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G. in Economics, Central University of Odisha, Koraput, Odisha, India<br /><div class="js-profile-less-about u-linkUnstyled u-tcGrayDarker u-textDecorationUnderline u-displayNone">less</div></div></div><div class="ri-section"><div class="ri-section-header"><span>Interests</span></div><div class="ri-tags-container"><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="103778528" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics"><div id="js-react-on-rails-context" style="display:none" data-rails-context="{"inMailer":false,"i18nLocale":"en","i18nDefaultLocale":"en","href":"https://bjbcollege.academia.edu/manindrahanhaga","location":"/manindrahanhaga","scheme":"https","host":"bjbcollege.academia.edu","port":null,"pathname":"/manindrahanhaga","search":null,"httpAcceptLanguage":null,"serverSide":false}"></div> <div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Economics"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-1af5bbba-d59d-44e9-83e9-2da9e8267fbe"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-1af5bbba-d59d-44e9-83e9-2da9e8267fbe"></div> </a></div></div></div></div><div class="right-panel-container"><div class="user-content-wrapper"><div class="uploads-container" id="social-redesign-work-container"><div class="upload-header"><h2 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-xs">Uploads</h2></div><div class="documents-container backbone-social-profile-documents" style="width: 100%;"><div class="u-taCenter"></div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane active" id="all"><div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Papers" id="Papers"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Papers by Manindra Hanhaga</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="51076808"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/51076808/Corporate_Social_Responsibility_CSR_Practices_A_Comparison_Between_Select_Public_and_Private_Sector_Banks_in_India"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Practices: A Comparison Between Select Public and Private Sector Banks in India" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/68932059/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/51076808/Corporate_Social_Responsibility_CSR_Practices_A_Comparison_Between_Select_Public_and_Private_Sector_Banks_in_India">Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Practices: A Comparison Between Select Public and Private Sector Banks in India</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RajatKumarMallick">Rajat Kumar Mallick</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://bjbcollege.academia.edu/manindrahanhaga">Manindra Hanhaga</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://nou.academia.edu/KiranbalaSwain">Kiranbala Swain</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The Indian banking industry plays an important role in promoting economic growth and development ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The Indian banking industry plays an important role in promoting economic growth and development of the country. India is the first country to quantify CSR and make it mandatory as per Companies Act 2013. Therefore, the Reserve Bank of India has made it mandatory for every commercial bank operating in India to contribute to CSR. The CSR of the Indian banking sector addresses the financial inclusion, provision of financial services in untapped regions, socioeconomic development through poverty eradication, health and medical care, rural area development and selfemployment training etc. India is ranked fourth among the Asian countries that pay importance towards corporate social responsibility. This study analyzes the CSR activities carried out by the selected public and private sector banks in India. It also examines the actual, standard and growth of CSR spending of selected private and public sector banks in India. Statistical tools like arithmetic mean, standard deviation, kurtosis, skewness, t-test and ANOVA have been used to analyze the secondary data from the year 2013-14 to 2019-20 collected from different authenticable sources. It is found that performance of private sector banks is better in CSR activities as compared to public sector banks in India. The paper also reveals that though the Indian banks are making efforts in the CSR practices, there is still a requirement for more emphasis on CSR activities in a developing country like India.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="a4f6f8b624578dd6b6bee70f6fd49f54" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":68932059,"asset_id":51076808,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/68932059/download_file?st=MTczMjk4MzMzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="51076808"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="51076808"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 51076808; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=51076808]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=51076808]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 51076808; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='51076808']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 51076808, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "a4f6f8b624578dd6b6bee70f6fd49f54" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=51076808]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":51076808,"title":"Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Practices: A Comparison Between Select Public and Private Sector Banks in India","translated_title":"","metadata":{"issue":"I","volume":"VI","abstract":"The Indian banking industry plays an important role in promoting economic growth and development of the country. India is the first country to quantify CSR and make it mandatory as per Companies Act 2013. Therefore, the Reserve Bank of India has made it mandatory for every commercial bank operating in India to contribute to CSR. The CSR of the Indian banking sector addresses the financial inclusion, provision of financial services in untapped regions, socioeconomic development through poverty eradication, health and medical care, rural area development and selfemployment training etc. India is ranked fourth among the Asian countries that pay importance towards corporate social responsibility. This study analyzes the CSR activities carried out by the selected public and private sector banks in India. It also examines the actual, standard and growth of CSR spending of selected private and public sector banks in India. Statistical tools like arithmetic mean, standard deviation, kurtosis, skewness, t-test and ANOVA have been used to analyze the secondary data from the year 2013-14 to 2019-20 collected from different authenticable sources. It is found that performance of private sector banks is better in CSR activities as compared to public sector banks in India. The paper also reveals that though the Indian banks are making efforts in the CSR practices, there is still a requirement for more emphasis on CSR activities in a developing country like India.","location":"Sambalpur","journal_name":"Odisha Journal of Commerce \u0026 Management","organization":" School of Commerce Gangadhar Meher University","page_numbers":"26-32","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":6,"year":2021,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":"The Indian banking industry plays an important role in promoting economic growth and development of the country. India is the first country to quantify CSR and make it mandatory as per Companies Act 2013. Therefore, the Reserve Bank of India has made it mandatory for every commercial bank operating in India to contribute to CSR. The CSR of the Indian banking sector addresses the financial inclusion, provision of financial services in untapped regions, socioeconomic development through poverty eradication, health and medical care, rural area development and selfemployment training etc. India is ranked fourth among the Asian countries that pay importance towards corporate social responsibility. This study analyzes the CSR activities carried out by the selected public and private sector banks in India. It also examines the actual, standard and growth of CSR spending of selected private and public sector banks in India. Statistical tools like arithmetic mean, standard deviation, kurtosis, skewness, t-test and ANOVA have been used to analyze the secondary data from the year 2013-14 to 2019-20 collected from different authenticable sources. It is found that performance of private sector banks is better in CSR activities as compared to public sector banks in India. The paper also reveals that though the Indian banks are making efforts in the CSR practices, there is still a requirement for more emphasis on CSR activities in a developing country like India.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/51076808/Corporate_Social_Responsibility_CSR_Practices_A_Comparison_Between_Select_Public_and_Private_Sector_Banks_in_India","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2021-08-29T04:57:34.351-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":147971305,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":36819022,"work_id":51076808,"tagging_user_id":147971305,"tagged_user_id":103778528,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"m***a@gmail.com","display_order":1,"name":"Manindra Hanhaga","title":"Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Practices: A Comparison Between Select Public and Private Sector Banks in India"},{"id":36819310,"work_id":51076808,"tagging_user_id":147971305,"tagged_user_id":146409985,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"k***1@gmail.com","affiliation":"North Orissa University","display_order":2,"name":"Kiranbala Swain","title":"Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Practices: A Comparison Between Select Public and Private Sector Banks in India"}],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":68932059,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/68932059/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"csr_in_banking_sector.