomisi" title="Kategori:Çalışma ekonomisi">Çalışma ekonomisi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Rusya%27n%C4%B1n_ekonomi_tarihi" title="Kategori:Rusya'nın ekonomi tarihi">Rusya'nın ekonomi tarihi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Tar%C4%B1m_ekonomisi" title="Kategori:Tarım ekonomisi">Tarım ekonomisi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:T%C3%BCrlerine_g%C3%B6re_idari_b%C3%B6l%C3%BCmler" title="Kategori:Türlerine göre idari bölümler">Türlerine göre idari bölümler</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Gizli kategori: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Webar%C5%9Fiv_%C5%9Fablonu_wayback_ba%C4%9Flant%C4%B1lar%C4%B1" title="Kategori:Webarşiv şablonu wayback bağlantıları">Webarşiv şablonu wayback bağlantıları</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Sayfa en son 09.42, 28 Temmuz 2024 tarihinde değiştirildi.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Metin <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.tr">Creative Commons Atıf-AynıLisanslaPaylaş Lisansı</a> altındadır ve ek koşullar uygulanabilir. 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