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optoelectronic property</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: optoelectronic property"> <meta name="keywords" content="optoelectronic property"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="optoelectronic property"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 1666</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: optoelectronic property</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1396</span> Impact Factor of Annealing on Electrical Properties of Zinc Selenide (ZnSe) Thin Films</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Esubalew%20Yehualaw%20Melaku">Esubalew Yehualaw Melaku</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tizazu%20Abeza"> Tizazu Abeza</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> ZnSe thin films in an aqueous solution of zinc acetate and hydrazine hydrate (HH) using the non-toxic complexing agent EDTA along with the films were annealed at 200, 300, and 400oC. This research aimed to investigate the effect of annealing on the structural, optical, and electrical properties of the films. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was used to study the structure and crystallite size of the ZnSe thin film. The ZnSe thin films are annealed in an oven at various temperatures which are characterized by structural and optical properties. An increase in annealing temperature distorted the nanocrystillinity and made the ZnSe thin films amorphous. The variation of resistivity indicates the semiconducting nature of the thin film. The electrical resistivity of the films decreases with increasing annealing temperature. In this study, the Band gap of ZnSe decreases from 2.8eV to 2.65eV with the increase in temperature and decreases for as-deposited to 2.5eV. As a result of this research, ZnSe is used for certain applications; it has been widely utilized in various optoelectronic devices such as thin film solar cells, green-blue light emitting diodes, lasers, photo-luminescent, and electro-luminescent devices. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemical%20bath%20deposition" title="chemical bath deposition">chemical bath deposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ZnSe%20thin%20film" title=" ZnSe thin film"> ZnSe thin film</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=band%20gap" title=" band gap"> band gap</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20cells" title=" solar cells"> solar cells</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166183/impact-factor-of-annealing-on-electrical-properties-of-zinc-selenide-znse-thin-films" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166183.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">131</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1395</span> Domain Switching Characteristics of Lead Zirconate Titanate Piezoelectric Ceramic</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mitsuhiro%20Okayasu">Mitsuhiro Okayasu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To better understand the lattice characteristics of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramics, the lattice orientations and domain-switching characteristics have been directly examined during loading and unloading using various experimental techniques. Upon loading, the PZT ceramics are fractured linear and nonlinearly during the compressive loading process. The strain characteristics of the PZT ceramic were directly affected by both the lattice and domain switching strain. Due to the piezoelectric ceramic, electrical activity of lightning-like behavior occurs in the PZT ceramics, which attributed to the severe domain-switching leading to weak piezoelectric property. The characteristics of domain-switching and reverse switching are detected during the loading and unloading processes. The amount of domain-switching depends on the grain, due to different stress levels. In addition, two patterns of 90˚ domain-switching systems are characterized, namely (i) 90˚ turn about the tetragonal c-axis and (ii) 90˚ rotation of the tetragonal a-axis. In this case, PZT ceramic was loaded by the thermal stress at 80°C. Extent of domain switching is related to the direction of c-axis of the tetragonal structure, e.g., that axis, orientated close to the loading direction, makes severe domain switching. It is considered that there is 90˚ domain switching, but in actual, the angle of domain switching is less than 90˚, e.g., 85.4° ~ 90.0°. In situ TEM observation of the domain switching characteristics of PZT ceramic has been conducted with increasing the sample temperature from 25°C to 300°C, and the domain switching like behavior is directly observed from the lattice image, where the severe domain switching occurs less than 100°C. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PZT" title="PZT">PZT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lead%20zirconate%20titanate" title=" lead zirconate titanate"> lead zirconate titanate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=piezoelectric%20ceramic" title=" piezoelectric ceramic"> piezoelectric ceramic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=domain%20switching" title=" domain switching"> domain switching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=material%20property" title=" material property"> material property</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89317/domain-switching-characteristics-of-lead-zirconate-titanate-piezoelectric-ceramic" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89317.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">203</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1394</span> Synthesis and Characterization of Poly (N-(Pyridin-2-Ylmethylidene)Pyridin-2-Amine: Thermal and Conductivity Properties</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nuray%20Y%C4%B1lmaz%20Baran">Nuray Yılmaz Baran</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The conjugated Schiff base polymers which are also called as polyazomethines are promising materials for various applications due to their good thermal resistance semiconductive, liquid crystal, fiber forming, nonlinear optical outstanding photo- and electroluminescence and antimicrobial properties. In recent years, polyazomethines have attracted intense attention of researchers especially due to optoelectronic properties which have made its usage possible in organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), solar cells (SCs), organic field effect transistors (OFETs), and photorefractive holographic materials (PRHMs). In this study, N-(pyridin-2-ylmethylidene)pyridin-2-amine Schiff base was synthesized from condensation reaction of 2-aminopyridine with 2-pyridine carbaldehyde. Polymerization of Schiff base was achieved by polycondensation reaction using NaOCl oxidant in methanol medium at various time and temperatures. The synthesized Schiff base monomer and polymer (Poly(N-(pyridin-2-ylmethylidene)pyridin-2-amine)) was characterized by UV-vis, FT-IR, 1H-NMR, XRD techniques. Molecular weight distribution and the surface morphology of the polymer was determined by GPC and SEM-EDAX techniques. Thermal behaviour of the monomer and polymer was investigated by TG/DTG, DTA and DSC techniques. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyazomethines" title="polyazomethines">polyazomethines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polycondensation%20reaction" title=" polycondensation reaction"> polycondensation reaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Schiff%20base%20polymers" title=" Schiff base polymers"> Schiff base polymers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20stability" title=" thermal stability"> thermal stability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53205/synthesis-and-characterization-of-poly-n-pyridin-2-ylmethylidenepyridin-2-amine-thermal-and-conductivity-properties" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53205.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">232</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1393</span> Independent Control over Surface Charge and Wettability Using Polyelectrolyte Architecture</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shanshan%20Guo">Shanshan Guo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaoying%20Zhu"> Xiaoying Zhu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dominik%20Ja%C5%84czewski"> Dominik Jańczewski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Koon%20Gee%20Neoh"> Koon Gee Neoh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Surface charge and wettability are two prominent physical factors governing cell adhesion and have been extensively studied in the literature. However, a comparison between the two driving forces in terms of their independent and cooperative effects in affecting cell adhesion is rarely explored on a systematic and quantitative level. Herein, we formulate a protocol which allows two-dimensional and independent control over both surface charge and wettability. This protocol enables the unambiguous comparison of the effects of these two properties on cell adhesion. This strategy is implemented by controlling both the relative thickness of polyion layers in the layer-by-layer assembly and the polyion side chain chemical structures. The 2D property matrix spans surface isoelectric point ranging from 5 to 9 and water contact angle from 35º to 70º, with other interferential factors (e.g. roughness) eliminated. The interplay between these two surface variables influences 3T3 fibroblast cell adhesion. The results show that both surface charge and wettability have an effect on its adhesion. The combined effects of positive charge and hydrophilicity led to the highest cell adhesion whereas negative charge and hydrophobicity led to the lowest cell adhesion. Our design strategy can potentially form the basis for studying the distinct behaviors of electrostatic force or wettability driven interfacial phenomena and serving as a reference in future studies assessing cell adhesion to surfaces with known charge and wettability within the property range studied here. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cell%20adhesion" title="cell adhesion">cell adhesion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=layer-by-layer" title=" layer-by-layer"> layer-by-layer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20charge" title=" surface charge"> surface charge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20wettability" title=" surface wettability"> surface wettability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57245/independent-control-over-surface-charge-and-wettability-using-polyelectrolyte-architecture" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57245.