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aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1800s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1800s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>1800s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1800s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-India_Council_Bill" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#India_Council_Bill"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>India Council Bill</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-India_Council_Bill-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fowler_Committee_(1898)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fowler_Committee_(1898)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Fowler Committee (1898)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fowler_Committee_(1898)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1900s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1900s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>1900s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1900s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Problems_caused_by_the_gold_standard" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Problems_caused_by_the_gold_standard"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Problems caused by the gold standard</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Problems_caused_by_the_gold_standard-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_currency_sign_for_the_Indian_rupee" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_currency_sign_for_the_Indian_rupee"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>New currency sign for the Indian rupee</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_currency_sign_for_the_Indian_rupee-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Digitization_of_Indian_rupee" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Digitization_of_Indian_rupee"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Digitization of Indian rupee</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Digitization_of_Indian_rupee-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legal_framework" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legal_framework"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Legal framework</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legal_framework-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Coins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Coins</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Coins-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Coins subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Coins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Post-independence_issues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-independence_issues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Post-independence issues</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-independence_issues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Independent_pre-decimal_issues,_1950–1957" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Independent_pre-decimal_issues,_1950–1957"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.1</span> <span>Independent pre-decimal issues, 1950–1957</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Independent_pre-decimal_issues,_1950–1957-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Independent_decimal_issues,_1957–present" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Independent_decimal_issues,_1957–present"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.2</span> <span>Independent decimal issues, 1957–present</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Independent_decimal_issues,_1957–present-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Minting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Minting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.3</span> <span>Minting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Minting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Commemorative_coins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commemorative_coins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.4</span> <span>Commemorative coins</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commemorative_coins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pre-independence_issues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pre-independence_issues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Pre-independence issues</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pre-independence_issues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-East_India_Company,_1835" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#East_India_Company,_1835"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.1</span> <span>East India Company, 1835</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-East_India_Company,_1835-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Regal_issues,_1862–1947" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regal_issues,_1862–1947"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.2</span> <span>Regal issues, 1862–1947</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regal_issues,_1862–1947-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Banknotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Banknotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Banknotes</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Banknotes-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Banknotes subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Banknotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Post-independence_issues_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-independence_issues_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Post-independence issues</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-independence_issues_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Current_circulating_banknotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current_circulating_banknotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.1</span> <span>Current circulating banknotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Current_circulating_banknotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Micro_printing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Micro_printing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.1.1</span> <span>Micro printing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Micro_printing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pre-independence_issues_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pre-independence_issues_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Pre-independence issues</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pre-independence_issues_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Convertibility" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Convertibility"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Convertibility</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Convertibility-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Convertibility subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Convertibility-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Chronology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chronology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Chronology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chronology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Exchange_rates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exchange_rates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Exchange rates</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Exchange_rates-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Exchange rates subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Exchange_rates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Historic_exchange_rates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historic_exchange_rates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Historic exchange rates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historic_exchange_rates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pre-Independence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pre-Independence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1.1</span> <span>Pre-Independence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pre-Independence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-Independence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-Independence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1.2</span> <span>Post-Independence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-Independence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Current_exchange_rates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current_exchange_rates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Current exchange rates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Current_exchange_rates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Worldwide_rupee_usage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Worldwide_rupee_usage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Worldwide rupee usage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Worldwide_rupee_usage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Indian rupee</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 90 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-90" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">90 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiese_roepee" title="Indiese roepee – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Indiese roepee" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="روبية هندية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="روبية هندية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE" title="ভাৰতীয় টকা – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ভাৰতীয় টকা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindistan_rupisi" title="Hindistan rupisi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Hindistan rupisi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE" title="ভারতীয় টাকা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ভারতীয় টাকা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Cn-t%C5%8D%CD%98_rupee" title="Ìn-tō͘ rupee – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ìn-tō͘ rupee" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Індыйская рупія – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Індыйская рупія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Індыйская рупія – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Індыйская рупія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="भारतीय रुपिया – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="भारतीय रुपिया" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rupee_nin_Indya" title="Rupee nin Indya – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Rupee nin Indya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Индийска рупия – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Индийска рупия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indische_Rupie" title="Indische Rupie – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Indische Rupie" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rupia_%C3%ADndia" title="Rupia índia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Rupia índia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8_%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B9%C4%95" title="Инди рупийĕ – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Инди рупийĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indick%C3%A1_rupie" title="Indická rupie – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Indická rupie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiske_rupier" title="Indiske rupier – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Indiske rupier" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indische_Rupie" title="Indische Rupie – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Indische Rupie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/India_ruupia" title="India ruupia – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="India ruupia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%80%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CE%99%CE%BD%CE%B4%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Ρουπία Ινδίας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ρουπία Ινδίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rupia_india" title="Rupia india – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Rupia india" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barata_rupio" title="Barata rupio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Barata rupio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Errupia_indiar" title="Errupia indiar – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Errupia indiar" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%87_%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF" title="روپیه هند – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="روپیه هند" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roupie_indienne" title="Roupie indienne – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Roupie indienne" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AD%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%A4%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%AF_%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%82%E0%AA%AA%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AF%E0%AB%8B" title="ભારતીય રૂપિયો – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ભારતીય રૂપિયો" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EB%8F%84_%EB%A3%A8%ED%94%BC" title="인도 루피 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="인도 루피" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%BC%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%83%D5%AB" title="Հնդկական ռուփի – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հնդկական ռուփի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="भारतीय रुपया – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="भारतीय रुपया" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indijska_rupija" title="Indijska rupija – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Indijska rupija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF" title="ভারতীয় রুপি – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="ভারতীয় রুপি" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rupee_India" title="Rupee India – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Rupee India" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indversk_r%C3%BAp%C3%ADa" title="Indversk rúpía – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Indversk rúpía" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rupia_indiana" title="Rupia indiana – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Rupia indiana" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%99_%D7%94%D7%95%D7%93%D7%99" title="רופי הודי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רופי הודי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AD%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%A6_%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BF" title="ಭಾರತದ ರೂಪಾಯಿ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಭಾರತದ ರೂಪಾಯಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ინდური რუპია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ინდური რუპია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%B0_%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Индияса рупия – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Индияса рупия" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%B8" title="Индия рупийи – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Индия рупийи" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indijas_r%C5%ABpija" title="Indijas rūpija – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Indijas rūpija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indijos_rupija" title="Indijos rupija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Indijos rupija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiai_r%C3%BApia" title="Indiai rúpia – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Indiai rúpia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="भारतीय रुपया – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="भारतीय रुपया" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Индиска рупија – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Индиска рупија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%AA" title="ഇന്ത്യൻ രൂപ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഇന്ത്യൻ രൂപ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="भारतीय रुपया – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="भारतीय रुपया" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ინდური რუპია – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ინდური რუპია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%87_%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%89" title="روبيه هندى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="روبيه هندى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rupee_India" title="Rupee India – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Rupee India" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89ng-d%C3%B4_rupee" title="Éng-dô rupee – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Éng-dô rupee" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AD%E1%80%94%E1%80%B9%E1%80%92%E1%80%AD%E1%80%9A%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B0%E1%80%95%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%84%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B1" title="အိန္ဒိယရူပီးငွေ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အိန္ဒိယရူပီးငွေ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiase_roepie" title="Indiase roepie – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Indiase roepie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81" title="भारतीय रुपैयाँ – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="भारतीय रुपैयाँ" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AB%E3%83%94%E3%83%BC" title="インド・ルピー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="インド・ルピー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indisk_rupi" title="Indisk rupi – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Indisk rupi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indisk_rupi" title="Indisk rupi – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Indisk rupi" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ropia_d%27%C3%8Dndia" title="Ropia d'Índia – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Ropia d'Índia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AD%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%A4%E0%AD%80%E0%AD%9F_%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%A6%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BE" title="ଭାରତୀୟ ମୁଦ୍ରା – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଭାରତୀୟ ମୁଦ୍ରା" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindiston_rupiyasi" title="Hindiston rupiyasi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Hindiston rupiyasi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%86" title="ਭਾਰਤੀ ਰੁਪਈਆ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਭਾਰਤੀ ਰੁਪਈਆ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DA%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="بھارتی روپیا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بھارتی روپیا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rupie" title="Rupie – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Rupie" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rupia_indyjska" title="Rupia indyjska – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Rupia indyjska" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rupia_indiana" title="Rupia indiana – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Rupia indiana" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rupie_indian%C4%83" title="Rupie indiană – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Rupie indiană" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Индийская рупия – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Индийская рупия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="रूप्यकम् – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="रूप्यकम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A7%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9_%E1%B1%B4%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9F" title="ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_rupee" title="Indian rupee – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Indian rupee" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indick%C3%A1_rupia" title="Indická rupia – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Indická rupia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%87%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%97%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B8%EA%99%97" title="Їндїиска роупиꙗ – Church Slavic" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Їндїиска роупиꙗ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Church Slavic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%D9%88%D9%88%D9%BE%DB%8C%DB%95%DB%8C_%DA%BE%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="ڕووپیەی ھیندی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕووپیەی ھیندی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Индијска рупија – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Индијска рупија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indijska_rupija" title="Indijska rupija – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Indijska rupija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intian_rupia" title="Intian rupia – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Intian rupia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indisk_rupie" title="Indisk rupie – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Indisk rupie" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rupee_ng_India" title="Rupee ng India – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Rupee ng India" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8D" title="இந்திய ரூபாய் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இந்திய ரூபாய்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BF" title="రూపాయి – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="రూపాయి" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="รูปีอินเดีย – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รูปีอินเดีย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%B8_%D2%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Рупияи Ҳиндустон – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Рупияи Ҳиндустон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BF" title="ರೂಪಾಯಿ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ರೂಪಾಯಿ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindistan_rupisi" title="Hindistan rupisi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hindistan rupisi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Індійська рупія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Індійська рупія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DA%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%BE%DB%8C%DB%81" title="بھارتی روپیہ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بھارتی روپیہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rupee_%E1%BA%A4n_%C4%90%E1%BB%99" title="Rupee Ấn Độ – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Rupee Ấn Độ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%8D%A2%E6%AF%94" title="印度卢比 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="印度卢比" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rupee_%C3%8Dnd%C3%AD%C3%A0" title="Rupee Índíà – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Rupee Índíà" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E7%9B%A7%E6%AF%94" title="印度盧比 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="印度盧比" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E7%9B%A7%E6%AF%94" title="印度盧比 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="印度盧比" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rupee_India" title="Rupee India – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Rupee India" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q80524#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Official currency of the Republic of India</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Indian rupee</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="padding: 0.3em 0.6em 0.3em 0.6em"><table style="display:table; margin:0 auto; background:none"><tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Banknote_of_india.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Banknote_of_india.png/126px-Banknote_of_india.png" decoding="async" width="126" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Banknote_of_india.png/189px-Banknote_of_india.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Banknote_of_india.png/252px-Banknote_of_india.png 2x" data-file-width="2600" data-file-height="1966" /></a></span></td> <td style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:INR_Coins.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/INR_Coins.jpg/126px-INR_Coins.jpg" decoding="async" width="126" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/INR_Coins.jpg/189px-INR_Coins.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/INR_Coins.jpg/252px-INR_Coins.jpg 2x" data-file-width="499" data-file-height="499" /></a></span></td> </tr><tr><td style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/Banknotes_of_the_Indian_rupee" title="Banknotes of the Indian rupee">Banknotes of the Indian rupee</a></td><td style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/Coins_of_the_Indian_rupee" title="Coins of the Indian rupee">Coins of the Indian rupee</a></td> </tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: lightskyblue"><a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">ISO 4217</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Code</th><td class="infobox-data">INR (numeric: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style><span class="monospaced">356</span>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_4217#Minor_unit_decimals" title="ISO 4217">Subunit</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6998100000000000000♠"></span>0.01</span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: lightskyblue">Unit</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Unit</th><td class="infobox-data">Rupee</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Currency_symbol" title="Currency symbol">Symbol</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="font-size:120%"><a href="/wiki/Indian_rupee_sign" title="Indian rupee sign"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span></a></span>‎</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: lightskyblue"><a href="/wiki/Denomination_(currency)" title="Denomination (currency)">Denominations</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Subunit</th><td class="infobox-data"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">100</span></span></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Indian_paisa" title="Indian paisa">paisa</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Symbol</th><td class="infobox-data"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"> <a href="/wiki/Indian_paisa" title="Indian paisa">paisa</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_Paisa_symbol.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Indian_Paisa_symbol.svg/10px-Indian_Paisa_symbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Indian_Paisa_symbol.svg/15px-Indian_Paisa_symbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Indian_Paisa_symbol.svg/20px-Indian_Paisa_symbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="503" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Banknotes_of_the_Indian_rupee" title="Banknotes of the Indian rupee">Banknotes</a></th><td class="infobox-data"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"> Freq. used</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Indian_10-rupee_note" title="Indian 10-rupee note"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>10</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_20-rupee_note" title="Indian 20-rupee note"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>20</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_50-rupee_note" title="Indian 50-rupee note"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>50</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_100-rupee_note" title="Indian 100-rupee note"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>100</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_200-rupee_note" title="Indian 200-rupee note"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>200</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_500-rupee_note" title="Indian 500-rupee note"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>500</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"> Rarely used</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Indian_1-rupee_note" title="Indian 1-rupee note"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_2-rupee_note" title="Indian 2-rupee note"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_5-rupee_note" title="Indian 5-rupee note"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>5</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_2000-rupee_note" title="Indian 2000-rupee note"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>2000</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Modern_Indian_Coins" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern Indian Coins">Coins</a></th><td class="infobox-data"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"> Freq. used</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Indian_1-rupee_coin" title="Indian 1-rupee coin"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_2-rupee_coin" title="Indian 2-rupee coin"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_5-rupee_coin" title="Indian 5-rupee coin"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>5</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_10-rupee_coin" title="Indian 10-rupee coin"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>10</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_20-rupee_coin" title="Indian 20-rupee coin"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>20</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"> Rarely used</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Indian_50-paise_coin" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian 50-paise coin"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>0.50</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: lightskyblue">Demographics</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Official user(s)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Flag_of_Bhutan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bhutan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Flag_of_Bhutan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bhutan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Flag_of_Bhutan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Bhutan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a> (alongside <a href="/wiki/Bhutanese_ngultrum" title="Bhutanese ngultrum">Bhutanese ngultrum</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Unofficial user(s)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/46px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (hasn't been used since 2019)</li><li><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/16px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/25px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/33px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="726" data-file-height="885" /></span></span>   </span><a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: lightskyblue">Issuance</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Central_bank" title="Central bank">Central bank</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Reserve_Bank_of_India" title="Reserve Bank of India">Reserve Bank of India</a><sup id="cite_ref-rbi_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rbi-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"> Website</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rbi.org.in/">www<wbr />.rbi<wbr />.org<wbr />.in</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Printer_(publishing)" title="Printer (publishing)">Printer</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Security_Printing_and_Minting_Corporation_of_India_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Security Printing and Minting Corporation of India Limited">Security Printing and Minting Corporation of India Limited</a><sup id="cite_ref-SPMCIL_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SPMCIL-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"> Website</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://spmcil.com">spmcil<wbr />.com</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Mint_(facility)" title="Mint (facility)">Mint</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/India_Government_Mint" title="India Government Mint">India Government Mint</a><sup id="cite_ref-SPMCIL_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SPMCIL-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"> Website</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://indiagovtmint.in">indiagovtmint<wbr />.in</a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: lightskyblue">Valuation</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Monetary_inflation" title="Monetary inflation">Inflation</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>3.4% (September 2024)<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"> Source</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rbidocs.rbi.org.in/rdocs/AnnualReport/PDFs/4TBE93D257F71548D48A75D589A53E9DEF.PDF">RBI – Annual Inflation Report</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"> Method</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Consumer_price_index" title="Consumer price index">Consumer price index</a> (<a href="/wiki/Consumer_price_index_by_country#India" title="Consumer price index by country">India</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Fixed_exchange_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="Fixed exchange rate">Pegged by</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Flag_of_Bhutan.svg/20px-Flag_of_Bhutan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Flag_of_Bhutan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Bhutan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Flag_of_Bhutan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Bhutan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bhutanese_ngultrum" title="Bhutanese ngultrum">Bhutanese ngultrum</a> (at par)<br /><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/20px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/30px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/40px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="726" data-file-height="885" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Nepalese_rupee" title="Nepalese rupee">Nepalese rupee</a> (₹1 = रु1.60)<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="text-align:left; background:#e9e9e9;"><div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alongside <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwean_dollar" title="Zimbabwean dollar">Zimbabwean dollar</a> (suspended indefinitely from 12 April 2009), the <a href="/wiki/Pound_sterling" title="Pound sterling">Pound sterling</a>, <a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">Euro</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">United States dollar</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_African_rand" title="South African rand">South African rand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Botswana_pula" title="Botswana pula">Botswana pula</a>, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Indian rupee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_yuan" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese yuan">Chinese yuan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Japanese_yen" title="Japanese yen">Japanese yen</a> have been adopted as official currencies for all government transactions.</span> </li> </ol></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Indian rupee</b> (<a href="/wiki/Currency_symbol" title="Currency symbol">symbol</a>: <b><a href="/wiki/Indian_rupee_sign" title="Indian rupee sign">₹</a></b>; <a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">code</a>: <b>INR</b>) is the official <a href="/wiki/Currency" title="Currency">currency</a> <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">in the Republic of India</a>. The rupee is subdivided into 100 <i><a href="/wiki/Indian_paisa" title="Indian paisa">paise</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a> plural; singular: <i>paisa</i>). The issuance of the currency is controlled by the <a href="/wiki/Reserve_Bank_of_India" title="Reserve Bank of India">Reserve Bank of India</a>. The Reserve Bank manages currency in India and derives its role in currency management based on the <a href="/wiki/Reserve_Bank_of_India_Act,_1934" title="Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934">Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_rupee&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/P%C4%81%E1%B9%87ini" title="Pāṇini">Pāṇini</a> (6th to 4th century BCE) mentions <span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Sanskrit language) transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">rūpya</i></span> (<span title="Sanskrit-language text"><span lang="sa">रूप्य</span></span>). While Shankar Goyal mentions it is unclear whether Panini was referring to coinage,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Coinage_of_India#Early" title="Coinage of India">other scholars conclude</a> that Panini uses the term <i>rūpa</i> to mean a piece of precious metal (typically silver) used as a coin, and a <i>rūpya</i> to mean a stamped piece of metal, a coin in the modern sense.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMookerji,_Chandragupta_Maurya_and_His_Times1966214_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMookerji,_Chandragupta_Maurya_and_His_Times1966214-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i><a href="/wiki/Arthashastra" title="Arthashastra">Arthashastra</a></i>, written by <a href="/wiki/Chanakya" title="Chanakya">Chanakya</a>, prime minister to the first <a href="/wiki/Maurya_Empire" title="Maurya Empire">Maurya emperor</a> <a href="/wiki/Chandragupta_Maurya" title="Chandragupta Maurya">Chandragupta Maurya</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 340–290 BCE</span>), mentions silver coins as <span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Sanskrit language) transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">rūpyarūpa</i></span>. Other types of coins, including gold coins (<span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Sanskrit language) transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">suvarṇarūpa</i></span>), copper coins (<span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Sanskrit language) transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">tāmrarūpa</i></span>), and lead coins (<span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Sanskrit language) transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">sīsarūpa</i></span>), are also mentioned.