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/68932059/download_file?st=MTczMjk4MzMzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Corporate_Social_Responsibility_CSR_Prac.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/68932059/csr_in_banking_sector-libre.pdf?1630240371=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DCorporate_Social_Responsibility_CSR_Prac.pdf\u0026Expires=1732986932\u0026Signature=Huylv7T4ufY-sloz1O3Ble5r2IfLe6W5e2pK5f3QkLnTftRBRNxzAAXPP0snePX6u1k5yY5cJYK3hmRFVkQgq97GtuSoP40UC1iR99Nmty5pSLhtxeng3v9ybh2Bs22DltqIS7YKEbqfWSHPh1Miu1enjgQd6ideHsYvNTs85BkOtdvPzFJjDbzrCZruhdJVnQUAO~i-Iv4NAvPQxGFQFKCo15rK7kwWi8cNNCxXRk9IfZa2akQKzhs0eNjvjXCAdjx8AaHH137InJovhgCUmNGfoa8rgYpE~229fpudMG8cXBfuw4NyaebjQWzn9W51RXIp2JdHaXGYtO9Lm-QsMw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Corporate_Social_Responsibility_CSR_Practices_A_Comparison_Between_Select_Public_and_Private_Sector_Banks_in_India","translated_slug":"","page_count":7,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":147971305,"first_name":"Rajat Kumar","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Mallick","page_name":"RajatKumarMallick","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2020-03-02T06:51:34.618-08:00","display_name":"Rajat Kumar Mallick","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RajatKumarMallick"},"attachments":[{"id":68932059,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/68932059/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"csr_in_banking_sector.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/68932059/download_file?st=MTczMjk4MzMzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Corporate_Social_Responsibility_CSR_Prac.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/68932059/csr_in_banking_sector-libre.pdf?1630240371=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DCorporate_Social_Responsibility_CSR_Prac.pdf\u0026Expires=1732986932\u0026Signature=Huylv7T4ufY-sloz1O3Ble5r2IfLe6W5e2pK5f3QkLnTftRBRNxzAAXPP0snePX6u1k5yY5cJYK3hmRFVkQgq97GtuSoP40UC1iR99Nmty5pSLhtxeng3v9ybh2Bs22DltqIS7YKEbqfWSHPh1Miu1enjgQd6ideHsYvNTs85BkOtdvPzFJjDbzrCZruhdJVnQUAO~i-Iv4NAvPQxGFQFKCo15rK7kwWi8cNNCxXRk9IfZa2akQKzhs0eNjvjXCAdjx8AaHH137InJovhgCUmNGfoa8rgYpE~229fpudMG8cXBfuw4NyaebjQWzn9W51RXIp2JdHaXGYtO9Lm-QsMw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":892228,"name":"Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corporate_Social_Responsibility_CSR_"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="47755366"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/47755366/An_Empirical_Assessment_of_Growth_and_Performance_of_MSMEs_in_India_with_Special_Reference_to_Odisha"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of An Empirical Assessment of Growth and Performance of MSMEs in India with Special Reference to Odisha" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/66697351/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/47755366/An_Empirical_Assessment_of_Growth_and_Performance_of_MSMEs_in_India_with_Special_Reference_to_Odisha">An Empirical Assessment of Growth and Performance of MSMEs in India with Special Reference to Odisha</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RajatKumarMallick">Rajat Kumar Mallick</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/pragyanparimitanayak">Pragyan Parimita Nayak</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://bjbcollege.academia.edu/manindrahanhaga">Manindra Hanhaga</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LipunaKhatei">Lipuna Khatei</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://nou.academia.edu/KiranbalaSwain">Kiranbala Swain</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are regarded as the primary engine as well as the bac...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are regarded as the primary engine as well as the back bone for economic growth and development of a developing country like India. The importance of MSMEs is attributable to their high employment potentialities, the requirement of low capital and technology, use of traditional or inherited skills, use of local resources, promotion of entrepreneurial skills, mobilization of resources, and exportability of products. MSMEs play a crucial role by providing economic justice through equitable distribution of income and wealth in a region and in turn reduce regional disparity in the country in general and in state in particular. MSMEs occupy a very important position in the Indian economy due to their major contribution in terms of output, exports, and employment which helps to solve a number of macroeconomic problems in the state of Odisha as well as in India. This paper examines and compares the growth and performance of MSMEs throughout the length and breadth of the state Odisha and India. This study also focuses on the sector-wise composition of MSMEs in the state of Odisha and also analyses the extent of bank credit flow to these sectors. Statistical devices like average annual growth rate (AAGR), arithmetic mean (AM), coefficient of variation (CV) and coefficient of correlation are used to analyse the secondary data collected from various authenticable sources as per the requirement of objectives of the study.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="33b9575a633333990c17abfa0a03bdd7" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":66697351,"asset_id":47755366,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/66697351/download_file?st=MTczMjk4MzMzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="47755366"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="47755366"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 47755366; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=47755366]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=47755366]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 47755366; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='47755366']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 47755366, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "33b9575a633333990c17abfa0a03bdd7" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=47755366]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":47755366,"title":"An Empirical Assessment of Growth and Performance of MSMEs in India with Special Reference to Odisha","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.17148/IARJSET.2021.8429","issue":"4","volume":"8","abstract":"Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are regarded as the primary engine as well as the back bone for economic growth and development of a developing country like India. The importance of MSMEs is attributable to their high employment potentialities, the requirement of low capital and technology, use of traditional or inherited skills, use of local resources, promotion of entrepreneurial skills, mobilization of resources, and exportability of products. MSMEs play a crucial role by providing economic justice through equitable distribution of income and wealth in a region and in turn reduce regional disparity in the country in general and in state in particular. MSMEs occupy a very important position in the Indian economy due to their major contribution in terms of output, exports, and employment which helps to solve a number of macroeconomic problems in the state of Odisha as well as in India. This paper examines and compares the growth and performance of MSMEs throughout the length and breadth of the state Odisha and India. This study also focuses on the sector-wise composition of MSMEs in the state of Odisha and also analyses the extent of bank credit flow to these sectors. Statistical devices like average annual growth rate (AAGR), arithmetic mean (AM), coefficient of variation (CV) and coefficient of correlation are used to analyse the secondary data collected from various authenticable sources as per the requirement of objectives of the study.","journal_name":"International Advanced Research Journal in Science, Engineering and Technology","page_numbers":"154-164","publication_date":{"day":27,"month":4,"year":2021,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":"Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are regarded as the primary engine as well as the back bone for economic growth and development of a developing country like India. 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This study also focuses on the sector-wise composition of MSMEs in the state of Odisha and also analyses the extent of bank credit flow to these sectors. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="45590912"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/45590912/Gender_and_Rural_Urban_Literacy_Disparity_in_India_with_Special_Reference_to_Odisha"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Gender and Rural-Urban Literacy Disparity in India with Special Reference to Odisha" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/66071147/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/45590912/Gender_and_Rural_Urban_Literacy_Disparity_in_India_with_Special_Reference_to_Odisha">Gender and Rural-Urban Literacy Disparity in India with Special Reference to Odisha</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/pragyanparimitanayak">Pragyan Parimita Nayak</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LipunaKhatei">Lipuna Khatei</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://bjbcollege.academia.edu/manindrahanhaga">Manindra Hanhaga</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://nou.academia.edu/KiranbalaSwain">Kiranbala Swain</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RajatKumarMallick">Rajat Kumar Mallick</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>IJPUBLICATION, IJCRT</span><span>, 2021</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Literacy is an effective tool for human empowerment. The educated human being can enhance their s...