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">270</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1392</span> Protective Effect of Malva sylvestris L. against Sodium Fluoride-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rat</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Babaei%20Zarch">Ali Babaei Zarch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Kianbakht"> S. Kianbakht</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Fallah%20Huseini"> H. Fallah Huseini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Changaei"> P. Changaei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Mirjalili"> A. Mirjalili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Salehi"> J. Salehi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Malva sylvestris L. is widely used in the traditional medicine of Iran and other countries to treat gastrointestinal, respiratory, skin and urological Disorders. Moreover, it has antioxidant property. Objective: In this study the protective effect of Malva sylvestris against sodium fluoride-induced nephrotoxicity in rats were evaluated. Methods: The Malva sylvestris flower extract was injected intraperitoneally at the doses of 100, 200, 400 mg/kg/day to groups of rats ( 10 in each group) for 1 week and subsequently 600 ppm sodium fluoride was added daily to the rats drinking water for 1 additional week. After these steps, the rats’ serum levels of urea, creatinine, reduced glutathione, catalase and malondialdehyde were determined. The histopathology of the rats’ kidney was also studied. Results: Malva sylvesteries extract with doses of 400 mg/kg/day significantly decreased the urea and creatinine levels (P<0.05). Moreover, the levels of catalase and glutathione were increased by this dose, but only the catalase increase was statistically significant (P<0.05). All three extract doses of Malva decreased the malondialdehyde level, but it was significant only for the dose 400 mg/kg/day (P<0.05). Histopathological findings also showed a protective effect of Malva against renal damage induced by sodium fluoride. Conclusion: The results suggest that Malva sylvestris has a protective effect against sodium fluoride-induced nephrotoxicity through its antioxidant property. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malva%20sylvestris" title="Malva sylvestris">Malva sylvestris</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mephrotoxicity" title=" mephrotoxicity"> mephrotoxicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sodium%20fluoride" title=" sodium fluoride"> sodium fluoride</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rat%0D%0A%E2%80%83" title=" rat "> rat </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43337/protective-effect-of-malva-sylvestris-l-against-sodium-fluoride-induced-nephrotoxicity-in-rat" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43337.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">337</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1391</span> The Conflict Between the Current International Copyright Regime and the Islamic Social Justice Theory</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelrahman%20Mohamed">Abdelrahman Mohamed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Copyright law is a branch of the Intellectual Property Law that gives authors exclusive rights to copy, display, perform, and distribute copyrightable works. In theory, copyright law aims to promote the welfare of society by granting exclusive rights to the creators in exchange for the works that these creators produce for society. Thus, there are two different types of rights that a just regime should balance between them which are owners' rights and users' rights. The paper argues that there is a conflict between the current international copyright regime and the Islamic Social Justice Theory. This regime is unjust from the Islamic Social Justice Theory's perspective regarding access to educational materials because this regime was unjustly established by the colonizers to protect their interests, starting from the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works 1886 and reaching to the Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights 1994. Consequently, the injustice of this regime was reflected in the regulations of these agreements and led to an imbalance between the owners' rights and the users' rights in favor of the former at the expense of the latter. As a result, copyright has become a barrier to access to knowledge and educational materials. The paper starts by illustrating the concept of justice in Islamic sources such as the Quran, Sunnah, and El-Maslha-Elmorsalah. Then, social justice is discussed by focusing on the importance of access to knowledge and the right to education. The theory assumes that the right to education and access to educational materials are necessities; thus, to achieve justice in this regime, the users' rights should be granted regardless of their region, color, and financial situation. Then, the paper discusses the history of authorship protection under the Islamic Sharia and to what extent this right was recognized even before the existence of copyright law. According to this theory, the authors' rights should be protected, however, this protection should not be at the expense of the human's rights to education and the right to access to educational materials. Moreover, the Islamic Social Justice Theory prohibits the concentration of wealth among a few numbers of people, 'the minority'. Thus, if knowledge is considered an asset or a good, the concentration of knowledge is prohibited from the Islamic perspective, which is the current situation of the copyright regime where a few countries control knowledge production and distribution. Finally, recommendations will be discussed to mitigate the injustice of the current international copyright regime and to fill the gap between the current international copyright regime and the Islamic Social Justice Theory. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=colonization" title="colonization">colonization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=copyright" title=" copyright"> copyright</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intellectual%20property" title=" intellectual property"> intellectual property</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islamic%20sharia" title=" Islamic sharia"> Islamic sharia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20justice" title=" social justice"> social justice</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191057/the-conflict-between-the-current-international-copyright-regime-and-the-islamic-social-justice-theory" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191057.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">21</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1390</span> 1,8-Naphthalimide Substituted 4,4-Difluoroboradiaza-S-Indacene Dyads: Synthesis, Structure, Properties and Live-Cell Imaging</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Madhurima%20Poddar">Madhurima Poddar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vinay%20Sharma"> Vinay Sharma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shaikh%20M.%20Mobin"> Shaikh M. Mobin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajneesh%20Misra"> Rajneesh Misra</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Three 1,8-naphthalimide (NPI) substituted 4,4-difluoroboradiaza-s-indacene (BODIPY) dyads were synthesized via Pd-catalyzed Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction of ethynyl substituted NPI with the meso-, β- and α-halogenated BODIPYs, respectively. The photophysical and electrochemical data reveals considerable electronic communication between the BODIPY and NPI moieties. The electronic absorption spectrum reveals that the substitution of NPI at α position of BODIPY exhibit better electronic communication between the NPI and the BODIPY units. The electronic structures of all the dyads exhibit planar geometries which are in a good correlation with the structures obtained from single crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal structures of the dyads exhibit interesting supramolecular interactions. The dyads show good cytocompatibility with the potential of multicolor live-cell imaging; making them excellent candidates for biological applications. The work provides an important strategy of screening the substitution pattern at different position of BODIPYs which will be useful for the design of BODIPY based organic molecules for various optoelectronic applications as well as bio-imaging. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bio-imaging%20studies" title="bio-imaging studies">bio-imaging studies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cross-coupling" title=" cross-coupling"> cross-coupling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cyclic%20voltammetry" title=" cyclic voltammetry"> cyclic voltammetry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=density%20functional%20calculations" title=" density functional calculations"> density functional calculations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluorescence%20spectra" title=" fluorescence spectra"> fluorescence spectra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single%20crystal%20XRD" title=" single crystal XRD"> single crystal XRD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UV%2FVis%20spectroscopy" title=" UV/Vis spectroscopy"> UV/Vis spectroscopy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102893/18-naphthalimide-substituted-44-difluoroboradiaza-s-indacene-dyads-synthesis-structure-properties-and-live-cell-imaging" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102893.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">145</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1389</span> Synthesis and Characterization of SnO2: Ti Thin Films Spray-Deposited on Optical Glass</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Demet%20Tatar">Demet Tatar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bahattin%20D%C3%BCzg%C3%BCn"> Bahattin Düzgün</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, we have newly developed titanium-tin oxide (TiSnO) thin films as the transparent conducting oxides materials by the spray pyrolysis technique. Tin oxide thin films doped with different Ti content were successfully grown by spray pyrolysis and they were characterized as a function of Ti content. The effect of Ti contents on the crystalline structure and optical properties of the as-deposited SnO2:Ti films was systematically investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), UV-vis spectrometer and photoluminecenc spectrophotometer. The X-ray diffraction patterns taken at room temperature showed that the films are polycrystalline. The preferred directions of crystal growth appeared in the difractogram of SnO2: Ti (TiTO) films were correspond to the reflections from the (110), (200), (211) and (301) planes. The grain size varies from 21.8 to 27.8 nm for (110) preferred plane. SEM and AFM study reveals the surface of TiTO to be made of nanocrystalline particles. The highest visible transmittance (570 nm) of the deposited films is 80 % for 20 wt % titanium doped tin oxide films. The obtained results revealed that the structures and optical properties of the films were greatly affected by doping levels. These films are useful as conducting layers in electro chromic and photovoltaic devices. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transparent%20conducting%20oxide" title="transparent conducting oxide">transparent conducting oxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas%20sensors" title=" gas sensors"> gas sensors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SnO2" title=" SnO2"> SnO2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ti" title=" Ti"> Ti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optoelectronic" title=" optoelectronic"> optoelectronic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spray%20pyrolysis" title=" spray pyrolysis"> spray pyrolysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28486/synthesis-and-characterization-of-sno2-ti-thin-films-spray-deposited-on-optical-glass" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28486.