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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Permulaan</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etimologi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etimologi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etimologi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Etimologi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Togol subbahagian Etimologi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Etimologi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tatanama" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tatanama"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Tatanama</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tatanama-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sejarah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sejarah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Sejarah</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sejarah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Simbolisme_dan_ikonografi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Simbolisme_dan_ikonografi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Simbolisme dan ikonografi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Simbolisme_dan_ikonografi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Saraswati_menjadi_sungai" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Saraswati_menjadi_sungai"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Saraswati menjadi sungai</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Saraswati_menjadi_sungai-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Manifestasi_serantau_Saraswati" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Manifestasi_serantau_Saraswati"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Manifestasi serantau Saraswati</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Manifestasi_serantau_Saraswati-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Togol subbahagian Manifestasi serantau Saraswati</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Manifestasi_serantau_Saraswati-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Avatar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Avatar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Avatar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Avatar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Maha_Saraswati" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Maha_Saraswati"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Maha Saraswati</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Maha_Saraswati-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mahavidya_Nila_Saraswati" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mahavidya_Nila_Saraswati"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Mahavidya Nila Saraswati</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mahavidya_Nila_Saraswati-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sharada_avatar_di_Kashmir_dan_Haryana" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sharada_avatar_di_Kashmir_dan_Haryana"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Sharada avatar di Kashmir dan Haryana</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sharada_avatar_di_Kashmir_dan_Haryana-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Menyembah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Menyembah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Menyembah</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Menyembah-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Togol subbahagian Menyembah</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Menyembah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kuil" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kuil"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Kuil</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kuil-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Perayaan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Perayaan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Perayaan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Perayaan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Saraswati_Puja_di_Timur_dan_Timur_Laut_India" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Saraswati_Puja_di_Timur_dan_Timur_Laut_India"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.1</span> <span>Saraswati Puja di Timur dan Timur Laut India</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Saraswati_Puja_di_Timur_dan_Timur_Laut_India-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Saraswati_Puja_di_Utara,_Barat_dan_Tengah_India" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Saraswati_Puja_di_Utara,_Barat_dan_Tengah_India"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.2</span> <span>Saraswati Puja di Utara, Barat dan Tengah India</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Saraswati_Puja_di_Utara,_Barat_dan_Tengah_India-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Saraswati_Puja_di_India_Selatan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Saraswati_Puja_di_India_Selatan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.3</span> <span>Saraswati Puja di India Selatan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Saraswati_Puja_di_India_Selatan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Di_luar_benua_India" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Di_luar_benua_India"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Di luar benua India</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Di_luar_benua_India-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Togol subbahagian Di luar benua India</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Di_luar_benua_India-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Myanmar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Myanmar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Myanmar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Myanmar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jepun" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jepun"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Jepun</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jepun-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kemboja" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kemboja"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Kemboja</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kemboja-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Thailand" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Thailand"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Thailand</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Thailand-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indonesia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indonesia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5</span> <span>Indonesia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indonesia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tibet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tibet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.6</span> <span>Tibet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tibet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lihat_juga" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lihat_juga"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Lihat juga</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lihat_juga-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Petikan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Petikan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Petikan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Petikan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rujukan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rujukan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Rujukan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rujukan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bacaan_lanjut" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bacaan_lanjut"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Bacaan lanjut</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bacaan_lanjut-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pautan_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pautan_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Pautan luar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pautan_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Kandungan" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Togol isi kandungan" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Togol isi kandungan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Saraswati</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke rencana dalam bahasa lain. Tersedia dalam 89 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-89" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">89 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saraswati" title="Saraswati – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Saraswati" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarasvati" title="Sarasvati – Jerman Switzerland" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Sarasvati" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Jerman Switzerland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A" title="ساراسواتي – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ساراسواتي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%80" title="সৰস্বতী – Assam" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="সৰস্বতী" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarasvati" title="Sarasvati – Azerbaijan" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Sarasvati" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saraswati" title="Saraswati – Indonesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Saraswati" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saraswati" title="Saraswati – Bali" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Saraswati" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Bali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%80_(%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%80)" title="সরস্বতী (দেবী) – Benggali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সরস্বতী (দেবী)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Benggali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%94%D1%8D%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Сарасвати Дэви – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Сарасвати Дэви" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Сарасваты – Belarus" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сарасваты" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80" title="सरस्वती – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="सरस्वती" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saraswati" title="Saraswati – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Saraswati" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%96%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%84%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%85%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8D" title="དབྱངས་ཅན་མ། – Tibet" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="དབྱངས་ཅན་མ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibet" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarasvati" title="Sarasvati – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Sarasvati" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarasvat%C3%AD" title="Sarasvatí – Catalonia" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Sarasvatí" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Сарасвати – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Сарасвати" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarasvat%C3%AD" title="Sarasvatí – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Sarasvatí" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saraswati" title="Saraswati – Wales" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Saraswati" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Wales" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarasvati" title="Sarasvati – Denmark" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Sarasvati" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Denmark" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarasvati" title="Sarasvati – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sarasvati" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarasvat%C4%AB" title="Sarasvatī – Estonia" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Sarasvatī" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%B2%CE%AC%CF%84%CE%B9" title="Σαρασβάτι – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σαρασβάτι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saraswati" title="Saraswati – Inggeris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Saraswati" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggeris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarasvati" title="Sarasvati – Sepanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sarasvati" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Sepanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarasvatio" title="Sarasvatio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Sarasvatio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarasvati" title="Sarasvati – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Sarasvati" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="سرسوتی – Parsi" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سرسوتی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Parsi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarasvati_(d%C3%A9esse)" title="Sarasvati (déesse) – Perancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Sarasvati (déesse)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Perancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B8%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%A4%E0%AB%80_%E0%AA%A6%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%B5%E0%AB%80" title="સરસ્વતી દેવી – Gujarat" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="સરસ્વતી દેવી" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%82%AC%EB%9D%BC%EC%8A%A4%EB%B0%94%ED%8B%B0" title="사라스바티 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="사라스바티" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%AB" title="Սարասվատի – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սարասվատի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80" title="सरस्वती देवी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सरस्वती देवी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarasvat%C4%AB" title="Sarasvatī – Itali" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sarasvatī" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Itali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%95%D7%98%D7%99" title="סראסווטי – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סראסווטי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saraswati" title="Saraswati – Jawa" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Saraswati" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Jawa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%BF" title="ಸರಸ್ವತಿ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸರಸ್ವತಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="სარასვატი – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სარასვატი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B8%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%B5" title="ພະສຸລັດວະດີ – Laos" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ພະສຸລັດວະດີ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Laos" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarasvat%C4%AB" title="Sarasvatī – Latvia" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Sarasvatī" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarasvat%C4%97" title="Sarasvatė – Lithuania" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Sarasvatė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarasvati" title="Sarasvati – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Sarasvati" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szaraszvati_(istenn%C5%91)" title="Szaraszvati (istennő) – Hungary" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szaraszvati (istennő)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungary" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80" title="सरस्वती – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="सरस्वती" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF" title="സരസ്വതി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സരസ്വതി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80" title="सरस्वती – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="सरस्वती" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="სარასვატი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="სარასვატი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%89" title="ساراسواتى – Arab Mesir" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ساراسواتى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arab Mesir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%AD%EA%AF%8B%EA%AF%87%EA%AF%A4" title="ꯁꯔꯁ꯭ꯋꯇꯤ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯁꯔꯁ꯭ꯋꯇꯤ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi%C3%AAng-c%C3%A0i_Ti%C4%95ng-n%E1%B9%B3%CC%84" title="Biêng-cài Tiĕng-nṳ̄ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Biêng-cài Tiĕng-nṳ̄" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarasvati_(godin)" title="Sarasvati (godin) – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Sarasvati (godin)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80" title="सरस्वती – Nepal" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="सरस्वती" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80" title="सरस्वती – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="सरस्वती" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B5%E3%83%A9%E3%82%B9%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A1%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%BC" title="サラスヴァティー – Jepun" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="サラスヴァティー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarasvati" title="Sarasvati – Bokmal Norway" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sarasvati" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmal Norway" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarasvati" title="Sarasvati – Nynorsk Norway" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Sarasvati" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norway" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Сарасвати – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Сарасвати" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%B1%E0%AC%A4%E0%AD%80" title="ସରସ୍ୱତୀ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ସରସ୍ୱତୀ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%80" title="ਸਰਸਵਤੀ ਦੇਵੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸਰਸਵਤੀ ਦੇਵੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="سرسوتی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="سرسوتی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%87%E2%80%8B%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9F%82%E2%80%8B%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B8" title="ព្រះម៉ែសរស្វតី – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ព្រះម៉ែសរស្វតី" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saraswati" title="Saraswati – Poland" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Saraswati" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Poland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarasvati" title="Sarasvati – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sarasvati" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarasvati" title="Sarasvati – Turki Krimea" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Sarasvati" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Turki Krimea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saraswati" title="Saraswati – Romania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Saraswati" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Сарасвати – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сарасвати" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80" title="सरस्वती देवी – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="सरस्वती देवी" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%93" title="සරස්වතී – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="සරස්වතී" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saraswati" title="Saraswati – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Saraswati" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%8A" title="سرسوتي – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="سرسوتي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarasvat%C3%AD" title="Sarasvatí – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Sarasvatí" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarasvati" title="Sarasvati – Slovenia" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Sarasvati" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Сарасвати – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Сарасвати" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarasvati" title="Sarasvati – SerboCroatia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Sarasvati" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="SerboCroatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarasvati" title="Sarasvati – Finland" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sarasvati" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarasvati" title="Sarasvati – Sweden" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Sarasvati" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweden" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF" title="சரசுவதி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சரசுவதி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%94%D1%8D%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Сарасвати Дэви – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Сарасвати Дэви" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BF" title="సరస్వతి – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="సరస్వతి" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5" title="พระสุรัสวดี – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พระสุรัสวดี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saraswati" title="Saraswati – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Saraswati" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%BF" title="ಸರಸ್ವತಿ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಸರಸ್ವತಿ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saraswati" title="Saraswati – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Saraswati" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%94%D1%8D%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Сарасвати Дэви – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Сарасвати Дэви" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%96_(%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8F)" title="Сарасваті (богиня) – Ukraine" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Сарасваті (богиня)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraine" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="سرسوتی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سرسوتی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saraswati" title="Saraswati – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Saraswati" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BE%A9%E6%89%8D%E5%A4%A9%E5%A5%B3" title="辩才天女 – Cina Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="辩才天女" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Cina Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A8%91%E7%BE%85%E5%AE%A4%E4%BC%90%E5%BA%95" title="娑羅室伐底 – Kantonis" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="娑羅室伐底" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BE%AF%E6%89%8D%E5%A4%A9%E5%A5%B3" title="辯才天女 – Cina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="辯才天女" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Cina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q58838#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pautan antara bahasa" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pautan</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Saraswati" title="Lihat laman kandungan [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Rencana</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perbincangan:Saraswati&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Perbincangan mengenai laman kandungan (laman tidak wujud) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Perbincangan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tukar kelainan bahasa" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Bahasa Melayu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Rupa"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Saraswati"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saraswati&veaction=edit" title="Sunting laman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saraswati&action=edit" title="Sunting kod sumber untuk laman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saraswati&action=history" title="Semakan terdahulu bagi laman ini [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Lihat sejarah</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Alatan laman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Peralatan" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Peralatan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Peralatan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Lagi pilihan" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tindakan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Saraswati"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saraswati&veaction=edit" title="Sunting laman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saraswati&action=edit" title="Sunting kod sumber untuk laman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saraswati&action=history"><span>Lihat sejarah</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Umum </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Pautan_ke_sini/Saraswati" title="Senarai semua laman wiki yang mengandungi pautan ke laman ini [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pautan ke laman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Perubahan_berkaitan/Saraswati" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terkini bagi laman yang dipaut dari laman ini [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Perubahan berkaitan</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=ms" title="Muat naik fail [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Muat naik fail</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Laman_khas" title="Senarai semua laman khas [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Laman khas</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saraswati&oldid=5799611" title="Pautan kekal ke semakan laman ini"><span>Pautan kekal</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saraswati&action=info" title="Maklumat lanjut mengenai laman ini"><span>Maklumat laman</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Petik_laman_ini&page=Saraswati&id=5799611&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Maklumat tentang cara memetik laman ini"><span>Petik laman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fms.