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Literacy is an effective tool for human empowerment. The educated human being can enhance their skill as well as productivity, which in turn improves the quality of life. On the contrary, illiterate people suffer from the dark of ignorance. But the low literacy rate stands as a major obstacle to the development of a person and the country. Moreover, the presence of disparity in literacy in India brings regional imbalances in socioeconomic development. Literacy is unequally found among the sex, region, caste, and occupational groups of the population in India. In spite of several measures taken by both the Government of India and state Government of Odisha, the literacy rate remains to be uneven and low. This paper examines inter-districts disparity of literacy in Odisha as well as interstate disparity of literacy rate in India. It also focuses on discussing the presence of rural-urban and gender disparity in literacy in Odisha and India. In order to examine the literacy disparity, Sopher's disparity index has been used. Statistical tools like CV, arithmetic mean, range, and percentage have been also applied to analyse the secondary data collected from the census of Govt. of India.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="96ce677e1c9cf805066f9df87671e0d0" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":66071147,"asset_id":45590912,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/66071147/download_file?st=MTczMjk4MzMzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="45590912"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="45590912"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 45590912; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=45590912]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=45590912]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 45590912; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='45590912']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 45590912, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "96ce677e1c9cf805066f9df87671e0d0" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=45590912]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":45590912,"title":"Gender and Rural-Urban Literacy Disparity in India with Special Reference to Odisha","translated_title":"","metadata":{"issue":"3","volume":"9","abstract":"Literacy is an effective tool for human empowerment. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="42116038"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/42116038/DIMENSIONS_OF_ENTREPRENEURSHIP_DISPARITY_IN_MSMEs_AN_INTER_DISTRICT_AND_INTER_STATE_ANALYSIS_WITH_SPECIAL_REFERENCE_TO_ODISHA"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of DIMENSIONS OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP DISPARITY IN MSMEs: AN INTER-DISTRICT AND INTER-STATE ANALYSIS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ODISHA" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/62249451/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/42116038/DIMENSIONS_OF_ENTREPRENEURSHIP_DISPARITY_IN_MSMEs_AN_INTER_DISTRICT_AND_INTER_STATE_ANALYSIS_WITH_SPECIAL_REFERENCE_TO_ODISHA">DIMENSIONS OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP DISPARITY IN MSMEs: AN INTER-DISTRICT AND INTER-STATE ANALYSIS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ODISHA</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RajatKumarMallick">Rajat Kumar Mallick</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/pragyanparimitanayak">Pragyan Parimita Nayak</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LipunaKhatei">Lipuna Khatei</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://bjbcollege.academia.edu/manindrahanhaga">Manindra Hanhaga</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://nou.academia.edu/KiranbalaSwain">Kiranbala Swain</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">In a developing country like India, Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are one of the mo...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">In a developing country like India, Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are one of the most vibrant and sensitive sectors. The significance of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) is attributable to its capacity of employment generation, low capital and technology requirement, use of traditional or inherited skill, use of local resources, mobilization of resources and exportability of products. The entrepreneurship in MSMEs plays a leading role in promoting equitable economic and social development of the country.ThoughMSMEs promotion has remainedin focus of Indian development strategy in most of the Five-Year Plans, the progress of Indian MSMEs is not as expected due to several hurdles that they face. The existence of inequality in entrepreneurship of MSME sector is a major concern of bringing socioeconomic equality in the country and particularly in Odisha. This paper examines the existence of disparityingrowth of MSMEs entrepreneurial activity throughout the length and breadth of the state Odisha as well as in India. More particularly it examines the changing dimension of entrepreneurship disparity in MSME sectors among different social groups of the country. This study also finds the important causes of existence of such entrepreneurial disparity in MSME sector. Statistical devices like average annual growth rate (AAGR), compound annual growth rate (CAGR), arithmetic mean and coefficient of variation (CV)have been used to analyse the secondary data collected from various trusted sources to find out entrepreneurship disparity in MSME sectors and to suggest possible measures for the reduction of this inequality in Odisha as well as India.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="a7bafe09136af5c8fb3a76702bfb0fb2" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":62249451,"asset_id":42116038,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/62249451/download_file?st=MTczMjk4MzMzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="42116038"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="42116038"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 42116038; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=42116038]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=42116038]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 42116038; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='42116038']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 42116038, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "a7bafe09136af5c8fb3a76702bfb0fb2" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=42116038]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":42116038,"title":"DIMENSIONS OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP DISPARITY IN MSMEs: AN INTER-DISTRICT AND INTER-STATE ANALYSIS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ODISHA","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"In a developing country like India, Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are one of the most vibrant and sensitive sectors. The significance of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) is attributable to its capacity of employment generation, low capital and technology requirement, use of traditional or inherited skill, use of local resources, mobilization of resources and exportability of products. The entrepreneurship in MSMEs plays a leading role in promoting equitable economic and social development of the country.ThoughMSMEs promotion has remainedin focus of Indian development strategy in most of the Five-Year Plans, the progress of Indian MSMEs is not as expected due to several hurdles that they face. The existence of inequality in entrepreneurship of MSME sector is a major concern of bringing socioeconomic equality in the country and particularly in Odisha. This paper examines the existence of disparityingrowth of MSMEs entrepreneurial activity throughout the length and breadth of the state Odisha as well as in India. More particularly it examines the changing dimension of entrepreneurship disparity in MSME sectors among different social groups of the country. This study also finds the important causes of existence of such entrepreneurial disparity in MSME sector. Statistical devices like average annual growth rate (AAGR), compound annual growth rate (CAGR), arithmetic mean and coefficient of variation (CV)have been used to analyse the secondary data collected from various trusted sources to find out entrepreneurship disparity in MSME sectors and to suggest possible measures for the reduction of this inequality in Odisha as well as India."},"translated_abstract":"In a developing country like India, Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are one of the most vibrant and sensitive sectors. The significance of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) is attributable to its capacity of employment generation, low capital and technology requirement, use of traditional or inherited skill, use of local resources, mobilization of resources and exportability of products. The entrepreneurship in MSMEs plays a leading role in promoting equitable economic and social development of the country.ThoughMSMEs promotion has remainedin focus of Indian development strategy in most of the Five-Year Plans, the progress of Indian MSMEs is not as expected due to several hurdles that they face. The existence of inequality in entrepreneurship of MSME sector is a major concern of bringing socioeconomic equality in the country and particularly in Odisha. This paper examines the existence of disparityingrowth of MSMEs entrepreneurial activity throughout the length and breadth of the state Odisha as well as in India. More particularly it examines the changing dimension of entrepreneurship disparity in MSME sectors among different social groups of the country. This study also finds the important causes of existence of such entrepreneurial disparity in MSME sector. Statistical devices like average annual growth rate (AAGR), compound annual growth rate (CAGR), arithmetic mean and coefficient of variation (CV)have been used to analyse the secondary data collected from various trusted sources to find out entrepreneurship disparity in MSME sectors and to suggest possible measures for the reduction of this inequality in Odisha as well as India.