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">385</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1388</span> Randomly Casted Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes Films for High Performance Hybrid Photovoltaic Devices</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=My%20Ali%20El%20Khakani">My Ali El Khakani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Single-wall Carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) possess an unprecedented combination of unique properties that make them highly promising for suitable for a new generation of photovoltaic (PV) devices. Prior to discussing the integration of SWCNTs films into effective PV devices, we will briefly highlight our work on the synthesis of SWCNTs by means of the KrF pulsed laser deposition technique, their purification and transfer onto n-silicon substrates to form p-n junctions. Some of the structural and optoelectronic properties of SWCNTs relevant to PV applications will be emphasized. By varying the SWCNTs film density (µg/cm2), we were able to point out the existence of an optimum value that yields the highest photoconversion efficiency (PCE) of ~10%. Further control of the doping of the p-SWCNTs films, through their exposure to nitric acid vapors, along with the insertion of an optimized hole-extraction-layer in the p-SWCNTs/n-Si hybrid devices permitted to achieve a PCE value as high as 14.2%. Such a high PCE value demonstrates the full potential of these p-SWCNTs/n-Si devices for sunlight photoconversion. On the other hand, by examining both the optical transmission and electrical conductance of the SWCNTs’ films, we established a figure of merit (FOM) that was shown to correlate well with the PCE performance. Such a direct relationship between the FOM and the PCE can be used as a guide for further PCE enhancement of these novel p-SWCNTs/n-Si PV devices. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20nanotubes%20%28CNTs%29" title="carbon nanotubes (CNTs)">carbon nanotubes (CNTs)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CNTs-silicon%20hybrid%20devices" title=" CNTs-silicon hybrid devices"> CNTs-silicon hybrid devices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photoconversion" title=" photoconversion"> photoconversion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photovoltaic%20devices" title=" photovoltaic devices"> photovoltaic devices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pulsed%20laser%20deposition" title=" pulsed laser deposition"> pulsed laser deposition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/106925/randomly-casted-single-wall-carbon-nanotubes-films-for-high-performance-hybrid-photovoltaic-devices" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/106925.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">118</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1387</span> Quantitative Structure-Property Relationship Study of Base Dissociation Constants of Some Benzimidazoles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanja%20O.%20Podunavac-Kuzmanovi%C4%87">Sanja O. Podunavac-Kuzmanović</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lidija%20R.%20Jevri%C4%87"> Lidija R. Jevrić</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Strahinja%20Z.%20Kova%C4%8Devi%C4%87"> Strahinja Z. Kovačević</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Benzimidazoles are a group of compounds with significant antibacterial, antifungal and anticancer activity. The studied compounds consist of the main benzimidazole structure with different combinations of substituens. This study is based on the two-dimensional and three-dimensional molecular modeling and calculation of molecular descriptors (physicochemical and lipophilicity descriptors) of structurally diverse benzimidazoles. Molecular modeling was carried out by using ChemBio3D Ultra version 14.0 software. The obtained 3D models were subjected to energy minimization using molecular mechanics force field method (MM2). The cutoff for structure optimization was set at a gradient of 0.1 kcal/Åmol. The obtained set of molecular descriptors was used in principal component analysis (PCA) of possible similarities and dissimilarities among the studied derivatives. After the molecular modeling, the quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) analysis was applied in order to get the mathematical models which can be used in prediction of pKb values of structurally similar benzimidazoles. The obtained models are based on statistically valid multiple linear regression (MLR) equations. The calculated cross-validation parameters indicate the high prediction ability of the established QSPR models. This study is financially supported by COST action CM1306 and the project No. 114-451-347/2015-02, financially supported by the Provincial Secretariat for Science and Technological Development of Vojvodina. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=benzimidazoles" title="benzimidazoles">benzimidazoles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemometrics" title=" chemometrics"> chemometrics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molecular%20modeling" title=" molecular modeling"> molecular modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molecular%20descriptors" title=" molecular descriptors"> molecular descriptors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=QSPR" title=" QSPR"> QSPR</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45055/quantitative-structure-property-relationship-study-of-base-dissociation-constants-of-some-benzimidazoles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45055.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">289</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1386</span> Legal Warranty in Real Estate Registry in Albania</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elona%20Saliaj">Elona Saliaj</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The registration of real estate in Albania after the 90's has been a long process in time and with high cost for the country. Passing the registration system from a centralized system to a free market private system, it’s accompanied by legal uncertainties that have led to economic instability. The reforms that have been undertaken in terms of property rights have been numerous and continuous throughout the years. But despite the reforms, the system of registration of real estate, has failed to be standards requirements established by the European Union. The completion of initial registration of real estate, legal treatment of previous owners or legalization of illegal constructions remain among the main problems that prevent the development of the country in its economic sector. The performance of the registration of real estate system and dealing with issues that have appeared in the Court of First Instance, the civil section of the Albanian constitute the core of handling this analysis. This paper presents a detailed analysis on the registration system that is chosen to be applied in our country for real estate. In its content it is also determined the institution that administrates these properties, the management technique and the law that determinate its functionality. The strategy is determined for creating a modern and functional registration system and for the country remains a challenge to achieve. Identifying practical problems and providing their solutions are also the focus of reference in order to improve and modernize this important system to a state law that aims to become a member of the European Union. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=real%20estates%20registration%20system" title="real estates registration system">real estates registration system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=comparative%20aspects" title=" comparative aspects"> comparative aspects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cadastral%20area" title=" cadastral area"> cadastral area</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=property%20certificate" title=" property certificate"> property certificate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=legal%20reform" title=" legal reform"> legal reform</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23609/legal-warranty-in-real-estate-registry-in-albania" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23609.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">491</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1385</span> Biosensor Design through Molecular Dynamics Simulation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wenjun%20Zhang">Wenjun Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yunqing%20Du"> Yunqing Du</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Steven%20W.%20Cranford"> Steven W. Cranford</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ming%20L.%20Wang"> Ming L. Wang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The beginning of 21st century has witnessed new advancements in the design and use of new materials for biosensing applications, from nano to macro, protein to tissue. Traditional analytical methods lack a complete toolset to describe the complexities introduced by living systems, pathological relations, discrete hierarchical materials, cross-phase interactions, and structure-property dependencies. Materiomics – via systematic molecular dynamics (MD) simulation – can provide structure-process-property relations by using a materials science approach linking mechanisms across scales and enables oriented biosensor design. With this approach, DNA biosensors can be utilized to detect disease biomarkers present in individuals’ breath such as acetone for diabetes. Our wireless sensor array based on single-stranded DNA (ssDNA)-decorated single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) has successfully detected trace amount of various chemicals in vapor differentiated by pattern recognition. Here, we present how MD simulation can revolutionize the way of design and screening of DNA aptamers for targeting biomarkers related to oral diseases and oral health monitoring. It demonstrates great potential to be utilized to build a library of DNDA sequences for reliable detection of several biomarkers of one specific disease, and as well provides a new methodology of creating, designing, and applying of biosensors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biosensor" title="biosensor">biosensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DNA" title=" DNA"> DNA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomarker" title=" biomarker"> biomarker</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molecular%20dynamics%20simulation" title=" molecular dynamics simulation"> molecular dynamics simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36962/biosensor-design-through-molecular-dynamics-simulation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36962.