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emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Apparence"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Modifier l'apparence de la taille, de la largeur et de la couleur de la police de la page" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Apparence" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Apparence</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div 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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Se connecter</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages pour les contributeurs déconnectés <a href="/wiki/Aide:Premiers_pas" aria-label="En savoir plus sur la contribution"><span>en savoir plus</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Mes_contributions" title="Une liste des modifications effectuées depuis cette adresse IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Mes_discussions" title="La page de discussion pour les contributions depuis cette adresse IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Discussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Sommaire" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Sommaire</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">masquer</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Début</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Répartition_géographique" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Répartition_géographique"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Répartition géographique</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Répartition_géographique-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Classification_interne" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Classification_interne"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Classification interne</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Classification_interne-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Phonologie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phonologie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Phonologie</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Phonologie-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Phonologie</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Phonologie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Voyelles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voyelles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Voyelles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voyelles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Consonnes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Consonnes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Consonnes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Consonnes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tons" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tons"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Tons</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tons-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Références" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Références"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Références</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Références-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voir_aussi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voir_aussi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Voir aussi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Voir_aussi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Voir aussi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Voir_aussi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliographie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliographie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Bibliographie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliographie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Articles_connexes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Articles_connexes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Articles connexes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Articles_connexes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liens_externes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liens_externes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Liens externes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liens_externes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sommaire" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Basculer la table des matières" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Basculer la table des matières</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Then</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 8 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-8" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">8 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Then_language" title="Then language – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Then language" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_then" title="Lingua then – galicien" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua then" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%E2%80%99en_jezik" title="T’en jezik – croate" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="T’en jezik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Then" title="Bahasa Then – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Then" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_t%27en" title="Lenga t'en – piémontais" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga t'en" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piémontais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kit%27en" title="Kit'en – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kit'en" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF" title="டென் மொழி – tamoul" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="டென் மொழி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamoul" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BD%AF%E5%83%99%E8%AF%AD" title="佯僙语 – chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="佯僙语" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3442330#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifier les liens interlangues" class="wbc-editpage">Modifier les liens</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espaces de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Then" title="Voir le contenu de la page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discussion:Then" rel="discussion" title="Discussion au sujet de cette page de contenu [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Modifier la variante de langue" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">français</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Affichages"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Then"><span>Lire</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Then&veaction=edit" title="Modifier cette page [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifier</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Then&action=edit" title="Modifier le wikicode de cette page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifier le code</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Then&action=history" title="Historique des versions de cette page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Voir l’historique</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Outils de la page"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Outils" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Outils</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Outils</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">masquer</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Plus d’options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Then"><span>Lire</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Then&veaction=edit" title="Modifier cette