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/42116038/DIMENSIONS_OF_ENTREPRENEURSHIP_DISPARITY_IN_MSMEs_AN_INTER_DISTRICT_AND_INTER_STATE_ANALYSIS_WITH_SPECIAL_REFERENCE_TO_ODISHA","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2020-03-02T04:09:09.619-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":146409985,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":33807092,"work_id":42116038,"tagging_user_id":146409985,"tagged_user_id":147971305,"co_author_invite_id":6983436,"email":"r***0@gmail.com","display_order":-4,"name":"Rajat Kumar Mallick","title":"DIMENSIONS OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP DISPARITY IN MSMEs: AN INTER-DISTRICT AND INTER-STATE ANALYSIS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ODISHA"},{"id":33807093,"work_id":42116038,"tagging_user_id":146409985,"tagged_user_id":118362479,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"p***0@gmail.com","display_order":-3,"name":"Pragyan Parimita Nayak","title":"DIMENSIONS OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP DISPARITY IN MSMEs: AN INTER-DISTRICT AND INTER-STATE ANALYSIS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ODISHA"},{"id":33807094,"work_id":42116038,"tagging_user_id":146409985,"tagged_user_id":120353865,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"l***0@gmail.com","display_order":-2,"name":"Lipuna Khatei","title":"DIMENSIONS OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP DISPARITY IN MSMEs: AN INTER-DISTRICT AND INTER-STATE ANALYSIS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ODISHA"},{"id":33807095,"work_id":42116038,"tagging_user_id":146409985,"tagged_user_id":103778528,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"m***a@gmail.com","display_order":-1,"name":"Manindra Hanhaga","title":"DIMENSIONS OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP DISPARITY IN MSMEs: AN INTER-DISTRICT AND INTER-STATE ANALYSIS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ODISHA"}],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":62249451,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/62249451/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"1120200302-101933-m2oonx.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/62249451/download_file?st=MTczMjk4MzMzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"DIMENSIONS_OF_ENTREPRENEURSHIP_DISPARITY.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/62249451/1120200302-101933-m2oonx-libre.pdf?1583153156=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DDIMENSIONS_OF_ENTREPRENEURSHIP_DISPARITY.pdf\u0026Expires=1732986932\u0026Signature=fvrJlBaq~p2UyAY3MqJC1Jft9Ry4LFzrDZLAn0mBky55RD7HVXofsa7i36nNiVEdKwaSd1jpK2YX2DyMR0SooQnjj2KTqjQIQPJBAifyuKwZhomjQdoqTRCAkMrR4AJKjrUOiOqg1nKqGHXic3EzoUoStFakqkm03kskb1Vo~Rw~jYN3WNYxM8s3Dl8gcg2nXjS6liAZ4krQeWNTfw8-nF2vAj5K4Rm1Y7lwuteeZzdkwyGFBXJii2X9gZKtmHdINKdbbpQQT~FzCynEi-BM13dSNJk3LSG6Kp5sXpFMvDBtxz6tJWZTOFBoEoObC2~8IAlNKBpG5aOg5iPUplg1qw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"DIMENSIONS_OF_ENTREPRENEURSHIP_DISPARITY_IN_MSMEs_AN_INTER_DISTRICT_AND_INTER_STATE_ANALYSIS_WITH_SPECIAL_REFERENCE_TO_ODISHA","translated_slug":"","page_count":12,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":146409985,"first_name":"Kiranbala","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Swain","page_name":"KiranbalaSwain","domain_name":"nou","created_at":"2020-02-18T23:07:23.325-08:00","display_name":"Kiranbala Swain","url":"https://nou.academia.edu/KiranbalaSwain"},"attachments":[{"id":62249451,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/62249451/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"1120200302-101933-m2oonx.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/62249451/download_file?st=MTczMjk4MzMzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"DIMENSIONS_OF_ENTREPRENEURSHIP_DISPARITY.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/62249451/1120200302-101933-m2oonx-libre.pdf?1583153156=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DDIMENSIONS_OF_ENTREPRENEURSHIP_DISPARITY.pdf\u0026Expires=1732986932\u0026Signature=fvrJlBaq~p2UyAY3MqJC1Jft9Ry4LFzrDZLAn0mBky55RD7HVXofsa7i36nNiVEdKwaSd1jpK2YX2DyMR0SooQnjj2KTqjQIQPJBAifyuKwZhomjQdoqTRCAkMrR4AJKjrUOiOqg1nKqGHXic3EzoUoStFakqkm03kskb1Vo~Rw~jYN3WNYxM8s3Dl8gcg2nXjS6liAZ4krQeWNTfw8-nF2vAj5K4Rm1Y7lwuteeZzdkwyGFBXJii2X9gZKtmHdINKdbbpQQT~FzCynEi-BM13dSNJk3LSG6Kp5sXpFMvDBtxz6tJWZTOFBoEoObC2~8IAlNKBpG5aOg5iPUplg1qw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":741351,"name":"Social Sector","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Sector"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="42028563"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/42028563/Effectiveness_of_Public_Health_Eependiture_on_Health_Indicators_in_India_and_Odisha"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Effectiveness of Public Health Eependiture on Health Indicators in India and Odisha" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/62252613/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/42028563/Effectiveness_of_Public_Health_Eependiture_on_Health_Indicators_in_India_and_Odisha">Effectiveness of Public Health Eependiture on Health Indicators in India and Odisha</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RajatKumarMallick">Rajat Kumar Mallick</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://bjbcollege.academia.edu/manindrahanhaga">Manindra Hanhaga</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://nou.academia.edu/KiranbalaSwain">Kiranbala Swain</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Health is one of the important indicators reflecting the quality of human life. It is a basic nee...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Health is one of the important indicators reflecting the quality of human life. It is a basic need along with food, shelter, and clothing and education also. Since India鈥檚 independence, the Government of India (GoI) has been trying to enhance the healthcare services provided to its people by focusing on improving the primary health care system and also by enabling the entry of private sector to the health care sector. India have low levels of public spending on health care between 1996-97 and 2005-06, total government spending on health was stagnant at about 2.5 percent of GDP, and per capita health expenditure is only 60 US$. It鈥檚 very less amount compared to a developed country. The total public health expenditure in the country, irrespective of revenue and capital accounts, has increased gradually over the period 2000-01 to 2010-11 with a CAGR of 19.58 per cent. The per capita public expenditure on health sector in India increased from Rs.1058 in 2000-01 to Rs.4116 during the year 2015-16 with CAGR 8.86.  This paper examines the trends of public expenditure on health indicators and analyses its effectiveness on health care indicators in India as well as in Odisha by using simple statistical tools like average and CAGR to analyse the secondary data collected from authenticable sources. This study reveals that the growth of public health expenditure on health is not satisfactory and performance of IMR, MMR, TFR, CBR, CDR and Birth rate are to be more developed.<br />Key words: Public expenditure and Health indicators<br />JEL Code: I10</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="65399b0f85c6f32b9a0d04e0594cf2ab" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":62252613,"asset_id":42028563,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/62252613/download_file?st=MTczMjk4MzMzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="42028563"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="42028563"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 42028563; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=42028563]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=42028563]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 42028563; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='42028563']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 42028563, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "65399b0f85c6f32b9a0d04e0594cf2ab" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=42028563]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":42028563,"title":"Effectiveness of Public Health Eependiture on Health Indicators in India and Odisha","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Health is one of the important indicators reflecting the quality of human life. It is a basic need along with food, shelter, and clothing and education also. Since India鈥檚 independence, the Government of India (GoI) has been trying to enhance the healthcare services provided to its people by focusing on improving the primary health care system and also by enabling the entry of private sector to the health care sector. India have low levels of public spending on health care between 1996-97 and 2005-06, total government spending on health was stagnant at about 2.5 percent of GDP, and per capita health expenditure is only 60 US$. It鈥檚 very less amount compared to a developed country. The total public health expenditure in the country, irrespective of revenue and capital accounts, has increased gradually over the period 2000-01 to 2010-11 with a CAGR of 19.58 per cent. The per capita public expenditure on health sector in India increased from Rs.1058 in 2000-01 to Rs.4116 during the year 2015-16 with CAGR 8.86. This paper examines the trends of public expenditure on health indicators and analyses its effectiveness on health care indicators in India as well as in Odisha by using simple statistical tools like average and CAGR to analyse the secondary data collected from authenticable sources. This study reveals that the growth of public health expenditure on health is not satisfactory and performance of IMR, MMR, TFR, CBR, CDR and Birth rate are to be more developed.