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The immediate precursor of the rupee is the <i>rūpiya</i>—the silver coin weighing 178 <a href="/wiki/Grain_(mass)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grain (mass)">grains</a> minted in northern India, first by <a href="/wiki/Sher_Shah_Suri" title="Sher Shah Suri">Sher Shah Suri</a> during his brief rule between 1540 and 1545, and later adopted and standardized by the <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal Empire</a>. The weight remained unchanged well beyond the end of the Mughals until the 20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-mogul_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mogul-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_rupee&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main pages: <a href="/wiki/Rupee" title="Rupee">Rupee</a>, <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_rupee" title="History of the rupee">History of the rupee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Category:Historical_currencies_of_India" title="Category:Historical currencies of India">Historical currencies of India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paisa" title="Paisa">Paisa</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Coinage_of_India" title="Coinage of India">Coinage of India</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MauryanCoin.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/MauryanCoin.JPG/220px-MauryanCoin.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/MauryanCoin.JPG/330px-MauryanCoin.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/MauryanCoin.JPG/440px-MauryanCoin.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2204" data-file-height="999" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Silver" title="Silver">Silver</a> <a href="/wiki/Punch-marked_coins" title="Punch-marked coins">punch mark coin</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Maurya_empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Maurya empire">Maurya empire</a>, known as <i>Rūpyarūpa</i>, 3rd century BCE.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gupta_Kings._Skandagupta._AD_455-467.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Gupta_Kings._Skandagupta._AD_455-467.jpg/220px-Gupta_Kings._Skandagupta._AD_455-467.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Gupta_Kings._Skandagupta._AD_455-467.jpg/330px-Gupta_Kings._Skandagupta._AD_455-467.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Gupta_Kings._Skandagupta._AD_455-467.jpg/440px-Gupta_Kings._Skandagupta._AD_455-467.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="397" /></a><figcaption>Silver coin of <a href="/wiki/Skandagupta" title="Skandagupta">Skandagupta</a> of <a href="/wiki/Gupta_Empire" title="Gupta Empire">Gupta Empire</a> known as <i>Rūpaka</i>(रूपक) in Sanskrit, in the style of the <a href="/wiki/Western_Satrap" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Satrap">Western Satraps</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Indian_peacock" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian peacock">peacock</a> on reverse, 455-467</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sher_shah%27s_rupee.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Silver coins with raised writing" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Sher_shah%27s_rupee.jpg/220px-Sher_shah%27s_rupee.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Sher_shah%27s_rupee.jpg/330px-Sher_shah%27s_rupee.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Sher_shah%27s_rupee.jpg/440px-Sher_shah%27s_rupee.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1701" data-file-height="861" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Rupiya" class="mw-redirect" title="Rupiya">Rupiya</a></i> issued by <a href="/wiki/Sher_Shah_Suri" title="Sher Shah Suri">Sher Shah Suri</a>, 1540–1545</figcaption></figure> <p>The history of the Indian <a href="/wiki/Rupee" title="Rupee">rupee</a> traces back to <a href="/wiki/Ancient_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient India">ancient India</a> around the 6th century BCE: ancient India was one of the earliest issuers of <a href="/wiki/Coin" title="Coin">coins</a> in the world,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> along with the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_wen" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese wen">Chinese wen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lydia" title="Lydia">Lydian</a> <a href="/wiki/Stater" title="Stater">staters</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Arthashastra" title="Arthashastra">Arthashastra</a></i>, written by <a href="/wiki/Chanakya" title="Chanakya">Chanakya</a>, Prime minister to the first <a href="/wiki/Maurya_Empire" title="Maurya Empire">Maurya emperor</a> <a href="/wiki/Chandragupta_Maurya" title="Chandragupta Maurya">Chandragupta Maurya</a> (c. 340–290 BCE), mentions silver coins as <i>rūpyarūpa</i>, other types including gold coins (suvarṇarūpa), copper coins (tamrarūpa) and lead coins (sīsarūpa) are mentioned. <span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Sanskrit language) transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">Rūpa</i></span> means 'form' or 'shape'; for example, in the word <span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Sanskrit language) transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">rūpyarūpa</i></span>: <span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Sanskrit language) transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">rūpya</i></span> 'wrought silver' and <span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Sanskrit language) transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">rūpa</i></span> 'form'.<sup id="cite_ref-Redy_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Redy-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Gupta_Empire" title="Gupta Empire">Gupta Empire</a> produced large numbers of silver coins clearly influenced by those of the earlier <a href="/wiki/Western_Satraps" title="Western Satraps">Western Satraps</a> by <a href="/wiki/Chandragupta_II" title="Chandragupta II">Chandragupta II</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EBAllan&Stern_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EBAllan&Stern-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The silver <i>Rūpaka</i> (<a href="/wiki/Sanskrit_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanskrit language">Sanskrit</a>: <span lang="sa">रूपक</span>) coins were weighed approximately 20 <a href="/wiki/Ratti_(unit)" title="Ratti (unit)">rattis</a> (2.2678g).<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the intermediate times there was no fixed monetary system as reported by the <i><a href="/wiki/Great_Tang_Records_on_the_Western_Regions" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Tang Records on the Western Regions">Da Tang Xi Yu Ji</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During his five-year rule from 1540 to 1545, <a href="/wiki/Sultan" title="Sultan">Sultan</a> <a href="/wiki/Sher_Shah_Suri" title="Sher Shah Suri">Sher Shah Suri</a> issued a coin of silver, weighing 178 <a href="/wiki/Grain_(mass)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grain (mass)">grains</a> (or 11.53 grams), which was also termed the <i>rupiya</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-etymonline1_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-etymonline1-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During <a href="/wiki/Babur" title="Babur">Babur</a>'s time, the brass to silver exchange ratio was roughly 50:2.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The silver coin remained in use during the <a href="/wiki/Mughal_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Mughal period">Mughal period</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maratha_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Maratha Empire">Maratha era</a> as well as in <a href="/wiki/British_India" class="mw-redirect" title="British India">British India</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-rbi-c-colo_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rbi-c-colo-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among the earliest issues of <a href="/wiki/Banknote" title="Banknote">paper rupees</a> include; the <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Hindostan" title="Bank of Hindostan">Bank of Hindustan</a> (1770–1832), the General Bank of Bengal and Bihar (1773–1775, established by <a href="/wiki/Warren_Hastings" title="Warren Hastings">Warren Hastings</a>), and the Bengal Bank (1784–91).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1800s">1800s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_rupee&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 1800s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Relevant discussion may be found on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Indian_rupee#The_Indian_currency_is_called_the_Indian_Rupee_(INR)_and_the_coins_are_called_paise._One_Rupee_consists_of_100_paise._The_symbol_of_the_Indian_Rupee_is_₹._The_design_resembles_both_the_Devanagari_letter_"₹"_(ra)_and_the_Latin_capital_letter_"R",_with_a_double_horizontal_line_at_the_top." title="Talk:Indian rupee">talk page</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Indian_rupee" title="Special:EditPage/Indian rupee">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2016</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable floatright collapsible collapsed"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="background:#ffdead;">Indian silver rupee value (1820 <p>–1900)<sup id="cite_ref-Indian_Currency_Problems_of_the_Last_Decade_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Indian_Currency_Problems_of_the_Last_Decade-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Year</td> <td>Exchange rate (pence per rupee)</td> <td>Melt value (pence per rupee) </td></tr> <tr> <td>1850</td> <td>24.3</td> <td>22.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1851</td> <td>24.1</td> <td>22.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1852</td> <td>23.9</td> <td>22.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1853</td> <td>24.1</td> <td>22.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1854</td> <td>23.1</td> <td>22.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1855</td> <td>24.2</td> <td>22.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1856</td> <td>24.2</td> <td>22.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1857</td> <td>24.6</td> <td>22.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1858</td> <td>25.7</td> <td>22.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1859</td> <td>26.0</td> <td>23.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1860</td> <td>26.0</td> <td>22.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1861</td> <td>23.9</td> <td>22.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1862</td> <td>23.9</td> <td>22.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1863</td> <td>23.9</td> <td>22.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1864</td> <td>23.9</td> <td>22.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1865</td> <td>23.8</td> <td>22.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1866</td> <td>23.1</td> <td>22.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1867</td> <td>23.2</td> <td>22.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1868</td> <td>23.2</td> <td>22.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1869</td> <td>23.3</td> <td>22.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1870</td> <td>22.5</td> <td>22.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1871</td> <td>23.1</td> <td>22.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1872</td> <td>22.7</td> <td>22.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1873</td> <td>22.3</td> <td>22.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1874</td> <td>22.1</td> <td>21.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1875</td> <td>21.6</td> <td>21.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1876</td> <td>20.5</td> <td>19.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1877</td> <td>20.8</td> <td>20.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1878</td> <td>19.8</td> <td>19.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1879</td> <td>20.0</td> <td>19.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1880</td> <td>19.9</td> <td>19.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1881</td> <td>19.9</td> <td>19.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1882</td> <td>19.5</td> <td>19.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1883</td> <td>19.5</td> <td>18.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1884</td> <td>19.3</td> <td>18.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1885</td> <td>18.2</td> <td>18.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1886</td> <td>17.4</td> <td>16.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1887</td> <td>16.9</td> <td>16.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1888</td> <td>16.4</td> <td>15.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1889</td> <td>16.5</td> <td>15.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1890</td> <td>18.0</td> <td>17.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1891</td> <td>16.7</td> <td>16.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1892</td> <td>15.0</td> <td>14.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1893</td> <td>14.5</td> <td>13.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1894</td> <td>13.1</td> <td>10.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1895</td> <td>13.6</td> <td>11.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1896</td> <td>14.4</td> <td>11.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1897</td> <td>15.3</td> <td>10.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1898</td> <td>16.0</td> <td>10.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1899</td> <td>16.0</td> <td>10.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1900</td> <td>16.0</td> <td>10.4 </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:INDIAN_SILVER_RUPEE_VALUE_1850-1900.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/INDIAN_SILVER_RUPEE_VALUE_1850-1900.png/220px-INDIAN_SILVER_RUPEE_VALUE_1850-1900.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/INDIAN_SILVER_RUPEE_VALUE_1850-1900.png/330px-INDIAN_SILVER_RUPEE_VALUE_1850-1900.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/INDIAN_SILVER_RUPEE_VALUE_1850-1900.png/440px-INDIAN_SILVER_RUPEE_VALUE_1850-1900.png 2x" data-file-width="618" data-file-height="593" /></a><figcaption>Chart showing exchange rate of Indian <a href="/wiki/Silver_Rupee" class="mw-redirect" title="Silver Rupee">silver rupee coin</a> (blue) and the actual value of its silver content (red), against <a href="/wiki/Penny_(British_pre-decimal_coin)" title="Penny (British pre-decimal coin)">British pence</a>. (From 1850 to 1900)</figcaption></figure> <p>Historically, the <a href="/wiki/Rupee" title="Rupee">rupee</a> was a <a href="/wiki/Bullion_coin" title="Bullion coin">silver coin</a>. This had severe consequences in the nineteenth century when the strongest economies in the world were on the <a href="/wiki/Gold_standard" title="Gold standard">gold standard</a> (that is, paper linked to gold). The discovery of large quantities of silver in the United States and several European colonies caused the <a href="/wiki/Panic_of_1873" title="Panic of 1873">panic of 1873</a> which resulted in a decline in the <a href="/wiki/Relative_value_(economics)" title="Relative value (economics)">value</a> of <a href="/wiki/Silver_as_an_investment" title="Silver as an investment">silver relative</a> to gold, devaluing India's standard currency. This event was known as "the fall of the rupee". In Britain War, the <a href="/wiki/Long_Depression" title="Long Depression">Long Depression</a> resulted in bankruptcies, escalating unemployment, a halt in public works, and a major trade slump that lasted until 1897.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>India was unaffected by the imperial <a href="/wiki/Order_in_Council" title="Order in Council">order-in-council</a> of 1825, which attempted to introduce British <a href="/wiki/Pound_sterling" title="Pound sterling">sterling</a> coinage to the British colonies. India, at that time, was <a href="/wiki/Company_rule_in_India" title="Company rule in India">controlled</a> by the British <a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">East India Company</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Silver_Rupee" class="mw-redirect" title="Silver Rupee">silver rupee coin</a> continued as the currency of India through the <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Raj</a> and beyond. In 1835, British India adopted a <a href="/wiki/Fine_silver" class="mw-redirect" title="Fine silver">mono-metallic</a> <a href="/wiki/Silver_standards" title="Silver standards">silver standard</a> based on the rupee coin; this decision was influenced by a letter written by <a href="/wiki/Lord_Liverpool" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Liverpool">Lord Liverpool</a> in 1805 extolling the virtues of mono-metallism. </p><p>Following the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Rebellion_of_1857" title="Indian Rebellion of 1857">First War of Independence</a> in 1857, the British government took direct <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">control</a> of India. From 1851, gold sovereigns were produced <i>en masse</i> at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Mint" title="Royal Mint">Royal Mint</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</a>. In an 1864 attempt to make the British <a href="/wiki/Gold_sovereign" class="mw-redirect" title="Gold sovereign">gold sovereign</a> the "imperial coin", the treasuries in <a href="/wiki/Bombay" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombay">Bombay</a> and <a href="/wiki/Calcutta" class="mw-redirect" title="Calcutta">Calcutta</a> were instructed to receive (but not to issue) gold sovereigns; therefore, these gold sovereigns never left the vaults. As the British government gave up hope of replacing the rupee in India with the pound <a href="/wiki/Sterling_silver" title="Sterling silver">sterling</a>, it realised for the same reason it could not replace the <a href="/wiki/Trade_coin" title="Trade coin">silver dollar</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Straits_Settlements" title="Straits Settlements">Straits Settlements</a> with the Indian rupee (as the British East India Company had desired). Since the <a href="/wiki/Silver_crisis_of_1873" class="mw-redirect" title="Silver crisis of 1873">silver crisis of 1873</a>, several nations switched over to a <a href="/wiki/Gold_standard#Gold_exchange_standard" title="Gold standard">gold exchange standard</a> (wherein silver or banknotes circulate locally but with a fixed gold value for export purposes), including India in the 1890s.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="India_Council_Bill">India Council Bill</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_rupee&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: India Council Bill"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1870, India was connected to Britain by a submarine <a href="/wiki/Telegraphy" title="Telegraphy">telegraph</a> cable. Around 1875, Britain started paying India for exported goods in India Council (paper) Bills (instead of silver). </p> <blockquote><p>If, therefore, the India Council in London should not step in to sell bills on India, the merchants and bankers would have to send silver to make good the (trade) balances. Thus a channel for the outflow of silver was stopped, in 1875, by the India Council in London.<sup id="cite_ref-The_silver_question_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_silver_question-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <blockquote><p>The great importance of these (Council) Bills, however, is the effect they have on the Market Price of Silver: and they have in fact been one of the most potent factors in recent years in causing the diminution in the Value of Silver as compared to Gold.<sup id="cite_ref-Henry_Dunning_Macleod_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Henry_Dunning_Macleod-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <blockquote><p>The Indian and Chinese products for which silver is paid were and are, since 1873–74, very low in price, and it therefore takes less silver to purchase a larger quantity of Eastern commodities. Now, on taking the several agents into united consideration, it will certainly not seem very mysterious why silver should not only have fallen in price<sup id="cite_ref-The_silver_question_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_silver_question-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <blockquote><p>The great nations had recourse to two expedients for replenishing their exchequers, – first, loans, and, second, the more convenient forced loans of paper money۔<sup id="cite_ref-The_silver_question_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_silver_question-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fowler_Committee_(1898)"><span id="Fowler_Committee_.281898.29"></span>Fowler Committee (1898)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_rupee&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Fowler Committee (1898)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Indian_Currency_Committee" title="Indian Currency Committee">Indian Currency Committee</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Government_of_India_5_Rupee_Note_1858.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Government_of_India_5_Rupee_Note_1858.jpg/220px-Government_of_India_5_Rupee_Note_1858.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Government_of_India_5_Rupee_Note_1858.jpg/330px-Government_of_India_5_Rupee_Note_1858.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Government_of_India_5_Rupee_Note_1858.jpg/440px-Government_of_India_5_Rupee_Note_1858.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="627" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Government of India</a> - 5 <a href="/wiki/Rupee" title="Rupee">Rupee</a> note (1858)</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Indian_Currency_Committee" title="Indian Currency Committee">Indian Currency Committee</a> or Fowler Committee was a government committee appointed by the <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British-run Government of India</a> on 29 April 1898 to examine the currency situation in India.<sup id="cite_ref-chishti2001_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chishti2001-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They collected a wide range of testimony, examined as many as forty-nine witnesses, and only reported their conclusions in July 1899, after more than a year's deliberation.<sup id="cite_ref-Indian_Currency_Problems_of_the_Last_Decade_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Indian_Currency_Problems_of_the_Last_Decade-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote><p>The prophecy made before the Committee of 1898 by Mr. A. M. Lindsay, in proposing a scheme closely similar in principle to that which was eventually adopted, has been largely fulfilled. "This change," he said, "will pass unnoticed, except by the intelligent few, and it is satisfactory to find that by this almost imperceptible process, the Indian currency will be placed on a footing which Ricardo and other great authorities have advocated as the best of all currency systems, viz., one in which the currency media used in the internal circulation are confined to notes and cheap token coins, which are made to act precisely as if they were bits of gold by being made convertible into gold for foreign payment purposes.<sup id="cite_ref-John_Maynard_Keynes_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-John_Maynard_Keynes-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The committee concurred in the opinion of the Indian government that the mints should remain closed to the unrestricted coinage of silver and that a gold standard should be adopted without delay...they recommended (1) that the British sovereign be given full legal tender power in India, and (2) that the Indian mints be thrown open to its unrestricted coinage (for gold coins only).</p></blockquote> <p>These recommendations were acceptable to both governments and were shortly afterwards translated into laws. The act making gold a legal tender was promulgated on 15 September 1899, and preparations were soon thereafter undertaken for the coinage of gold sovereigns in the mint at Bombay.<sup id="cite_ref-Indian_Currency_Problems_of_the_Last_Decade_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Indian_Currency_Problems_of_the_Last_Decade-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote><p>Silver, therefore, has ceased to serve as, and standard; and the Indian currency system of to-day (that is 1901) may be described as that of a "limping" gold standard similar to the systems of France, Germany, and Holland, and the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-Indian_Currency_Problems_of_the_Last_Decade_25-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Indian_Currency_Problems_of_the_Last_Decade-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <blockquote><p>The Committee of 1898 explicitly declared themselves to be in favour of the eventual establishment of a gold currency.<br />This goal, if it was their goal, the Government of India have never attained.<sup id="cite_ref-John_Maynard_Keynes_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-John_Maynard_Keynes-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1900s">1900s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_rupee&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 1900s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:IND-1c-Government_of_India-1_Rupee_(1917).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/IND-1c-Government_of_India-1_Rupee_%281917%29.jpg/220px-IND-1c-Government_of_India-1_Rupee_%281917%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="242" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/IND-1c-Government_of_India-1_Rupee_%281917%29.jpg/330px-IND-1c-Government_of_India-1_Rupee_%281917%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/IND-1c-Government_of_India-1_Rupee_%281917%29.jpg/440px-IND-1c-Government_of_India-1_Rupee_%281917%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4290" data-file-height="4717" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">Government of India</a> – <a href="/wiki/Indian_1-rupee_note" title="Indian 1-rupee note">1 rupee</a> (1917)</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1913, <a href="/wiki/John_Maynard_Keynes" title="John Maynard Keynes">John Maynard Keynes</a> writes in his book <i>Indian Currency and Finance</i> that during the financial year 1900–1901, gold coins (sovereigns) worth £6,750,000 were given to the Indian people in the hope that they would circulate as currency. But against the expectation of the Government, not even half of that was returned to accounts. As this experiment failed spectacularly, the government abandoned the practice but did not abandon the narrative of the gold standard. Subsequently, much of the gold held by the Government of India was shipped to the <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_England" title="Bank of England">Bank of England</a> in 1901 and held there.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, Colonial British control over parts of Nagaland was <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Imphal" title="Battle of Imphal">lost to Japanese forces</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Coins_of_British_India" title="Coins of British India">British Indian rupee</a> was banned and the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_government%E2%80%93issued_rupee_in_Burma" title="Japanese government–issued rupee in Burma">Japanese rupee</a> (1942–44) was introduced. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Problems_caused_by_the_gold_standard">Problems caused by the gold standard</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_rupee&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Problems caused by the gold standard"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Gold_standard" title="Gold standard">Gold standard</a></div> <p>At the onset of the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a>, the cost of gold was very low and therefore the pound sterling had high value. But during the war, the value of the pound fell alarmingly due to rising war expenses. At the end of the war, the value of the pound was only a fraction of what it had been before the war. It remained low until 1925, when the then <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Exchequer" title="Chancellor of the Exchequer">Chancellor of the Exchequer</a> (finance minister) of the United Kingdom, <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a>, restored it to pre-war levels. As a result, the price of gold fell rapidly. While the rest of Europe purchased large quantities of gold from the United Kingdom, there was little increase in her gold reserves. This dealt a blow to an already deteriorating British economy. The United Kingdom began to look to its possessions as India to compensate for the gold that was sold.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, the price of gold in India, on the basis of the official exchange rate of the rupee around 1<a href="/wiki/Shilling_(British_coin)" title="Shilling (British coin)">s.</a> 6<a href="/wiki/Penny_(British_pre-decimal_coin)" title="Penny (British pre-decimal coin)">d</a>., was lower than the price prevailing abroad practically throughout<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (May 2023)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup>; the disparity in prices made the export of the metal profitable; and this continued for almost a decade. Thus, in 1931–32, there were net exports of 7.7 million <a href="/wiki/Troy_ounce" class="mw-redirect" title="Troy ounce">ounces</a>, valued at INR 57.98 <a href="/wiki/Crore" title="Crore">crore</a>. In the following year, both the quantity and the price rose further: net exports totalled 8.4 million ounces, valued at INR 65.52 crore. In the ten years ended March 1941, total net exports were of the order of 43 million ounces (1337.3 tons) valued at about INR 375 crore, or an average price of INR 32-12-4 per <a href="/wiki/Tola_(unit)" title="Tola (unit)">tola</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the autumn of 1917 (when the silver price rose to 55 <a href="/wiki/Penny_(British_pre-decimal_coin)" title="Penny (British pre-decimal coin)">pence</a>), there was danger of uprisings in India (against paper currency) which would handicap seriously British participation in the war. Inconvertibility (of paper currency into coin) would lead to a run on <a href="/wiki/Postal_savings_system" title="Postal savings system">Post Office Savings Banks</a>. It would prevent the further expansion of (paper currency) note issues and cause a rise of prices, in paper currency, that would greatly increase the cost of obtaining war supplies for export; to have reduced the silver content of this historic [rupee] coin might well have caused such popular distrust of the Government as to have precipitated an internal crisis, which would have been fatal to British success in the war.<sup id="cite_ref-Silver_Money_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Silver_Money-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 1931 to 1941, the United Kingdom purchased large amounts of gold from India and its many other colonies just by increasing price of gold, as Britain was able to pay in printable paper currency. Similarly, on 19 June 1934, <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Roosevelt</a> made<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (May 2023)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="/wiki/American_Silver_Purchase_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="American Silver Purchase Act">Silver Purchase Act</a> (which increased the price of silver) and purchased about 44,000 tons of silver, paying with paper <a href="/wiki/Silver_certificate" title="Silver certificate">silver certificates</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1939, Dickson H. Leavens wrote in his book <i>Silver Money</i>: "In recent years the increased price of gold, measured in depreciated paper currencies, has attracted to the market (of London) large quantities (of gold) formerly hoarded or held in the form of ornaments in India and China".<sup id="cite_ref-Silver_Money_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Silver_Money-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In their respective former colonies, the Indian rupee replaced the <a href="/wiki/Danish_Indian_rupee" title="Danish Indian rupee">Danish Indian rupee</a> in 1845, the <a href="/wiki/French_Indian_rupee" title="French Indian rupee">French Indian rupee</a> in 1954 and the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Indian_escudo" title="Portuguese Indian escudo">Portuguese Indian escudo</a> in 1961. Following the <a href="/wiki/Independence_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Independence of India">independence of India</a> in 1947 and the <a href="/wiki/Instrument_of_Accession" title="Instrument of Accession">accession</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Princely_state" title="Princely state">princely states</a> to the new <a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_India" title="Dominion of India">Union</a>, the Indian rupee replaced all the currencies of the previously autonomous states (although the <a href="/wiki/Hyderabadi_rupee" title="Hyderabadi rupee">Hyderabadi rupee</a> was not demonetised until 1959).<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of the states had issued rupees equal to those issued by the British (such as the <a href="/wiki/Travancore_rupee" class="mw-redirect" title="Travancore rupee">Travancore rupee</a>). Other currencies (including the Hyderabadi rupee and the <a href="/wiki/Kutch_kori" title="Kutch kori">Kutch kori</a>) had different values. </p><p>The values of the subdivisions of the rupee during <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British rule</a> (and in the first decade of independence) were: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Subdivisions of the rupee during the 20th century </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Value (in <a href="/wiki/Indian_anna" title="Indian anna">anna</a>) </th> <th>Popular name </th> <th>Value (in <a href="/wiki/Indian_paisa" title="Indian paisa">paise</a>) </th></tr> <tr> <td>16 anna </td> <td>1 <a href="/wiki/Rupee" title="Rupee">rupee</a> </td> <td>100 paise </td></tr> <tr> <td>8 anna </td> <td>1 ardharupee / 1 <a href="/wiki/Athanni" class="mw-redirect" title="Athanni">athanni</a> (dheli) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Indian_50-paisa_coin" title="Indian 50-paisa coin">50 paise</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 anna </td> <td>1 pavala / 1 <a href="/wiki/Chawanni" class="mw-redirect" title="Chawanni">chawanni</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Indian_25-paisa_coin" title="Indian 25-paisa coin">25 paise</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 anna </td> <td>1 beda / 1 duanni </td> <td>12 paise </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 anna </td> <td>1 ekanni </td> <td>6 paise </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> anna </td> <td>1 paraka / 1 <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_taka" title="History of the taka">taka</a> / 1 adhanni </td> <td>3 paise </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span> anna </td> <td>1 kani (<a href="/wiki/Pice" class="mw-redirect" title="Pice">pice</a>) / 1 <a href="/wiki/Paisa" title="Paisa">paisa</a> (old paise) </td> <td>1<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> paise </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">8</span></span> anna </td> <td>1 dhela </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">3</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span> paisa </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">12</span></span> anna </td> <td>1 <a href="/wiki/Indian_pie" title="Indian pie">pie</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> paisa </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>In 1957, the rupee was <a href="/wiki/Decimalised" class="mw-redirect" title="Decimalised">decimalised</a> and divided into 100 <i><a href="/wiki/Naya_paise" class="mw-redirect" title="Naya paise">naye paise</a></i> (Hindi for "new paise"); in 1964, the initial <i>naye</i> was dropped.</li> <li>Many still refer to <a href="/wiki/Indian_25-paisa_coin" title="Indian 25-paisa coin">25-</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_50-paisa_coin" title="Indian 50-paisa coin">50-</a> and 75-paise coins as 4, 8, and 12 <a href="/wiki/Indian_anna" title="Indian anna">annas</a>, respectively; compare the expression "two <a href="/wiki/Bit_(money)" title="Bit (money)">bits</a>" in colloquial <a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">American English</a> for a quarter-dollar coin.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_currency_sign_for_the_Indian_rupee">New currency sign for the Indian rupee</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_rupee&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: New currency sign for the Indian rupee"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2010, a <a href="/wiki/Indian_rupee_sign" title="Indian rupee sign">new rupee sign</a> (<span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>) was officially adopted. As <a href="/wiki/D._Udaya_Kumar" title="D. Udaya Kumar">its designer</a> explained, it was derived from the combination of the <a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">Devanagari</a> consonant "<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="र">र</a>" (<i>ra</i>) and the <a href="/wiki/Latin_alphabet" title="Latin alphabet">Latin</a> capital letter "R" without its vertical bar.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The parallel lines at the top (with white space between them) are said to make an allusion to the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_India" title="Flag of India">flag of India</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and also depict an equality sign that symbolises the nation's desire to reduce <a href="/wiki/Economic_inequality" title="Economic inequality">economic disparity</a>. The first series of coins with the new rupee sign started in circulation on 8 July 2011. Before this, India used "<a href="/wiki/Rupee_sign" title="Rupee sign">₨</a>" and "Re" as the symbols for multiple rupees and one rupee, respectively, and these symbols are still used in situations where the official symbol is unavailable. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Digitization_of_Indian_rupee">Digitization of Indian rupee</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_rupee&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Digitization of Indian rupee"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Digital_Rupee" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital Rupee">Digital Rupee</a></div> <div class="excerpt-block"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066933788">.mw-parser-output .excerpt-hat .mw-editsection-like{font-style:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/Digital_rupee" title="Digital rupee">Digital rupee</a>.