page [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifier</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Then&action=edit" title="Modifier le wikicode de cette page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifier le code</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Then&action=history"><span>Voir l’historique</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Général </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Pages_li%C3%A9es/Then" title="Liste des pages liées qui pointent sur celle-ci [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pages liées</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Suivi_des_liens/Then" rel="nofollow" title="Liste des modifications récentes des pages appelées par celle-ci [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Suivi des pages liées</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Aide:Importer_un_fichier" title="Téléverser des fichiers [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Téléverser un fichier</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Pages_sp%C3%A9ciales" title="Liste de toutes les pages spéciales [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pages spéciales</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Then&oldid=217886312" title="Adresse permanente de cette version de cette page"><span>Lien permanent</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Then&action=info" title="Davantage d’informations sur cette page"><span>Informations sur la page</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Citer&page=Then&id=217886312&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informations sur la manière de citer cette page"><span>Citer cette page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FThen"><span>Obtenir l'URL raccourcie</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FThen"><span>Télécharger le code QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimer / exporter </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Livre&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Then"><span>Créer un livre</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Then&action=show-download-screen"><span>Télécharger comme PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Then&printable=yes" title="Version imprimable de cette page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Version imprimable</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dans d’autres projets </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3442330" title="Lien vers l’élément dans le dépôt de données connecté [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Élément Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Outils de la page"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Apparence"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Apparence</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">masquer</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox_v2 infobox infobox--frwiki noarchive"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" class="entete bd" style="background-color:#E6E6FA;color:black;">Then<br /><small>ʔai<sup>22</sup>raːu<sup>22</sup>, ʔai<sup>22</sup>thən<sup>35</sup></small><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r160408458">.mw-parser-output .entete.bd{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2c/Picto_infobox_comicballoon.png")}</style> </td></tr> <tr><th scope="row">Pays </th> <td><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9publique_populaire_de_Chine" class="mw-redirect" title="République populaire de Chine">Chine</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Région </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Guizhou" title="Guizhou">Guizhou</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Nombre de locuteurs </th> <td>20 000<sup id="cite_ref-Bradley371_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bradley371-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> </td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#E6E6FA; color:#000000">Classification par famille</th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left;"><ul style="margin:0.1em 0;list-style:none;list-style-image:none; line-height:normal;text-align:left"> <li style="position:relative;margin:0.1em 0;margin-left:0.8em;line-height:normal;"><span style="position:absolute;left:-0.8em;color:#AAA">-</span> <a href="/wiki/Langues_ta%C3%AF-kada%C3%AF" title="Langues taï-kadaï">langues taï-kadaï</a><ul style="margin:0.1em 0;list-style:none;list-style-image:none; line-height:normal;text-align:left"> <li style="position:relative;margin:0.1em 0;margin-left:0.8em;line-height:normal;"><span style="position:absolute;left:-0.8em;color:#AAA">-</span> <a href="/wiki/Langues_kam-ta%C3%AF" title="Langues kam-taï">Langues kam-taï</a><ul style="margin:0.1em 0;list-style:none;list-style-image:none; line-height:normal;text-align:left"> <li style="position:relative;margin:0.1em 0;margin-left:0.8em;line-height:normal;"><span style="position:absolute;left:-0.8em;color:#AAA">-</span> <a href="/wiki/Langues_kam-sui" title="Langues kam-sui">langues kam-sui</a><ul style="margin:0.1em 0;list-style:none;list-style-image:none; line-height:normal;text-align:left"> <li style="position:relative;margin:0.1em 0;margin-left:0.8em;line-height:normal;"><span style="position:absolute;left:-0.8em;color:#AAA">-</span> langues then-maonan-mak-sui<ul style="margin:0.1em 0;list-style:none;list-style-image:none; line-height:normal;text-align:left"> <li style="position:relative;margin:0.1em 0;margin-left:0.8em;line-height:normal;"><span style="position:absolute;left:-0.8em;color:#AAA">-</span> <b>then</b></li></ul> </li></ul> </li></ul> </li></ul></li></ul></td> </tr><tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#E6E6FA; color:#000000">Codes de langue</th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tiquette_d%27identification_de_langues_IETF" title="Étiquette d'identification de langues IETF">IETF</a> </th> <td><code>tct</code> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></span> </th> <td><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=tct">tct</a></code> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a> </th> <td><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/tenn1245">tenn1245</a></code> </td> </tr> <tr><th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#E6E6FA; color:#000000">État de conservation</th></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:left;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r209916962">.mw-parser-output .flex-container{justify-content:center;display:flex;flex-wrap:nowrap;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .flex-container>div{margin:1px;text-align:left;justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .sk-container{display:flex;width:auto}.mw-parser-output .sk-container>div{margin:1px;text-align:center;float:none}.mw-parser-output .EX-hover:hover{background:black;color:white}.mw-parser-output .CR-hover:hover{background:red;color:black}.mw-parser-output .SE-hover:hover{background:orange;color:black}.mw-parser-output .DE-hover:hover{background:yellow;color:black}.mw-parser-output .VU-hover:hover{background:yellowgreen;color:black}.mw-parser-output .NE-hover:hover{background:silver;color:black}.mw-parser-output .EX-hover a{color:white}.mw-parser-output .EX-hover:hover{color:white}.mw-parser-output .CR-hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .CR-hover:hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .SE-hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .SE-hover:hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .DE-hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .DE-hover:hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .VU-hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .VU-hover:hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .NE-hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .NE-hover:hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .tooltip{position:relative;display:inline-block;border-bottom:1px