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSaraswati"><span>Dapatkan URL pendek</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fms.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSaraswati"><span>Muat turun kod QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cetak/eksport </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Buku&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Saraswati"><span>Cipta buku</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:DownloadAsPdf&page=Saraswati&action=show-download-screen"><span>Muat turun sebagai PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saraswati&printable=yes" title="Versi boleh cetak bagi laman ini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versi boleh cetak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam projek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Sarasvati" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q58838" title="Pautan ke item repositori data yang bersambung [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butir Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Alatan laman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Penampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Penampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Daripada Wikipedia, ensiklopedia bebas.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ms" dir="ltr"><p><br /> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5614044">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Rencana ini mengenai dewi Hindu.  Untuk sungai Vedic, sila lihat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sungai_Sarasvati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sungai Sarasvati (laman tidak wujud)">Sungai Sarasvati</a>.  Untuk filem tahun 1970, sila lihat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saraswathi_(filem)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saraswathi (filem) (laman tidak wujud)">Saraswathi (filem)</a>.  Untuk galaksi supercluster, sila lihat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saraswati_Supercluster&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saraswati Supercluster (laman tidak wujud)">Saraswati Supercluster</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5614044"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Saraswati devi" dilencongkan ke sini. Untuk other uses, sila lihat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saraswati_Devi_(disambiguation)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saraswati Devi (disambiguation) (laman tidak wujud)">Saraswati Devi</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5657302">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: #FFC569;">Saraswati</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div style="font-size: 110%;">Goddess of Knowledge, Music, Art, Speech, Wisdom and Learning</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">Ahli <a href="/wiki/Tridewi" title="Tridewi">Tridewi</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Saraswati.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Saraswati.jpg/220px-Saraswati.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="356" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Saraswati.jpg/330px-Saraswati.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Saraswati.jpg/440px-Saraswati.jpg 2x" data-file-width="925" data-file-height="1496" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Saraswati by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Raja_Ravi_Varma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raja Ravi Varma (laman tidak wujud)">Raja Ravi Varma</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Gabungan</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Devi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Devi (laman tidak wujud)">Devi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tridewi" title="Tridewi">Tridewi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahasaraswati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mahasaraswati (laman tidak wujud)">Mahasaraswati</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Tempat tinggal</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brahmaloka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brahmaloka (laman tidak wujud)">Brahmaloka</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Wahana" title="Wahana">Tunggangan</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Swan" title="Swan">Swan</a> atau <a href="/wiki/Merak" title="Merak">Merak</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Wilayah</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Asia_Selatan" title="Asia Selatan">Asia Selatan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asia_Tenggara" title="Asia Tenggara">Asia Tenggara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jepun" title="Jepun">Jepun</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Perayaan</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vasant_Panchami&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vasant Panchami (laman tidak wujud)">Vasant Panchami</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Navratri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Navratri (laman tidak wujud)">Navratri</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #FFC569;">Maklumat peribadi</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Adik-beradik</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Shiva" class="mw-redirect" title="Shiva">Shiva</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pasangan</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Brahma" title="Brahma">Brahma</a><sup id="cite_ref-elizabeth204_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-elizabeth204-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kinsley1988_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kinsley1988-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Templat:Saktism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Templat:Saktism (laman tidak wujud)">Templat:Saktism</a> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6349617">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid 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0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:720px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="border-collapse:collapse; text-align:center"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Sebahagian <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategory:Agama_Hindu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategory:Agama Hindu (laman tidak wujud)">siri</a> mengenai</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="padding:0.2em;background:#FFC569;margin-bottom:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Hinduisme" title="Hinduisme">Agama Hindu</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Om" title="Om"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/1_Om.svg/100px-1_Om.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/1_Om.svg/150px-1_Om.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/1_Om.svg/200px-1_Om.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="356" data-file-height="367" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above hlist" style="padding-bottom:0.35em; border:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sejarah_agama_Hindu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sejarah agama Hindu (laman tidak wujud)">Sejarah</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid #FFC569;background:#FFC569;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Agama_Hindu#Asal" class="mw-redirect" title="Agama Hindu">Asal</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border:2px solid #FDE7B9"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sejarah_agama_Hindu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sejarah agama Hindu (laman tidak wujud)">Sejarah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamadun_Lembah_Indus#Agama" title="Tamadun Lembah Indus">Tamadun Lembah Indus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_Veda_bersejarah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agama Veda bersejarah (laman tidak wujud)">Agama Veda bersejarah</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Arama%E1%B9%87a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Śramaṇa (laman tidak wujud)">Śramaṇa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_suku_di_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agama suku di India (laman tidak wujud)">Agama suku di India</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid #FFC569;background:#FFC569;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mazhab_Hindu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mazhab Hindu (laman tidak wujud)">Tradisi utama</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border:2px solid #FDE7B9"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vaishnavisme" title="Vaishnavisme">Vaishnavisme</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shaivisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shaivisme (laman tidak wujud)">Shaivisme</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shaktisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shaktisme (laman tidak wujud)">Shaktisme</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tradisi_Smarta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tradisi Smarta (laman tidak wujud)">Smartisme</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid #FFC569;background:#FFC569;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dewa_Hindu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dewa Hindu (laman tidak wujud)">Dewa</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border:2px solid #FDE7B9"> <dl><dd><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><b><a href="/wiki/Trimurti" title="Trimurti">Trimurti</a></b></div></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brahma" title="Brahma">Brahma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishnu" title="Vishnu">Vishnu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiva" class="mw-redirect" title="Shiva">Shiva</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tridevi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tridevi (laman tidak wujud)">Tridevi</a></b></div></dd></dl> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakshmi" title="Lakshmi">Lakshmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parvati" title="Parvati">Parvati</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dewa_(Hindu)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dewa (Hindu) (laman tidak wujud)">Dewa</a> / <a href="/wiki/Dewi" title="Dewi">Dewi</a> utama lain</b></div></dd></dl> <dl><dd><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dewa_Rigveda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dewa Rigveda (laman tidak wujud)">Veda</a>:</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indra" title="Indra">Indra</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agni (laman tidak wujud)">Agni</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prajapati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prajapati (laman tidak wujud)">Prajapati</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rudra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rudra (laman tidak wujud)">Rudra</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ushas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ushas (laman tidak wujud)">Ushas</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Varuna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Varuna (laman tidak wujud)">Varuna</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vayu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vayu (laman tidak wujud)">Vayu</a><br /></li></ul> <dl><dd><i>Post-Vedic:</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Durga" title="Durga">Durga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganesha" title="Ganesha">Ganesha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanuman" title="Hanuman">Hanuman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kali" class="mw-disambig" title="Kali">Kali</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kartikeya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kartikeya (laman tidak wujud)">Kartikeya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishna" class="mw-redirect" title="Krishna">Krishna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radha" title="Radha">Radha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rama" title="Rama">Rama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakti" title="Shakti">Shakti</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sita&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sita (laman tidak wujud)">Sita</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid #FFC569;background:#FFC569;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Falsafah_Hindu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Falsafah Hindu (laman tidak wujud)">Konsep</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border:2px solid #FDE7B9"> <dl><dd><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><b>Pandangan Dunia</b></div></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmologi_Hindu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmologi Hindu (laman tidak wujud)">Kosmologi Hindu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kronologi_Puranik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kronologi Puranik (laman tidak wujud)">Kronologi Puranik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitologi_Hindu" title="Mitologi Hindu">Mitologi Hindu</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><b>Kenyataan agung</b></div></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brahman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brahman (laman tidak wujud)">Brahman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Om" title="Om">Om</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tattva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tattva (laman tidak wujud)">Tattva</a><br /> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pancha_Bhoota&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pancha Bhoota (laman tidak wujud)">Pancha Bhoota</a></li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dd><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><b>Tuhan</b></div></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ishvara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ishvara (laman tidak wujud)">Ishvara</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tuhan_dalam_agama_Hindu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tuhan dalam agama Hindu (laman tidak wujud)">Tuhan dalam agama Hindu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tuhan_dan_jantina_dalam_agama_Hindu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tuhan dan jantina dalam agama Hindu (laman tidak wujud)">Tuhan dan jantina</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><b>Kehidupan</b></div></dd></dl> <dl><dd><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Varna_(Hindu)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Varna (Hindu) (laman tidak wujud)">Varna</a>:</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brahmin" title="Brahmin">Brahmana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kshatriya" title="Kshatriya">Kshatriya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaishya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vaishya (laman tidak wujud)">Vaishya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shudra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shudra (laman tidak wujud)">Shudra</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ashrama_(tahap)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ashrama (tahap) (laman tidak wujud)">Ashrama (tahap)</a>:</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brahmacarya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brahmacarya (laman tidak wujud)">Brahmacarya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grihastha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grihastha (laman tidak wujud)">Grihastha</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanaprastha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vanaprastha (laman tidak wujud)">Vanaprastha</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sannyasa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sannyasa (laman tidak wujud)">Sannyasa</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puru%E1%B9%A3%C4%81rtha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Puruṣārtha (laman tidak wujud)">Purushartha</a>:</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dharma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dharma (laman tidak wujud)">Dharma</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Artha (laman tidak wujud)">Artha</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kama&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kama (laman tidak wujud)">Kama</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moksha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moksha (laman tidak wujud)">Moksha</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><b>Minda</b></div></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antahkarana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antahkarana (laman tidak wujud)">Antahkarana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pramana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pramana (laman tidak wujud)">Pramana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gu%E1%B9%87a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guṇa (laman tidak wujud)">Guṇa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahamkara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahamkara (laman tidak wujud)">Ahamkara (Lampiran)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uparati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uparati (laman tidak wujud)">Uparati (Ketenangan diri)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Titiksha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Titiksha (laman tidak wujud)">Titiksha (Kesabaran)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%80nanda_(falsafah_Hindu)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ānanda (falsafah Hindu) (laman tidak wujud)">Ānanda (Kebahagiaan)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kshama&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kshama (laman tidak wujud)">Kshama (Kemaafan)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samatva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samatva (laman tidak wujud)">Shama (Kesetaraan)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kesantunan_(kebajikan)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kesantunan (kebajikan) (laman tidak wujud)">Dama (Kesantunan)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dhy%C4%81na_dalam_agama_Hindu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dhyāna dalam agama Hindu (laman tidak wujud)">Dhyāna (Ketenangan)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moksha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moksha (laman tidak wujud)">Moksha (Pelepasan)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viveka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Viveka (laman tidak wujud)">Viveka (Diskriminasi)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vairagya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vairagya (laman tidak wujud)">Vairagya (Perpecahan)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sam%C4%81dh%C4%81na&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samādhāna (laman tidak wujud)">Samadhana (Penumpuan Lengkap)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kepercayaan_dalam_agama_Hindu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kepercayaan dalam agama Hindu (laman tidak wujud)">Shraddha (Kepercayaan)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arishadvargas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arishadvargas (laman tidak wujud)">Arishadvargas (Enam Musuh)</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><b>Ethics</b></div></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etika_dalam_agama&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etika dalam agama (laman tidak wujud)">Niti shastra</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yamas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yamas (laman tidak wujud)">Yamas</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niyama&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Niyama (laman tidak wujud)">Niyama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahimsa" title="Ahimsa">Ahimsa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Achourya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Achourya (laman tidak wujud)">Achourya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Non-possession&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Non-possession (laman tidak wujud)">Aparigraha</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brahmacarya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brahmacarya (laman tidak wujud)">Brahmacarya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Satya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Satya (laman tidak wujud)">Satya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kesopanan_(kebajikan)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kesopanan (kebajikan) (laman tidak wujud)">Damah</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belas_kasihan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Belas kasihan (laman tidak wujud)">Dayā</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akrodha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Akrodha (laman tidak wujud)">Akrodha</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arjava&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arjava (laman tidak wujud)">Arjava</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Santosha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Santosha (laman tidak wujud)">Santosha</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tapas_(Agama-agama_India)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tapas (Agama-agama India) (laman tidak wujud)">Tapas</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sv%C4%81dhy%C4%81ya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Svādhyāya (laman tidak wujud)">Svādhyāya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shaucha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shaucha (laman tidak wujud)">Shaucha</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mitahara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mitahara (laman tidak wujud)">Mitahara</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C4%81na&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dāna (laman tidak wujud)">Dāna</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9A%C4%81stra_pram%C4%81%E1%B9%87am_dalam_agama_Hindu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Śāstra pramāṇam dalam agama Hindu (laman tidak wujud)">Sumber dharma</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pramana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pramana (laman tidak wujud)">Epistemologi</a></b></div></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pratyaksha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pratyaksha (laman tidak wujud)">Pratyakṣa (persepsi)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pramana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pramana (laman tidak wujud)">Anumāṇa (kesimpulan)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Upam%C4%81%E1%B9%87a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Upamāṇa (laman tidak wujud)">Upamāṇa (perbandingan, analogi)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pramana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pramana (laman tidak wujud)">Arthāpatti (postulasi, anggapan)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pramana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pramana (laman tidak wujud)">Anupalabdi (bukan persepsi, penolakan)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shabda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shabda (laman tidak wujud)">Śabda (kata, kesaksian)</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiga_Yoga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tiga Yoga (laman tidak wujud)">Tiga jalan menuju pembebasan</a></b></div></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhakti_yoga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bhakti yoga (laman tidak wujud)">Bhakti yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jnana_yoga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jnana yoga (laman tidak wujud)">Jnana yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karma_yoga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karma yoga (laman tidak wujud)">Karma yoga</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moksha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moksha (laman tidak wujud)">Pembebasan</a></b></div></dd></dl> <dl><dd><i>Mokṣa-related topics:</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%80tman_(Hindu)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ātman (Hindu) (laman tidak wujud)">Atman</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maya_(agama)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maya (agama) (laman tidak wujud)">Maya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karma" title="Karma">Karma</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sa%E1%B9%83s%C4%81ra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saṃsāra (laman tidak wujud)">Saṃsāra</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid #FFC569;background:#FFC569;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;">Amalan</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border:2px solid #FDE7B9"> <dl><dd><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><b>Keagamaan</b></div></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puja_(Hindu)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Puja (Hindu) (laman tidak wujud)">Puja</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Arauta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Śrauta (laman tidak wujud)">Śrauta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuil_Hindu" title="Kuil Hindu">Kuil</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Murti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Murti (laman tidak wujud)">Murti</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhakti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bhakti (laman tidak wujud)">Bhakti</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Japa (laman tidak wujud)">Japa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhajana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bhajana (laman tidak wujud)">Bhajana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yajna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yajna (laman tidak wujud)">Yajna</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homa_(upacara)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Homa (upacara) (laman tidak wujud)">Homa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vrata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vrata (laman tidak wujud)">Vrata</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pr%C4%81ya%C5%9Bcitta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prāyaścitta (laman tidak wujud)">Prāyaścitta</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tirtha_(Hindu)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tirtha (Hindu) (laman tidak wujud)">Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tapak_ziarah_Hindu_di_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tapak ziarah Hindu di India (laman tidak wujud)">Tirthadana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matha (laman tidak wujud)">Matha</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tarian_klasik_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tarian klasik India (laman tidak wujud)">Nritta-Nritya</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><b>Meditasi dan amal</b></div></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tapas_(Sanskrit)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tapas (Sanskrit) (laman tidak wujud)">Tapa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dhyana_dalam_agama_Hindu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dhyana dalam agama Hindu (laman tidak wujud)">Dhyana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C4%81na&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dāna (laman tidak wujud)">Dāna</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><b><a href="/wiki/Yoga" title="Yoga">Yoga</a></b></div></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sadhu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sadhu (laman tidak wujud)">Sadhu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yogi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yogi (laman tidak wujud)">Yogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asana" title="Asana">Asana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hatha_yoga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hatha yoga (laman tidak wujud)">Hatha yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jnana_yoga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jnana yoga (laman tidak wujud)">Jnana yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhakti_yoga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bhakti yoga (laman tidak wujud)">Bhakti yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karma_yoga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karma yoga (laman tidak wujud)">Karma yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raja_yoga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raja yoga (laman tidak wujud)">Raja yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kundalini_Yoga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kundalini Yoga (laman tidak wujud)">Kundalini Yoga</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seni_Hindu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seni Hindu (laman tidak wujud)">Kesenian</a></b></div></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bharatanatyam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bharatanatyam (laman tidak wujud)">Bharatanatyam</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kathak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kathak (laman tidak wujud)">Kathak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathakali" title="Kathakali">Kathakali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuchipudi" title="Kuchipudi">Kuchipudi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tarian_Manipuri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tarian Manipuri (laman tidak wujud)">Manipuri</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohiniyattam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mohiniyattam (laman tidak wujud)">Mohiniyattam</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odissi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Odissi (laman tidak wujud)">Odissi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sattriya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sattriya (laman tidak wujud)">Sattriya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhagavata_Mela&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bhagavata Mela (laman tidak wujud)">Bhagavata Mela</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yakshagana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yakshagana (laman tidak wujud)">Yakshagana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dandiya_Raas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dandiya Raas (laman tidak wujud)">Dandiya Raas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanggita_Karnataka" title="Sanggita Karnataka">Sanggita Karnataka</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pandav_Lila&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pandav Lila (laman tidak wujud)">Pandav Lila</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dd><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sa%E1%B9%83sk%C4%81ra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saṃskāra (laman tidak wujud)">Upacara perjalanan</a></b></div></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Garbhadhana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Garbhadhana (laman tidak wujud)">Garbhadhana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pumsavana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pumsavana (laman tidak wujud)">Pumsavana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Simantonayana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Simantonayana (laman tidak wujud)">Simantonayana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jatakarma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jatakarma (laman tidak wujud)">Jatakarma</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Namakarana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Namakarana (laman tidak wujud)">Namakarana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nishkramana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nishkramana (laman tidak wujud)">Nishkramana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Annaprashana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Annaprashana (laman tidak wujud)">Annaprashana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chudakarana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chudakarana (laman tidak wujud)">Chudakarana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karnavedha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karnavedha (laman tidak wujud)">Karnavedha</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vidyarambha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vidyarambha (laman tidak wujud)">Vidyarambha</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Upanayana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Upanayana (laman tidak wujud)">Upanayana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keshanta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Keshanta (laman tidak wujud)">Keshanta</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ritushuddhi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ritushuddhi (laman tidak wujud)">Ritushuddhi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samavartana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samavartana (laman tidak wujud)">Samavartana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perkahwinan_Hindu" title="Perkahwinan Hindu">Vivaha</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antyeshti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antyeshti (laman tidak wujud)">Antyeshti</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><b>Ashrama dharma</b></div></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ashrama_(pentas)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ashrama (pentas) (laman tidak wujud)">Ashrama</a>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brahmacharya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brahmacharya (laman tidak wujud)">Brahmacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grihastha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grihastha (laman tidak wujud)">Grihastha</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanaprastha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vanaprastha (laman tidak wujud)">Vanaprastha</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sannyasa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sannyasa (laman tidak wujud)">Sannyasa</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><b>Pesta</b></div></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diwali" class="mw-redirect" title="Diwali">Diwali</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Holi (laman tidak wujud)">Holi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shivaratri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shivaratri (laman tidak wujud)">Shivaratri</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Navaratri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Navaratri (laman tidak wujud)">Navaratri</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Durga_Puja&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Durga Puja (laman tidak wujud)">Durga Puja</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramlila&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ramlila (laman tidak wujud)">Ramlila</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vijayadashami&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vijayadashami (laman tidak wujud)">Vijayadashami-Dussehra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raksha_Bandhan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raksha Bandhan (laman tidak wujud)">Raksha Bandhan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ganesh_Chaturthi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ganesh Chaturthi (laman tidak wujud)">Ganesh Chaturthi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vasant_Panchami&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vasant Panchami (laman tidak wujud)">Vasant Panchami</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rama_Navami&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rama Navami (laman tidak wujud)">Rama Navami</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Krishna_Janmashtami&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Krishna Janmashtami (laman tidak wujud)">Janmashtami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onam" title="Onam">Onam</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makar_Sankranti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Makar Sankranti (laman tidak wujud)">Makar Sankranti</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kumbha_Mela&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kumbha Mela (laman tidak wujud)">Kumbha Mela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_Pongal" class="mw-redirect" title="Thai Pongal">Pongal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ugadi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ugadi (laman tidak wujud)">Ugadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaisakhi" title="Vaisakhi">Vaisakhi</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bihu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bihu (laman tidak wujud)">Bihu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puthandu" title="Puthandu">Puthandu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishu" title="Vishu">Vishu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ratha-Yatra_(Puri)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ratha-Yatra (Puri) (laman tidak wujud)">Ratha Yatra</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid #FFC569;background:#FFC569;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Falsafah_Hindu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Falsafah Hindu (laman tidak wujud)">Mazhab falsafah</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border:2px solid #FDE7B9"> <dl><dd><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Astika (laman tidak wujud)">Enam aliran Astika</a></b></div></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samkhya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samkhya (laman tidak wujud)">Samkhya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yoga_(falsafah)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yoga (falsafah) (laman tidak wujud)">Yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nyaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nyaya (laman tidak wujud)">Nyaya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaisheshika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vaisheshika (laman tidak wujud)">Vaisheshika</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mimamsa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mimamsa (laman tidak wujud)">Mimamsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedanta" class="mw-redirect" title="Vedanta">Vedanta</a><br /> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advaita_Vedanta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Advaita Vedanta (laman tidak wujud)">Advaita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dvaita&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dvaita (laman tidak wujud)">Dvaita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vishishtadvaita&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vishishtadvaita (laman tidak wujud)">Vishishtadvaita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Achintya_Bheda_Abheda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Achintya Bheda Abheda (laman tidak wujud)">Achintya Bheda Abheda</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dd><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><b>Aliran lain</b></div></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pasupata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pasupata (laman tidak wujud)">Pasupata</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shaivism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shaivism (laman tidak wujud)">Saiva</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pratyabhijna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pratyabhijna (laman tidak wujud)">Pratyabhijña</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charvaka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charvaka (laman tidak wujud)">Charvaka</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid #FFC569;background:#FFC569;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Senarai_guru_dan_wali_Hindu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Senarai guru dan wali Hindu (laman tidak wujud)">Guru, wali, ahli falsafah</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border:2px solid #FDE7B9"> <dl><dd><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><b>Kuno</b></div></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agastya" title="Agastya">Agastya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angiras&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Angiras (laman tidak wujud)">Angiras</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aruni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aruni (laman tidak wujud)">Aruni</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ashtavakra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ashtavakra (laman tidak wujud)">Ashtavakra</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atri (laman tidak wujud)">Atri</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bharadwaja&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bharadwaja (laman tidak wujud)">Bharadwaja</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nyaya_Sutras&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nyaya Sutras (laman tidak wujud)">Gotama</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jamadagni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jamadagni (laman tidak wujud)">Jamadagni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaimini" title="Jaimini">Jaimini</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanada_(ahli_falsafah)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kanada (ahli falsafah) (laman tidak wujud)">Kanada</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kapila&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kapila (laman tidak wujud)">Kapila</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kashyapa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kashyapa (laman tidak wujud)">Kashyapa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C4%81%E1%B9%87ini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pāṇini (laman tidak wujud)">Pāṇini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patanjali" title="Patanjali">Patanjali</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raikva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raikva (laman tidak wujud)">Raikva</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Satyakama_Jabala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Satyakama Jabala (laman tidak wujud)">Satyakama Jabala</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valmiki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Valmiki (laman tidak wujud)">Valmiki</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vashistha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vashistha (laman tidak wujud)">Vashistha</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vishvamitra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vishvamitra (laman tidak wujud)">Vishvamitra</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vyasa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vyasa (laman tidak wujud)">Vyasa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yajnavalkya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yajnavalkya (laman tidak wujud)">Yajnavalkya</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><b>Zaman Pertengahan</b></div></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nayanars&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nayanars (laman tidak wujud)">Nayanars</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alvars&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alvars (laman tidak wujud)">Alvars</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adi_Shankara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adi Shankara (laman tidak wujud)">Adi Shankara</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Basava&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Basava (laman tidak wujud)">Basava</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akka_Mahadevi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Akka Mahadevi (laman tidak wujud)">Akka Mahadevi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allama_Prabhu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Allama Prabhu (laman tidak wujud)">Allama Prabhu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siddheshwar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siddheshwar (laman tidak wujud)">Siddheshwar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%B1%C4%81ne%C5%9Bvar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jñāneśvar (laman tidak wujud)">Jñāneśvar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaitanya_Mahaprabhu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chaitanya Mahaprabhu (laman tidak wujud)">Chaitanya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gangesha_Upadhyaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gangesha Upadhyaya (laman tidak wujud)">Gangesha Upadhyaya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaudapada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gaudapada (laman tidak wujud)">Gaudapada</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gorakshanath&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gorakshanath (laman tidak wujud)">Gorakshanath</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jayanta_Bhatta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jayanta Bhatta (laman tidak wujud)">Jayanta Bhatta</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramananda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ramananda (laman tidak wujud)">Ramananda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kabir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kabir (laman tidak wujud)">Kabir</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kum%C4%81rila_Bha%E1%B9%AD%E1%B9%ADa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kumārila Bhaṭṭa (laman tidak wujud)">Kumarila Bhatta</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matsyendranath&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matsyendranath (laman tidak wujud)">Matsyendranath</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahavatar_Babaji&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mahavatar Babaji (laman tidak wujud)">Mahavatar Babaji</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madhus%C5%ABdana_Sarasvat%C4%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Madhusūdana Sarasvatī (laman tidak wujud)">Madhusudana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhvacharya" title="Madhvacharya">Madhva</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haridasa_Thakur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haridasa Thakur (laman tidak wujud)">Haridasa Thakur</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chakradhar_Swami&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chakradhar Swami (laman tidak wujud)">Chakradhara</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Namdev&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Namdev (laman tidak wujud)">Namdeva</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nimbarka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nimbarka (laman tidak wujud)">Nimbarka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prabh%C4%81kara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prabhākara (laman tidak wujud)">Prabhakara</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raghunatha_Siromani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raghunatha Siromani (laman tidak wujud)">Raghunatha Siromani</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramanuja&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ramanuja (laman tidak wujud)">Ramanuja</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sankardev&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sankardev (laman tidak wujud)">Sankardev</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Purandara_Dasa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Purandara Dasa (laman tidak wujud)">Purandara Dasa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanaka_Dasa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kanaka Dasa (laman tidak wujud)">Kanaka Dasa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramprasad_Sen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ramprasad Sen (laman tidak wujud)">Ramprasad Sen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jagannatha_Dasa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jagannatha Dasa (laman tidak wujud)">Jagannatha Dasa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vyasaraya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vyasaraya (laman tidak wujud)">Vyasaraya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sripadaraya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sripadaraya (laman tidak wujud)">Sripadaraya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raghavendra_Swami&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raghavendra Swami (laman tidak wujud)">Raghavendra Swami</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gopala_Dasa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gopala Dasa (laman tidak wujud)">Gopala Dasa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syama_Sastri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Syama Sastri (laman tidak wujud)">Śyāma Śastri</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vedanta_Desika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vedanta Desika (laman tidak wujud)">Vedanta Desika</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samarth_Ramdas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samarth Ramdas (laman tidak wujud)">Samarth Ramdas</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyagaraja&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tyagaraja (laman tidak wujud)">Tyagaraja</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tukaram&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tukaram (laman tidak wujud)">Tukaram</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tulsidas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tulsidas (laman tidak wujud)">Tulsidas</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=V%C4%81caspati_Mi%C5%9Bra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vācaspati Miśra (laman tidak wujud)">Vachaspati Mishra</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vallabha_Acharya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vallabha Acharya (laman tidak wujud)">Vallabha</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vidyaranya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vidyaranya (laman tidak wujud)">Vidyaranya</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><b>Moden</b></div></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sri_Aurobindo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sri Aurobindo (laman tidak wujud)">Aurobindo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhaktivinoda_Thakur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bhaktivinoda Thakur (laman tidak wujud)">Bhaktivinoda Thakur</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinmayananda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chinmayananda (laman tidak wujud)">Chinmayananda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dayananda_Saraswati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dayananda Saraswati (laman tidak wujud)">Dayananda Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maharishi_Mahesh_Yogi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maharishi Mahesh Yogi (laman tidak wujud)">Mahesh Yogi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaggi_Vasudev&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jaggi Vasudev (laman tidak wujud)">Jaggi Vasudev</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Krishnananda_Saraswati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Krishnananda Saraswati (laman tidak wujud)">Krishnananda Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Narayana_Guru&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Narayana Guru (laman tidak wujud)">Narayana Guru</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=A._C._Bhaktivedanta_Swami_Prabhupada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada (laman tidak wujud)">Prabhupada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramakrishna" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramakrishna">Ramakrishna</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramana_Maharshi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ramana Maharshi (laman tidak wujud)">Ramana Maharshi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarvepalli_Radhakrishnan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan (laman tidak wujud)">Radhakrishnan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhaktisiddhanta_Sarasvati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati (laman tidak wujud)">Sarasvati</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sivananda_Saraswati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sivananda Saraswati (laman tidak wujud)">Sivananda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=U._G._Krishnamurti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="U. G. Krishnamurti (laman tidak