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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dialects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dialects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Dialects</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dialects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Phonology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phonology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Phonology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Phonology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lexicon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lexicon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Lexicon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lexicon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Orthography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Orthography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Orthography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Orthography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Morphology_and_syntax" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Morphology_and_syntax"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Morphology and syntax</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Morphology_and_syntax-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Morphology and syntax subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Morphology_and_syntax-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Case" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Case"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Case</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Case-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pronouns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pronouns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Pronouns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pronouns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verbs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verbs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Verbs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verbs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Subordinate_clauses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subordinate_clauses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3.1</span> <span>Subordinate clauses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Subordinate_clauses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sample_text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sample_text"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Sample text</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sample_text-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kyrgyz language</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 125 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-125" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">125 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%8B%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%B7%D1%8D" title="Кыргызыбзэ – Adyghe" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Кыргызыбзэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="Adyghe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirgisies" title="Kirgisies – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kirgisies" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%AA%E1%88%AD%E1%8C%8A%E1%8B%9D%E1%8A%9B" title="ኪርጊዝኛ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ኪርጊዝኛ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="किर्गिज़ भाषा – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="किर्गिज़ भाषा" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D2%9F%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%8B%D0%B7_%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%B7%D1%88%D3%99%D0%B0" title="Аҟыргыз бызшәа – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Аҟыргыз бызшәа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="اللغة القرغيزية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اللغة القرغيزية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_kirgu%C3%ADs" title="Idioma kirguís – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Idioma kirguís" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%C4%B1r%C4%9F%C4%B1z_dili" title="Qırğız dili – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qırğız dili" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%BA%DB%8C%D8%B2_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%AC%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="قیرغیز تورکجه‌سی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="قیرغیز تورکجه‌سی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="কিরগিজ ভাষা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কিরগিজ ভাষা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyrgyz-g%C3%AD" title="Kyrgyz-gí – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kyrgyz-gí" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%A0%D1%8B%D1%80%D2%93%D1%8B%D2%99_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Ҡырғыҙ теле – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ҡырғыҙ теле" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Кіргізская мова – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кіргізская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Кыргыская мова – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Кыргыская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Киргизки език – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Киргизки език" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirgiski_jezik" title="Kirgiski jezik – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kirgiski jezik" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirgizeg" title="Kirgizeg – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kirgizeg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirgu%C3%ADs" title="Kirguís – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Kirguís" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%C4%83%D1%80%D0%BA%C4%83%D1%81_%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8" title="Кăркăс чĕлхи – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Кăркăс чĕлхи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyrgyz%C5%A1tina" title="Kyrgyzština – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kyrgyzština" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cirgiseg" title="Cirgiseg – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cirgiseg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirgisisk_(sprog)" title="Kirgisisk (sprog) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kirgisisk (sprog)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirgisische_Sprache" title="Kirgisische