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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1202158006">.mw-parser-output .law-sidebar .sidebar-heading{background:#aaddff;color:#000}.mw-parser-output .law-sidebar .sidebar-above{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .law-sidebar .sidebar-below{padding:0.4em;border-top:1px #aaa solid;font-weight:normal;font-size:smaller}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks hlist law-sidebar"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Property_law" title="Property law">Property law</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Property_Law_-_Gavel_and_Block_and_House_Keys.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Property_Law_-_Gavel_and_Block_and_House_Keys.jpg/150px-Property_Law_-_Gavel_and_Block_and_House_Keys.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Property_Law_-_Gavel_and_Block_and_House_Keys.jpg/225px-Property_Law_-_Gavel_and_Block_and_House_Keys.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Property_Law_-_Gavel_and_Block_and_House_Keys.jpg/300px-Property_Law_-_Gavel_and_Block_and_House_Keys.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2666" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above"> Part of the <a href="/wiki/Common_law" title="Common law">common law</a> series</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Types</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Personal_property" title="Personal property">Personal property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_property" title="Community property">Community property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_property" title="Real property">Real property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unowned_property" title="Unowned property">Unowned property</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Acquisition</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gift_(law)" title="Gift (law)">Gift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adverse_possession" title="Adverse possession">Adverse possession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deed" title="Deed">Deed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_of_conquest" title="Right of conquest">Conquest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discovery_doctrine" title="Discovery doctrine">Discovery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accession_(property_law)" title="Accession (property law)">Accession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lost,_mislaid,_and_abandoned_property" title="Lost, mislaid, and abandoned property">Lost, mislaid, and abandoned property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treasure_trove" title="Treasure trove">Treasure trove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bailment" title="Bailment">Bailment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/License" title="License">License</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alienation_(property_law)" title="Alienation (property law)">Alienation</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Estate_in_land" title="Estate in land">Estates in land</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allodial_title" title="Allodial title">Allodial title</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fee_simple" title="Fee simple">Fee simple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fee_tail" title="Fee tail">Fee tail</a></li> <li><br /><a href="/wiki/Life_estate" title="Life estate">Life estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defeasible_estate" title="Defeasible estate">Defeasible estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_interest" title="Future interest">Future interest</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Remainder_(law)" title="Remainder (law)">remainder</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concurrent_estate" title="Concurrent estate">Concurrent estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leasehold_estate" title="Leasehold estate">Leasehold estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Condominium_(living_space)" class="mw-redirect" title="Condominium (living space)">Condominiums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_estate" title="Real estate">Real estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_tenure" title="Land tenure">Land tenure</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Conveyancing" title="Conveyancing">Conveyancing</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bona_fide_purchaser" title="Bona fide purchaser"><i>Bona fide</i> purchaser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torrens_title" title="Torrens title">Torrens title</a></li> <li><br /><a href="/wiki/Strata_title" title="Strata title">Strata title</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Deeds registration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estoppel_by_deed" title="Estoppel by deed">Estoppel by deed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quitclaim" title="Quitclaim">Quitclaim deed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortgage_law" title="Mortgage law">Mortgage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equitable_conversion" title="Equitable conversion">Equitable conversion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quiet_title" title="Quiet title">Action to quiet title</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escheat" title="Escheat">Escheat</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Future_interest" title="Future interest">Future use</a> control</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Restraint_on_alienation" title="Restraint on alienation">Restraint on alienation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rule_against_perpetuities" title="Rule against 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title="Will (law)">Wills</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trust_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Trust law">trusts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Administration_(probate_law)" title="Administration (probate law)">estates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criminal_law" title="Criminal law">Criminal law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evidence_(law)" title="Evidence (law)">Evidence</a></li></ul> <hr /> <i>Higher category:</i> <a href="/wiki/Law" title="Law">Law</a> and <a href="/wiki/Common_law" title="Common law">Common law</a></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Property_law" title="Template:Property law"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Property_law" title="Template talk:Property law"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Property_law" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Property law"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1902_2s6d_Ireland_Registration_of_Deeds_revenue_stamp.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/1902_2s6d_Ireland_Registration_of_Deeds_revenue_stamp.jpg/220px-1902_2s6d_Ireland_Registration_of_Deeds_revenue_stamp.