<span class="mw-editsection-like plainlinks"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Digital_rupee&action=edit">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><div class="excerpt"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article needs to be <b>updated</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2023</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The Digital Rupee (e₹)<sup id="cite_ref-Digital_rupee_:02_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Digital_rupee_:02-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or eINR or E-Rupee is a tokenised digital version of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Rupee" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Rupee">Indian Rupee</a>, issued by the <a href="/wiki/Reserve_Bank_of_India" title="Reserve Bank of India">Reserve Bank of India</a> (RBI) as a <a href="/wiki/Central_bank_digital_currency" title="Central bank digital currency">central bank digital currency</a> (CBDC).<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Digital Rupee was proposed in January 2017 and launched on 1 December 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-Digital_rupee_Delhi_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Digital_rupee_Delhi-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Digital Rupee is using <a href="/wiki/Blockchain" title="Blockchain">blockchain</a> <a href="/wiki/Distributed_Ledger_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Distributed Ledger Technology">distributed-ledger technology</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> Like banknotes it will be uniquely identifiable and regulated by the central bank. Liability lies with RBI. Plans include online and offline accessibility.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> RBI launched Digital Rupee for Wholesale (e₹-W) catering to financial institutions for interbank settlements and Digital Rupee for Retail (e₹-R) for consumer and business transactions.<sup id="cite_ref-Digital_rupee_Delhi_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Digital_rupee_Delhi-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The implementation of the Digital Rupee aims to remove the security printing cost borne by the general public, businesses, banks, and RBI on physical currency which amounted to <a href="/wiki/%E2%82%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="₹">₹</a>49,848,000,000.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="over what period? (February 2025)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> [4984.8 X1,00,00,000 = ~5,000 Crores]</div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legal_framework">Legal framework</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_rupee&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Legal framework"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="Legal"></span><span class="anchor" id="Framework"></span> </p><p>British East India Company (EIC) was given the right in 1717 to mint coins in the name of the <a href="/wiki/Mughal_emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Mughal emperor">Mughal emperor</a> <a href="/wiki/Farrukhsiyar" title="Farrukhsiyar">Farrukhsiyar</a> on the island of Bombay. By 1792 the EIC demonetised all other coins till they were reduced to only 3 types of coins, i.e. EIC, Mughal & <a href="/wiki/Maratha_empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Maratha empire">Maratha</a> coins. After EIC expanded its control over India, it brought the "Coinage Act of 1835" and started to mint coins in the name of the British king. <a href="/wiki/Company_rule" class="mw-redirect" title="Company rule">EIC rule</a> was replaced by <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Crown raj</a> which brought the "Paper Currency Act of 1861" and the "Uniform Coinage Act of 1906".<sup id="cite_ref-act1_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-act1-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After 2021, the government of independent India amended "The Coinage Act, 2011",<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the "<a href="/wiki/Foreign_Exchange_Management_Act" title="Foreign Exchange Management Act">Foreign Exchange Management Act</a> (FEMA), 1999," the "<a href="/wiki/Information_Technology_Act,_2000" title="Information Technology Act, 2000">Information Technology Act, 2000</a>" and the "Crypto-currency and Regulation of Official Digital Currency Bill, 2021".<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Coins">Coins</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_rupee&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Coins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-independence_issues">Post-independence issues</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_rupee&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Post-independence issues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Coins_of_the_Indian_rupee" title="Coins of the Indian rupee">Coins of the Indian rupee</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indian_paisa" title="Indian paisa">Indian paisa</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Independent_pre-decimal_issues,_1950–1957"><span id="Independent_pre-decimal_issues.2C_1950.E2.80.931957"></span>Independent pre-decimal issues, 1950–1957</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_rupee&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Independent pre-decimal issues, 1950–1957"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>India's first coins after independence were issued in 1950 in denominations of 1 <a href="/wiki/Indian_pice" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian pice">pice</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span>, one and two annas, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> and <a href="/wiki/Indian_1-rupee_coin" title="Indian 1-rupee coin">one-rupee</a>. The sizes and composition were the same as the final regal issues, except for the one-piece (which was bronze, but not holed). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Independent_decimal_issues,_1957–present"><span id="Independent_decimal_issues.2C_1957.E2.80.93present"></span>Independent decimal issues, 1957–present</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_rupee&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Independent decimal issues, 1957–present"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:IN_Aluminium_Series_Paise.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Row of six differently-shaped aluminium coins, arranged by size" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/af/IN_Aluminium_Series_Paise.jpg/220px-IN_Aluminium_Series_Paise.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/af/IN_Aluminium_Series_Paise.jpg/330px-IN_Aluminium_Series_Paise.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/af/IN_Aluminium_Series_Paise.jpg/440px-IN_Aluminium_Series_Paise.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="99" /></a><figcaption>In 1964, India introduced <a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">aluminium</a> coins for denominations up to 20p.</figcaption></figure> <p>The first <a href="/wiki/Decimal_coinage" class="mw-redirect" title="Decimal coinage">decimal-coin</a> issues in India consisted of <a href="/wiki/1_naya_paisa_(Indian_coin)" title="1 naya paisa (Indian coin)">1</a>, <a href="/wiki/2_naye_paise_(Indian_coin)" title="2 naye paise (Indian coin)">2</a>, <a href="/wiki/5_naye_paise_(Indian_coin)" title="5 naye paise (Indian coin)">5</a>, 10, 25 and 50 <a href="/wiki/Naya_paise" class="mw-redirect" title="Naya paise">naye paise</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Indian_1-rupee_coin" title="Indian 1-rupee coin">1 rupee</a>. The 1 naya paisa was bronze; the 2, 5, and 10 naye paise were cupro-nickel, and the 25 naye paise (nicknamed <i><a href="/wiki/Chawanni" class="mw-redirect" title="Chawanni">chawanni</a></i>; 25 naye paise equals 4 <a href="/wiki/Indian_anna" title="Indian anna">annas</a>), 50 naye paise (also called <i><a href="/wiki/Athanni" class="mw-redirect" title="Athanni">athanni</a></i>; 50 naye paise equalled 8 old annas) and 1-rupee were nickel. In 1964, the words <i>naya</i>/<i>naye</i> were removed from all coins. Between 1957 and 1967, aluminium <a href="/wiki/Indian_1-paisa_coin" title="Indian 1-paisa coin">one</a>-, <a href="/wiki/Indian_2-paisa_coin" title="Indian 2-paisa coin">two</a>-, <a href="/wiki/Indian_3-paisa_coin" title="Indian 3-paisa coin">three</a>-, <a href="/wiki/Indian_5-paisa_coin" title="Indian 5-paisa coin">five</a>- and <a href="/wiki/Indian_10-paisa_coin" title="Indian 10-paisa coin">ten-paise</a> coins were introduced. In 1968 nickel-brass <a href="/wiki/Indian_20-paisa_coin" title="Indian 20-paisa coin">20-paise</a> coins were introduced, and replaced by aluminium coins in 1982. Between 1972 and 1975, cupro-nickel replaced nickel in the <a href="/wiki/Indian_25-paisa_coin" title="Indian 25-paisa coin">25-</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indian_50-paisa_coin" title="Indian 50-paisa coin">50-paise</a> and the 1-rupee coins; in 1982, cupro-nickel <a href="/wiki/Indian_2-rupee_coin" title="Indian 2-rupee coin">two-rupee</a> coins were introduced. In 1988 <a href="/wiki/Stainless_steel" title="Stainless steel">stainless steel</a> 10-, 25- and 50-paise coins were introduced, followed by 1- and <a href="/wiki/Indian_5-rupee_coin" title="Indian 5-rupee coin">5-rupee</a> coins in 1992. Five-rupee coins, made from <a href="/wiki/Brass" title="Brass">brass</a>, are being minted by the <a href="/wiki/Reserve_Bank_of_India" title="Reserve Bank of India">Reserve Bank of India</a> (RBI). </p><p>In 1997 the 20 paise coin was discontinued, followed by the 10 paise coin in 1998, and the 25 paise in 2002. </p><p>Between 2005 and 2008 new, lighter fifty-paise, one-, two-, and five-rupee coins were introduced, made from ferritic stainless steel. The move was prompted by the melting-down of older coins, whose face value was less than their scrap value. The demonetisation of the 25-paise coin and all paise coins below it took place, and a new series of coins (50 paise – nicknamed <i>athanni</i> – one, two, five, and ten rupees with the new rupee sign) were put into circulation in 2011. In 2016 the 50 paise coin was last minted. Coins commonly in circulation are one, two, five, ten, and twenty rupees.<sup id="cite_ref-newcoin_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newcoin-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TimesofIndia29082011_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TimesofIndia29082011-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although it is still legal tender, the 50-paise (<i>athanni</i>) coin is rarely seen in circulation.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; margin:1em auto 1em auto;"> <caption>Circulating coins<sup id="cite_ref-newcoin_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newcoin-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-rbi_coins_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rbi_coins-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Value</th> <th colspan="4">Technical parameters</th> <th colspan="2">Description</th> <th colspan="2">Year of </th></tr> <tr> <th>Diameter</th> <th>Mass</th> <th>Composition</th> <th>Shape</th> <th>Obverse</th> <th>Reverse</th> <th>First minting</th> <th>Last minting </th></tr> <tr style="background-color:#dcdcdc;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Indian_50-paisa_coin" title="Indian 50-paisa coin">50 paise</a></td> <td>19 mm</td> <td>3.79 g</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ferritic_stainless_steel" title="Ferritic stainless steel">Ferritic stainless steel</a></td> <td>Circular</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Emblem of India">Emblem of India</a></td> <td>Value, the word "<a href="/wiki/Paisa" title="Paisa">PAISE</a>" in English and Hindi, floral motif and year of minting</td> <td>2011</td> <td>2016 </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#dcdcdc;"> <td>50 paise</td> <td>22 mm</td> <td>3.79 g</td> <td>Ferritic stainless steel</td> <td>Circular</td> <td>Emblem of India</td> <td>Value, hand in a fist</td> <td>2008</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#dcdcdc;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Indian_1-rupee_coin" title="Indian 1-rupee coin"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>1</a></td> <td>25 mm</td> <td>4.85 g</td> <td>Ferritic stainless steel</td> <td>Circular</td> <td>Emblem of India, value</td> <td>Value, two stalks of <a href="/wiki/Wheat" title="Wheat">wheat</a></td> <td>1992</td> <td>2004 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>1 </td> <td>25 mm </td> <td>4.95 g </td> <td>Ferritic stainless steel </td> <td>Circular </td> <td>Unity from diversity, cross dividing 4 dots </td> <td>Value, Emblem of India, Year of minting </td> <td>2004 </td> <td>2007 </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#dcdcdc;"> <td><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>1</td> <td>25 mm</td> <td>4.85 g</td> <td>Ferritic stainless steel</td> <td>Circular</td> <td>Emblem of India</td> <td>Value, hand showing thumb (an expression in the <a href="/wiki/Bharatanatyam" title="Bharatanatyam">Bharata Natyam</a> Dance)</td> <td>2007</td> <td>2011 </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#dcdcdc;"> <td><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>1</td> <td>22 mm</td> <td>3.79 g</td> <td>Ferritic stainless steel</td> <td>Circular</td> <td>Emblem of India</td> <td>Value, new rupee sign, floral motif and year of minting</td> <td>2011</td> <td>2018 </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#dcdcdc;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Indian_2-rupee_coin" title="Indian 2-rupee coin"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>2</a></td> <td>26 mm</td> <td>6 g</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cupronickel" title="Cupronickel">Cupro-Nickel</a></td> <td>Eleven-sided</td> <td>Emblem of India, Value</td> <td>National integration</td> <td>1982</td> <td>2004 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>2 </td> <td>26.75 mm </td> <td>5.8 g </td> <td>Ferritic stainless steel </td> <td>Circular </td> <td>Unity from diversity, cross dividing 4 dots </td> <td>Value, Emblem of India, Year of minting </td> <td>2005 </td> <td>2007 </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#dcdcdc;"> <td><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>2</td> <td>27 mm</td> <td>5.62 g</td> <td>Ferritic stainless steel</td> <td>Circular</td> <td>Emblem of India, year of minting</td> <td>Value, hand showing two fingers (Hasta Mudra – hand gesture from the dance Bharata Natyam)</td> <td>2007</td> <td>2011 </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#dcdcdc;"> <td><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>2</td> <td>25 mm</td> <td>4.85 g</td> <td>Ferritic stainless steel</td> <td>Circular</td> <td>Emblem of India</td> <td>Value, new rupee sign, floral motif and year of minting</td> <td>2011</td> <td>2018 </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#dcdcdc;"> <td><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>2</td> <td>23 mm</td> <td>4.07 g</td> <td>Ferritic stainless steel</td> <td>Circular</td> <td>Emblem of India</td> <td>Value, rupee sign, year of issue, grains depicting the agricultural dominance of the country</td> <td>2019</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#dcdcdc;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Indian_5-rupee_coin" title="Indian 5-rupee coin"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>5</a></td> <td>23 mm</td> <td>9 g</td> <td>Cupro-Nickel</td> <td>Circular</td> <td>Emblem of India</td> <td>Value</td> <td>1992</td> <td>2006 </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#dcdcdc;"> <td><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>5</td> <td>23 mm</td> <td>6 g</td> <td>Ferritic stainless steel</td> <td>Circular</td> <td>Emblem of India</td> <td>Value, wavy lines</td> <td>2007</td> <td>2009 </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#dcdcdc;"> <td><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>5</td> <td>23 mm</td> <td>6 g</td> <td>Brass</td> <td>Circular</td> <td>Emblem of India</td> <td>Value, wavy lines</td> <td>2009</td> <td>2011 </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#dcdcdc;"> <td><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>5</td> <td>23 mm</td> <td>6 g</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nickel_silver" title="Nickel silver">Nickel-Brass</a></td> <td>Circular</td> <td>Emblem of India</td> <td>Value, new rupee sign, floral motif and year of minting</td> <td>2011</td> <td>2018 </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#dcdcdc;"> <td><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>5</td> <td>25 mm</td> <td>6.74 g</td> <td>Nickel-Brass</td> <td>Circular</td> <td>Emblem of India</td> <td>Value, rupee sign, year of issue, grains depicting the agricultural dominance of the country</td> <td>2019</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#dcdcdc;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Indian_10-rupee_coin" title="Indian 10-rupee coin"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>10</a></td> <td>27 mm</td> <td>7.62 g</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bi-metallic_coin" title="Bi-metallic coin">Bimetallic</a></td> <td>Circular</td> <td>Emblem of India and year of minting </td> <td>Value with outward radiating pattern of 15 spokes</td> <td>2006</td> <td>2010 </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#dcdcdc;"> <td><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>10</td> <td>27 mm</td> <td>7.62 g</td> <td>Bimetallic</td> <td>Circular</td> <td>Emblem of India and year of minting</td> <td>Value with an outward radiating pattern of 10 spokes, new rupee sign</td> <td>2011</td> <td>2018 </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#dcdcdc;"> <td><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>10</td> <td>27 mm</td> <td>7.74 g</td> <td>Bimetallic</td> <td>Circular</td> <td>Emblem of India</td> <td>Value, rupee sign, year of issue, grains depicting the agricultural dominance of the country</td> <td>2019</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#dcdcdc;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Indian_20-rupee_coin" title="Indian 20-rupee coin"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>20</a></td> <td>27 mm</td> <td>8.54 g</td> <td>Bimetallic</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dodecagon" title="Dodecagon">Dodecagonal</a></td> <td>Emblem of India</td> <td>Value, rupee sign, year of issue, grains depicting the agricultural dominance of the country</td> <td>2020</td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The coins are minted at the four locations of the <a href="/wiki/India_Government_Mint" title="India Government Mint">India Government Mint</a>. The <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>1, <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>2, and <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>5 coins have been minted since independence. The Government of India is set to introduce a new <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>20 coin with a dodecagonal shape, and like the <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>10 coin, also bi-metallic, along with new designs for the new versions of the <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>1, <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>2, <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>5 and <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>10 coins, which was announced on 6 March 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Minting">Minting</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_rupee&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Minting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/India_Government_Mint" title="India Government Mint">India Government Mint</a> and <a href="/wiki/Security_Printing_and_Minting_Corporation_of_India" title="Security Printing and Minting Corporation of India">Security Printing and Minting Corporation of India</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BOMBAY_MINT_Post_Card.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/BOMBAY_MINT_Post_Card.jpg/220px-BOMBAY_MINT_Post_Card.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/BOMBAY_MINT_Post_Card.jpg/330px-BOMBAY_MINT_Post_Card.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/BOMBAY_MINT_Post_Card.jpg/440px-BOMBAY_MINT_Post_Card.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="313" /></a><figcaption>A postcard depicting the <a href="/wiki/India_Government_Mint,_Mumbai" title="India Government Mint, Mumbai">Bombay Mint</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Government of India</a> has the only right to mint the coins and one rupee note. The responsibility for coinage comes under the Coinage Act, 1906 which is amended from time to time. The designing and minting of coins in various denominations is also the responsibility of the Government of India. Coins are minted at the four <a href="/wiki/India_Government_Mint" title="India Government Mint">India Government Mints</a> at <a href="/wiki/India_Government_Mint,_Mumbai" title="India Government Mint, Mumbai">Mumbai</a>, <a href="/wiki/India_Government_Mint,_Kolkata" title="India Government Mint, Kolkata">Kolkata</a>, <a href="/wiki/India_Government_Mint,_Hyderabad" title="India Government Mint, Hyderabad">Hyderabad</a>, and <a href="/wiki/India_Government_Mint,_Noida" title="India Government Mint, Noida">Noida</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The coins are issued for circulation only through the <a href="/wiki/Reserve_Bank_of_India" title="Reserve Bank of India">Reserve Bank</a> in terms of the <a href="/wiki/Reserve_Bank_of_India_Act,_1934" title="Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934">RBI Act</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Commemorative_coins">Commemorative coins</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_rupee&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Commemorative coins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Commemorative_coins_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Commemorative coins of India">Commemorative coins of India</a></div> <p>After independence, the <a href="/wiki/India_Government_Mint" title="India Government Mint">Government of India Mint</a>, minted <a href="/wiki/Numismatics" title="Numismatics">numismatics</a> coins imprinted with Indian statesmen, historical and religious figures. In the years 2010 and 2011, for the first time ever, <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>75, <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>150 and <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>1000 coins were minted in India to commemorate the Platinum Jubilee of the <a href="/wiki/Reserve_Bank_of_India" title="Reserve Bank of India">Reserve Bank of India</a>, the 150th birth anniversary of the birth of <a href="/wiki/Rabindranath_Tagore" title="Rabindranath Tagore">Rabindranath Tagore</a> and 1000 years of the <a href="/wiki/Brihadeeswarar_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Brihadeeswarar Temple">Brihadeeswarar Temple</a>, respectively. In 2012, a <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>60 piececoins was also issued to commemorate 60 years of the Government of India Mint, Kolkata. <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span><a href="/wiki/Indian_100-rupee_coin" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian 100-rupee coin">100 coin</a> was also released commemorating the 100th anniversary of <a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a>'s return to India.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Commemorative_coin" title="Commemorative coin">Commemorative coins</a> of <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>125 were released on 4 September 2015 and 6 December 2015 to honour the 125th anniversary of the births of <a href="/wiki/Sarvepalli_Radhakrishnan" title="Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan">Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan</a> and <a href="/wiki/B._R._Ambedkar" title="B. R. Ambedkar">B. R. Ambedkar</a>, respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pre-independence_issues">Pre-independence issues</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_rupee&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Pre-independence issues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Coins_of_British_India" title="Coins of British India">Coins of British India</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Indian_rupee" title="Special:EditPage/Indian rupee">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2016</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:India_1835_2_Mohurs.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/India_1835_2_Mohurs.jpg/220px-India_1835_2_Mohurs.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/India_1835_2_Mohurs.jpg/330px-India_1835_2_Mohurs.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/India_1835_2_Mohurs.jpg/440px-India_1835_2_Mohurs.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5752" data-file-height="2923" /></a><figcaption>1835 <a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">East India Company</a> 2 <a href="/wiki/Mohur" title="Mohur">Mohurs</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rupee,_1840_-_British_India,_Victoria.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Rupee%2C_1840_-_British_India%2C_Victoria.jpg/225px-Rupee%2C_1840_-_British_India%2C_Victoria.jpg" decoding="async" width="225" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Rupee%2C_1840_-_British_India%2C_Victoria.jpg/338px-Rupee%2C_1840_-_British_India%2C_Victoria.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Rupee%2C_1840_-_British_India%2C_Victoria.jpg/450px-Rupee%2C_1840_-_British_India%2C_Victoria.jpg 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="501" /></a><figcaption>1840 <a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">East India Company</a> rupee. It was minted in <a href="/wiki/Bombay" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombay">Bombay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Calcutta" class="mw-redirect" title="Calcutta">Calcutta</a> and <a href="/wiki/Madras" class="mw-redirect" title="Madras">Madras</a></figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:224px;max-width:224px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader">Indian rupee (from 1862)</div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:110px;max-width:110px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:India_1_Rupee_1884_Victoria(obv)-4037.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="India 1 rupee 1884 Victoria (obverse)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/India_1_Rupee_1884_Victoria%28obv%29-4037.jpg/108px-India_1_Rupee_1884_Victoria%28obv%29-4037.jpg" decoding="async" width="108" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/India_1_Rupee_1884_Victoria%28obv%29-4037.jpg/162px-India_1_Rupee_1884_Victoria%28obv%29-4037.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/India_1_Rupee_1884_Victoria%28obv%29-4037.jpg/216px-India_1_Rupee_1884_Victoria%28obv%29-4037.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3188" data-file-height="3188" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><b>Obverse</b>: Crowned bust of <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:110px;max-width:110px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:India_1_Rupee_1884_Victoria(rev)-4038.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="India 1 rupee 1884 Victoria (reverse)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/India_1_Rupee_1884_Victoria%28rev%29-4038.jpg/108px-India_1_Rupee_1884_Victoria%28rev%29-4038.jpg" decoding="async" width="108" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/India_1_Rupee_1884_Victoria%28rev%29-4038.jpg/162px-India_1_Rupee_1884_Victoria%28rev%29-4038.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/India_1_Rupee_1884_Victoria%28rev%29-4038.jpg/216px-India_1_Rupee_1884_Victoria%28rev%29-4038.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3188" data-file-height="3188" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><b>Reverse</b>: Face value, country and year of issue</div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Coin made of 91.7% silver</div></div></div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:India_1862_One_Mohur.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/India_1862_One_Mohur.jpg/220px-India_1862_One_Mohur.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/India_1862_One_Mohur.jpg/330px-India_1862_One_Mohur.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/India_1862_One_Mohur.jpg/440px-India_1862_One_Mohur.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4954" data-file-height="2500" /></a><figcaption>1862 Indian One <a href="/wiki/Mohur" title="Mohur">Mohur</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Silver_rupee_of_Sayaji_Rao_III_of_Baroda.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Silver_rupee_of_Sayaji_Rao_III_of_Baroda.jpg/220px-Silver_rupee_of_Sayaji_Rao_III_of_Baroda.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Silver_rupee_of_Sayaji_Rao_III_of_Baroda.jpg/330px-Silver_rupee_of_Sayaji_Rao_III_of_Baroda.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Silver_rupee_of_Sayaji_Rao_III_of_Baroda.jpg/440px-Silver_rupee_of_Sayaji_Rao_III_of_Baroda.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2337" data-file-height="1169" /></a><figcaption>Silver Rupee of <a href="/wiki/Sayajirao_Gaekwad_III" title="Sayajirao Gaekwad III">Sayajirao Gaekwad III</a> of <a href="/wiki/Baroda_State" title="Baroda State">Baroda State</a> (ruled 1875–1939), showing his profile. This coin is dated 1955 in the <a href="/wiki/Vikrami_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Vikrami calendar">Vikrami calendar</a> (1897 CE)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:INDIAGeorge_V_King_Emperor.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/INDIAGeorge_V_King_Emperor.jpg/220px-INDIAGeorge_V_King_Emperor.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/INDIAGeorge_V_King_Emperor.jpg/330px-INDIAGeorge_V_King_Emperor.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/INDIAGeorge_V_King_Emperor.jpg/440px-INDIAGeorge_V_King_Emperor.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption>Regal issue minted during the reign of <a href="/wiki/George_V_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="George V of the United Kingdom">King/Emperor George V</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1_Indian_rupee_coin,_1947.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/1_Indian_rupee_coin%2C_1947.jpg/220px-1_Indian_rupee_coin%2C_1947.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/1_Indian_rupee_coin%2C_1947.jpg/330px-1_Indian_rupee_coin%2C_1947.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/1_Indian_rupee_coin%2C_1947.jpg/440px-1_Indian_rupee_coin%2C_1947.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3232" data-file-height="1648" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Indian_1-rupee_coin" title="Indian 1-rupee coin">1 Indian rupee</a> (1947) featuring <a href="/wiki/George_VI" title="George VI">George VI</a> on obverse and <a href="/wiki/Indian_Lion" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Lion">Indian Lion</a> on reverse</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_one_pice_minted_in_1950.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Both sides of copper-coloured coin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Indian_one_pice_minted_in_1950.jpg/220px-Indian_one_pice_minted_in_1950.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Indian_one_pice_minted_in_1950.jpg/330px-Indian_one_pice_minted_in_1950.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Indian_one_pice_minted_in_1950.jpg/440px-Indian_one_pice_minted_in_1950.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4096" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Indian_1-paisa_coin" title="Indian 1-paisa coin">Indian one pice</a>, minted in 1950</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1_Indian_rupee_(1905).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/1_Indian_rupee_%281905%29.jpg/220px-1_Indian_rupee_%281905%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/1_Indian_rupee_%281905%29.jpg/330px-1_Indian_rupee_%281905%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/1_Indian_rupee_%281905%29.jpg/440px-1_Indian_rupee_%281905%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4072" data-file-height="2064" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Indian_1-rupee_coin" title="Indian 1-rupee coin">1 Indian rupee</a> (1905) featuring <a href="/wiki/Edward_VII" title="Edward VII">Edward VII</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hyderabad_-_One_Rupee_-_Mahboob_Ali_Khan_-_1329_AH_Silver_-_Kolkata_2016-06-28_5271-5272.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Hyderabad_-_One_Rupee_-_Mahboob_Ali_Khan_-_1329_AH_Silver_-_Kolkata_2016-06-28_5271-5272.png/220px-Hyderabad_-_One_Rupee_-_Mahboob_Ali_Khan_-_1329_AH_Silver_-_Kolkata_2016-06-28_5271-5272.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Hyderabad_-_One_Rupee_-_Mahboob_Ali_Khan_-_1329_AH_Silver_-_Kolkata_2016-06-28_5271-5272.png/330px-Hyderabad_-_One_Rupee_-_Mahboob_Ali_Khan_-_1329_AH_Silver_-_Kolkata_2016-06-28_5271-5272.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Hyderabad_-_One_Rupee_-_Mahboob_Ali_Khan_-_1329_AH_Silver_-_Kolkata_2016-06-28_5271-5272.png/440px-Hyderabad_-_One_Rupee_-_Mahboob_Ali_Khan_-_1329_AH_Silver_-_Kolkata_2016-06-28_5271-5272.png 2x" data-file-width="5400" data-file-height="2700" /></a><figcaption>One Rupee coin issued by <a href="/wiki/Mahbub_Ali_Khan,_Asaf_Jah_VI" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahbub Ali Khan, Asaf Jah VI">Mir Mahbub Ali Khan</a> of <a href="/wiki/Hyderabad_State" title="Hyderabad State">Hyderabad State</a>, 1329 <a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">AH</a> (1911)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1_Indian_rupee_(1918).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/1_Indian_rupee_%281918%29.jpg/220px-1_Indian_rupee_%281918%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/1_Indian_rupee_%281918%29.jpg/330px-1_Indian_rupee_%281918%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/1_Indian_rupee_%281918%29.jpg/440px-1_Indian_rupee_%281918%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4024" data-file-height="2056" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Indian_1-rupee_coin" title="Indian 1-rupee coin">1 Indian rupee</a> (1918) featuring <a href="/wiki/George_V" title="George V">George V</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="East_India_Company,_1835"><span id="East_India_Company.2C_1835"></span>East India Company, 1835</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_rupee&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: East India Company, 1835"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The three <a href="/wiki/Presidencies_and_provinces_of_British_India" title="Presidencies and provinces of British India">Presidencies</a> established by the British <a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">East India Company</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bengal_Presidency" title="Bengal Presidency">Bengal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bombay_Presidency" title="Bombay Presidency">Bombay</a> and <a href="/wiki/Madras_Presidency" title="Madras Presidency">Madras</a>) each issued their <a href="/wiki/Coins_of_British_India" title="Coins of British India">own coinages</a> until 1835. All three issued rupees and fractions thereof down to <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">8</span></span>- and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">16</span></span>-rupee in silver. Madras also issued two-rupee coins. </p><p>Copper denominations were more varied. Bengal issued one-<a href="/wiki/Indian_pie" title="Indian pie">pie</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span>-, one- and two-<a href="/wiki/Paisa" title="Paisa">paise</a> coins. Bombay issued 1-pie, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span>-, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span>-, 1-, 1<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span>-, 2- and 4-paise coins. In Madras, there were copper coins for two and four pies and one, two and four paise, with the first two denominated as <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> and one dub (or <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">96</span></span> and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">48</span></span>) rupee. Madras also issued the <a href="/wiki/Madras_fanam" title="Madras fanam">Madras fanam</a> until 1815. </p><p>All three Presidencies issued gold <a href="/wiki/Mohur" title="Mohur">mohurs</a> and fractions of mohurs including <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">16</span></span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span> in Bengal, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">15</span></span> (a gold rupee) and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">3</span></span> (pancia) in Bombay and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">3</span></span> and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> in Madras. </p><p>In 1835, a single coinage for the <a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">EIC</a> was introduced. It consisted of copper <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">12</span></span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span> and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> <a href="/wiki/Indian_anna" title="Indian anna">anna</a>, silver <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">3</span></span> and 1 rupee and gold 1 and 2 mohurs. In 1841, silver 2 annas were added, followed by copper <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> <a href="/wiki/Indian_pice" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian pice">pice</a> in 1853. The coinage of the EIC continued to be issued until 1862, even after the company had been <a href="/wiki/Crown_rule_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Crown rule in India">taken over by the Crown</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Regal_issues,_1862–1947"><span id="Regal_issues.2C_1862.E2.80.931947"></span>Regal issues, 1862–1947</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_rupee&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Regal issues, 1862–1947"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1862, coins were introduced (known as "regal issues") which bore the profile of <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a> and the designation "India". Their denominations were <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">12</span></span> <a href="/wiki/Indian_anna" title="Indian anna">anna</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> <a href="/wiki/Indian_pice" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian pice">pice</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span> and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> anna (all in copper), 2 annas, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> and one rupee (silver),<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and five and ten rupees and one <a href="/wiki/Mohur" title="Mohur">mohur</a> (gold). The gold denominations ceased production in 1891, and no <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span>-anna coins were issued after 1877. </p><p>In 1906, bronze replaced copper for the lowest three denominations; in 1907, a <a href="/wiki/Cupronickel" title="Cupronickel">cupro-nickel</a> one-anna coin was introduced. In 1918–1919 cupro-nickel two-, four- and eight-annas were introduced, although the four- and eight-annas coins were only issued until 1921 and did not replace their silver equivalents. In 1918, the Bombay mint also struck <a href="/wiki/Gold_sovereign" class="mw-redirect" title="Gold sovereign">gold sovereigns</a> and 15-rupee coins identical in size to the sovereigns as an emergency measure during the First World War. </p><p>In the early 1940s, several changes were implemented. The <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">12</span></span> <a href="/wiki/Indian_anna" title="Indian anna">anna</a> and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> <a href="/wiki/Indian_pice" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian pice">pice</a> ceased production, the <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span> anna was changed to a bronze, <a href="/wiki/Holed_coin" class="mw-redirect" title="Holed coin">holed coin</a>, cupro-nickel and <a href="/wiki/Nickel_brass" class="mw-redirect" title="Nickel brass">nickel-brass</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span>-anna coins were introduced, nickel-brass was used to produce one- and two-annas coins, and the silver composition was reduced from 91.7 to 50 per cent. The last of the regal issues were cupro-nickel <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span>-, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span>- and one-rupee pieces minted in 1946 and 1947, bearing the image of <a href="/wiki/George_VI" title="George VI">George VI</a>, King and Emperor on the obverse and an <a href="/wiki/Indian_lion" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian lion">Indian lion</a> on the reverse. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Banknotes">Banknotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_rupee&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Banknotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-independence_issues_2">Post-independence issues</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_rupee&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Post-independence issues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Lion_Capital_Series" title="Lion Capital Series">Lion Capital Series</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/The_High_Denomination_Bank_Notes_(Demonetisation)_Act,_1978" title="The High Denomination Bank Notes (Demonetisation) Act, 1978">The High Denomination Bank Notes (Demonetisation) Act, 1978</a> and <a href="/wiki/2016_Indian_banknote_demonetisation" title="2016 Indian banknote demonetisation">2016 Indian banknote demonetisation</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:First_banknote_of_independent_India,_one_rupee,_1949.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/First_banknote_of_independent_India%2C_one_rupee%2C_1949.jpg/220px-First_banknote_of_independent_India%2C_one_rupee%2C_1949.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/First_banknote_of_independent_India%2C_one_rupee%2C_1949.jpg/330px-First_banknote_of_independent_India%2C_one_rupee%2C_1949.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/First_banknote_of_independent_India%2C_one_rupee%2C_1949.jpg/440px-First_banknote_of_independent_India%2C_one_rupee%2C_1949.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1198" data-file-height="744" /></a><figcaption>First banknote of <a href="/wiki/Independent_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent India">independent India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_1-rupee_note" title="Indian 1-rupee note">one rupee</a> (1949)</figcaption></figure> <p>After independence, new designs were introduced to replace the portrait of <a href="/wiki/George_VI" title="George VI">George VI</a>. The government continued issuing the <a href="/wiki/Indian_1-rupee_note" title="Indian 1-rupee note">₹1 note</a>, while the <a href="/wiki/Reserve_Bank_of_India" title="Reserve Bank of India">Reserve Bank of India</a> (RBI) issued other denominations (including the <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>5,000 and <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>10,000 notes introduced in 1949). All pre-independence banknotes were officially demonetised with effect from 28 April 1957.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the 1970s, <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span><a href="/wiki/Indian_20-rupee_note" title="Indian 20-rupee note">20</a> and <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span><a href="/wiki/Indian_50-rupee_note" title="Indian 50-rupee note">50 notes</a> were introduced; denominations higher than <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span><a href="/wiki/Indian_100-rupee_note" title="Indian 100-rupee note">100</a> were <a href="/wiki/The_High_Denomination_Bank_Notes_(Demonetisation)_Act,_1978" title="The High Denomination Bank Notes (Demonetisation) Act, 1978">demonetised in 1978</a>. In 1987, the <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span><a href="/wiki/Indian_500-rupee_note" title="Indian 500-rupee note">500 note</a> was introduced, followed by the <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span><a href="/wiki/Indian_1000-rupee_note" title="Indian 1000-rupee note">1,000 note</a> in 2000 while <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span><a href="/wiki/Indian_1-rupee_note" title="Indian 1-rupee note">1</a> and <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span><a href="/wiki/Indian_2-rupee_note" title="Indian 2-rupee note">2 notes</a> were discontinued in 1995. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:10_Rupees_banknotes_of_India.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/10_Rupees_banknotes_of_India.jpg/220px-10_Rupees_banknotes_of_India.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/10_Rupees_banknotes_of_India.jpg/330px-10_Rupees_banknotes_of_India.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/10_Rupees_banknotes_of_India.jpg/440px-10_Rupees_banknotes_of_India.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1468" data-file-height="680" /></a><figcaption>10-rupee banknote from the 1990s</figcaption></figure> <p>The design of banknotes is approved by the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">central government</a>, on the recommendation of the central board of the <a href="/wiki/Reserve_Bank_of_India" title="Reserve Bank of India">Reserve Bank of India</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-rbi_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rbi-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Currency notes are printed at the Currency Note Press in <a href="/wiki/Nashik" title="Nashik">Nashik</a>, the Bank Note Press in <a href="/wiki/Dewas" title="Dewas">Dewas</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Reserve_Bank_Note_Mudran" title="Bharatiya Reserve Bank Note Mudran">Bharatiya Reserve Bank Note Mudran</a> (P) Ltd at <a href="/wiki/Salboni" title="Salboni">Salboni</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mysore" title="Mysore">Mysore</a> and at the Watermark Paper Manufacturing Mill in Narmadapuram. The <a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi_Series" title="Mahatma Gandhi Series">Mahatma Gandhi Series</a> of banknotes are issued by the Reserve Bank of India as legal tender. The series is so named because the obverse of each note features a portrait of <a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a>. Since its introduction in 1996, this series has replaced all issued banknotes of the <a href="/wiki/Lion_Capital_Series" title="Lion Capital Series">Lion Capital Series</a>. The RBI introduced the series in 1996 with <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span><a href="/wiki/Indian_10-rupee_note" title="Indian 10-rupee note">10</a> and <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>500 banknotes. The printing of <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span><a href="/wiki/Indian_5-rupee_note" title="Indian 5-rupee note">5 notes</a> (which had stopped earlier) resumed in 2009. </p><p>As of January 2012, the new <a href="/wiki/Indian_rupee_sign" title="Indian rupee sign">'<span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>' sign</a> has been incorporated into banknotes of the <a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi_Series" title="Mahatma Gandhi Series">Mahatma Gandhi Series</a> in denominations of <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>10, <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>20, <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>50, <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>100, <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>500 and <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>1,000.<sup id="cite_ref-10notes_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10notes-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-500notes_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-500notes-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-1000notes_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1000notes-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-100notes_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100notes-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In January 2014 RBI announced that it would be withdrawing from circulation all currency notes printed prior to 2005 by 31 March 2014. The deadline was later extended to 1 January 2015. The deadline was further extended to 30 June 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 8 November 2016, the RBI announced the issuance of new <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>500 banknotes in a new series after <a href="/wiki/2016_Indian_banknote_demonetisation" title="2016 Indian banknote demonetisation">demonetisation of the older <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>500 and <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>1000 notes</a>. The new <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>500 banknote has a stone-grey base colour with an image of the <a href="/wiki/Red_Fort" title="Red Fort">Red Fort</a> along with the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_India" title="Flag of India">Indian flag</a> printed on the back. Both the banknotes also have the <a href="/wiki/Swachh_Bharat_Abhiyan" class="mw-redirect" title="Swachh Bharat Abhiyan">Swachh Bharat Abhiyan</a> logo printed on the back. The banknote denominations of <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span><a href="/wiki/Indian_200-rupee_note" title="Indian 200-rupee note">200</a>, <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>100 and <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>50 have also been introduced in the new <a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi_New_Series" title="Mahatma Gandhi New Series">Mahatma Gandhi New Series</a> intended to replace all banknotes of the previous <a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi_Series" title="Mahatma Gandhi Series">Mahatma Gandhi Series</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-new_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-new-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 13 June 2017, RBI introduced new <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>50 notes, but the old ones continue being legal tender. The design is similar to the current notes in the Mahatma Gandhi (New) Series, except they will come with an inset 'A'. </p><p>On 8 November 2016, the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Government of India</a> announced <a href="/wiki/2016_Indian_banknote_demonetisation" title="2016 Indian banknote demonetisation">the demonetisation of <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>500 and <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>1,000 banknotes</a><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with effect from midnight of the same day, making these notes invalid.<sup id="cite_ref-rbi-demonetise_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rbi-demonetise-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A newly <a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi_New_Series" title="Mahatma Gandhi New Series">redesigned series</a> of <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span><a href="/wiki/Indian_500-rupee_note" title="Indian 500-rupee note">500 banknote</a>, in addition to a new denomination of <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span><a href="/wiki/Indian_2000-rupee_note" title="Indian 2000-rupee note">2,000 banknote</a> is in circulation since 10 November 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-rbi-500-new_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rbi-500-new-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-rbi-2000-new_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rbi-2000-new-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 2017 to 2019, the remaining banknotes of the <a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi_New_Series" title="Mahatma Gandhi New Series">Mahatma Gandhi New Series</a> were released in denominations of <a href="/wiki/Indian_10-rupee_note" title="Indian 10-rupee note"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>10</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_20-rupee_note" title="Indian 20-rupee note"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>20</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_50-rupee_note" title="Indian 50-rupee note"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>50</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_100-rupee_note" title="Indian 100-rupee note"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>100</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indian_200-rupee_note" title="Indian 200-rupee note"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>200</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span><a href="/wiki/Indian_1000-rupee_note" title="Indian 1000-rupee note">1,000 note</a> has been suspended.<sup id="cite_ref-new_68-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-new-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Current_circulating_banknotes">Current circulating banknotes</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_rupee&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Current circulating banknotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi_Series" title="Mahatma Gandhi Series">Mahatma Gandhi Series</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi_New_Series" title="Mahatma Gandhi New Series">Mahatma Gandhi New Series</a></div> <p>As of 20 May 2023, current circulating banknotes are in denominations of <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span><a href="/wiki/Indian_5-rupee_note" title="Indian 5-rupee note">5</a>, <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span><a href="/wiki/Indian_10-rupee_note" title="Indian 10-rupee note">10</a>, <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span><a href="/wiki/Indian_20-rupee_note" title="Indian 20-rupee note">20</a>, <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span><a href="/wiki/Indian_50-rupee_note" title="Indian 50-rupee note">50</a> and <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span><a href="/wiki/Indian_100-rupee_note" title="Indian 100-rupee note">100</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi_Series" title="Mahatma Gandhi Series">Mahatma Gandhi Series</a> and in denominations of ₹10, ₹20,<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ₹50, <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>100, <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span><a href="/wiki/Indian_200-rupee_note" title="Indian 200-rupee note">200</a>, <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span><a href="/wiki/Indian_500-rupee_note" title="Indian 500-rupee note">500</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi_New_Series" title="Mahatma Gandhi New Series">Mahatma Gandhi New Series</a>. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Image</th> <th rowspan="2">Value</th> <th rowspan="2">Dimensions</th> <th rowspan="2">Main colour</th> <th colspan="3">Description</th> <th rowspan="2">Date of issue</th> <th rowspan="2">Circulation </th></tr> <tr> <th>Obverse</th> <th>Reverse</th> <th>Obverse</th> <th>Reverse</th> <th>Watermark </th></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_1_Rupee_2020_Front.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Indian_1_Rupee_2020_Front.jpg/97px-Indian_1_Rupee_2020_Front.jpg" decoding="async" width="97" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Indian_1_Rupee_2020_Front.jpg/146px-Indian_1_Rupee_2020_Front.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Indian_1_Rupee_2020_Front.jpg/194px-Indian_1_Rupee_2020_Front.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1141" data-file-height="736" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_1_Rupee_2020_Reverse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Indian_1_Rupee_2020_Reverse.jpg/97px-Indian_1_Rupee_2020_Reverse.jpg" decoding="async" width="97" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Indian_1_Rupee_2020_Reverse.jpg/146px-Indian_1_Rupee_2020_Reverse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Indian_1_Rupee_2020_Reverse.jpg/194px-Indian_1_Rupee_2020_Reverse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1143" data-file-height="744" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Indian_1-rupee_note" title="Indian 1-rupee note">₹1</a> </td> <td>97 mm × 63 mm </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_pink" title="Shades of pink">Pink</a> </td> <td>New ₹1 coin </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mercator_(company)#Sagar_Samrat" title="Mercator (company)">Sagar Samrat oil rig</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/State_Emblem_of_India" title="State Emblem of India">National Emblem of India</a> </td> <td>2020 </td> <td>Limited </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:5_Rupees_(Obverse).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/5_Rupees_%28Obverse%29.jpg/117px-5_Rupees_%28Obverse%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="117" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/5_Rupees_%28Obverse%29.jpg/176px-5_Rupees_%28Obverse%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/5_Rupees_%28Obverse%29.jpg/234px-5_Rupees_%28Obverse%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1364" data-file-height="720" /></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:5_Rupees_(Reverse).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/5_Rupees_%28Reverse%29.jpg/117px-5_Rupees_%28Reverse%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="117" height="61" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/5_Rupees_%28Reverse%29.jpg/176px-5_Rupees_%28Reverse%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/5_Rupees_%28Reverse%29.jpg/234px-5_Rupees_%28Reverse%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1372" data-file-height="716" /></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Indian_5-rupee_note" title="Indian 5-rupee note"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>5</a></td> <td>117 mm × 63 mm</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Green" title="Green">Green</a></td> <td rowspan="7"><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tractor" title="Tractor">Tractor</a></td> <td rowspan="7">Mahatma Gandhi and<br />electrotype denomination</td> <td>2002 / 2009</td> <td>Limited </td></tr> </tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <caption>New series banknotes </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Image</th> <th rowspan="2">Value</th> <th rowspan="2">Dimensions</th> <th rowspan="2">Main colour</th> <th colspan="3">Description</th> <th rowspan="2">Date of issue</th> <th rowspan="2">Circulation </th></tr> <tr> <th>Obverse</th> <th>Reverse</th> <th>Obverse</th> <th>Reverse</th> <th>Watermark </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:India_new_10_INR,_MG_series,_2018,_obverse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/India_new_10_INR%2C_MG_series%2C_2018%2C_obverse.jpg/122px-India_new_10_INR%2C_MG_series%2C_2018%2C_obverse.jpg" decoding="async" width="122" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/India_new_10_INR%2C_MG_series%2C_2018%2C_obverse.jpg/183px-India_new_10_INR%2C_MG_series%2C_2018%2C_obverse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/India_new_10_INR%2C_MG_series%2C_2018%2C_obverse.jpg/244px-India_new_10_INR%2C_MG_series%2C_2018%2C_obverse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1164" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:India_new_10_INR,_MG_series,_2018,_reverse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/India_new_10_INR%2C_MG_series%2C_2018%2C_reverse.jpg/122px-India_new_10_INR%2C_MG_series%2C_2018%2C_reverse.jpg" decoding="async" width="122" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/India_new_10_INR%2C_MG_series%2C_2018%2C_reverse.jpg/183px-India_new_10_INR%2C_MG_series%2C_2018%2C_reverse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/India_new_10_INR%2C_MG_series%2C_2018%2C_reverse.jpg/244px-India_new_10_INR%2C_MG_series%2C_2018%2C_reverse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1366" data-file-height="705" /></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Indian_10-rupee_note" title="Indian 10-rupee note"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>10</a></td> <td>123 mm × 63 mm</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_brown#Brown" title="Shades of brown">Brown</a></td> <td rowspan="7"><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Konark_Sun_Temple" title="Konark Sun Temple">Konark Sun Temple</a></td> <td rowspan="7">Mahatma Gandhi and<br />electrotype denomination</td> <td>2017</td> <td>Wide </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:India_new_20_INR,_MG_series,_2019,_obverse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/India_new_20_INR%2C_MG_series%2C_2019%2C_obverse.jpg/130px-India_new_20_INR%2C_MG_series%2C_2019%2C_obverse.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/India_new_20_INR%2C_MG_series%2C_2019%2C_obverse.jpg/195px-India_new_20_INR%2C_MG_series%2C_2019%2C_obverse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/India_new_20_INR%2C_MG_series%2C_2019%2C_obverse.jpg/260px-India_new_20_INR%2C_MG_series%2C_2019%2C_obverse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="547" data-file-height="274" /></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:India_new_20_INR,_MG_series,_2019,_reverse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/India_new_20_INR%2C_MG_series%2C_2019%2C_reverse.jpg/130px-India_new_20_INR%2C_MG_series%2C_2019%2C_reverse.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/India_new_20_INR%2C_MG_series%2C_2019%2C_reverse.jpg/195px-India_new_20_INR%2C_MG_series%2C_2019%2C_reverse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/India_new_20_INR%2C_MG_series%2C_2019%2C_reverse.jpg/260px-India_new_20_INR%2C_MG_series%2C_2019%2C_reverse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="554" data-file-height="277" /></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Indian_20-rupee_note" title="Indian 20-rupee note"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>20</a></td> <td>129 mm × 63 mm</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_yellow" title="Shades of yellow">Yellow</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ellora_Caves" title="Ellora Caves">Ellora Caves</a></td> <td>2019</td> <td>Wide </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:India_new_50_INR,_MG_series,_2018,_obverse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/India_new_50_INR%2C_MG_series%2C_2018%2C_obverse.jpg/139px-India_new_50_INR%2C_MG_series%2C_2018%2C_obverse.jpg" decoding="async" width="139" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/India_new_50_INR%2C_MG_series%2C_2018%2C_obverse.jpg/209px-India_new_50_INR%2C_MG_series%2C_2018%2C_obverse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/India_new_50_INR%2C_MG_series%2C_2018%2C_obverse.jpg/278px-India_new_50_INR%2C_MG_series%2C_2018%2C_obverse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1167" data-file-height="495" /></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:India_new_50_INR,_MG_series,_2018,_reverse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/India_new_50_INR%2C_MG_series%2C_2018%2C_reverse.jpg/139px-India_new_50_INR%2C_MG_series%2C_2018%2C_reverse.jpg" decoding="async" width="139" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/India_new_50_INR%2C_MG_series%2C_2018%2C_reverse.jpg/209px-India_new_50_INR%2C_MG_series%2C_2018%2C_reverse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/India_new_50_INR%2C_MG_series%2C_2018%2C_reverse.jpg/278px-India_new_50_INR%2C_MG_series%2C_2018%2C_reverse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1169" data-file-height="496" /></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Indian_50-rupee_note" title="Indian 50-rupee note"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>50</a></td> <td>135 mm × 66 mm</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cyan" title="Cyan">Cyan</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hampi" title="Hampi">Hampi</a> with <a href="/wiki/Chariot" title="Chariot">Chariot</a></td> <td>2017</td> <td>Wide </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:100_rs_note_obverse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/100_rs_note_obverse.jpg/147px-100_rs_note_obverse.jpg" decoding="async" width="147" height="69" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/100_rs_note_obverse.jpg/221px-100_rs_note_obverse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/100_rs_note_obverse.jpg/294px-100_rs_note_obverse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="631" data-file-height="295" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:100_rs_note_reverse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/100_rs_note_reverse.jpg/147px-100_rs_note_reverse.jpg" decoding="async" width="147" height="69" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/100_rs_note_reverse.jpg/221px-100_rs_note_reverse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/100_rs_note_reverse.jpg/294px-100_rs_note_reverse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="631" data-file-height="295" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Indian_100-rupee_note" title="Indian 100-rupee note"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>100</a> </td> <td>142 mm × 66 mm </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lavender_(color)" title="Lavender (color)">Lavender</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rani_ki_vav" class="mw-redirect" title="Rani ki vav">Rani ki vav</a> </td> <td>2018 </td> <td>Wide </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:India,_200_INR,_2018,_obverse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/India%2C_200_INR%2C_2018%2C_obverse.jpg/154px-India%2C_200_INR%2C_2018%2C_obverse.jpg" decoding="async" width="154" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/India%2C_200_INR%2C_2018%2C_obverse.jpg/231px-India%2C_200_INR%2C_2018%2C_obverse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/India%2C_200_INR%2C_2018%2C_obverse.jpg/308px-India%2C_200_INR%2C_2018%2C_obverse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1166" data-file-height="497" /></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:India,_200_INR,_2018,_reverse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/India%2C_200_INR%2C_2018%2C_reverse.jpg/154px-India%2C_200_INR%2C_2018%2C_reverse.jpg" decoding="async" width="154" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/India%2C_200_INR%2C_2018%2C_reverse.jpg/231px-India%2C_200_INR%2C_2018%2C_reverse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/India%2C_200_INR%2C_2018%2C_reverse.jpg/308px-India%2C_200_INR%2C_2018%2C_reverse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1167" data-file-height="496" /></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Indian_200-rupee_note" title="Indian 200-rupee note"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>200</a></td> <td>146 mm × 66 mm</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_orange#Orange" title="Shades of orange">Orange</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sanchi_Stupa" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanchi Stupa">Sanchi Stupa</a></td> <td>2017</td> <td>Wide </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:India_new_500_INR,_MG_series,_2016,_obverse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/India_new_500_INR%2C_MG_series%2C_2016%2C_obverse.jpg/160px-India_new_500_INR%2C_MG_series%2C_2016%2C_obverse.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/India_new_500_INR%2C_MG_series%2C_2016%2C_obverse.jpg/240px-India_new_500_INR%2C_MG_series%2C_2016%2C_obverse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/India_new_500_INR%2C_MG_series%2C_2016%2C_obverse.jpg/320px-India_new_500_INR%2C_MG_series%2C_2016%2C_obverse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1162" data-file-height="487" /></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:India_new_500_INR,_MG_series,_2016,_reverse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/India_new_500_INR%2C_MG_series%2C_2016%2C_reverse.jpg/160px-India_new_500_INR%2C_MG_series%2C_2016%2C_reverse.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/India_new_500_INR%2C_MG_series%2C_2016%2C_reverse.jpg/240px-India_new_500_INR%2C_MG_series%2C_2016%2C_reverse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/India_new_500_INR%2C_MG_series%2C_2016%2C_reverse.jpg/320px-India_new_500_INR%2C_MG_series%2C_2016%2C_reverse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1164" data-file-height="488" /></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Indian_500-rupee_note" title="Indian 500-rupee note"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>500</a></td> <td>150 mm × 66 mm</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_gray#Stone_gray" title="Shades of gray">Stone grey</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Red_Fort" title="Red Fort">Red Fort</a> </td> <td>2016 </td> <td>Wide </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:India_new_2000_INR,_MG_series,_2016,_obverse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/India_new_2000_INR%2C_MG_series%2C_2016%2C_obverse.jpg/160px-India_new_2000_INR%2C_MG_series%2C_2016%2C_obverse.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/India_new_2000_INR%2C_MG_series%2C_2016%2C_obverse.jpg/240px-India_new_2000_INR%2C_MG_series%2C_2016%2C_obverse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/India_new_2000_INR%2C_MG_series%2C_2016%2C_obverse.jpg/320px-India_new_2000_INR%2C_MG_series%2C_2016%2C_obverse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1164" data-file-height="456" /></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:India_new_2000_INR,_MG_series,_2016,_reverse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/India_new_2000_INR%2C_MG_series%2C_2016%2C_reverse.jpg/160px-India_new_2000_INR%2C_MG_series%2C_2016%2C_reverse.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/India_new_2000_INR%2C_MG_series%2C_2016%2C_reverse.jpg/240px-India_new_2000_INR%2C_MG_series%2C_2016%2C_reverse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/India_new_2000_INR%2C_MG_series%2C_2016%2C_reverse.jpg/320px-India_new_2000_INR%2C_MG_series%2C_2016%2C_reverse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1164" data-file-height="460" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Indian_2000-rupee_note" title="Indian 2000-rupee note">₹2000</a> </td> <td>66 mm × 166 mm </td> <td>Magenta </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mars_Orbiter_Mission" title="Mars Orbiter Mission">Mangalyaan</a> </td> <td>2016 </td> <td>Withdrawn from circulation <sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="10" style="text-align:left;"><small> For table standards, see the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Numismatics/Style/Currency_article#Specification_table_2" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Numismatics/Style/Currency article">banknote specification table</a>.</small> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Micro_printing">Micro printing</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_rupee&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Micro printing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Reserve_Bank_Note_Mudran" title="Bharatiya Reserve Bank Note Mudran">Bharatiya Reserve Bank Note Mudran</a> and <a href="/wiki/Security_Printing_and_Minting_Corporation_of_India" title="Security Printing and Minting Corporation of India">Security Printing and Minting Corporation of India</a></div> <p>The new Indian banknote series features a few micro-printed texts in various locations. The first one lies on the inner surface of the left temple of Gandhi's spectacles that reads "भारत" (<a href="/wiki/Names_for_India#Bharat" title="Names for India">Bhārata</a>), the Hindi word for India. The next one (which is printed only in 10 and 50 denominations) is placed on the outer surface of the right temple of Gandhi's spectacles near his ear and reads "RBI" (<a href="/wiki/Reserve_Bank_of_India" title="Reserve Bank of India">Reserve Bank of India</a>) and the face value in numerals "10" or "50". The last one is written on both sides of Gandhi's collar and reads "भारत" and "INDIA" respectively. Currency notes have 17 languages on the panel which appears on the reverse of the notes. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gandhi%27s_Spectacles.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Gandhi%27s_Spectacles.jpg/500px-Gandhi%27s_Spectacles.jpg" decoding="async" width="500" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Gandhi%27s_Spectacles.jpg/750px-Gandhi%27s_Spectacles.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Gandhi%27s_Spectacles.jpg/1000px-Gandhi%27s_Spectacles.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1230" data-file-height="630" /></a><figcaption>Micro printed texts on <a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Gandhi</a>'s spectacles</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gandhi%27s_Collar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Gandhi%27s_Collar.jpg/500px-Gandhi%27s_Collar.jpg" decoding="async" width="500" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Gandhi%27s_Collar.jpg/750px-Gandhi%27s_Collar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Gandhi%27s_Collar.jpg/1000px-Gandhi%27s_Collar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1230" data-file-height="630" /></a><figcaption>Micro printed texts on <a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Gandhi</a>'s collar</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pre-independence_issues_2">Pre-independence issues</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_rupee&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Pre-independence issues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Indian_rupee" title="Special:EditPage/Indian rupee">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2016</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:IND-A10a-Government_of_India-10_Rupees_(1910).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/IND-A10a-Government_of_India-10_Rupees_%281910%29.jpg/220px-IND-A10a-Government_of_India-10_Rupees_%281910%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/IND-A10a-Government_of_India-10_Rupees_%281910%29.jpg/330px-IND-A10a-Government_of_India-10_Rupees_%281910%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/IND-A10a-Government_of_India-10_Rupees_%281910%29.jpg/440px-IND-A10a-Government_of_India-10_Rupees_%281910%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7094" data-file-height="4341" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">Government of India</a> – <a href="/wiki/Indian_10-rupee_note" title="Indian 10-rupee note">10 rupees</a> (1910)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:KGVI_rupee_1_note_obverse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Old 1 rupee note" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/KGVI_rupee_1_note_obverse.jpg/220px-KGVI_rupee_1_note_obverse.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/KGVI_rupee_1_note_obverse.jpg/330px-KGVI_rupee_1_note_obverse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/KGVI_rupee_1_note_obverse.jpg/440px-KGVI_rupee_1_note_obverse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="605" data-file-height="380" /></a><figcaption>British Indian <a href="/wiki/Indian_1-rupee_note" title="Indian 1-rupee note">one rupee note</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In 1861, the <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">Government of India</a> introduced its first paper money: <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>10 note in 1864, <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>5 note in 1872, <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>10,000 note in 1899, <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>100 note in 1900, <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>50 note in 1905, <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>500 note in 1907 and <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>1,000 note in 1909. In 1917, <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>1 and <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>2<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> notes were introduced. The <a href="/wiki/Reserve_Bank_of_India" title="Reserve Bank of India">Reserve Bank of India</a> began banknote production in 1938, issuing <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>2, <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>5, <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>10, <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>50, <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>100, <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>1,000 and <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>10,000 notes while the government continued issuing <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>1 note but demonetized the <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>500 and <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>2 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> notes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Convertibility">Convertibility</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_rupee&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Convertibility"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Monetary_policy_of_India" title="Monetary policy of India">Monetary policy of India</a> and <a href="/wiki/Monetary_Policy_Committee_(India)" title="Monetary Policy Committee (India)">Monetary Policy Committee (India)</a></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1233514072">.mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers{counter-reset:rowNumber}.mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers tr::before{content:"";display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em;padding-left:0.5em;text-align:right;vertical-align:inherit}.mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.static-row-numbers-left tr::before{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output 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td:nth-child(28),.mw-parser-output .col29right td:nth-child(29){text-align:right}</style> <table class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers defaultright col1left col2center col3center"> <caption>Most traded currencies by value<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Currency distribution of global foreign exchange market turnover</span><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output 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.navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini" style="float:right"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Most_traded_currencies" title="Template:Most traded currencies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Most_traded_currencies" title="Template talk:Most traded currencies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Most_traded_currencies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Most traded currencies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Currency </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">ISO 4217</a><br />code </th> <th rowspan="2" class="unsortable"><a href="/wiki/Currency_symbol" title="Currency symbol">Symbol</a> or<br />Abbrev.