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">463</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1384</span> Computer Simulation to Investigate Magnetic and Wave-Absorbing Properties of Iron Nanoparticles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chuan-Wen%20Liu">Chuan-Wen Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Min-Hsien%20Liu"> Min-Hsien Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chung-Chieh%20Tai"> Chung-Chieh Tai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bing-Cheng%20Kuo"> Bing-Cheng Kuo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cheng-Lung%20Chen"> Cheng-Lung Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Huazhen%20Shen"> Huazhen Shen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A recent surge in research on magnetic radar absorbing materials (RAMs) has presented researchers with new opportunities and challenges. This study was performed to gain a better understanding of the wave-absorbing phenomenon of magnetic RAMs. First, we hypothesized that the absorbing phenomenon is dependent on the particle shape. Using the Material Studio program and the micro-dot magnetic dipoles (MDMD) method, we obtained results from magnetic RAMs to support this hypothesis. The total MDMD energy of disk-like iron particles was greater than that of spherical iron particles. In addition, the particulate aggregation phenomenon decreases the wave-absorbance, according to both experiments and computational data. To conclude, this study may be of importance in terms of explaining the wave- absorbing characteristic of magnetic RAMs. Combining molecular dynamics simulation results and the theory of magnetization of magnetic dots, we investigated the magnetic properties of iron materials with different particle shapes and degrees of aggregation under external magnetic fields. The MDMD of the materials under magnetic fields of various strengths were simulated. Our results suggested that disk-like iron particles had a better magnetization than spherical iron particles. This result could be correlated with the magnetic wave- absorbing property of iron material. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wave-absorbing%20property" title="wave-absorbing property">wave-absorbing property</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic%20material" title=" magnetic material"> magnetic material</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micro-dot%20magnetic%20dipole" title=" micro-dot magnetic dipole"> micro-dot magnetic dipole</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=particulate%20aggregation" title=" particulate aggregation"> particulate aggregation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78242/computer-simulation-to-investigate-magnetic-and-wave-absorbing-properties-of-iron-nanoparticles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78242.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">490</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1383</span> A Critical Review of the Success Model of Indian Pharmaceutical Industry</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ekta%20Pandey">Ekta Pandey</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Indian Pharmaceutical Industry is ranked third largest by volume and fourteenth by value. It thus accounts for 10% of world’s production by volume and 1.5% by value according to Department of Pharmaceuticals, Government of India. The industry has shown phenomenal growth over past few years, moving from US $ 1 billion turnover in 1990 to a turnover of around US $30 billion in 2015. The Indian pharmaceutical sector is ranked seventeenth in terms of export value of active pharmaceutical ingredients and dosage forms to more than 200 countries around the globe. It has shown tremendous changes especially after Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) agreement. Recognizing the immense potential for growth and its direct impact on Indian economy, it is important to look up the industrial policies adopted since Indian independence which turnaround the Indian pharmaceutical industry. A systematic review of changes in market structure of Indian pharmaceutical industry due to shift in policy regimes is done from 1850 to 2015 using secondary peer reviewed published research work. The aim is to understand the impact of anti-trust laws, intellectual property rights, industry competition acts and regulations are quite crucial in determining effective economic policy and have overall lasting effects on international trade and ties. The proposed paper examines the position of Indian domestic firms relative to multinational pharmaceutical firms tries to throw some light on the growth curve of Indian pharmaceutical sector. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=active%20pharmaceutical%20ingredients" title="active pharmaceutical ingredients">active pharmaceutical ingredients</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=competition%20act" title=" competition act"> competition act</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pharmaceutical%20industry" title=" pharmaceutical industry"> pharmaceutical industry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TRIPS" title=" TRIPS"> TRIPS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76944/a-critical-review-of-the-success-model-of-indian-pharmaceutical-industry" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76944.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">438</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1382</span> Intellectual Property Rights Reforms and the Quality of Exported Goods</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gideon%20Ndubuisi">Gideon Ndubuisi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It is widely acknowledged that the quality of a country’s export matters more decisively than the quantity it exports. Hence, understanding the drivers of exported goods’ quality is a relevant policy question. Among other things, product quality upgrading is a considerable cost uncertainty venture that can be undertaken by an entrepreneur. Once a product is successfully upgraded, however, others can imitate the product, and hence, the returns to the pioneer entrepreneur are socialized. Along with this line, a government policy such as intellectual property rights (IPRs) protection which lessens the non-appropriability problem and incentivizes cost discovery investments becomes both a panacea in addressing the market failure and a sine qua non for an entrepreneur to engage in product quality upgrading. In addendum, product quality upgrading involves complex tasks which often require a lot of knowledge and technology sharing beyond the bounds of the firm thereby creating rooms for knowledge spillovers and imitations. Without an institution that protects upstream suppliers of knowledge and technology, technology masking occurs which bids up marginal production cost and product quality fall. Despite these clear associations between IPRs and product quality upgrading, the surging literature on the drivers of the quality of exported goods has proceeded almost in isolation of IPRs protection as a determinant. Consequently, the current study uses a difference-in-difference method to evaluate the effects of IPRs reforms on the quality of exported goods in 16 developing countries over the sample periods of 1984-2000. The study finds weak evidence that IPRs reforms increase the quality of all exported goods. When the industries are sorted into high and low-patent sensitive industries, however, we find strong indicative evidence that IPRs reform increases the quality of exported goods in high-patent sensitive sectors both in absolute terms and relative to the low-patent sensitive sectors in the post-reform period. We also obtain strong indicative evidence that it brought the quality of exported goods in the high-patent sensitive sectors closer to the quality frontier. Accounting for time-duration effects, these observed effects grow over time. The results are also largely consistent when we consider the sophistication and complexity of exported goods rather than just quality upgrades. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exports" title="exports">exports</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=export%20quality" title=" export quality"> export quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=export%20sophistication" title=" export sophistication"> export sophistication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intellectual%20property%20rights" title=" intellectual property rights"> intellectual property rights</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102624/intellectual-property-rights-reforms-and-the-quality-of-exported-goods" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102624.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">125</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1381</span> Development of a 3D Model of Real Estate Properties in Fort Bonifacio, Taguig City, Philippines Using Geographic Information Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lyka%20Selene%20Magnayi">Lyka Selene Magnayi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marcos%20Vinas"> Marcos Vinas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roseanne%20Ramos"> Roseanne Ramos </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As the real estate industry continually grows in the Philippines, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) provide advantages in generating spatial databases for efficient delivery of information and services. The real estate sector is not only providing qualitative data about real estate properties but also utilizes various spatial aspects of these properties for different applications such as hazard mapping and assessment. In this study, a three-dimensional (3D) model and a spatial database of real estate properties in Fort Bonifacio, Taguig City are developed using GIS and SketchUp. Spatial datasets include political boundaries, buildings, road network, digital terrain model (DTM) derived from Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (IFSAR) image, Google Earth satellite imageries, and hazard maps. Multiple model layers were created based on property listings by a partner real estate company, including existing and future property buildings. Actual building dimensions, building facade, and building floorplans are incorporated in these 3D models for geovisualization. Hazard model layers are determined through spatial overlays, and different scenarios of hazards are also presented in the models. Animated maps and walkthrough videos were created for company presentation and evaluation. Model evaluation is conducted through client surveys requiring scores in terms of the appropriateness, information content, and design of the 3D models. Survey results show very satisfactory ratings, with the highest average evaluation score equivalent to 9.21 out of 10. The output maps and videos obtained passing rates based on the criteria and standards set by the intended users of the partner real estate company. The methodologies presented in this study were found useful and have remarkable advantages in the real estate industry. This work may be extended to automated mapping and creation of online spatial databases for better storage, access of real property listings and interactive platform using web-based GIS. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geovisualization" title="geovisualization">geovisualization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geographic%20information%20systems" title=" geographic information systems"> geographic information systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GIS" title=" GIS"> GIS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=real%20estate" title=" real estate"> real estate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20database" title=" spatial database"> spatial database</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=three-dimensional%20model" title=" three-dimensional model"> three-dimensional model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111275/development-of-a-3d-model-of-real-estate-properties-in-fort-bonifacio-taguig-city-philippines-using-geographic-information-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111275.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">158</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1380</span> Ferulic Acid-Grafted Chitosan: Thermal Stability and Feasibility as an Antioxidant for Active Biodegradable Packaging Film</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarekha%20Woranuch">Sarekha Woranuch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rangrong%20Yoksan"> Rangrong Yoksan </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Active packaging has been developed based on the incorporation of certain additives, in particular antimicrobial and antioxidant agents, into packaging systems to maintain or extend product quality and shelf-life. Ferulic acid is one of the most effective natural phenolic antioxidants, which has been used in food, pharmaceutical and active packaging film applications. However, most phenolic compounds are sensitive to oxygen, light and heat; its activities are thus lost during product formulation and processing. Grafting ferulic acid onto polymer is an alternative to reduce its loss under thermal processes. Therefore, the objectives of the present research were to study the thermal stability of ferulic acid after grafting onto chitosan, and to investigate the possibility of using ferulic acid-grafted chitosan (FA-g-CTS) as an antioxidant for active biodegradable packaging film. FA-g-CTS was incorporated into biodegradable film via a two-step process, i.e. compounding extrusion at temperature up to 150 °C followed by blown film extrusion at temperature up to 175 °C. Although incorporating FA-g-CTS with a content of 0.02–0.16% (w/w) caused decreased water vapor barrier property and reduced extensibility, the films showed improved oxygen barrier property and antioxidant activity. Radical scavenging activity and reducing power of the film containing FA-g-CTS with a content of 0.04% (w/w) were higher than that of the naked film about 254% and 94%, respectively. Tensile strength and rigidity of the films were not significantly affected by adding FA-g-CTS with a content of 0.02–0.08% (w/w). The results indicated that FA-g-CTS could be potentially used as an antioxidant for active packaging film. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=active%20packaging%20film" title="active packaging film">active packaging film</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidant%20activity" title=" antioxidant activity"> antioxidant activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chitosan" title=" chitosan"> chitosan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ferulic%20acid" title=" ferulic acid "> ferulic acid </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28962/ferulic-acid-grafted-chitosan-thermal-stability-and-feasibility-as-an-antioxidant-for-active-biodegradable-packaging-film" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28962.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">503</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1379</span> Necessity of Recognition of Same-Sex Marriages and Civil Partnerships Concluded Abroad from Civil Status Registry Point of View</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ewa%20Kamarad">Ewa Kamarad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recent problems with adopting the EU Regulation on matrimonial property regimes have clearly proven that Member States are unable to agree on the scope of the Regulation and, therefore, on the definitions of matrimonial property and marriage itself. Taking into account that the Regulation on the law applicable to divorce and legal separation, as well as the Regulation on matrimonial property regimes, were adopted in the framework of enhanced cooperation, it is evident that lack of a unified definition of marriage has very wide-ranging consequences. The main problem with the unified definition of marriage is that the EU is not entitled to adopt measures in the domain of material family law, as this area remains under the exclusive competence of the Member States. Because of that, the legislation on marriage in domestic legal orders of the various Member States is very different. These differences concern not only issues such as form of marriage or capacity to enter into marriage, but also the most basic matter, namely the core of the institution of marriage itself. Within the 28 Member States, we have those that allow both different-sex and same-sex marriages, those that have adopted special, separate institutions for same-sex couples, and those that allow only marriage between a man and a woman (e.g. Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia). Because of the freedom of movement within the European Union, it seems necessary to somehow recognize the civil effects of a marriage that was concluded in another Member State. The most crucial issue is how far that recognition should go. The thesis presented in the presentation is that, at an absolute minimum, the authorities of all Member States must recognize the civil status of the persons who enter into marriage in another Member State. Lack of such recognition might cause serious problems, both for the spouses and for other individuals. The authorities of some Member States may treat the marriage as if it does not exist because it was concluded under foreign law that defines marriage differently. Because of that, it is possible for the spouse to obtain a certificate of civil status stating that he or she is single and thus eligible to enter into marriage – despite being legally married under the law of another Member State. Such certificate can then be used in another country to serve as a proof of civil status. Eventually the lack of recognition can lead to so-called “international bigamy”. The biggest obstacle to recognition of marriages concluded under the law of another Member State that defines marriage differently is the impossibility of transcription of a foreign civil certificate in the case of such a marriage. That is caused by the rule requiring that a civil certificate issued (or transcribed) under one country's law can contain only records of legal institutions recognized by that country's legal order. The presentation is going to provide possible solutions to this problem. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=civil%20status" title="civil status">civil status</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recognition%20of%20marriage" title=" recognition of marriage"> recognition of marriage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conflict%20of%20laws" title=" conflict of laws"> conflict of laws</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=private%20international%20law" title=" private international law"> private international law</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67057/necessity-of-recognition-of-same-sex-marriages-and-civil-partnerships-concluded-abroad-from-civil-status-registry-point-of-view" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67057.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">235</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1378</span> Copyright Infringement for Academic Authorship in Uganda: Implications on Exemptions of Fair Use for Educational Purposes in Universities</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elisam%20Magara">Elisam Magara</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Like any other property, Intellectual Property (IP) must be regarded, respected, and remunerated to address the historical, ethical, economical and informational needs of society. Article 26 of the Constitution of the Republic of Uganda 1995, the Copyright and Neighbouring Rights (CNR) Act 2006 and CNR Regulations 2010 guide copyright protection in Uganda. However, an unpredictable environment has negatively impact on certain author/intellectual freedoms; and the infringements on academic works that affect the economic rights of authors that limit authors from fully enjoying the benefits of authorship. Notwithstanding the different licensing systems and copyright protection avenues, educational institutions and custodians of copyright works (libraries, archives) have continued to advocate for open access to information resources, under the legal exceptions of fair use for educational purposes. Thus, a study was conducted in educational institutions, libraries and archives in Uganda to assess the state of copyright infringement in Uganda in an increased use of academic authored works. The study attempted to establish the nature and forms of Copyright Infringement, the circumstances for copyright infringement, assessed the opinions from the custodians on strategies for balancing copyright protection for economic and moral gains by authors and increased access to information for educational purposes and fair-use. Through a survey, using a self-administered questionnaire, interviews and physical visits, the study was conducted in higher education institutions, libraries and archives among the officers that manage and keep copyright works. It established that the uncontrolled reproduction of copyright works in educational institutions and information institutions, have contributed copyright infringement robbing authors of their potential economic earnings and limiting their academic innovativeness and creativity. The study also established that lack of consciousness and awareness on copyright issues by lecturers, universities and libraries has made copyright works in Universities highly susceptible to copyright infringement. Thus the increased access to materials without restrictions has resulted in copyright infringement among the educational institutions, libraries and archives. A strategic alliance by the collecting Society (Uganda Reproduction Rights Organisation (URRO), government, Universities and right holders organisations (UTANA) to work together and institute a programme to address copyright protection and access to information is pertinently required. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=access%20to%20information" title="access to information">access to information</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=academic%20Writing" title=" academic Writing"> academic Writing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=copyright" title=" copyright"> copyright</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=copyright%20infringement" title=" copyright infringement"> copyright infringement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=copyright%20protection" title=" copyright protection"> copyright protection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exemptions%20of%20fair%20use" title=" exemptions of fair use"> exemptions of fair use</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intellectual%20property%20rights" title=" intellectual property rights"> intellectual property rights</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27877/copyright-infringement-for-academic-authorship-in-uganda-implications-on-exemptions-of-fair-use-for-educational-purposes-in-universities" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27877.