wujud)">U. G. Krishnamurti</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sai_Baba_of_Shirdi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sai Baba of Shirdi (laman tidak wujud)">Sai Baba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Vivekananda" title="Swami Vivekananda">Vivekananda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nigamananda_Paramahansa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nigamananda Paramahansa (laman tidak wujud)">Nigamananda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paramahansa_Yogananda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paramahansa Yogananda (laman tidak wujud)">Yogananda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramachandra_Dattatrya_Ranade&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ramachandra Dattatrya Ranade (laman tidak wujud)">R. D. Ranade</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tibbetibaba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tibbetibaba (laman tidak wujud)">Tibbetibaba</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trailanga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trailanga (laman tidak wujud)">Trailanga</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid #FFC569;background:#FFC569;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Teks_Hindu" title="Teks Hindu">Sastera</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border:2px solid #FDE7B9"><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9A%C4%81stra_pram%C4%81%E1%B9%87am_dalam_agama_Hindu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Śāstra pramāṇam dalam agama Hindu (laman tidak wujud)">Sumber dan klasifikasi tulisan suci</a></b></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Aruti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Śruti (laman tidak wujud)">Śruti</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Smriti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Smriti (laman tidak wujud)">Smṛti</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%80c%C4%81ra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ācāra (laman tidak wujud)">Ācāra</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atmatusti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atmatusti (laman tidak wujud)">Ātmatuṣṭi</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sastera_Hindu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sastera Hindu (laman tidak wujud)">Kitab Suci</a></b></div></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Garis_masa_sastera_Hindu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Garis masa sastera Hindu (laman tidak wujud)">Garis masa sastera Hindu</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><b><a href="/wiki/Veda" title="Veda">Veda</a></b></div></dd></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rigveda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rigveda (laman tidak wujud)">Rigveda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yajurveda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yajurveda (laman tidak wujud)">Yajurveda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samaveda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samaveda (laman tidak wujud)">Samaveda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Atharvaveda" class="mw-redirect" title="Atharvaveda">Atharvaveda</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dd><i>Bahagian</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samhitapatha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samhitapatha (laman tidak wujud)">Samhita</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brahmana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brahmana (laman tidak wujud)">Brahmana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aranyaka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aranyaka (laman tidak wujud)">Aranyaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upanishad" title="Upanishad">Upanishad</a></li></ul> <div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><b><a href="/wiki/Upanishad" title="Upanishad">Upanishad</a></b></div> <dl><dd><i>Rigveda:</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aitareya_Upanishad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aitareya Upanishad (laman tidak wujud)">Aitareya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaushitaki_Upanishad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaushitaki Upanishad (laman tidak wujud)">Kaushitaki</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dd><i>Yajurveda:</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brihadaranyaka_Upanishad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brihadaranyaka Upanishad (laman tidak wujud)">Brihadaranyaka</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isha_Upanishad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isha Upanishad (laman tidak wujud)">Isha</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taittiriya_Upanishad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taittiriya Upanishad (laman tidak wujud)">Taittiriya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katha_Upanishad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Katha Upanishad (laman tidak wujud)">Katha</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shvetashvatara_Upanishad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shvetashvatara Upanishad (laman tidak wujud)">Shvetashvatara</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maitrayaniya_Upanishad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maitrayaniya Upanishad (laman tidak wujud)">Maitri</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dd><i>Samaveda:</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chandogya_Upanishad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chandogya Upanishad (laman tidak wujud)">Chandogya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kena_Upanishad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kena Upanishad (laman tidak wujud)">Kena</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dd><i>Atharvaveda:</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mundaka_Upanishad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mundaka Upanishad (laman tidak wujud)">Mundaka</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mandukya_Upanishad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mandukya Upanishad (laman tidak wujud)">Mandukya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prashna_Upanishad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prashna Upanishad (laman tidak wujud)">Prashna</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dd><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vedanga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vedanga (laman tidak wujud)">Vedanga</a></b></div></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shiksha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shiksha (laman tidak wujud)">Shiksha</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vedic_meter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vedic meter (laman tidak wujud)">Chandas</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vyakarana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vyakarana (laman tidak wujud)">Vyakarana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nirukta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nirukta (laman tidak wujud)">Nirukta</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalpa_(Vedanga)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kalpa (Vedanga) (laman tidak wujud)">Kalpa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jyotisha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jyotisha (laman tidak wujud)">Jyotisha</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Senarai_kitab_Hindu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Senarai kitab Hindu (laman tidak wujud)">Kitab lain</a></b></div></dd></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bhagavad_Gita" title="Bhagavad Gita">Bhagavad Gita</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_(Hindu)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agama (Hindu) (laman tidak wujud)"><i>Agama</i> (Hindu)</a></li></ul> <div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed; border-bottom:1px dotted"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Senarai_kitab_suci_Hindu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Senarai kitab suci Hindu (laman tidak wujud)">Tulisan lain</a></b></div> <dl><dd><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><b><a href="/wiki/Purana" title="Purana">Purana</a></b></div></dd></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vishnu_Purana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vishnu Purana (laman tidak wujud)">Vishnu Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhagavata_Purana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bhagavata Purana (laman tidak wujud)">Bhagavata Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=N%C4%81radeya_Purana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nāradeya Purana (laman tidak wujud)">Nāradeya Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vamana_Purana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vamana Purana (laman tidak wujud)">Vāmana Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matsya_Purana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matsya Purana (laman tidak wujud)">Matsya Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Garuda_Purana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Garuda Purana (laman tidak wujud)">Garuda Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brahma_Purana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brahma Purana (laman tidak wujud)">Brahma Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brahm%C4%81nda_Purana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brahmānda Purana (laman tidak wujud)">Brahmānda Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brahma_Vaivarta_Purana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brahma Vaivarta Purana (laman tidak wujud)">Brahma Vaivarta Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhavishya_Purana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bhavishya Purana (laman tidak wujud)">Bhavishya Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Padma_Purana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Padma Purana (laman tidak wujud)">Padma Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agni_Purana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agni Purana (laman tidak wujud)">Agni Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shiva_Purana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shiva Purana (laman tidak wujud)">Shiva Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linga_Purana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Linga Purana (laman tidak wujud)">Linga Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurma_Purana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kurma Purana (laman tidak wujud)">Kūrma Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skanda_Purana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skanda Purana (laman tidak wujud)">Skanda Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Varaha_Purana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Varaha Purana (laman tidak wujud)">Varaha Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C4%81rkandeya_Purana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mārkandeya Purana (laman tidak wujud)">Mārkandeya Purana</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dd><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><b><a href="/wiki/Itihasa" title="Itihasa">Itihasa</a></b></div></dd></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana">Ramayana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dd><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><b><a href="/wiki/Veda#Upaveda" title="Veda">Upaveda</a></b></div></dd></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ayurveda" title="Ayurveda">Ayurveda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dhanurveda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dhanurveda (laman tidak wujud)">Dhanurveda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gandharvaveda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gandharvaveda (laman tidak wujud)">Gandharvaveda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sthapatyaveda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sthapatyaveda (laman tidak wujud)">Sthapatyaveda</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dd><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shastra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shastra (laman tidak wujud)">Shastra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sutra" title="Sutra">Sutra</a>, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Samhita&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samhita (laman tidak wujud)">Samhita</a></b></div></dd></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dharma%C5%9B%C4%81stra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dharmaśāstra (laman tidak wujud)">Dharma Shastra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthashastra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arthashastra (laman tidak wujud)">Artha Śastra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shilpa_Shastra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shilpa Shastra (laman tidak wujud)">Shilpa Shastra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kamasutra" class="mw-redirect" title="Kamasutra">Kamasutra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sutra_Brahma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sutra Brahma (laman tidak wujud)">Sutra Brahma</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samkhyapravachana_Sutra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samkhyapravachana Sutra (laman tidak wujud)">Samkhya Sutra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Purva_Mimamsa_Sutra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Purva Mimamsa Sutra (laman tidak wujud)">Mimamsa Sutra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ny%C4%81ya_S%C5%ABtras&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nyāya Sūtras (laman tidak wujud)">Nyāya Sūtras</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vai%C5%9Be%E1%B9%A3ika_S%C5%ABtra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vaiśeṣika Sūtra (laman tidak wujud)">Vaiśeṣika Sūtra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sutra_Yoga_dari_Patanjali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sutra Yoga dari Patanjali (laman tidak wujud)">Sutra Yoga</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pramana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pramana (laman tidak wujud)">Pramana Sutra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charaka_Samhita&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charaka Samhita (laman tidak wujud)">Charaka Samhita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sushruta_Samhita&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sushruta Samhita (laman tidak wujud)">Sushruta Samhita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natya_Shastra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Natya Shastra (laman tidak wujud)">Natya Shastra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panchatantra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Panchatantra (laman tidak wujud)">Panchatantra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Divya_Prabandha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Divya Prabandha (laman tidak wujud)">Divya Prabandha</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tirumurai" title="Tirumurai">Tirumurai</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramcharitmanas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ramcharitmanas (laman tidak wujud)">Ramcharitmanas</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yoga_Vasistha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yoga Vasistha (laman tidak wujud)">Yoga Vasistha</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shiva_Swarodaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shiva Swarodaya (laman tidak wujud)">Swara yoga</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panchadasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Panchadasi (laman tidak wujud)">Panchadasi</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dd><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stotra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stotra (laman tidak wujud)">Stotra</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Senarai_sukta_dan_stuti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Senarai sukta dan stuti (laman tidak wujud)">stuti</a></b></div></dd></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanakadh%C4%81ra_Stotram&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kanakadhāra Stotram (laman tidak wujud)">Kanakadhāra Stotram</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shiva_Stuti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shiva Stuti (laman tidak wujud)">Shiva Stuti</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vayu_Stuti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vayu Stuti (laman tidak wujud)">Vayu Stuti</a></i></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid #FFC569;background:#FFC569;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;">Masyarakat</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border:2px solid #FDE7B9"> <dl><dd><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Varna_(Hinduisme)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Varna (Hinduisme) (laman tidak wujud)">Varna</a></b></div></dd></dl> <dl><dd><i>Empat varna:</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brahmin" title="Brahmin">Brahmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kshatriya" title="Kshatriya">Kshatriya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaishya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vaishya (laman tidak wujud)">Vaishya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shudra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shudra (laman tidak wujud)">Shudra</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avarna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Avarna (laman tidak wujud)">Tanpa Varna</a>:</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dalit" title="Dalit">Dalit</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><i>Topik berkaitan Varna:</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C4%81ti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jāti (laman tidak wujud)">Jati</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><b>Topik berkaitan masyarakat lain:</b></div></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penganiayaan_Hindu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penganiayaan Hindu (laman tidak wujud)">Penganiayaan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nasionalisme_Hindu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nasionalisme Hindu (laman tidak wujud)">Nasionalisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindutva" title="Hindutva">Hindutva</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Senarai_pertubuhan_Hindu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Senarai pertubuhan Hindu (laman tidak wujud)">Pertubuhan</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid #FFC569;background:#FFC569;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portal:Hinduisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Portal:Hinduisme (laman tidak wujud)">Topik lain</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border:2px solid #FDE7B9"> <dl><dd><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_Hindu_mengikut_negara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agama Hindu mengikut negara (laman tidak wujud)">Agama Hindu mengikut negara</a></b></div></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_Hindu_Bali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agama Hindu Bali (laman tidak wujud)">Agama Hindu Bali</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><b>Budaya Hindu</b></div></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seni_bina_Hindu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seni bina Hindu (laman tidak wujud)">Seni bina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalendar_Hindu" title="Kalendar Hindu">Kalendar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ikonografi_Hindu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ikonografi Hindu (laman tidak wujud)">Ikonografi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitologi_Hindu" title="Mitologi Hindu">Mitologi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tapak_ziarah_Hindu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tapak ziarah Hindu (laman tidak wujud)">Tapak ziarah</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><b>Agama Hindu dan agama lain</b></div></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_Jain_dan_agama_Hindu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agama Jain dan agama Hindu (laman tidak wujud)">Agama Jain dan agama Hindu</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_Buddha_dan_agama_Hindu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agama Buddha dan agama Hindu (laman tidak wujud)">dan Buddha</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_Hindu_dan_agama_Sikh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agama Hindu dan agama Sikh (laman tidak wujud)">dan Sikh</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hinduisme_dan_Yahudi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hinduisme dan Yahudi (laman tidak wujud)">dan Yahudi</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_Hindu_dan_agama_Kristian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agama Hindu dan agama Kristian (laman tidak wujud)">dan Kristian</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hubungan_agama_Hindu%E2%80%93Islam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hubungan agama Hindu–Islam (laman tidak wujud)">dan Islam</a></li> <li><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kritikan_agama_Hindu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kritikan agama Hindu (laman tidak wujud)">Kritikan</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istilah_glosari_Hindu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Istilah glosari Hindu (laman tidak wujud)">Glosari</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Garis_besar_Hindu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Garis besar Hindu (laman tidak wujud)">Garis besar</a></li> <li><br /><i><span class="metadata"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Ikon portal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/16px-Portal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/24px-Portal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/32px-Portal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="32" /></span></span></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Portal:Agama_Hindu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Portal:Agama Hindu (laman tidak wujud)">Portal Agama Hindu</a></i> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:HinduSwastika.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/HinduSwastika.svg/15px-HinduSwastika.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/HinduSwastika.svg/23px-HinduSwastika.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/HinduSwastika.svg/30px-HinduSwastika.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="142" data-file-height="145" /></a></span></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5375175">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Templat:Agama_Hindu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Templat:Agama Hindu (laman tidak wujud)"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bincang"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perbincangan_templat:Agama_Hindu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perbincangan templat:Agama Hindu (laman tidak wujud)"><abbr title="Bincang templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Agama_Hindu&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table role="presentation" class="metadata mbox-small noprint selfref" style="background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1);color:inherit;width: 22em;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1px"></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist" style="vertical-align:middle; font-size:95%;"><b>Rencana ini mengandungi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bantuan:Aksara_khas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bantuan:Aksara khas (laman tidak wujud)">Bantuan:Aksara khas</a>.</b> Tanpa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bantuan:Aksara_khas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bantuan:Aksara khas (laman tidak wujud)">pemberian sokongan</a> yang sewajarnya, anda mungkin melihat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Specials_(Unicode_block)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Specials (Unicode block) (laman tidak wujud)">tanda tanya, kotak, atau simbol lain</a>.</td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Saraswati</b> (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Sanskrit" title="Bahasa Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a>: <span lang="sa">सरस्वती</span><span class="lang-comment" style="font-style: normal; display: none; color: #33aa33; margin-left: 0.3em;">code: sa is deprecated </span>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=IAST&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IAST (laman tidak wujud)">IAST</a>: <i><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration" class="IAST Unicode" style="font-face: Arial Unicode MS, GNU Unifont, Lucida Sans Unicode; white-space: wrap; text-decoration: none">Sarasvatī</span></i>) adalah dewi <a href="/wiki/Hinduisme" title="Hinduisme">Hindu</a> pengetahuan, muzik, seni, kebijaksanaan, dan pembelajaran. Dia adalah sebahagian daripada tritunggal (<i>Tridevi</i>) Saraswati, <a href="/wiki/Lakshmi" title="Lakshmi">Lakshmi</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Parvati" title="Parvati">Parvati</a>. Kesemua ketiga bentuk ini membantu triniti <a href="/wiki/Brahma" title="Brahma">Brahma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maha_Vishnu" class="mw-redirect" title="Maha Vishnu">Vishnu</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Mahadeva" title="Mahadeva">Shiva</a> untuk mencipta, menyelenggara, dan menghidupkan semula-kitar semula <a href="/wiki/Alam_semesta" title="Alam semesta">Alam Semesta</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Perkataan Saraswati yang paling awal diketahui sebagai dewi berada di <a href="/wiki/Rig_Veda" title="Rig Veda">Rigveda</a>. Dia tetap kekal sebagai dewi dari zaman <a href="/wiki/Zaman_Veda" title="Zaman Veda">Veda</a> melalui zaman moden tradisi Hindu.<sup id="cite_ref-davidkinsley_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-davidkinsley-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sesetengah orang Hindu merayakan pesta Vasant Panchami (hari kelima musim bunga, dan juga dikenali sebagai Saraswati Puja dan Saraswati Jayanti di banyak bahagian India) untuk menghormatinya,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dan menandakan hari dengan membantu kanak-kanak belajar bagaimana menulis huruf abjad pada hari itu.