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2">Proportion of daily volume </th> <th rowspan="2">Change<br />(2019–2022) </th></tr> <tr class="static-row-header"> <th>April 2019 </th> <th>April 2022 </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">U.S. dollar</a></td> <td>USD</td> <td>$, US$</td> <td>88.3%</td> <td>88.5%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.2pp </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">Euro</a></td> <td>EUR</td> <td>€</td> <td>32.3%</td> <td>30.5%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1.8pp </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Japanese_yen" title="Japanese yen">Japanese yen</a></td> <td>JPY</td> <td>¥, <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">円</span></span></td> <td>16.8%</td> <td>16.7%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.1pp </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pound_sterling" title="Pound sterling">Sterling</a></td> <td>GBP</td> <td>£</td> <td>12.8%</td> <td>12.9%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.1pp </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi">Renminbi</a></td> <td>CNY</td> <td>¥, <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-CN">元</span></span></td> <td>4.3%</td> <td>7.0%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2.7pp </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Australian_dollar" title="Australian dollar">Australian dollar</a></td> <td>AUD</td> <td>$, A$</td> <td>6.8%</td> <td>6.4%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.4pp </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Canadian_dollar" title="Canadian dollar">Canadian dollar</a></td> <td>CAD</td> <td>$, Can$</td> <td>5.0%</td> <td>6.2%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1.2pp </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Swiss_franc" title="Swiss franc">Swiss franc</a></td> <td>CHF</td> <td>Fr., fr.</td> <td>4.9%</td> <td>5.2%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.3pp </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_dollar" title="Hong Kong dollar">Hong Kong dollar</a></td> <td>HKD</td> <td>$, HK$, <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-HK">元</span></span></td> <td>3.5%</td> <td>2.6%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.9pp </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Singapore_dollar" title="Singapore dollar">Singapore dollar</a></td> <td>SGD</td> <td>$, S$</td> <td>1.8%</td> <td>2.4%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.6pp </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Swedish_krona" title="Swedish krona">Swedish krona</a></td> <td>SEK</td> <td>kr, Skr</td> <td>2.0%</td> <td>2.2%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.2pp </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/South_Korean_won" title="South Korean won">South Korean won</a></td> <td>KRW</td> <td>₩, <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">원</span></span></td> <td>2.0%</td> <td>1.9%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.1pp </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_krone" title="Norwegian krone">Norwegian krone</a></td> <td>NOK</td> <td>kr, Nkr</td> <td>1.8%</td> <td>1.7%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.1pp </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_dollar" title="New Zealand dollar">New Zealand dollar</a></td> <td>NZD</td> <td>$, $NZ</td> <td>2.1%</td> <td>1.7%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.4pp </td></tr> <tr> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Indian rupee</a></td> <td>INR</td> <td>₹</td> <td>1.7%</td> <td>1.6%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.1pp </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mexican_peso" title="Mexican peso">Mexican peso</a></td> <td>MXN</td> <td>$, Mex$</td> <td>1.7%</td> <td>1.5%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.2pp </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Taiwan_dollar" title="New Taiwan dollar">New Taiwan dollar</a></td> <td>TWD</td> <td>$‎, NT$, <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-TW">圓</span></span></td> <td>0.9%</td> <td>1.1%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.2pp </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/South_African_rand" title="South African rand">South African rand</a></td> <td>ZAR</td> <td>R</td> <td>1.1%</td> <td>1.0%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.1pp </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_real" title="Brazilian real">Brazilian real</a></td> <td>BRL</td> <td>R$</td> <td>1.1%</td> <td>0.9%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.2pp </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Danish_krone" title="Danish krone">Danish krone</a></td> <td>DKK</td> <td>kr., DKr</td> <td>0.6%</td> <td>0.7%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.1pp </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Polish_z%C5%82oty" title="Polish złoty">Polish złoty</a></td> <td>PLN</td> <td>zł‎, Zl</td> <td>0.6%</td> <td>0.7%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.1pp </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Thai_baht" title="Thai baht">Thai baht</a></td> <td>THB</td> <td>฿, B</td> <td>0.5%</td> <td>0.4%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.1pp </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Israeli_new_shekel" title="Israeli new shekel">Israeli new shekel</a></td> <td>ILS</td> <td>₪, NIS</td> <td>0.3%</td> <td>0.4%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.1pp </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_rupiah" title="Indonesian rupiah">Indonesian rupiah</a></td> <td>IDR</td> <td>Rp</td> <td>0.4%</td> <td>0.4%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Czech_koruna" title="Czech koruna">Czech koruna</a></td> <td>CZK</td> <td>Kč, CZK</td> <td>0.4%</td> <td>0.4%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates_dirham" title="United Arab Emirates dirham">UAE dirham</a></td> <td>AED</td> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar-AE" dir="rtl">د.إ</span></span>, Dh(s)</td> <td>0.2%</td> <td>0.4%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.2pp </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Turkish_lira" title="Turkish lira">Turkish lira</a></td> <td>TRY</td> <td>₺, TL</td> <td>1.1%</td> <td>0.4%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.7pp </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_forint" title="Hungarian forint">Hungarian forint</a></td> <td>HUF</td> <td>Ft</td> <td>0.4%</td> <td>0.3%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.1pp </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chilean_peso" title="Chilean peso">Chilean peso</a></td> <td>CLP</td> <td>$, Ch$</td> <td>0.3%</td> <td>0.3%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Saudi_riyal" title="Saudi riyal">Saudi riyal</a></td> <td>SAR</td> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar-SA" dir="rtl">﷼</span></span>, SRl(s)</td> <td>0.2%</td> <td>0.2%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Philippine_peso" title="Philippine peso">Philippine peso</a></td> <td>PHP</td> <td>₱</td> <td>0.3%</td> <td>0.2%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.1pp </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_ringgit" title="Malaysian ringgit">Malaysian ringgit</a></td> <td>MYR</td> <td>RM</td> <td>0.2%</td> <td>0.2%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Colombian_peso" title="Colombian peso">Colombian peso</a></td> <td>COP</td> <td>$, Col$</td> <td>0.2%</td> <td>0.2%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Russian_ruble" title="Russian ruble">Russian ruble</a></td> <td>RUB</td> <td>₽, руб</td> <td>1.1%</td> <td>0.2%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.9pp </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Romanian_leu" title="Romanian leu">Romanian leu</a></td> <td>RON</td> <td>—, leu</td> <td>0.1%</td> <td>0.1%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_sol" title="Peruvian sol">Peruvian sol</a></td> <td>PEN</td> <td>S/</td> <td>0.1%</td> <td>0.1%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="text-align:left"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"><i>Other currencies</i></span></th> <th style="text-align:right"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">2.0%</span></th> <th style="text-align:right"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">2.4%</span></th> <th style="text-align:right"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.4pp</span> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3">Total</th> <th style="text-align:right">200.0%</th> <th style="text-align:right">200.0%</th> <th> </th></tr></tbody></table> <p>Officially, the Indian rupee has a market-determined exchange rate. However, the <a href="/wiki/Reserve_Bank_of_India" title="Reserve Bank of India">Reserve Bank of India</a> trades actively in the USD/INR currency market to impact <a href="/wiki/Trade_weighted_index" class="mw-redirect" title="Trade weighted index">effective exchange rates</a>. Thus, the currency regime in place for the Indian rupee with respect to the <a href="/wiki/US_dollar" class="mw-redirect" title="US dollar">US dollar</a> is a <i><a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a></i> controlled exchange rate. This is sometimes called a "<a href="/wiki/Managed_float" class="mw-redirect" title="Managed float">managed float</a>". On 9 May 2022, the Indian Rupee traded at ₹77.41 against the US dollar, hitting an all-time low.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other rates (such as the EUR/INR and INR/JPY) have the volatility typical of <a href="/wiki/Floating_exchange_rate" title="Floating exchange rate">floating exchange rates</a>, and often create persistent <a href="/wiki/Arbitrage" title="Arbitrage">arbitrage</a> opportunities against the RBI.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unlike <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China">China</a>, successive <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">administrations</a> (through RBI, the central bank) have not followed a policy of pegging the INR to a specific foreign currency at a particular exchange rate. RBI intervention in currency markets is solely to ensure low volatility in exchange rates, and not to influence the rate (or direction) of the Indian rupee in relation to other currencies.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Also affecting convertibility is a series of <a href="/wiki/Customs" title="Customs">customs</a> regulations restricting the import and export of rupees. Legally, only up to <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>25000 can be imported or exported in cash at a time, and the possession of <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>200 and higher notes in <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a> is prohibited.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The conversion of currencies for and from rupees is also regulated. </p><p>RBI also exercises a system of <a href="/wiki/Capital_control" title="Capital control">capital controls</a> in addition to (through active trading) in currency markets. On the current account, there are no currency-conversion restrictions hindering buying or selling foreign exchange (although trade barriers exist). On the capital account, foreign institutional investors have concerning convertibility to bring money into and out of the country and buy securities (subject to quantitative restrictions). Local firms can take capital out of the country to expand globally. However, local households are restricted in their ability to diversify globally. Because of the expansion of the current and capital accounts, India is increasingly moving towards full <i>de facto</i> convertibility. </p><p>There is some confusion regarding the interchange of the currency with gold, but the system that India follows is that money cannot be exchanged for gold under any circumstances due to gold's lack of liquidity;<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> therefore, money cannot be changed into gold by the RBI. India follows the same principle as Great Britain and the US. </p><p>Reserve Bank of India clarifies its position regarding the promissory clause printed on each banknote: </p><p><i>"As per Section 26 of <a href="/wiki/Reserve_Bank_of_India_Act,_1934" title="Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934">Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934</a>, the Bank is liable to pay the value of banknote. This is payable on demand by RBI, being the issuer. The Bank's obligation to pay the value of banknote does not arise out of a contract but out of statutory provisions. The promissory clause printed on the banknotes i.e., "I promise to pay the bearer an amount of X" is a statement that means that the banknote is a legal tender for X amount. The obligation on the part of the Bank is to exchange a banknote for coins of an equivalent amount."</i><sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chronology">Chronology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_rupee&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Chronology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1991 – India began to lift restrictions on its currency. Several reforms removed restrictions on current account transactions (including trade, interest payments and <a href="/wiki/Remittances" class="mw-redirect" title="Remittances">remittances</a> and some capital asset-based transactions). Liberalised Exchange Rate Management System (LERMS) (a <a href="/wiki/Dual_exchange_rate" title="Dual exchange rate">dual-exchange-rate</a> system) introduced partial convertibility of the rupee in March 1992.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1997 – A panel (set up to explore capital account convertibility) recommended that India move towards full convertibility by 2000, but the timetable was abandoned in the wake of the 1997–1998 <a href="/wiki/1997_Asian_Financial_Crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="1997 Asian Financial Crisis">East Asian financial crisis</a>.</li> <li>2006 – <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Manmohan_Singh" title="Manmohan Singh">Manmohan Singh</a> asked the <a href="/wiki/P._Chidambaram" title="P. Chidambaram">Finance Minister</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Reserve_Bank_of_India" title="Reserve Bank of India">Reserve Bank of India</a> to prepare a road map for moving towards <a href="/wiki/Capital_account_convertibility" title="Capital account convertibility">capital account convertibility</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2016 – The <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Government of India</a> announced the <a href="/wiki/2016_Indian_banknote_demonetisation" title="2016 Indian banknote demonetisation">demonetisation</a> of all ₹500/- and ₹1,000/- banknotes of the <a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi_Series" title="Mahatma Gandhi Series">Mahatma Gandhi Series</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-withdrawaloflegal_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-withdrawaloflegal-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The government claimed that the action would curtail the shadow economy and crack down on the use of illicit "black money" and counterfeit cash to fund illegal activity and terrorism.<sup id="cite_ref-India_Today2_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-India_Today2-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2023 – <a href="/wiki/Reserve_Bank_of_India" title="Reserve Bank of India">Reserve Bank of India</a> issued a circular on <a href="/wiki/May_19" title="May 19">19 May</a> stating currency notes of ₹ 2000 denomination will be withdrawn from circulation<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The reason given for this withdrawal is the decline in the number of currency notes in circulation. According to the circular, there were only 10.8% of Notes in Circulation on March 31, 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Exchange_rates">Exchange rates</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_rupee&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Exchange rates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Exchange_Management_Act" title="Foreign Exchange Management Act">Foreign Exchange Management Act</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historic_exchange_rates">Historic exchange rates</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_rupee&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Historic exchange rates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Exchange_rate_history_of_the_Indian_rupee" title="Exchange rate history of the Indian rupee">Exchange rate history of the Indian rupee</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pre-Independence">Pre-Independence</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_rupee&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Pre-Independence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:INR-USD,_GBP,_EUR,_JPY.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/INR-USD%2C_GBP%2C_EUR%2C_JPY.svg/450px-INR-USD%2C_GBP%2C_EUR%2C_JPY.svg.png" decoding="async" width="450" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/INR-USD%2C_GBP%2C_EUR%2C_JPY.svg/675px-INR-USD%2C_GBP%2C_EUR%2C_JPY.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/INR-USD%2C_GBP%2C_EUR%2C_JPY.svg/900px-INR-USD%2C_GBP%2C_EUR%2C_JPY.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="804" data-file-height="319" /></a><figcaption>Graph of exchange rates of Indian rupee (INR) per USD 1, GBP 1, EUR 1, JPY 100 averaged over the month, from September 1998 to May 2013. <i>Data Source: Reserve Bank of India reference rate</i></figcaption></figure> <p>For almost a century following the <a href="/wiki/Great_Recoinage_of_1816" title="Great Recoinage of 1816">Great Recoinage of 1816</a>, and adoption of the <a href="/wiki/Gold_Standard" class="mw-redirect" title="Gold Standard">Gold Standard</a>, until the outbreak of World War I, the silver-backed Indian rupee lost its value against a basket of gold-pegged currencies and was periodically devalued to reflect the then current <a href="/wiki/Gold_silver_ratio" class="mw-redirect" title="Gold silver ratio">gold to silver reserve ratios</a>. In 1850, the official conversion rate between the pound sterling and the rupee was £0 / 2<a href="/wiki/Shilling" title="Shilling">s</a> / 0d (or £1:₹10), while between 1899 and 1914, the official conversion rate was set at £1 to 1<a href="/wiki/Shilling" title="Shilling">s</a> to 4<a href="/wiki/Penny" title="Penny">d</a> (or £1:₹15). However, this was just half of market exchange rates between 1893 and 1917. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Gold_silver_ratio" class="mw-redirect" title="Gold silver ratio">gold-to-silver ratio</a> expanded between 1870 and 1910. Unlike India, Britain was on the gold standard. To meet the Home Charges (i.e., expenditure in the United Kingdom), the colonial government had to remit a larger number of rupees, and this necessitated increased taxation, unrest and nationalism. </p><p>Between both world wars, the rate improved from 1<a href="/wiki/Shilling" title="Shilling">s</a> to 6<a href="/wiki/Penny" title="Penny">d</a> (or £1:₹13.33), and remained pegged at this rate for the duration of the <a href="/wiki/Bretton_Woods_system" title="Bretton Woods system">Breton Woods agreement</a>, to its devaluation and pegging to the US dollar, at $1:<span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>7.50, in 1966.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Post-Independence">Post-Independence</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_rupee&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Post-Independence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following the country's independence, India implemented a <a href="/wiki/Par_value" title="Par value">Par value</a> exchange rate regime until 1971. The country switched to <a href="/wiki/Fixed_exchange_rate_system" title="Fixed exchange rate system">a fixed exchange rate regime</a> in 1971 and graduated to a basket peg against five major currencies in 1975. Since 1991, the rupee has been under a floating exchange rate regime.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first major impact on the rupee's exchange rate after independence was the devaluation of the pound sterling against the US dollar in 1949, which impacted currencies that maintained a peg to the sterling, which included the Indian rupee.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1966, the Indian rupee was devaluated by 57% against <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">United States dollar</a>, which also led to the depreciation of the sterling.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Five years later, when the <a href="/wiki/Bretton_Woods_system" title="Bretton Woods system">Bretton Woods system</a> was suspended, India initially announced that it will maintain a fixed rate of $1 to INR 7.50 and leave the sterling under a floating regime.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, by the end of 1971, following the <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Agreement" title="Smithsonian Agreement">Smithsonian Agreement</a> and the subsequent devaluation of the US dollar, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> pegged the rupee with the pound sterling once again at a rate of £1 to INR 18.9677.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During this period, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> had a non-commercial exchange rate with the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>. The ruble to rupee exchange rates was announced by the Soviet Union, as the ruble was not a freely traded currency and the commercial trade between both nations used to take place in rupees following a <a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="India–Russia relations">treaty between India and the Soviet Union</a> in 1953. </p><p>In September 1975, the exchange rate of the Indian rupee started to be determined based on the basket peg. The details of currencies which form the basket, and their weightage were kept confidentially by <a href="/wiki/Reserve_Bank_of_India" title="Reserve Bank of India">Reserve Bank of India</a> and the exchange rate of the rupee based on market fluctuation of these currencies was periodically announced by the RBI.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The next major change that occurred was the devaluation of the rupee by about 18% in July 1991 following the <a href="/wiki/1991_Indian_economic_crisis" title="1991 Indian economic crisis">balance of payments crisis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thereafter, in March 1992, the Liberalized Exchange Rate Management System was introduced, enabling the transition to a <a href="/wiki/Floating_exchange_rate" title="Floating exchange rate">floating exchange rate</a> regime. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"> <caption>Indian rupees per currency unit averaged over the year<sup id="cite_ref-auto_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto1_104-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Currency</th> <th><a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">ISO code</a></th> <th>1947</th> <th>1966</th> <th>1995</th> <th>1996</th> <th>2000</th> <th>2004</th> <th>2006</th> <th>2007</th> <th>2008</th> <th>2009</th> <th>2010</th> <th>2013</th> <th>2014</th> <th>2015</th> <th>2016</th> <th>2017</th> <th>2018</th> <th>2019</th> <th>2020</th> <th>2021</th> <th>2022</th> <th>2023 </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Australian_dollar" title="Australian dollar">Australian dollar</a></td> <td>AUD</td> <td>–</td> <td>5.33</td> <td>–</td> <td>27.69</td> <td>26.07</td> <td>33.28</td> <td>34.02</td> <td>34.60</td> <td>36.81</td> <td>38.22</td> <td>42.00</td> <td>56.36</td> <td>54.91</td> <td>48.21</td> <td>49.96</td> <td>49.91</td> <td>50.64</td> <td>50.01</td> <td>56.30 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Bahraini_dinar" title="Bahraini dinar">Bahraini dinar</a></td> <td>BHD</td> <td>–</td> <td>13.35</td> <td>91.75</td> <td>91.24</td> <td>117.78</td> <td>120.39</td> <td>120.40</td> <td>109.59</td> <td>115.65</td> <td>128.60</td> <td>121.60</td> <td>155.95</td> <td>164.55</td> <td>170.6</td> <td>178.3</td> <td>–</td> <td>169.77 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_taka" title="Bangladeshi taka">Bangladeshi taka</a></td> <td>BDT</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>0.84</td> <td>0.84</td> <td>0.77</td> <td>0.66</td> <td>0.63</td> <td>0.57</td> <td>0.71</td> <td>0.66</td> <td>0.68</td> <td>0.80</td> <td>0.88</td> <td>0.84</td> <td>0.85</td> <td>–</td> <td>0.76 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_dollar" title="Canadian dollar">Canadian dollar</a></td> <td>CAD</td> <td>–</td> <td>5.90</td> <td>23.63</td> <td>26.00</td> <td>30.28</td> <td>34.91</td> <td>41.09</td> <td>42.92</td> <td>44.59</td> <td>52.17</td> <td>44.39</td> <td>56.88</td> <td>49.53</td> <td>47.94</td> <td>52.32</td> <td>50.21</td> <td>51.38 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi">Renminbi</a></td> <td>CNY</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>5.80</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>9.93</td> <td>10.19</td> <td>10.15</td> <td>–</td> <td>9.81 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates_dirham" title="United Arab Emirates dirham">Emirate dirham</a></td> <td>AED</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>17.47</td> <td>18.26</td> <td>17.73</td> <td>17.80 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">Euro</a><sup>a</sup></td> <td>EUR</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>42.41</td> <td>44.40</td> <td>41.52</td> <td>56.38</td> <td>64.12</td> <td>68.03</td> <td>60.59</td> <td>65.69</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>70.21</td> <td>72.60</td> <td>75.84</td> <td>73.53</td> <td>79.52 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Israeli_new_shekel" title="Israeli new shekel">Israeli shekel</a><sup>b</sup></td> <td>ILS</td> <td>13.33</td> <td>21.97</td> <td>11.45</td> <td>10.76</td> <td>10.83</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>17.08</td> <td>16.57</td> <td>17.47</td> <td>–</td> <td>18.36 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_yen" title="Japanese yen">Japanese yen</a><sup>c</sup></td> <td>JPY</td> <td>6.6</td> <td>2.08</td> <td>32.66</td> <td>32.96</td> <td>41.79</td> <td>41.87</td> <td>38.93</td> <td>35.00</td> <td>42.27</td> <td>51.73</td> <td>52.23</td> <td>60.07</td> <td>57.79</td> <td>53.01</td> <td>62.36</td> <td>–</td> <td>56 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Kuwaiti_dinar" title="Kuwaiti dinar">Kuwaiti dinar</a></td> <td>KWD</td> <td>–</td> <td>17.80</td> <td>115.5</td> <td>114.5</td> <td>144.9</td> <td>153.3</td> <td>155.5</td> <td>144.6</td> <td>161.7</td> <td>167.7</td> <td>159.2</td> <td>206.5</td> <td>214.3</td> <td>213.1</td> <td>222.4</td> <td></td> <td>211.43 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_ringgit" title="Malaysian ringgit">Malaysian ringgit</a></td> <td>MYR</td> <td>1.55</td> <td>2.07</td> <td>12.97</td> <td>14.11</td> <td>11.84</td> <td>11.91</td> <td>12.36</td> <td>11.98</td> <td>13.02</td> <td>13.72</td> <td>14.22</td> <td>18.59</td> <td>18.65</td> <td>16.47</td> <td>16.37</td> <td>–</td> <td>15.72 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Maldivian_rufiyaa" title="Maldivian rufiyaa">Maldivian rufiyaa</a></td> <td>MVR</td> <td>1.00</td> <td>1.33</td> <td>2.93</td> <td>2.91</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>4.58</td> <td>4.76</td> <td>5.01</td> <td>5.23</td> <td>–</td> <td>4.13 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_rupee" title="Pakistani rupee">Pakistani rupee</a></td> <td>PKR</td> <td>1.00</td> <td>1.33</td> <td>1.08</td> <td>0.95</td> <td>0.80</td> <td>0.77</td> <td>0.75</td> <td>0.67</td> <td>0.61</td> <td>0.59</td> <td>0.53</td> <td>0.57</td> <td>0.60</td> <td>0.62</td> <td>0.64</td> <td>–</td> <td>0.57</td> <td>0.46</td> <td>0.45 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Pound_sterling" title="Pound sterling">Pound sterling</a></td> <td>GBP</td> <td>13.33</td> <td>17.76</td> <td>51.14</td> <td>55.38</td> <td>68.11</td> <td>83.06</td> <td>80.63</td> <td>76.38</td> <td>71.33</td> <td>83.63</td> <td>70.63</td> <td>91.08</td> <td>100.51</td> <td>98.11</td> <td>92.00</td> <td>83.87</td> <td>90.37 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Russian_ruble" title="Russian ruble">Russian ruble</a><sup>d</sup></td> <td>RUB</td> <td>6.60</td> <td>15.00</td> <td>7.56</td> <td>6.69</td> <td>1.57</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>1.05</td> <td>0.99</td> <td>–</td> <td>1.10 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Saudi_riyal" title="Saudi riyal">Saudi riyal</a></td> <td>SAR</td> <td>–</td> <td>1.41</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>17.11</td> <td>17.88</td> <td>–</td> <td>17.02 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Singapore_dollar" title="Singapore dollar">Singapore dollar</a> / <a href="/wiki/Brunei_dollar" title="Brunei dollar">Brunei dollar</a><sup>e</sup></td> <td>SGD / BND</td> <td>1.55</td> <td>2.07</td> <td>23.13</td> <td>25.16</td> <td>26.07</td> <td>26.83</td> <td>30.93</td> <td>33.60</td> <td>34.51</td> <td>41.27</td> <td>33.58</td> <td>46.84</td> <td>45.86</td> <td>46.67</td> <td>48.86</td> <td>–</td> <td>47.70 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_rupee" title="Sri Lankan rupee">Sri Lankan rupee</a></td> <td>LKR</td> <td>–</td> <td>1.33</td> <td>0.63</td> <td>0.64</td> <td>0.58</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>0.47</td> <td>0.46</td> <td>0.45</td> <td>0.46</td> <td>–</td> <td>0.41</td> <td>0.39</td> <td>0.39 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Swiss_franc" title="Swiss franc">Swiss franc</a></td> <td>CHF</td> <td>–</td> <td>1.46</td> <td>27.48</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>43.95</td> <td>66.95</td> <td>66.71</td> <td>66.70</td> <td>68.40</td> <td>–</td> <td>65.48 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">US dollar</a></td> <td>USD</td> <td>3.30</td> <td>7.50</td> <td>32.45</td> <td>35.44</td> <td>44.20</td> <td>45.34</td> <td>43.95</td> <td>39.50</td> <td>48.76</td> <td>45.33</td> <td>45.00</td> <td>68.80</td> <td>66.07</td> <td>66.73</td> <td>67.19</td> <td>65.11</td> <td>72.10 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="20" style="text-align: left;"><sup>a</sup> <small>Before 1 January 1999, the <a href="/wiki/European_Currency_Unit" title="European Currency Unit">European Currency Unit</a> (ECU)</small><br /><sup>b</sup> <small>Before 1980, the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_pound" title="Israeli pound">Israeli pound</a> (ILP)</small><br /><sup>c</sup> <small>100 <a href="/wiki/Japanese_yen" title="Japanese yen">Japanese yen</a></small><br /><sup>d</sup> <small>Before 1993, the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_ruble" title="Soviet ruble">Soviet ruble</a> (SUR), in 1995 and 1996 – per 1000 rubles<br /><sup>e</sup> Before 1967, the <a href="/wiki/Malaya_and_British_Borneo_dollar" title="Malaya and British Borneo dollar">Malaya and British Borneo dollar</a></small> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Current_exchange_rates">Current exchange rates</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_rupee&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Current exchange rates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="toccolours" style="margin: 0.5em auto; text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr><th style="background: #A7C3FF;" colspan="2"> Current INR exchange rates</th> </tr><tr> <td>From <a href="/wiki/Google_Finance" title="Google Finance">Google Finance</a>: </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/finance/quote/AUD-INR">AUD</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/finance/quote/CAD-INR">CAD</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/finance/quote/CHF-INR">CHF</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/finance/quote/CNY-INR">CNY</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/finance/quote/EUR-INR">EUR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/finance/quote/GBP-INR">GBP</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/finance/quote/HKD-INR">HKD</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/finance/quote/JPY-INR">JPY</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/finance/quote/USD-INR">USD</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/finance/quote/AED-INR">AED</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/finance/quote/JPY-INR">JPY</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/finance/quote/USD-INR">USD</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>From <a href="/wiki/Yahoo!_Finance" class="mw-redirect" title="Yahoo! Finance">Yahoo! Finance</a>: </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/AUDINR=X">AUD</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/CADINR=X">CAD</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/CHFINR=X">CHF</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/CNYINR=X">CNY</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/EURINR=X">EUR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/GBPINR=X">GBP</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/HKDINR=X">HKD</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/JPYINR=X">JPY</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/USDINR=X">USD</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/AEDINR=X">AED</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/JPYINR=X">JPY</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/USDINR=X">USD</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>From <a href="/wiki/XE.com" title="XE.com">XE.com</a>: </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.xe.com/currencyconverter/convert/?Amount=1&From=AUD&To=INR">AUD</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.xe.com/currencyconverter/convert/?Amount=1&From=CAD&To=INR">CAD</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.xe.com/currencyconverter/convert/?Amount=1&From=CHF&To=INR">CHF</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.xe.com/currencyconverter/convert/?Amount=1&From=CNY&To=INR">CNY</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.xe.com/currencyconverter/convert/?Amount=1&From=EUR&To=INR">EUR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.xe.com/currencyconverter/convert/?Amount=1&From=GBP&To=INR">GBP</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.xe.com/currencyconverter/convert/?Amount=1&From=HKD&To=INR">HKD</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.xe.com/currencyconverter/convert/?Amount=1&From=JPY&To=INR">JPY</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.xe.com/currencyconverter/convert/?Amount=1&From=USD&To=INR">USD</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.xe.com/currencyconverter/convert/?Amount=1&From=AED&To=INR">AED</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.xe.com/currencyconverter/convert/?Amount=1&From=JPY&To=INR">JPY</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.xe.com/currencyconverter/convert/?Amount=1&From=USD&To=INR">USD</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>From OANDA: </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oanda.com/currency-converter/en/?amount=1&from=AUD&to=INR">AUD</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oanda.com/currency-converter/en/?amount=1&from=CAD&to=INR">CAD</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oanda.com/currency-converter/en/?amount=1&from=CHF&to=INR">CHF</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oanda.com/currency-converter/en/?amount=1&from=CNY&to=INR">CNY</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oanda.com/currency-converter/en/?amount=1&from=EUR&to=INR">EUR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oanda.com/currency-converter/en/?amount=1&from=GBP&to=INR">GBP</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oanda.com/currency-converter/en/?amount=1&from=HKD&to=INR">HKD</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oanda.com/currency-converter/en/?amount=1&from=JPY&to=INR">JPY</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oanda.com/currency-converter/en/?amount=1&from=USD&to=INR">USD</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oanda.com/currency-converter/en/?amount=1&from=AED&to=INR">AED</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oanda.com/currency-converter/en/?amount=1&from=JPY&to=INR">JPY</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oanda.com/currency-converter/en/?amount=1&from=USD&to=INR">USD</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Worldwide_rupee_usage">Worldwide rupee usage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_rupee&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Worldwide rupee usage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Gulf_rupee" title="Gulf rupee">Gulf rupee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bhutanese_ngultrum" title="Bhutanese ngultrum">Bhutanese ngultrum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nepalese_rupee" title="Nepalese rupee">Nepalese rupee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pakistani_rupee" title="Pakistani rupee">Pakistani rupee</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mauritian_rupee" title="Mauritian rupee">Mauritian rupee</a></div> <p>As the <a href="/wiki/Straits_Settlements" title="Straits Settlements">Straits Settlements</a> were originally an outpost of the British <a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">East India Company</a>, the Indian rupee was made the sole official currency of the Straits Settlements in 1837, as it was administered as part of <a href="/wiki/British_India" class="mw-redirect" title="British India">British India</a>. This attempt was resisted by the locals. However, <a href="/wiki/Spanish_dollar" title="Spanish dollar">Spanish dollars</a> continued to circulate and 1845 saw the introduction of coinage for the Straits Settlements using a system of 100 <a href="/wiki/Cent_(currency)" title="Cent (currency)">cents</a> = 1 dollar, with the dollar equal to the Spanish dollar or <a href="/wiki/Mexican_peso" title="Mexican peso">Mexican peso</a>. In 1867, the administration of the Straits Settlements was separated from India and the <a href="/wiki/Straits_dollar" title="Straits dollar">Straits dollar</a> was made the standard currency, and attempts to reintroduce the rupee were finally abandoned.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/Partition_of_India" title="Partition of India">Partition of India</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Pakistani_rupee" title="Pakistani rupee">Pakistani rupee</a> came into existence, initially using Indian coins and Indian currency notes simply over-stamped with "Pakistan". Previously the Indian rupee was an official currency of other countries, including <a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Aden" class="mw-redirect" title="Colony of Aden">Aden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dubai" title="Dubai">Dubai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Trucial_States" title="Trucial States">Trucial States</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tanganyika_(territory)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanganyika (territory)">Tanganyika</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a>. </p><p>The Indian government introduced the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_rupee" title="Gulf rupee">Gulf rupee</a> as a replacement for the Indian rupee for circulation outside the country with the Reserve Bank of India (Amendment) Act of 1 May 1959.