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">452</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1377</span> Female’s Involvement in Real Estate Business in Nigeria: A Case Study of Lagos State</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Osaretin%20Rosemary%20Uyi">Osaretin Rosemary Uyi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20O.%20Ogungbemi"> A. O. Ogungbemi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Female involvement in policy making and partnership in a man-driven-world is fast gaining international recognition. The Nigeria commercial real estate is one of the sectors of the economy that has a significant number of the male in the business. This study was conducted to assess the participation of females in estate management in Lagos state, Nigeria. Lagos is the commercial nerve center of Nigeria having the highest number of real estate practitioners and investors. The population due to the daily influx of people has made real estate business to continue to grow in this part of Nigeria. A structured questionnaire duly pre-tested and validated was used to elicit information from the respondents. The data collected were presented using tables and charts and were analyzed using descriptive statistical tools such as frequency counts, percentages, were used to test the hypothesis. The results also indicated that most females that participated in commercial real estate business are educated (80%), fell within 31-40 years of age (75%) and of high income status (88%) earn above ₦800,000 per year, while 10% are real estate investors and 82% of the female in the sector are employee. The study concluded that the number of female participating in various aspect of commercial real estate business in the study area was moderate while the numbers of female investors are low when compared to male. This might be due to the problems associated with rent collection, land disputes and other issues that are associated with property management in Nigeria. It is therefore recommended that females in real estate should be empowered and encouraged to match with their male counterpart. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=commercial%20real%20estate" title="commercial real estate">commercial real estate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=empowerment" title=" empowerment"> empowerment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=female" title=" female"> female</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=participation" title=" participation"> participation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=property%20management" title=" property management"> property management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34399/females-involvement-in-real-estate-business-in-nigeria-a-case-study-of-lagos-state" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34399.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">332</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1376</span> Evaluation of Malva sylvestris L. Effect on Sodium Fluoride-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rat</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Babaei%20Zarch">A. Babaei Zarch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Kianbakht"> S. Kianbakht</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Fallah%20Huseini"> H. Fallah Huseini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Changaei"> P. Changaei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Mirjalili"> A. Mirjalili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Salehi"> J. Salehi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Malva Sylvestris L. has antioxidant property and is widely used in the traditional medicine to treat gastrointestinal, respiratory, skin and urological disorders. Objective: In this study the protective effect of Malva Sylvestris against sodium fluoride-induced nephrotoxicity in rat were evaluated. Methods: The Malva Sylvestris flower extract was prepared and injected intraperitoneally at the doses of 100, 200, 400 mg/kg/day to group of rats ( 10 in each group) for 1 week and subsequently 600 ppm sodium fluoride was added to the rats drinking water for 1 additional week. After these steps, the rats’ serum levels of urea, creatinine, reduced glutathione, catalase and malondialdehyde were determined. The histopathologies of the rats’ kidneys were also studied. Results: Sodium fluoride administration increased levels of BUN, creatinine glutathione, catalase activity and decreased malondialdehyde indicating induction of nephrotoxicity in rats. Malva Sylvestris extract pretreatment significantly decreased the BUN and creatinine levels (P<0.05). Moreover, the levels of catalase and glutathione were increased by Malva, and this increase were also statistically significant (P<0.05). All three doses of Malva extract decreased the malondialdehyde level, but it was significant only for the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg/day (P<0.05). Histopathological findings also showed protective effect of Malva against renal damage induced by sodium fluoride. Conclusion: The results suggest that Malva Sylvestris has protective effect against sodium fluoride-induced nephrotoxicity maybe mediated by its antioxidant property. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=malva%20sylvestris" title="malva sylvestris">malva sylvestris</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nephrotoxicity" title=" nephrotoxicity"> nephrotoxicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sodium%20fluoride" title=" sodium fluoride"> sodium fluoride</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rat" title=" rat"> rat</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44227/evaluation-of-malva-sylvestris-l-effect-on-sodium-fluoride-induced-nephrotoxicity-in-rat" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44227.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">289</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1375</span> Property of Fermented Sweet Potato Flour and Its Suitability for Composite Noodle</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neti%20Yuliana">Neti Yuliana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Srisetyani"> Srisetyani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siti%20Nurdjanah"> Siti Nurdjanah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dewi%20Sartika"> Dewi Sartika</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yoan%20Martiansari"> Yoan Martiansari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Putri%20Nabila"> Putri Nabila</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Naturally sweet potato flour usually requires a modification process to improve its inherent property for expanding its application in food system. The study was aimed to modify sweet potato flour (SPF), to increase its utilization for composite noodle production, trough fermentation of sweet potato slices before its flouring process. Fermentation were prepared with five different starters: pickle brine, Lactobacillus plantarum, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, mixed of Lactobacillus plantarum, Leuconostoc mesenteroides , and mixed of Lactobacillus plantarum, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, and Sacharomyces cerevisiae. Samples were withdrawn every 0, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours. The fermented flours were characterized for swelling power, solubility, paste transmittance, pH, sensory properties (acidic aroma and whiteness), and the amount of broken composite noodle strips. The results indicated that there was no significant effect of different starters on fermented SPF characteristic and on the amount of broken noodle strip, while length of fermentation significantly affected. Longer fermentation, reaching 48-72 h, increased swelling power, pH, acidic aroma and whiteness of flour and reduced solubility, paste transmittance, and the amount of broken noodle strip. The results suggested that fermentation within 48-72 h period of time could provide great composite SPF for noodle. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=starters" title="starters">starters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fermented%20flour" title=" fermented flour"> fermented flour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sweet%20potato" title=" sweet potato"> sweet potato</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composite%20noodle" title=" composite noodle"> composite noodle</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41234/property-of-fermented-sweet-potato-flour-and-its-suitability-for-composite-noodle" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41234.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">389</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1374</span> Computational Studies of the Reactivity Descriptors and the Optoelectronic Properties on the Efficiency Free-Base- and Zn-Porphyrin-Sensitized Solar Cells</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soraya%20Abtouche">Soraya Abtouche</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zeyneb%20Ghoualem"> Zeyneb Ghoualem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syrine%20Daoudi"> Syrine Daoudi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lina%20Ouldmohamed"> Lina Ouldmohamed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xavier%20Assfeld"> Xavier Assfeld</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This work reports density functional theory calculations of the optimized geometries, molecular reactivity, energy gap,and thermodynamic properties of the free base (H2P) and their Zn (II) metallated (ZnP), bearing one, two, or three carboxylic acid groups using the hybrid functional B3LYP, Cam-B3lYP, wb97xd with 6-31G(d,p) basis sets. When donating groups are attached to the molecular dye, the bond lengths are slightly decreased, which is important for the easy transfer of an electron from donating to the accepting group. For all dyes, the highest occupied molecular orbital/lowest occupied molecular orbital analysis results in positive outcomes upon electron injection to the semiconductor and subsequent dye regeneration by the electrolyte. The ionization potential increases with increasing conjugation; therefore, the compound dye attached to one carboxylic acid group has the highest ionization potential. The results show higher efficiencies of those sensitized with ZnP. These results have been explained, taking into account the electronic character of the metal ion, which acts as a mediator in the injection step, and, on the other hand, considering the number of anchoring groups to which it binds to the surface of TiO2. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DSSC" title="DSSC">DSSC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=porphyrin" title=" porphyrin"> porphyrin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TD-DFT" title=" TD-DFT"> TD-DFT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electronic%20properties" title=" electronic properties"> electronic properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=donor-acceptor%20groups" title=" donor-acceptor groups"> donor-acceptor groups</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164820/computational-studies-of-the-reactivity-descriptors-and-the-optoelectronic-properties-on-the-efficiency-free-base-and-zn-porphyrin-sensitized-solar-cells" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164820.