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dewi juga dihormati oleh orang percaya dari agama <a href="/wiki/Jainisme" title="Jainisme">Jain</a> dari <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> barat dan tengah,<sup id="cite_ref-BMA_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BMA-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> serta beberapa mazhab <a href="/wiki/Agama_Buddha" title="Agama Buddha">Buddha</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-tdonaldson_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tdonaldson-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Saraswati_idol.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Saraswati_idol.JPG/220px-Saraswati_idol.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Saraswati_idol.JPG/330px-Saraswati_idol.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Saraswati_idol.JPG/440px-Saraswati_idol.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="5184" /></a><figcaption> Idola Saraswati yang diukir dari batu hitam dari <a href="/wiki/Dinasti_Chalukya" title="Dinasti Chalukya">dinasti Chalukya</a> (abad 12 M). Idol dipamerkan di Muzium Prince of Wales, Mumbai. </figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etimologi">Etimologi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saraswati&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bahagian: Etimologi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saraswati&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Etimologi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Saraswati, adalah perkataan gabungan Sanskrit <i>saras</i> (सरस्) yang bermaksud "air pengumpulan", tetapi juga kadang kala diterjemahkan sebagai "ucapan"; dan <i>vati</i> (वती) yang bermaksud "dia yang memiliki" (juga terdapat dalam nama <a href="/wiki/Parvati" title="Parvati">Parvati</a>, "Dia yang mempunyai sayap"). Pada asalnya dikaitkan dengan sungai atau sungai yang dikenali sebagai Saraswati, kombinasi ini bermaksud "dia yang mempunyai kolam, tasik, dan air kolam" atau kadang-kadang "dia yang memiliki ucapan". Ia juga merupakan kata komposit Sanskrit <i>surasa-vati</i> (सुरस-वति) yang bermaksud "satu dengan banyak air".<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-jmuir_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jmuir-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> Perkataan Saraswati muncul sebagai rujukan kepada sungai dan sebagai dewa penting dalam <a href="/wiki/Rig_Veda" title="Rig Veda">Rigveda</a> . Dalam petikan awal, perkataan itu merujuk kepada Sungai Sarasvati dan disebut sebagai salah satu daripada beberapa sungai barat laut India seperti Drishadvati . Saraswati, kemudian, merujuk kepada dewa sungai. Dalam buku   2, Rigveda menerangkan Saraswati sebagai ibu terbaik, sungai, dewi. <sup id="cite_ref-jmuir_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jmuir-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><blockquote><p> अम्बितमे नदीतमे देवितमे <b>सरस्वति</b> </br> — Rigveda 2.41.16 Ibu terbaik, sungai terbaik, dewi terbaik, Sarasvatī. </p></blockquote><p> Saraswati dirayakan sebagai dewa feminin dengan kekuatan penyembuhan dan penyucian air yang banyak dan mengalir dalam Buku 10 Rigveda, seperti berikut: </p><blockquote><p> अपो अस्मान मातरः शुन्धयन्तु घर्तेन नो घर्तप्वः पुनन्तु | </br> विश्वं हि रिप्रं परवहन्ति देविरुदिदाभ्यः शुचिरापूत एमि || </br> — Rigveda 10.17 Semoga air, ibu-ibu, membersihkan kita, </br> bolehkah mereka yang memurnikan dengan mentega, membersihkan kami dengan mentega, </br> untuk dewi-dewi ini menanggung kekotoran, </br> Saya keluar daripada mereka yang suci dan suci. </br> — diterjemahkan oleh John Muir </p></blockquote><p> Dalam kesusasteraan Veda, Saraswati mendapat makna yang sama bagi kaum India awal (nyatakan John Muir) seperti yang diakui di sungai <a href="/wiki/Sungai_Ganges" title="Sungai Ganges">Ganges</a> oleh keturunan mereka yang moden. Dalam pujian Kitab   10 dari Rigveda, dia sudah diisytiharkan sebagai "pemilik ilmu". <sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kepentingannya tumbuh dalam Vedas yang dikarang selepas Rigveda dan Brahmanas, dan perkataan itu berevolusi dalam arti dari "air yang menyucikan", kepada "yang memurnikan", kepada " <i>vach</i> (ucapan) yang memurnikan", kepada "pengetahuan yang menyucikan" dan akhirnya menjadi konsep rohani dewi yang merangkumi pengetahuan, seni, muzik, melodi, muse, bahasa, retorik, kefasihan, kerja kreatif dan apa saja yang alirannya memurnikan intipati dan diri seseorang. <sup id="cite_ref-jmuir_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jmuir-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-emoor_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-emoor-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dalam <a href="/wiki/Upanishad" title="Upanishad">Upanishad</a> dan Dharma Sastras, Saraswati dipanggil untuk mengingatkan pembaca untuk bermeditasi pada kebaikan, emolumen yang mulia, makna dan intipati kegiatan seseorang, tindakan seseorang. </p><p>Saraswati dikenali dengan banyak nama dalam kesusasteraan Hindu kuno. Beberapa contoh sinonim untuk Saraswati termasuk Brahmani (kekuatan Brahma), Brahmi (dewi sains), <sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bharadi (dewi sejarah), Vani dan Vachi (kedua merujuk kepada aliran musik / lagu, ucapan merdu, berbicara fasih masing-masing), Varnesvari (dewi surat), Kavijihvagravasini (orang yang berpegang pada lidah penyair). <sup id="cite_ref-ebalf_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ebalf-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dewi Saraswati juga dikenal sebagai Vidyadatri (Dewi yang memberikan pengetahuan), Veenavadini (Dewi yang memainkan veena, alat musik yang dimiliki oleh Dewi Saraswati), Pustakdharini (Dewi membawa buku dengan dirinya sendiri), Veenapani (Dewi membawa veena di tangannya), Hansavahini (Dewi yang duduk di atas angsa) dan Vagdevi (Dewi ucapan). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tatanama">Tatanama</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saraswati&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bahagian: Tatanama" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saraswati&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Tatanama"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dalam <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Hindi" title="Bahasa Hindi">bahasa Hindi</a>, namanya ditulis <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Hindi" title="Bahasa Hindi">Hindi</a>: <span lang="hi">सरस्वती</span><span class="lang-comment" style="font-style: normal; display: none; color: #33aa33; margin-left: 0.3em;">code: hi is deprecated </span> . Di <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Telugu" title="Bahasa Telugu">Telugu</a>, Sarasvati juga dikenali sebagai Chaduvula Thalli (చదువుల తల్లి) dan Shārada (శారద). Di Konkani, dia dirujuk sebagai Shārada, Veenapani, Pustakadhārini, Vidyadāyini. Di <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Kannada" title="Bahasa Kannada">Kannada</a>, varian namanya termasuk Sharade, Sharadamba, Vāni, Veenapani di kuil <a href="/wiki/Sringeri" title="Sringeri">Sringeri yang</a> terkenal. Dalam <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Tamil" title="Bahasa Tamil">bahasa Tamil</a>, dia juga dikenali sebagai Kalaimagal (கலைமகள்), Kalaivāni (கலைவாணி), Vāni (வாணி) dan Bharathi. Beliau juga ditujukan sebagai Sāradā (orang yang menawarkan sāra atau esensi), Shāradā (yang suka <a href="/wiki/Musim_luruh" title="Musim luruh">musim gugur</a> ), Veenā-pustaka-dhārini (yang memegang buku dan Veena ), Vāgdevi, Vāgishvari, (kedua makna "dewi percakapan"), Vāni (ucapan), Varadhanāyaki (yang memberi sumbangan), Sāvitri (permaisuri Brahma), Gyatri (ibu Veda).   </p><p>Di India, dia <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Assam" title="Bahasa Assam">diturunkan</a> sebagai bahasa <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Assam" title="Bahasa Assam">Assamese_language</a> : সৰস্বতী, Saraswati, Bengali , Malayalam , dan Tamil . Di Odia sebagai ସରସ୍ଵତୀ Saraswati. </p><p>Di luar Nepal dan India, dia dikenali di <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Burma" title="Bahasa Burma">Burma</a> sebagai <i>Thurathadi</i> ( သူရဿတီ , dinyatakan   atau <span class="IPA" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[θùɹa̰ðədì]</span> ) atau <i>Tipitaka Medaw</i> ( တိပိဋက မယ်တော် , dinyatakan   ), dalam <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Cina" title="Bahasa Cina">bahasa Cina</a> sebagai <span title="Pinyin-language text"><i lang="pny">Biàncáitiān</i></span><span class="lang-comment" style="font-style: normal; display: none; color: #33aa33; margin-left: 0.3em;">code: pny is deprecated </span> ( <span title="Cina-language text"><span lang="zh">辯才天</span></span><span class="lang-comment" style="font-style: normal; display: none; color: #33aa33; margin-left: 0.3em;">code: zh is deprecated </span> ), dalam <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Jepun" title="Bahasa Jepun">bahasa Jepun</a> sebagai <i>Benzaiten</i> ( <span title="Jepun-language text"><span lang="ja">弁才天/弁財天</span></span><span class="lang-comment" style="font-style: normal; display: none; color: #33aa33; margin-left: 0.3em;">code: ja is deprecated </span> ) dan dalam bahasa <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Thai" title="Bahasa Thai">Thai</a> sebagai <i>Suratsawadi</i> ( <span title="Thai-language text"><span lang="th">สุรัสวดี</span></span><span class="lang-comment" style="font-style: normal; display: none; color: #33aa33; margin-left: 0.3em;">code: th is deprecated </span> ) atau <i>Saratsawadi</i> ( <span title="Thai-language text"><span lang="th">สรัสวดี</span></span><span class="lang-comment" style="font-style: normal; display: none; color: #33aa33; margin-left: 0.3em;">code: th is deprecated </span> ). <sup id="cite_ref-dk95_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dk95-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sejarah">Sejarah</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saraswati&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bahagian: Sejarah" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saraswati&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Sejarah"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Benzaiten.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Benzaiten.jpg/220px-Benzaiten.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Benzaiten.jpg/330px-Benzaiten.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Benzaiten.jpg/439px-Benzaiten.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption> Dewi Saraswati ditemui di kuil-kuil Asia Tenggara, kepulauan Indonesia dan Jepun. Di <a href="/wiki/Jepun" title="Jepun">Jepun</a>, dia dikenali sebagai Benzaiten (ditunjukkan). <sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dia digambarkan dengan alat muzik di Jepun, dan merupakan dewa pengetahuan, muzik, dan segala yang mengalir. </figcaption></figure><p> Dalam tradisi Hindu, Sarasvati mengekalkan kepentingannya sebagai dewi dari zaman Veda hingga sekarang. <sup id="cite_ref-davidkinsley_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-davidkinsley-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dalam Shanti Parva epik Hindu <a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a>, Saraswati dipanggil ibu Vedas, dan kemudian sebagai simfoni kreatif langit yang muncul ketika Brahma menciptakan alam semesta. <sup id="cite_ref-jmuir_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jmuir-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dalam Buku 2 dari Taittiriya Brahmana, dia dipanggil "<i>ibu ucapan yang fasih dan muzik merdu</i> ". Saraswati adalah tenaga dan kekuatan aktif Brahma. <sup id="cite_ref-ebalf_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ebalf-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dia juga disebut dalam banyak penerbitan Sanskrit kecil seperti Sarada Tilaka yang ke-8   abad   CE seperti berikut, <sup id="cite_ref-ar272_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ar272-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><blockquote><p> Semoga dewi ucapan membolehkan kita mencapai semua fasih yang mungkin, </br> dia yang memakai kunci pada bulan muda, </br> yang bersinar dengan kilau yang indah, </br> yang duduk bersandar pada teratai putih, </br> dan dari puncak kumuh yang tangannya mengalir, </br> cahaya pada alat tulis, dan buku yang dihasilkan olehnya. </br> - Pada Saraswati, Sarada Tilaka <sup id="cite_ref-ar272_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ar272-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p></blockquote><p> Saraswati menjadi dewa yang terkenal dalam ikonografi Buddha - pemula Manjushri pada 1   milenium   CE. Dalam sesetengah keadaan seperti di <i>Sadhanamala</i> penganut Budha, dia telah secara simbolik mewakili ikonografi Hindu serantau, tetapi tidak seperti penggambaran Saraswati yang lebih terkenal. <sup id="cite_ref-tdonaldson_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tdonaldson-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Simbolisme_dan_ikonografi">Simbolisme dan ikonografi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saraswati&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bahagian: Simbolisme dan ikonografi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saraswati&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Simbolisme dan ikonografi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5938181/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:224px;max-width:224px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:2_Hindu_deity_Sarasvati_Saraswati_on_ceramic_tile_in_Munnar_Kerala_India_March_2014.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/2_Hindu_deity_Sarasvati_Saraswati_on_ceramic_tile_in_Munnar_Kerala_India_March_2014.jpg/220px-2_Hindu_deity_Sarasvati_Saraswati_on_ceramic_tile_in_Munnar_Kerala_India_March_2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="292" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/2_Hindu_deity_Sarasvati_Saraswati_on_ceramic_tile_in_Munnar_Kerala_India_March_2014.jpg/330px-2_Hindu_deity_Sarasvati_Saraswati_on_ceramic_tile_in_Munnar_Kerala_India_March_2014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/2_Hindu_deity_Sarasvati_Saraswati_on_ceramic_tile_in_Munnar_Kerala_India_March_2014.jpg/440px-2_Hindu_deity_Sarasvati_Saraswati_on_ceramic_tile_in_Munnar_Kerala_India_March_2014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="905" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Saraswathidavanagere.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Saraswathidavanagere.JPG/220px-Saraswathidavanagere.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Saraswathidavanagere.JPG/330px-Saraswathidavanagere.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Saraswathidavanagere.JPG/440px-Saraswathidavanagere.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Saraswati images are depicted with symbolism.</div></div></div></div><p> Dewi Saraswati sering digambarkan sebagai seorang wanita cantik yang berpakaian putih tulen, sering duduk di atas teratai putih, yang melambangkan cahaya, pengetahuan dan kebenaran. <sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beliau bukan sahaja merangkumi pengetahuan tetapi juga pengalaman realiti tertinggi. Ikonografinya biasanya dalam tema putih dari pakaian ke bunga ke angsa - warna yang melambangkan Sattwa Guna atau kemurnian, diskriminasi untuk pengetahuan yang benar, wawasan dan kebijaksanaan. <sup id="cite_ref-jholm_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jholm-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mantra dhyana menggambarkannya sebagai putih seperti bulan, berpakaian putih, berpakaian putih dengan hiasan putih, memancarkan kecantikan, memegang buku dan pena di tangannya (buku ini mewakili pengetahuan). <sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dia biasanya ditunjukkan mempunyai empat lengan, tetapi kadang-kadang hanya dua. Apabila ditunjukkan dengan empat tangan, tangan itu secara simbol mencerminkan suami empat Brahma, yang mewakili <i>manas</i> (akal, akal), <i>buddhi</i> (akal, pemikiran), <i>citta</i> (imaginasi, kreativiti), dan <i>ahamkāra</i> (kesadaran diri, ego). <sup id="cite_ref-gpollock_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gpollock-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Brahma mewakili abstrak, sementara ia mewakili tindakan dan realiti. </p><p>Empat tangan memegang barang dengan makna simbolik - <i>pustaka</i> (buku atau skrip), <i>mālā</i> ( <i>rosary</i>, garland), periuk air dan alat muzik (vīnā). Buku yang dipegangnya melambangkan <a href="/wiki/Veda" title="Veda">Vedas yang</a> mewakili pengetahuan sejagat, ilahi, abadi, dan benar serta semua bentuk pembelajaran. A mila kristal, yang mewakili kuasa meditasi, refleksi dalaman dan kerohanian. Sebuah periuk air mewakili kuasa pembersihan untuk memisahkan yang betul dari yang salah, yang bersih dari najis, dan intipati dari yang tidak penting. Dalam beberapa teks, periuk air adalah simbol bagi soma - minuman yang membebaskan dan membawa kepada pengetahuan. Ciri yang paling terkenal di Saraswati adalah alat muzik bernama veena, mewakili semua seni dan sains kreatif, <sup id="cite_ref-gpollock_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gpollock-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dan memegangnya melambangkan mengekspresikan pengetahuan yang menciptakan keharmonisan. <sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Saraswati juga dikaitkan dengan <i>anurāga</i>, cinta dan irama muzik, yang mewakili semua emosi dan perasaan yang dinyatakan dalam ucapan atau muzik. </p><p>A hamsa atau angsa sering ditunjukkan berhampiran kakinya. Dalam <a href="/wiki/Mitologi_Hindu" title="Mitologi Hindu">mitologi Hindu</a>, hamsa adalah burung suci, yang jika ditawarkan campuran susu dan air, dikatakan dapat minum susu itu sendiri. Oleh itu ia melambangkan keupayaan untuk mendiskriminasi antara baik dan jahat, intipati dari persembahan ke luar, dan kekal dari evanescent. <sup id="cite_ref-gpollock_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gpollock-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Oleh kerana persatuannya dengan angsa, Saraswati juga dirujuk sebagai <i>Hamsavāhini</i>, yang bermaksud " <i>dia yang memiliki hamsa sebagai kenderaannya</i> ". Angsa juga merupakan simbol untuk kesempurnaan rohani, transendensi dan moksha. <sup id="cite_ref-jholm_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jholm-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kadang-kadang <i>citramekhala</i> (juga disebut <i>mayura</i>, merak ) ditunjukkan di sebelah dewi. Merak melambangkan kemegahan berwarna-warni, perayaan tarian, dan - sebagai pemakan ular - keupayaan alchemical untuk memulihkan racun serpihan diri ke dalam bulu terang pencerahan. <sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><br /> </br> Dia biasanya digambarkan berhampiran sungai yang mengalir atau badan air lain, yang penggambarannya boleh merujuk kepada sejarah awalnya sebagai dewi sungai. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Saraswati_menjadi_sungai">Saraswati menjadi sungai</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saraswati&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bahagian: Saraswati menjadi sungai" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saraswati&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Saraswati menjadi sungai"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dalam beberapa teks ditulis bahawa sekali ada pertempuran dahsyat Bhargavas dan Hehayas, dari ini semua api yang dapat menghancurkan segala sesuatu dilahirkan dipanggil Vadavagni. Para dewa bimbang dan mereka pergi ke <a href="/wiki/Mahadeva" title="Mahadeva">Shiva</a> . Shiva mencadangkan agar mereka pergi ke Saraswati untuk mendapatkan bantuan kerana dia dapat menjadi sungai dan membenamkan Vadavagni di lautan. Semua dewa dan devis pergi ke Saraswati dan meminta dia untuk melindungi alam semesta. Dia memberitahu bahawa dia hanya akan bersetuju jika isterinya, <a href="/wiki/Brahma" title="Brahma">Bramha</a> memberitahunya untuk berbuat demikian. Kemudian mereka semua pergi ke Bramha dan Bramha kepada Saraswati untuk menjadi sungai. Saraswati bersetuju dan meninggalkan brahmaloka dan tiba di bumi di ashram sage uttanka. Di sana dia berjumpa Shiva. Dia memberikan Vadavagni dalam periuk ke Saraswati dan memberitahu dia berasal dari pokok Plaksha. Pohon Plaksha bersedia menanggung Saraswati dan kemudian Saraswati bergabung dengan pohon itu dan berubah menjadi sungai. Dari sana dia mengalir menuju <a href="/wiki/Pushkar" title="Pushkar">Pushkar</a>. <sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Saraswati meneruskan perjalanannya ke laut. Akhirnya, dia sampai di akhir perjalanannya dan menenggelamkan api di lautan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Manifestasi_serantau_Saraswati">Manifestasi serantau Saraswati</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saraswati&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bahagian: Manifestasi serantau Saraswati" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saraswati&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Manifestasi serantau Saraswati"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Saravati_statue_Dhaka_University.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Saravati_statue_Dhaka_University.jpg/220px-Saravati_statue_Dhaka_University.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Saravati_statue_Dhaka_University.jpg/330px-Saravati_statue_Dhaka_University.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Saravati_statue_Dhaka_University.jpg/440px-Saravati_statue_Dhaka_University.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2112" data-file-height="2816" /></a><figcaption> Patung Saraswati di <a href="/wiki/Universiti_Dhaka" title="Universiti Dhaka">Universiti Dhaka</a> </figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Avatar">Avatar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saraswati&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Sunting bahagian: Avatar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saraswati&action=edit&section=7" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Avatar"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Terdapat banyak avatar Dewi Saraswati. <a href="/wiki/Brahma" title="Brahma">Savitri</a> dan Gayatri dianggap sebagai dua isteri Brahma. Mahasaraswati juga merupakan satu bentuk Saraswati. Dia juga mengambil Matrika (avatar Warrior) sebagai Brahmani. Saraswati bukan hanya dewi pengetahuan dan kebijaksanaan tetapi juga dia Brahmavidya sendiri, dewi kebijaksanaan kebenaran mutlak. Bentuk mahavidhya beliau adalah Matangi dan Tara mahavidhya dia manifests  : sebagai <a href="/wiki/Parvati" title="Parvati">Parvati</a> dia adalah Vagbhavashwari, kebenaran mutlak! sebagai <a href="/wiki/Lakshmi" title="Lakshmi">Lakshmi</a> dia adalah Vidyalakshmi, memberikan pengetahuan kepada para pencari sebagai Buddhi, ia melindungi anak-anaknya dari Maya, isteri <a href="/wiki/Ganesha" title="Ganesha">Ganesha yang lain</a>, Siddhi sendiri sebagai Parijata, dia adalah pohon yang memenuhi kehendak. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Maha_Saraswati">Maha Saraswati</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saraswati&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Sunting bahagian: Maha Saraswati" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saraswati&action=edit&section=8" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Maha Saraswati"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Di beberapa wilayah di India, seperti Vindhya, <a href="/wiki/Orissa" class="mw-redirect" title="Orissa">Odisha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Benggala_Barat" title="Benggala Barat">Bengal Barat</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Assam" title="Assam">Assam</a>, serta Nepal timur, Saraswati adalah sebahagian daripada mitologi Devi Mahatmya, dalam trinitas ( <i>Tridevi</i> ) Mahakali, <a href="/wiki/Lakshmi" title="Lakshmi">Mahalakshmi</a> dan Mahasaraswati . <sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ini adalah salah satu daripada banyak legenda Hindu yang cuba menjelaskan bagaimana tritunggal tuhan Hindu (Brahma, Vishnu dan Shiva) dan dewi (Saraswati, Lakshmi dan Parvati) muncul. Pelbagai teks <a href="/wiki/Purana" title="Purana">Purana</a> menawarkan legenda alternatif untuk Maha Saraswati. <sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Maha Saraswati digambarkan sebagai lapan bersenjata dan sering digambarkan memegang Veena sambil duduk di atas bunga teratai putih. </p><p>Her Dhyana shloka diberikan pada awal bab kelima Devi Mahatmya ialah: </p> <dl><dd>Dengan menggunakan tangannya, bel, trident, ploughshare, conch, pestle, discus, bow, dan arrow, kilauannya mirip dengan bulan yang bersinar di langit musim luruh. Dia dilahirkan dari badan Gauri dan merupakan pangkalan tiga alam. Bahawa Mahasaraswati saya sembah di sini yang menghancurkan Sumbha dan asura lainnya. <sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p>Mahasaraswati juga merupakan sebahagian daripada legenda lain, <i>Navshaktis</i> (tidak dapat dikelirukan dengan <i>Navdurgas</i> ), atau sembilan bentuk Shakti, iaitu Brahmi, Vaishnavi, Maheshwari, Kaumari, Varahi, Narsimhi, Aindri, Shivdooti dan Chamunda, yang dianggap sebagai dewi yang kuat dan berbahaya di timur India. Mereka mempunyai kepentingan khusus di <i>Navaratri</i> di rantau ini. Kesemuanya ini dilihat sebagai aspek dari satu dewi Hindu yang hebat, dengan Maha Saraswati sebagai salah satu daripada sembilan. <sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mahavidya_Nila_Saraswati">Mahavidya Nila Saraswati</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saraswati&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Sunting bahagian: Mahavidya Nila Saraswati" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saraswati&action=edit&section=9" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Mahavidya Nila Saraswati"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Di Tibet dan sebahagian dari India, Nilasaraswati kadang-kadang dianggap sebagai bentuk Mahavidya Tara . Nila Saraswati tidak banyak dewa yang berbeda dari Saraswati tradisional, yang menanamkan pengetahuan dan tenaga kreatifnya dalam kesusastraan tantrik. Walaupun bentuk tradisional Saraswati adalah tenang, penuh kasih sayang dan damai: Nila Sarasvati adalah manifestasi <i>ugra</i> (marah, kekerasan, merusak) di satu sekolah agama Hindu, sementara Saraswati yang lebih umum adalah <i>saumya</i> (tenang, penuh belas kasihan, produktif) manifestasi yang terdapat di kebanyakan orang lain. Dalam kesusasteraan tantrik bekas, Nilasaraswati mempunyai 100   nama. Terdapat dhyana shlokas dan <a href="/wiki/Mantera" title="Mantera">mantra</a> yang berasingan untuk ibadahnya di Tantrasara . <sup id="cite_ref-davidkinsley_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-davidkinsley-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dia dipuja di bahagian India sebagai inkarnasi atau inkarnasi Dewi Tara tetapi di luar India Dia tidak hanya disembah tetapi juga dinyatakan sebagai bentuk Dewi Saraswati.     </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sharada_avatar_di_Kashmir_dan_Haryana">Sharada avatar di Kashmir dan Haryana</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saraswati&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Sunting bahagian: Sharada avatar di Kashmir dan Haryana" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saraswati&action=edit&section=10" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Sharada avatar di Kashmir dan Haryana"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Buddhist_University_-_Sharda,_Neelum_Valley_Pakistan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Buddhist_University_-_Sharda%2C_Neelum_Valley_Pakistan.jpg/220px-Buddhist_University_-_Sharda%2C_Neelum_Valley_Pakistan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Buddhist_University_-_Sharda%2C_Neelum_Valley_Pakistan.jpg/330px-Buddhist_University_-_Sharda%2C_Neelum_Valley_Pakistan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Buddhist_University_-_Sharda%2C_Neelum_Valley_Pakistan.jpg/440px-Buddhist_University_-_Sharda%2C_Neelum_Valley_Pakistan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption> Kuil Sharada Peeth di kampung Sharda di PoK. </figcaption></figure> <p>Sharada Peeth adalah sebuah <a href="/wiki/Kuil_Hindu" title="Kuil Hindu">kuil Hindu yang</a> ditinggalkan dan pusat pembelajaran purba di sepanjang Sungai Kishanganga di kampung Sharda di <a href="/wiki/Kashmir" class="mw-redirect" title="Kashmir">Pakistan yang ditadbir Kashmir</a> . Antara 6 dan ke-12 Masihi, ia adalah salah satu pusat utama pengajian tinggi di <a href="/wiki/Subbenua_India" title="Subbenua India">benua kecil India</a>, <sup id="cite_ref-Raina_2013_191_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Raina_2013_191-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> hosting sarjana seperti Kalhana, <a href="/wiki/Sankaracharya" title="Sankaracharya">Adi Shankara</a>, <sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vairotsana, <sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kumarajiva, <sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_34-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dan Thonmi Sambhota . <sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_34-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ia juga dikatakan di mana Pāṇini   dan Hemachandra menyelesaikan dan menyimpan tulisan mereka mengenai tatabahasa <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> . <sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Skrip Sharada adalah skrip asli <a href="/wiki/Kashmir" class="mw-redirect" title="Kashmir">Kashmir</a> dan dinamakan selepas Śāradā, <sup id="cite_ref-hindu2_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hindu2-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> nama lain untuk Saraswati, dewi pembelajaran. </p><p>Sebagai sebahagian daripada INR1200 crore Morni ke pelan pembangunan pelancongan Kalesar yang diumumkan pada Januari 2019, Kerajaan Haryana sedang membangunkan <a href="/wiki/Raipur_Rani" title="Raipur Rani">kuil Sharda Mata</a> bersejarah <a href="/wiki/Raipur_Rani" title="Raipur Rani">Chotta Trilokpur</a>, bersama dengan kuil Kalesar Mahadev, Tirth Kapal Mochan, kuil Panchmukhi Hanuman Basatiyawala, ibu kota Lohgarh Banda Singh Bahadur . <sup id="cite_ref-kalesardev1_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kalesardev1-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Menyembah">Menyembah</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saraswati&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Sunting bahagian: Menyembah" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saraswati&action=edit&section=11" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Menyembah"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kuil">Kuil</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saraswati&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Sunting bahagian: Kuil" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saraswati&action=edit&section=12" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Kuil"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sharada Peeth Purba di Azad Kashmir Pakistan adalah salah satu kuil yang tertua di Saraswati. </p><p>Terdapat banyak kuil yang didedikasikan untuk Saraswati di seluruh dunia. Beberapa kuil yang terkenal termasuk Kuil Gnana Saraswati di Basar di tepi Sungai Godavari, Warangal Saraswati dan kuil Shri Saraswati Kshetramu di Medak, <a href="/wiki/Telangana" title="Telangana">Telangana</a>. Di <a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a>, salah satu tempat ziarah Saraswati / Sharada adalah Shringeri Sharadamba Temple. Di daerah Ernakulam, <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a> terdapat sebuah kuil Saraswati yang terkenal di Utara Paravur, iaitu Dakshina Mookambika Temple North Paravur . Di Tamil Nadu, Koothanur menjadi tuan rumah sebuah kuil Saraswati </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Koothanur_sarasvathitemple.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Koothanur_sarasvathitemple.jpg/200px-Koothanur_sarasvathitemple.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d3/Koothanur_sarasvathitemple.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="329" /></a><figcaption> Candi Sarasvati di Koothanur di Tamil Nadu </figcaption></figure> <p>kira-kira 25 kilometer dari Tiruvarur. Dalam identiti beliau sebagai Brahmani, candi tambahan Sarasvati dapat ditemui di seluruh Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Rajasthan, dan Uttar Pradesh. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Perayaan">Perayaan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saraswati&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Sunting bahagian: Perayaan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saraswati&action=edit&section=13" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Perayaan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Salah satu perayaan yang paling terkenal dengan Dewi Saraswati ialah pesta Hindu Vasant Panchami. Dihidangkan pada hari ke-5 dalam bulan kalendar Magha (bulan), ia juga dikenali sebagai Saraswati Puja dan Saraswati Jayanti di India. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Saraswati_Puja_di_Timur_dan_Timur_Laut_India">Saraswati Puja di Timur dan Timur Laut India</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saraswati&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Sunting bahagian: Saraswati Puja di Timur dan Timur Laut India" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saraswati&action=edit&section=14" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Saraswati Puja di Timur dan Timur Laut India"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Di <a href="/wiki/Assam" title="Assam">Assam</a> <a href="/wiki/Benggala_Barat" title="Benggala Barat">, Bengal Barat</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Tripura" title="Tripura">Tripura</a>, Dewi Saraswati disembah di Vasant Panchami, pesta Hindu yang dirayakan setiap tahun pada ke-5   hari dalam bulan kalendar Hindu Magha (kira-kira bulan Februari). Penganut Hindu meraikan pesta ini di kuil-kuil, rumah dan institusi pendidikan. <sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Saraswati_Puja_di_Utara,_Barat_dan_Tengah_India"><span id="Saraswati_Puja_di_Utara.2C_Barat_dan_Tengah_India"></span>Saraswati Puja di Utara, Barat dan Tengah India</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saraswati&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Sunting bahagian: Saraswati Puja di Utara, Barat dan Tengah India" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saraswati&action=edit&section=15" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Saraswati Puja di Utara, Barat dan Tengah India"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Di <a href="/wiki/Bihar" title="Bihar">Bihar</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Jharkhand" title="Jharkhand">Jharkhand</a>, Vasant Panchami biasanya dikenali sebagai Saraswati Puja . Pada hari ini, Dewi Saraswati disembah di sekolah, kolej, institut pendidikan serta di institut yang berkaitan dengan muzik dan tarian. Program kebudayaan juga dianjurkan di sekolah-sekolah dan institut pada hari ini. Orang terutama pelajar menyembah Dewi Saraswati juga di pandai (sebuah tenda yang terdiri dari kain berwarna-warni, dihiasi dengan lampu dan barang hiasan lain). Di negeri-negeri ini, pada kesempatan Saraswati Puja, Dewi Saraswati disembah dalam bentuk idola, yang terbuat dari tanah. Pada Saraswati Puja, idola disembah oleh orang dan prasad diagihkan di kalangan para penganut setelah puja. Prasad terutamanya terdiri daripada boondi (motichoor), kepingan lobak, kacang dan plum India (ber). Pada keesokan harinya atau pada bila-bila masa bergantung pada keadaan keagamaan, idola dibenamkan di dalam sebuah kolam (dikenali sebagai Murti Visarjan atau Pratima Visarjan) setelah melakukan Havana (pembunuhan), dengan penuh kegembiraan dan kesenangan, bermain dengan abir dan gulal . Selepas Pratima Visarjan, anggota yang terlibat dalam penyelenggaraan upacara puja makan khichdi bersama-sama. </p><p>Di <a href="/wiki/Goa" title="Goa">Goa</a>, <sup id="cite_ref-goa_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-goa-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a>, Saraswati Puja bermula dengan Saraswati Avahan di Maha Saptami dan berakhir di Vijayadashami dengan Saraswati Udasan atau Visarjan.   </p><p>Pada tahun 2018, kerajaan <a href="/wiki/Haryana" title="Haryana">Haryana</a> melancarkan dan menaja tahunan <b>Saraswati Mahotsav Negara</b> dalam keadaan bernama selepas Saraswati. <sup id="cite_ref-maho1_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-maho1-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Saraswati_Puja_di_India_Selatan">Saraswati Puja di India Selatan</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saraswati&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Sunting bahagian: Saraswati Puja di India Selatan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saraswati&action=edit&section=16" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Saraswati Puja di India Selatan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Di <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a>, tiga hari terakhir perayaan Navaratri, iaitu Ashtami, Navami, dan Dashami, dirayakan sebagai Sarasvati Puja. <sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Saraswathi_Devi.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Saraswathi_Devi.JPG/200px-Saraswathi_Devi.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Saraswathi_Devi.JPG/300px-Saraswathi_Devi.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Saraswathi_Devi.JPG/400px-Saraswathi_Devi.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption> Saraswathi Devi idola di rumah. </figcaption></figure> <p>Perayaan bermula dengan Puja Vypu (Tempat Beribadah). Ia terdiri daripada meletakkan buku untuk puja pada hari Ashtami. Ia mungkin di dalam rumah sendiri, di sekolah nurseri tempatan yang dikendalikan oleh guru tradisional, atau di kuil tempatan. Buku-buku itu akan dibawa keluar untuk membaca, selepas ibadah, hanya pada pagi hari ketiga (Vijaya Dashami). Ia dipanggil Puja Eduppu (Mengambil dari Puja). Kanak-kanak gembira, kerana mereka tidak dijangka akan belajar pada hari-hari ini. Pada hari Vijaya Dashami, Kerala dan Tamil Nadu merayakan Ezhuthiniruthu atau Inisiasi Penulisan untuk anak-anak kecil sebelum mereka dimasukkan ke sekolah-sekolah nurseri. Ini juga dipanggil Vidyarambham. Kanak-kanak dibuat untuk menulis buat kali pertama pada penyebaran nasi dalam piring dengan jari telunjuk, dipandu oleh penatua keluarga atau oleh seorang guru. <sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Di_luar_benua_India">Di luar benua India</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saraswati&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Sunting bahagian: Di luar benua India" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saraswati&action=edit&section=17" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Di luar benua India"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Myanmar">Myanmar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saraswati&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Sunting bahagian: Myanmar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saraswati&action=edit&section=18" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Myanmar"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Thurathadi,_Insein_Kyaukdawgyi_Buddha.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Thurathadi%2C_Insein_Kyaukdawgyi_Buddha.JPG/220px-Thurathadi%2C_Insein_Kyaukdawgyi_Buddha.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Thurathadi%2C_Insein_Kyaukdawgyi_Buddha.JPG/330px-Thurathadi%2C_Insein_Kyaukdawgyi_Buddha.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Thurathadi%2C_Insein_Kyaukdawgyi_Buddha.JPG/440px-Thurathadi%2C_Insein_Kyaukdawgyi_Buddha.JPG 2x" data-file-width="787" data-file-height="1049" /></a><figcaption> Patung Thurathadi di Kuil Buddha Kyauktawgyi (Yangon) </figcaption></figure> <p>Di <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Burma</a>, Inskripsi Shwezigon Mon bertarikh 1084 AD, berhampiran Bagan, membaca nama Saraswati seperti berikut, </p> <dl><dd>"Kebijaksanaan kefasihan yang dipanggil Saraswati akan tinggal di mulut Raja Sri Tribhuwanadityadhammaraja sepanjang masa". - Diterjemahkan oleh Than Tun <sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p>Dalam seni Buddha Myanmar, dia dipanggil <i>Thurathadi</i> (atau Thayéthadi). <sup id="cite_ref-Seekins_2006_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Seekins_2006-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:215</sup> Pelajar di Myanmar berdoa untuk berkat sebelum peperiksaan mereka. <sup id="cite_ref-Seekins_2006_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Seekins_2006-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:327</sup> Dia juga dipercayai, di pantainya Mahayana Myanmar, pelindung tulisan suci Buddhis. <sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jepun">Jepun</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saraswati&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Sunting bahagian: Jepun" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saraswati&action=edit&section=19" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Jepun"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Konsep Saraswati berhijrah dari India, melalui China ke Jepun, di mana dia muncul sebagai Benzaiten (弁財天). <sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ibadat Benzaiten tiba di Jepun pada ke-6 hingga ke-8   berabad-abad lamanya. Dia sering digambarkan memegang <i>biwa</i>, sebuah alat muzik tradisional Jepang. Dia diabadikan di banyak lokasi di seluruh Jepun seperti Kuil Zeniarai Benzaiten Ugafuku Kamakura atau Kuil Kawahara Nagoya; <sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tiga kuil terbesar di Jepun dalam penghormatannya adalah di Pulau Enoshima di Sagami Bay, Pulau Chikubu di Lake Biwa, dan Pulau Itsukushima di Laut Inland Seto. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kemboja">Kemboja</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saraswati&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Sunting bahagian: Kemboja" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saraswati&action=edit&section=20" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Kemboja"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Saraswati diberi penghormatan dengan doa-doa di kalangan umat Hindu dari Angkorian <a href="/wiki/Kemboja" title="Kemboja">Kamboja</a>, mencadangkan sebuah abad ke-10 dan satu lagi penulisan abad ke-11. <sup id="cite_ref-oww_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oww-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dia dan Brahma dirujuk dalam epigrafi Kamboja dari abad ke-7 dan seterusnya, dan dia dipuji oleh para penyair Khmer untuk menjadi dewi kecakapan, penulisan dan musik. Lebih banyak persembahan dibuat kepadanya daripada suami Brahma. Dia juga dirujuk sebagai <i>Vagisvari</i> dan <i>Bharati</i> dalam kesusasteraan Khmer zaman Yasovarman. <sup id="cite_ref-oww_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oww-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Thailand">Thailand</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saraswati&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Sunting bahagian: Thailand" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saraswati&action=edit&section=21" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Thailand"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dalam kesusasteraan kuno Thai, Saraswati (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Thai" title="Bahasa Thai">Bahasa Thai</a>: <span title="Thai-language text"><span lang="th">สุรัสวดี</span></span><span class="lang-comment" style="font-style: normal; display: none; color: #33aa33; margin-left: 0.3em;">code: th is deprecated </span>; <small><a href="/wiki/Sistem_Am_Transkripsi_Diraja_Thai" title="Sistem Am Transkripsi Diraja Thai">RTGS</a>: </small><span title="Royal Thai General System of Transcription"><span style="font-style: inherit" lang="th-Latn"><i>Suratsawadi</i></span></span>) adalah dewi ucapan dan pembelajaran, dan pendeta Brahma. <sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dari masa ke masa, konsep Hindu dan Buddha mengenai dewa bergabung di Thailand. Ikon Saraswati dengan dewa-dewa India lain ditemui di <i>wat</i> Thai lama. <sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Amulet dengan Saraswati dan merak juga terdapat di Thailand. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indonesia">Indonesia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saraswati&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Sunting bahagian: Indonesia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saraswati&action=edit&section=22" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Indonesia"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Watugunung, hari terakhir kalendar pawukon, ditujukan kepada Saraswati, dewi pembelajaran. Walaupun ia ditujukan kepada buku, bacaan tidak dibenarkan. Hari keempat tahun ini dipanggil Pagerwesi, yang bermaksud "pagar besi". Ia memperingati pertempuran antara baik dan jahat. <sup id="cite_ref-Eiseman184185_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eiseman184185-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Saraswati adalah dewi penting dalam Hindu Bali. Dia berkongsi sifat dan ikonografi yang sama seperti Saraswati dalam kesusasteraan Hindu India - di kedua tempat itu, dia adalah dewi pengetahuan, seni kreatif, kebijaksanaan, bahasa, pembelajaran dan kesucian. Di <a href="/wiki/Pulau_Bali" class="mw-redirect" title="Pulau Bali">Bali</a>, dia disambut pada hari Saraswati, salah satu perayaan utama bagi umat Hindu di Indonesia.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hari menandakan penutupan 210   tahun di kalendar Pawukon. <sup id="cite_ref-msz_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-msz-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pada hari Saraswati, orang membuat persembahan berupa bunga di kuil-kuil dan teks suci. Sehari selepas hari Saraswati, adalah <i>Banyu Pinaruh</i>, hari pembersihan. Pada hari ini, Hindu dari Bali pergi ke laut, air terjun suci atau tempat-tempat sungai, berdoa kepada Saraswati, dan kemudian bilas diri mereka di dalam air pada waktu pagi. Kemudian mereka menyiapkan pesta, seperti <i>bebek betutu</i> tradisional dan <i>nasi kuning</i>, yang mereka bagikan.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Perayaan Hari Saraswati mempunyai sejarah yang panjang di Bali. <sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ia telah menjadi semakin meluas dalam masyarakat Hindu Indonesia dalam beberapa dekad kebelakangan ini, dan ia disambut dengan prestasi teater dan tarian. <sup id="cite_ref-msz_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-msz-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tibet">Tibet</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saraswati&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Sunting bahagian: Tibet" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saraswati&action=edit&section=23" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Tibet"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Di Tibet, dia dikenali sebagai <i>Yang chen ma</i> (Dewi / Muzik Dewi), <sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> atau <i>Yang chen drolma</i> (Nyanyi / Muzik Tara) dianggap sebagai pemula Mañjuśri, Buddha Kebijaksanaan, ia adalah salah satu dari 21 Taras.<sup id="cite_ref-Sherab2007p65_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sherab2007p65-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Saraswati adalah Perwujudan Ilahi & penasihat Kurniawan & Inspirasi, penasihat seni, sains, muzik, bahasa, kesusasteraan, sejarah, puisi & falsafah, semua yang terlibat dalam usaha kreatif dalam Buddhisme Tibet. Dia dianggap sebagai manifestasi damai Palden Lhamo (Dewi Mulia). Dalam tradisi Gelugpa itu, Palden Lhamo dikenali sebagai Magzor Gyalmo (Permaisuri yang menangkis Tentera<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) dan merupakan terbitan marah Saraswati sambil pelindung. Saraswati adalah yidam (dewa meditational peribadi utama) pada ke-14   abad ke Tibet, biarawan Je Tsongkhapa. Beliau menyusun puisi kebaktian kepadanya.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dia dipercayai dalam tradisi Tibet untuk menemani beliau dalam perjalanannya, serta sering terlibat dalam perbualan dengannya.   </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lihat_juga">Lihat juga</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saraswati&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Sunting bahagian: Lihat juga" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saraswati&action=edit&section=24" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Lihat juga"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="div-col columns column-count column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2;"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aban&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aban (laman tidak wujud)">Aban</a>, "Air", yang mewakili dan diwakili oleh Aredvi Sura Anahita.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anahita&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anahita (laman tidak wujud)">Anahita</a> – dewi kuno Persia Lama</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arachosia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arachosia (laman tidak wujud)">Arachosia</a> yang berasal dari Iran Lama <i>* Harahvatī </i> (Avestan <i><span title="Avesta-language romanization"><i lang="ae-Latn">Haraxˇaitī</i></span></i>, Persia Lama <i> Hara (h) uvati- </i>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athena" title="Athena">Athena</a> - dewi kebijaksanaan dan pengetahuan Yunani</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A1ga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sága (laman tidak wujud)">Sága</a> - dewi Norse pembelajaran dan pengetahuan</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brahmani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brahmani (laman tidak wujud)"> Brahmi</a> - Versi Shaktidharmik Saraswati</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hara_Berezaiti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hara Berezaiti (laman tidak wujud)">Hara Berezaiti</a>, "Hara Tinggi", gunung mitos yang berasal dari sungai <i> * Harahvatī '.</i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minerva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minerva (laman tidak wujud)">Minerva</a> - dewi kebijaksanaan dan pengetahuan Rom</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhea_(mitologi)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rhea (mitologi) (laman tidak wujud)"> Rhea</a> - konsert dewi Yunani Cronos dan ibu dewa dan titans</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saraswati_Puja&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saraswati Puja (laman tidak wujud)">Saraswati Puja</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sungai_Sarasvati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sungai Sarasvati (laman tidak wujud)">Sungai Sarasvati</a>, manifestasi dewi Saraswati.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saraswati_Vandana_Mantra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saraswati Vandana Mantra (laman tidak wujud)">Saraswati Vandana Mantra</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saraswati_yoga_(astrologi_Hindu)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saraswati yoga (astrologi Hindu) (laman tidak wujud)">Saraswati yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sharada_Peeth&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sharada Peeth (laman tidak wujud)">Sharada Peeth</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tara_(Devi)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tara (Devi) (laman tidak wujud)">Tara (Devi)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tridevi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tridevi (laman tidak wujud)">Tridevi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trikaranasuddhi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trikaranasuddhi (laman tidak wujud)">Trikaranasuddhi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuil_Koothanur_Maha_Saraswathi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kuil Koothanur Maha Saraswathi (laman tidak wujud)">Kuil Koothanur Maha Saraswathi</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Petikan">Petikan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saraswati&veaction=edit&section=25" title="Sunting bahagian: Petikan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saraswati&action=edit&section=25" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Petikan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6173370">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-elizabeth204-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-elizabeth204_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5110723">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFDowlingScarlett2005" class="citation book cs1">Dowling, Elizabeth; Scarlett, W George (2005). <i>Encyclopedia of Religious and Spiritual Development</i>. SAGE Publications. m/s. 204. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0761928836" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0761928836"><bdi>978-0761928836</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Religious+and+Spiritual+Development&rft.pages=204&rft.pub=SAGE+Publications&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0761928836&rft.aulast=Dowling&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft.au=Scarlett%2C+W+George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASaraswati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kinsley1988-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kinsley1988_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFKinsley1988" class="citation book cs1">Kinsley, David (1988). <i>Hindu Goddesses: Vision of the divine feminine in the Hindu religious traditions</i>. University of California Press. m/s. 55–64. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/0-520063392" title="Khas:Sumber buku/0-520063392"><bdi>0-520063392</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hindu+Goddesses%3A+Vision+of+the+divine+feminine+in+the+Hindu+religious+traditions&rft.pages=55-64&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=0-520063392&rft.aulast=Kinsley&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASaraswati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Encyclopaedia of Hinduism</i>. Sarup & Sons. m/s. 1214. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-81-7625-064-1" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-81-7625-064-1"><bdi>978-81-7625-064-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+Hinduism&rft.pages=1214&rft.pub=Sarup+%26+Sons&rft.isbn=978-81-7625-064-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASaraswati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-davidkinsley-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-davidkinsley_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-davidkinsley_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-davidkinsley_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFKinsley1988" class="citation book cs1">Kinsley, David (1988). <i>Hindu Goddesses: Vision of the divine feminine in the Hindu religious traditions</i>. University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/0-520-06339-2" title="Khas:Sumber buku/0-520-06339-2"><bdi>0-520-06339-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hindu+Goddesses%3A+Vision+of+the+divine+feminine+in+the+Hindu+religious+traditions&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=0-520-06339-2&rft.aulast=Kinsley&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASaraswati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140923070714/http://knowindia.gov.in/knowindia/state_uts.php?id=79">"Vasant Panchami Saraswati Puja"</a>. Know India – Odisha Fairs and Festivals. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://knowindia.gov.in/knowindia/state_uts.php?id=79">yang asal</a> pada 23 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vasant+Panchami+Saraswati+Puja&rft.series=Know+India+%E2%80%93+Odisha+Fairs+and+Festivals&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fknowindia.gov.in%2Fknowindia%2Fstate_uts.php%3Fid%3D79&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASaraswati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151004145450/http://www.assemblies.org.uk/pri/1612/the-festival-of-vasant-panchami-a-new-beginning">"The festival of Vasant Panchami: A new beginning"</a>. United Kingdom: Alan Barker. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.assemblies.org.uk/pri/1612/the-festival-of-vasant-panchami-a-new-beginning">yang asal</a> pada 4 Oktober 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+festival+of+Vasant+Panchami%3A+A+new+beginning&rft.place=United+Kingdom&rft.pub=Alan+Barker&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.assemblies.org.uk%2Fpri%2F1612%2Fthe-festival-of-vasant-panchami-a-new-beginning&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASaraswati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BMA-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BMA_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19980514044647/http://www.artsbma.org/"><i>Guide to the collection</i></a>. Birmingham Museum of Art. <a href="/wiki/Birmingham,_Alabama" title="Birmingham, Alabama">Birmingham, Alabama</a>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Birmingham_Museum_of_Art&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Birmingham Museum of Art (laman tidak wujud)">Birmingham Museum of Art</a>. 2010. m/s. 55. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1-904832-77-5" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1-904832-77-5"><bdi>978-1-904832-77-5</bdi></a>. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://artsbma.org">yang asal</a> pada 14 Mei 1998.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Guide+to+the+collection&rft.place=Birmingham%2C+Alabama&rft.series=Birmingham+Museum+of+Art&rft.pages=55&rft.pub=Birmingham+Museum+of+Art&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-904832-77-5&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fartsbma.org&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASaraswati" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|dead-url=</code> ignored (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tdonaldson-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tdonaldson_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tdonaldson_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFDonaldson2001" class="citation book cs1">Donaldson, Thomas (2001). <i>Iconography of the Buddhist Sculpture of Orissa</i>. m/s. 274–275. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-8170174066" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-8170174066"><bdi>978-8170174066</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Iconography+of+the+Buddhist+Sculpture+of+Orissa&rft.pages=274-275&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-8170174066&rft.aulast=Donaldson&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASaraswati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141204112824/http://spokensanskrit.de/index.php?script=HK&beginning=0+&tinput=surasa&trans=Translate&direction=AU"><i>Sanskrit English Dictionary,</i></a>. Koeln, Germany: University of Koeln. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://spokensanskrit.de/index.php?script=HK&beginning=0+&tinput=surasa&trans=Translate&direction=AU">yang asal</a> pada 4 Disember 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sanskrit+English+Dictionary%2C&rft.place=Koeln%2C+Germany&rft.pub=University+of+Koeln&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fspokensanskrit.de%2Findex.php%3Fscript%3DHK%26beginning%3D0%2B%26tinput%3Dsurasa%26trans%3DTranslate%26direction%3DAU&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASaraswati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jmuir-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-jmuir_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jmuir_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jmuir_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jmuir_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFMuir" class="citation book cs1">Muir, John. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ymLZAAAAMAAJ"><i>Original Sanskrit Texts on the Origin and History of the People of India – Their Religions and Institutions</i></a>. <b>5</b>. m/s. 337–347 – melalui Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Original+Sanskrit+Texts+on+the+Origin+and+History+of+the+People+of+India+%E2%80%93+Their+Religions+and+Institutions&rft.pages=337-347&rft.aulast=Muir&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DymLZAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASaraswati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFColbrooke" class="citation book cs1">Colbrooke, H.T. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160310162311/https://archive.org/stream/essaysonreligio01colegoog"><i>Sacred writings of the Hindus</i></a>. London, UK: Williams & Norgate. m/s. 16–17. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/essaysonreligio01colegoog#page/n28/mode/2up">yang asal</a> pada 10 Mac 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sacred+writings+of+the+Hindus&rft.place=London%2C+UK&rft.pages=16-17&rft.pub=Williams+%26+Norgate&rft.aulast=Colbrooke&rft.aufirst=H.T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fessaysonreligio01colegoog%23page%2Fn28%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASaraswati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-emoor-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-emoor_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFMoor,_Edward" class="citation book cs1">Moor, Edward. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ce2oxAVsZWgC&pg=PA125"><i>The Hindu Pantheon</i></a>. m/s. 125–127 – melalui Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Hindu+Pantheon&rft.pages=125-127&rft.au=Moor%2C+Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCe2oxAVsZWgC%26pg%3DPA125&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASaraswati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090427203916/http://www.stephen-knapp.com/sarasvati_goddess_of_learning.htm">"Sarasvati, The Goddess of Learning"</a>. Stephen Knapp. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stephen-knapp.com/sarasvati_goddess_of_learning.htm">yang asal</a> pada 27 April 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sarasvati%2C+The+Goddess+of+Learning&rft.pub=Stephen+Knapp&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stephen-knapp.com%2Fsarasvati_goddess_of_learning.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASaraswati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ebalf-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ebalf_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ebalf_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFBalf" class="citation book cs1">Balf, Edward. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iU0OAAAAQAAJ"><i>The Encyclopædia of India and of Eastern and Southern Asia</i></a>. m/s. 534 – melalui Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclop%C3%A6dia+of+India+and+of+Eastern+and+Southern+Asia&rft.pages=534&rft.aulast=Balf&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiU0OAAAAQAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASaraswati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dk95-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dk95_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFKinsley1988" class="citation book cs1">Kinsley, David (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hgTOZEyrVtIC"><i>Hindu Goddesses: Vision of the divine feminine in the Hindu religious traditions</i></a>. University of California Press. m/s. 95. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/0-520-06339-2" title="Khas:Sumber buku/0-520-06339-2"><bdi>0-520-06339-2</bdi></a> – melalui Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hindu+Goddesses%3A+Vision+of+the+divine+feminine+in+the+Hindu+religious+traditions&rft.pages=95&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=0-520-06339-2&rft.aulast=Kinsley&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhgTOZEyrVtIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASaraswati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFReaderTanabe" class="citation book cs1">Reader, Ian; Tanabe, George J. <i>Practically Religious: Worldly benefits and the common religion of Japan</i>. University of Hawaii Press. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0824820909" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0824820909"><bdi>978-0824820909</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Practically+Religious%3A+Worldly+benefits+and+the+common+religion+of+Japan&rft.pub=University+of+Hawaii+Press&rft.isbn=978-0824820909&rft.aulast=Reader&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft.au=Tanabe%2C+George+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASaraswati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ar272-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ar272_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ar272_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IChFAAAAcAAJ"><i>History and Antiquities, the Arts, Sciences and Literature of Asia</i></a>. Asiatic Researches. <b>3</b>. London, UK. m/s. 272–273 – melalui Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+and+Antiquities%2C+the+Arts%2C+Sciences+and+Literature+of+Asia&rft.place=London%2C+UK&rft.series=Asiatic+Researches&rft.pages=272-273&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIChFAAAAcAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASaraswati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFLudvík2007" class="citation book cs1">Ludvík, Catherine (2007). <i>Sarasvatī, Riverine Goddess of Knowledge: From the Manuscript-carrying Vīṇā-player to the Weapon-wielding Defender of the Dharma</i>. BRILL. m/s. 1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sarasvat%C4%AB%2C+Riverine+Goddess+of+Knowledge%3A+From+the+Manuscript-carrying+V%C4%AB%E1%B9%87%C4%81-player+to+the+Weapon-wielding+Defender+of+the+Dharma&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Ludv%C3%ADk&rft.aufirst=Catherine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASaraswati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jholm-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-jholm_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jholm_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFHolmBowke1998" class="citation book cs1">Holm, Jean; Bowke, John (1998). <i>Picturing God</i>. Bloomsbury Academic. m/s. 99–101. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1855671010" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1855671010"><bdi>978-1855671010</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Picturing+God&rft.pages=99-101&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Academic&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-1855671010&rft.aulast=Holm&rft.aufirst=Jean&rft.au=Bowke%2C+John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASaraswati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171016005521/https://www.hafsite.org/resources/hinduism-101-2/Saraswati-Symbolism">"Hinduism 101 Saraswati Symbolism"</a>. <i>Hindu American Foundation (HAF)</i> (dalam bahasa Inggeris). Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hafsite.org/resources/hinduism-101-2/Saraswati-Symbolism">yang asal</a> pada 16 Oktober 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">10 Februari</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hindu+American+Foundation+%28HAF%29&rft.atitle=Hinduism+101+Saraswati+Symbolism&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hafsite.org%2Fresources%2Fhinduism-101-2%2FSaraswati-Symbolism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASaraswati" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|dead-url=</code> ignored (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gpollock-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gpollock_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gpollock_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gpollock_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFPollockTurvey-Sauron2008" class="citation book cs1">Pollock, Griselda; Turvey-Sauron, Victoria (2008). <i>The Sacred and the Feminine: Imagination and sexual difference</i>. m/s. 144–147. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1845115203" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1845115203"><bdi>978-1845115203</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sacred+and+the+Feminine%3A+Imagination+and+sexual+difference&rft.pages=144-147&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1845115203&rft.aulast=Pollock&rft.aufirst=Griselda&rft.au=Turvey-Sauron%2C+Victoria&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASaraswati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For Sanskrit to English translation of the four words: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160820092052/http://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/scans/MWScan/tamil/index.html">"Monier Williams' Sanskrit-English Dictionary"</a>. Koeln, Germany: University of Koeln. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/scans/MWScan/tamil/index.html">yang asal</a> pada 20 Ogos 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Monier+Williams%27+Sanskrit-English+Dictionary&rft.place=Koeln%2C+Germany&rft.pub=University+of+Koeln&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de%2Fscans%2FMWScan%2Ftamil%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASaraswati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Some texts refer to her as "goddess of harmony"; for example: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFWilkes" class="citation book cs1">Wilkes, John. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3BnL4ahP4DEC"><i>Encyclopaedia Londinensis</i></a>. <b>22</b>. m/s. 669 – melalui Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+Londinensis&rft.pages=669&rft.aulast=Wilkes&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3BnL4ahP4DEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASaraswati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFSchuon2007" class="citation book cs1">Schuon, Frithjof (2007). <i>Spiritual Perspectives and Human Facts</i>. m/s. 281. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1933316420" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1933316420"><bdi>978-1933316420</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Spiritual+Perspectives+and+Human+Facts&rft.pages=281&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1933316420&rft.aulast=Schuon&rft.aufirst=Frithjof&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASaraswati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFWerness2007" class="citation book cs1">Werness, Hope B. (2007). <i>Animal Symbolism in World Art</i>. Continuum Encyclopedia. Bloomsbury Academic. m/s. 319–320. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0826419132" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0826419132"><bdi>978-0826419132</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Animal+Symbolism+in+World+Art&rft.series=Continuum+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=319-320&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Academic&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0826419132&rft.aulast=Werness&rft.aufirst=Hope+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASaraswati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Saraswati</i>. Amar Chitra Katha. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-93-5085-120-3" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-93-5085-120-3"><bdi>978-93-5085-120-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Saraswati&rft.pub=Amar+Chitra+Katha&rft.isbn=978-93-5085-120-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASaraswati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFLochtefeld" class="citation book cs1">Lochtefeld, James. <i>The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism</i>. <b>A–M</b>. m/s. 408. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0823931804" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0823931804"><bdi>978-0823931804</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Illustrated+Encyclopedia+of+Hinduism&rft.pages=408&rft.isbn=978-0823931804&rft.aulast=Lochtefeld&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASaraswati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFEck2013" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diana_L._Eck&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diana L. Eck (laman tidak wujud)">Eck, Diana L.</a> (2013). <i>India: A sacred geography</i>. Random House. m/s. 265–279. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0385531924" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0385531924"><bdi>978-0385531924</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=India%3A+A+sacred+geography&rft.pages=265-279&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0385531924&rft.aulast=Eck&rft.aufirst=Diana+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASaraswati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFBrown1990" class="citation book cs1">Brown, C. Mackenzie (1990). <i>The Triumph of the Goddess</i>. State University of New York Press. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0791403648" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0791403648"><bdi>978-0791403648</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Triumph+of+the+Goddess&rft.pub=State+University+of+New+York+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0791403648&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=C.+Mackenzie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASaraswati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Glory of the Divine Mother (Devi Mahatmyam) by S.Sankaranarayanan. Prabha Publishers, Chennai. India.(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/81-87936-00-2" title="Khas:Sumber buku/81-87936-00-2">81-87936-00-2</a>) Page. 184</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFLochtefeld" class="citation book cs1">Lochtefeld, James. <i>The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism</i>. <b>N–Z</b>. m/s. 467. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0823931804" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0823931804"><bdi>978-0823931804</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Illustrated+Encyclopedia+of+Hinduism&rft.pages=467&rft.isbn=978-0823931804&rft.aulast=Lochtefeld&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASaraswati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Raina_2013_191-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Raina_2013_191_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFRaina2013" class="citation book cs1">Raina, Mohini Qasba (2013). <i>Kashur: The Kashmiri Speaking People</i>. m/s. 191. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/1490701656" title="Khas:Sumber buku/1490701656"><bdi>1490701656</bdi></a>. <q>The main centre of excellence was at Sharda Peeth - an ancient seat of learning on the banks of the river Kishenganga in the valley of Mount Harmukh.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kashur%3A+The+Kashmiri+Speaking+People&rft.pages=191&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=1490701656&rft.aulast=Raina&rft.aufirst=Mohini+Qasba&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASaraswati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFRaina1994" class="citation book cs1">Raina, Dina Nath (1994). <i>Kashmir - distortions and reality</i>. Michigan: Reliance Publishing House, University of Michigan. m/s. 37. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/8185972524" title="Khas:Sumber buku/8185972524"><bdi>8185972524</bdi></a>. <q>... during which Kashmir emerged as the "Sharda Peeth", a hallowed place for ancient learning.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kashmir+-+distortions+and+reality&rft.place=Michigan&rft.pages=37&rft.pub=Reliance+Publishing+House%2C+University+of+Michigan&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=8185972524&rft.aulast=Raina&rft.aufirst=Dina+Nath&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASaraswati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_34-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_34-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFRaina2013" class="citation book cs1">Raina, Mohini Qasba (2013). <i>Kashur: The Kashmiri Speaking People</i>. m/s. 191. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/1490701656" title="Khas:Sumber buku/1490701656"><bdi>1490701656</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kashur%3A+The+Kashmiri+Speaking+People&rft.pages=191&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=1490701656&rft.aulast=Raina&rft.aufirst=Mohini+Qasba&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASaraswati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFPollock2006" class="citation book cs1">Pollock, Sheldon (2006). <i>The Language of the Gods in the World of Men</i>. Los Angeles: University of California Press. m/s. 182. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/0520245008" title="Khas:Sumber buku/0520245008"><bdi>0520245008</bdi></a>. <q>... accordingly, being stored in its most perfect form in the temple of the Goddess of Speech in the far-off land of Kashmir, from where Hemacandra acquired his supremely authoritative exemplars, grammar was at the same time clearly a precious cultural good, one that could be imported and whose very possession secured high prestige for its possessor.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Language+of+the+Gods+in+the+World+of+Men&rft.place=Los+Angeles&rft.pages=182&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0520245008&rft.aulast=Pollock&rft.aufirst=Sheldon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASaraswati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hindu2-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hindu2_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070204050822/http://www.hindu.com/2006/05/17/stories/2006051704920900.htm">"Pandits to visit Sharda temple"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Hindu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Hindu (laman tidak wujud)">The Hindu</a></i>. 17 Mei 2006. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hindu.com/2006/05/17/stories/2006051704920900.htm">yang asal</a> pada 4 Februari 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">13 Ogos</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Pandits+to+visit+Sharda+temple&rft.date=2006-05-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindu.com%2F2006%2F05%2F17%2Fstories%2F2006051704920900.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASaraswati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kalesardev1-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-kalesardev1_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/haryana/kalesar-kalka-stretch-to-be-promoted-for-tourism/715488.html">"Kalesar-Kalka stretch to be promoted for tourism"</a>. <i>The Tribune</i>. 18 Januari 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Tribune&rft.atitle=Kalesar-Kalka+stretch+to+be+promoted+for+tourism&rft.date=2019-01-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tribuneindia.com%2Fnews%2Fharyana%2Fkalesar-kalka-stretch-to-be-promoted-for-tourism%2F715488.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASaraswati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFRoy2005" class="citation book cs1">Roy, Christian (2005). <i>Traditional Festivals: A multicultural encyclopedia</i>. <b>2</b>. ABC-CLIO. m/s. 192–193. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/9781576070895" title="Khas:Sumber buku/9781576070895"><bdi>9781576070895</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Traditional+Festivals%3A+A+multicultural+encyclopedia&rft.pages=192-193&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9781576070895&rft.aulast=Roy&rft.aufirst=Christian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASaraswati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFKnapp2006" class="citation book cs1">Knapp, Stephen (2006). "The Dharmic Festivals". <i>The Power of the Dharma: An introduction to Hinduism and Vedic culture</i>. iUniverse. m/s. 94. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/9780595837489" title="Khas:Sumber buku/9780595837489"><bdi>9780595837489</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Dharmic+Festivals&rft.btitle=The+Power+of+the+Dharma%3A+An+introduction+to+Hinduism+and+Vedic+culture&rft.pages=94&rft.pub=iUniverse&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9780595837489&rft.aulast=Knapp&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASaraswati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-goa-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-goa_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFKerkar2011" class="citation news cs1">Kerkar, Rajendra (5 Oktober 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180610073619/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/Saraswati-Puja-Worshipping-knowledge-education/articleshow/10242689.cms">"Saraswati Puja: Worshipping knowledge, education"</a>. Times of India. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/Saraswati-Puja-Worshipping-knowledge-education/articleshow/10242689.cms">yang asal</a> pada 10 Jun 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">19 Oktober</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Saraswati+Puja%3A+Worshipping+knowledge%2C+education&rft.date=2011-10-05&rft.aulast=Kerkar&rft.aufirst=Rajendra&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fgoa%2FSaraswati-Puja-Worshipping-knowledge-education%2Farticleshow%2F10242689.