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The creation of a separate currency was an attempt to reduce the strain on India's foreign reserves from gold smuggling. After India devalued the rupee on 6 June 1966, those countries still using it – Oman, Qatar, and the Trucial States (which became the <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a> in 1971) – replaced the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_rupee" title="Gulf rupee">Gulf rupee</a> with their own <a href="/wiki/Currency" title="Currency">currencies</a>. Kuwait and Bahrain had already done so in 1961 with <a href="/wiki/Kuwaiti_dinar" title="Kuwaiti dinar">Kuwaiti dinar</a> and in 1965 with <a href="/wiki/Bahraini_dinar" title="Bahraini dinar">Bahraini dinar</a>, respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-commoncurrency_107-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-commoncurrency-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Bhutanese_ngultrum" title="Bhutanese ngultrum">Bhutanese ngultrum</a> is pegged at par with the Indian rupee; both currencies are accepted in Bhutan. The <a href="/wiki/Nepalese_rupee" title="Nepalese rupee">Nepalese rupee</a> is pegged at <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>0.625; the Indian rupee is accepted in Bhutan and Nepal, except <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span><a href="/wiki/Indian_500-rupee_note" title="Indian 500-rupee note">500</a> and <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span><a href="/wiki/Indian_1000-rupee_note" title="Indian 1000-rupee note">1000 banknotes</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi_Series" title="Mahatma Gandhi Series">Mahatma Gandhi Series</a> and the <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span><a href="/wiki/Indian_200-rupee_note" title="Indian 200-rupee note">200</a>, <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>500 banknotes of the <a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi_New_Series" title="Mahatma Gandhi New Series">Mahatma Gandhi New Series</a>, which are not legal tender in Bhutan and Nepal and are banned by their respective governments, though accepted by many retailers.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 29 January 2014, Zimbabwe added the Indian rupee as a <a href="/wiki/Legal_tender" title="Legal tender">legal tender</a> to be used.<sup id="cite_ref-deccanherald.com_109-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-deccanherald.com-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_rupee&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coinage_of_India" title="Coinage of India">Coinage of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rupee" title="Rupee">Rupee</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_rupee" title="History of the rupee">History of the rupee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paisa" title="Paisa">Paisa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_paisa" title="Indian paisa">Indian paisa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_taka" title="History of the taka">History of the taka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coins_of_British_India" title="Coins of British India">Coins of British India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Depression_in_India" title="Great Depression in India">Great Depression in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coins_of_the_Indian_rupee" title="Coins of the Indian rupee">Coins of the Indian rupee</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_anna" title="Indian anna">Indian anna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_pie" title="Indian pie">Indian pie</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zero-rupee_note" title="Zero-rupee note">Zero-rupee note</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fake_Indian_currency_note" title="Fake Indian currency note">Fake Indian currency note</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Revised_Standard_Reference_Guide_to_Indian_Paper_Money" title="The Revised Standard Reference Guide to Indian Paper Money"><i>The Standard Reference Guide to Indian Paper Money</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reserve_Bank_of_India" title="Reserve Bank of India">Reserve Bank of India</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reserve_Bank_of_India_Act,_1934" title="Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934">Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RBI_Monetary_Museum" title="RBI Monetary Museum">RBI Monetary Museum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_rupee" title="Digital rupee">Digital rupee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_currency_in_the_Middle_East" title="British currency in the Middle East">British currency in the Middle East</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_rupee&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_rupee&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_rupee&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rma.org.bt/FAQ.jsp#2">"Frequently Asked Questions"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Royal_Monetary_Authority_of_Bhutan" title="Royal Monetary Authority of Bhutan">Royal Monetary Authority of Bhutan</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220206104607/http://www.rma.org.bt/FAQ.jsp#2">Archived</a> from the original on 6 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Frequently+Asked+Questions&rft.pub=Royal+Monetary+Authority+of+Bhutan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rma.org.bt%2FFAQ.jsp%232&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+rupee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deccanherald.com/content/383402/indian-rupee-legal-tender-zimbabwe.html">"Indian Rupee to be legal tender in Zimbabwe"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Deccan_Herald" title="Deccan Herald">Deccan Herald</a></i>. 29 January 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191108094711/https://www.deccanherald.com/content/383402/indian-rupee-legal-tender-zimbabwe.html">Archived</a> from the original on 8 November 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Deccan+Herald&rft.atitle=Indian+Rupee+to+be+legal+tender+in+Zimbabwe&rft.date=2014-01-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.deccanherald.com%2Fcontent%2F383402%2Findian-rupee-legal-tender-zimbabwe.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+rupee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHungwe,_Brian2014" class="citation news cs1">Hungwe, Brian (29 January 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-26034078">"Zimbabwe's multi-currency confusion"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190416041444/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-26034078">Archived</a> from the original on 16 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 July</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Zimbabwe%27s+multi-currency+confusion&rft.date=2014-01-29&rft.au=Hungwe%2C+Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-africa-26034078&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+rupee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/policy/nepal-writes-to-rbi-to-declare-banned-new-indian-currency-notes-legal/articleshow/67406624.cms">"Nepal writes to RBI to declare banned new Indian currency notes legal"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Economic_Times" title="The Economic Times">The Economic Times</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Times_Internet" title="Times Internet">Times Internet</a>. 6 January 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220205184338/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/policy/nepal-writes-to-rbi-to-declare-banned-new-indian-currency-notes-legal/articleshow/67406624.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 5 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economic+Times&rft.atitle=Nepal+writes+to+RBI+to+declare+banned+new+Indian+currency+notes+legal&rft.date=2019-01-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feconomictimes.indiatimes.com%2Fnews%2Feconomy%2Fpolicy%2Fnepal-writes-to-rbi-to-declare-banned-new-indian-currency-notes-legal%2Farticleshow%2F67406624.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+rupee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rbi-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rbi_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rbi_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120112123135/http://www.rbi.org.in/scripts/FAQView.aspx?Id=39">"FAQ – Your Guide to Money Matters"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reserve_Bank_of_India" title="Reserve Bank of India">Reserve Bank of India</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 November</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=FAQ+%E2%80%93+Your+Guide+to+Money+Matters&rft.pub=Reserve+Bank+of+India&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rbi.org.in%2Fscripts%2FFAQView.aspx%3FId%3D39&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+rupee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SPMCIL-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SPMCIL_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SPMCIL_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMinistry_of_Finance_–_Department_of_Economic_Affairs2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Finance_(India)" title="Ministry of Finance (India)">Ministry of Finance</a> – <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Economic_Affairs_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Economic Affairs (India)">Department of Economic Affairs</a> (30 April 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://164.100.47.193/lsscommittee/Public%20Undertakings/15_Public%20Undertakings_6.pdf"><i>Sixth Report, Committee on Public Undertakings – Security Printing and Minting Corporation of India Limited</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha_Secretariat" title="Lok Sabha Secretariat">Lok Sabha Secretariat</a>. p. 8. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180412213713/http://164.100.47.193/lsscommittee/Public%20Undertakings/15_Public%20Undertakings_6.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 12 April 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sixth+Report%2C+Committee+on+Public+Undertakings+%E2%80%93+Security+Printing+and+Minting+Corporation+of+India+Limited&rft.pages=8&rft.pub=Lok+Sabha+Secretariat&rft.date=2010-04-30&rft.au=Ministry+of+Finance+%E2%80%93+Department+of+Economic+Affairs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2F164.100.47.193%2Flsscommittee%2FPublic%2520Undertakings%2F15_Public%2520Undertakings_6.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+rupee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/advisor/in/personal-finance/inflation-rate-in-india/#:~:text=Core%20inflation%20is%20at%203.4%25%20versus%20the%20expectation%20of%203.35%25.">"Inflation Rate In India: September 2024 Data"</a>. <i>Forbes Advisor INDIA</i>. 16 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forbes+Advisor+INDIA&rft.atitle=Inflation+Rate+In+India%3A+September+2024+Data&rft.date=2024-09-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fadvisor%2Fin%2Fpersonal-finance%2Finflation-rate-in-india%2F%23%3A~%3Atext%3DCore%2520inflation%2520is%2520at%25203.4%2525%2520versus%2520the%2520expectation%2520of%25203.35%2525.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+rupee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/money-and-banking/nepal-to-keep-currency-pegged-at-to-indian-rupee/article9689230.ece">"Nepal to keep currency pegged to Indian rupee"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Business_Line" title="Business Line">Business Line</a></i>. 11 January 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200310065324/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/money-and-banking/nepal-to-keep-currency-pegged-to-indian-rupee/article9689230.ece">Archived</a> from the original on 10 March 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Business+Line&rft.atitle=Nepal+to+keep+currency+pegged+to+Indian+rupee&rft.date=2018-01-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindubusinessline.com%2Fmoney-and-banking%2Fnepal-to-keep-currency-pegged-at-to-indian-rupee%2Farticle9689230.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+rupee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rbi.org.in/scripts/AnnualReportPublications.aspx?Id=1331">"Reserve Bank of India - Annual Report"</a>. <i>rbi.org.in</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220517210417/https://rbi.org.in/scripts/AnnualReportPublications.aspx?Id=1331">Archived</a> from the original on 17 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=rbi.org.in&rft.atitle=Reserve+Bank+of+India+-+Annual+Report&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frbi.org.in%2Fscripts%2FAnnualReportPublications.aspx%3FId%3D1331&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+rupee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoyal1999" class="citation cs2">Goyal, Shankar (1999), "The Origin and Antiquity of Coinage in India", <i>Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute</i>, <b>80</b> (1/4), <a href="/wiki/Bhandarkar_Oriental_Research_Institute" title="Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute">Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute</a>: 144, <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41694581">41694581</a>, <q><a href="/wiki/Panini_(grammarian)" class="mw-redirect" title="Panini (grammarian)">Panini</a> makes the statement (V.2.120) that a 'form' (<i>rüpa</i>) when 'stamped' (<i>ahata</i>) or when praise-worthy (prašamsa) takes the ending <i>ya</i> (i.e. <i>rupya</i>). ... Whether Panini was familiar with coins or not, his <i><a href="/wiki/Astadhyayi" class="mw-redirect" title="Astadhyayi">Astadhyayi</a></i> does not specifically state.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Bhandarkar+Oriental+Research+Institute&rft.atitle=The+Origin+and+Antiquity+of+Coinage+in+India&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=1%2F4&rft.pages=144&rft.date=1999&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41694581%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Goyal&rft.aufirst=Shankar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+rupee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMookerji,_Chandragupta_Maurya_and_His_Times1966214-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMookerji,_Chandragupta_Maurya_and_His_Times1966214_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMookerji,_Chandragupta_Maurya_and_His_Times1966">Mookerji, Chandragupta Maurya and His Times 1966</a>, p. 214.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFR_Shamasastry1915" class="citation cs2">R Shamasastry (1915), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/arthashastraofchanakyaenglishrshamasastry/page/n11/mode/2up"><i>Arthashastra Of Chanakya</i></a>, pp. 115, 119, 125<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 April</span> 2021</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Arthashastra+Of+Chanakya&rft.pages=115%2C+119%2C+125&rft.date=1915&rft.au=R+Shamasastry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Farthashastraofchanakyaenglishrshamasastry%2Fpage%2Fn11%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+rupee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mogul-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mogul_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20021005231609/http://www.rbi.org.in/currency/museum/c-mogul.html">"Mogul Coinage"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/RBI_Monetary_Museum" title="RBI Monetary Museum">RBI Monetary Museum</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Reserve_Bank_of_India" title="Reserve Bank of India">Reserve Bank of India</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rbi.org.in/currency/museum/c-mogul.html">the original</a> on 5 October 2002. <q>Sher Shah issued a coin of silver which was termed the Rupiya. This weighed 178 grains and was the precursor of the modern rupee. It remained largely unchanged till the early 20th Century</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RBI+Monetary+Museum&rft.atitle=Mogul+Coinage&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rbi.org.in%2Fcurrency%2Fmuseum%2Fc-mogul.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+rupee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKapoor2002" class="citation book cs1">Kapoor, Subodh (January 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=q5ZM0nZXZEkC&pg=PA1599"><i>The Indian encyclopaedia: biographical, historical, religious ..., Volume 6</i></a>. Cosmo Publications. p. 1599. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-7755-257-0" title="Special:BookSources/81-7755-257-0"><bdi>81-7755-257-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Indian+encyclopaedia%3A+biographical%2C+historical%2C+religious+...%2C+Volume+6&rft.pages=1599&rft.pub=Cosmo+Publications&rft.date=2002-01&rft.isbn=81-7755-257-0&rft.aulast=Kapoor&rft.aufirst=Subodh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dq5ZM0nZXZEkC%26pg%3DPA1599&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+rupee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchaps2006" class="citation cs2">Schaps, David M. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Business+Line&rft.atitle=RBI+to+issue+%E2%82%B91%2C000%2C+%E2%82%B9100%2C+%E2%82%B950+with+new+features%2C+design+in+coming+months&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindubusinessline.com%2Fmoney-and-banking%2Frbi-to-issue-1000-100-50-with-new-features-design-in-coming-months%2Farticle9328285.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+rupee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMukherjee2016" class="citation web cs1">Mukherjee, Amrita (14 November 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://asiatimes.com/feel-super-rich-rs-100-rs-10-purse/">"How I feel super rich with Rs 100 and Rs 10 in my purse"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Asia_Times" title="Asia Times">Asia Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Withdrawal+of+Legal+Tender+Status+for+%E2%82%B9+500+and+%E2%82%B9+1000+Notes%3A+RBI+Notice&rft.pub=Reserve+Bank+of+India&rft.date=2016-11-08&rft.aulast=Killawala&rft.aufirst=Alpana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frbi.org.in%2FScripts%2FBS_PressReleaseDisplay.aspx%3Fprid%3D38520&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+rupee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rbi-500-new-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rbi-500-new_72-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKillawala2016" class="citation pressrelease cs1">Killawala, Alpana (8 November 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rbidocs.rbi.org.in/rdocs/PressRelease/PDFs/PR114610FD822AC70142AEB274AF376755C293.PDF">"Issue of ₹500 Banknotes (Press Release)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Press release). <a href="/wiki/Reserve_Bank_of_India" title="Reserve Bank of India">Reserve Bank of India</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190108201007/https://rbidocs.rbi.org.in/rdocs/PressRelease/PDFs/PR114610FD822AC70142AEB274AF376755C293.PDF">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 8 January 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Issue+of+%E2%82%B92000+Banknotes+%28Press+Release%29&rft.pub=Reserve+Bank+of+India&rft.date=2016-11-08&rft.aulast=Killawala&rft.aufirst=Alpana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frbidocs.rbi.org.in%2Frdocs%2FPressRelease%2FPDFs%2FPR1144EFECD860ED0D479D88AB8D5CA036FC35.PDF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+rupee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rbi.org.in/Scripts/BS_PressReleaseDisplay.aspx?prid=41460#mainsection">"RBI Introduces ₹ 200 denomination banknote"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Reserve_Bank_of_India" title="Reserve Bank of India">Reserve Bank of India</a></i>. 24 August 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231005145255/https://rbi.org.in/scripts/BS_PressReleaseDisplay.aspx?prid=41460#mainsection">Archived</a> from the original on 5 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reserve+Bank+of+India&rft.atitle=RBI+Introduces+%E2%82%B9+200+denomination+banknote&rft.date=2017-08-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rbi.org.in%2FScripts%2FBS_PressReleaseDisplay.aspx%3Fprid%3D41460%23mainsection&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+rupee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rbi.org.in/scripts/FS_PressRelease.aspx?prid=44533&fn=2753">"RBI to Issue New Design ₹ 100 Denomination Banknote"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Reserve_Bank_of_India" title="Reserve Bank of India">Reserve Bank of India</a></i>. 19 July 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181225175349/https://rbi.org.in/scripts/FS_PressRelease.aspx?prid=44533&fn=2753">Archived</a> from the original on 25 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reserve+Bank+of+India&rft.atitle=RBI+to+Issue+New+Design+%E2%82%B9+100+Denomination+Banknote&rft.date=2018-07-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frbi.org.in%2Fscripts%2FFS_PressRelease.aspx%3Fprid%3D44533%26fn%3D2753&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+rupee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://m.rbi.org.in//Scripts/BS_PressReleaseDisplay.aspx?prid=46913">"Reserve Bank of India – Press Releases"</a>. <i>rbi.org.in</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231012171214/https://m.rbi.org.in//Scripts/BS_PressReleaseDisplay.aspx?prid=46913">Archived</a> from the original on 12 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=rbi.org.in&rft.atitle=Reserve+Bank+of+India+%E2%80%93+Press+Releases&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fm.rbi.org.in%2F%2FScripts%2FBS_PressReleaseDisplay.aspx%3Fprid%3D46913&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+rupee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rbi.org.in/commonperson/English/Scripts/FAQs.aspx?Id=3443#:~:text=for%20normal%20transactions%3F-,Yes.,or%20before%20September%2030%2C%202023.">"2000 rupee notes withdrawal FAQ"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2000+rupee+notes+withdrawal+FAQ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rbi.org.in%2Fcommonperson%2FEnglish%2FScripts%2FFAQs.aspx%3FId%3D3443%23%3A~%3Atext%3Dfor%2520normal%2520transactions%253F-%2CYes.%2Cor%2520before%2520September%252030%252C%25202023.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+rupee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bis.org/statistics/rpfx22_fx.pdf">Triennial Central Bank Survey Foreign exchange turnover in April 2022</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). <a href="/wiki/Bank_for_International_Settlements" title="Bank for International Settlements">Bank for International Settlements</a>. 27 October 2022. p. 12. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221027140118/https://www.bis.org/statistics/rpfx22_fx.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 27 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Triennial+Central+Bank+Survey+Foreign+exchange+turnover+in+April+2022&rft.pages=12&rft.pub=Bank+for+International+Settlements&rft.date=2022-10-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bis.org%2Fstatistics%2Frpfx22_fx.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+rupee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">"Currency Units". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/33367/33304.pdf"><i>Editorial Style Guide</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 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The Printers Mysore. 29 January 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191108094711/https://www.deccanherald.com/content/383402/indian-rupee-legal-tender-zimbabwe.html">Archived</a> from the original on 8 November 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Deccan+Herald&rft.atitle=Indian+Rupee+to+be+legal+tender+in+Zimbabwe&rft.date=2014-01-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.deccanherald.com%2Fcontent%2F383402%2Findian-rupee-legal-tender-zimbabwe.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+rupee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHungwe2014" class="citation news cs1">Hungwe, Brian (6 February 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-26034078">"Zimbabwe's multi-currency confusion"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190416041444/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-26034078">Archived</a> from the original on 16 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Zimbabwe%27s+multi-currency+confusion&rft.date=2014-02-06&rft.aulast=Hungwe&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-africa-26034078&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+rupee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_rupee&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrause,_Chester_L.Clifford_Mishler1991" class="citation book cs1">Krause, Chester L.; Clifford Mishler (1991). <i><a href="/wiki/Standard_Catalog_of_World_Coins" title="Standard Catalog of World Coins">Standard Catalog of World Coins</a>: 1801–1991</i> (18th ed.). Krause Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0873411501" title="Special:BookSources/0873411501"><bdi>0873411501</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Standard+Catalog+of+World+Coins%3A+1801%E2%80%931991&rft.edition=18th&rft.pub=Krause+Publications&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0873411501&rft.au=Krause%2C+Chester+L.&rft.au=Clifford+Mishler&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+rupee" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPick,_Albert1994" class="citation book cs1">Pick, Albert (1994). Bruce, Colin R. II; Shafer, Neil (eds.). <i><a href="/wiki/Standard_Catalog_of_World_Paper_Money" title="Standard Catalog of World Paper Money">Standard Catalog of World Paper Money</a>: General Issues</i> (7th ed.). Krause Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87341-207-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-87341-207-9"><bdi>0-87341-207-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Standard+Catalog+of+World+Paper+Money%3A+General+Issues&rft.edition=7th&rft.pub=Krause+Publications&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-87341-207-9&rft.au=Pick%2C+Albert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+rupee" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMookerji,_Chandragupta_Maurya_and_His_Times1966" class="citation book cs1">Mookerji, Radhakumud (1966) [1943]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=i-y6ZUheQH8C&pg=PA27"><i>Chandragupta Maurya and His Times</i></a> (Second ed.). Motilal Banarsidass. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-208-0405-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-208-0405-0"><bdi>978-81-208-0405-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200531130644/https://books.google.com/books?id=i-y6ZUheQH8C&pg=PA27%2F">Archived</a> from the original on 31 May 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chandragupta+Maurya+and+His+Times&rft.edition=Second&rft.pub=Motilal+Banarsidass&rft.date=1966&rft.isbn=978-81-208-0405-0&rft.aulast=Mookerji&rft.aufirst=Radhakumud&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Di-y6ZUheQH8C%26pg%3DPA27&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+rupee" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_rupee&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Rupee_(India)" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Rupee (India)">Rupee (India)</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121008074636/http://indianbanknotes.com/book-chapters.html">A gallery of all Indian currency issues</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rbi.org.in/Scripts/pm_republicindia.aspx">"Gallery of Indian Rupee Notes introduced till date"</a>. Reserve Bank of India<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gallery+of+Indian+Rupee+Notes+introduced+till+date&rft.pub=Reserve+Bank+of+India&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rbi.org.in%2FScripts%2Fpm_republicindia.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+rupee" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://onlinecalculator.onl/denomination-calculator/">Denomination Calculator</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bis-ans-ende-der-welt.net/Indien-B-En.htm">The banknotes of India</a> <span class="languageicon">(in English and German)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldbanknotescatalog.com/india">Banknotes catalog of India</a> <span class="languageicon">(in English)</span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Indian_rupee_(₹)151" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Indian_currency" title="Template:Indian currency"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Indian_currency" title="Template talk:Indian currency"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Indian_currency" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Indian currency"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Indian_rupee_(₹)151" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Indian rupee</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indian_rupee_sign" title="Indian rupee sign">₹</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subunits</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Indian_pie" title="Indian pie">Pie</a> (obsolete)</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Indian_anna" title="Indian anna">Anna</a> (obsolete)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_paisa" title="Indian paisa">Paisa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Coins_of_the_Indian_rupee" title="Coins of the Indian rupee">Coins</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_50-paise_coin" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian 50-paise coin">50</a><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_Paisa_symbol.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Indian_Paisa_symbol.svg/10px-Indian_Paisa_symbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Indian_Paisa_symbol.svg/15px-Indian_Paisa_symbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Indian_Paisa_symbol.svg/20px-Indian_Paisa_symbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="503" /></a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span><a href="/wiki/Indian_1-rupee_coin" title="Indian 1-rupee coin">1</a></li> <li><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span><a href="/wiki/Indian_2-rupee_coin" title="Indian 2-rupee coin">2</a></li> <li><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span><a href="/wiki/Indian_5-rupee_coin" title="Indian 5-rupee coin">5</a></li> <li><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span><a href="/wiki/Indian_10-rupee_coin" title="Indian 10-rupee coin">10</a></li> <li><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span><a href="/wiki/Indian_20-rupee_coin" title="Indian 20-rupee coin">20</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Obsolete</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_1-paisa_coin" title="Indian 1-paisa coin">1 paisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_2-paisa_coin" title="Indian 2-paisa coin">2 paise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_3-paise_coin" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian 3-paise coin">3 paise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_5-paise_coin" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian 5-paise coin">5 paise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_10-paisa_coin" title="Indian 10-paisa coin">10 paise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_20-paisa_coin" title="Indian 20-paisa coin">20 paise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_25-paisa_coin" title="Indian 25-paisa coin">25 paise</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Banknotes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Series</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lion_Capital_Series" title="Lion Capital Series">Lion Capital Series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi_Series" title="Mahatma Gandhi Series">Mahatma Gandhi Series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi_New_Series" title="Mahatma Gandhi New Series">Mahatma Gandhi New Series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_rupee" title="Digital rupee">Digital rupee</a> (e<span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Denominations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span><a href="/wiki/Indian_1-rupee_note" title="Indian 1-rupee note">1</a></li> <li><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span><a href="/wiki/Indian_5-rupee_note" title="Indian 5-rupee note">5</a></li> <li><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span><a href="/wiki/Indian_10-rupee_note" title="Indian 10-rupee note">10</a></li> <li><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span><a href="/wiki/Indian_20-rupee_note" title="Indian 20-rupee note">20</a></li> <li><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span><a href="/wiki/Indian_50-rupee_note" title="Indian 50-rupee note">50</a></li> <li><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span><a href="/wiki/Indian_100-rupee_note" title="Indian 100-rupee note">100</a></li> <li><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span><a href="/wiki/Indian_200-rupee_note" title="Indian 200-rupee note">200</a></li> <li><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span><a href="/wiki/Indian_500-rupee_note" title="Indian 500-rupee note">500</a></li> <li><i>obsolete</i> <ul><li><i><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span><a href="/wiki/Indian_2-rupee_note" title="Indian 2-rupee note">2</a></i></li> <li><i><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span><a href="/wiki/Indian_1000-rupee_note" title="Indian 1000-rupee note">1000</a></i></li> <li><i><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span><a href="/wiki/Indian_2000-rupee_note" title="Indian 2000-rupee note">2000</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Symbol</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_rupee_sign" title="Indian rupee sign">Indian rupee sign</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mint_(coin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mint (coin)">Mints</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/India_Government_Mint" title="India Government Mint">India Government Mint</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/India_Government_Mint,_Hyderabad" title="India Government Mint, Hyderabad">Hyderabad Mint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_Government_Mint,_Kolkata" title="India Government Mint, Kolkata">Kolkata Mint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_Government_Mint,_Mumbai" title="India Government Mint, Mumbai">Mumbai Mint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_Government_Mint,_Noida" title="India Government Mint, Noida">Noida Mint</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Banknotes" class="mw-redirect" title="Banknotes">Printers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Security_Printing_and_Minting_Corporation_of_India" title="Security Printing and Minting Corporation of India">SPMCIL</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nashik" title="Nashik">Nashik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dewas" title="Dewas">Dewas</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Reserve_Bank_Note_Mudran" title="Bharatiya Reserve Bank Note Mudran">BRBNML</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mysore" title="Mysore">Mysore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salboni" title="Salboni">Salboni</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reserve_Bank_of_India" title="Reserve Bank of India">Reserve Bank of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Payments_Corporation_of_India" title="National Payments Corporation of India">National Payments Corporation of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_India" title="Economy of India">Economy of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_High_Denomination_Bank_Notes_(Demonetisation)_Act,_1978" title="The High Denomination Bank Notes (Demonetisation) Act, 1978">1978 demonetisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Indian_banknote_demonetisation" title="2016 Indian banknote demonetisation">2016 demonetisation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Historic_currencies_of_India217" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Historic_Indian_currency_and_coinage" title="Template:Historic Indian currency and coinage"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Historic_Indian_currency_and_coinage" title="Template talk:Historic Indian currency and coinage"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Historic_Indian_currency_and_coinage" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Historic Indian currency and coinage"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Historic_currencies_of_India217" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Category:Historical_currencies_of_India" title="Category:Historical currencies of India">Historic currencies of India</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Overview</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_rupee" title="History of the rupee">History of the rupee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coinage_of_India" title="Coinage of India">Coinage of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coinage_of_Asia" title="Coinage of Asia">Coinage of Asia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ancient and medieval</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Punch-marked_coins" title="Punch-marked coins">Punch-marked coins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arched-hill_symbol" title="Arched-hill symbol">Arched-hill symbol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-Mauryan_coinage" title="Post-Mauryan coinage">Post-Mauryan coinage</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Post-Mauryan_coinage_of_Gandhara" title="Post-Mauryan coinage of Gandhara">Gandhara</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narwar_coinage" title="Narwar coinage">Narwar coinage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kushan_coinage" title="Kushan coinage">Kushan coinage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Sasanian_coinage" title="Indo-Sasanian coinage">Indo-Sasanian coinage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Greek_coinage" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Greek coinage">Indo-Greek coinage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallava_coinage" title="Pallava coinage">Pallava coinage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandya_coinage" title="Pandya coinage">Pandya coinage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_currency" title="Mughal currency">Mughal currency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijayanagara_coinage" title="Vijayanagara coinage">Vijayanagara coinage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Setu_coins" title="Setu coins">Setu coins</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Near modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coins_of_British_India" title="Coins of British India">British Indian coinage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_India_Company_coinage" title="Dutch East India Company coinage">Dutch Indian coinage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyderabadi_rupee" title="Hyderabadi rupee">Hyderabadi rupee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travancore_Rupee" title="Travancore Rupee">Travancore Rupee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kutch_kori" title="Kutch kori">Kutch kori</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Banknotes_of_Kutch" title="Banknotes