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class="vector-toc-text">Inizio</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Attività" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Attività"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Attività</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Attività-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Storia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Storia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Storia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Storia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Riconoscimenti_ed_onorificenze" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Riconoscimenti_ed_onorificenze"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Riconoscimenti ed onorificenze</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Riconoscimenti_ed_onorificenze-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Libri_pubblicati" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Libri_pubblicati"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Libri pubblicati</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Libri_pubblicati-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Finanziamenti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Finanziamenti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Finanziamenti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Finanziamenti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voci_correlate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voci_correlate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Voci correlate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voci_correlate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Altri_progetti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Altri_progetti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Altri progetti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Altri_progetti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collegamenti_esterni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Collegamenti esterni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l'indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l'indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Memorial (associazione)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. Disponibile in 49 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-49" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">49 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%84" title="ميموريال - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ميموريال" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB_(%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F)" title="Мемарыял (арганізацыя) - bielorusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Мемарыял (арганізацыя)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB_(%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F)" title="Мэмарыял (арганізацыя) - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Мэмарыял (арганізацыя)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB_(%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Мемориал (организация) - bulgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Мемориал (организация)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memorijal_(dru%C5%A1tvo)" title="Memorijal (društvo) - bosniaco" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Memorijal (društvo)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memorial_(associaci%C3%B3)" title="Memorial (associació) - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Memorial (associació)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memorial" title="Memorial - ceco" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Memorial" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ceco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memorial_(Menschenrechtsorganisation)" title="Memorial (Menschenrechtsorganisation) - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Memorial (Menschenrechtsorganisation)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memorial" title="Memorial - greco" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Memorial" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memorial_(society)" title="Memorial (society) - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Memorial (society)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memorial" title="Memorial - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Memorial" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memorial_(asociaci%C3%B3n)" title="Memorial (asociación) - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Memorial (asociación)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memorial" title="Memorial - estone" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Memorial" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84_(%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%87)" title="مموریال (جامعه) - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مموریال (جامعه)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memorial_(j%C3%A4rjest%C3%B6)" title="Memorial (järjestö) - finlandese" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Memorial (järjestö)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memorial" title="Memorial - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Memorial" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%90%D7%9C" title="ממוריאל - ebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ממוריאל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memorial" title="Memorial - croato" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Memorial" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memorial_T%C3%A1rsas%C3%A1g" title="Memorial Társaság - ungherese" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Memorial Társaság" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungherese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A5%D5%B4%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%AC" title="Մեմորիալ - armeno" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մեմորիալ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memorial_(perhimpunan)" title="Memorial (perhimpunan) - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Memorial (perhimpunan)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memorial" title="Memorial - ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Memorial" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memorial" title="Memorial - islandese" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Memorial" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A1%E3%83%A2%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AB_(%E4%BA%BA%E6%A8%A9%E5%9B%A3%E4%BD%93)" title="メモリアル (人権団体) - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="メモリアル (人権団体)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A9%94%EB%AA%A8%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%8C_(%EB%8B%A8%EC%B2%B4)" title="메모리알 (단체) - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="메모리알 (단체)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memorial" title="Memorial - latino" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Memorial" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memori%C4%81ls_(organiz%C4%81cija)" title="Memoriāls (organizācija) - lettone" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Memoriāls (organizācija)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memorial_(pertubuhan)" title="Memorial (pertubuhan) - malese" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Memorial (pertubuhan)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memorial_(Minschenrechtsorganisatschoon)" title="Memorial (Minschenrechtsorganisatschoon) - basso tedesco" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Memorial (Minschenrechtsorganisatschoon)" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="basso tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memorial_(organisatie)" title="Memorial (organisatie) - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Memorial (organisatie)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memorial" title="Memorial - norvegese bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Memorial" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegese bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memorial" title="Memorial - occitano" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Memorial" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stowarzyszenie_Memoria%C5%82" title="Stowarzyszenie Memoriał - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Stowarzyszenie Memoriał" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memorial" title="Memorial - piemontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Memorial" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memorial_(associa%C3%A7%C3%A3o)" title="Memorial (associação) - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Memorial (associação)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memorial_(societate)" title="Memorial (societate) - rumeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Memorial (societate)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB_(%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Мемориал (организация) - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мемориал (организация)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB_(%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B8)" title="Мемориал (тэриллии) - sacha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Мемориал (тэриллии)" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sacha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memorial_(society)" title="Memorial (society) - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Memorial (society)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memorial_(neziskov%C3%A1_organiz%C3%A1cia)" title="Memorial (nezisková organizácia) - slovacco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Memorial (nezisková organizácia)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memorial_(organizacija)" title="Memorial (organizacija) - sloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Memorial (organizacija)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB_(%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%83%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE)" title="Меморијал (друштво) - serbo" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Меморијал (друштво)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memorial" title="Memorial - svedese" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Memorial" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_(%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D)" title="மெமோரியல் (சமூகம்) - tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மெமோரியல் (சமூகம்)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A5_(%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3)" title="เมมอเรียล (องค์กร) - thailandese" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เมมอเรียล (องค์กร)" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memorial_(kurulu%C5%9F)" title="Memorial (kuruluş) - turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Memorial (kuruluş)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%BB_(%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Меморіал (організація) - ucraino" 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class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspetto</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Da Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="it" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox sinottico" summary="Tabella sinottica che riassume i principali dati del soggetto"><tbody><tr class="sinottico_testata"><th colspan="2" style="background:#87cefa">Memorial</th></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_testo_centrale" colspan="2">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="russo">RU</abbr></span>) Мемориал </td></tr><tr><th>Tipo</th><td><a href="/wiki/Organizzazione_non_a_scopo_di_lucro" title="Organizzazione non a scopo di lucro">Non profit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Organizzazione_non_governativa" title="Organizzazione non governativa">ONG</a> </td></tr><tr><th>Fondazione</th><td>28 gennaio 1989 </td></tr><tr><th>Fondatore</th><td>Esponenti di spicco del dissenso sovietico, tra cui <a href="/wiki/Andrej_Dmitrievi%C4%8D_Sacharov" title="Andrej Dmitrievič Sacharov">Andrej Dmitrievič Sacharov</a> </td></tr><tr><th>Scopo</th><td>Difesa dei diritti umani </td></tr><tr><th>Sede centrale</th><td><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Russia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Russia (bandiera)"><img alt="Russia (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Mosca_(Russia)" title="Mosca (Russia)">Mosca</a> </td></tr><tr><th>Area di azione</th><td>Ex-<a href="/wiki/Repubbliche_dell%27Unione_Sovietica" title="Repubbliche dell'Unione Sovietica">Repubbliche dell'Unione Sovietica</a> </td></tr><tr><th>Presidente</th><td><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Russia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Russia (bandiera)"><img alt="Russia (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sergej_Adamovi%C4%8D_Koval%C3%ABv&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sergej Adamovič Kovalëv (la pagina non esiste)">Sergej Adamovič Kovalëv</a> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="sinottico_piede" style="background:#87cefa"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.memo.ru/">Sito web</a> </td></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_piede2 noprint nomobile metadata" colspan="2"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q851563" class="extiw" title="d:Q851563"><span title="Modifica i dati della voce Memorial (associazione) su Wikidata">Modifica dati su Wikidata</span></a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Template:Organizzazione/man" title="Template:Organizzazione/man"><span title="Manuale del template Organizzazione">Manuale</span></a></td></tr></tbody></table> <table align="right" style="background:transparent; text-align:center; margin:.5em"> <tbody><tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nobel_prize_medal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Premio Nobel"><img alt="Premio Nobel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/100px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/150px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/200px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="150" /></a><figcaption>Premio Nobel</figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr> <td><small><a href="/wiki/Premio_Nobel" title="Premio Nobel">Nobel</a> per la <a href="/wiki/Premio_Nobel_per_la_pace" title="Premio Nobel per la pace">pace</a></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td><small><a href="/wiki/2022" title="2022">2022</a></small> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Memorial</b> (<i>Мемориал</i> in <a href="/wiki/Lingua_russa" title="Lingua russa">russo</a>) è un'<a href="/wiki/Associazione_(diritto)" title="Associazione (diritto)">associazione</a> che ha sede a <a href="/wiki/Mosca_(Russia)" title="Mosca (Russia)">Mosca</a> ed opera nelle ex <a href="/wiki/Repubbliche_dell%27Unione_Sovietica" title="Repubbliche dell'Unione Sovietica">Repubbliche dell'Unione Sovietica</a>. Fondata nel 1989, rappresenta la più importante organizzazione di denuncia dei crimini del <a href="/wiki/Unione_sovietica" class="mw-redirect" title="Unione sovietica">regime sovietico</a>, svolgendo una funzione fondamentale sia sul piano della ricerca storica sia come centro impegnato attivamente nella difesa dei <a href="/wiki/Diritti_umani" title="Diritti umani">diritti umani</a>. </p><p>L'associazione ha una sede anche in <a href="/wiki/Italia" title="Italia">Italia</a>, aperta il 20 aprile 2004.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nel 2021 la Corte Suprema russa ne decreta lo scioglimento dopo che dal 2016 era classificata come "agente straniero".<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nel 2022 Memorial è stata insignita del <a href="/wiki/Premio_Nobel_per_la_pace" title="Premio Nobel per la pace">premio Nobel per la pace</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Attività"><span id="Attivit.C3.A0"></span>Attività</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Memorial_(associazione)&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Attività" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Memorial_(associazione)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Attività"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Secondo lo statuto dell'associazione, Memorial si pone come obiettivi: </p> <ul><li>Promozione dello sviluppo della <a href="/wiki/Societ%C3%A0_civile" title="Società civile">società civile</a>, la coscienza giuridica dei cittadini e uno <a href="/wiki/Stato_di_diritto" title="Stato di diritto">stato di diritto</a> democratico al fine di prevenire un ritorno al <a href="/wiki/Totalitarismo" title="Totalitarismo">totalitarismo</a>;</li> <li>Assistenza nella divulgazione dei valori democratici e nell'affermazione <a href="/wiki/Diritti_umani" title="Diritti umani">dei diritti individuali</a>;</li> <li>Riabilitazione delle vittime delle repressioni politiche e diffusione d'informazioni su tali repressioni.<sup id="cite_ref-aims_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aims-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Memorial ha ottenuto lo status di partecipante al <a href="/wiki/Consiglio_d%27Europa" title="Consiglio d'Europa">Consiglio d'Europa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Transparency_International" title="Transparency International">Transparency International</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> il Centro Sakharov,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a>, Civil Rights Defenders, <a href="/wiki/Front_Line_Defenders" title="Front Line Defenders">Front Line Defenders</a>, <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a>, Centro europeo di difesa dei diritti umani (EHRAC), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Comitato_contro_la_tortura_(Russia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Comitato contro la tortura (Russia) (la pagina non esiste)">Comitato contro la tortura</a>, <a href="/wiki/Federazione_internazionale_dei_diritti_umani" title="Federazione internazionale dei diritti umani">Federazione internazionale dei diritti umani</a> (FIDH), Comitato Helsinki norvegese (NHC), Consiglio del forum della società civile UE-Russia, Centro per l'analisi e la prevenzione dei conflitti (CAPC)<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, <a href="/wiki/Fondazione_Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll" title="Fondazione Heinrich Böll">Fondazione Heinrich Böll</a>, Comitato di assistenza civica<sup id="cite_ref-meduza.io_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-meduza.io-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, Centro El'cin, " OVD-Info ",<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> PEN-Mosca, l'associazione Libertà di parola, il movimento "Voce",<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Free Historical Society",<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> nonché rappresentanti di <a href="/wiki/Unione_europea" title="Unione europea">Unione europea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germania" title="Germania">Germania</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Stati_Uniti_d%27America" title="Stati Uniti d'America">USA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Repubblica_Ceca" title="Repubblica Ceca">Repubblica Ceca</a>, l'ex <a href="/wiki/Presidente_dell%27URSS" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidente dell'URSS">presidente dell'URSS</a> <a href="/wiki/Michail_Gorba%C4%8D%C3%ABv" title="Michail Gorbačëv">Michail Gorbačëv</a> e il caporedattore di <a href="/wiki/Novaja_Gazeta" title="Novaja Gazeta">Novaja Gazeta</a> <a href="/wiki/Dmitrij_Muratov" title="Dmitrij Muratov">Dmitrij Muratov</a><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> e molti altri valutano all'unanimità "Memorial" e "Memorial International" come una delle fondamenta della società civile russa e delle organizzazioni senza scopo di lucro, le cui attività rendono un prezioso contributo alla preservazione della memoria dei crimini del totalitarismo e alla prevenzione della loro perpetuazione.