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASaraswati" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|dead-url=</code> ignored (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-maho1-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-maho1_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180117131332/http://www.dailypioneer.com/state-editions/chandigarh/haryana-to-celebrate-saraswati-mahotsav-on-jan-28.html">"Haryana to celebrate Saraswati Mahotsav on Jan 28"</a>. <i>The Daily Pioneer</i>. 7 Januari 2017. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailypioneer.com/state-editions/chandigarh/haryana-to-celebrate-saraswati-mahotsav-on-jan-28.html">yang asal</a> pada 17 Januari 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Pioneer&rft.atitle=Haryana+to+celebrate+Saraswati+Mahotsav+on+Jan+28&rft.date=2017-01-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailypioneer.com%2Fstate-editions%2Fchandigarh%2Fharyana-to-celebrate-saraswati-mahotsav-on-jan-28.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASaraswati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131015051420/http://www.rediff.com/getahead/slide-show/slide-show-1-specials-festival-navratri-rituals-golu-saraswati-puja-vidyarambham/20131005.htm#4">"Navratri rituals: Golu, Saraswati puja, Vidyarambham ..."</a> The Deccan Chronicle. 5 Oktober 2013. m/s. 4. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rediff.com/getahead/slide-show/slide-show-1-specials-festival-navratri-rituals-golu-saraswati-puja-vidyarambham/20131005.htm#4">yang asal</a> pada 15 Oktober 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Navratri+rituals%3A+Golu%2C+Saraswati+puja%2C+Vidyarambham+...&rft.pages=4&rft.date=2013-10-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rediff.com%2Fgetahead%2Fslide-show%2Fslide-show-1-specials-festival-navratri-rituals-golu-saraswati-puja-vidyarambham%2F20131005.htm%234&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASaraswati" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|dead-url=</code> ignored (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131014192143/http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Thiruvananthapuram/thiruvananthapuram-gears-up-for-vidyarambham-day/article5224518.ece">"Thiruvananthapuram gears up for Vidyarambham day"</a>. The Hindu. 11 Oktober 2013. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Thiruvananthapuram/thiruvananthapuram-gears-up-for-vidyarambham-day/article5224518.ece">yang asal</a> pada 14 Oktober 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Thiruvananthapuram+gears+up+for+Vidyarambham+day&rft.date=2013-10-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnews%2Fcities%2FThiruvananthapuram%2Fthiruvananthapuram-gears-up-for-vidyarambham-day%2Farticle5224518.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASaraswati" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|dead-url=</code> ignored (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFThan_Tun1976" class="citation journal cs1">Than Tun (Disember 1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141204232849/http://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/55854/1/KJ00000133051.pdf">"Saraswati of Burma"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>South East Asian Studies</i>. <b>14</b> (3): 433–441. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/55854/1/KJ00000133051.pdf">yang asal</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> pada 4 Disember 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=South+East+Asian+Studies&rft.atitle=Saraswati+of+Burma&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=433-441&rft.date=1976-12&rft.au=Than+Tun&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frepository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp%2Fdspace%2Fbitstream%2F2433%2F55854%2F1%2FKJ00000133051.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASaraswati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Seekins_2006-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Seekins_2006_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Seekins_2006_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFSeekins2006" class="citation book cs1">Seekins, Donald (2006). <i>Historical Dictionary of Burma (Myanmar)</i>. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0810854765" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0810854765"><bdi>978-0810854765</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Burma+%28Myanmar%29&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0810854765&rft.aulast=Seekins&rft.aufirst=Donald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASaraswati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFSilverstein1989" class="citation book cs1">Silverstein, Josef (1989). <i>Independent Burma at forty years</i>. Monograph Southeast Asia Program. <b>4</b>. Cornell University. m/s. 55. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0877271215" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0877271215"><bdi>978-0877271215</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Independent+Burma+at+forty+years&rft.series=Monograph+Southeast+Asia+Program&rft.pages=55&rft.pub=Cornell+University&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0877271215&rft.aulast=Silverstein&rft.aufirst=Josef&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASaraswati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFLudvik2001" class="citation thesis cs1">Ludvik, Catherine (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140911123839/https://tspace.library.utoronto.ca/bitstream/1807/15465/1/NQ58639.pdf"><i>From Sarasvati to Benzaiten</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Ph.D.). University of Toronto: National Library of Canada. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tspace.library.utoronto.ca/bitstream/1807/15465/1/NQ58639.pdf">yang asal</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF download)</span> pada 11 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=From+Sarasvati+to+Benzaiten&rft.inst=National+Library+of+Canada&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Ludvik&rft.aufirst=Catherine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftspace.library.utoronto.ca%2Fbitstream%2F1807%2F15465%2F1%2FNQ58639.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASaraswati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFSuzuki1907" class="citation magazine cs1">Suzuki, T. (1907). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140407072735/http://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2130&context=ocj">"The seven gods of bliss"</a>. <i>The Open Court</i>. Jil. 7 no. 2. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2130&context=ocj">yang asal</a> pada 7 April 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Open+Court&rft.atitle=The+seven+gods+of+bliss&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=2&rft.date=1907&rft.aulast=Suzuki&rft.aufirst=T.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fopensiuc.lib.siu.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D2130%26context%3Docj&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASaraswati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-oww-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-oww_49-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-oww_49-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFWolters1989" class="citation book cs1">Wolters, O.W. (1989). <i>History, Culture, and Region in Southeast Asian Perspectives</i>. m/s. 87–89. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-9971902421" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-9971902421"><bdi>978-9971902421</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History%2C+Culture%2C+and+Region+in+Southeast+Asian+Perspectives&rft.pages=87-89&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-9971902421&rft.aulast=Wolters&rft.aufirst=O.W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASaraswati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFMcFarland" class="citation book cs1">McFarland, George. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=h3lb3jZaYI4C&pg=PA790#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>Thai-English Dictionary</i></a>. m/s. 790 – melalui Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Thai-English+Dictionary&rft.pages=790&rft.aulast=McFarland&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dh3lb3jZaYI4C%26pg%3DPA790%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASaraswati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFPatit_Paban_Mishra2010" class="citation book cs1">Patit Paban Mishra (2010). <i>The History of Thailand</i>. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0313340918" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0313340918"><bdi>978-0313340918</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Thailand&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0313340918&rft.au=Patit+Paban+Mishra&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASaraswati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Eiseman184185-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Eiseman184185_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Eiseman (1989) ms 184-185 </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141205124019/http://www.thebalitimes.com/2013/01/14/saraswati-day-of-knowledge-descent/">"Saraswati, day of knowledge descent"</a>. <i>The Bali Times</i>. 2013. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thebalitimes.com/2013/01/14/saraswati-day-of-knowledge-descent/">yang asal</a> pada 5 Disember 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Bali+Times&rft.atitle=Saraswati%2C+day+of+knowledge+descent&rft.date=2013&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebalitimes.com%2F2013%2F01%2F14%2Fsaraswati-day-of-knowledge-descent%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASaraswati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFPande" class="citation book cs1">Pande, G.C. <i>India's Interaction with Southeast Asia</i>. <b>1</b>. m/s. 660–661. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-8187586241" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-8187586241"><bdi>978-8187586241</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=India%27s+Interaction+with+Southeast+Asia&rft.pages=660-661&rft.isbn=978-8187586241&rft.aulast=Pande&rft.aufirst=G.C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASaraswati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-msz-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-msz_55-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-msz_55-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFZurbuchen2014" class="citation book cs1">Zurbuchen, Mary Sabine (2014). <i>The Language of Balinese Shadow Theater</i>. Princeton University Press. m/s. 49–57. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0691608129" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0691608129"><bdi>978-0691608129</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Language+of+Balinese+Shadow+Theater&rft.pages=49-57&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0691608129&rft.aulast=Zurbuchen&rft.aufirst=Mary+Sabine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASaraswati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFKruger" class="citation book cs1">Kruger, Vivienne. <i>Balinese Food: The traditional cuisine & food culture of Bali</i>. m/s. 152–153. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0804844505" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0804844505"><bdi>978-0804844505</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Balinese+Food%3A+The+traditional+cuisine+%26+food+culture+of+Bali&rft.pages=152-153&rft.isbn=978-0804844505&rft.aulast=Kruger&rft.aufirst=Vivienne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASaraswati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFGonda" class="citation book cs1">Gonda, Jan. "Section 3: Southeast Asia Religions". <i>Handbook of Oriental Studies</i>. Brill Academic. m/s. 45. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-9004043305" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-9004043305"><bdi>978-9004043305</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Section+3%3A+Southeast+Asia+Religions&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+Oriental+Studies&rft.pages=45&rft.pub=Brill+Academic&rft.isbn=978-9004043305&rft.aulast=Gonda&rft.aufirst=Jan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASaraswati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFJamgon_Mipham2000" class="citation book cs1">Jamgon Mipham (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=c6Z8KqdF6LoC"><i>Mo: The Tibetan Divination System</i></a>. Shambhala. m/s. 149–150. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1-55939-848-0" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1-55939-848-0"><bdi>978-1-55939-848-0</bdi></a> – melalui Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mo%3A+The+Tibetan+Divination+System&rft.pages=149-150&rft.pub=Shambhala&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-1-55939-848-0&rft.au=Jamgon+Mipham&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dc6Z8KqdF6LoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASaraswati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sherab2007p65-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sherab2007p65_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFKhenchen_Palden_Sherab2007" class="citation book cs1">Khenchen Palden Sherab (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZZ5g8dpx8yQC&pg=PA65"><i>Tara's Enlightened Activity: An oral commentary on the twenty-one praises to Tara</i></a>. Shambhala. m/s. 65–68. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1-55939-864-0" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1-55939-864-0"><bdi>978-1-55939-864-0</bdi></a> – melalui Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tara%27s+Enlightened+Activity%3A+An+oral+commentary+on+the+twenty-one+praises+to+Tara&rft.pages=65-68&rft.pub=Shambhala&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-55939-864-0&rft.au=Khenchen+Palden+Sherab&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZZ5g8dpx8yQC%26pg%3DPA65&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASaraswati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFJampa_Mackenzie_Stewart2014" class="citation book cs1">Jampa Mackenzie Stewart (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GSSXAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT231"><i>The Life of Longchenpa: The Omniscient Dharma King of the Vast Expanse</i></a>. Shambhala Publications. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-8348-2911-4" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-8348-2911-4"><bdi>978-0-8348-2911-4</bdi></a> – melalui Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Life+of+Longchenpa%3A+The+Omniscient+Dharma+King+of+the+Vast+Expanse&rft.pub=Shambhala+Publications&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-8348-2911-4&rft.au=Jampa+Mackenzie+Stewart&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGSSXAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT231&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASaraswati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171026111616/https://www.himalayanart.org/search/set.cfm?setID=358">"Buddhist Protector: Shri Devi, Magzor Gyalmo Main Page"</a>. <i>www.himalayanart.org</i>. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.himalayanart.org/search/set.cfm?setID=358">yang asal</a> pada 26 Oktober 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">26 Oktober</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.himalayanart.org&rft.atitle=Buddhist+Protector%3A+Shri+Devi%2C+Magzor+Gyalmo+Main+Page&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.himalayanart.org%2Fsearch%2Fset.cfm%3FsetID%3D358&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASaraswati" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|dead-url=</code> ignored (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pwZfBwAAQBAJ&pg=PT413&lpg=PT413&dq=Sarasvati+Tsongkhapa&source=bl&ots=Xgk9PSnm-c&sig=1xaSE-QuyTLBEF1yWqaZ7HPZh5A&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiKw9XFl_HYAhUFb60KHbFDBPgQ6AEIaDAP#v=onepage&q=Sarasvati%20Tsongkhapa&f=false">"Prayer to Sarasvati"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Prayer+to+Sarasvati&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpwZfBwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT413%26lpg%3DPT413%26dq%3DSarasvati%2BTsongkhapa%26source%3Dbl%26ots%3DXgk9PSnm-c%26sig%3D1xaSE-QuyTLBEF1yWqaZ7HPZh5A%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX%26ved%3D0ahUKEwiKw9XFl_HYAhUFb60KHbFDBPgQ6AEIaDAP%23v%3Donepage%26q%3DSarasvati%2520Tsongkhapa%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASaraswati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFKilty2001" class="citation book cs1">Kilty, Gavin (15 Jun 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180125015414/http://www.wisdompubs.org/book/splendor-autumn-moon"><i>The Splendor of an Autumn Moon: The devotional verse of Tsongkhapa</i></a>. Wisdom Publications. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/0861711920" title="Khas:Sumber buku/0861711920"><bdi>0861711920</bdi></a>. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wisdompubs.org/book/splendor-autumn-moon">yang asal</a> pada 25 Januari 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">24 Januari</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Splendor+of+an+Autumn+Moon%3A+The+devotional+verse+of+Tsongkhapa&rft.pub=Wisdom+Publications&rft.date=2001-06-15&rft.isbn=0861711920&rft.aulast=Kilty&rft.aufirst=Gavin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wisdompubs.org%2Fbook%2Fsplendor-autumn-moon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASaraswati" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|dead-url=</code> ignored (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">bantuan</a>)</span><br /><br />Also: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pwZfBwAAQBAJ&pg=PT413&lpg=PT413&dq=Sarasvati+Tsongkhapa&source=bl&ots=Xgk9PSnm-c&sig=1xaSE-QuyTLBEF1yWqaZ7HPZh5A&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiKw9XFl_HYAhUFb60KHbFDBPgQ6AEIaDAP#v=onepage&q=Sarasvati%20Tsongkhapa&f=false">"The Splendor of an Autumn Moon: The devotional verse of Tsongkhapa"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">24 Januari</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Splendor+of+an+Autumn+Moon%3A+The+devotional+verse+of+Tsongkhapa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpwZfBwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT413%26lpg%3DPT413%26dq%3DSarasvati%2BTsongkhapa%26source%3Dbl%26ots%3DXgk9PSnm-c%26sig%3D1xaSE-QuyTLBEF1yWqaZ7HPZh5A%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX%26ved%3D0ahUKEwiKw9XFl_HYAhUFb60KHbFDBPgQ6AEIaDAP%23v%3Donepage%26q%3DSarasvati%2520Tsongkhapa%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASaraswati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rujukan">Rujukan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saraswati&veaction=edit&section=26" title="Sunting bahagian: Rujukan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saraswati&action=edit&section=26" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Rujukan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noprint"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> </span>Rencana ini menggabungkan dan menterjemah teks dari penerbitan sekarang di <a href="/wiki/Domain_awam" title="Domain awam">domain awam</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Chisholm, Hugh, penyunting (1911). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/en:1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Sarasuati" class="extiw" title="wikisource:en:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Sarasuati">Sarasuati</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Ensiklopedia_Britannica_Edisi_Ke-11" title="Ensiklopedia Britannica Edisi Ke-11">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i> (dalam bahasa Inggeris) (ed. ke-11). Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Sarasuati&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=ke-11&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASaraswati" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFKinsley1998" class="citation book cs1">Kinsley, David (1998). <i>Tantric Visions of the Divine Feminine: The ten mahāvidyās</i> (ed. Repr.). Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/81-208-1523-8" title="Khas:Sumber buku/81-208-1523-8"><bdi>81-208-1523-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tantric+Visions+of+the+Divine+Feminine%3A+The+ten+mah%C4%81vidy%C4%81s&rft.place=Delhi&rft.edition=Repr.&rft.pub=Motilal+Banarsidass&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=81-208-1523-8&rft.aulast=Kinsley&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASaraswati" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFSankaranarayanan2001" class="citation book cs1">Sankaranarayanan, S. (2001). <i>Glory of the Divine Mother (Devī Māhātmyam)</i>. India: Nesma Books. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/81-87936-00-2" title="Khas:Sumber buku/81-87936-00-2"><bdi>81-87936-00-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Glory+of+the+Divine+Mother+%28Dev%C4%AB+M%C4%81h%C4%81tmyam%29&rft.place=India&rft.pub=Nesma+Books&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=81-87936-00-2&rft.aulast=Sankaranarayanan&rft.aufirst=S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASaraswati" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bacaan_lanjut">Bacaan lanjut</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saraswati&veaction=edit&section=27" title="Sunting bahagian: Bacaan lanjut" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saraswati&action=edit&section=27" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Bacaan lanjut"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Sailen Debnath, <i>The Meanings of Hindu Gods, Goddesses and Myths</i>, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/9788129114815" title="Khas:Sumber buku/9788129114815">9788129114815</a>, Rupa & Co., New Delhi.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFSaraswati" class="citation book cs1">Saraswati, Swami Satyananda. <i>Saraswati Puja for Children</i>. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/1-877795-31-3" title="Khas:Sumber buku/1-877795-31-3"><bdi>1-877795-31-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Saraswati+Puja+for+Children&rft.isbn=1-877795-31-3&rft.aulast=Saraswati&rft.aufirst=Swami+Satyananda&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASaraswati" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFAnkerl2000" class="citation book cs1">Ankerl, Guy (2000). <i>Coexisting contemporary civilizations: Arabo-Muslim, Bharati, Chinese, and Western</i>. INU societal research: Global communication without universal civilization. <b>1</b>. Geneva: INU Press. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/2-88155-004-5" title="Khas:Sumber buku/2-88155-004-5"><bdi>2-88155-004-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Coexisting+contemporary+civilizations%3A+Arabo-Muslim%2C+Bharati%2C+Chinese%2C+and+Western&rft.place=Geneva&rft.series=INU+societal+research%3A+Global+communication+without+universal+civilization&rft.pub=INU+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=2-88155-004-5&rft.aulast=Ankerl&rft.aufirst=Guy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASaraswati" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pautan_luar">Pautan luar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saraswati&veaction=edit&section=28" title="Sunting bahagian: Pautan luar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saraswati&action=edit&section=28" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Pautan luar"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1);color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist">Wikipetik mempunyai koleksi petikan mengenai: <i><b><a href="https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/wq/ms/Saraswati" class="extiw" title="incubator:wq/ms/Saraswati">Saraswati</a></b></i></td></tr> </tbody></table> <table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1);color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Laman_Utama" class="extiw" title="commons:Laman Utama">Wikimedia Commons</a> mempunyai media berkaitan <i><b><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Sarasvati?uselang=ms">Saraswati</a></b></i></td></tr> </tbody></table> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Sarasvati">"Sarasvati"</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Sarasvati&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FSarasvati&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASaraswati" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stephen-knapp.com/sarasvati_goddess_of_learning.htm">"Sarasvati, The Goddess of Learning"</a>. <i>Stephen Knapp</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Stephen+Knapp&rft.atitle=Sarasvati%2C+The+Goddess+of+Learning&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stephen-knapp.com%2Fsarasvati_goddess_of_learning.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASaraswati" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFJe_Tsongkhapa" class="citation web cs1">Je Tsongkhapa. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pwZfBwAAQBAJ&pg=PT413&lpg=PT413&dq=Sarasvati+Tsongkhapa&source=bl&ots=Xgk9PSnm-c&sig=1xaSE-QuyTLBEF1yWqaZ7HPZh5A&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiKw9XFl_HYAhUFb60KHbFDBPgQ6AEIaDAP#v=onepage&q=Sarasvati%20Tsongkhapa&f=false">"Prayer to Sarasvati"</a>. <i>Wisdom Publications</i>. The Splendor of an Autumn Moon The Devotional Verse of Tsongkhapa. Diterjemahkan oleh Gavin Kilty – melalui Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wisdom+Publications&rft.atitle=Prayer+to+Sarasvati&rft.au=Je+Tsongkhapa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpwZfBwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT413%26lpg%3DPT413%26dq%3DSarasvati%2BTsongkhapa%26source%3Dbl%26ots%3DXgk9PSnm-c%26sig%3D1xaSE-QuyTLBEF1yWqaZ7HPZh5A%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX%26ved%3D0ahUKEwiKw9XFl_HYAhUFb60KHbFDBPgQ6AEIaDAP%23v%3Donepage%26q%3DSarasvati%2520Tsongkhapa%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASaraswati" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Templat:Shaktism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Templat:Shaktism (laman tidak wujud)">Templat:Shaktism</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Templat:Hindu_Deities_and_Texts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Templat:Hindu Deities and Texts (laman tidak wujud)">Templat:Hindu Deities and Texts</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Templat:Hindudharma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Templat:Hindudharma (laman tidak wujud)">Templat:Hindudharma</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Templat:Japanese_Buddhist_Pantheon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Templat:Japanese Buddhist Pantheon (laman tidak wujud)">Templat:Japanese Buddhist Pantheon</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Templat:Burmese_nats&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Templat:Burmese nats (laman tidak wujud)">Templat:Burmese nats</a> </p> <div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Kawalan_kewibawaan_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58838#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" 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