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="362" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/1902_2s6d_Ireland_Registration_of_Deeds_revenue_stamp.jpg/330px-1902_2s6d_Ireland_Registration_of_Deeds_revenue_stamp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/58/1902_2s6d_Ireland_Registration_of_Deeds_revenue_stamp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="358" data-file-height="589" /></a><figcaption>Irish Registration of Deeds revenue stamp of 1902</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Deeds registration</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Land_management" title="Land management">land management</a> system whereby all important <a href="/wiki/Legal_instrument" title="Legal instrument">instruments</a> which relate to the common law <a href="/wiki/Title_(property)" title="Title (property)">title</a> to <a href="/wiki/Parcels_of_land" class="mw-redirect" title="Parcels of land">parcels of land</a> are registered on a government-maintained <a href="/wiki/Land_registry" class="mw-redirect" title="Land registry">register</a>, to facilitate the transfer of title. The system had been used in some <a href="/wiki/Common_law" title="Common law">common law</a> jurisdictions and continues to be used in some jurisdictions, including most of the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>. </p><p>It is being replaced by <a href="/wiki/Torrens_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Torrens system">Torrens systems</a> in many jurisdictions. <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a> as well as most Canadian provinces have converted from deeds registries to Torrens titles. Some Canadian provinces have never operated a deeds registry and have always used Torrens titles. Other Canadian provinces which have converted from a deeds registry to Torrens titles have operated both systems in conjunction until the Torrens system gradually superseded the deeds registry system, as was the case in <a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick" title="New Brunswick">New Brunswick</a> during the 2000s. In the Canadian province of <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a>, electronic registration led to Ontario's version of Torrens title covering almost all land, but the past deeds registration still governs some issues.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> and the Canadian provinces of <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a>, <a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Newfoundland and Labrador">Newfoundland and Labrador</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward_Island" title="Prince Edward Island">Prince Edward Island</a> are the only provinces left which still operate a deeds registration system. </p><p>In contrast to the Torrens system in which basically the one who registered in a land registry as owner of a piece or parcel of land has an indefeasible title of the land, deeds registration system is merely a registration of all important instruments related to that land. In order to establish one's title to the land, a person (or usually their purchaser's <a href="/wiki/Lawyer" title="Lawyer">attorney</a>) will ascertain, for example: </p> <ul><li>all the title documents have been properly executed,</li> <li>"a chain of title" is established, i.e. the proper ownerships from the granting of the land from the government to the current owner,</li> <li>there are no <a href="/wiki/Encumbrances" class="mw-redirect" title="Encumbrances">encumbrances</a> on the land that probably will harm the title of the land.</li></ul> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Duty_to_give_and_show_good_title">Duty to give and show good title</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deeds_registration&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Duty to give and show good title"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since, in contrast to the Torrens system, the registry is merely a record of all instruments related to the land, the "owner" as shown on the land registry record (or common known as "land search record" in Hong Kong) does not necessarily mean that he has a "good title", which means a title that is not defeasible or potentially defeasible. </p><p>In a sale and purchase of land, a <a href="/wiki/Vendor" title="Vendor">vendor</a> is required to show a "good title" to the purchaser. Since the land search record is not conclusive, it leads to problems when a vendor has to prove his title, in particular when the land is old or involves multiple <a href="/wiki/Encumbrances" class="mw-redirect" title="Encumbrances">encumbrances</a>. This may lead to litigation if the parties cannot agree on whether a good title is shown. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Relief_from_harsh_system">Relief from harsh system</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deeds_registration&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Relief from harsh system"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>, the vendor is generally only required to prove his title up to 15 years prior to the date of the sale and purchase. Further, various legislative measures relieve the vendor's duty. For example, the vendor can rely on assumption that a <a href="/wiki/Recital_(law)" title="Recital (law)">recital</a> of an instrument referring to matters prior to 15-year-old is true. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a> a vendor has to produce "a good root of title" (usually a conveyance for value but some other instruments qualifies). A purchaser cannot insist that the root of title to be more than 40 years old; the practice being only to insist on a minimal 20-year period. There is a presumption that the recitals in a conveyance for valuable consideration are true if that conveyance is at least 20 years old. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Changing_to_title_registration">Changing to title registration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deeds_registration&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Changing to title registration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many jurisdictions have switched or are switching from a deeds registration system to a system of <a href="/wiki/Title_registration" class="mw-redirect" title="Title registration">title registration</a>. For example, Hong Kong, one of the last common law jurisdictions to maintain a deed registration system, passed the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Land_Titles_Ordinance&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Land Titles Ordinance (page does not exist)">Land Titles Ordinance</a> in 2004, which will see Hong Kong shift to the Torrens system. The law will be gradually implemented over a period of twelve years. However, there is no timetable for the commencement of the Ordinance as at 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deeds_registration&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Land_registration" title="Land registration">Land registration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recording_(real_estate)" title="Recording (real estate)">Recording (real estate)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recorder_of_deeds" title="Recorder of deeds">Recorder of deeds</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deeds_registration&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.e-laws.gov.on.ca/html/statutes/english/elaws_statutes_90l04_e.htm%5D">Ontario Land Registration Reform Act</a> See John R. Wood, <i>Understanding Electronic Registration: Rights of Way and Property Rights Generally</i>, Carswell, (2014) 38 R.P.R. (5th) 4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/201605/25/P201605250218.htm">LCQ14: Implementation of the Land Titles Ordinance and title registration system</a>, Secretary for Development's written reply to Legislative Council.</span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deeds_registration&oldid=1179687560">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deeds_registration&oldid=1179687560</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Property_law" title="Category:Property law">Property law</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Law_of_Hong_Kong" title="Category:Law of Hong Kong">Law of Hong Kong</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Property_law_of_Ireland" title="Category:Property law of Ireland">Property law of Ireland</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden category: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_April_2022" title="Category:Use dmy dates from April 2022">Use dmy dates from April 2022</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 11 October 2023, at 19:41<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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