dotted black}.mw-parser-output .tooltip .tooltiptext{visibility:hidden;width:120px;background-color:#F8F9FB;color:black;line-height:1.2;text-align:center;border-radius:3px;box-shadow:1px 1px 1px rgba(0,0,0,0.35);padding:5px 0;position:absolute;z-index:1;top:150%;left:50%;margin-left:-60px;border:1px solid #C8CBD0;font-size:60%}.mw-parser-output .tooltip .tooltiptext::after{content:"";position:absolute;bottom:100%;left:50%;margin-left:-5px;border-width:5px;border-style:solid;font-size:60%;border-color:transparent transparent #C8CBD0 transparent}.mw-parser-output .tooltip:hover .tooltiptext{visibility:visible}.mw-parser-output .tooltip:hover .tooltiptext{visibility:visible;border:1px solid #C8CBD0;font-size:70%}.mw-parser-output .tooltip .tooltiptext{opacity:0;transition:opacity 0.15s}.mw-parser-output .tooltip:hover .tooltiptext{visibility:visible;opacity:1}</style> <center> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:%C3%89tat_de_conservation_d%27une_langue" title="Modèle:État de conservation d'une langue"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/10px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/15px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/20px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><div class="sk-container" style="justify-content: center;"> <div><span style="font-size:90%;"><center><b>Éteinte</b></center><br /></span> <a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Langue_morte" title="Catégorie:Langue morte"><div class="EX-hover tooltip" style="display:inline; height:22.5px; width:22.5px; line-height:100%; border:1px solid #C8CBD0; border-radius:50%;padding:0.3em;margin:0.2em;"><b>EX</b><span class="tooltiptext">Éteinte</span></div></a></div><div><span style="font-size:90%"><center><b>Menacée</b></center><br /></span> <div style="border-top:2px solid black; border-radius:20%;display:inline;padding-top:1em"> <div class="CR-hover tooltip" style="height:22.5px; width:22.5px; line-height:100%; display:inline;border:1px solid #C8CBD0; border-radius:50%;padding:0.3em;margin:0.2em;"><b>CR</b><span class="tooltiptext">En situation critique</span></div> <div class="SE-hover tooltip" style="height:22.5px; width:22.5px; line-height:100%; display:inline;border:1px solid #C8CBD0; border-radius:50%;padding:0.3em;margin:0.2em;"><b>SE</b><span class="tooltiptext">Sérieusement en danger</span></div> <div class="DE-hover tooltip" style="height:22.5px; width:22.5px; line-height:100%;display:inline;border:1px solid #C8CBD0; border-radius:50%;padding:0.3em;margin:0.2em;background:yellow"><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Langue_en_danger" title="Catégorie:Langue en danger"><b>DE</b></a><span class="tooltiptext">En danger</span></div> <div class="VU-hover tooltip" style="height:22.5px; width:22.5px; line-height:100%; display:inline;border:1px solid #C8CBD0; border-radius:50%;padding:0.3em;margin:0.2em;"><b>VU</b><span class="tooltiptext">Vulnérable</span></div> </div></div><div><span style="font-size:90%"><center><b>Sûre</b></center><br /></span> <div class="NE-hover tooltip" style="height:22.5px; width:22.5px; line-height:100%; display:inline;border:1px solid #C8CBD0; border-radius:50%;padding:0.3em;margin:0.2em;"><b>NE</b><span class="tooltiptext"> Non menacée</span></div></div></div> <div style="text-align:left;font-size:90%;margin-top:0.4em; line-height:1.3">Langue <b>en danger</b> (<b>DE</b>) au sens de l’<i><a href="/wiki/Atlas_des_langues_en_danger_dans_le_monde" title="Atlas des langues en danger dans le monde">Atlas des langues en danger dans le monde</a></i> </div></center> </td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" style="display:none;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navigation-only" colspan="2" style="border-top: 2px #E6E6FA solid; font-size: 80%; background:inherit; text-align: right;"><span class="plainlinks" style="float:left;"><a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Then&action=edit&section=0"><span class="infodoc">modifier</span></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Infobox_Langue" title="Consultez la documentation du modèle"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p>Le <b>then</b> (ou <b>rau</b>, en chinois 佯僙, yánghuáng) est une langue de la famille <a href="/wiki/Langues_tai-kadai" class="mw-redirect" title="Langues tai-kadai">tai-kadai</a> parlée dans la province du <a href="/wiki/Guizhou" title="Guizhou">Guizhou</a> en <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9publique_populaire_de_Chine" class="mw-redirect" title="République populaire de Chine">République populaire de Chine</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Répartition_géographique"><span id="R.C3.A9partition_g.C3.A9ographique"></span>Répartition géographique</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Then&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifier la section : Répartition géographique" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Then&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Répartition géographique"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Le then est parlée par la population du même nom qui réside dans les xian de <a href="/wiki/Xian_de_Pingtang" title="Xian de Pingtang">Pingtang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xian_de_Dushan" title="Xian de Dushan">Dushan</a> et <a href="/wiki/Xian_de_Huishui" title="Xian de Huishui">Huishui</a>, tous trois rattachés à la <a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A9fecture_autonome_buyei_et_miao_de_Qiannan" title="Préfecture autonome buyei et miao de Qiannan">préfecture autonome buyei et miao de Qiannan</a>. Les Then De Pingtang se désignent par le nom de ʔai<sup>22</sup>raːu<sup>22</sup>, tandis que ceux de Huishi utilisent le nom de ʔai<sup>22</sup>thən<sup>35</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ni107_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ni107-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Classification_interne">Classification interne</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Then&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifier la section : Classification interne" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Then&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Classification interne"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Le then fait partie du groupe des langues kam-sui, une des branches de la famille tai-kadai. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Phonologie">Phonologie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Then&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifier la section : Phonologie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Then&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Phonologie"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Les tableaux présentent les <a href="/wiki/Phon%C3%A8me" title="Phonème">phonèmes</a> du then parlé dans le village de Kapu (卡蒲), situé dans le Xian de Pingtang. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Voyelles">Voyelles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Then&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifier la section : Voyelles" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Then&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Voyelles"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Les voyelles sont<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> : </p> <table class="wikitable" border="1"> <tbody><tr align="center"> <th> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Voyelle_ant%C3%A9rieure" title="Voyelle antérieure">Antérieure</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Voyelle_centrale" title="Voyelle centrale">Centrale</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Voyelle_post%C3%A9rieure" title="Voyelle postérieure">Postérieure</a> </th></tr> <tr align="center"> <th><b><a href="/wiki/Voyelle_ferm%C3%A9e" title="Voyelle fermée">Fermée</a></b> </th> <td>i [<a href="/wiki/API_i" class="mw-redirect" title="API i"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">i</span></a>] </td> <td> </td> <td>ɯ [<a href="/wiki/API_%C9%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="API ɯ"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">ɯ</span></a>] u [<a href="/wiki/API_u" class="mw-redirect" title="API u"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">u</span></a>] </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th><b><a href="/wiki/Voyelle_moyenne" title="Voyelle moyenne">Moyenne</a></b> </th> <td>e [<a href="/wiki/API_e" class="mw-redirect" title="API e"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">e</span></a>] </td> <td>ə [<a href="/wiki/API_%C9%99" class="mw-redirect" title="API ə"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">ə</span></a>] </td> <td>o [<a href="/wiki/API_o" class="mw-redirect" title="API o"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">o</span></a>] </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th><b><a href="/wiki/Voyelle_ouverte" title="Voyelle ouverte">Ouverte</a></b> </th> <td>ɛ [<a href="/wiki/API_%C9%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="API ɛ"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">ɛ</span></a>] <div class="clear" style="clear:both;"></div> a [<a href="/wiki/API_a" class="mw-redirect" title="API a"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">a</span></a>] </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Consonnes">Consonnes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Then&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifier la section : Consonnes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Then&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Consonnes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>les consonnes sont<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>4<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> : </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr align="center"> <th rowspan="2" colspan="2"> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Consonne_bilabiale" title="Consonne bilabiale">Bilabiales</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Consonne_alv%C3%A9olaire" title="Consonne alvéolaire">Alvéolaires</a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Consonne_alv%C3%A9olo-palatale" title="Consonne alvéolo-palatale">Alv.-p.</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Consonne_dorsale" title="Consonne dorsale">Dorsales</a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Consonne_glottale" title="Consonne glottale">Glottales</a> </th></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><small><a href="/wiki/Consonne_centrale" title="Consonne centrale">Centrales</a></small> </td> <td><small><a href="/wiki/Consonne_lat%C3%A9rale" title="Consonne latérale">Latérales</a></small> </td> <td><small><a href="/wiki/Consonne_palatale" title="Consonne palatale">Palatales</a></small> </td> <td><small><a href="/wiki/Consonne_v%C3%A9laire" title="Consonne vélaire">Vélaires</a></small> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th rowspan="9"><a href="/wiki/Consonne_occlusive" title="Consonne occlusive">Occlusives</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Consonne_sourde" title="Consonne sourde">Sourdes</a> </td> <td>p [<a href="/wiki/API_p" class="mw-redirect" title="API p"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">p</span></a>] </td> <td>t [<a href="/wiki/API_t" class="mw-redirect" title="API t"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">t</span></a>] </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>k [<a href="/wiki/API_k" class="mw-redirect" title="API k"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">k</span></a>] </td> <td>ʔ [<a href="/wiki/API_%CA%94" class="mw-redirect" title="API ʔ"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">ʔ</span></a>] </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><a href="/wiki/Aspiration_(phon%C3%A9tique)" title="Aspiration (phonétique)">Aspirées</a> </td> <td>ph <span class="API nowrap" title="Alphabet phonétique international" style="font-family:'Segoe UI','DejaVu Sans','Lucida Grande','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial Unicode MS','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro',sans-serif;">[<a href="/wiki/API_p" class="mw-redirect" title="API p"><span title="[p] « p » dans « papa ».">p</span></a><a href="/wiki/API_%CA%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="API ʰ"><span title="[ʰ] indique l'aspiration.">ʰ</span></a>]</span> </td> <td>th <span class="API nowrap" title="Alphabet phonétique international" style="font-family:'Segoe UI','DejaVu Sans','Lucida Grande','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial Unicode MS','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro',sans-serif;">[<a href="/wiki/API_t" class="mw-redirect" title="API t"><span title="[t] en français « t » dans « tous » ; ailleurs avec la langue un peu plus en arrière.">t</span></a><a href="/wiki/API_%CA%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="API ʰ"><span title="[ʰ] indique l'aspiration.">ʰ</span></a>]</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>kh <span class="API nowrap" title="Alphabet phonétique international" style="font-family:'Segoe UI','DejaVu Sans','Lucida Grande','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial Unicode MS','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro',sans-serif;">[<a href="/wiki/API_k" class="mw-redirect" title="API k"><span title="[k] « c » dans « cabas ».">k</span></a><a href="/wiki/API_%CA%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="API ʰ"><span title="[ʰ] indique l'aspiration.">ʰ</span></a>]</span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><a href="/wiki/Palatalisation" title="Palatalisation">Palatalisées</a> </td> <td>pj [<a href="/wiki/API_p%CA%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="API pʲ"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">pʲ</span></a>] </td> <td>tj <span class="API nowrap" title="Alphabet phonétique international" style="font-family:'Segoe UI','DejaVu Sans','Lucida Grande','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial Unicode MS','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro',sans-serif;">[<a href="/wiki/API_t" class="mw-redirect" title="API t"><span title="[t] en français « t » dans « tous » ; ailleurs avec la langue un peu plus en arrière.">t</span></a><a href="/wiki/API_%CA%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="API ʲ"><span title="[ʲ] indique la palatalisation.">ʲ</span></a>]</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><a href="/wiki/Aspiration_(phon%C3%A9tique)" title="Aspiration (phonétique)">Aspirées</a> </td> <td>phj <span class="API nowrap" title="Alphabet phonétique international" style="font-family:'Segoe UI','DejaVu Sans','Lucida Grande','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial Unicode MS','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro',sans-serif;">[<a href="/wiki/API_p" class="mw-redirect" title="API p"><span title="[p] « p » dans « papa ».">p</span></a><a href="/wiki/API_%CA%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="API ʲ"><span title="[ʲ] indique la palatalisation.">ʲ</span></a><a href="/wiki/API_%CA%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="API ʰ"><span title="[ʰ] indique l'aspiration.">ʰ</span></a>]</span> </td> <td>thj <span class="API nowrap" title="Alphabet phonétique international" style="font-family:'Segoe UI','DejaVu Sans','Lucida Grande','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial Unicode MS','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro',sans-serif;">[<a href="/wiki/API_t" class="mw-redirect" title="API t"><span title="[t] en français « t » dans « tous » ; ailleurs avec la langue un peu plus en arrière.">t</span></a><a href="/wiki/API_%CA%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="API ʲ"><span title="[ʲ] indique la palatalisation.">ʲ</span></a><a href="/wiki/API_%CA%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="API ʰ"><span title="[ʰ] indique