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Literatura romana d'Orient - Viquipèdia, l'enciclopèdia lliure

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class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Influències</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Influències-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Grega" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grega"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Grega</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Grega-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Romana" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Romana"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Romana</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Romana-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cristiana" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cristiana"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Cristiana</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cristiana-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oriental" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oriental"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Oriental</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oriental-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referències" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referències"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Referències</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referències-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contingut" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Commuta la taula de continguts." > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Commuta la taula de continguts.</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Literatura romana d'Orient</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vés a un article en una altra llengua. Disponible en 31 llengües" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-31" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">31 llengües</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%AF%D8%A8_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%8A" title="أدب بيزنطي - àrab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أدب بيزنطي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="àrab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lliteratura_bizantina" title="Lliteratura bizantina - asturià" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Lliteratura bizantina" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bizans_%C9%99d%C9%99biyyat%C4%B1" title="Bizans ədəbiyyatı - azerbaidjanès" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Bizans ədəbiyyatı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaidjanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Византийска литература - búlgar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Византийска литература" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantsk%C3%A1_literatura" title="Byzantská literatura - txec" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Byzantská literatura" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantinische_Literatur" title="Byzantinische Literatur - alemany" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Byzantinische Literatur" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemany" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CF%8C%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%B1_%CE%B2%CF%85%CE%B6%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%AE_%CE%B3%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Λόγια βυζαντινή γραμματεία - grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Λόγια βυζαντινή γραμματεία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_literature" title="Byzantine literature - anglès" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Byzantine literature" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literatura_bizantina" title="Literatura bizantina - espanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Literatura bizantina" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bizantziar_literatura" title="Bizantziar literatura - basc" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bizantziar literatura" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bysantin_kirjallisuus" title="Bysantin kirjallisuus - finès" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Bysantin kirjallisuus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litt%C3%A9rature_byzantine" title="Littérature byzantine - francès" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Littérature byzantine" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literatura_bizantina" title="Literatura bizantina - gallec" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Literatura bizantina" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="gallec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bizantska_knji%C5%BEevnost" title="Bizantska književnost - croat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Bizantska književnost" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biz%C3%A1nci_irodalom" title="Bizánci irodalom - hongarès" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Bizánci irodalom" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongarès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letteratura_bizantina" title="Letteratura bizantina - italià" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Letteratura bizantina" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litterae_Graecae_Byzantinae" title="Litterae Graecae Byzantinae - llatí" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Litterae Graecae Byzantinae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="llatí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantijnse_literatuur" title="Byzantijnse literatuur - neerlandès" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Byzantijnse literatuur" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bysantinsk_litteratur" title="Bysantinsk litteratur - noruec bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bysantinsk litteratur" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="noruec bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literatura_bizantina" title="Literatura bizantina - occità" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Literatura bizantina" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occità" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literatura_bizanty%C5%84ska" title="Literatura bizantyńska - polonès" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Literatura bizantyńska" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literatura_bizantina" title="Literatura bizantina - portuguès" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Literatura bizantina" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portuguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Византийская литература - rus" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Византийская литература" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vizantijska_knji%C5%BEevnost" title="Vizantijska književnost - serbocroat" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Vizantijska književnost" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbocroat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_literature" title="Byzantine literature - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Byzantine literature" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantsk%C3%A1_literat%C3%BAra" title="Byzantská literatúra - eslovac" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Byzantská literatúra" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vizantijska_knji%C5%BEevnost" title="Vizantijska književnost - serbi" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Vizantijska književnost" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bysantinsk_litteratur" title="Bysantinsk litteratur - suec" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bysantinsk litteratur" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Візантійська література - ucraïnès" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Візантійська література" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraïnès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%9C%E5%8D%A0%E5%BA%AD%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6" title="拜占庭文学 - xinès wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="拜占庭文学" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="xinès wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%9C%E5%8D%A0%E5%BA%AD%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6" title="拜占庭文学 - xinès" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="拜占庭文学" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="xinès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2265137#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica enllaços interlingües" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica els enllaços</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espais de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon 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class="mw-redirectedfrom">(S'ha redirigit des de: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Literatura_bizantina&amp;redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Literatura bizantina">Literatura bizantina</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ca" dir="ltr"><p>La <b>literatura romana d'Orient</b> comprèn tota la <a href="/wiki/Literatura" title="Literatura">literatura</a> de l'<a href="/wiki/Imperi_Rom%C3%A0_d%27Orient" title="Imperi Romà d&#39;Orient">Imperi Romà d'Orient</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bizantí_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bizantí-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>nota 1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Principalment està escrita en <a href="/wiki/Grec" title="Grec">grec</a>, malgrat que també hi ha algunes obres en <a href="/wiki/Llat%C3%AD" title="Llatí">llatí</a>, com per exemple el <i><a href="/wiki/Corpus_Juris_Civilis" class="mw-redirect" title="Corpus Juris Civilis">Corpus Juris Civilis</a></i>. </p><p>La producció literària de l'Imperi Romà d'Orient fou ingent, com ho demostra el fet que n'hagin perdurat gairebé 40.000&#160;manuscrits fins avui en dia malgrat la degradació dels seus suports i la destrucció de nombroses obres en guerres, alçaments i altres episodis violents.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERuiz-DomènecHernández_de_la_FuenteGarcía202299_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERuiz-DomènecHernández_de_la_FuenteGarcía202299-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Influències"><span id="Influ.C3.A8ncies"></span>Influències</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literatura_romana_d%27Orient&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Modifica la secció: Influències"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La literatura romana d'Orient és l'expressió intel·lectual de l'hel·lenitzat <a href="/wiki/Imperi_Rom%C3%A0_d%27Orient" title="Imperi Romà d&#39;Orient">Imperi Romà d'Orient</a>. Aquesta comunitat romana d'Orient consistia en la combinació d'una civilització grega i una de cristiana; i s'organitzava amb un sistema polític romà format per un cercle intel·lectual molt proper a Orient. Així doncs, la literatura romana d'Orient és present dins de quatre elements culturals distints: </p> <ul><li>L'herència intel·lectual hel·lenística</li> <li>L'organització governamental romana</li> <li>La vida espiritual i emocional cristiana</li> <li>El món de l'imaginari oriental, que comprèn els altres tres</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Grega">Grega</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literatura_romana_d%27Orient&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Modifica la secció: Grega"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>És la més antiga de les tres civilitzacions, tanmateix el seu centre cultural ja no és <a href="/wiki/Atenes" title="Atenes">Atenes</a>, sinó que passa a ser <a href="/wiki/Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a> i la civilització <a href="/wiki/Hel%C2%B7lenisme" title="Hel·lenisme">hel·lenística</a>. Alexandria, doncs, durant aquest període esdevé el nucli dels estudis àtics i de la vida grecojueva, la qual es decanta tant per Atenes com per <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>. A més a més, el període romà d'Orient permet un dualisme entre la cultura erudita i la popular. </p><p>Fins i tot la literatura hel·lenística segueix dues tendències diferents: primerament una de racionalista i erudita provinent de les escoles <a href="/wiki/Sofista" title="Sofista">sofistes</a> d'Alexandria, anomenada <a href="/wiki/Segona_Sof%C3%ADstica" title="Segona Sofística">Segona sofística</a>, que van arribar al retoricisme romàntic. En segon lloc, una de romàntica i popular arrelada a la tendència <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bucolisme&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bucolisme (encara no existeix)">bucòlica</a> de <a href="/wiki/Te%C3%B2crit_de_Siracusa" class="mw-redirect" title="Teòcrit de Siracusa">Teòcrit</a> i duta a la seva perfecció amb la novel·la idíl·lica. Ambdós corrents continuaran a l'<a href="/wiki/Imperi_Rom%C3%A0_d%27Orient" title="Imperi Romà d&#39;Orient">Imperi Romà d'Orient</a>, tanmateix la primera, oficialment reconeguda i predominant, va mantenir-se fins al final de l'imperi. </p><p>Aquesta tendència acadèmica va ser impulsada i reforçada pel moviment lingüístic reaccionari conegut com a <a href="/wiki/Aticisme" title="Aticisme">aticisme</a>, el qual imita el llenguatge i l'estil grec d'època clàssica atenenca. Aquest moviment va excel·lir la resta d'ençà el segle&#160;<span title="Nombre&#160;escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">ii</span>&#160;aC i va controlar tota la cultura grega posterior. Així doncs, la llengua grega contemporània i viva va romandre en un segon pla apareixent ocasionalment en alguns documents privats i a la literatura popular. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Romana">Romana</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literatura_romana_d%27Orient&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Modifica la secció: Romana"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mentre Alexandria n'és el centre intel·lectual, <a href="/wiki/Roma" title="Roma">Roma</a> n'és el governamental. El romans d'Orient formen part de l'<a href="/wiki/Imperi_Rom%C3%A0" title="Imperi Romà">Imperi Romà</a>; els seus ciutadans són coneguts com a <a href="/wiki/Romans_d%27Orient" title="Romans d&#39;Orient">romans</a>, la seva nova capital com a «Roma», les seves lleis eren romanes, el seu exèrcit, el seu govern. la seva llengua, la seva vida pública i privada. I l'organització de l'estat amb burocràcia i jerarquia era del període romà imperial. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cristiana">Cristiana</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literatura_romana_d%27Orient&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Modifica la secció: Cristiana"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Alexandria és el bressol del cristianisme grec oriental. En aquesta ciutat va ser traduïda al grec la versió de la Bíblia anomenada <i><a href="/wiki/Septuaginta" title="Septuaginta">Septuaginta</a>,</i> <a href="/wiki/Fil%C3%B3_d%27Alexandria" title="Filó d&#39;Alexandria">Filó d'Alexandria</a> va unir la filosofia grega i la religió jueva i va prosperar la mística especulativa del neoplatonisme relacionat amb <a href="/wiki/Plot%C3%AD" title="Plotí">Plotí</a> i <a href="/wiki/Porfiri" title="Porfiri">Porfiri</a>. </p><p>A Alexandria els grans escriptors eclesiàstics grecs van treballar braç a braç amb retòrics i filòsofs pagans. Alguns hi van néixer a la ciutat, com per exemple <a href="/wiki/Or%C3%ADgenes" title="Orígenes">Orígenes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sant_Atanasi_d%27Alexandria" title="Sant Atanasi d&#39;Alexandria">Atanasi</a> i el seu opositor <a href="/wiki/Arri" title="Arri">Arri</a>; també cal destacar <a href="/wiki/Ciril_d%27Alexandria" title="Ciril d&#39;Alexandria">Ciril</a> i <a href="/wiki/Sinesi_de_Cirene" title="Sinesi de Cirene">Sinesi</a>. Paral·lelament, dins els confins egipcis va començar a prosperar l'estil de vida <a href="/w/index.php?title=Monasticisme&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Monasticisme (encara no existeix)">monàstic</a>, és a dir, la dedicació a una religió sota unes determinades regles comunes. </p><p>Cal esmentar que <a href="/wiki/Antioquia" title="Antioquia">Antioquia</a> va mantenir un gran prestigi, ja que tenia una escola de comentaristes cristians que va prosperar gràcies a <a href="/wiki/Joan_Cris%C3%B2stom" title="Joan Crisòstom">Joan Crisòstom</a>. Va ser precisament allí on van aparèixer les darreres cròniques cristianes. Als voltants de <a href="/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_%C3%80rab_Siriana" class="mw-redirect" title="República Àrab Siriana">Síria</a> neix la poesia eclesiàstica grega i a <a href="/wiki/Palestina_(regi%C3%B3)" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestina (regió)">Palestina</a> va albergar el darrer pare de l'Església: <a href="/wiki/Joan_Damasc%C3%A8" title="Joan Damascè">Joan Damascè</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oriental">Oriental</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literatura_romana_d%27Orient&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Modifica la secció: Oriental"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>El cristianisme grec va tenir un marcat caràcter oriental. L'església grega oriental i de la civilització romana d'Orient en general va néixer a <a href="/wiki/Egipte_(prov%C3%ADncia_romana)" title="Egipte (província romana)">Egipte</a> i <a href="/wiki/S%C3%ADria_(prov%C3%ADncia_romana)" class="mw-redirect" title="Síria (província romana)">Síria</a>. Per tant, aquests dos indrets, juntament amb <a href="/wiki/Anat%C3%B2lia" title="Anatòlia">Anatòlia</a>, van convertir-se per a la civilització grega autòctona en terres de promissió que van ser el bressol de centenars de colònies, provinents de l'empobrida <a href="/wiki/Antiga_Gr%C3%A8cia" title="Antiga Grècia">Hèl·lade</a>. Aquestes colònies van superar les seves respectives ciutats natals en riquesa i cultura. Així mateix, un la immensa majoria dels autors romans d'Orient dels primers vuit segles són nats a Egipte, Síria, <a href="/wiki/Palestina" title="Palestina">Palestina</a> i <a href="/wiki/Anat%C3%B2lia" title="Anatòlia">Anatòlia</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literatura_romana_d%27Orient&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Modifica la secció: Notes"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Bizantí-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Bizantí_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Imperi_Rom%C3%A0_d%27Orient#Nom" title="Imperi Romà d&#39;Orient">Conegut igualment pel nom anacrònic de <i>Imperi Bizantí</i></a>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referències"><span id="Refer.C3.A8ncies"></span>Referències</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literatura_romana_d%27Orient&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Modifica la secció: Referències"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist &#123;&#123;#if: &#124; references-column-count references-column-count-&#123;&#123;&#123;col&#125;&#125;&#125;" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERuiz-DomènecHernández_de_la_FuenteGarcía202299-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERuiz-DomènecHernández_de_la_FuenteGarcía202299_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRuiz-DomènecHernández_de_la_FuenteGarcía2022">Ruiz-Domènec, Hernández de la Fuente i García, 2022</a>, p.&#160;99.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literatura_romana_d%27Orient&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Modifica la secció: Bibliografia"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFRuiz-DomènecHernández_de_la_FuenteGarcía2022"><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Enrique_Ruiz-Dom%C3%A8nec" title="José Enrique Ruiz-Domènec"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Ruiz-Domènec</span>, J.&#160;E.</a>;&#32;<a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Hern%C3%A1ndez_de_la_Fuente&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="David Hernández de la Fuente (encara no existeix)"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Hernández de la Fuente</span>, D.</a>;&#32;<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">García</span>, J.&#160;C.&#32;«Byzantium: De erfenis van het Romeinse Rijk»&#32;(en 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