<sup id="cite_ref-meduza.io_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-meduza.io-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Storia">Storia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Memorial_(associazione)&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Storia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Memorial_(associazione)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Storia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140554517">.mw-parser-output .chiarimento{background:#ffeaea;color:#444444}.mw-parser-output .chiarimento-apice{color:#EE0700}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .chiarimento{background:rgba(179,36,36,0.21);color:inherit}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .chiarimento-apice{color:#b32424}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .chiarimento{background:rgba(179,36,36,0.21);color:inherit}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .chiarimento-apice{color:#b32424}}</style><span class="chiarimento" title="Queste informazioni non sono comprovate da fonti attendibili.">La creazione di Memorial fu una risposta alla crescente consapevolezza pubblica degli abusi storici all'interno dell'Unione Sovietica durante gli anni '80, nonché alla preoccupazione per i diritti umani di quegli stessi anni.</span><sup class="noprint chiarimento-apice" title="Queste informazioni non sono comprovate da fonti attendibili.">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Uso_delle_fonti" title="Wikipedia:Uso delle fonti">senza fonte</a></i>]</sup> Ciò avvenne nel contesto della <i><a href="/wiki/Perestrojka" title="Perestrojka">perestrojka</a></i> (ristrutturazione) e della <i><a href="/wiki/Glasnost%27" title="Glasnost'">glasnost'</a></i> (trasparenza), politiche perseguite dal presidente <a href="/wiki/Gorba%C4%8D%C3%ABv" class="mw-redirect" title="Gorbačëv">Gorbačëv</a> (1985-1991) che portarono ad una maggiore apertura del governo verso la società civile. Una precedente dichiarazione degli obiettivi poi perseguiti da Memorial fu fatta dai dissidenti dell'era <a href="/wiki/Bre%C5%BEnev" class="mw-redirect" title="Brežnev">Brežnev</a> (1964-1982) nel febbraio 1974, in seguito all'espulsione dall'URSS dello scrittore dissidente <a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Isaevi%C4%8D_Sol%C5%BEenicyn" title="Aleksandr Isaevič Solženicyn">Aleksandr Solženicyn</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Essi chiesero la pubblicazione in URSS del libro <i><a href="/wiki/Arcipelago_Gulag" title="Arcipelago Gulag">Arcipelago Gulag</a></i> di Solženicyn, l'apertura di tutti gli archivi della polizia segreta relativi al passato e l'insediamento di un tribunale internazionale per giudicare i crimini della polizia segreta sovietica. </p><p>Alcuni di questi obiettivi divennero realizzabili alla fine degli anni 1980, quando diversi attivisti come <a href="/wiki/Lev_Ponomar%C3%ABv" title="Lev Ponomarëv">Lev Ponomarëv</a>, Jurij Samodurov, Vjačeslav Igrunov, Dmitrij Leonov e <a href="/wiki/Arsenij_Borisovi%C4%8D_Roginskij" title="Arsenij Borisovič Roginskij">Arsenij Roginskij</a> proposero di commemorare le vittime dello stalinismo attraverso la creazione di un monumento, un museo, un archivio e una biblioteca. </p><p>Con l'avvento di <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> alla Presidenza della Russia (2000), l'atteggiamento delle autorità verso Memorial si è fatto repressivo ed è stata ostacolata la sua attività.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Il 28 dicembre 2021 la Corte Suprema della Russia ha ordinato a <i>Memorial International</i> di cessare l'attività (per violazione della legge sugli <a href="/w/index.php?title=Agente_straniero&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agente straniero (la pagina non esiste)">agenti stranieri</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, con una decisione di cui la <a href="/wiki/Corte_europea_dei_diritti_dell%27uomo" title="Corte europea dei diritti dell'uomo">Corte europea dei diritti dell'uomo</a> ha chiesto la sospensione in via interinale<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>La vera ragione della chiusura di Memorial è emersa dalle dichiarazioni rese dall’ufficio del procuratore generale di Mosca, secondo cui l’associazione avrebbe «creato una falsa immagine dell’Unione sovietica come Stato terrorista», denigrando «la memoria della seconda guerra mondiale» e «gli organi di potere»<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Jan_Ra%C4%8Dinskij" title="Jan Račinskij">Jan Račinskij</a>, che presiedeva l'organizzazione al momento del riconoscimento del massimo premio Nobel, ha rivelato il 10 dicembre <a href="/wiki/2022" title="2022">2022</a> che le autorità russe lo hanno invitato a non ritirare il premio<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Riconoscimenti_ed_onorificenze">Riconoscimenti ed onorificenze</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Memorial_(associazione)&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Riconoscimenti ed onorificenze" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Memorial_(associazione)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Riconoscimenti ed onorificenze"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="display: flex; gap: 4px; padding: 3px"> <div style="width:60px"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nansen_refugee_award.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nansen Refugee Award (Alto commissariato delle Nazioni Unite per i rifugiati) - nastrino per uniforme ordinaria"><img alt="Nansen Refugee Award (Alto commissariato delle Nazioni Unite per i rifugiati) - nastrino per uniforme ordinaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Nansen_refugee_award.jpg/60px-Nansen_refugee_award.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Nansen_refugee_award.jpg/90px-Nansen_refugee_award.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Nansen_refugee_award.jpg/120px-Nansen_refugee_award.jpg 2x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="125" /></a></span></div> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 4px"> <div><a href="/wiki/Nansen_Refugee_Award" title="Nansen Refugee Award">Nansen Refugee Award (Alto commissariato delle Nazioni Unite per i rifugiati)</a></div> <div>— 2004</div> </div> </div> <ul><li>Il <a href="/wiki/Parlamento_europeo" title="Parlamento europeo">Parlamento europeo</a> ha assegnato il «<a href="/wiki/Premio_Sakharov_per_la_libert%C3%A0_di_pensiero" title="Premio Sakharov per la libertà di pensiero">Premio Sakharov per la libertà di pensiero</a>» 2009 a Ljudmila Alekseeva, <a href="/wiki/Oleg_Orlov_(biologo)" title="Oleg Orlov (biologo)">Oleg Orlov</a> e Sergej Kovalëv in rappresentanza di Memorial.</li></ul> <div style="display: flex; gap: 4px; padding: 3px"> <div style="width:60px"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nobel_prize_medal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Premio Nobel per la pace - nastrino per uniforme ordinaria"><img alt="Premio Nobel per la pace - nastrino per uniforme ordinaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/30px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/45px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/60px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="150" /></a></span></div> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 4px"> <div><a href="/wiki/Premio_Nobel_per_la_pace" title="Premio Nobel per la pace">Premio Nobel per la pace</a></div> <div>— <a href="/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo">Oslo</a>, 8 ottobre 2022<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Libri_pubblicati">Libri pubblicati</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Memorial_(associazione)&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Libri pubblicati" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Memorial_(associazione)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Libri pubblicati"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Proteggi le mie parole</i> (2022), a cura di Sergej Bondarenko e Giulia De Florio.