\nKey words: Public expenditure and Health indicators\nJEL Code: I10\n"},"translated_abstract":"Health is one of the important indicators reflecting the quality of human life. It is a basic need along with food, shelter, and clothing and education also. Since India鈥檚 independence, the Government of India (GoI) has been trying to enhance the healthcare services provided to its people by focusing on improving the primary health care system and also by enabling the entry of private sector to the health care sector. India have low levels of public spending on health care between 1996-97 and 2005-06, total government spending on health was stagnant at about 2.5 percent of GDP, and per capita health expenditure is only 60 US$. It鈥檚 very less amount compared to a developed country. The total public health expenditure in the country, irrespective of revenue and capital accounts, has increased gradually over the period 2000-01 to 2010-11 with a CAGR of 19.58 per cent. The per capita public expenditure on health sector in India increased from Rs.1058 in 2000-01 to Rs.4116 during the year 2015-16 with CAGR 8.86. This paper examines the trends of public expenditure on health indicators and analyses its effectiveness on health care indicators in India as well as in Odisha by using simple statistical tools like average and CAGR to analyse the secondary data collected from authenticable sources. This study reveals that the growth of public health expenditure on health is not satisfactory and performance of IMR, MMR, TFR, CBR, CDR and Birth rate are to be more developed.\nKey words: Public expenditure and Health indicators\nJEL Code: I10\n","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/42028563/Effectiveness_of_Public_Health_Eependiture_on_Health_Indicators_in_India_and_Odisha","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2020-02-20T11:36:07.193-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":false,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":103778528,"coauthors_can_edit":false,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":33736828,"work_id":42028563,"tagging_user_id":103778528,"tagged_user_id":147971305,"co_author_invite_id":6983436,"email":"r***0@gmail.com","display_order":-1,"name":"Rajat Kumar Mallick","title":"Effectiveness of Public Health Eependiture on Health Indicators in India and 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Practices: A Comparison Between Select Public and Private Sector Banks in India" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/68932059/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/51076808/Corporate_Social_Responsibility_CSR_Practices_A_Comparison_Between_Select_Public_and_Private_Sector_Banks_in_India">Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Practices: A Comparison Between Select Public and Private Sector Banks in India</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RajatKumarMallick">Rajat Kumar Mallick</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://bjbcollege.academia.edu/manindrahanhaga">Manindra Hanhaga</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://nou.academia.edu/KiranbalaSwain">Kiranbala Swain</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The Indian banking industry plays an important role in promoting economic growth and development ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The Indian banking industry plays an important role in promoting economic growth and development of the country. India is the first country to quantify CSR and make it mandatory as per Companies Act 2013. Therefore, the Reserve Bank of India has made it mandatory for every commercial bank operating in India to contribute to CSR. The CSR of the Indian banking sector addresses the financial inclusion, provision of financial services in untapped regions, socioeconomic development through poverty eradication, health and medical care, rural area development and selfemployment training etc. India is ranked fourth among the Asian countries that pay importance towards corporate social responsibility. This study analyzes the CSR activities carried out by the selected public and private sector banks in India. It also examines the actual, standard and growth of CSR spending of selected private and public sector banks in India. Statistical tools like arithmetic mean, standard deviation, kurtosis, skewness, t-test and ANOVA have been used to analyze the secondary data from the year 2013-14 to 2019-20 collected from different authenticable sources. It is found that performance of private sector banks is better in CSR activities as compared to public sector banks in India. The paper also reveals that though the Indian banks are making efforts in the CSR practices, there is still a requirement for more emphasis on CSR activities in a developing country like India.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="a4f6f8b624578dd6b6bee70f6fd49f54" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":68932059,"asset_id":51076808,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/68932059/download_file?st=MTczMjk4MzMzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjk4MzMzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="51076808"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="51076808"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 51076808; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=51076808]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=51076808]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 51076808; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='51076808']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 51076808, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "a4f6f8b624578dd6b6bee70f6fd49f54" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=51076808]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":51076808,"title":"Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Practices: A Comparison Between Select Public and Private Sector Banks in India","translated_title":"","metadata":{"issue":"I","volume":"VI","abstract":"The Indian banking industry plays an important role in promoting economic growth and development of the country. 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Statistical tools like arithmetic mean, standard deviation, kurtosis, skewness, t-test and ANOVA have been used to analyze the secondary data from the year 2013-14 to 2019-20 collected from different authenticable sources. It is found that performance of private sector banks is better in CSR activities as compared to public sector banks in India. The paper also reveals that though the Indian banks are making efforts in the CSR practices, there is still a requirement for more emphasis on CSR activities in a developing country like India.","location":"Sambalpur","journal_name":"Odisha Journal of Commerce \u0026 Management","organization":" School of Commerce Gangadhar Meher University","page_numbers":"26-32","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":6,"year":2021,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":"The Indian banking industry plays an important role in promoting economic growth and development of the country. 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Statistical tools like arithmetic mean, standard deviation, kurtosis, skewness, t-test and ANOVA have been used to analyze the secondary data from the year 2013-14 to 2019-20 collected from different authenticable sources. It is found that performance of private sector banks is better in CSR activities as compared to public sector banks in India. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="47755366"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/47755366/An_Empirical_Assessment_of_Growth_and_Performance_of_MSMEs_in_India_with_Special_Reference_to_Odisha"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of An Empirical Assessment of Growth and Performance of MSMEs in India with Special Reference to Odisha" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/66697351/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/47755366/An_Empirical_Assessment_of_Growth_and_Performance_of_MSMEs_in_India_with_Special_Reference_to_Odisha">An Empirical Assessment of Growth and Performance of MSMEs in India with Special Reference to Odisha</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RajatKumarMallick">Rajat Kumar Mallick</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/pragyanparimitanayak">Pragyan Parimita Nayak</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://bjbcollege.academia.edu/manindrahanhaga">Manindra Hanhaga</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LipunaKhatei">Lipuna Khatei</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://nou.academia.edu/KiranbalaSwain">Kiranbala Swain</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are regarded as the primary engine as well as the bac...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are regarded as the primary engine as well as the back bone for economic growth and development of a developing country like India. The importance of MSMEs is attributable to their high employment potentialities, the requirement of low capital and technology, use of traditional or inherited skills, use of local resources, promotion of entrepreneurial skills, mobilization of resources, and exportability of products. MSMEs play a crucial role by providing economic justice through equitable distribution of income and wealth in a region and in turn reduce regional disparity in the country in general and in state in particular. MSMEs occupy a very important position in the Indian economy due to their major contribution in terms of output, exports, and employment which helps to solve a number of macroeconomic problems in the state of Odisha as well as in India. This paper examines and compares the growth and performance of MSMEs throughout the length and breadth of the state Odisha and India. This study also focuses on the sector-wise composition of MSMEs in the state of Odisha and also analyses the extent of bank credit flow to these sectors. Statistical devices like average annual growth rate (AAGR), arithmetic mean (AM), coefficient of variation (CV) and coefficient of correlation are used to analyse the secondary data collected from various authenticable sources as per the requirement of objectives of the study.