Sprache – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kirgisische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirgiisi_keel" title="Kirgiisi keel – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kirgiisi keel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%B6%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B3%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1" title="Κιργιζική γλώσσα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κιργιζική γλώσσα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Киргизэнь кель – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Киргизэнь кель" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_kirgu%C3%ADs" title="Idioma kirguís – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma kirguís" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirgiza_lingvo" title="Kirgiza lingvo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kirgiza lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirgizera" title="Kirgizera – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kirgizera" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%82%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C" title="زبان قرقیزی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان قرقیزی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyrgyz_bhasa" title="Kyrgyz bhasa – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Kyrgyz bhasa" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirghize" title="Kirghize – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Kirghize" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirgizysk" title="Kirgizysk – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Kirgizysk" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Chirgisis" title="An Chirgisis – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Chirgisis" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%B1rg%C4%B1z_dili" title="Kırgız dili – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Kırgız dili" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_kirguiz" title="Lingua kirguiz – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua kirguiz" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D3%80%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B3%D3%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82" title="ГӀиргӀизой мотт – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="ГӀиргӀизой мотт" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyrgyz-ng%C3%AE" title="Kyrgyz-ngî – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Kyrgyz-ngî" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%82%A4%EB%A5%B4%EA%B8%B0%EC%8A%A4%EC%96%B4" title="키르기스어 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="키르기스어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaren_Kyrgyzstan" title="Yaren Kyrgyzstan – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Yaren Kyrgyzstan" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%82%D6%80%D5%B2%D5%A6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Ղրղզերեն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ղրղզերեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="किर्गिज़ भाषा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="किर्गिज़ भाषा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirgi%C5%A1%C4%87ina" title="Kirgišćina – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Kirgišćina" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirgiski_jezik" title="Kirgiski jezik – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kirgiski jezik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagsasao_a_Kirgistan" title="Pagsasao a Kirgistan – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pagsasao a Kirgistan" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Kirgiz" title="Bahasa Kirgiz – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Kirgiz" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%8A%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%8A%D1%8B%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B3_%C3%A6%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Хъыргъызаг æвзаг – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Хъыргъызаг æвзаг" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_kirghisa" title="Lingua kirghisa – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua kirghisa" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%92%D7%99%D7%96%D7%99%D7%AA" title="קירגיזית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קירגיזית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A7%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="ყირგიზული ენა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ყირგიზული ენა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D1%8B%D1%80%D2%93%D1%8B%D0%B7_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Қырғыз тілі – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Қырғыз тілі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igikirigizi" title="Igikirigizi – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Igikirigizi" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kikirgizi" title="Kikirgizi – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kikirgizi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%8B%D0%B7_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2" title="Кыргыз кыв – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Кыргыз кыв" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirgizava" title="Kirgizava – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Kirgizava" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziman%C3%AA_qirgiz%C3%AE" title="Zimanê qirgizî – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Zimanê qirgizî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%8B%D0%B7_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Кыргыз тили – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Кыргыз тили" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_Kyrgyzica" title="Lingua Kyrgyzica – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lingua Kyrgyzica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirg%C4%ABzu_valoda" title="Kirgīzu valoda – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kirgīzu valoda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirgiz%C5%B3_kalba" title="Kirgizų kalba – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kirgizų kalba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirgiz_nyelv" title="Kirgiz nyelv – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kirgiz nyelv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Киргиски јазик – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Киргиски јазик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiteny_kirgizy" title="Fiteny kirgizy – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiteny kirgizy" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7" title="കിർഗിസ് ഭാഷ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കിർഗിസ് ഭാഷ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9D_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="किर्गिझ भाषा – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="किर्गिझ भाषा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A7%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="ყირგიზული ნინა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ყირგიზული ნინა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D9%87_%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%89" title="لغه كيرجيزى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="لغه كيرجيزى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%82%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C" title="قرقیزی – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="قرقیزی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Kyrgyz" title="Bahasa Kyrgyz – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahasa Kyrgyz" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyrgyz-ng%E1%B9%B3%CC%84" title="Kyrgyz-ngṳ̄ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Kyrgyz-ngṳ̄" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Киргиз хэл – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Киргиз хэл" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirgizisch" title="Kirgizisch – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kirgizisch" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="किरगिज भाषा – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="किरगिज भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AD%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AE%E3%82%B9%E8%AA%9E" title="キルギス語 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="キルギス語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D3%80%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B3%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82" title="ГӀиргӀазойн мотт – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="ГӀиргӀазойн мотт" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirgiisk_spriak" title="Kirgiisk spriak – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Kirgiisk spriak" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirgisisk" title="Kirgisisk – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kirgisisk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirgisisk" title="Kirgisisk – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kirgisisk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quirguiz" title="Quirguiz – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Quirguiz" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qirg%CA%BBiz_tili" title="Qirgʻiz tili – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Qirgʻiz tili" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਕਿਰਗੀਜ਼ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕਿਰਗੀਜ਼ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%BA%DB%8C%D8%B2_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C" title="کرغیز بولی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کرغیز بولی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%BA%D8%B2%D9%8A_%DA%98%D8%A8%D9%87" title="قرغزي ژبه – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="قرغزي ژبه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiergi" title="Kiergi – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Kiergi" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_kirghiz" title="Lenga kirghiz – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga kirghiz" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_kirgiski" title="Język kirgiski – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język kirgiski" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_quirguiz" title="Língua quirguiz – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua quirguiz" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%C4%B1r%C7%B5%C4%B1z_t%D1%96l%D1%96" title="Qırǵız tіlі – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Qırǵız tіlі" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%C4%B1r%C4%9F%C4%B1z_tili" title="Qırğız tili – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Qırğız tili" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_kirghiz%C4%83" title="Limba kirghiză – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limba kirghiză" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirkis_simi" title="Kirkis simi – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Kirkis simi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8B%D1%80%D2%91%D1%8B%D0%B7%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Кырґызськый язык – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Кырґызськый язык" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Киргизский язык – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Киргизский язык" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%8B%D1%8B%D1%81_%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Кыргыыс тыла – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Кыргыыс тыла" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9C%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%BD_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱠᱤᱨᱜᱤᱡᱽ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱠᱤᱨᱜᱤᱡᱽ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_Chirghisa" title="Limba Chirghisa – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Limba Chirghisa" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyrgyz_leid" title="Kyrgyz leid – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Kyrgyz leid" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyrgyz_language" title="Kyrgyz language – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Kyrgyz language" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirgiz%C5%A1tina" title="Kirgizština – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kirgizština" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirgi%C5%A1%C4%8Dina" title="Kirgiščina – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kirgiščina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyrgysk%C5%8F_g%C5%8Fdka" title="Kyrgyskŏ gŏdka – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Kyrgyskŏ gŏdka" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%BA%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C" title="زمانی قرغیزی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زمانی قرغیزی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Киргиски језик – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Киргиски језик" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirgiski_jezik" title="Kirgiski jezik – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kirgiski jezik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirgiisin_kieli" title="Kirgiisin kieli – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kirgiisin kieli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirgiziska" title="Kirgiziska – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kirgiziska" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikang_Kirgis" title="Wikang Kirgis – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Wikang Kirgis" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF" title="கிருகிசு மொழி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கிருகிசு மொழி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takirgizit" title="Takirgizit – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Takirgizit" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%8B%D0%B7_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Кыргыз теле – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Кыргыз теле" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%8B" title="ภาษาคีร์กีซ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษาคีร์กีซ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D2%9B%D0%B8%D1%80%D2%93%D0%B8%D0%B7%D3%A3" title="Забони қирғизӣ – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Забони қирғизӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%B1rg%C4%B1zca" title="Kırgızca – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kırgızca" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyrgyz_dili" title="Gyrgyz dili – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Gyrgyz dili" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Киргиз кыл – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Киргиз кыл" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Киргизька мова – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Киргизька мова" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%BA%DB%8C%D8%B2_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="کرغیز زبان – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کرغیز زبان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%89%D8%B1%D8%BA%D9%89%D8%B2_%D8%AA%D9%89%D9%84%D9%89" title="قىرغىز تىلى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="قىرغىز تىلى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Kyrgyz" title="Tiếng Kyrgyz – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiếng Kyrgyz" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9F%AF%E5%B0%94%E5%85%8B%E5%AD%9C%E8%AF%AD" title="柯尔克孜语 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="柯尔克孜语" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%89%E7%88%BE%E5%90%89%E6%96%AF%E6%96%87" title="吉爾吉斯文 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="吉爾吉斯文" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%C4%B1r%C4%9F%C4%B1zki" title="Qırğızki – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Qırğızki" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirkizu_kalba" title="Kirkizu kalba – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Kirkizu kalba" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9F%AF%E5%B0%94%E5%85%8B%E5%AD%9C%E8%AF%AD" title="柯尔克孜语 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="柯尔克孜语" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Kirghiz" title="Bahasa Kirghiz – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Bahasa Kirghiz" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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<div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Kipchak Turkic language of Central Asia</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Fuyu_Kyrgyz_language" title="Fuyu Kyrgyz language">Fuyu Kyrgyz language</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above above" style="font-size:125%; color: black; background-color: yellowgreen;">Kyrgyz</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:110%; color: black; background-color: yellowgreen;"><span title="Kyrgyz-language text"><span lang="ky">Кыргыз тили</span></span><br /><span title="Kyrgyz-language text"><span lang="ky"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1227789315">.mw-parser-output .script-arabic{font-family:"Scheherazade New","SF Arabic",Amiri,"Noto Naskh Arabic","Droid Arabic Naskh","Noto Sans Arabic","Sakkal Majalla","Harmattan","Arabic Typesetting","Arabic Transparent","Times New Roman",Arial,Calibri,"Microsoft Sans Serif","Segoe UI",serif,sans-serif;font-weight:normal}</style><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">قىرعىز تىلى</span>‎</span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Kyrgyz.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Kyrgyz.svg/200px-Kyrgyz.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Kyrgyz.svg/300px-Kyrgyz.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Kyrgyz.svg/400px-Kyrgyz.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3124" data-file-height="1608" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="padding:0.35em 0.35em 0.25em;line-height:1.25em;">Kyrgyz written in <a href="/wiki/Cyrillic" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyrillic">Cyrillic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Perso-Arabic" class="mw-redirect" title="Perso-Arabic">Perso-Arabic</a> scripts</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Pronunciation</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ky-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Kyrgyz" title="Help:IPA/Kyrgyz">[qɯɾʁɯzˈtʃɑ]</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Native to</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Region</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central Asia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Ethnicity</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_people" title="Kyrgyz people">Kyrgyz</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Native speakers</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">5.15 million (2009 census)<sup id="cite_ref-e26_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e26-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Language_family" title="Language family">Language family</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Turkic_languages" title="Turkic languages">Turkic</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1.35em;padding-left:0"><li> <a href="/wiki/Common_Turkic_languages" title="Common Turkic languages">Common Turkic</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Kipchak_languages" title="Kipchak languages">Kipchak</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li>Kyrgyz–Kipchak<ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><b>Kyrgyz</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="plainlist"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Dialects</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pamir_Kyrgyz_dialect" title="Pamir