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Finanziamenti">Finanziamenti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Memorial_(associazione)&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Finanziamenti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Memorial_(associazione)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Finanziamenti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Memorial, secondo i suoi dipendenti, non riceve finanziamenti governativi ed esiste grazie a donazioni derivate da sponsorizzazioni, attività editoriali e commerciali, nonché entrate da titoli, ecc. Durante la presidenza di <a href="/wiki/Boris_Nikolaevi%C4%8D_El%27cin" title="Boris Nikolaevič El'cin">Boris El'cin</a>, nel Paese non esistevano meccanismi per sponsorizzare le organizzazioni per i diritti umani. Il primo tra gli sponsor stranieri della società è stata la <a href="/wiki/Open_Society_Foundations" title="Open Society Foundations">George Soros Foundation</a>, seguita dalla Charitable Foundation for Cultural Initiatives (Mikhail Prokhorov Foundation), la Dmitry Zimin's Dynasty Foundation for Non-Profit Programs, l'<a href="/wiki/Agenzia_degli_Stati_Uniti_per_lo_Sviluppo_Internazionale" title="Agenzia degli Stati Uniti per lo Sviluppo Internazionale">Agenzia degli Stati Uniti per lo Sviluppo Internazionale</a> e l'<a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A0_di_Oxford" title="Università di Oxford">Università di Oxford</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-lenta_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lenta-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-tass2_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tass2-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Le fonti di finanziamento erano precedentemente indicate sul sito web dell'organizzazione nella sezione "I nostri partner e donatori":<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Fondo globale per la prevenzione dei conflitti (ambasciata britannica);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commissione_europea" title="Commissione europea">Commissione europea</a>;</li> <li>Centro Europeo per i Diritti Umani;</li> <li>Comitato Helsinki norvegese;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alto_commissariato_delle_Nazioni_Unite_per_i_rifugiati" title="Alto commissariato delle Nazioni Unite per i rifugiati">Alto commissariato delle Nazioni Unite per i rifugiati</a>;</li> <li>Ambasciata di Francia in Russia;</li> <li>Civil Rights Defenders;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a>;</li> <li>Ambasciata della Repubblica di Corea in Russia;</li> <li>Movimento «Dignità Civile» (Движение «Гражданское достоинство»);</li> <li>Istituto per le questioni della società civile (Институт проблем гражданского общества);</li> <li>Front Line Defenders.</li></ul> <p>Nell'ultimo rapporto annuale di "Memorial" per il 2020<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, le seguenti organizzazioni sono menzionate tra partner e donatori: Commissione europea, <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a>, <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a>, Federazione internazionale per i diritti umani, Comitato Helsinki norvegese, Partenariato internazionale per i diritti umani, Oak Foundation, Civil Rights Defenders, UNCHR, nonché ambasciate e consolati di Germania, Gran Bretagna, Francia, Paesi Bassi, Svezia, Norvegia, Corea del sud. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Memorial_(associazione)&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Memorial_(associazione)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Secondo il presidente dell'emanazione italiana (<i>Memorial Italia</i>) dell'associazione non governativa senza fini di lucro <i>Memorial international</i>, essa «ha memoria di 1200 italiani che sono stati vittime nei Gulag sovietici»: <cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.senato.it/Web/18LavoriNewV.nsf/All/314C402AEDEA243CC1258894004804E0?OpenDocument"><span style="font-style:italic;">SENATO DELLA REPUBBLICA, XVIII LEGISLATURA, COMMISSIONE PER LA BIBLIOTECA E L'ARCHIVIO STORICO, 8 FEBBRAIO 2022</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">senato.it</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Anna Smolchenko for AFP, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2021/12/28/memorial-ngo-that-fought-for-victims-of-russian-repression-a75945"><span style="font-style:italic;">Memorial: NGO That Fought for Victims of Russian Repression</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">The Moscow Times</span>, 28 dicembre 2021. <small>URL consultato il 26 agosto 2024</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> Enrico Franceschini, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.repubblica.it/esteri/2022/10/07/news/premio_nobel_per_la_pace-368948107/?ref=RHTP-BH-I368968669-P3-S2-T1"><span style="font-style:italic;">Premio Nobel per la Pace al bielorusso Ales Bialiatski, ai russi di Memorial e agli ucraini del Centro per le libertà civili</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">repubblica.it</span>, 7 ottobre 2022. <small>URL consultato il 7/10/2022</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-aims-4"><a href="#cite_ref-aims_4-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <span style="font-style:italic;">memo.ru</span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.memo.ru/ru-ru/memorial/memorial-international-aims/">https://www.memo.ru/ru-ru/memorial/memorial-international-aims/</a><span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment"> Titolo mancante per url <code>url</code> (<a href="/wiki/Modulo:Citazione/Aiuto#bare_url_missing_title" title="Modulo:Citazione/Aiuto">aiuto</a>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140912182559/http://ngo-coe.org/WebForms/NgoDetails.aspx?ID=423"><span style="font-style:italic;">MEMORIAL — International Historical and Educational Human Rights and Charity Society</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">ngo-coe.org</span>, 20140912182559. <small>URL consultato il 29 dicembre 2021</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http://ngo-coe.org/WebForms/NgoDetails.aspx?ID=423">url originale</abbr> il 12 settembre 2014)</small>.</cite> // Base de données ONG</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <span style="font-style:italic;">transparency.org.ru</span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://transparency.org.ru/projects/novosti/transperensi-vystupaet-protiv-likvidatsii-memoriala.html">https://transparency.org.ru/projects/novosti/transperensi-vystupaet-protiv-likvidatsii-memoriala.html</a><span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment"> Titolo mancante per url <code>url</code> (<a href="/wiki/Modulo:Citazione/Aiuto#bare_url_missing_title" title="Modulo:Citazione/Aiuto">aiuto</a>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <span style="font-style:italic;">sakharov-center.ru</span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sakharov-center.ru/article/zayavlenie-o-memoriale">https://www.sakharov-center.ru/article/zayavlenie-o-memoriale</a><span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment"> Titolo mancante per url <code>url</code> (<a href="/wiki/Modulo:Citazione/Aiuto#bare_url_missing_title" title="Modulo:Citazione/Aiuto">aiuto</a>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <span style="font-style:italic;">hrw.org</span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/ru/news/2021/11/12/380393">https://www.hrw.org/ru/news/2021/11/12/380393</a><span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment"> Titolo mancante per url <code>url</code> (<a href="/wiki/Modulo:Citazione/Aiuto#bare_url_missing_title" title="Modulo:Citazione/Aiuto">aiuto</a>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-meduza.io-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-meduza.io_9-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-meduza.io_9-1">b</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <span style="font-style:italic;">meduza.io</span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meduza.io/feature/2021/11/16/vlast-unichtozhaet-nashu-pamyat">https://meduza.io/feature/2021/11/16/vlast-unichtozhaet-nashu-pamyat</a><span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment"> Titolo mancante per url <code>url</code> (<a href="/wiki/Modulo:Citazione/Aiuto#bare_url_missing_title" title="Modulo:Citazione/Aiuto">aiuto</a>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <span style="font-style:italic;">ovdinfo.org</span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ovdinfo.org/articles/2021/11/12/zayavlenie-ovd-info-likvidaciya-memoriala">https://ovdinfo.org/articles/2021/11/12/zayavlenie-ovd-info-likvidaciya-memoriala</a><span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment"> Titolo mancante per url <code>url</code> (<a href="/wiki/Modulo:Citazione/Aiuto#bare_url_missing_title" title="Modulo:Citazione/Aiuto">aiuto</a>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <span style="font-style:italic;">golosinfo.org</span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.golosinfo.org/articles/145650">https://www.golosinfo.org/articles/145650</a><span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment"> Titolo mancante per url <code>url</code> (<a href="/wiki/Modulo:Citazione/Aiuto#bare_url_missing_title" title="Modulo:Citazione/Aiuto">aiuto</a>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211201112604/https://volistob.ru/statements/zayavlenie-volnogo-istoricheskogo-obshchestva-v-podderzhku-mezhdunarodnogo-istoriko"><span style="font-style:italic;">Copia archiviata</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">volistob.ru</span>. <small>URL consultato il 29 dicembre 2021</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="https://volistob.ru/statements/zayavlenie-volnogo-istoricheskogo-obshchestva-v-podderzhku-mezhdunarodnogo-istoriko">url originale</abbr> il 1º dicembre 2021)</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <span style="font-style:italic;">p.dw.com</span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://p.dw.com/p/42vtm">https://p.dw.com/p/42vtm</a><span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment"> Titolo mancante per url <code>url</code> (<a href="/wiki/Modulo:Citazione/Aiuto#bare_url_missing_title" title="Modulo:Citazione/Aiuto">aiuto</a>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <span style="font-style:italic;">meduza.io</span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meduza.io/news/2021/11/18/nobelevskie-laureaty-mihail-gorbachev-i-dmitriy-muratov-prizvali-genprokuraturu-otozvat-isk-k-memorialu">https://meduza.io/news/2021/11/18/nobelevskie-laureaty-mihail-gorbachev-i-dmitriy-muratov-prizvali-genprokuraturu-otozvat-isk-k-memorialu</a><span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment"> Titolo mancante per url <code>url</code> (<a href="/wiki/Modulo:Citazione/Aiuto#bare_url_missing_title" title="Modulo:Citazione/Aiuto">aiuto</a>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <span style="font-style:italic;">p.dw.com</span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://p.dw.com/p/43LM2">https://p.dw.com/p/43LM2</a><span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment"> Titolo mancante per url <code>url</code> (<a href="/wiki/Modulo:Citazione/Aiuto#bare_url_missing_title" title="Modulo:Citazione/Aiuto">aiuto</a>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chronicle-of-current-events.com/2013/09/27/32-1-the-deportation-of-solzhenitsyn/">"The deportation of Solzhenitsyn", A Chronicle of Current Events (32.1, item 12), 17 July 1974</a>, <i>chronicle-of-current-events.com</i>, accessed 28 December 2021</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Zoja Svetova, <span style="font-style:italic;">Gli innocenti saranno colpevoli. Appunti di un idealista. La giustizia ingiusta nella Russia di Putin</span>, a cura di Vittoria Massimiani, traduzione di Vittoria Massimiani, Roma, Castelvecchi, 2019.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Ivan Nechepurenko, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/12/28/world/europe/russia-memorial-human-rights.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Russian Court Orders Prominent Human Rights Group to Shut</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">The New York Times</span>, 28 dicembre 2021. <small>URL consultato il 28 dicembre 2021</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2021/12/28/europe/memorial-international-russia-intl/index.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Russian court shuts down human rights group Memorial International</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">CNN</span>. <small>URL consultato il 28 dicembre 2021</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ansa.it/sito/notizie/mondo/europa/2021/12/29/cedu-chiede-alla-russia-di-sospendere-la-chiusura-di-memorial_3d59b0aa-f99d-4d21-89f9-f382e86cef78.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Cedu chiede alla Russia di sospendere la chiusura di Memorial</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">ansa.it</span>, ANSA, Bruxelles, 29 dicembre 2021.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.agenzianova.com/a/61cad789668e62.08006586/3732929/2021-12-28/russia-ong-memorial-accusata-di-creare-immagine-ingannevole-dell-urss-come-stato-terrorista"><span style="font-style:italic;">Russia: Ong Memorial accusata di creare immagine ingannevole dell'Urss come "Stato terrorista"</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">agenzianova.com</span>. <small>URL consultato l'8 novembre 2022</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> Charlie Haynes e Lucy Pawle, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-63929130"><span style="font-style:italic;">Nobel Peace Prize: Russian laureate 'told to turn down award'<span></span></span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">bbc.com</span>, BBC news, 10 dicembre 2022.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/2022/memorial/facts/"><span style="font-style:italic;">The Nobel Prize</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">nobelprize.org</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.repubblica.it/esteri/2022/10/07/news/premio_nobel_per_la_pace-368948107/?ref=RHUO"><span style="font-style:italic;">Premio Nobel per la pace al bielorusso Ales Bialiatski, ai russi di Memorial e agli ucraini del Centro per le libertà civili</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">repubblica.it</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.corriere.it/esteri/22_ottobre_07/nobel-pace-2022-6c8111d8-460c-11ed-a046-56d63cd263b3.shtml"><span style="font-style:italic;">Il Nobel per la pace 2022 a Ales Bialiatski, all’Ong russa Memorial e a quella ucraina Center for Civil Liberties</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">corriere.it</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lenta-26"><a href="#cite_ref-lenta_26-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <span style="font-style:italic;">lenta.ru</span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lenta.ru/articles/2013/03/27/memory/">https://lenta.ru/articles/2013/03/27/memory/</a><span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment"> Titolo mancante per url <code>url</code> (<a href="/wiki/Modulo:Citazione/Aiuto#bare_url_missing_title" title="Modulo:Citazione/Aiuto">aiuto</a>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tass2-27"><a href="#cite_ref-tass2_27-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <span style="font-style:italic;">tass.ru</span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tass.ru/info/1728109">https://tass.ru/info/1728109</a><span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment"> Titolo mancante per url <code>url</code> (<a href="/wiki/Modulo:Citazione/Aiuto#bare_url_missing_title" title="Modulo:Citazione/Aiuto">aiuto</a>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160126165916/http://memohrc.org/specials/nashi-partnery-i-donory"><span style="font-style:italic;">Наши партнёры и доноры</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">memohrc.org</span>. <small>URL consultato il 29 dicembre 2021</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http://memohrc.org/specials/nashi-partnery-i-donory">url originale</abbr> il 26 gennaio 2016)</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://report.memohrc.org/"><span style="font-style:italic;">Годовой отчет за 2020 год</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">report.memohrc.org</span>.</cite></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voci_correlate">Voci correlate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Memorial_(associazione)&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifica la sezione Voci correlate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Memorial_(associazione)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Voci correlate"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gulag" title="Gulag">Gulag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lidija_Muhtarovna_Jusupova" title="Lidija Muhtarovna Jusupova">Lidija Muhtarovna Jusupova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultimo_indirizzo_conosciuto" title="Ultimo indirizzo conosciuto">Ultimo indirizzo conosciuto</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Memorial_(associazione)&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Memorial_(associazione)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Altri progetti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="interProject" class="toccolours" style="display: none; clear: both; margin-top: 2em"><p id="sisterProjects" style="background-color: #efefef; color: black; font-weight: bold; margin: 0"><span>Altri progetti</span></p><ul title="Collegamenti verso gli altri progetti Wikimedia"> <li class="" title=""><a href="https://it.wikiquote.org/wiki/Memorial_(associazione)" class="extiw" title="q:Memorial (associazione)">Wikiquote</a></li> <li class="" title=""><span class="plainlinks" title="commons:Category:Memorial (society)"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Memorial_(society)?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://it.wikiquote.org/wiki/" title="Collabora a Wikiquote"><img alt="Collabora a Wikiquote" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/18px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/27px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/36px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span> <a href="https://it.wikiquote.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="q:">Wikiquote</a> contiene citazioni di o su <b><a href="https://it.wikiquote.org/wiki/Memorial_(associazione)" class="extiw" title="q:Memorial (associazione)">Memorial</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it" title="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/27px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/36px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> contiene immagini o altri file su <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Memorial_(society)?uselang=it">Memorial</a></span></b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Memorial_(associazione)&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Memorial_(associazione)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="russo">RU</abbr>, <abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.memo.ru/"><span style="font-style:italic;">Sito ufficiale</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">memo.ru</span>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q851563#P856" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCwvzcVL_5TPVwDKnKppGHVg"><span style="font-style:italic;">ПЦ Мемориал</span></a> (canale), su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a></span>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q851563#P2397" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFnobelprize.org" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/laureate/1019"><span style="font-style:italic;">Memorial</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">nobelprize.org</span>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q851563#P8024" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.memorialitalia.it/"><span style="font-style:italic;">Sito di Memorial Italia</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">memorialitalia.it</span>.