of Kutch">Banknotes of Kutch</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_Indian_rupee" title="Danish Indian rupee">Danish Indian rupee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Indian_rupee" title="French Indian rupee">French Indian rupee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Indian_rupia" title="Portuguese Indian rupia">Portuguese Indian rupia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Indian_escudo" title="Portuguese Indian escudo">Portuguese Indian escudo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banknote_of_Ambliara" title="Banknote of Ambliara">Banknote of Ambliara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postal_orders_of_the_Indian_Field_Force_in_Egypt" title="Postal orders of the Indian Field Force in Egypt">Indian postal orders in Egypt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Indian rupee</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Gulf_rupee" title="Gulf rupee">Gulf rupee</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_rupee" title="Pakistani rupee">Pakistani rupee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_rupee" title="Sri Lankan rupee">Sri Lankan rupee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_rupee" title="Nepalese rupee">Nepalese rupee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhutanese_ngultrum" title="Bhutanese ngultrum">Bhutanese ngultrum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldivian_rufiyaa" title="Maldivian rufiyaa">Maldivian rufiyaa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Denomination_(currency)" title="Denomination (currency)">Denomination</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paisa" title="Paisa">Paisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_pie" title="Indian pie">Indian pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_taka" title="History of the taka">Taka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_anna" title="Indian anna">Anna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohur" title="Mohur">Mohur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashrafi" title="Ashrafi">Ashrafi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cash_(currency)" title="Cash (currency)">Cash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dam_(Indian_coin)" title="Dam (Indian coin)">Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cowrie" title="Cowrie">Cowrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinar" title="Dinar">Dinar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larin_(currency)" title="Larin (currency)">Larin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tola_(unit)" title="Tola (unit)">Tola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masha_(unit)" title="Masha (unit)">Masha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pagoda_(coin)" title="Pagoda (coin)">Pagoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karshapana" title="Karshapana">Karshapana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shivrai" title="Shivrai">Shivrai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madras_fanam" title="Madras fanam">Madras fanam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travancore_Fanam" title="Travancore Fanam">Travancore fanam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>See also: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_India" title="Economy of India">Economy of India</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Pakistan" title="Economy of Pakistan">Economy of Pakistan</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Currencies_named_rupee_or_similar100" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Rupee" title="Template:Rupee"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Rupee" title="Template talk:Rupee"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Rupee" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Rupee"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Currencies_named_rupee_or_similar100" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Currency" title="Currency">Currencies</a> named <i><a href="/wiki/Rupee" title="Rupee">rupee</a></i> or similar</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Circulating</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhutanese_ngultrum" title="Bhutanese ngultrum">Bhutanese ngultrum</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Indian rupee</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_rupee" title="Digital rupee">Digital rupee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_rupiah" title="Indonesian rupiah">Indonesian rupiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldivian_rufiyaa" title="Maldivian rufiyaa">Maldivian rufiyaa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritian_rupee" title="Mauritian rupee">Mauritian rupee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_rupee" title="Nepalese rupee">Nepalese rupee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_rupee" title="Pakistani rupee">Pakistani rupee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seychellois_rupee" title="Seychellois rupee">Seychellois rupee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_rupee" title="Sri Lankan rupee">Sri Lankan rupee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Obsolete</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_rupee" title="Afghan rupee">Afghan rupee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_rupee" title="Burmese rupee">Burmese rupee</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_government-issued_rupee_in_Burma" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese government-issued rupee in Burma">Japanese occupation rupee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_Indian_rupee" title="Danish Indian rupee">Danish Indian rupee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_African_rupee" title="East African rupee">East African rupee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Indian_rupee" title="French Indian rupee">French Indian roupie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_East_African_rupie" title="German East African rupie">German East African rupie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_rupee" title="Gulf rupee">Gulf rupee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyderabadi_rupee" title="Hyderabadi rupee">Hyderabadi rupee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Somaliland_rupia" title="Italian Somaliland rupia">Italian Somaliland rupia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javan_rupee" class="mw-redirect" title="Javan rupee">Javan rupee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mombasan_rupee" title="Mombasan rupee">Mombasan rupee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_government-issued_currency_in_the_Dutch_East_Indies" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese government-issued currency in the Dutch East Indies">Netherlands Indian roepiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Indian_rupia" title="Portuguese Indian rupia">Portuguese Indian rupia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riau_rupiah" title="Riau rupiah">Riau rupiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travancore_rupee" class="mw-redirect" title="Travancore rupee">Travancore rupee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Irian_rupiah" title="West Irian rupiah">West Irian rupiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanzibari_rupee" title="Zanzibari rupee">Zanzibari rupee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Conceptual</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_oil_bourse#Opening" title="Iranian oil bourse">Petrorupee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fictional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Universe_of_The_Legend_of_Zelda#Hyrule" title="Universe of The Legend of Zelda">Hylian rupee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rupee_sign" title="Rupee sign">Rupee sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_rupee_sign" title="Indian rupee sign">Indian rupee sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_rupee" title="History of the rupee">History of the rupee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_taka" title="History of the taka">History of the taka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paisa" title="Paisa">Paisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_anna" title="Indian anna">Anna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_pie" title="Indian pie">Pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larin_(currency)" title="Larin (currency)">Larin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohur" title="Mohur">Mohur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashrafi" title="Ashrafi">Ashrafi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cash_(currency)" title="Cash (currency)">Cash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dam_(Indian_coin)" title="Dam (Indian coin)">Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cowrie" title="Cowrie">Cowrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinar" title="Dinar">Dinar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tola_(unit)" title="Tola (unit)">Tola</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Currencies_of_Asia52" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Currencies_of_Asia" title="Template:Currencies of Asia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Currencies_of_Asia" title="Template talk:Currencies of Asia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Currencies_of_Asia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Currencies of Asia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Currencies_of_Asia52" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Currencies of Asia</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstani_tenge" title="Kazakhstani tenge">Kazakhstani tenge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_som" title="Kyrgyz som">Kyrgyz som</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajikistani_somoni" title="Tajikistani somoni">Tajikistani somoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmen_manat" title="Turkmen manat">Turkmen manat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbekistani_sum" title="Uzbekistani sum">Uzbekistani sum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">East</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi">Renminbi</a> (yuan)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_dollar" title="Hong Kong dollar">Hong Kong dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_yen" title="Japanese yen">Japanese yen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korean_won" title="North Korean won">North Korean won</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korean_won" title="South Korean won">South Korean won</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macanese_pataca" title="Macanese pataca">Macanese pataca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_t%C3%B6gr%C3%B6g" title="Mongolian tögrög">Mongolian tögrög</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Taiwan_dollar" title="New Taiwan dollar">New Taiwan dollar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_ruble" title="Russian ruble">Russian ruble</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_afghani" title="Afghan afghani">Afghan afghani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_taka" title="Bangladeshi taka">Bangladeshi taka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhutanese_ngultrum" title="Bhutanese ngultrum">Bhutanese ngultrum</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Indian rupee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldivian_rufiyaa" title="Maldivian rufiyaa">Maldivian rufiyaa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_rupee" title="Nepalese rupee">Nepalese rupee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_rupee" title="Pakistani rupee">Pakistani rupee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pound_sterling" title="Pound sterling">Pound sterling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_rupee" title="Sri Lankan rupee">Sri Lankan rupee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">U.S. dollar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southeast</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_dollar" title="Australian dollar">Australian dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunei_dollar" title="Brunei dollar">Brunei dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_riel" title="Cambodian riel">Cambodian riel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_rupiah" title="Indonesian rupiah">Indonesian rupiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_kip" title="Lao kip">Lao kip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_ringgit" title="Malaysian ringgit">Malaysian ringgit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar_kyat" title="Myanmar kyat">Myanmar kyat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_peso" title="Philippine peso">Philippine peso (<i>piso</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore_dollar" title="Singapore dollar">Singapore dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_baht" title="Thai baht">Thai baht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">U.S. dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_%C4%91%E1%BB%93ng" title="Vietnamese đồng">Vietnamese đồng</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">West</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_dram" title="Armenian dram">Armenian dram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_manat" title="Azerbaijani manat">Azerbaijani manat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahraini_dinar" title="Bahraini dinar">Bahraini dinar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_pound" title="Egyptian pound">Egyptian pound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates_dirham" title="United Arab Emirates dirham">Emirati dirham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">Euro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_lari" title="Georgian lari">Georgian lari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_rial" title="Iranian rial">Iranian rial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_dinar" title="Iraqi dinar">Iraqi dinar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_new_shekel" title="Israeli new shekel">Israeli new shekel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordanian_dinar" title="Jordanian dinar">Jordanian dinar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwaiti_dinar" title="Kuwaiti dinar">Kuwaiti dinar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_pound" title="Lebanese pound">Lebanese pound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omani_rial" title="Omani rial">Omani rial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatari_riyal" title="Qatari riyal">Qatari riyal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_riyal" title="Saudi riyal">Saudi riyal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_pound" title="Syrian pound">Syrian pound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_lira" title="Turkish lira">Turkish lira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_rial" title="Yemeni rial">Yemeni rial</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=India&#124;link=India_National_symbols_of_India162" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Symbols_of_India" title="Template:Symbols of India"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Symbols_of_India" title="Template talk:Symbols of India"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Symbols_of_India" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Symbols of India"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=India&#124;link=India_National_symbols_of_India162" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_India" title="National symbols of India">National symbols of India</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Constitutional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_India" title="Flag of India">Flag of India</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Flag)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Emblem_of_India" title="State Emblem of India">Emblem of India</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Emblem)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyameva_Jayate" title="Satyameva Jayate">Satyameva Jayate</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Motto)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jana_Gana_Mana" title="Jana Gana Mana">Jana Gana Mana</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Anthem)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vande_Mataram" title="Vande Mataram">Vande Mataram</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Song)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Pledge_(India)" title="National Pledge (India)">National Pledge</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Pledge)</span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_India.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/80px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/120px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/160px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="933" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Flora and fauna</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_tiger" title="Bengal tiger">Bengal tiger</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Animal)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_peafowl" title="Indian peafowl">Indian peafowl</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Bird)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelumbo_nucifera" title="Nelumbo nucifera">Lotus</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Flower)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ficus_benghalensis" title="Ficus benghalensis">Banyan</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Tree)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangifera_indica" title="Mangifera indica">Mango</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Fruit)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_elephant" title="Indian elephant">Indian elephant</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Heritage animal)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganges_river_dolphin" title="Ganges river dolphin">Ganges river dolphin</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Aquatic animal)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_cobra" title="King cobra">King cobra</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Reptile)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lactobacillus_delbrueckii_subsp._bulgaricus" title="Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus">Lactobacillus bulgaricus</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Microber)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Days</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Independence_Day_(India)" title="Independence Day (India)">Independence Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_Day_(India)" title="Republic Day (India)">Republic Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhi_Jayanti" title="Gandhi Jayanti">Gandhi Jayanti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Indian rupee</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Currency)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganges" title="Ganges">Ganges</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(River)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_national_calendar" title="Indian national calendar">Indian Calendar</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Calendar)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=India&#124;link=India_Economy_of_India623" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Economy_of_India" title="Template:Economy of India"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Economy_of_India" title="Template talk:Economy of India"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Economy_of_India" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Economy of India"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=India&#124;link=India_Economy_of_India623" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_India" title="Economy of India">Economy of India</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_India" title="List of companies of India">Companies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BSE_SENSEX" title="BSE SENSEX">BSE SENSEX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NIFTY_50" title="NIFTY 50">NIFTY 50</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Governance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Finance_(India)" title="Ministry of Finance (India)">Ministry of Finance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Finance_(India)" title="Minister of Finance (India)">Finance ministers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Commerce_and_Industry_(India)" title="Ministry of Commerce and Industry (India)">Ministry of Commerce and Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finance_Commission" title="Finance Commission">Finance Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Advisory_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic Advisory Council">Economic Advisory Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Statistics_Office_(India)" title="Central Statistics Office (India)">Central Statistical Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Securities_and_Exchange_Board_of_India" title="Securities and Exchange Board of India">Securities and Exchange Board of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enforcement_Directorate" title="Enforcement Directorate">Enforcement Directorate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/External_debt_of_India" title="External debt of India">External debt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_trade_of_India" title="Foreign trade of India">Foreign trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_direct_investment_in_India" title="Foreign direct investment in India">Foreign direct investment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign-exchange_reserves_of_India" title="Foreign-exchange reserves of India">Foreign exchange reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remittances_to_India" title="Remittances to India">Remittances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_India" title="Taxation in India">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subsidies_in_India" title="Subsidies in India">Subsidies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_licensing_in_India" title="Industrial licensing in India">Industrial licensing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Voluntary_Guidelines_on_Social,_Environmental_and_Economic_Responsibilities_of_Business" title="National Voluntary Guidelines on Social, Environmental and Economic Responsibilities of Business">Voluntary guidelines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NITI_Aayog" title="NITI Aayog">NITI Aayog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Make_in_India" title="Make in India">Make in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atmanirbhar_Bharat" title="Atmanirbhar Bharat">Atmanirbhar Bharat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Currency</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Indian rupee</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_rupee_sign" title="Indian rupee sign">Sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_rupee" title="History of the rupee">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exchange_rate_history_of_the_Indian_rupee" title="Exchange rate history of the Indian rupee">Historical Forex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_rupee" title="Digital rupee">Digital rupee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coinage_of_India" title="Coinage of India">Coinage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_paisa" title="Indian paisa">Paisa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reserve_Bank_of_India" title="Reserve Bank of India">Reserve Bank of India</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_the_Reserve_Bank_of_India" title="List of governors of the Reserve Bank of India">Governor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_Government_Mint" title="India Government Mint">Mint</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inflation_in_India" title="Inflation in India">Inflation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Financial services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_India" title="Banking in India">Banking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurance_in_India" title="Insurance in India">Insurance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi_Commodity_Exchange" title="Multi Commodity Exchange">Multi Commodity Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gold_(Control)_Act,_1968" title="The Gold (Control) Act, 1968">Bullion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_black_money" title="Indian black money">Black money</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bombay_Stock_Exchange" title="Bombay Stock Exchange">Bombay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Stock_Exchange_of_India" title="National Stock Exchange of India">National</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_India" title="Economic history of India">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_India" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in India">COVID-19 impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_development_in_India" title="Economic development in India">Economic development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_liberalisation_in_India" title="Economic liberalisation in India">Liberalisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Licence_Raj" title="Licence Raj">Licence Raj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Revolution_in_India" title="Green Revolution in India">Green revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_schemes_of_the_government_of_India" title="List of schemes of the government of India">Government initiatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_numbering_system" title="Indian numbering system">Numbering system</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indians_by_net_worth" title="List of Indians by net worth">Billionaires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_India" title="Demographics of India">Demography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Income_in_India" title="Income in India">Income</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_India" title="Poverty in India">Poverty</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_labour_law" title="Indian labour law">Labour law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pensions_in_India" title="Pensions in India">Pensions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Employees%27_Provident_Fund_Organisation" title="Employees' Provident Fund Organisation">EPFO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Pension_Scheme" class="mw-redirect" title="National Pension Scheme">NPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Provident_Fund_(India)" title="Public Provident Fund (India)">PPF</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By state</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Andhra_Pradesh" title="Economy of Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Assam" title="Economy of Assam">Assam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Bihar" title="Economy of Bihar">Bihar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Delhi" title="Economy of Delhi">Delhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Goa" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of Goa">Goa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Gujarat" title="Economy of Gujarat">Gujarat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Haryana" title="Economy of Haryana">Haryana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Himachal_Pradesh" title="Economy of Himachal Pradesh">Himachal Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of Jammu and Kashmir">Jammu and Kashmir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Jharkhand" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of Jharkhand">Jharkhand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Karnataka" title="Economy of Karnataka">Karnataka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Kerala" title="Economy of Kerala">Kerala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Ladakh" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of Ladakh">Ladakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Madhya_Pradesh" title="Economy of Madhya Pradesh">Madhya Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Maharashtra" title="Economy of Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Mizoram" title="Economy of Mizoram">Mizoram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Odisha" title="Economy of Odisha">Odisha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Punjab,_India" title="Economy of Punjab, India">Punjab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Rajasthan" title="Economy of Rajasthan">Rajasthan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Tamil_Nadu" title="Economy of Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Telangana" title="Economy of Telangana">Telangana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Uttarakhand" title="Economy of Uttarakhand">Uttarakhand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Uttar_Pradesh" title="Economy of Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_West_Bengal" title="Economy of West Bengal">West Bengal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sectors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_India" title="Agriculture in India">Agriculture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animal_husbandry_in_India" title="Animal husbandry in India">Livestock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_in_India" title="Fishing in India">Fishing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_India" title="Automotive industry in India">Automotive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_industry_in_India" title="Chemical industry in India">Chemical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Construction_industry_of_India" title="Construction industry of India">Construction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_industry_of_India" title="Defence industry of India">Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_India" title="Education in India">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_India" title="Energy in India">Energy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_India" title="Electricity sector in India">Electricity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_India" title="Nuclear power in India">Nuclear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_and_gas_industry_in_India" title="Oil and gas industry in India">Oil and gas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_India" title="Solar power in India">Solar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_India" title="Wind power in India">Wind</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronics_and_semiconductor_manufacturing_industry_in_India" title="Electronics and semiconductor manufacturing industry in India">Electronics and semiconductor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entertainment_industry_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Entertainment industry in India">Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forestry_in_India" title="Forestry in India">Forestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambling_in_India" title="Gambling in India">Gambling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_India" title="Healthcare in India">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_technology_in_India" title="Information technology in India">Information technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of India">Media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_India" title="Cinema of India">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FM_broadcasting_in_India" title="FM broadcasting in India">FM Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_India" title="Television in India">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Printing_industry_in_India" title="Printing industry in India">Printing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_India" title="Mining in India">Mining</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coal_in_India" title="Coal in India">Coal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_and_steel_industry_in_India" title="Iron and steel industry in India">Iron and Steel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharmaceutical_industry_in_India" title="Pharmaceutical industry in India">Pharmaceuticals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulp_and_paper_industry_in_India" title="Pulp and paper industry in India">Pulp and paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retailing_in_India" title="Retailing in India">Retail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_India" title="Science and technology in India">Science and technology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biotechnology_in_India" title="Biotechnology in India">Biotechnology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_industry_of_India" title="Space industry of India">Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_India" title="Telecommunications in India">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textile_industry_in_India" title="Textile industry in India">Textiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_India" title="Tourism in India">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_India" title="Transport in India">Transport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aviation_in_India" title="Aviation in India">Aviation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_aviation_in_India" title="Civil aviation in India">Civil</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ports_in_India" title="List of ports in India">Ports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_India" title="Rail transport in India">Rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roads_in_India" title="Roads in India">Roads</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_electricity_organisations_in_India" title="List of electricity organisations in India">Electricity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_India" title="Water supply and sanitation in India">Water</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regulator</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Insurance_Regulatory_and_Development_Authority" title="Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority">IRDAI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reserve_Bank_of_India" title="Reserve Bank of India">RBI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SEBI" class="mw-redirect" title="SEBI">SEBI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insolvency_and_Bankruptcy_Board_of_India" title="Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India">IBBI</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Company_Law_Tribunal" title="National Company Law Tribunal">NCLT</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Company_Law_Appellate_Tribunal" title="National Company Law Appellate Tribunal">NCLAT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Board_for_Industrial_and_Financial_Reconstruction" title="Board for Industrial and Financial Reconstruction">BIFR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insolvency_and_Bankruptcy_Board_of_India" title="Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India">IBBI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insolvency_and_Bankruptcy_Code,_2016" title="Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016">IBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Securitisation_and_Reconstruction_of_Financial_Assets_and_Enforcement_of_Security_Interest_Act,_2002" title="Securitisation and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest Act, 2002">SARFESI Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Income-tax_Act,_1961" class="mw-redirect" title="Income-tax Act, 1961">Income Tax Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Companies_Act,_2013" class="mw-redirect" title="Companies Act, 2013">Companies Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banking_Regulation_Act,_1949" title="Banking Regulation Act, 1949">Banking Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurance_Act,_1938" title="Insurance Act, 1938">Insurance Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Exchange_Management_Act" title="Foreign Exchange Management Act">FEMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Consensus" title="Mumbai Consensus">Mumbai Consensus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Economy_of_India" title="Category:Economy of India">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Economy_of_India" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Economy of India">Commons</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Wikiquote page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/13px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/20px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/27px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span> <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Economy_of_India" class="extiw" title="wikiquote:Economy of India">Wikiquotes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="←_British_Ceylon_period_topics_→645" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:British_Ceylon_period_topics" title="Template:British Ceylon period topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:British_Ceylon_period_topics" title="Template talk:British Ceylon period topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:British_Ceylon_period_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:British Ceylon period topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="←_British_Ceylon_period_topics_→645" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Kandyan_period_topics" title="Template:Kandyan period topics">←</a> <a href="/wiki/British_Ceylon_period" class="mw-redirect" title="British Ceylon period">British Ceylon period</a> topics <a href="/wiki/Template:Sri_Lanka_topics" title="Template:Sri Lanka topics">→</a></li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/British_Ceylon" title="British Ceylon">British Ceylon</a> 1815 – 1948</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Background</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Outline of Sri Lanka">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Bibliography of Sri Lanka">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Sri_Lankan_history" title="Timeline of Sri Lankan history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_years_in_Sri_Lanka" title="List of years in Sri Lanka">Years</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kandyan_period" title="Kandyan period">Kandyan period</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/British_Ceylon_period" class="mw-redirect" title="British Ceylon period">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Ceylon_(1795)" class="mw-redirect" title="Invasion of Ceylon (1795)">Invasion of Ceylon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kandyan_Wars" title="Kandyan Wars">Kandyan Wars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Rebellion_of_1817%E2%80%9318" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Rebellion of 1817–18">Great Rebellion of 1817–18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kandyan_Convention" title="Kandyan Convention">Kandyan