l'aspiration.">ʰ</span></a>]</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><a href="/wiki/Labialisation" title="Labialisation">Labialisées</a> </td> <td>pw [<a href="/wiki/API_p%CA%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="API pʷ"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">pʷ</span></a>] </td> <td>tw [<a href="/wiki/API_t%CA%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="API tʷ"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">tʷ</span></a>] </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>kw [<a href="/wiki/API_k%CA%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="API kʷ"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">kʷ</span></a>] </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><a href="/wiki/Aspiration_(phon%C3%A9tique)" title="Aspiration (phonétique)">Aspirées</a> </td> <td>phw [<a href="/w/index.php?title=API_p%CA%B7%CA%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="API pʷʰ (page inexistante)"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">pʷʰ</span></a>] </td> <td>thw [<a href="/w/index.php?title=API_t%CA%B7%CA%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="API tʷʰ (page inexistante)"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">tʷʰ</span></a>] </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>khw [<a href="/wiki/API_k%CA%B7%CA%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="API kʷʰ"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">kʷʰ</span></a>] </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td> </td> <td>pr [<a href="/w/index.php?title=API_pr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="API pr (page inexistante)"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">pr</span></a>] </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><a href="/wiki/Glottalisation" title="Glottalisation">Préglottal.</a> </td> <td>ʔb [<a href="/w/index.php?title=API_%CA%94b&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="API ʔb (page inexistante)"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">ʔb</span></a>] </td> <td>ʔd [<a href="/w/index.php?title=API_%CA%94d&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="API ʔd (page inexistante)"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">ʔd</span></a>] </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><a href="/wiki/Palatalisation" title="Palatalisation">Palatalisées</a> </td> <td>ʔbj [<a href="/w/index.php?title=API_%CA%94b%CA%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="API ʔbʲ (page inexistante)"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">ʔbʲ</span></a>] </td> <td>ʔdj [<a href="/w/index.php?title=API_%CA%94d%CA%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="API ʔdʲ (page inexistante)"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">ʔdʲ</span></a>] </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Consonne_fricative" title="Consonne fricative">Fricatives</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Consonne_sourde" title="Consonne sourde">Sourdes</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>s [<a href="/wiki/API_s" class="mw-redirect" title="API s"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">s</span></a>] </td> <td> </td> <td>ɕ [<a href="/wiki/API_%C9%95" class="mw-redirect" title="API ɕ"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">ɕ</span></a>] </td> <td> </td> <td>ɣ [<a href="/wiki/API_%C9%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="API ɣ"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">ɣ</span></a>] </td> <td>h [<a href="/wiki/API_h" class="mw-redirect" title="API h"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">h</span></a>] </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><a href="/wiki/Palatalisation" title="Palatalisation">Palatalisées</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>sj [<a href="/w/index.php?title=API_s%CA%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="API sʲ (page inexistante)"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">sʲ</span></a>] </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><a href="/wiki/Labialisation" title="Labialisation">Labialisées</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>sw [<a href="/w/index.php?title=API_s%CA%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="API sʷ (page inexistante)"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">sʷ</span></a>] </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>hw [<a href="/w/index.php?title=API_h%CA%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="API hʷ (page inexistante)"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">hʷ</span></a>] </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><a href="/wiki/Consonne_sonore" title="Consonne sonore">Sonores</a> </td> <td>v [<a href="/wiki/API_v" class="mw-redirect" title="API v"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">v</span></a>] </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><a href="/wiki/Palatalisation" title="Palatalisation">Palatalisées</a> </td> <td>vj [<a href="/wiki/API_v%CA%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="API vʲ"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">vʲ</span></a>] </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Consonne_affriqu%C3%A9e" title="Consonne affriquée">Affriquées</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Consonne_sourde" title="Consonne sourde">Sourdes</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>ts [<a href="/wiki/API_t%CD%A1s" class="mw-redirect" title="API t͡s"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">t͡s</span></a>] </td> <td> </td> <td>tɕ [<a href="/wiki/API_t%CD%A1%C9%95" class="mw-redirect" title="API t͡ɕ"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">t͡ɕ</span></a>] </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><a href="/wiki/Aspiration_(phon%C3%A9tique)" title="Aspiration (phonétique)">Aspirées</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>tsh [<a href="/wiki/API_t%CD%A1s%CA%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="API t͡sʰ"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">t͡sʰ</span></a>] </td> <td> </td> <td>tɕh [<a href="/wiki/API_t%CD%A1%C9%95%CA%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="API t͡ɕʰ"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">t͡ɕʰ</span></a>] </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><a href="/wiki/Palatalisation" title="Palatalisation">Palatalisées</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>tsj [<a href="/w/index.php?title=API_t%CD%A1s%CA%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="API t͡sʲ (page inexistante)"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">t͡sʲ</span></a>] </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><a href="/wiki/Labialisation" title="Labialisation">Labialisées</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>tsw [<a href="/w/index.php?title=API_t%CD%A1s%CA%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="API t͡sʷ (page inexistante)"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">t͡sʷ</span></a>] </td> <td> </td> <td>tɕw [<a href="/w/index.php?title=API_t%CD%A1%C9%95%CA%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="API t͡ɕʷ (page inexistante)"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">t͡ɕʷ</span></a>] </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><a href="/wiki/Aspiration_(phon%C3%A9tique)" title="Aspiration (phonétique)">Aspirées</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>tshw [<a href="/w/index.php?title=API_t%CD%A1s%CA%B7%CA%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="API t͡sʷʰ (page inexistante)"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">t͡sʷʰ</span></a>] </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Consonne_liquide" title="Consonne liquide">Liquides</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Consonne_sonore" title="Consonne sonore">Sonores</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>r [<a href="/wiki/API_r" class="mw-redirect" title="API r"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">r</span></a>] </td> <td>l [<a href="/wiki/API_l" class="mw-redirect" title="API l"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">l</span></a>] </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><a href="/wiki/Palatalisation" title="Palatalisation">Palatalisées</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>rj [<a href="/wiki/API_r%CA%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="API rʲ"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">rʲ</span></a>] </td> <td>lj [<a href="/wiki/API_l%CA%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="API lʲ"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">lʲ</span></a>] </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><a href="/wiki/Labialisation" title="Labialisation">labialisées</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>rw [<a href="/w/index.php?title=API_r%CA%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="API rʷ (page inexistante)"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">rʷ</span></a>] </td> <td>lw [<a href="/w/index.php?title=API_l%CA%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="API lʷ (page inexistante)"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">lʷ</span></a>] </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Consonne_nasale" title="Consonne nasale">Nasales</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Consonne_sonore" title="Consonne sonore">Sonores</a> </td> <td>m [<a href="/wiki/API_m" class="mw-redirect" title="API m"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">m</span></a>] </td> <td>n [<a href="/wiki/API_n" class="mw-redirect" title="API n"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">n</span></a>] </td> <td> </td> <td>ɲ [<a href="/wiki/API_%C9%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="API ɲ"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">ɲ</span></a>] </td> <td> </td> <td>ŋ [<a href="/wiki/API_%C5%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="API ŋ"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">ŋ</span></a>] </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><a href="/wiki/Palatalisation" title="Palatalisation">Palatalisées</a> </td> <td>mj [<a href="/wiki/API_m%CA%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="API mʲ"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">mʲ</span></a>] </td> <td>nj [<a href="/wiki/API_n%CA%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="API nʲ"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">nʲ</span></a>] </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><a href="/wiki/Glottalisation" title="Glottalisation">Préglottalisées</a> </td> <td>ʔmj [<a href="/w/index.php?title=API_%CA%94m%CA%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="API ʔmʲ (page inexistante)"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">ʔmʲ</span></a>] </td> <td>ʔnj [<a href="/w/index.php?title=API_%CA%94n%CA%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="API ʔnʲ (page inexistante)"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">ʔnʲ</span></a>] </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><a href="/wiki/Labialisation" title="Labialisation">Labialisées</a> </td> <td>mw [<a href="/wiki/API_m%CA%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="API mʷ"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">mʷ</span></a>] </td> <td>nw [<a href="/w/index.php?title=API_n%CA%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="API nʷ (page inexistante)"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">nʷ</span></a>] </td> <td> </td> <td>ɲw [<a href="/w/index.php?title=API_%C9%B2%CA%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="API ɲʷ (page inexistante)"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">ɲʷ</span></a>] </td> <td> </td> <td>ŋw [<a href="/wiki/API_%C5%8B%CA%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="API ŋʷ"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">ŋʷ</span></a>] </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><a href="/wiki/Glottalisation" title="Glottalisation">Préglottalisées</a> </td> <td>ʔmw [<a href="/w/index.php?title=API_%CA%94m%CA%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="API ʔmʷ (page inexistante)"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">ʔmʷ</span></a>] </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Semi-voyelles" class="mw-redirect" title="Semi-voyelles">Semi-voyelles</a> </th> <td>Simples </td> <td>w [<a href="/wiki/API_w" class="mw-redirect" title="API w"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">w</span></a>] </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>j [<a href="/wiki/API_j" class="mw-redirect" title="API j"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">j</span></a>] </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><a href="/wiki/Glottalisation" title="Glottalisation">Préglottalisées</a> </td> <td>ʔw [<a href="/w/index.php?title=API_%CA%94w&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="API ʔw (page inexistante)"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">ʔw</span></a>] </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>ʔj [<a href="/w/index.php?title=API_%CA%94j&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="API ʔj (page inexistante)"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">ʔj</span></a>] </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><a href="/wiki/Labialisation" title="Labialisation">Labialisées</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>jw [<a href="/w/index.php?title=API_j%CA%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="API jʷ (page inexistante)"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">jʷ</span></a>] </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><a href="/wiki/Glottalisation" title="Glottalisation">Préglottalisées</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>ʔjw [<a href="/w/index.php?title=API_%CA%94j%CA%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="API ʔjʷ (page inexistante)"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">ʔjʷ</span></a>] </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tons">Tons</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Then&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifier la section : Tons" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Then&action=edit&section=6" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Tons"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Le then de Kapu est une <a href="/wiki/Langue_%C3%A0_tons" title="Langue à tons">langue tonale</a>, avec 10 tons. Les tons 7 à 8 n'apparaissent qu'en <a href="/wiki/Syllabe" title="Syllabe">syllabe</a> fermées, se terminant par les consonnes <span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;"><a href="/wiki/Alphabet_phon%C3%A9tique_international" title="Alphabet phonétique international"><span class="nowrap">p</span></a></span>, <span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;"><a href="/wiki/Alphabet_phon%C3%A9tique_international" title="Alphabet phonétique international"><span class="nowrap">t</span></a></span> et <span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;"><a href="/wiki/Alphabet_phon%C3%A9tique_international" title="Alphabet phonétique international"><span class="nowrap">k</span></a></span>. Parmi ceux-ci, les tons 7 et 8 sont longs, les tons 7' et 8' sont courts<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>5<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <table align="center" cellpadding="5"> <tbody><tr> <th>Ton</th> <th>Valeur</th> <th>Exemple<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>6<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup></th> <th>Traduction </th></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>22</td> <td><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">ʔdaːi<sup>22</sup></span></td> <td>bon, bien </td></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td>35</td> <td><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">raːn<sup>35</sup></span></td> <td>famille </td></tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td>213</td> <td><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">tɕhɛŋ<sup>213</sup></span></td> <td>éblouissant, aveuglant </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td>44</td> <td><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">ram<sup>44</sup></span></td> <td>eau </td></tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td>42</td> <td><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">ʔmje<sup>42</sup></span></td> <td>cuillère </td></tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td>53</td> <td><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">ʔɲam<sup>53</sup></span></td> <td>soir </td></tr> <tr> <td>7</td> <td>213</td> <td><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">ʔdaːk<sup>213</sup></span></td> <td>copeaux de bois </td></tr> <tr> <td>7'</td> <td>35</td> <td><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">ŋwət<sup>35</sup></span></td> <td>mois </td></tr> <tr> <td>8</td> <td>44</td> <td><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">pwaːk<sup>44</sup></span></td> <td>blanc </td></tr> <tr> <td>8'</td> <td>42</td> <td><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">mok<sup>42</sup></span></td> <td>enterrer </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Références"><span id="R.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Then&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifier la section : Références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Then&action=edit&section=7" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Bradley371-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Bradley371_1-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Bradley 2007, p. 371.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ni107-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Ni107_2-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Ni 1990, p. 107</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Ni 1990, pp. 115-116.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Ni 1990, pp. 112-115.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Ni 1990, pp. 92-93.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Tirés de Ni 1990, pp. 113-118.</span> </li> </ol></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voir_aussi">Voir aussi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Then&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifier la section : Voir aussi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Then&action=edit&section=8" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Voir aussi"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliographie">Bibliographie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Then&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifier la section : Bibliographie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Then&action=edit&section=9" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Bibliographie"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> David Bradley, 2007, <i>East and Southeast Asia</i> dans christopher Moseley (éditeur) <i>Encyclopedia of the world’s endangered languages</i>, pp. 349-424, Milton Park, <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>.</li> <li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : chinois">(zh)</abbr> Ni Dabai, 1990, <i>侗台语概论 - Dòngtáiyǔ gàilùn - An Introduction to Kam-Tai Languages</i>, Pékin, Zhōngyāng mínzú xuéyuàn chūbǎnshè <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/7-81001-199-5" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/7-81001-199-5"><span class="nowrap">7-81001-199-5</span></a>)</small></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Articles_connexes">Articles connexes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Then&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modifier la section : Articles connexes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Then&action=edit&section=10" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Articles connexes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linguistique" title="Linguistique">Linguistique</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liste_de_langues" title="Liste de langues">Liste de langues</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Langues_par_famille" title="Langues par famille">Langues par famille</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Langues_ta%C3%AF-kada%C3%AF" title="Langues taï-kadaï">Langues taï-kadaï</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Langues_kam-ta%C3%AF" title="Langues kam-taï">Langues kam-taï</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Langues_kam-sui" title="Langues kam-sui">Langues kam-sui</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liens_externes">Liens externes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Then&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Modifier la section : Liens externes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Then&action=edit&section=11" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Liens externes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="ouvrage" id="ethnologuetct"><span style="font-style: normal;"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethnologue.com/language/tct">Fiche langue</a> <code>[tct]</code> dans la base de données linguistique <i><a href="/wiki/Ethnologue,_Languages_of_the_World" title="Ethnologue, Languages of the World"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Ethnologue</span></a>.</i></span></cite></li></ul> <div class="navbox-container" style="clear:both;"> <table class="navbox collapsible noprint collapsed" style=""> <tbody><tr><th class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style=""><div style="float:left; width:6em; text-align:left"><div class="noprint plainlinks nowrap tnavbar" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000000);"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Langues_ta%C3%AF-kada%C3%AF" title="Modèle:Palette Langues taï-kadaï"><abbr class="abbr" title="Voir ce modèle.">v</abbr></a> · <a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Langues_ta%C3%AF-kada%C3%AF&action=edit"><abbr class="abbr" title="Modifier ce modèle. Merci de prévisualiser avant de sauvegarder.">m</abbr></a></div></div><div style="font-size:110%"><a href="/wiki/Langues_ta%C3%AF-kada%C3%AF" title="Langues taï-kadaï">Langues taï-kadaï</a></div></th> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:4em"><a href="/wiki/Langues_kada%C3%AF" title="Langues kadaï">Langues kadaï</a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style="background:#ECECFF;text-align:left;"><table class="navbox-subgroup" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Langues buyang</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=";background:#ECECFF;text-align:left;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baha" title="Baha">baha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buyang_ecun" title="Buyang ecun">buyang ecun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buyang_langjia" title="Buyang langjia">buyang langjia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yerong" title="Yerong">yerong</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Gelao_(langue)" title="Gelao (langue)">Langues gelao</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=";background:#FFF;text-align:left;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A%27ou" title="A'ou">a'ou</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A%27ou_de_Hongfeng" title="A'ou de Hongfeng">a'ou de Hongfeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelao_rouge_de_Pudi" title="Gelao rouge de Pudi">gelao rouge de Pudi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelao_rouge" title="Gelao rouge">gelao rouge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulao_(langue)" title="Mulao (langue)">mulao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gao_(langue_gelao)" title="Gao (langue gelao)">gao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelao_blanc" title="Gelao