</cite></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r141815314">.mw-parser-output .navbox{border:1px solid #aaa;clear:both;margin:auto;padding:2px;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox th{padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output 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screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:var(--background-color-interactive)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox th{color:var(--color-base)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle)!important}}</style><table class="navbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed noprint metadata" id="navbox-Premio_Nobel_per_la_pace"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2"><div class="navbox_navbar"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000000); white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Template:Premio_Nobel_per_la_pace" title="Template:Premio Nobel per la pace"><span title="Vai alla pagina del template">V</span></a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Discussioni_template:Premio_Nobel_per_la_pace&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discussioni template:Premio Nobel per la pace (la pagina non esiste)"><span title="Discuti del template">D</span></a> · <a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Premio_Nobel_per_la_pace&action=edit"><span title="Modifica il template. Usa l'anteprima prima di salvare">M</span></a></div></div><span class="navbox_title"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nobel_prize_medal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/20px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/30px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/40px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Vincitori_del_premio_Nobel_per_la_pace" title="Vincitori del premio Nobel per la pace">Vincitori del premio Nobel per la pace</a></span></th></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">1901 - 1925</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Dunant" title="Henry Dunant">Henry Dunant</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Passy" title="Frédéric Passy">Frédéric Passy</a> (1901)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/%C3%89lie_Ducommun" title="Élie Ducommun">Élie Ducommun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Albert_Gobat" title="Charles Albert Gobat">Charles Albert Gobat</a> (1902)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/William_Randal_Cremer" title="William Randal Cremer">William Randal Cremer</a> (1903)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Istituto_di_diritto_internazionale" title="Istituto di diritto internazionale">Istituto di diritto internazionale</a> (1904)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Bertha_von_Suttner" title="Bertha von Suttner">Bertha von Suttner</a> (1905)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a> (1906)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ernesto_Teodoro_Moneta" title="Ernesto Teodoro Moneta">Ernesto Teodoro Moneta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louis_Renault_(giurista)" title="Louis Renault (giurista)">Louis Renault</a> (1907)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Klas_Pontus_Arnoldson" title="Klas Pontus Arnoldson">Klas Pontus Arnoldson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fredrik_Bajer" title="Fredrik Bajer">Fredrik Bajer</a> (1908)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Paul-Henri-Benjamin_d%27Estournelles_de_Constant" title="Paul-Henri-Benjamin d'Estournelles de Constant">Paul-Henri-Benjamin d'Estournelles de Constant</a>, <a href="/wiki/Auguste_Beernaert" title="Auguste Beernaert">Auguste Beernaert</a> (1909)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Bureau_international_permanent_de_la_paix" title="Bureau international permanent de la paix">Bureau international permanent de la paix</a> (1910)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Tobias_Michael_Carel_Asser" title="Tobias Michael Carel Asser">Tobias Michael Carel Asser</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hermann_Fried" title="Alfred Hermann Fried">Alfred Hermann Fried</a> (1911)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Elihu_Root" title="Elihu Root">Elihu Root </a> (1912)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Henri_La_Fontaine" title="Henri La Fontaine">Henri La Fontaine</a> (1913)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Comitato_internazionale_della_Croce_Rossa" title="Comitato internazionale della Croce Rossa">Comitato internazionale della Croce Rossa</a> (1917)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Woodrow_Wilson" title="Thomas Woodrow Wilson">Thomas Woodrow Wilson</a> (1919)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Bourgeois" title="Léon Bourgeois">Léon Bourgeois</a> (1920)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Hjalmar_Branting" title="Hjalmar Branting">Hjalmar Branting</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christian_Lous_Lange" title="Christian Lous Lange">Christian Lous Lange</a> (1921)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Fridtjof_Nansen" title="Fridtjof Nansen">Fridtjof Nansen</a> (1922)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Austen_Chamberlain" title="Austen Chamberlain">Austen Chamberlain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Dawes" title="Charles Dawes">Charles Dawes</a> (1925)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">1926 - 1950</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even"><a href="/wiki/Aristide_Briand" title="Aristide Briand">Aristide Briand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Stresemann" title="Gustav Stresemann">Gustav Stresemann</a> (1926)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Buisson" title="Ferdinand Buisson">Ferdinand Buisson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Quidde" title="Ludwig Quidde">Ludwig Quidde</a> (1927)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Frank_Kellogg" title="Frank Kellogg">Frank Kellogg</a> (1929)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Nathan_S%C3%B6derblom" title="Nathan Söderblom">Nathan Söderblom</a> (1930)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Jane_Addams" title="Jane Addams">Jane Addams</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Murray_Butler" title="Nicholas Murray Butler">Nicholas Murray Butler</a> (1931)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Norman_Angell" title="Norman Angell">Norman Angell</a> (1933)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Henderson" title="Arthur Henderson">Arthur Henderson</a> (1934)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Carl_von_Ossietzky" title="Carl von Ossietzky">Carl von Ossietzky</a> (1935)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Saavedra_Lamas" title="Carlos Saavedra Lamas">Carlos Saavedra Lamas</a> (1936)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Cecil,_I_visconte_Cecil_di_Chelwood" title="Robert Cecil, I visconte Cecil di Chelwood">Robert Cecil</a> (1937)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ufficio_internazionale_Nansen_per_i_rifugiati" title="Ufficio internazionale Nansen per i rifugiati">Ufficio internazionale Nansen per i rifugiati</a> (1938)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Comitato_internazionale_della_Croce_Rossa" title="Comitato internazionale della Croce Rossa">Comitato internazionale della Croce Rossa</a> (1944)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Cordell_Hull" title="Cordell Hull">Cordell Hull</a> (1945)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Emily_Greene_Balch" title="Emily Greene Balch">Emily Greene Balch</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Mott" title="John Mott">John Mott</a> (1946)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Quaker_Peace_and_Social_Witness" title="Quaker Peace and Social Witness">Friends Service Council</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_Friends_Service_Committee" title="American Friends Service Committee">American Friends Service Committee</a> (1947)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/John_Boyd_Orr" title="John Boyd Orr">John Boyd Orr</a> (1949)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Bunche" title="Ralph Bunche">Ralph Bunche</a> (1950)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">1951 - 1975</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Jouhaux" title="Léon Jouhaux">Léon Jouhaux</a> (1951)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Albert_Schweitzer" title="Albert Schweitzer">Albert Schweitzer</a> (1952)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/George_Marshall" title="George Marshall">George Marshall</a> (1953)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Alto_commissariato_delle_Nazioni_Unite_per_i_rifugiati" title="Alto commissariato delle Nazioni Unite per i rifugiati">Alto commissariato delle Nazioni Unite per i