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="33b9575a633333990c17abfa0a03bdd7" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":66697351,"asset_id":47755366,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/66697351/download_file?st=MTczMjk4MzMzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjk4MzMzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="47755366"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="47755366"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 47755366; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=47755366]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=47755366]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 47755366; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='47755366']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 47755366, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "33b9575a633333990c17abfa0a03bdd7" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=47755366]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":47755366,"title":"An Empirical Assessment of Growth and Performance of MSMEs in India with Special Reference to Odisha","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.17148/IARJSET.2021.8429","issue":"4","volume":"8","abstract":"Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are regarded as the primary engine as well as the back bone for economic growth and development of a developing country like India. The importance of MSMEs is attributable to their high employment potentialities, the requirement of low capital and technology, use of traditional or inherited skills, use of local resources, promotion of entrepreneurial skills, mobilization of resources, and exportability of products. MSMEs play a crucial role by providing economic justice through equitable distribution of income and wealth in a region and in turn reduce regional disparity in the country in general and in state in particular. MSMEs occupy a very important position in the Indian economy due to their major contribution in terms of output, exports, and employment which helps to solve a number of macroeconomic problems in the state of Odisha as well as in India. This paper examines and compares the growth and performance of MSMEs throughout the length and breadth of the state Odisha and India. This study also focuses on the sector-wise composition of MSMEs in the state of Odisha and also analyses the extent of bank credit flow to these sectors. Statistical devices like average annual growth rate (AAGR), arithmetic mean (AM), coefficient of variation (CV) and coefficient of correlation are used to analyse the secondary data collected from various authenticable sources as per the requirement of objectives of the study.","journal_name":"International Advanced Research Journal in Science, Engineering and Technology","page_numbers":"154-164","publication_date":{"day":27,"month":4,"year":2021,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":"Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are regarded as the primary engine as well as the back bone for economic growth and development of a developing country like India. The importance of MSMEs is attributable to their high employment potentialities, the requirement of low capital and technology, use of traditional or inherited skills, use of local resources, promotion of entrepreneurial skills, mobilization of resources, and exportability of products. MSMEs play a crucial role by providing economic justice through equitable distribution of income and wealth in a region and in turn reduce regional disparity in the country in general and in state in particular. MSMEs occupy a very important position in the Indian economy due to their major contribution in terms of output, exports, and employment which helps to solve a number of macroeconomic problems in the state of Odisha as well as in India. This paper examines and compares the growth and performance of MSMEs throughout the length and breadth of the state Odisha and India. This study also focuses on the sector-wise composition of MSMEs in the state of Odisha and also analyses the extent of bank credit flow to these sectors. Statistical devices like average annual growth rate (AAGR), arithmetic mean (AM), coefficient of variation (CV) and coefficient of correlation are used to analyse the secondary data collected from various authenticable sources as per the requirement of objectives of the study.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/47755366/An_Empirical_Assessment_of_Growth_and_Performance_of_MSMEs_in_India_with_Special_Reference_to_Odisha","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2021-04-27T02:42:43.818-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":147971305,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":36478586,"work_id":47755366,"tagging_user_id":147971305,"tagged_user_id":118362479,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"p***0@gmail.com","display_order":1,"name":"Pragyan Parimita Nayak","title":"An Empirical Assessment of Growth and Performance of MSMEs in India with Special Reference to Odisha"},{"id":36478587,"work_id":47755366,"tagging_user_id":147971305,"tagged_user_id":103778528,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"m***a@gmail.com","display_order":2,"name":"Manindra Hanhaga","title":"An Empirical Assessment of Growth and Performance of MSMEs in India with Special Reference to Odisha"},{"id":36478588,"work_id":47755366,"tagging_user_id":147971305,"tagged_user_id":120353865,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"l***0@gmail.com","display_order":3,"name":"Lipuna Khatei","title":"An Empirical Assessment of Growth and Performance of MSMEs in India with Special Reference to Odisha"},{"id":36478589,"work_id":47755366,"tagging_user_id":147971305,"tagged_user_id":146409985,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"k***1@gmail.com","affiliation":"North Orissa University","display_order":4,"name":"Kiranbala Swain","title":"An Empirical Assessment of Growth and Performance of MSMEs in India with Special Reference to Odisha"}],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":66697351,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/66697351/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"IARJSET.2021.8429.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/66697351/download_file?st=MTczMjk4MzMzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjk4MzMzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"An_Empirical_Assessment_of_Growth_and_Pe.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/66697351/IARJSET.2021.8429-libre.pdf?1619519427=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAn_Empirical_Assessment_of_Growth_and_Pe.pdf\u0026Expires=1732986932\u0026Signature=QymP0kh~YFhkP1b8TYOXO1isP5ys1bK86sdEwjjFrVqc22VZGLM1I7jjAviSvNvAk-iRSimWhcQZOyb2wwU86-lc-hhibxS0lL1yy3KOcz2YZkzk4Mx0aZvGvGvk5~f60hrUoqbTEF2WfCLfn6Dl9hajK5NHZIEcPOJ-IdI4wby6CgK88N72g2D2674LO31QWl3Xs8g4gDrNXxUH7UnV54Cl1GYkDmRcexEUVmsb9aUtIPshakB~Q3ViuihmWKVCRDsm5pi7ve1CVEs55WH69MHXTOp2rl96nmaNt3BF-Ae8uUhHLgdEiU4ohR0AZCEe-2uU2h9xKb0vP9W-~47nlQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"An_Empirical_Assessment_of_Growth_and_Performance_of_MSMEs_in_India_with_Special_Reference_to_Odisha","translated_slug":"","page_count":11,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":147971305,"first_name":"Rajat Kumar","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Mallick","page_name":"RajatKumarMallick","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2020-03-02T06:51:34.618-08:00","display_name":"Rajat Kumar Mallick","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RajatKumarMallick"},"attachments":[{"id":66697351,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/66697351/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"IARJSET.2021.8429.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/66697351/download_file?st=MTczMjk4MzMzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjk4MzMzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"An_Empirical_Assessment_of_Growth_and_Pe.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/66697351/IARJSET.2021.8429-libre.pdf?1619519427=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAn_Empirical_Assessment_of_Growth_and_Pe.pdf\u0026Expires=1732986932\u0026Signature=QymP0kh~YFhkP1b8TYOXO1isP5ys1bK86sdEwjjFrVqc22VZGLM1I7jjAviSvNvAk-iRSimWhcQZOyb2wwU86-lc-hhibxS0lL1yy3KOcz2YZkzk4Mx0aZvGvGvk5~f60hrUoqbTEF2WfCLfn6Dl9hajK5NHZIEcPOJ-IdI4wby6CgK88N72g2D2674LO31QWl3Xs8g4gDrNXxUH7UnV54Cl1GYkDmRcexEUVmsb9aUtIPshakB~Q3ViuihmWKVCRDsm5pi7ve1CVEs55WH69MHXTOp2rl96nmaNt3BF-Ae8uUhHLgdEiU4ohR0AZCEe-2uU2h9xKb0vP9W-~47nlQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":428155,"name":"MSMEs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/MSMEs"},{"id":2652718,"name":"Financing MSMEs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Financing_MSMEs"},{"id":3963402,"name":"MSMEs Issues and Challanges","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/MSMEs_Issues_and_Challanges"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="45590912"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/45590912/Gender_and_Rural_Urban_Literacy_Disparity_in_India_with_Special_Reference_to_Odisha"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Gender and Rural-Urban Literacy Disparity in India with Special Reference to Odisha" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/66071147/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/45590912/Gender_and_Rural_Urban_Literacy_Disparity_in_India_with_Special_Reference_to_Odisha">Gender and Rural-Urban Literacy Disparity in India with Special Reference to Odisha</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/pragyanparimitanayak">Pragyan Parimita Nayak</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LipunaKhatei">Lipuna Khatei</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://bjbcollege.academia.edu/manindrahanhaga">Manindra Hanhaga</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://nou.academia.edu/KiranbalaSwain">Kiranbala Swain</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RajatKumarMallick">Rajat Kumar Mallick</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>IJPUBLICATION, IJCRT</span><span>, 2021</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Literacy is an effective tool for human empowerment. The educated human being can enhance their s...