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href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tela_asf%C3%A1ltica" title="Tela asfáltica – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tela asfáltica" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%DB%8C%D8%B1%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C" title="قیرگونی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="قیرگونی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impermeabilizzante" title="Impermeabilizzante – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Impermeabilizzante" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="cdx-message cdx-message--block cdx-message--warning"><span class="cdx-message__icon"></span><div class="cdx-message__content">The printable version is no longer supported and may have rendering errors. Please update your browser bookmarks and please use the default browser print function instead.</div></div><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Construction material</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Tar_paper" title="Special:EditPage/Tar paper">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Tar+paper%22">"Tar paper"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Tar+paper%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Tar+paper%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Tar+paper%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Tar+paper%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Tar+paper%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2009</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FEMA_-_44312_-_Tornado_Damage_in_Oklahoma.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/FEMA_-_44312_-_Tornado_Damage_in_Oklahoma.jpg/220px-FEMA_-_44312_-_Tornado_Damage_in_Oklahoma.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/FEMA_-_44312_-_Tornado_Damage_in_Oklahoma.jpg/330px-FEMA_-_44312_-_Tornado_Damage_in_Oklahoma.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/FEMA_-_44312_-_Tornado_Damage_in_Oklahoma.jpg/440px-FEMA_-_44312_-_Tornado_Damage_in_Oklahoma.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3235" data-file-height="2157" /></a><figcaption>Tar paper on a wall exposed by tornado damage in <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a>, used as a moisture-resistant backing for a masonry veneer exterior wall</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Tar paper</b> is a heavy-duty <a href="/wiki/Paper" title="Paper">paper</a> used in <a href="/wiki/Construction" title="Construction">construction</a>. Tar paper is made by impregnating paper with <a href="/wiki/Tar" title="Tar">tar</a>, producing a <a href="/wiki/Waterproof" class="mw-redirect" title="Waterproof">waterproof</a> material useful for <a href="/wiki/Roof" title="Roof">roof</a> construction. Tar paper is similar to <a href="/wiki/Roofing_felt" class="mw-redirect" title="Roofing felt">roofing felt</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> historically a <a href="/wiki/Felt" title="Felt">felt</a>-like fabric made from recycled rags impregnated with melted <a href="/wiki/Bitumen" title="Bitumen">asphalt</a>, and today evolving into a more complex underlayment of synthetic mesh or fiberglass strands waterproofed by synthetically enhanced asphalt. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Roofing_felt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Roofing_felt.jpg/220px-Roofing_felt.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Roofing_felt.jpg/330px-Roofing_felt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Roofing_felt.jpg/440px-Roofing_felt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2241" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>Workers using roofing shovels to remove <a href="/wiki/Asphalt_shingle" title="Asphalt shingle">asphalt shingles</a> from a roof. They are standing atop a layer of what appears to be tar paper, a bitumen or asphalt impregnated waterproofing layer between the shingles and the wood roof sheathing.</figcaption></figure> <p>Tar paper has been in use for centuries. It is defined as a Grade D building paper—a designation derived from a federal specification in the United States.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Sometimes anachronistically referred to as "building paper", tar paper is manufactured from virgin <a href="/wiki/Kraft_paper" title="Kraft paper">kraft paper</a> (as opposed to the fabric-based or synthetic mesh substrates of <a href="/wiki/Roofing_felt" class="mw-redirect" title="Roofing felt">roofing felt</a>) impregnated with asphalt. The result is a lighter-weight but less durable product with similar properties to felt. </p><p>Grade papers are rated in minutes: the amount of time it takes for a moisture-sensitive chemical indicator to change color when a small boat-like sample is floated on water. Common grades include 10-, 20-, 30-, and 60-minute. The higher the rating, the heavier and more moisture-resistant the paper. A typical 20-minute paper will weigh about 3.3 pounds (1.5 kg) per <a href="/wiki/Square_(unit)" title="Square (unit)">square</a>, a 30-minute paper 3.75 pounds (1.70 kg) per square, and a 60-minute paper about 6 pounds (2.7 kg) per square. The smaller volume of material, however, does tend to make these papers less resistant to moisture than heavier felts. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uses">Uses</h2></div> <p>Tar paper is used as a roofing underlayment with <a href="/wiki/Asphalt_shingle" title="Asphalt shingle">asphalt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wood_shingle" title="Wood shingle">wood</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shake_(shingle)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shake (shingle)">shake</a>, and other <a href="/wiki/Roof_shingle" title="Roof shingle">roof shingles</a> as a form of intermediate <a href="/wiki/Bituminous_waterproofing" title="Bituminous waterproofing">bituminous waterproofing</a>. It is sold in rolls of various widths, lengths, and thicknesses – 3-foot-wide (0.91 m) rolls, 50 or 100 feet (15 or 30 m) long and "15 lb" (7 kg) and "30 lb" (14 kg) weights are common in the U.S. – often marked with chalk lines at certain intervals to aid in laying it out straight on roofs with the proper overlap (more overlap for flatter roofs). </p><p>It is typically stapled in place, or held with <a href="/wiki/Roofing_nail" class="mw-redirect" title="Roofing nail">roofing nails</a>, and is sometimes applied in several layers with hot asphalt, cold <a href="/wiki/Bitumen" title="Bitumen">asphalt</a> (adhesive), or non-asphaltic adhesives.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Older construction typically used a lighter-weight tar paper, stapled up with some overlap, as a water- and wind-proofing material on walls, largely displaced in recent decades by breathable plastic <a href="/wiki/Housewrap" title="Housewrap">housewrap</a>, commonly in 8-or-10-foot (2.4 or 3.0 m) widths. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tar_paper_shack.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Tar_paper_shack.jpg/220px-Tar_paper_shack.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Tar_paper_shack.jpg/330px-Tar_paper_shack.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Tar_paper_shack.jpg/440px-Tar_paper_shack.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="748" /></a><figcaption>Tar paper shack in <a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a> in 1939</figcaption></figure> <p>In the 19th and early 20th centuries, <a href="/wiki/Shack" title="Shack">shacks</a> of wooden frames covered with tar paper were a common form of temporary structure or very low-cost permanent housing in the rural United States and Canada,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> particularly in the temperate <a href="/wiki/American_South" class="mw-redirect" title="American South">American South</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://roofkeen.com/what-is-the-difference-between-roofing-felt-and-tar-paper/">"What Is The Difference Between Roofing Felt and Tar Paper?"</a>. <i>roofkeen.com</i>. January 19, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 8,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=roofkeen.com&rft.atitle=What+Is+The+Difference+Between+Roofing+Felt+and+Tar+Paper%3F&rft.date=2022-01-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Froofkeen.com%2Fwhat-is-the-difference-between-roofing-felt-and-tar-paper%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATar+paper" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://statewideroofingspecialist.com/blog/what-is-tpo-roofing/">"Installation methods"</a>. 5 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-07-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Installation+methods&rft.date=2022-07-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstatewideroofingspecialist.com%2Fblog%2Fwhat-is-tpo-roofing%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATar+paper" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/item/2017718447/">"Tar paper shack in Minnesota cut-over area, Beltrami County, Minnesota"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Library+of+Congress&rft.atitle=Tar+paper+shack+in+Minnesota+cut-over+area%2C+Beltrami+County%2C+Minnesota&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Fitem%2F2017718447%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATar+paper" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sdhspress.com/blog/flashback-friday-carrie-ingalls-her-tar-paper-shack">"Flashback Friday: Carrie Ingalls & Her Tar Paper Shack"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Flashback+Friday%3A+Carrie+Ingalls+%26+Her+Tar+Paper+Shack&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sdhspress.com%2Fblog%2Fflashback-friday-carrie-ingalls-her-tar-paper-shack&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATar+paper" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tar_paper&oldid=1229874456">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tar_paper&oldid=1229874456</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Building_materials" title="Category:Building materials">Building materials</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Paper" title="Category:Paper">Paper</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Roofs" title="Category:Roofs">Roofs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Moisture_protection" title="Category:Moisture protection">Moisture protection</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Roofing_materials" title="Category:Roofing materials">Roofing materials</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_July_2009" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from July 2009">Articles needing additional references from July 2009</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_February_2023" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from February 2023">Articles with unsourced statements from February 2023</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 19 June 2024, at 05:11<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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