rifugiati</a> (1954)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Lester_Pearson" title="Lester Pearson">Lester Pearson</a> (1957)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Dominique_Pire" title="Dominique Pire">Georges Pire</a> (1958)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Philip_Noel-Baker" title="Philip Noel-Baker">Philip Noel-Baker</a> (1959)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Albert_John_Luthuli" title="Albert John Luthuli">Albert John Luthuli</a> (1960)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Dag_Hammarskj%C3%B6ld" title="Dag Hammarskjöld">Dag Hammarskjöld</a> (1961)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Linus_Pauling" title="Linus Pauling">Linus Pauling</a> (1962)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Comitato_internazionale_della_Croce_Rossa" title="Comitato internazionale della Croce Rossa">Comitato internazionale della Croce Rossa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Federazione_internazionale_delle_societ%C3%A0_di_Croce_Rossa_e_Mezzaluna_Rossa" title="Federazione internazionale delle società di Croce Rossa e Mezzaluna Rossa">Lega delle società della Croce Rossa</a> (1963)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King" title="Martin Luther King">Martin Luther King</a> (1964)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/UNICEF" title="UNICEF">UNICEF</a> (1965)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Cassin" title="René Cassin">René Cassin</a> (1968)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Organizzazione_internazionale_del_lavoro" title="Organizzazione internazionale del lavoro">Organizzazione internazionale del lavoro</a> (1969)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Norman_Borlaug" title="Norman Borlaug">Norman Borlaug</a> (1970)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt">Willy Brandt</a> (1971)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Henry_Kissinger" title="Henry Kissinger">Henry Kissinger</a>, <a href="/wiki/L%C3%AA_%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c_Th%E1%BB%8D" title="Lê Đức Thọ">Lê Đức Thọ</a> (premio rifiutato) (1973)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_MacBride" title="Seán MacBride">Seán MacBride</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eisaku_Sat%C5%8D" title="Eisaku Satō">Eisaku Satō</a> (1974)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Andrej_Dmitrievi%C4%8D_Sacharov" title="Andrej Dmitrievič Sacharov">Andrej Dmitrievič Sacharov</a> (1975)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">1976 - 2000</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even"><a href="/wiki/Betty_Williams" title="Betty Williams">Betty Williams</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mairead_Corrigan" title="Mairead Corrigan">Mairead Corrigan</a> (1976)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a> (1977)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Anwar_al-Sadat" title="Anwar al-Sadat">Anwar al-Sadat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Menachem_Begin" title="Menachem Begin">Menachem Begin</a> (1978)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Madre_Teresa_di_Calcutta" title="Madre Teresa di Calcutta">Madre Teresa di Calcutta</a> (1979)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Adolfo_P%C3%A9rez_Esquivel" title="Adolfo Pérez Esquivel">Adolfo Pérez Esquivel</a> (1980)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Alto_commissariato_delle_Nazioni_Unite_per_i_rifugiati" title="Alto commissariato delle Nazioni Unite per i rifugiati">Alto commissariato delle Nazioni Unite per i rifugiati</a> (1981)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Alva_Myrdal" title="Alva Myrdal">Alva Myrdal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_Garc%C3%ADa_Robles" title="Alfonso García Robles">Alfonso García Robles</a> (1982)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Lech_Wa%C5%82%C4%99sa" title="Lech Wałęsa">Lech Wałęsa</a> (1983)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Desmond_Tutu" title="Desmond Tutu">Desmond Tutu</a> (1984)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/International_Physicians_for_the_Prevention_of_Nuclear_War" title="International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War">International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War</a> (1985)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Elie_Wiesel" title="Elie Wiesel">Elie Wiesel</a> (1986)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/%C3%93scar_Arias_S%C3%A1nchez" title="Óscar Arias Sánchez">Óscar Arias Sánchez</a> (1987)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Peacekeeping" title="Peacekeeping">Forze di peacekeeping delle Nazioni Unite</a> (1988)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Tenzin_Gyatso" title="Tenzin Gyatso">Tenzin Gyatso</a> (1989)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Michail_Gorba%C4%8D%C3%ABv" title="Michail Gorbačëv">Michail Gorbačëv</a> (1990)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Aung_San_Suu_Kyi" title="Aung San Suu Kyi">Aung San Suu Kyi</a> (1991)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Rigoberta_Mench%C3%BA" title="Rigoberta Menchú">Rigoberta Menchú</a> (1992)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Nelson Mandela</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frederik_de_Klerk" title="Frederik de Klerk">Frederik Willem de Klerk</a> (1993)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat">Yasser Arafat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shimon_Peres" title="Shimon Peres">Shimon Peres</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Rabin" title="Yitzhak Rabin">Yitzhak Rabin</a> (1994)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Rotblat" title="Józef Rotblat">Józef Rotblat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pugwash_Conferences_on_Science_and_World_Affairs" title="Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs">Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs</a> (1995)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Filipe_Ximenes_Belo" title="Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo">Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ramos-Horta" title="José Ramos-Horta">José Ramos-Horta</a> (1996)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Campagna_internazionale_per_il_bando_delle_mine_antiuomo" title="Campagna internazionale per il bando delle mine antiuomo">Campagna internazionale per il bando delle mine antiuomo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jody_Williams" title="Jody Williams">Jody Williams</a> (1997)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/John_Hume" title="John Hume">John Hume</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Trimble" title="David Trimble">David Trimble</a> (1998)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Medici_senza_frontiere" title="Medici senza frontiere">Medici senza frontiere</a> (1999)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Kim_Dae-jung" title="Kim Dae-jung">Kim Dae-jung</a> (2000)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">2001 - oggi</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><a href="/wiki/Organizzazione_delle_Nazioni_Unite" title="Organizzazione delle Nazioni Unite">Organizzazione delle Nazioni Unite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kofi_Annan" title="Kofi Annan">Kofi Annan</a> (2001)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a> (2002)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Shirin_Ebadi" title="Shirin Ebadi">Shirin Ebadi</a> (2003)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Wangari_Maathai" title="Wangari Maathai">Wangari Maathai</a> (2004)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Agenzia_internazionale_per_l%27energia_atomica" title="Agenzia internazionale per l'energia atomica">Agenzia internazionale per l'energia atomica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_al-Bar%C4%81de%CA%BF%C4%AB" title="Muhammad al-Barādeʿī">Muhammad al-Barādeʿī</a> (2005)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Yunus" title="Muhammad Yunus">Muhammad Yunus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grameen_Bank" title="Grameen Bank">Grameen Bank</a> (2006)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Gruppo_intergovernativo_sul_cambiamento_climatico" title="Gruppo intergovernativo sul cambiamento climatico">Gruppo intergovernativo sul cambiamento climatico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a> (2007)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Martti_Ahtisaari" title="Martti Ahtisaari">Martti Ahtisaari</a> (2008)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> (2009)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Liu_Xiaobo" title="Liu Xiaobo">Liu Xiaobo</a> (2010)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ellen_Johnson_Sirleaf" title="Ellen Johnson Sirleaf">Ellen Johnson Sirleaf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leymah_Gbowee" title="Leymah Gbowee">Leymah Gbowee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tawakkul_Karman" title="Tawakkul Karman">Tawakkul Karman</a> (2011)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Unione_europea" title="Unione europea">Unione europea</a> (2012)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Organizzazione_per_la_proibizione_delle_armi_chimiche" title="Organizzazione per la proibizione delle armi chimiche">Organizzazione per la proibizione delle armi chimiche</a> (2013)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Kailash_Satyarthi" title="Kailash Satyarthi">Kailash Satyarthi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malala_Yousafzai" title="Malala Yousafzai">Malala