Kyrgyz dialect">Pamiri Kyrgyz</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Writing_system" title="Writing system">Writing system</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_alphabets" title="Kyrgyz alphabets">Kyrgyz alphabets</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">Cyrillic script</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Perso-Arabic script</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_Braille" title="Kyrgyz Braille">Kyrgyz Braille</a>) Historically, <a href="/wiki/Old_Turkic_script" title="Old Turkic script">Old Turkic script</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: yellowgreen;">Official status</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Official language in</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kizilsu_Kyrgyz_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Kizilsu Kyrgyz Autonomous Prefecture">Kizilsu Kyrgyz Autonomous Prefecture</a></li></ul> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; font-weight:normal;background:transparent;text-align:left;"><div><b>Organisations</b>:</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Flag_of_the_Organization_of_Turkic_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Organization_of_Turkic_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Flag_of_the_Organization_of_Turkic_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Organization_of_Turkic_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Flag_of_the_Organization_of_Turkic_States.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Organization_of_Turkic_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1704" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_Turkic_States" title="Organization of Turkic States">Organization of Turkic States</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_the_Collective_Security_Treaty_Organization.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Collective_Security_Treaty_Organization.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_the_Collective_Security_Treaty_Organization.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Collective_Security_Treaty_Organization.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_the_Collective_Security_Treaty_Organization.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Collective_Security_Treaty_Organization.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Collective_Security_Treaty_Organization" title="Collective Security Treaty Organization">Collective Security Treaty Organization</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Recognised minority<br />language in</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="vertical-align:middle;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: yellowgreen;">Language codes</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-1" title="ISO 639-1">ISO 639-1</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/langcodes_name.php?iso_639_1=ky">ky</a></span></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-2" title="ISO 639-2">ISO 639-2</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/langcodes_name.php?code_ID=237">kir</a></span></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/kir" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:kir">kir</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a></i></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/kirg1245">kirg1245</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Linguasphere_Observatory" title="Linguasphere Observatory">Linguasphere</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hortensj-garden.org/index.php?tnc=1&tr=lsr&nid=44-AAB-cd">44-AAB-cd</a></code></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Distribution_of_the_Kyrgyz_language.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Distribution_of_the_Kyrgyz_language.png/320px-Distribution_of_the_Kyrgyz_language.png" decoding="async" width="320" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Distribution_of_the_Kyrgyz_language.png/480px-Distribution_of_the_Kyrgyz_language.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Distribution_of_the_Kyrgyz_language.png/640px-Distribution_of_the_Kyrgyz_language.png 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span><div style="text-align:left;">Places where Kyrgyz is spoken</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint selfref" style="background-color:#E7E7FF;color:inherit;padding:0.3em 0.5em;text-align:left;line-height:1.3;"><b>This article contains <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a> phonetic symbols.</b> Without proper <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA#Rendering_issues" title="Help:IPA">rendering support</a>, you may see <a href="/wiki/Specials_(Unicode_block)#Replacement_character" title="Specials (Unicode block)">question marks, boxes, or other symbols</a> instead of <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">Help:IPA</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236303919">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}</style> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/%E2%80%9C%D0%A7%D1%83%D2%A3%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BA%E2%80%9D_%D0%BA%D3%A9%D1%87%D2%AF-_2017_%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D3%A9%D1%82%D1%82%D2%AF.webm/220px--%E2%80%9C%D0%A7%D1%83%D2%A3%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BA%E2%80%9D_%D0%BA%D3%A9%D1%87%D2%AF-_2017_%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D3%A9%D1%82%D1%82%D2%AF.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="183" data-mwtitle="“Чуңкурчак”_көчү-_2017_этно_фестивалы_өттү.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:%E2%80%9C%D0%A7%D1%83%D2%A3%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BA%E2%80%9D_%D0%BA%D3%A9%D1%87%D2%AF-_2017_%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D3%A9%D1%82%D1%82%D2%AF.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2c/%E2%80%9C%D0%A7%D1%83%D2%A3%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BA%E2%80%9D_%D0%BA%D3%A9%D1%87%D2%AF-_2017_%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D3%A9%D1%82%D1%82%D2%AF.webm/%E2%80%9C%D0%A7%D1%83%D2%A3%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BA%E2%80%9D_%D0%BA%D3%A9%D1%87%D2%AF-_2017_%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D3%A9%D1%82%D1%82%D2%AF.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; 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codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2c/%E2%80%9C%D0%A7%D1%83%D2%A3%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BA%E2%80%9D_%D0%BA%D3%A9%D1%87%D2%AF-_2017_%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D3%A9%D1%82%D1%82%D2%AF.