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">78</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1373</span> Microstructure, Compressive Strength and Transport Properties of High Strength Self-Compacting Concretes Containing Natural Pumice and Zeolite</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kianoosh%20Samimi">Kianoosh Samimi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siham%20Kamali-Bernard"> Siham Kamali-Bernard</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Akbar%20Maghsoudi"> Ali Akbar Maghsoudi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Due to the difficult placement and vibration between reinforcements of reinforced concrete and the defects that it may cause, the use of self-compacting concrete (SCC) is becoming more widespread. Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) is the most widely used binder in the construction industry. However, the manufacture of this cement results in a significant amount of CO<sub>2</sub> being released, which is detrimental to the environment. Thus, an alternative to reduce the cost of SCC is the use of more economical and environmental mineral additives in partial or total substitution of Portland cement. Our study is in this context and aims to develop SCCs both economic and ecological. Two natural pozzolans such as pumice and zeolite are chosen in this research. This research tries to answer questions including the microstructure of the two types of natural pozzolan and their influence on the mechanical properties as well as on the transport property of SCC. Based on the findings of this study, the studied zeolite is a clinoptilolite that presents higher pozzolan activity compared to pumice. However, the use of zeolite decreases the compressive strength of SCC composites. On the contrary, the compressive strength in SCC containing of pumice increases at both early and long term ages with a remarkable increase at long term. A correlation is obtained between the compressive strength with permeable pore and capillary absorption. Also, the results concerning compressive strength and transport property are well justified by evaporable and non-evaporable water content measurement. This paper shows that the substitution of Portland cement by 15% of pumice or 10% of zeolite in HSSCC is suitable in all aspects.  <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concrete" title="concrete">concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=durability" title=" durability"> durability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pumice" title=" pumice"> pumice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SCC" title=" SCC"> SCC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transport" title=" transport"> transport</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zeolite" title=" zeolite"> zeolite</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76162/microstructure-compressive-strength-and-transport-properties-of-high-strength-self-compacting-concretes-containing-natural-pumice-and-zeolite" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76162.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">187</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1372</span> A Laboratory–Designed Activity in Ecology to Demonstrate the Allelopathic Property of the Philippine Chromolaena odorata L. (King and Robinson) Leaf Extracts</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lina%20T.%20Codilla">Lina T. Codilla</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study primarily designed a laboratory activity in ecology to demonstrate the allelopathic property of the Philippine Chromolaena odorata L. (hagonoy) leaf extracts to Lycopersicum esculentum (M), commonly known as tomatoes. Ethanol extracts of C. odorata leaves were tested on seed germination and seedling growth of L. esculentum in 7-day and 14-day observation periods. Analysis of variance and Tukey’s HSD post hoc test was utilized to determine differences among treatments while Pre–test – Post–test experimental design was utilized in the determination of the effectiveness of the designed laboratory activity. Results showed that the 0.5% concentration level of ethanol leaf extracts significantly inhibited germination and seedling growth of L. esculentum in both observation periods. These results were used as the basis in the development of instructional material in ecology. The laboratory activity underwent face validation by five (5) experts in various fields of specialization, namely, Biological Sciences, Chemistry and Science Education. The readability of the designed laboratory activity was determined using a Cloze Test. Pilot testing was conducted and showed that the laboratory activity developed is found to be a very effective tool in supplementing learning about allelopathy in ecology class. Thus, it is recommended for use among ecology classes but modification will be made in a small – scale basis to minimize time consumption. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=allelopathy" title="allelopathy">allelopathy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chromolaena%20odorata%20l.%20%28hagonoy%29" title=" chromolaena odorata l. (hagonoy)"> chromolaena odorata l. (hagonoy)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=designed-laboratory%20activity" title=" designed-laboratory activity"> designed-laboratory activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20herbicide%20students%E2%80%99%20performance" title=" organic herbicide students’ performance"> organic herbicide students’ performance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49370/a-laboratory-designed-activity-in-ecology-to-demonstrate-the-allelopathic-property-of-the-philippine-chromolaena-odorata-l-king-and-robinson-leaf-extracts" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49370.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">294</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1371</span> Cultivation of High-value Patent from the Perspective of Knowledge Diffusion: A Case Study of the Power Semiconductor Field</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lin%20Qing">Lin Qing</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> [Objective/Significance] The cultivation of high-value patents is the focus and difficulty of patent work, which is of great significance to the construction of a powerful country with intellectual property rights. This work should not only pay attention to the existing patent applications, but also start from the pre-application to explore the high-value technical solutions as the core of high-value patents. [Methods/processes] Comply with the principle of scientific and technological knowledge diffusion, this study studies the top academic conference papers and their cited patent applications, taking the power semiconductor field as an example, using facts date show the feasibility and rationality of mining technology solutions from high quality research results to foster high value patents, stating the actual benefits of these achievements to the industry, giving patent protection suggestions for Chinese applicants comparative with field situation. [Results/Conclusion] The research shows that the quality of citation applications of ISPSD papers is significantly higher than the field average level, and the ability of Chinese applicants to use patent protection related achievements needs to be improved. This study provides a practical and highly targeted reference idea for patent administrators and researchers, and also makes a positive exploration for the practice of the spirit of breaking the five rules. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high-value%20patents%20cultivation" title="high-value patents cultivation">high-value patents cultivation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technical%20solutions" title=" technical solutions"> technical solutions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=knowledge%20diffusion" title=" knowledge diffusion"> knowledge diffusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=top%20academic%20conference%20papers" title=" top academic conference papers"> top academic conference papers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intellectual%20property%20information%20analysis" title=" intellectual property information analysis"> intellectual property information analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158703/cultivation-of-high-value-patent-from-the-perspective-of-knowledge-diffusion-a-case-study-of-the-power-semiconductor-field" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158703.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">129</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1370</span> Awarding Copyright Protection to Artificial Intelligence Technology for its Original Works: The New Way Forward</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vibhuti%20Amarnath%20Madhu%20Agrawal">Vibhuti Amarnath Madhu Agrawal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Intellectual Property are two emerging concepts that are growing at a fast pace and have the potential of having a huge impact on the economy in the coming times. In simple words, AI is nothing but work done by a machine without any human intervention. It is a coded software embedded in a machine, which over a period of time, develops its own intelligence and begins to take its own decisions and judgments by studying various patterns of how people think, react to situations and perform tasks, among others. Intellectual Property, especially Copyright Law, on the other hand, protects the rights of individuals and Companies in content creation that primarily deals with application of intellect, originality and expression of the same in some tangible form. According to some of the reports shared by the media lately, ChatGPT, an AI powered Chatbot, has been involved in the creation of a wide variety of original content, including but not limited to essays, emails, plays and poetry. Besides, there have been instances wherein AI technology has given creative inputs for background, lights and costumes, among others, for films. Copyright Law offers protection to all of these different kinds of content and much more. Considering the two key parameters of Copyright – application of intellect and originality, the question, therefore, arises that will awarding Copyright protection to a person who has not directly invested his / her intellect in the creation of that content go against the basic spirit of Copyright laws? This study aims to analyze the current scenario and provide answers to the following questions: a. If the content generated by AI technology satisfies the basic criteria of originality and expression in a tangible form, why should such content be denied protection in the name of its creator, i.e., the specific AI tool / technology? B. Considering the increasing role and development of AI technology in our lives, should it be given the status of a ‘Legal Person’ in law? C. If yes, what should be the modalities of awarding protection to works of such Legal Person and management of the same? Considering the current trends and the pace at which AI is advancing, it is not very far when AI will start functioning autonomously in the creation of new works. Current data and opinions on this issue globally reflect that they are divided and lack uniformity. In order to fill in the existing gaps, data obtained from Copyright offices from the top economies of the world have been analyzed. The role and functioning of various Copyright Societies in these countries has been studied in detail. This paper provides a roadmap that can be adopted to satisfy various objectives, constraints and dynamic conditions related AI technology and its protection under Copyright Law. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20intelligence%20technology" title="artificial intelligence technology">artificial intelligence technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=copyright%20law" title=" copyright law"> copyright law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=copyright%20societies" title=" copyright societies"> copyright societies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intellectual%20property" title=" intellectual property"> intellectual property</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169766/awarding-copyright-protection-to-artificial-intelligence-technology-for-its-original-works-the-new-way-forward" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169766.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">71</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1369</span> Characterization of Potato Starch/Guar Gum Composite Film Modified by Ecofriendly Cross-Linkers </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sujosh%20Nandi">Sujosh Nandi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Proshanta%20Guha"> Proshanta Guha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Synthetic plastics are preferred for food packaging due to high strength, stretch-ability, good water vapor and gas barrier properties, transparency and low cost. However, environmental pollution generated by these synthetic plastics is a major concern of modern human civilization. Therefore, use of biodegradable polymers as a substitute for synthetic non-biodegradable polymers are encouraged to be used even after considering drawbacks related to mechanical and barrier properties of the films. Starch is considered one of the potential raw material for the biodegradable polymer, encounters poor water barrier property and mechanical properties due to its hydrophilic nature. That apart, recrystallization of starch molecules occurs during aging which decreases flexibility and increases elastic modulus of the film. The recrystallization process can be minimized by blending of other hydrocolloids having similar structural compatibility, into the starch matrix. Therefore, incorporation of guar gum having a similar structural backbone, into the starch matrix can introduce a potential film into the realm of biodegradable polymer. However, hydrophilic nature of both starch and guar gum, water barrier property of the film is low. One of the prospective solution to enhance this could be modification of the potato starch/guar gum (PSGG) composite film using cross-linker. Over the years, several cross-linking agents such as phosphorus oxychloride, sodium trimetaphosphate, etc. have been used to improve water vapor permeability (WVP) of the films. However, these chemical cross-linking agents are toxic, expensive and take longer time to degrade. Therefore, naturally available carboxylic acid (tartaric acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, etc.) had been used as a cross-linker and found that water barrier property enhanced substantially. As per our knowledge, no works have been reported with tartaric acid and succinic acid as a cross-linking agent blended with the PSGG films. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to examine the changes in water vapor barrier property and mechanical properties of the PSGG films after cross-linked with tartaric acid (TA) and succinic acid (SA). The cross-linkers were blended with PSGG film-forming solution at four different concentrations (4, 8, 12 & 16%) and cast on teflon plate at 37°C for 20 h. From the fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) study of the developed films, a band at 1720cm-1 was observed which is attributed to the formation of ester group in the developed films. On the other hand, it was observed that tensile strength (TS) of the cross-linked film decreased compared to non-cross linked films, whereas strain at break increased by several folds. Moreover, the results depicted that tensile strength diminished with increasing the concentration of TA or SA and lowest TS (1.62 MPa) was observed for 16% SA. That apart, maximum strain at break was also observed for TA at 16% and the reason behind this could be a lesser degree of crystallinity of the TA cross-linked films compared to SA. However, water vapor permeability of succinic acid cross-linked film was reduced significantly, but it was enhanced significantly by addition of tartaric acid. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cross%20linking%20agent" title="cross linking agent">cross linking agent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=guar%20gum" title=" guar gum"> guar gum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20acids" title=" organic acids"> organic acids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=potato%20starch" title=" potato starch"> potato starch</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112414/characterization-of-potato-starchguar-gum-composite-film-modified-by-ecofriendly-cross-linkers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112414.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">114</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1368</span> High Responsivity of Zirconium boride/Chromium Alloy Heterostructure for Deep and Near UV Photodetector</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanjida%20Akter">Sanjida Akter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ambali%20Alade%20Odebowale"> Ambali Alade Odebowale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrey%20E.%20Miroshnichenko"> Andrey E. Miroshnichenko</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haroldo%20T.%20Hattori"> Haroldo T. Hattori</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Photodetectors (PDs) play a pivotal role in optoelectronics and optical devices, serving as fundamental components that convert light signals into electrical signals. As the field progresses, the integration of advanced materials with unique optical properties has become a focal point, paving the way for the innovation of novel PDs. This study delves into the exploration of a cutting-edge photodetector designed for deep and near ultraviolet (UV) applications. The photodetector is constructed with a composite of Zirconium Boride (ZrB2) and Chromium (Cr) alloy, deposited onto a 6H nitrogen-doped silicon carbide substrate. The determination of the optimal alloy thickness is achieved through Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) simulation, and the synthesis of the alloy is accomplished using radio frequency (RF) sputtering. Remarkably, the resulting photodetector exhibits an exceptional responsivity of 3.5 A/W under an applied voltage of -2 V, at wavelengths of 405 nm and 280 nm. This heterostructure not only exemplifies high performance but also provides a versatile platform for the development of near UV photodetectors capable of operating effectively in challenging conditions, such as environments characterized by high power and elevated temperatures. This study contributes to the expanding landscape of photodetector technology, offering a promising avenue for the advancement of optoelectronic devices in demanding applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=responsivity" title="responsivity">responsivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silicon%20carbide" title=" silicon carbide"> silicon carbide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultraviolet%20photodetector" title=" ultraviolet photodetector"> ultraviolet photodetector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zirconium%20boride" title=" zirconium boride"> zirconium boride</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182866/high-responsivity-of-zirconium-boridechromium-alloy-heterostructure-for-deep-and-near-uv-photodetector" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182866.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">66</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1367</span> The Big Bang Was Not the Beginning, but a Repeating Pattern of Expansion and Contraction of the Spacetime</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amrit%20Ladhani">Amrit Ladhani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The cyclic universe theory is a model of cosmic evolution according to which the universe undergoes endless cycles of expansion and cooling, each beginning with a “big bang” and ending in a “big crunch”. In this paper, we propose a unique property of Space-time. This particular and marvelous nature of space shows us that space can stretch, expand, and shrink. This property of space is caused by the size of the universe change over time: growing or shrinking. The observed accelerated expansion, which relates to the stretching of Shrunk space for the new theory, is derived. This theory is based on three underlying notions: First, the Big Bang is not the beginning of Space-time, but rather, at the very beginning fraction of a second, there was an infinite force of infinite Shrunk space in the cosmic singularity that force gave rise to the big bang and caused the rapidly growing of space, and all other forms of energy are transformed into new matter and radiation and a new period of expansion and cooling begins. Second, there was a previous phase leading up to it, with multiple cycles of contraction and expansion that repeat indefinitely. Third, the two principal long-range forces are the gravitational force and the repulsive force generated by shrink space. They are the two most fundamental quantities in the universe that govern cosmic evolution. They may provide the clockwork mechanism that operates our eternal cyclic universe. The universe will not continue to expand forever; no need, however, for dark energy and dark matter. This new model of Space-time and its unique properties enables us to describe a sequence of events from the Big Bang to the Big Crunch. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dark%20matter" title="dark matter">dark matter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dark%20energy" title=" dark energy"> dark energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cosmology" title=" cosmology"> cosmology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=big%20bang%20and%20big%20crunch" title=" big bang and big crunch"> big bang and big crunch</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173573/the-big-bang-was-not-the-beginning-but-a-repeating-pattern-of-expansion-and-contraction-of-the-spacetime" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173573.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> 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