CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9135104c3eb7fe01',cH: 'iZ7NziflgyJWyMVlPDTSvbjXskIn9dh5Hx5Vku_VCpQ-1739787824-1.2.1.1-.jkLDuCXOR0KzTpXvrSXUwRokqMP1a0J5NXNS1MSIOVvvJjv_mCDQfRzBi84gfXb',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=paratuberculosis&__cf_chl_tk=ws_9Ck47Pv1o.SYUUV4cjaS2HfBglcg1pvuEMD_zj6o-1739787824-1.0.1.1-evr3PKHG3m5EuXxEoYrVJhOuQg_3E6d02QcFP9AyOZ0",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739787824',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=paratuberculosis&__cf_chl_f_tk=ws_9Ck47Pv1o.SYUUV4cjaS2HfBglcg1pvuEMD_zj6o-1739787824-1.0.1.1-evr3PKHG3m5EuXxEoYrVJhOuQg_3E6d02QcFP9AyOZ0",md: "j1P5AxeucOtnz2xmeKg.rie0ohv3t4z4rbEo4UCSXKg-1739787824-1.2.1.1-FxVSVVQR.F1Y61jtrKYtI3sLBMPIGOp8QnSX1h_hdAunlcRvoJ2nBp2HRsXREqdAAU6ekIPzjDD336c4V8zAOiNFoG4MkMQlYASrOtmD_KHNWsmJkNG_AJxIlm.omWMC9biIA2f42o3bUetm4TW8IpEMux17AGJURB7Bb0Gy_81KSXi_V5RTPO6rlULBwFj.4mE71MAR5GfFwxHKn7wu55plozzqCvMxScRCblkkl.MmOF7GMUOsk_HQQZCeYCDCtoWaedWKPwsLWMxdmM5dS9TKS0hp1hwCf.IWUFaP_natavFMM8h7o8EMNFUhdt3D_CS0TLVrXdAX610nLKD8Syhrm5ovUaFuBMHW8txUgdvANjeqMKp.1Ly6ARIb5jcPSF_kBSXP2qrDKZ7dlXqLh2gXfa6tnH9XyrHWH3Vi5l3QdxoYBFU53KEnaEl9CY9pD_cgLvlsyTh_IR64dtTuEG3YIEZP6wjA6g4mPgJGKet5gWYlejgF0ENo0ZsPeD6I8DTe1IUeXRUkyTzeM9E8P_Itp39dW5Tw8NZOgpVSWigMbjwca8b0OKDzeTSjh6eyiddWBdTAhe0BjBwV.ghgGdOUU7a5fT6lMR3cCaxiMPdydFIYPmyTMgdEykLu_BuPvFbwJSnOlHmlsVxCcJ8xyrbaW4j0OKKjudd4S6HQA81KK72y2hQicgq92YKbnS34vqgYNfGKF9L0KLS02WoUSgcgA4i65BMuaCXjL.BC6zKvRNVAR1i8aKE8pTeEpWlKTH4XRMvFMLE6e0zfHyCDH8ueg7vbL7Orc.qu7fxwW695AtMapUrW1uTKxIdMC0fT6m0xo8YqBLF9Tbe2JZViUY6jgh9PL3i.CRxZ7aYBU3yLRMOjb11VEprudwD.UpHa5VMkEdN.ZNqxrxuxQaBHSXar4KHUWrY3rmSq87eC6AjkjssueEMoCsSLzVH34TOynUtpZpw2FYGt5Nz6RRCSFwfq7nOg0b2ELXRJLcS7GRE3w2GiEBqpupJRTNbijyPLNP9aWEbJl8ZoMtz_tL0L4e15PPdr6y92F6q.0nrhEIhw74lwTPretR4T.n6l7O.C1X05W88ZPvwFQPz6bI5pMmh8q5gGxJhoKA496GInaFbD1stD5.v6CMBoUXFhlX0JbwOGvar5TtaiAmdCOApHEUjioLokcUNvhHgcSM29.5BjJdE16_YFPPY_fK47xav9xgyerpKcfwuB9c5qtl12ZowWU68Sk5B.98Jc2r7VZ9pbyV0ih_ReeqNBFjKbvqaJDA4fTnmnf1T5McP3vn_3fsdCKcn4s40dcaWHEcP0T5WYfx0GhCwOwf50kWDtdjtmA3hzwiyEFJtqShBuPB6UGERlxq2OTM._5XrDphzQPHbgtH0ZBN30.M1iR18b6eV3E0fNSbyTDdNXn3eeHhCiEfeSh7NuCjkzS3o1U5w0MsNjHLpsUpgrRYsIzRdStXeOqCUGFc16ITfWiKnc9YwJOTdiPeWbDCfHTTFjX8OXWfG4yz3DWTj692044sSFQfsVK.vhY.B5_ap7JQdZK3W5s.U4tEtdhlA2uR0Fed_UDVq2ayLhrjNt.rJGiJiL_.i0sG9gwSLfwJMPMkMo.p7cluHotonvGFgWqkdjRDsK5MPea7f2W2SD.fdFbJHYX0iFtzVMh8c8D1.XVoMQanwV2r7Gd2qZ6nrwpN6oTnFI2wUGPFNXUzVsAONH8PlDlC81.2I2NjjUbT3Q1aNAwWYrWcOS1T3hbYYXyFcslf1PPvS9EEGpDzJlQNSfhKUeomu_Zb6OMzypnXMynnaBxOKs5B4bB8e1Lbfb8h.2MsPtIBtlB8okmHKbgvNYetO4npnr95d9BMeQD_goNBhUwwjYU3MH05b7q313JzzNfkgQD9ym3ptzwUr7.HXmhlRxmwE_kHgHJXuphy9hpZecfVKTGb315TrzEoQ.b1UoPvhf.zc",mdrd: "QfOHbfLQqJRrhEAXIeR_jei5UTLss0QJOAeQo0DkZew-1739787824-1.2.1.1-htBfPyFsdkrIVQ5760sCFzh4YaFMphIA.pxgY1HIfLaYzEscAtrdGTK8762Lzuu1DfJtiO0jw6EK4J245SSaqCYVGPvA25K8888k9vcAmzky2YDxJbkSyUaifqtNcvbPN7Mgckf06xbqh3Wc1Qw3wIkOgnOzcfmzWOS5_I2Y_UmUHR5oTbiqcvae3LEzcwHXjkN3SrNBXihZxkCdsz4ZPtYTaz4ojxSXoGvyqZWS2T3sf9gJ7dIcMLpLnrPvBEsJD84jjrm8pWJ3EKl.98QEmnMuJNZjJ_nGqRR2jGwUcRfXU6dsuPSncTnXijs_GprefcBCuu7N2_oOtXePbCuGAL7G2fK.Or7MtNMaR8Q5pC28Zg6fefPDUShH7k4xED5w0yuJKgLWxKdCpEGIr5JqSzul3CBO7oDSAWBgt.MnTQtZPO_NI5voQjEmFUtkKCRbSc6ackbukJ8jlyeOQFaKoBRenx8lnQgwR7lrhKf8eA1PMPumdQgIRjbvdMNVKa9nMD0ONLqCxVPDbBx0mDJx58Od1NuG.F89bDcvYsuJ.ZyvNPcGrqr8LLqdlNUQnVJjPCrcstSL1Xpe0MwhNVA70cFjjq.8Xb4CcUFGzTMdleVMWbYXz14t9Aoa5pps48ZgHDFNqBsVl2HptTZI9mHZ3906_0C9SGm.b0QLG0EB7zLWn_7lifDUdASgd_iffwdfrjrnmRJ7pO.MQdyzVHpa1qV6cvw9kbcxHBFXu1hFITeHZtbjeu53Sfa16bu._usP7gxrlsHnWkDmQe7GiEvVVZLGs2Ln9DD84nRJxBnk_3Kw4hpBMrkJ4omZA9MGHo.1ROl6_MxK4HUWpTg146Q5pUzTlUTWQqv71T0.1fHaM9IvJmGXOM92.CUGGK2QUchkqPjyPPYkWd2zakQkMYLHM9vQXV1.C152SU1PDiXadfooEwQrAF8FWMyk9IKb1ktx8S2sirgHJnXEcEkvd8f3VifzYbsGO916y27esF_ya2dUtVLrD4J1J2LpG_E5iqalyTTpaWutculGeOkxmwmZoaFX1_J8fr0wNUgIuNwhrjHwoayCuOIUV25Njc0cGKNrPPlRTsUFVSCp60tFRv10MIqmaDs.o_OLztR21Kt9Agr1PUtZ9bHK7ho0w6CLITNejJ_t6NXsLax_BMdkC1Ji9xKeNPY0KofpWR0W276Dq5XXwUhBh82atgTaAK88jPbvTAVE4otfw38jabsyq5KBI4RD9H51NcxUVU1Y_Qz4IUJKCc027jcUIbotBci4XT2vYWBZk8sDveaJzT1j0VGzNgF1OdPk.ELAfHv5o6jNb_JKbZrEirAdKMD8GbQ2qgi.KBB.rb.NtvrUTfVp2w_TGclHYtgCWt2zvEqFRIPLrP.V4OyOp_eNdKlRtv_BPeE8plwpViQdubS77jOhTDUZLjFTBcNMDGiV0aFwO.UgRz3yuBcTIjIppxfE.ysdGyCUyIqDHEdOGFklEZsatuH82lswRxsNjbqbj.2JgRfMd8oZrp_p8iVHMi0QbVYeGVUqMzfYeiuQjxXZ.rb7BFdrQ6tKP5RTqoMdL2CEbAOp7XCtEXcsaByF21PurGs._vjVO3QUj1g9GAhaXq.EBZGamr2Q2qRx3W46pXiGLAEgiQm2_QlO3UvB0brxH7i5.COIaANfubr8O.PAPDD7d3ydDeRHEvGJj44eo3xAE.lq8Cz2iK9jKDTXCr2R2vqInz4eGUs7odHhv68sAC1WgxNWtRtBLi8oZPCXE9OMk6vGb34xsJmbUxnKaxqVoZnx3.XOUoO.UCaYsaOp7UrpLvOMaP.Ms8szyDkdcZlcxf3PZGkdI4Ttcb2koYlSMHETzKp817hZXPRQc68nWidntHrze7bbXl2zSPG7NtnwpfKefxoF_yfgu.TK6DGT0pozAOmw.xtFamScJQatVLzIC.W5aeO5Pq4sd8u1ea3KNgOfoMTP3IqoF5Rv30UWnynkM_.nz5V7v7XeX_LqVMaAwJfQ4g"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9135104c3eb7fe01';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=paratuberculosis&__cf_chl_rt_tk=ws_9Ck47Pv1o.SYUUV4cjaS2HfBglcg1pvuEMD_zj6o-1739787824-1.0.1.1-evr3PKHG3m5EuXxEoYrVJhOuQg_3E6d02QcFP9AyOZ0" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>