blanc">gelao blanc</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gelao_blanc_de_Niupo" title="Gelao blanc de Niupo">gelao blanc de Niupo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelao_vert" title="Gelao vert">gelao vert</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gelao_vert_de_Liangshui" title="Gelao vert de Liangshui">gelao vert de Liangshui</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Langues lachi</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=";background:#ECECFF;text-align:left;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lachi" title="Lachi">lachi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lachi_blanc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lachi blanc (page inexistante)">lachi blanc</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">(autres)</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=";background:#FFF;text-align:left;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/En_(langue)" title="En (langue)">en</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laha" title="Laha">laha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qabiao" title="Qabiao">qabiao</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody></table></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:4em"><a href="/wiki/Langues_kam-ta%C3%AF" title="Langues kam-taï">Langues kam-taï</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="background:#FFF;text-align:left;"><table class="navbox-subgroup" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Langues hlaï</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=";background:#ECECFF;text-align:left;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hla%C3%AF" title="Hlaï">hlaï</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cun_(langue)" title="Cun (langue)">cun</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Langues_kam-sui" title="Langues kam-sui">Langues kam-sui</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=";background:#FFF;text-align:left;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ai-cham" title="Ai-cham">ai-cham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chadong" title="Chadong">chadong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kam_(langue)" title="Kam (langue)">kam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kam_du_Nord" title="Kam du Nord">kam du Nord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mak" title="Mak">mak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maonan_(langue)" title="Maonan (langue)">maonan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulam" title="Mulam">mulam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sui_(langue)" title="Sui (langue)">sui</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">then</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Langues_ta%C3%AF" title="Langues taï">Langues taï</a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style=";background:#ECECFF;text-align:left;"><table class="navbox-subgroup" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">centrales</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=";background:#ECECFF;text-align:left;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cao_lan" title="Cao lan">cao lan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A0y_(langue)" title="Tày (langue)">tày</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuang_du_Sud" title="Zhuang du Sud">zhuang du Sud</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dai_zhuang" title="Dai zhuang">dai zhuang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minz_zhuang" title="Minz zhuang">minz zhuang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nong_zhuang" title="Nong zhuang">nong zhuang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuang_de_Dejing" title="Zhuang de Dejing">zhuang de Dejing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuang_de_Yongnan" title="Zhuang de Yongnan">zhuang de Yongnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuang_de_Zuojiang" title="Zhuang de Zuojiang">zhuang de Zuojiang</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">du Nord</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=";background:#FFF;text-align:left;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bouyei" title="Bouyei">bouyei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saek" title="Saek">saek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuang_du_Nord" title="Zhuang du Nord">zhuang du Nord</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zhuang_de_Guibei" title="Zhuang de Guibei">zhuang de Guibei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuang_de_Guibian" title="Zhuang de Guibian">zhuang de Guibian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuang_de_Hongshuihe" title="Zhuang de Hongshuihe">zhuang de Hongshuihe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuang_de_Liujiang" title="Zhuang de Liujiang">zhuang de Liujiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuang_de_Qiubei" title="Zhuang de Qiubei">zhuang de Qiubei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuang_de_Youjiang" title="Zhuang de Youjiang">zhuang de Youjiang</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">du Sud-Ouest</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=";background:#ECECFF;text-align:left;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahom_(langue)" title="Ahom (langue)">ahom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aiton_(langue)" title="Aiton (langue)">aïton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isan_(langue)" title="Isan (langue)">isan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khamti" title="Khamti">khamti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khamyang" title="Khamyang">khamyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kh%C3%BCn" title="Khün">khün</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_(langue)" title="Lao (langue)">lao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pa_di" title="Pa di">pa di</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shan_(langue)" title="Shan (langue)">shan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ta%C3%AF_l%C3%BC" title="Taï lü">taï lü</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_n%C3%BCa" title="Tai nüa">tai nüa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ta%C3%AF_hongjin" title="Taï hongjin">taï hongjin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_phake" title="Tai phake">tai phake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_ya" title="Tai ya">tai ya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ta%C3%AF_dam_(langue)" title="Taï dam (langue)">taï dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tay_deng" title="Tay deng">tay deng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tay_don" title="Tay don">tay don</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tay_sa_pa" title="Tay sa pa">tay sa pa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A0y_tac" title="Tày tac">tày tac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tha%C3%AF" title="Thaï">thaï</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tha%C3%AF_du_Nord" title="Thaï du Nord">thaï du Nord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tha%C3%AF_du_Sud" title="Thaï du Sud">thaï du Sud</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody></table></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">(autres)</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=";background:#FFF;text-align:left;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Be_(langue)" title="Be (langue)">be</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakkja" title="Lakkja">lakkja</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody></table></td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Langues" title="Portail des langues"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Iconoir_chat-bubble.svg/24px-Iconoir_chat-bubble.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" 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