CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '91352a5d2d2ffd24',cH: 'js6MB3viB5WMlcLJMCmipgO6y94uoppfgBzSF8.kZuE-1739788891-1.2.1.1-xw6J2QbuidgthoV0CmvurHYGNa57v96_XjKJHBjYCQuZOh.gaXEr5gGcnBIKwGqi',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Amman%20stock%20exchange&__cf_chl_tk=khbjKdfK1WD1YsagDgB1TaIE4dczMFhri3jmAfJpFEo-1739788891-1.0.1.1-ecJo2mWFDEOdqntXS4uqR5dFL.YhYF9NbDNY9QrKPi0",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739788891',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Amman%20stock%20exchange&__cf_chl_f_tk=khbjKdfK1WD1YsagDgB1TaIE4dczMFhri3jmAfJpFEo-1739788891-1.0.1.1-ecJo2mWFDEOdqntXS4uqR5dFL.YhYF9NbDNY9QrKPi0",md: "UB9az0XZNJmEG6SwBNQwqUdnX9EoampiKBd0tt8VIZw-1739788891-1.2.1.1-I5WfQisqjid0eKAK4c9NrKzs8Gk7315JLusaSNieLrjPTP1cWzEKBBFKS98D2wWVGjTSAFTVQiMemrM7axiMRXpjtEHJDJTinuRfHRcFpBtek04ug7jvDiGjEGgNLodSAXoS.dOQZJETXxNFZtFOBlvreu5WoYj5osQDfHXzxI7EXVNrANlhsVMjAH7q4t59HAbdIdppPQgBM11BzVsvByhp9msqbuZU5lVCr23ChU98ZEXUanQEGAvFgMoMvrN18oxAch7Jcd6MMFT9TKn0lTBEKTJDXFfyjpvYVMlY.Ei66UkdInfz2XTaWG.IR9saA9bik0rkS3nu8tr6K7pOS1zhfs3D5Wc6dI1Ygfd8kFaH5U3u4zirYHItc2g4wEfUnZt23DMVTgAZY5tFbCabXVPkmnHx6U9VpgvD7Aant9p4oPnIBioM6wrzGo6X7MwTG5ENN9cn4sVIQVWFrwEIABDfroqIaTos02smtmDklF5pJ3GQ_c4w9LcwkHPJgKiRTwAa6UiYeEIcpIktpUmpNNemyycsnbeEOpo_Mey_wvOabD7Znuf0P4b.Rrl7eDUJNun.WRFwp15e9N1XGrokz5C_UOBwlChuiHW3yX_EWvwde4L9IyYmXcBBVPiTRZWEWiCT2w_nuRTftAZjnpO6IYsTyxojQC5uqDyNW9zW_KP6mfzLsTzjDlPuh4JgDcw7J4o.bKx8l1uaJEr6BWamI0uq0Rz3ZPX48M.D8J1UU_G5.zwRymYRl.oAIQCfBDc4regUIfyfnOX4zDihmXmJaQE0WKCeKTChQZK37lTxn3Rlon5ajcArbdeBY0KXFS04duSVvR2K.OLhSuBmGk1_sWeAtEzpgYzlqQXjCzD75vs0zjXep9zCj4DTpH4qN3SD.pL5ztn_qsgKk5dJiP0Mi.wJaXP_kpITdgWBxkEbLO0oSEllCM0JxJ.zIIp6I4.Jq6h3G0YucD4z9QNwBnFSgdshjN_xzIYm8IxXxrpn3HdhYXivWMzHElTbwO2jkhmJyNhgkZCxb8eAkoyRrQ9Mf0gsFHMVdZgWKz0uu02ePUj_Gf9gwFt39fp84dwmYoiWAqioDlJzDYjCjZzMjvhEMAiYq2gWGzOV.WRe8N_ytZ_xDlIaDtAinMt.qfVDWqhlDyW9N0f53ErJY66_Gdz4mH99fXkJeXVolaSLEoFjDb7A37zTHVhGOrPp5ZWmZvrxRMPm1EJZ8cWziSukH8SogKZy5FqOwgxuaGW4q5LFRcpAAN4hjob3g8a7RAlLLA0XFm11eRRBKoTgzn8X9ZYDwkHq7pR5jTl8HzeKf2PJMM2C5qu6n_fEpnXSYVnbSfAePCjaEglTG5DkK7jqlbHrQneqsDcJFzcfeS5w2F6drKA6CqKlq2vlf4P_Gwn9ilnzk_3zhA3k6.xPg__o1I60XC4XpGWAtQXcX9X4Vss_darEi2JDS.B7MbfctSL6k2BuyMKWg.UUFvdVtzcHqbfaYX49fU5oe1cL.932rA5051UJ00YFaiOWkeMAsx3av61XMT0HSjMYYgeBBsWHXjUsAbylxPvdXpoZzijF.IfQgC5koNKACC1nmW3Q2uLrsVyT9nI8pJ338iaWeaoXfLG00s1OAaU83g._pGn2tN29pUnGqGI9mMan1UEUX7hZx5AbD2gA3G298nO5UykzHo9udcZ4LWcqOCqDRYMw2ctVtCGyOFIU88IIopLg9fJPw8x5Tsjirw4DCQqbwEBifAWrgdJYJ14gNgNw8XyFbBz0lc1C60T45jDdUnM5d11qMSlo5HBdxLMaIHRDMd94NqWkJzU0PPnU967N0YPfxzZDg5yPMxVFpOn31p3qnGu_cIlLiSvd4duW5YNKTVaE8ft4qnIQw5kIWB.WiS5szOa3Ont7jOlVK5HKROyCZ2MBvts4B8BlUruCkku_LGsjomZYmE5osHAbR7zHD7DvphJxVq4geE5eLD8Kn.aWRN3GQxbj",mdrd: "A5yJbZsco1q0ED4dncOS1nSkIpINDrK.QmdnnRIQTjo-1739788891-1.2.1.1-Sax9HnkfyWnGw0F.uQuJF0hqiDREWccZGiX3jeaXGlDl_NQ0KKuLytlzsMk1Vy56d3QLdIl3ohjLcDHJOgHlmoGBnIxf4BU2GBSfCnJcR9E7Fqu.M9LR7c9i5hvk1MkTGgD9Qa.fdEe45IhMsm52imzVifLquNyjyBk7VLc7B7lTIy974YkbVxJ.JQph.0Y0E7R99VFllKp11ajgQq5oNUjUdDd5YON5fYBGP8sfnEK3m1N1yMk2qkMyujdD4xjtqST9PxfMzd8xU2OTiLk7CxHqtG5pExLeVvdfTKbIduS2GSt1SiiROkLQ.M30Ji4AiO1I_QsKYdKFN6Vx0cYmQ.ey9kxjH.r46w8EU_.loANXYNqmdlYCfiCekuCqnLkDY.NebJCgyL_LyOeEHVWgK8ff7S41YSvauFMWJ4FqdulzzabkoFXl_bmuIMrJwvKQmzPuEKsiJU3qVvL0c1FaYWjDyAc50E5Qh7a67NNcKWEGihXqG24jwrhIw0zwcNZ4EMxnh8M4HFp2e4vPm6bDyQ2RuWVJELrTI5s6vQc8n5bBq83vbYFI3PmegntKXvQ4K0CcOZWLtjgQKEPmDIeKPLJ.1pKlXtHO.Up.Iiv0YMxcbodzIb08mxnW.LrbcRrG2lJiaoEo3ckbRzEo1EfrOjbNnORn8p6i7dLhWWoNiCqZ74678DR_2R.tRWTK9WuDb5T3W_H9irhov0A0bVfqShcZeBOGACF8gpos7gMiVNByVMIax3v6kuc7iDtx_DP6u68EQntZ_2wPbp9tLwdruBIwcnHKj710AW24i.ju5CSnAyOp.ddLcedDhcChNCxQ2VAMxNusW9oXUkNY81FGEZWpGRgrswuLyN1vWhVXYleoAemJE5_2featXEQAh.oD5VcQooE524.hq2KdiQ2IkqJhzF9C7jTy0mf.3_5PGKVVq6ZArEJi722q6npEVREElTdKck.zVUa4OruvsB7CcFfLM3k2xOjuhvjIv7vZAykOZqUOdfgnIMc3AHojQkT16OHDOptmRLg03_mZEF9GJ47DMIlw0jfEuyVOzmcw8BUnwYhp2alEdYOjP51XAktv.3SpK9dobbBEFVrhZq7GAxO4ItH0lSWZX_X3B4VSqQqbTIw1CdmnoP3cDpSwSOC7BS6dqXwi4w8Fz1MSG8g7Jeu8g_F2ZFAU8GxvLy6WSQ3fnbrCFMgiFHv6IAmzUfsQYxd3p0L8tfuSPcSk45d4LdeDe7dpw_2FLE684rQ0e0FA75NlVgTWLbblMnErsEgovIBpmqMbcCmaH62DQKhcZQwlsHbMrtbO1hegfe5SYPloBW2VO6DaMW7ZMHg72XytesssXhq7p4GnDifsy3REK2FZzKpxffa59.uYgR8pnpDOZAeQQktMLyFpdyqe08kuzYer67AeDeyANm6mQ79FyZMkeuFdTWnw_R6cf2sGBivbXxngdSGlBFCLFMeBiq1.lrE_79wRv_DlRNBcuEeMnEQonAQNDErC2Id9fXB0oIExGb_gn8AIbE3_Bo.1rEZAEUkuVWjpibPGe6kLGDWaZJBW9BV7cfwqhKPJTxx3ds5_72sSxT7xxYg.p.lAWmULY6j_.wfD8m5.2CZazfa4w_02Vlk8wlbs6xE3KKpiO8tdPF42cbJma9YtUXXV3jKRbhFO_BfZJ.5OqGMg887S8JtRlAvToQ5eAJA0uPCExBYahQk.2f5XJqB63FWxmyvOBp8mC8gYWV9oOIdxoTnM8WpTbF.EUxYF7ycnrJBQ0m1qpMJxyINpHVSCbycjAqmLI88TfA2CH4FcXibqDzse3CAgctqcq4t3pYcEzFdkwyoXRLnNoYNQ9DVMLxpDgcfJmvs5gIcQucJrY2fXbwpunDNY.GGCx7W7A1GpXhuDFwdAKl_kZcRYNq7sV88fHfxPu1vJrKx2SuKJR_ZAeecuHfs7q90p0p152mrYe_6wYLCEOgHItdeHi66G2mmFFy3k"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91352a5d2d2ffd24';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=Amman%20stock%20exchange&__cf_chl_rt_tk=khbjKdfK1WD1YsagDgB1TaIE4dczMFhri3jmAfJpFEo-1739788891-1.0.1.1-ecJo2mWFDEOdqntXS4uqR5dFL.YhYF9NbDNY9QrKPi0" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>