CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '913408b82c4afd32',cH: 'sCz_5sAMN5362TCeF1Yy8DMHzjYPRWO.5q7aj40u8cw-1739777027-1.2.1.1-4enVzUEWj4KevSVXMLq0.OsQ1mSbmbA53K7UybL26iHYeP6ygER3.iCK_KGP7Gm7',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=risk&__cf_chl_tk=.U52HyLFrbirFBTdR2BUowWK340hEsC3DroejWTn0Vc-1739777027-1.0.1.1-zh3LhmJJGrNzQh2_GMUwdE.XA.KEz4jP.ZQCIfQN2P8",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739777027',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=risk&__cf_chl_f_tk=.U52HyLFrbirFBTdR2BUowWK340hEsC3DroejWTn0Vc-1739777027-1.0.1.1-zh3LhmJJGrNzQh2_GMUwdE.XA.KEz4jP.ZQCIfQN2P8",md: "JrdkT_yBZallv2dGNQnt1ksW8zVUXO_v9UWxe9nzv.0-1739777027-1.2.1.1-iyEwmiiWvRL9i7KY6mKRh0XAXn8vM3z6d7eYhzX39rJiElsacVYD4K7S5XjjXdltfj.FiZeTtneSsX2RrUPW109dt5AELkadQvNUKr2gjxGeajlbLYi1QRCDlWxE.tCOrGMk0KmXtK5Pudg08DdcrZj8APyPdGNiCvDPc51XMTG0D3lO0L._GPFzCTtltWHj3G7zzCML77IvrVrs2BA2Jru7ApxvmA4C0K9GNTn2CsJwWAjc9zVPOeOgDWW_7bGoeyvMo26Uh9ugBxcBtqZ8eaQ_Esn6WojTovJ9QlHilKeyw.CwVqmmDCN1mrzfa6K6zJushGb99jA4gVuFB6RmGSYPuniSPyMhmcSirujv2tH0ACGuhJrbZ0IwofPwXHrlHLghukcBRcRcMJ5hj5SSvI2GP1d8squcsjm8nYnnYxY7OibVJetqgGQ1HLh2TOuRBKPoE6aQP.QHUFcq9A5K6VF4jjTb4QF8QABK40UOhRQRSqJIdXyZDW2XjyK4wkUWCynpBe2xyXoPNJk7HC8RpDv2p0uMGYO.DNpJAmCPL6.cPKb0a8cQNo2tLmT.zLklr87ZofXOThuGQPuTIui38MK4POC.vCvWiWjMoFjUJjDw014.V1yD_5NubmOyvifb4KlWgKMdnafj_mzQVTkRC4b0rm53zDdH28zLA2nPoPAasB96SkxFP3I90R7rYCqMKoa6xFpJfgbjRE_rqJsp0gF0m5iuuSzW5V1UeM4b.ocbuF6L.qQ67Zj3BUzeamFniRNfCrSyjGJt7IPYuF_0RxtIyM.8I6P8ubS5azXIT3fX67NWMbhMM8yaksF15DFqTIDgZ.pzI1zO0Eoi6zDaOEcq6jhxfEkSN_Qi0Tn4IPOnozlMoae27ydCiqawN2zuojMotrwQh7m25UCybspCVR9DAH2Dh.vRkHdeBE4wCZ1X2s_GEpXQDnsHmldKaxzXncd9r0Hu_fGk3iXDT2gY2CEKTSB.Ri1g79_lsDEQo6ydwZ33U9bo8bsngxt8n3.l6Y9joQ0BdLMmQ.zkZasdwXd8piNyPs_fGBIPuz0M2b23SeV8Pt_3m1NWQvZUhlYSebaJvhlzOumfMZUzQj_tE.k51YRRjGpUYU5sMXkh633hehOvMVUqZPthZQQKN6V.fcpV1d5GhKm0GScOxJ_BQDQXKyx10vUFnCW2QXELGMJB5jxmc7VYPwFde1i3XEU3F_RW4U_BMFdRM1M0RVpf2uF7KBTXep2jDot1Zju7uzJ6aIInf9LiSBYjPdHHQVwx4QDy9ca8B6pHbXXsb8pPL2ndqWQEYXjQVmB8e9zNsqfGBNuof_K9UtQv3ePbt0BMMLeIK.YuFaOk_htNtNrTHn5CNuKw16.mk2Zv_jaf0gFF7LL6ZxzxUXqzL5HPBir2Uu5LJx0elOVgbalcbH24SKDPYDSecwzz_oTsyscVO5RSV4ed0QMDsxBUxVIbms6BiCOIRH3jYxzbfs2AOdHcMomv5.RZ2Hh29obvwQ.OHIS8q1jzxdKTX5LULRyGoeO9szDjXGxU83I8kwIJfST388YC6XCGV3rXBJWIqO4dB07M4VrMqVf0C9PhfJF5KUe12Ji4aunrdoaBc7F8FXPDjPfqyTOuUHDC8Cg7FmQqCKNAZGelPxjyW0oOUSX_Y_NHcwSHe702_nivm44y42vK69aJ5sssu2K8zUC9uy5E1Gm8CPSZF.9BD7TPH0Gy94Ngwn1DLpZ9MJwfOR2L0p_ugIG75CpyxEtDcDDm.l501RJaQJCT4rvLdusaSNI37.uUFzoPvnkDSp5UYSZtMD4CXKtHEO6Tp0lW9vGy6EDZ3suTPDvLIPGKGRJW8CVdfH5t0p8SA_kfG8hV3cqpjslnwTe.wvjl4ZmlqOHffpn8O2ltqoF8PvON5zHKMYqJRokc",mdrd: "mr2UK.wpK1dzvs4KuLTiW3fVYG3TQLRCcKLAdOiZ4.o-1739777027-1.2.1.1-QcJyWmnT6Oy.12zcNP7J6AIzWMIxq6o1tA24KloIVIJetO5vYbDoHD0knyi0sF52AM_29X6OhsmEugGiX6KobuRrtdMTE2l7Ff_6A.zEN1M7wTN1IZjn2JQN1l4t6DOJC_DQ7VP8hbdsyzmS2EJld_L5woucLZ85HjijPPrECic5yubX1WiTEb5N8irc4m5jNXW5hh3sZVn9Ul6CWbDatK6IJMEInidk3fftcv_XOA1thratR8c8EnDLH7PFG.Nabun43VcMlJNKiVY.8TmR2soa7ac2E3dlFSqLWlS9NvTGp4ek1oGLGztEbO49a.VMAM.vtZXvTiXU4Jg0az853O3pnrgOL9NJGwHVjPbZEsKbitnqv3hKu56bv5HiepA3mJkY69KISPKvOzTq03LqpSJkvfvtwbHNGCQyUj4RoIHUntLK6_m0RMAvlMGctapwLPR2DgB2GPXRNY_wGiz88nCoObBuKwLVYbXVdsiHXal.8ZXyZIrB7CQsTYNPjGksrqnZguIGBl4zPwF17DfkwAuxMS57XlFZxbq1UxH_3pPJkFSvJXP0HEQ_4pxDG8vPfAEejG4FNi0qLs2P6rLb7bGncwCw_SnmSmXwtX1JNOttMeW89LnUeKe_343vnNchns67Rnc0WZbEs0Y7sjEsM2lE8OCIUYYwknvM8JSr.MfKWXdjU2ySTK_qpGFyKJEW8mNI4C372336TDKcHRMFE73BemMPSew2lKI7p2lhkyYI0ZH08QTPiqUR87bYcbPGFYXHP8V_1OPy1lp_cMFQmk9WNk_L0oAz4a3o6ine4h1A5JFlqK.2ak8My02.rAvhnE6B_LYXdHReRxAStGTXVKQ0Yky6Ony2AvQfYfyRfakdOU74O8Z0HB.KHE.89CjHe5JCIWjzz0Pgr7NOnNuiMntveJYd23ol6UGSCm0smH2A4tbDBZkPorgmSL7.DCD82s8.IWLkvKMdrvJ8VnrEMDeIVUT8_6.RCXZG1l8urz5Y1OjorZwFwWcQF7kqySZrttt1hrZFdyOVx5cCFQHUty3ULu_ZneUO_zJpsji3BrRkiT73kfgMD7xVIWrVKrgfPpFaUJKSfKV3vMx9yieNECosdEiXSnPQJy51iE.9f7U5X5TNs7Mgodea2v.s8YDQ8n9hXu.pC5cGVr5zya9SpuedgPbNSqIynGZ3Izabcj1lxU6VMk9AWdW0I5QZapycNw2Q6.u8bo2fgElQselDV323lFy3Jyxy8clXjc4TLtoi0gcJqAtxuOISzLriSyg1kjHlwr5y.bkBPefH79NN9mRNkLsNGAHJf_j7Dj8hK3fjBsrdDgnu0I77lmhsRjAcVIHdwmE9wE6DCH_uPQ4n84coJl3fn4gLbVuKYdv9gZZzPIscFlW1sYgLX3y8NKO_koQf7N3qawLebLkYio0uF3Y3TgxjJ4Vn0c3PY4PbR.OJzp9wC.ztbDUauQ53zhokkmSTBQ_LHgDdJOTpnWkUi0WjbZ0PmHTVblA5IBAsLKf2PCrCGfjUVV2mszHy560gejjMo9JouE5b09Yv7fTaO3i2sKOMgSo9O4yyI_Bpstv_3TSTQT7_XX6wSZAGN23dHmUEIwlMLzpuFJXTb8Xd9CG7kQ6IILSMcObRDBxuLc2K3JZvwJok0ll1Xiose7PlX9F5Wglbyv68gcD9KBZ2a8E8IbSQjV_NilIUulwwuka3A_O1ZJSOyL.GaLmpROtDBc5z9OHbQKKZkaZsXzP0x1xmtHx2ea_gENTe5jcx915B6YLc0fNTejD0J5lefJI2BVULv2Brl89OqoRWHfsjOOOBUVcl6mNlAcew0ZKYFlTpUsIY2S7RrmPQHCNbQ1Dpl6dWWnJQ1VJWmPCIJo5fZzcHlNgJKueU4RnqSAOZ7TbfDLhFL0lHdyi9mKAUs.Lqtpy60NADrg1QQ9RgeZ8.613E0ByORgngZT8vuvGrTBOdADmQzG6LY5ZbFj015Eme2.EpxQ6r4KBeqfXiObu8nA"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=913408b82c4afd32';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=risk&__cf_chl_rt_tk=.U52HyLFrbirFBTdR2BUowWK340hEsC3DroejWTn0Vc-1739777027-1.0.1.1-zh3LhmJJGrNzQh2_GMUwdE.XA.KEz4jP.ZQCIfQN2P8" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>