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Literacy is an effective tool for human empowerment. The educated human being can enhance their skill as well as productivity, which in turn improves the quality of life. On the contrary, illiterate people suffer from the dark of ignorance. But the low literacy rate stands as a major obstacle to the development of a person and the country. Moreover, the presence of disparity in literacy in India brings regional imbalances in socioeconomic development. Literacy is unequally found among the sex, region, caste, and occupational groups of the population in India. In spite of several measures taken by both the Government of India and state Government of Odisha, the literacy rate remains to be uneven and low. This paper examines inter-districts disparity of literacy in Odisha as well as interstate disparity of literacy rate in India. It also focuses on discussing the presence of rural-urban and gender disparity in literacy in Odisha and India. In order to examine the literacy disparity, Sopher's disparity index has been used. Statistical tools like CV, arithmetic mean, range, and percentage have been also applied to analyse the secondary data collected from the census of Govt. of India.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="96ce677e1c9cf805066f9df87671e0d0" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":66071147,"asset_id":45590912,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/66071147/download_file?st=MTczMjk4MzMzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjk4MzMzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="45590912"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="45590912"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 45590912; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=45590912]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=45590912]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 45590912; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='45590912']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 45590912, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "96ce677e1c9cf805066f9df87671e0d0" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=45590912]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":45590912,"title":"Gender and Rural-Urban Literacy Disparity in India with Special Reference to Odisha","translated_title":"","metadata":{"issue":"3","volume":"9","abstract":"Literacy is an effective tool for human empowerment. The educated human being can enhance their skill as well as productivity, which in turn improves the quality of life. On the contrary, illiterate people suffer from the dark of ignorance. But the low literacy rate stands as a major obstacle to the development of a person and the country. Moreover, the presence of disparity in literacy in India brings regional imbalances in socioeconomic development. Literacy is unequally found among the sex, region, caste, and occupational groups of the population in India. In spite of several measures taken by both the Government of India and state Government of Odisha, the literacy rate remains to be uneven and low. This paper examines inter-districts disparity of literacy in Odisha as well as interstate disparity of literacy rate in India. It also focuses on discussing the presence of rural-urban and gender disparity in literacy in Odisha and India. In order to examine the literacy disparity, Sopher's disparity index has been used. Statistical tools like CV, arithmetic mean, range, and percentage have been also applied to analyse the secondary data collected from the census of Govt. of India.","more_info":"www.ijcrt.org","journal_name":"International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts, (2320-2882)","page_numbers":"2756-2765","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2021,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"IJPUBLICATION, IJCRT"},"translated_abstract":"Literacy is an effective tool for human empowerment. The educated human being can enhance their skill as well as productivity, which in turn improves the quality of life. On the contrary, illiterate people suffer from the dark of ignorance. But the low literacy rate stands as a major obstacle to the development of a person and the country. Moreover, the presence of disparity in literacy in India brings regional imbalances in socioeconomic development. 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Statistical tools like CV, arithmetic mean, range, and percentage have been also applied to analyse the secondary data collected from the census of Govt. of India.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/45590912/Gender_and_Rural_Urban_Literacy_Disparity_in_India_with_Special_Reference_to_Odisha","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2021-03-21T12:31:05.437-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":118362479,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":36365823,"work_id":45590912,"tagging_user_id":118362479,"tagged_user_id":118362479,"co_author_invite_id":7210803,"email":"p***0@gmail.com","display_order":1,"name":"Pragyan Parimita Nayak","title":"Gender and Rural-Urban Literacy Disparity in India with Special Reference to Odisha"},{"id":36365824,"work_id":45590912,"tagging_user_id":118362479,"tagged_user_id":120353865,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"l***0@gmail.com","display_order":2,"name":"Lipuna Khatei","title":"Gender and Rural-Urban Literacy Disparity in India with Special Reference to Odisha"},{"id":36365825,"work_id":45590912,"tagging_user_id":118362479,"tagged_user_id":103778528,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"m***a@gmail.com","display_order":3,"name":"Manindra Hanhaga","title":"Gender and Rural-Urban Literacy Disparity in India with Special Reference to Odisha"},{"id":36365826,"work_id":45590912,"tagging_user_id":118362479,"tagged_user_id":146409985,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"k***1@gmail.com","affiliation":"North Orissa University","display_order":4,"name":"Kiranbala Swain","title":"Gender and Rural-Urban Literacy Disparity in India with Special Reference to Odisha"},{"id":36365827,"work_id":45590912,"tagging_user_id":118362479,"tagged_user_id":147971305,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"r***0@gmail.com","display_order":5,"name":"Rajat Kumar Mallick","title":"Gender and Rural-Urban Literacy Disparity in India with Special Reference to Odisha"}],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":66071147,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/66071147/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"IJCRT2103338.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/66071147/download_file?st=MTczMjk4MzMzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjk4MzMzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Gender_and_Rural_Urban_Literacy_Disparit.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/66071147/IJCRT2103338-libre.pdf?1616357827=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DGender_and_Rural_Urban_Literacy_Disparit.pdf\u0026Expires=1732986932\u0026Signature=I-7cSU7h7BTroQ4gAvaJRQmQOzE3XHkRuqsnyK4-HGn89dWdevckkt22VOgEPY6gqELvd0ffvE6ZX0kNuUFGJrCeC53PUVTndS5FxoUzHMuk2koqWcfY1owh~JMQRekI583FYmBRmE3sYZO6f8wf8AFFn3YUehzlS5UqzIckxuJCIcWIDIHy~5lAxvUKeAaTNbcN0UwDucl-HljzXn8WsHvkfg~hXfTQOqHiwQI~MtomwOt1hjeoa71L5Steh4Fholjxgo5JaY5sQZ0bWHOExOsrWLCMnGyEScSoqNXCE5W4rLBy3OPGItH2-2PtwQpJOtY0dCJCJtlWFrTFomEwZg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Gender_and_Rural_Urban_Literacy_Disparity_in_India_with_Special_Reference_to_Odisha","translated_slug":"","page_count":10,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":118362479,"first_name":"Pragyan Parimita","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Nayak","page_name":"pragyanparimitanayak","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2019-06-30T11:34:08.221-07:00","display_name":"Pragyan Parimita Nayak","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/pragyanparimitanayak"},"attachments":[{"id":66071147,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/66071147/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"IJCRT2103338.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/66071147/download_file?st=MTczMjk4MzMzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjk4MzMzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Gender_and_Rural_Urban_Literacy_Disparit.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/66071147/IJCRT2103338-libre.pdf?1616357827=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DGender_and_Rural_Urban_Literacy_Disparit.pdf\u0026Expires=1732986932\u0026Signature=I-7cSU7h7BTroQ4gAvaJRQmQOzE3XHkRuqsnyK4-HGn89dWdevckkt22VOgEPY6gqELvd0ffvE6ZX0kNuUFGJrCeC53PUVTndS5FxoUzHMuk2koqWcfY1owh~JMQRekI583FYmBRmE3sYZO6f8wf8AFFn3YUehzlS5UqzIckxuJCIcWIDIHy~5lAxvUKeAaTNbcN0UwDucl-HljzXn8WsHvkfg~hXfTQOqHiwQI~MtomwOt1hjeoa71L5Steh4Fholjxgo5JaY5sQZ0bWHOExOsrWLCMnGyEScSoqNXCE5W4rLBy3OPGItH2-2PtwQpJOtY0dCJCJtlWFrTFomEwZg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":858,"name":"Literacy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literacy"},{"id":922,"name":"Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education"},{"id":444535,"name":"MSME","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/MSME"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="42116038"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/42116038/DIMENSIONS_OF_ENTREPRENEURSHIP_DISPARITY_IN_MSMEs_AN_INTER_DISTRICT_AND_INTER_STATE_ANALYSIS_WITH_SPECIAL_REFERENCE_TO_ODISHA"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of DIMENSIONS OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP DISPARITY IN MSMEs: AN INTER-DISTRICT AND INTER-STATE ANALYSIS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ODISHA" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/62249451/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/42116038/DIMENSIONS_OF_ENTREPRENEURSHIP_DISPARITY_IN_MSMEs_AN_INTER_DISTRICT_AND_INTER_STATE_ANALYSIS_WITH_SPECIAL_REFERENCE_TO_ODISHA">DIMENSIONS OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP DISPARITY IN MSMEs: AN INTER-DISTRICT AND INTER-STATE ANALYSIS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ODISHA</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RajatKumarMallick">Rajat Kumar Mallick</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/pragyanparimitanayak">Pragyan Parimita Nayak</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LipunaKhatei">Lipuna Khatei</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://bjbcollege.academia.edu/manindrahanhaga">Manindra Hanhaga</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://nou.academia.edu/KiranbalaSwain">Kiranbala Swain</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">In a developing country like India, Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are one of the mo...