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2c/%E2%80%9C%D0%A7%D1%83%D2%A3%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BA%E2%80%9D_%D0%BA%D3%A9%D1%87%D2%AF-_2017_%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D3%A9%D1%82%D1%82%D2%AF.webm/%E2%80%9C%D0%A7%D1%83%D2%A3%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BA%E2%80%9D_%D0%BA%D3%A9%D1%87%D2%AF-_2017_%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D3%A9%D1%82%D1%82%D2%AF.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2c/%E2%80%9C%D0%A7%D1%83%D2%A3%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BA%E2%80%9D_%D0%BA%D3%A9%D1%87%D2%AF-_2017_%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D3%A9%D1%82%D1%82%D2%AF.webm/%E2%80%9C%D0%A7%D1%83%D2%A3%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BA%E2%80%9D_%D0%BA%D3%A9%D1%87%D2%AF-_2017_%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D3%A9%D1%82%D1%82%D2%AF.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2c/%E2%80%9C%D0%A7%D1%83%D2%A3%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BA%E2%80%9D_%D0%BA%D3%A9%D1%87%D2%AF-_2017_%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D3%A9%D1%82%D1%82%D2%AF.webm/%E2%80%9C%D0%A7%D1%83%D2%A3%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BA%E2%80%9D_%D0%BA%D3%A9%D1%87%D2%AF-_2017_%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D3%A9%D1%82%D1%82%D2%AF.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>A speaker of the Kyrgyz language in traditional dress, recorded on the Chunkurchak pasture on the outskirts of Bishkek during an interview</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_1" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/WIKITONGUES-_Azim_speaking_Kyrgyz.webm/220px--WIKITONGUES-_Azim_speaking_Kyrgyz.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="123" data-durationhint="89" data-mwtitle="WIKITONGUES-_Azim_speaking_Kyrgyz.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:WIKITONGUES-_Azim_speaking_Kyrgyz.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a8/WIKITONGUES-_Azim_speaking_Kyrgyz.webm/WIKITONGUES-_Azim_speaking_Kyrgyz.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a8/WIKITONGUES-_Azim_speaking_Kyrgyz.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-width="1080" data-height="606" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a8/WIKITONGUES-_Azim_speaking_Kyrgyz.webm/WIKITONGUES-_Azim_speaking_Kyrgyz.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a8/WIKITONGUES-_Azim_speaking_Kyrgyz.webm/WIKITONGUES-_Azim_speaking_Kyrgyz.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a8/WIKITONGUES-_Azim_speaking_Kyrgyz.webm/WIKITONGUES-_Azim_speaking_Kyrgyz.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AWIKITONGUES-_Azim_speaking_Kyrgyz.webm&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></video></span><figcaption>Azim, a speaker of the Kyrgyz language, recorded in <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Kyrgyz</b><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a <a href="/wiki/Turkic_languages" title="Turkic languages">Turkic language</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Kipchak_languages" title="Kipchak languages">Kipchak branch</a> spoken in <a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central Asia</a>. Kyrgyz is the official language of <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a> and a significant minority language in the <a href="/wiki/Kizilsu_Kyrgyz_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Kizilsu Kyrgyz Autonomous Prefecture">Kizilsu Kyrgyz Autonomous Prefecture</a> in <a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a>, <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> and in the <a href="/wiki/Gorno-Badakhshan_Autonomous_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region">Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region</a> of <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a>. There is a very high level of <a href="/wiki/Mutual_intelligibility" title="Mutual intelligibility">mutual intelligibility</a> between Kyrgyz, <a href="/wiki/Kazakh_language" title="Kazakh language">Kazakh</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Altay_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Altay language">Altay</a>. A dialect of Kyrgyz known as <a href="/wiki/Pamiri_Kyrgyz_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Pamiri Kyrgyz dialect">Pamiri Kyrgyz</a> is spoken in north-eastern <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> and northern <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>. Kyrgyz is also spoken by many ethnic Kyrgyz through the former <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>, <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>, parts of northern <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>. </p><p>Kyrgyz was originally written in <a href="/wiki/Old_Turkic_script" title="Old Turkic script">Göktürk script</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> gradually replaced by the <a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Perso-Arabic alphabet</a> (in use until 1928 in the USSR, still in use in China). Between 1928 and 1940, a <a href="/wiki/Latin-script_alphabet" title="Latin-script alphabet">Latin-script alphabet</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Common_Turkic_Alphabet#In_the_USSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Common Turkic Alphabet">Uniform Turkic Alphabet</a>, was used. In 1940, Soviet authorities replaced the Latin script with the <a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">Cyrillic alphabet</a> for all Turkic languages on its territory. When Kyrgyzstan became independent following the Soviet Union's collapse in 1991, a plan to adopt the Latin alphabet became popular. Although the plan has not been implemented, it remains in occasional discussion.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Classification">Classification</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kyrgyz_language&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Classification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kyrgyz is a <a href="/wiki/Common_Turkic_languages" title="Common Turkic languages">Common Turkic</a> language belonging to the <a href="/wiki/Kipchak_languages" title="Kipchak languages">Kipchak branch</a> of the family. It is considered to be an <a href="/w/index.php?title=East_Kipchak_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="East Kipchak language (page does not exist)">East Kipchak language</a>, forming a subfamily with the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Altai_language" title="Southern Altai language">Southern Altai language</a> within the greater Kipchak branch. Internally, Kyrgyz has three distinct varieties; Northern and Southern Kyrgyz.