Convention</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matale_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Matale Rebellion">Matale Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kandyan_Convention" title="Kandyan Convention">Kandyan Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_independence_movement" title="Sri Lankan independence movement">Sri Lankan independence movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temperance_movement_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Temperance movement in Sri Lanka">Temperance movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1906_malaria_outbreak_in_Ceylon" title="1906 malaria outbreak in Ceylon">1906 malaria outbreak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1915_Ceylonese_riots" class="mw-redirect" title="1915 Ceylonese riots">1915 Ceylonese riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suriya-Mal_Movement" title="Suriya-Mal Movement">Suriya-Mal Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceylon_in_World_War_II" title="Ceylon in World War II">Ceylon in World War II</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cocos_Islands_mutiny" title="Cocos Islands mutiny">Cocos Islands mutiny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_East_Asia_Command" title="South East Asia Command">South East Asia Command</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Government</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Law</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colebrooke%E2%80%93Cameron_Commission" title="Colebrooke–Cameron Commission">Colebrooke–Cameron Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donoughmore_Commission" title="Donoughmore Commission">Donoughmore Commission</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Donoughmore_Constitution" title="Donoughmore Constitution">Donoughmore Constitution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soulbury_Commission" title="Soulbury Commission">Soulbury Commission</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soulbury_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Soulbury Constitution">Soulbury Constitution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Capital of Sri Lanka">Capital city</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legislature</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Council_of_Ceylon" title="Legislative Council of Ceylon">Legislative Council of Ceylon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Council_of_Ceylon" title="State Council of Ceylon">State Council of Ceylon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Judiciary of Sri Lanka">Judiciary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Supreme Court of Sri Lanka">Supreme Court</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Chief Justice of Sri Lanka">Chief Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Justices_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_Sri_Lanka" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Justices of the Supreme Court of Sri Lanka">Justices</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attorney_General_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Attorney General of Sri Lanka">Attorney General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solicitor_General_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Solicitor General of Sri Lanka">Solicitor General</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Executive</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Ceylon" title="Governor-General of Ceylon">Governor-General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceylon_Civil_Service" title="Ceylon Civil Service">Ceylon Civil Service</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Council_of_Ceylon" title="Executive Council of Ceylon">Executive Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ceylonese_executive_councils" title="List of Ceylonese executive councils">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governors_of_British_Ceylon" title="Governors of British Ceylon">Governor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Secretary_of_Ceylon" title="Chief Secretary of Ceylon">Colonial Secretary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attorney_General_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Attorney General of Sri Lanka">Attorney General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auditor_General_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Auditor General of Sri Lanka">Colonial Auditor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treasurer_of_Ceylon" class="mw-redirect" title="Treasurer of Ceylon">Treasurer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Officer_Commanding,_Ceylon" title="General Officer Commanding, Ceylon">General Officer Commanding, Ceylon</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Board_of_Ministers_of_Ceylon" class="mw-redirect" title="Board of Ministers of Ceylon">Board of Ministers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ceylonese_executive_councils" title="List of Ceylonese executive councils">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governors_of_British_Ceylon" title="Governors of British Ceylon">Governor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Secretary_of_Ceylon" title="Chief Secretary of Ceylon">Chief Secretary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_Secretary_of_Ceylon" title="Legal Secretary of Ceylon">Legal Secretary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_Secretary_of_Ceylon" title="Financial Secretary of Ceylon">Financial Secretary</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Military</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ceylon_Defence_Force" title="Ceylon Defence Force">Ceylon Defence Force</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commander_of_the_Ceylon_Defence_Force" title="Commander of the Ceylon Defence Force">Commanders</a></li></ul></li> <li>British Military in Ceylon <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commander-in-Chief,_Ceylon" title="Commander-in-Chief, Ceylon">Commander-in-Chief, Ceylon</a> (Unified)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Officer_Commanding,_Ceylon" title="General Officer Commanding, Ceylon">General Officer Commanding, Ceylon</a> (Army)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Amiens" title="Treaty of Amiens">Treaty of Amiens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kandyan_Convention" title="Kandyan Convention">Kandyan Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceylon_National_Congress" title="Ceylon National Congress">Ceylon National Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_headmen_of_Ceylon" title="Native headmen of Ceylon">Native headmen system</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sri_Lankan_nationalism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sri Lankan nationalism (page does not exist)">Sri Lankan nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Women's suffrage in Sri Lanka">Women's suffrage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youth_Leagues_(Ceylon)" title="Youth Leagues (Ceylon)">Youth Leagues</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jaffna_Youth_Congress" title="Jaffna Youth Congress">Jaffna Youth Congress</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Economy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Board_of_Commissioners_of_Currency_of_Ceylon" title="Board of Commissioners of Currency of Ceylon">Board of Commissioners of Currency of Ceylon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_rupee" title="Sri Lankan rupee">Rupee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pound_sterling" title="Pound sterling">British pound</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Indian rupee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinnamon_production_in_Sri_Lanka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinnamon production in Sri Lanka (page does not exist)">Cinnamon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocoa_production_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Cocoa production in Sri Lanka">Cocoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coconut_production_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Coconut production in Sri Lanka">Coconut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_production_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Coffee production in Sri Lanka">Coffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubber_production_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Rubber production in Sri Lanka">Rubber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_production_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Tea production in Sri Lanka">Tea production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean_slave_trade" title="Indian Ocean slave trade">Indian Ocean slave trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangani_system" title="Kangani system">Kangani system</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colonial_architecture_of_Sri_Lanka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Colonial architecture of Sri Lanka (page does not exist)">Architecture</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_British_colonial_buildings_in_Sri_Lanka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of British colonial buildings in Sri Lanka (page does not exist)">British buildings</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_place_name_etymology" title="Sri Lankan place name etymology">Place names</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_locations_in_Sri_Lanka_with_an_English_name" title="List of locations in Sri Lanka with an English name">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locations_in_Sri_Lanka_with_a_Scottish_name" title="Locations in Sri Lanka with a Scottish name">Scottish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_music_in_Sri_Lanka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Western music in Sri Lanka (page does not exist)">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinhalese_porcupine_quill_boxes" title="Sinhalese porcupine quill boxes">Sinhalese porcupine quill boxes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_class_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Social class in Sri Lanka">Social class</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related peoples</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_people_in_Sri_Lanka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="British people in Sri Lanka (page does not exist)">British</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Moors" title="Indian Moors">Indian Moors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Tamils_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Indian Tamils of Sri Lanka">Indian Tamils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_Malays" title="Sri Lankan Malays">Malays</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Languages of Sri Lanka">Languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_English" title="Sri Lankan English">Sri Lankan English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_Creole_Malay" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Lankan Creole Malay">Sri Lankan Creole Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sinhala_words_of_English_origin" title="List of Sinhala words of English origin">Sinhala words of English origin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Christianity in Sri Lanka">Religion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Protestantism in Sri Lanka">Protestantism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Ceylon" title="Church of Ceylon">Church of Ceylon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Bishop_of_Colombo" title="Anglican Bishop of Colombo">Bishop of Colombo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methodist_Church_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Methodist Church in Sri Lanka">Methodist Church in Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Ceylon_Mission" title="American Ceylon Mission">American Ceylon Mission</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batticotta_Seminary" title="Batticotta Seminary">Batticotta Seminary</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wesleyan_Methodist_Mission,_North_Ceylon" title="Wesleyan Methodist Mission, North Ceylon">Wesleyan Methodist Mission, North Ceylon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanka_Lutheran_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Lanka Lutheran Church">Lanka Lutheran Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Pentecostal_Mission" title="The Pentecostal Mission">The Pentecostal Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Baptist_Sangamaya" title="Sri Lanka Baptist Sangamaya">Sri Lanka Baptist Sangamaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints_in_Sri_Lanka" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Sri Lanka">The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bible_translations_into_Sinhala" title="Bible translations into Sinhala">Bible translations into Sinhala</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_oldest_schools_in_Sri_Lanka" title="List of the oldest schools in Sri Lanka">Schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldivian_Annual_Tribute" title="Maldivian Annual Tribute">Maldivian Annual Tribute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceylonese_recipients_of_British_titles" title="Ceylonese recipients of British titles">Ceylonese recipients of British titles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_awards_and_decorations_of_Sri_Lanka#Former_decorations_&_medals" class="mw-redirect" title="Military awards and decorations of Sri Lanka">Military awards and decorations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Ceylon_(1948%E2%80%931972)" title="Monarchy of Ceylon (1948–1972)">Monarchy of Ceylon (1948–1972)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:British_Ceylon_period&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:British Ceylon period (page does not exist)">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Sri_Lanka" title="Portal:Sri Lanka">Portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="WikiProject"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Sri_Lanka" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Sri Lanka">WikiProject</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Mahatma_Gandhi218" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Template:Mahatma Gandhi"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Template talk:Mahatma Gandhi"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Mahatma Gandhi"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Mahatma_Gandhi218" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Life events<br />and movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ambulance_Corps" title="Indian Ambulance Corps">Indian Ambulance Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolstoy_Farm" title="Tolstoy Farm">Tolstoy Farm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bardoli_Satyagraha" title="Bardoli Satyagraha">Bardoli Satyagraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champaran_Satyagraha" title="Champaran Satyagraha">Champaran Satyagraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kheda_Satyagraha_of_1918" title="Kheda Satyagraha of 1918">Kheda Satyagraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_independence_movement#Gandhi_arrives_in_India" title="Indian independence movement">Indian independence movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-cooperation_movement_(1919%E2%80%931922)" title="Non-cooperation movement (1919–1922)">Non-cooperation movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chauri_Chaura_incident" title="Chauri Chaura incident">Chauri Chaura incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purna_Swaraj" title="Purna Swaraj">Purna Swaraj</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_India" title="Flag of India">flag</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt_March" title="Salt March">Salt March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharasana_Satyagraha" title="Dharasana Satyagraha">Dharasana Satyagraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaikom_Satyagraha" title="Vaikom Satyagraha">Vaikom Satyagraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aundh_Experiment" title="Aundh Experiment">Aundh Experiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhi%E2%80%93Irwin_Pact" title="Gandhi–Irwin Pact">Gandhi–Irwin Pact</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Round_Table_Conferences_(India)#Second_Round_Table_Conference_(September_–_December_1931)" title="Round Table Conferences (India)">Second Round Table Conference</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padayatra" title="Padayatra">Padayatra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poona_Pact" title="Poona Pact">Poona Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natal_Indian_Congress" title="Natal Indian Congress">Natal Indian Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quit_India_Movement" title="Quit India Movement">Quit India</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quit_India_speech" title="Quit India speech">speech</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarat_Vidyapith" title="Gujarat Vidyapith">Gujarat Vidyapith University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harijan_Sevak_Sangh" title="Harijan Sevak Sangh">Harijan Sevak Sangh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kochrab_Ashram" title="Kochrab Ashram">India ashrams (Kochrab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabarmati_Ashram" title="Sabarmati Ashram">Sabarmati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhi_Memorial_Asram" title="Gandhi Memorial Asram">Sodepur Khadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sevagram" title="Sevagram">Sevagram)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fasts_undertaken_by_Mahatma_Gandhi" title="List of fasts undertaken by Mahatma Gandhi">List of fasts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Assassination of Mahatma Gandhi">Assassination</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Philosophy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Practices_and_beliefs_of_Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Practices and beliefs of Mahatma Gandhi">Practices and beliefs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Composite_nationalism" title="Composite nationalism">Composite nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhism" title="Gandhism">Gandhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhian_economics" title="Gandhian economics">Economics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trusteeship_(Gandhism)" title="Trusteeship (Gandhism)">trusteeship</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nai_Talim" title="Nai Talim">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarvodaya" title="Sarvodaya">Sarvodaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyagraha" title="Satyagraha">Satyagraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swadeshi_movement" title="Swadeshi movement">Swadeshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swaraj" title="Swaraj">Swaraj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleven_vows" title="Eleven vows">Eleven vows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhi_cap" title="Gandhi cap">Gandhi cap</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gandhi_Heritage_Portal" title="Gandhi Heritage Portal">Publications</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harijan_(magazine)" title="Harijan (magazine)"><i>Harijan</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hind_Swaraj_or_Indian_Home_Rule" title="Hind Swaraj or Indian Home Rule"><i>Hind Swaraj (Indian Home Rule)</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Indian_Opinion" title="Indian Opinion">Indian Opinion</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Story_of_My_Experiments_with_Truth" title="The Story of My Experiments with Truth">The Story of My Experiments with Truth</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mangal_Prabhat" title="Mangal Prabhat">Mangal Prabhat</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_India" title="Young India"><i>Young India</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Social_Sins" title="Seven Social Sins">Seven Social Sins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navajivan_Trust" title="Navajivan Trust">Navajivan Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhi_Heritage_Portal" title="Gandhi Heritage Portal">Gandhi Heritage Portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Influences</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/A_Letter_to_a_Hindu" title="A Letter to a Hindu">A Letter to a Hindu</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahimsa" title="Ahimsa">Ahimsa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nonviolence" title="Nonviolence">nonviolence</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bhagavad_Gita" title="Bhagavad Gita">Bhagavad Gita</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_David_Thoreau" title="Henry David Thoreau">Henry David Thoreau</a> (<a href="/wiki/Civil_Disobedience_(Thoreau)" title="Civil Disobedience (Thoreau)"><i>Civil Disobedience</i> (essay)</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_disobedience" title="Civil disobedience">Civil disobedience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasting" title="Fasting">Fasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khadi" title="Khadi">Khadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ruskin" title="John Ruskin">John Ruskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parsee_Rustomjee" title="Parsee Rustomjee">Parsee Rustomjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Tolstoy" title="Leo Tolstoy">Leo Tolstoy</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/The_Kingdom_of_God_Is_Within_You" title="The Kingdom of God Is Within You">The Kingdom of God Is Within You</a></i>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Masque_of_Anarchy" title="The Masque of Anarchy">The Masque of Anarchy</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narmad" title="Narmad">Narmad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacifism" title="Pacifism">Pacifism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Mount" title="Sermon on the Mount">Sermon on the Mount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shravana_Kumara" title="Shravana Kumara">Shravan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrimad_Rajchandra" title="Shrimad Rajchandra">Shrimad Rajchandra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Stephens_Salt" title="Henry Stephens Salt">Henry Stephens Salt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirukku%E1%B9%9Ba%E1%B8%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="Tirukkuṛaḷ">Tirukkuṛaḷ</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Unto_This_Last" title="Unto This Last">Unto This Last</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sarvodaya" title="Sarvodaya">Gandhi's translation</a></li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Raghupati_Raghava_Raja_Ram" title="Raghupati Raghava Raja Ram">Raghupati Raghava Raja Ram</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Ekla_Chalo_Re" title="Ekla Chalo Re">Ekla Chalo Re</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Hari_Tuma_Haro" title="Hari Tuma Haro">Hari Tuma Haro</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Vaishnava_Jana_To" title="Vaishnava Jana To">Vaishnava Jana To</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarianism" title="Vegetarianism">Vegetarianism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Anand" title="Swami Anand">Swami Anand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Freer_Andrews" title="Charles Freer Andrews">C. F. Andrews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamnalal_Bajaj" title="Jamnalal Bajaj">Jamnalal Bajaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shankarlal_Banker" title="Shankarlal Banker">Shankarlal Banker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarla_Behn" title="Sarla Behn">Sarla Behn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinoba_Bhave" title="Vinoba Bhave">Vinoba Bhave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brij_Krishna_Chandiwala" title="Brij Krishna Chandiwala">Brij Krishna Chandiwala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudhakar_Chaturvedi" title="Sudhakar Chaturvedi">Sudhakar Chaturvedi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jugatram_Dave" title="Jugatram Dave">Jugatram Dave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahadev_Desai" title="Mahadev Desai">Mahadev Desai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dada_Dharmadhikari" title="Dada Dharmadhikari">Dada Dharmadhikari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanu_Gandhi" title="Kanu Gandhi">Kanu Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiv_Prasad_Gupta" title="Shiv Prasad Gupta">Shiv Prasad Gupta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umar_Hajee_Ahmed_Jhaveri" title="Umar Hajee Ahmed Jhaveri">Umar Hajee Ahmed Jhaveri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._C._Kumarappa" title="J. C. Kumarappa">J. C. Kumarappa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Kallenbach" title="Hermann Kallenbach">Hermann Kallenbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Ghaffar_Khan" title="Abdul Ghaffar Khan">Abdul Ghaffar Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._B._Kripalani" title="J. B. Kripalani">Acharya Kripalani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirabehn" title="Mirabehn">Mirabehn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohanlal_Pandya" title="Mohanlal Pandya">Mohanlal Pandya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vallabhbhai_Patel" title="Vallabhbhai Patel">Vallabhbhai Patel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narhari_Parikh" title="Narhari Parikh">Narhari Parikh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mithuben_Petit" title="Mithuben Petit">Mithuben Petit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._Rajagopalachari" title="C. Rajagopalachari">Chakravarti Rajagopalachari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibi_Amtus_Salam" title="Bibi Amtus Salam">Bibi Amtus Salam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonja_Schlesin" title="Sonja Schlesin">Sonja Schlesin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anugrah_Narayan_Sinha" title="Anugrah Narayan Sinha">Anugrah Narayan Sinha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Krishna_Sinha" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Krishna Sinha">Sri Krishna Sinha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rettamalai_Srinivasan" title="Rettamalai Srinivasan">Rettamalai Srinivasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._A._Sundaram" title="V. A. Sundaram">V. A. Sundaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbas_Tyabji" title="Abbas Tyabji">Abbas Tyabji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravishankar_Vyas" title="Ravishankar Vyas">Ravishankar Vyas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kishorlal_Mashruwala" title="Kishorlal Mashruwala">Kishorlal Mashruwala</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_artistic_depictions_of_Mahatma_Gandhi" title="List of artistic depictions of Mahatma Gandhi">Artistic depictions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhigiri" title="Gandhigiri">Gandhigiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhi_Peace_Award" title="Gandhi Peace Award">Gandhi Peace Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhi_Peace_Foundation" title="Gandhi Peace Foundation">Gandhi Peace Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhi_Peace_Prize" title="Gandhi Peace Prize">Gandhi Peace Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi_Kashi_Vidyapith" title="Mahatma Gandhi Kashi Vidyapith">Mahatma Gandhi Kashi Vidyapith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi_Series" title="Mahatma Gandhi Series">Indian currency (Gandhi Series,</a> <a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi_New_Series" title="Mahatma Gandhi New Series">Gandhi New Series,</a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Indian rupee</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_10_Rupee_Mahatma_Gandhi_postage_stamp" title="Indian 10 Rupee Mahatma Gandhi postage stamp">Indian 10 Rupee postage stamp</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Family_of_Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Family of Mahatma Gandhi">Family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karamchand_Uttamchand_Gandhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Karamchand Uttamchand Gandhi">Karamchand Gandhi (father)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasturba_Gandhi" title="Kasturba Gandhi">Kasturba (wife)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harilal_Gandhi" title="Harilal Gandhi">Harilal (son)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manilal_Gandhi" title="Manilal Gandhi">Manilal (son)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramdas_Gandhi" title="Ramdas Gandhi">Ramdas (son)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devdas_Gandhi" title="Devdas Gandhi">Devdas (son)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maganlal_Gandhi" title="Maganlal Gandhi">Maganlal (cousin)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaldas_Gandhi" title="Samaldas Gandhi">Samaldas (nephew)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arun_Manilal_Gandhi" title="Arun Manilal Gandhi">Arun (grandson)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ela_Gandhi" title="Ela Gandhi">Ela (granddaughter)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajmohan_Gandhi" title="Rajmohan Gandhi">Rajmohan (grandson)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gopalkrishna_Gandhi" title="Gopalkrishna Gandhi">Gopalkrishna (grandson)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramchandra_Gandhi" title="Ramchandra Gandhi">Ramchandra (grandson)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanu_Gandhi_(scientist)" title="Kanu Gandhi (scientist)">Kanu (grandson)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanu_Gandhi" title="Kanu Gandhi">Kanu (grandnephew)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tushar_Gandhi" title="Tushar Gandhi">Tushar (great-grandson)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leela_Gandhi" title="Leela Gandhi">Leela (great-granddaughter)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Influenced</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/14th_Dalai_Lama" title="14th Dalai Lama">14th Dalai Lama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aung_San_Suu_Kyi" title="Aung San Suu Kyi">Aung San Suu Kyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abhay_and_Rani_Bang" title="Abhay and Rani Bang">Abhay Bang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Ghaffar_Khan" title="Abdul Ghaffar Khan">Abdul Ghaffar Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brajkishore_Prasad" title="Brajkishore Prasad">Brajkishore Prasad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._Rajagopalachari" title="C. Rajagopalachari">C. Rajagopalachari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eknath_Easwaran" title="Eknath Easwaran">Eknath Easwaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Draupadi_Murmu" class="mw-redirect" title="Draupadi Murmu">Draupadi Murmu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayrou" title="François Bayrou">François Bayrou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gopaldas_Ambaidas_Desai" title="Gopaldas Ambaidas Desai">Gopaldas Ambaidas Desai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Govind_Vallabh_Pant" class="mw-redirect" title="Govind Vallabh Pant">Govind Vallabh Pant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh" title="Ho Chi Minh">Ho Chi Minh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Bevel" title="James Bevel">James Bevel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Lawson_(activist)" title="James Lawson (activist)">James Lawson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Bondurant" title="Joan Bondurant">Joan Bondurant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lal_Bahadur_Shastri" title="Lal Bahadur Shastri">Lal Bahadur Shastri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanza_del_Vasto" title="Lanza del Vasto">Lanza del Vasto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maulana_Azad" title="Maulana Azad">Maulana Azad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">Martin Luther King Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Lacerda_de_Moura" title="Maria Lacerda de Moura">Maria Lacerda de Moura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehdi_Bazargan" title="Mehdi Bazargan">Mehdi Bazargan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morarji_Desai" title="Morarji Desai">Morarji Desai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Nelson Mandela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajendra_Prasad" title="Rajendra Prasad">Rajendra Prasad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramjee_Singh" title="Ramjee Singh">Ramjee Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Biko" title="Steve Biko">Steve Biko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandurang_Sadashiv_Sane" title="Pandurang Sadashiv Sane">Sane Guruji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinoba_Bhave" title="Vinoba Bhave">Vinoba Bhave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vallabhbhai_Patel" title="Vallabhbhai Patel">Vallabhbhai Patel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Memorials_to_Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Category:Memorials to Mahatma Gandhi">Memorials</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Statues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Mahatma_Gandhi,_Accra" title="Statue of Mahatma Gandhi, Accra">Ghana</a></li> <li>India <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Mahatma_Gandhi,_Gandhi_Maidan" title="Statue of Mahatma Gandhi, Gandhi Maidan">Patna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Salt_Satyagraha_Memorial" title="National Salt Satyagraha Memorial">National Salt Satyagraha Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Mahatma_Gandhi,_Parliament_of_India" title="Statue of Mahatma Gandhi, Parliament of India">New Delhi</a></li></ul></li> <li>South Africa <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Mahatma_Gandhi,_Johannesburg" title="Statue of Mahatma Gandhi, Johannesburg">Johannesburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Mahatma_Gandhi,_Pietermaritzburg" title="Statue of Mahatma Gandhi, Pietermaritzburg">Pietermaritzburg</a></li></ul></li> <li>UK <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Mahatma_Gandhi,_Parliament_Square" title="Statue of Mahatma Gandhi, Parliament Square">Parliament Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Mahatma_Gandhi,_Tavistock_Square" title="Statue of Mahatma Gandhi, Tavistock Square">Tavistock Square</a></li></ul></li> <li>U.S. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Mahatma_Gandhi_(Davis,_California)" title="Statue of Mahatma Gandhi (Davis, California)">Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Martin_Luther_King_Jr._(Denver)" title="Statue of Martin Luther King Jr. (Denver)">Denver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Mahatma_Gandhi_(Houston)" title="Statue of Mahatma Gandhi (Houston)">Houston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi_Memorial_(Milwaukee)" title="Mahatma Gandhi Memorial (Milwaukee)">Milwaukee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Mahatma_Gandhi_(New_York_City)" title="Statue of Mahatma Gandhi (New York City)">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Mahatma_Gandhi_(San_Francisco)" title="Statue of Mahatma Gandhi (San Francisco)">San Francisco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arch_of_Dignity,_Equality,_and_Justice" title="Arch of Dignity, Equality, and Justice">San Jose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi_Memorial_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Mahatma Gandhi Memorial (Washington, D.C.)">Washington, D.C.</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Observances</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gandhi_Jayanti" title="Gandhi Jayanti">Gandhi Jayanti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Day_of_Non-Violence" title="International Day of Non-Violence">International Day of Non-Violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs%27_Day_(India)" title="Martyrs' Day (India)">Martyrs' Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Season_for_Nonviolence" title="Season for Nonviolence">Season for Nonviolence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aga_Khan_Palace" title="Aga Khan Palace">Aga Khan Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhi_Bhawan,_Chandigarh" title="Gandhi Bhawan, Chandigarh">Gandhi Bhawan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhi_Mandapam_(Chennai)" title="Gandhi Mandapam (Chennai)">Gandhi Mandapam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhi_Market" title="Gandhi Market">Gandhi Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhi_(bookstore)" title="Gandhi (bookstore)">Bookstores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhi_Promenade" class="mw-redirect" title="Gandhi Promenade">Gandhi Promenade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhi_Smriti" title="Gandhi Smriti">Gandhi Smriti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanyakumari#Tourist_sites" title="Kanyakumari">Gandhi Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhi_Memorial_Museum,_Madurai" title="Gandhi Memorial Museum, Madurai">Gandhi Memorial Museum, Madurai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhi_Smarak_Sangrahalaya" title="Gandhi Smarak Sangrahalaya">Gandhi Smarak Sangrahalaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhi_Teerth" title="Gandhi Teerth">Gandhi Teerth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhi_Temple,_Bhatara" title="Gandhi Temple, Bhatara">Gandhi Temple, Bhatara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaba_Gandhi_No_Delo" title="Kaba Gandhi No Delo">Kaba Gandhi No Delo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirti_Mandir,_Porbandar" title="Kirti Mandir, Porbandar">Kirti Mandir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi_College" title="Mahatma Gandhi College">Mahatma Gandhi College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi_Marine_National_Park" title="Mahatma Gandhi Marine National Park">Mahatma Gandhi Marine National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi_Memorial_Centre,_Matale" title="Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Centre, Matale">Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Centre, Matale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mani_Bhavan" title="Mani Bhavan">Mani Bhavan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_High_School_(Rajkot)" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfred High School (Rajkot)">Mohandas Gandhi High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Gandhi_Museum" title="National Gandhi Museum">National Gandhi Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raj_Ghat_and_associated_memorials" title="Raj Ghat and associated memorials">Raj Ghat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_roads_named_after_Mahatma_Gandhi" title="List of roads named after Mahatma Gandhi">Roads named after Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabarmati_Ashram" title="Sabarmati Ashram">Sabarmati Ashram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyagraha_House" title="Satyagraha House">Satyagraha House</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 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