Yousafzai</a> (2014)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Quartetto_per_il_dialogo_nazionale_tunisino" title="Quartetto per il dialogo nazionale tunisino">Quartetto per il dialogo nazionale tunisino</a> (2015)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Juan_Manuel_Santos" title="Juan Manuel Santos">Juan Manuel Santos</a> (2016)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Campagna_Internazionale_per_l%E2%80%99Abolizione_delle_Armi_Nucleari" class="mw-redirect" title="Campagna Internazionale per l’Abolizione delle Armi Nucleari">Campagna Internazionale per l’Abolizione delle Armi Nucleari</a> (2017)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Denis_Mukwege" title="Denis Mukwege">Denis Mukwege</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nadia_Murad" title="Nadia Murad">Nadia Murad</a> (2018)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Abiy_Ahmed_Ali" title="Abiy Ahmed Ali">Abiy Ahmed Ali</a> (2019)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Programma_alimentare_mondiale" title="Programma alimentare mondiale">Programma alimentare mondiale</a> (2020)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Maria_Ressa" title="Maria Ressa">Maria Ressa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dmitrij_Muratov" title="Dmitrij Muratov">Dmitrij Muratov</a> (2021)<b> ·</b> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Memorial</a>, <a href="/wiki/Centro_per_le_libert%C3%A0_civili" title="Centro per le libertà civili">Centro per le libertà civili</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ales%27_Bjaljacki" title="Ales' Bjaljacki">Ales' Bjaljacki</a> (2022), <a href="/wiki/Narges_Mohammadi" title="Narges Mohammadi">Narges Mohammadi</a> (2023), <a href="/wiki/Nihon_Hidanky%C5%8D" title="Nihon Hidankyō">Nihon Hidankyō</a> (2024)</td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r141815314"><table class="navbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed noprint metadata" id="navbox-Premio_Sakharov"><tbody><tr><th colspan="3" style="yellowground:#c0d4it;"><div class="navbox_navbar"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000000); white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Template:Premio_Sakharov" title="Template:Premio Sakharov"><span title="Vai alla pagina del template">V</span></a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Discussioni_template:Premio_Sakharov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discussioni template:Premio Sakharov (la pagina non esiste)"><span title="Discuti del template">D</span></a> · <a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Premio_Sakharov&action=edit"><span title="Modifica il template. Usa l'anteprima prima di salvare">M</span></a></div></div><span class="navbox_title">Vincitori del <a href="/wiki/Premio_Sakharov_per_la_libert%C3%A0_di_pensiero" title="Premio Sakharov per la libertà di pensiero">Premio Sakharov per la libertà di pensiero</a></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox_list navbox_center navbox_odd"><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Nelson Mandela</a> / <a href="/wiki/Anatolij_Mar%C4%8Denko" title="Anatolij Marčenko">Anatolij Marčenko</a> (1988)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Dub%C4%8Dek" title="Alexander Dubček">Alexander Dubček</a> (1989)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Aung_San_Suu_Kyi" title="Aung San Suu Kyi">Aung San Suu Kyi</a> (1990)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Adem_Dema%C3%A7i" title="Adem Demaçi">Adem Demaçi</a> (1991)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Madri_di_Plaza_de_Mayo" title="Madri di Plaza de Mayo">Madri di Plaza de Mayo</a> (1992)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Oslobo%C4%91enje" title="Oslobođenje">Oslobođenje</a> (1993)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Taslima_Nasreen" title="Taslima Nasreen">Taslima Nasreen</a> (1994)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Leyla_Zana" title="Leyla Zana">Leyla Zana</a> (1995)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Wei_Jingsheng" title="Wei Jingsheng">Wei Jingsheng</a> (1996)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Salima_Ghezali" title="Salima Ghezali">Salima Ghezali</a> (1997)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Rugova" title="Ibrahim Rugova">Ibrahim Rugova</a> (1998)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Xanana_Gusm%C3%A3o" title="Xanana Gusmão">Xanana Gusmão</a> (1999)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/%C2%A1Basta_Ya!" title="¡Basta Ya!">¡Basta Ya!</a> (2000)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Nurit_Peled-Elhanan" title="Nurit Peled-Elhanan">Nurit Peled-Elhanan</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Izzat_Ghazzawi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Izzat Ghazzawi (la pagina non esiste)">Izzat Ghazzawi</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zacarias_Kamwenho&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zacarias Kamwenho (la pagina non esiste)">Zacarias Kamwenho</a> (2001)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Oswaldo_Pay%C3%A1" title="Oswaldo Payá">Oswaldo Payá</a> (2002)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Kofi_Annan" title="Kofi Annan">Kofi Annan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Organizzazione_delle_Nazioni_Unite" title="Organizzazione delle Nazioni Unite">ONU</a> (2003)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Associazione_dei_giornalisti_bielorussi" title="Associazione dei giornalisti bielorussi">Associazione dei giornalisti bielorussi</a> (2004)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Damas_de_Blanco" title="Damas de Blanco">Damas de Blanco</a> / <a href="/wiki/Reporter_senza_frontiere" title="Reporter senza frontiere">Reporter senza frontiere</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hauwa_Ibrahim" title="Hauwa Ibrahim">Hauwa Ibrahim</a> (2005)<b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alaksandar_Milinkievi%C4%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alaksandar Milinkievič (la pagina non esiste)">Alaksandar Milinkievič</a> (2006)<b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Salih_Mahmoud_Osman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Salih Mahmoud Osman (la pagina non esiste)">Salih Mahmoud Osman</a> (2007)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Hu_Jia" title="Hu Jia">Hu Jia</a> (2008)<b> ·</b> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Memorial</a> (2009)<b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Guillermo_Fari%C3%B1as&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guillermo Fariñas (la pagina non esiste)">Guillermo Fariñas</a> (2010)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Asmaa_Mahfouz" title="Asmaa Mahfouz">Asmaa Mahfouz</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmed_al-Senussi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmed al-Senussi (la pagina non esiste)">Ahmed al-Senussi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Razan_Zaitouneh" title="Razan Zaitouneh">Razan Zaitouneh</a> / <a href="/wiki/Al%C3%AC_Farzat" title="Alì Farzat">Alì Farzat</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Bouazizi" title="Mohamed Bouazizi">Mohamed Bouazizi</a> (2011)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Nasrin_Sotoudeh" title="Nasrin Sotoudeh">Nasrin Sotoudeh</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jafar_Panahi" title="Jafar Panahi">Jafar Panahi</a> (2012)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Malala_Yousafzai" title="Malala Yousafzai">Malala Yousafzai</a> (2013)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Denis_Mukwege" title="Denis Mukwege">Denis Mukwege</a> (2014)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Raif_Badawi" title="Raif Badawi">Raif Badawi</a> (2015)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Nadia_Murad" title="Nadia Murad">Nadia Murad</a> / <a href="/wiki/Lamiya_Aji_Bashar" title="Lamiya Aji Bashar">Lamiya Aji Bashar</a> (2016)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Proteste_in_Venezuela_(2014-in_corso)" title="Proteste in Venezuela (2014-in corso)">Opposizione democratica del Venezuela</a> (2017)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Oleh_Sencov" title="Oleh Sencov">Oleh Sencov</a> (2018)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ilham_Tohti" title="Ilham Tohti">Ilham Tohti</a> (2019)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Proteste_in_Bielorussia_del_2020-2021" title="Proteste in Bielorussia del 2020-2021">Opposizione democratica della Bielorussia</a> (2020)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Aleksej_Naval%27nyj" title="Aleksej Naval'nyj">Aleksej Naval'nyj</a> (2021)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ucraina" title="Ucraina">Popolo ucraino</a> (2022)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mahsa_Amini" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahsa Amini">Mahsa Amini</a> e <a href="/wiki/Proteste_per_la_morte_di_Mahsa_Amini" title="Proteste per la morte di Mahsa Amini">movimento di protesta "Donna, vita e libertà"</a> (2023)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_Corina_Machado" title="María Corina Machado">María Corina Machado</a> / <a href="/wiki/Edmundo_Gonz%C3%A1lez_Urrutia" title="Edmundo González Urrutia">Edmundo González Urrutia</a> (2024)</td><td rowspan="1" class="navbox_image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:EP_logo_CMYK_IT.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/EP_logo_CMYK_IT.svg/150px-EP_logo_CMYK_IT.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/EP_logo_CMYK_IT.svg/225px-EP_logo_CMYK_IT.svg.png 1.5x, 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