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">In a developing country like India, Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are one of the most vibrant and sensitive sectors. The significance of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) is attributable to its capacity of employment generation, low capital and technology requirement, use of traditional or inherited skill, use of local resources, mobilization of resources and exportability of products. The entrepreneurship in MSMEs plays a leading role in promoting equitable economic and social development of the country.ThoughMSMEs promotion has remainedin focus of Indian development strategy in most of the Five-Year Plans, the progress of Indian MSMEs is not as expected due to several hurdles that they face. The existence of inequality in entrepreneurship of MSME sector is a major concern of bringing socioeconomic equality in the country and particularly in Odisha. This paper examines the existence of disparityingrowth of MSMEs entrepreneurial activity throughout the length and breadth of the state Odisha as well as in India. More particularly it examines the changing dimension of entrepreneurship disparity in MSME sectors among different social groups of the country. This study also finds the important causes of existence of such entrepreneurial disparity in MSME sector. Statistical devices like average annual growth rate (AAGR), compound annual growth rate (CAGR), arithmetic mean and coefficient of variation (CV)have been used to analyse the secondary data collected from various trusted sources to find out entrepreneurship disparity in MSME sectors and to suggest possible measures for the reduction of this inequality in Odisha as well as India.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="a7bafe09136af5c8fb3a76702bfb0fb2" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":62249451,"asset_id":42116038,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/62249451/download_file?st=MTczMjk4MzMzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjk4MzMzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="42116038"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="42116038"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 42116038; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=42116038]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=42116038]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 42116038; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='42116038']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 42116038, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "a7bafe09136af5c8fb3a76702bfb0fb2" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=42116038]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":42116038,"title":"DIMENSIONS OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP DISPARITY IN MSMEs: AN INTER-DISTRICT AND INTER-STATE ANALYSIS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ODISHA","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"In a developing country like India, Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are one of the most vibrant and sensitive sectors. 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More particularly it examines the changing dimension of entrepreneurship disparity in MSME sectors among different social groups of the country. This study also finds the important causes of existence of such entrepreneurial disparity in MSME sector. Statistical devices like average annual growth rate (AAGR), compound annual growth rate (CAGR), arithmetic mean and coefficient of variation (CV)have been used to analyse the secondary data collected from various trusted sources to find out entrepreneurship disparity in MSME sectors and to suggest possible measures for the reduction of this inequality in Odisha as well as India."},"translated_abstract":"In a developing country like India, Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are one of the most vibrant and sensitive sectors. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="42028563"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/42028563/Effectiveness_of_Public_Health_Eependiture_on_Health_Indicators_in_India_and_Odisha"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Effectiveness of Public Health Eependiture on Health Indicators in India and Odisha" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/62252613/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/42028563/Effectiveness_of_Public_Health_Eependiture_on_Health_Indicators_in_India_and_Odisha">Effectiveness of Public Health Eependiture on Health Indicators in India and Odisha</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RajatKumarMallick">Rajat Kumar Mallick</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://bjbcollege.academia.edu/manindrahanhaga">Manindra Hanhaga</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://nou.academia.edu/KiranbalaSwain">Kiranbala Swain</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Health is one of the important indicators reflecting the quality of human life. It is a basic nee...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Health is one of the important indicators reflecting the quality of human life. It is a basic need along with food, shelter, and clothing and education also. Since India鈥檚 independence, the Government of India (GoI) has been trying to enhance the healthcare services provided to its people by focusing on improving the primary health care system and also by enabling the entry of private sector to the health care sector. India have low levels of public spending on health care between 1996-97 and 2005-06, total government spending on health was stagnant at about 2.5 percent of GDP, and per capita health expenditure is only 60 US$. It鈥檚 very less amount compared to a developed country. The total public health expenditure in the country, irrespective of revenue and capital accounts, has increased gradually over the period 2000-01 to 2010-11 with a CAGR of 19.58 per cent. The per capita public expenditure on health sector in India increased from Rs.1058 in 2000-01 to Rs.4116 during the year 2015-16 with CAGR 8.86.  This paper examines the trends of public expenditure on health indicators and analyses its effectiveness on health care indicators in India as well as in Odisha by using simple statistical tools like average and CAGR to analyse the secondary data collected from authenticable sources. This study reveals that the growth of public health expenditure on health is not satisfactory and performance of IMR, MMR, TFR, CBR, CDR and Birth rate are to be more developed.<br />Key words: Public expenditure and Health indicators<br />JEL Code: I10</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="65399b0f85c6f32b9a0d04e0594cf2ab" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":62252613,"asset_id":42028563,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/62252613/download_file?st=MTczMjk4MzMzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjk4MzMzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="42028563"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="42028563"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 42028563; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=42028563]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=42028563]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 42028563; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='42028563']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 42028563, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "65399b0f85c6f32b9a0d04e0594cf2ab" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=42028563]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":42028563,"title":"Effectiveness of Public Health Eependiture on Health Indicators in India and Odisha","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Health is one of the important indicators reflecting the quality of human life. It is a basic need along with food, shelter, and clothing and education also. Since India鈥檚 independence, the Government of India (GoI) has been trying to enhance the healthcare services provided to its people by focusing on improving the primary health care system and also by enabling the entry of private sector to the health care sector. India have low levels of public spending on health care between 1996-97 and 2005-06, total government spending on health was stagnant at about 2.5 percent of GDP, and per capita health expenditure is only 60 US$. It鈥檚 very less amount compared to a developed country. The total public health expenditure in the country, irrespective of revenue and capital accounts, has increased gradually over the period 2000-01 to 2010-11 with a CAGR of 19.58 per cent. The per capita public expenditure on health sector in India increased from Rs.1058 in 2000-01 to Rs.4116 during the year 2015-16 with CAGR 8.86. 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