CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9135c3e74af7ff8a',cH: '9m5G1YTMhKaDlVN7r66tEq1bg5Q4RdNk9u.TcZ76Wfo-1739795180-1.2.1.1-AnRfUuP4vba7qip2CLCfZ0B.mB20_7B1V6zutO9z8nwu_i_xyPrszYMVPzs4h2uh',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Ahmad%20Zulfahmi%20Mohd%20Kamaruzaman&__cf_chl_tk=e3gD_fp1JbmkcYCJmi4LSzq.CYcYh1lveu.7L5U3SQE-1739795180-1.0.1.1-LZwTFH4IS8IR3WkAxROXcwBZSj10EnLDWVltsef37pk",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739795180',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Ahmad%20Zulfahmi%20Mohd%20Kamaruzaman&__cf_chl_f_tk=e3gD_fp1JbmkcYCJmi4LSzq.CYcYh1lveu.7L5U3SQE-1739795180-1.0.1.1-LZwTFH4IS8IR3WkAxROXcwBZSj10EnLDWVltsef37pk",md: "tjHwX0tkACiBI2jFfchG_p2RKPD4Ek2elVCd.eJhiZk-1739795180-1.2.1.1-lhR0I0oOFtqk1P4ppco7uPY6rzyWwH9szaBkCPcty3VUMGt._zbsRp5zJULB2EOolwl89FVJMixFKK_8TOxxLikQkqr7csYZgEH6UmKHdNw56sVejap240yt39VuLTaTsoYqp80bPWA3Q4jnDUwRB_aB9ezkoizFN9SQ_Sft9rQrILwTk0hPXilXfMmWOJk_LGHithkf1qPZ8sIIWcvcSflaR.SrBAtK7LRgjnePhkutJUqSsS8oC7NnP1qFJerlr0.2xlV0ARHzZ2R4NX47DVuYmRIqyqRKh6StAXxBtVdiDevc6XPK.ntUdZH.U4R8PYShoT0AT5Cw8DBhsPggwGrt89sa1fBtDFmygwHsYdc8UpZlRaOUBUw4tlmyikpJUuqRZMVxCS_jUrDZURK.lVTf6ObgOj3cqWYkDu2seQgI5wF3jwJl3jVOgfOmOJ8Vog4ZYhMN_5u7iSSK9qmR0W4qm91MqoXHBNN7K9br3pPF43bTdBmOuWt2vurefdWHB6HsfXr_yBk.G1xWBPnTMcQYriBOhmiRVr9uWuPXDMkzSUM8LMKu9WqXMpUpOarq_KOXoo3sAmDara.88FA4mRrDl_g6TpPcBN6VvokrH3_RDJbZuB5n_Uk8sXQIZTHsPFGFditFve.DT_NWtGEu300pGW0VaN9bgwpwAQyG3v6BlOgLz6n1NszbudYCC0aU4TB8UxzLAYJpsRk_RUY_5L9.YriiunmpG9az6XCkT.mQvhuGPxqmjK6yDLQ9s5hkXlF30S.UpzBcdp.LyrmXtIQDgGaSiqZb0luqzCVyvl7tk9dxntnqO4_r9npw1bxCcSrWcmhlgjDAsi0fCiXmuyDvoJZhCSjyN8eEnmEHifPG7r1cWS9QdVkNHbrLGl1W61qZ631mUGprFbxb26tV2TNzxElMtk5RJ0qbLRcQIrwB5C0dm_ZzGDJ5sV84.CBSdOl0douU0rlGHwgWSk749wlaZnKCU5FmbrS1oSiVpjmPxH1tU4PF1vYf1O9k.afI1kilJC6Q3mnFg9Saj8mf6Vp0T77bA6pybnBFv4RTQM0iujyji4auDWuo4qJeWeVxpFwbCTEag.fweJRayI9mT.UEbG89X6PzbGXZ5eNdo9VcAPybtr_X8NDp_wWcHYU5Yr77G6P5Oj52IdZriapoW5JuGy0BEs0D3yKySJ69.6KtPqOBaU4lqxjc06Rp_k40X3Pfp3UVADFGzKHz0Rt4UZ626hYi5A0vl1bkRMn9SSaOJ2cycyqSUJFp97wTJpLh7DMoEj99qYiK6c4yVNcRvnpHDpgHgsl_DLoelTsf1cgz1CrEy4a38t7P4r.kFHsiMu3whclb1HlFF7GEx0N9r0ZeDIjmDRVXe_1DhrSr8nTW83qclJMApS6DaMU1pe6lTY6GhyMLOenX0Y4pXdGkxDdReodJQPDbZqCv9jgf83_MGTCWUUlglXbMikQadL_ASFQB3ngj3iNqfI.PBWsCG5GLgcodP.ZU7cJyT6nxMBCcw6vvqlQSCEXEAz_yUxKqtgkH45H7XFnwP9pWQI_.swV0VvvQ9bs_igSQhjnni0b5EblivbmCc2JaGGAmOathaG.lcPqqaLuXUG4bVc.dSc3YzHav0Asx6W9Pt.LCQRmca1HVCgDiGM5edBAVtfBRzK0bI4HMBRaaYsGdJM_GZUL8w08__E6HMdPc_.6E4Rs.KcXQV_cwj64UMgyWZCEj0_PhCz9f2_xuVXHJUTMdeukrLJe_aXA_yhQHRuESArV4r7CArCdVrmTIHk10U7XKKemHHpsGs38RSzNP10BpoDOn_aIqrzoo3WgYfv6JCDqXeKMqzwXUVa_Hdsg7CPIXM3jCYdd0wRIFTj0fCUZsQ3g9xZC4hLVRi0IWAzt8bNJC9LsEHKhWdqslDVICAsLq1J.hPfMHiu2jMBAcUCDglviMWjDzXzFuo4SOyf3Iu_Qna_ew9BNZEj8a5bn24qPkbR.CmaE7tgGIBcn2tQtr6aAbYAXe7NdT5AtrF5uQCyA",mdrd: "DGQC2N9952Ma5H9fatZzuUoDtV21C2tovYYJqPkAekY-1739795180-1.2.1.1-97YBcg7t8co8gQJ2H5LpMgrvubWFVc9QAaTci3VJ.yTGcCtOs12OZxTmSlcIIDeoyieCUQnkfU7gSXZHAg5fRDMYcgtEQLV_aMHkSw8Swx8CcAD4nBbpObm9KfSkDiQMJ._f9FPE9OwK5LdSyulwUgmyOLhZzaQqK1.EOtGb8MOD2iqZWsdmmi_FZtS9R.IrXbl2IhFcUfFg_5dJCqrf5vtwGj.HjKKHKckXnS2B.KglDyBjnIIocTtMR821ko3SYuqtCrszKaEnFNhfm8JEITwEDtzblySpSNeyOYXfxQSBJiIkJONz2Y6bHiQ4.jIv7rbp5mvIoUso6.fYxO3N5PKNHpvnDYM59hU_fM_5JfRoy5cAcINly9pqcaU_7ZINy7gIiiSedJVTkt_OzI4HpB0VRVOGnVKYSA5mATP2gHrHjm057rcQEzwZTRscJlx_M7AmVrJ8ECJVX9A10gi5Ge9hm0Bw2aFDFJyqn3k_VjJWj5Xc.aMYdLfeo8rCUmMU5i51HkX30eZN.qrO.eQGSLq2Sv6Zng_RxoKSkJyVY_0Mz79D_pZORBjRzsqhAqUbbVjrJitQww9HaU1YuIQfu6gSQhPGQay4UByb49coFE5O9eIChWNNlaQ2UtYZ9VTGg4USt4mph_uS.4.Ti8qls3CjE3liPUKIVNkADnE6AhdPYlGNPAXANRZkoz0wqkWvDf5pJIFvzOdG7pNswts_HrupraFaEZKtF2cig2XkU.BNvPuenJNva9T6LZOVeull6fDR6zHggILMLgzDysJUb08B6NRACJgAr9VAVeXVx4Uw3mrywOljdk3l1XN9o0ze3Vf57xKjFBaSoqY4L1f80T06FrkP742GBeVoznMlSrCMiu2F4wgyr9adKZOUGHpPsfwiBMydbe52nrDrrFyL0N3saYyEhcqWyDxLfYkSSbQ0gBBAMDJ6BTgMBz1AWNLCrd2Ea6s0rCA_4RAXdnOR.qq32_cQwTtU9.iWsU7Q6QUxpLLBBFdsPJEEySOKgoToNbI4D_l5VywH4nFLFbts.bomt.xUTf_9CoDJYFAibPMcotqFCWRYZTfOLm_b_tHRGqzpidFl.j14ScgELjICTQYOBPRbqypz6jNSS11Rs2HVplmC03g93WTVTRGqUx.aDt3buICcF6ISpE541VWyq3tVzoDQluWd7Z.m9BiwZHXF0900spsUn0IsxDkiddKx_s5HdpU4dJeGh6raZIPUeIKTONPasxj..NQuvRhqvwmaVR7b4pRpuwbIcn4._CVDIGTkrIEBqrZ9eFNH7fG.LG9RUXnsx4jPAfkckLpruDKDoZAX4vRFgcMZw_V8.7xrvzK1fl8AWdz11Z7.CwsBGsRV8X0uZze9Q7kPj7VJnUVWqAbeiRn6Ge84g1oXN_JfzJoc9MidU5Nt0Mn2EBfNVGlFtdrXMWAsCWUhuE9LMntqSwpJN9Rvk_zSueUR9XFXuYbAmCJPeT5gTmcV10fX6ig4xz6ySjBtV_pK5iESUB9ndOv661EVdTiNrVrJNJfqBT2od5tXfbShAvcDvgx7F7xcTMczJfMoE.fz3UYw.PmbHoWPduCnHa3GPM_Lj7931YUPbPp6KNlQVGTTiB5MlshWrF3m7qpzr3cmgcQKd1.0.wjN6.sIGHsD3Jf9GMOOngrQgOgwjLu5.4_WfM.r5ibnc.PFBjFpySTbYr4RmYSzcnubcghSq65IPYSD5hHOSAqdD3kJqpxV2koJv0R.BRgTXa6XfIBZjuIpT9oyqEBXcKJ9vuGJcCutsluWWR151npckusg0UYzkN_u3AV0BNP0SbIC4aFTkBMlsx51BS2KjAPWc2M4QW3Hw000HfUEtSGVn9AG5XVIdyXnqFCIEeAqCwgJw9d8qUo9Lf.PGJXRWeYkvuBWKSnhVN6JktIeOqslK0m89xWHEHtjQthqQ3bpuH0cxncLijimSRMTbRAuLVNhlfoTaK0J3LcEF8yl"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9135c3e74af7ff8a';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=Ahmad%20Zulfahmi%20Mohd%20Kamaruzaman&__cf_chl_rt_tk=e3gD_fp1JbmkcYCJmi4LSzq.CYcYh1lveu.7L5U3SQE-1739795180-1.0.1.1-LZwTFH4IS8IR3WkAxROXcwBZSj10EnLDWVltsef37pk" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>