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Language should not be confused with Old Kyrgyz (<a href="/wiki/Yenisei_Kyrgyz" title="Yenisei Kyrgyz">Yenisei Kyrgyz</a>) language which classified as a member of the <a href="/wiki/Siberian_Turkic_languages" title="Siberian Turkic languages">South Siberian</a> branch of Turkic languages. The successor of the Yenisei Kyrgyz language today are the <a href="/wiki/Khakas_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Khakas people">Khakas</a> in <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russian Federation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fuyu_Kyrgyz_people" title="Fuyu Kyrgyz people">Fuyu Kyrgyz</a> in <a href="/wiki/Northeast_China" title="Northeast China">Northeastern China</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-StaryPozzi2006_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StaryPozzi2006-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kyrgyz_language&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 925, when the <a href="/wiki/Liao_dynasty" title="Liao dynasty">Liao dynasty</a> defeated the <a href="/wiki/Yenisei_Kyrgyz_Khaganate" class="mw-redirect" title="Yenisei Kyrgyz Khaganate">Yenisei Kyrgyz</a> and expelled them from the Mongolian steppes, some Ancient Kyrgyz elites settled in Altai and Xinjiang where they mixed with the local <a href="/wiki/Kipchaks" title="Kipchaks">Kipchaks</a>, resulting in a language shift. </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/Mongol_Empire" title="Mongol Empire">Mongol conquest</a> in 1207 and a series of revolts against the <a href="/wiki/Yuan_dynasty" title="Yuan dynasty">Yuan dynasty</a>, Kyrgyz-speaking tribes started to migrate to <a href="/wiki/Tian_Shan" title="Tian Shan">Tian Shan</a>, which was already populated by various <a href="/wiki/Turco-Mongol_tradition" title="Turco-Mongol tradition">Turco-Mongol</a> tribes. As <a href="/wiki/Chagatai_Khanate" title="Chagatai Khanate">Chaghatai Ulus</a> subjects, the Kyrgyz converted to <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>. <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a> vocabulary loaned to the Kyrgyz language, but to a much lesser extent than <a href="/wiki/Kazakh_language" title="Kazakh language">Kazakh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uzbek_language" title="Uzbek language">Uzbek</a> and <a href="/wiki/Uyghur_language" title="Uyghur language">Uyghur</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dialects">Dialects</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kyrgyz_language&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Dialects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kyrgyz is divided into two main dialects, Northern and Southern. Northern having more <a href="/wiki/Mongolian_language" title="Mongolian language">Mongolian</a> loanwords and Southern having more <a href="/wiki/Uzbek_language" title="Uzbek language">Uzbek</a> ones. Standard Kyrgyz is based on Northern Kyrgyz.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is also a third smaller dialect called Pamiri Kyrgyz.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Phonology">Phonology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kyrgyz_language&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Phonology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_phonology" title="Kyrgyz phonology">Kyrgyz phonology</a></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <caption>Kyrgyz vowel phonemes<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2"> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Front_vowel" title="Front vowel">Front</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Back_vowel" title="Back vowel">Back</a> </th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: center; font-size: x-small; height: 3em"> <th>unrounded</th> <th>rounded </th> <th>unrounded</th> <th>rounded </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Close_vowel" title="Close vowel">Close</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close front unrounded vowel">i</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_front_rounded_vowel" title="Close front rounded vowel">y</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Close back unrounded vowel">ɯ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close back rounded vowel">u</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Mid_vowel" title="Mid vowel">Mid</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Mid front unrounded vowel">e</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Mid_front_rounded_vowel" title="Mid front rounded vowel">ø</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Mid back rounded vowel">o</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Open_vowel" title="Open vowel">Open</a> </th> <td>(<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open front unrounded vowel">a</a></span>) </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Open back unrounded vowel">ɑ</a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/a/</span> appears only in borrowings from Persian or when followed by a front vowel later in the word (regressive assimilation), e.g. <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ajdøʃ/</span> 'sloping' instead of <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">*/ɑjdøʃ/</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In most dialects, its status as a vowel distinct from <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɑ/</span> is questionable.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Vowel Harmony (Peace Corps Method) </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Left Shift (<) </th> <th>Right Shift (>) </th> <th>Shift Direction </th></tr> <tr> <td>а </td> <td>ы </td> <td>Straight Across Left-Right Shift </td></tr> <tr> <td>о </td> <td>у </td> <td>("y" Left-shifts up-diagonally to "a") </td></tr> <tr> <td>е (э) </td> <td>и </td> <td>Straight Across Left-Right Shift </td></tr> <tr> <td>ө </td> <td>ү </td> <td>Straight Across Left-Right Shift </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The United States <a href="/wiki/Peace_Corps" title="Peace Corps">Peace Corps</a> trains its volunteers using a "Left-Right Shift" method when carrying out language training in Kyrgyzstan. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <caption>Kyrgyz consonant phonemes<sup id="cite_ref-kara11_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kara11-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2"> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Labial_consonant" title="Labial consonant">Labial</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Dental_consonant" title="Dental consonant">Dental</a>/<br /><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_consonant" title="Alveolar consonant">alveolar</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Postalveolar_consonant" title="Postalveolar consonant">Post-<br />alveolar</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Dorsal_consonant" title="Dorsal consonant">Dorsal</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Nasal_consonant" title="Nasal consonant">Nasal</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_nasal" title="Voiced bilabial nasal">m</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar nasal">n</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_nasal" title="Voiced velar nasal">ŋ</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Plosive" title="Plosive">Plosive</a> </th> <th><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Voicelessness" title="Voicelessness">voiceless</a></span> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiceless bilabial plosive">p</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_dental_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless dental plosive">t</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_plosive" title="Voiceless velar plosive">k</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Voice_(phonetics)" title="Voice (phonetics)">voiced</a></span> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiced bilabial plosive">b</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced dental plosive">d</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_plosive" title="Voiced velar plosive">ɡ</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Affricate" title="Affricate">Affricate</a> </th> <th><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Voicelessness" title="Voicelessness">voiceless</a></span> </th> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_dental_affricate" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless dental affricate">t͡s</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-borrowings_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-borrowings-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiceless postalveolar affricate">t͡ʃ</a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Voice_(phonetics)" title="Voice (phonetics)">voiced</a></span> </th> <td></td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiced postalveolar affricate">d͡ʒ</a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Fricative" title="Fricative">Fricative</a> </th> <th><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Voicelessness" title="Voicelessness">voiceless</a></span> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiceless labiodental fricative">f</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-borrowings_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-borrowings-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_dental_sibilant_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless dental sibilant fricative">s</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless postalveolar fricative">ʃ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_fricative" title="Voiceless velar fricative">x</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-borrowings_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-borrowings-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Voice_(phonetics)" title="Voice (phonetics)">voiced</a></span> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiced labiodental fricative">v</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-borrowings_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-borrowings-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_sibilant_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced dental sibilant fricative">z</a></span> </td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Approximant" title="Approximant">Approximant</a> </th> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar lateral approximant">l</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Trill_consonant" title="Trill consonant">Trill</a> </th> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_trill" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar trill">r</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-borrowings-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-borrowings_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-borrowings_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-borrowings_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-borrowings_15-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/f,<span class="wrap"> </span>v,<span class="wrap"> </span>t͡s,<span class="wrap"> </span>x/</span> occur only in foreign borrowings from Russian, Arabic and English.<sup id="cite_ref-kara11_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kara11-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lexicon">Lexicon</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kyrgyz_language&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Lexicon"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kyrgyz has spent centuries in contact with numerous other languages, and as such has borrowed extensively from them. These languages include: Uzbek, <a href="/wiki/Oirat_language" title="Oirat language">Oirat</a>, Mongolian, <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Orthography">Orthography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kyrgyz_language&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Orthography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_alphabets" title="Kyrgyz alphabets">Kyrgyz alphabets</a></div> <p>Historically the Old Turkic Script was the first script used to write Kyrgyz.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Kyrgyz in <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a> use a <a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">Cyrillic alphabet</a>, which uses all the Russian letters plus <a href="/wiki/%D2%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="Ң">ң</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D3%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="Ө">ө</a> and <a href="/wiki/%D2%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="Ү">ү</a>. Though in the <a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a> region of China, an <a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arabic alphabet</a> is used. Between 1928 and 1940, a <a href="/wiki/Common_Turkic_Alphabet#In_the_USSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Common Turkic Alphabet">Latin alphabet</a> was used for many minority languages in the USSR, including Kyrgyz. There have been attempts after 1990 to introduce other Latin alphabets which are closer to the <a href="/wiki/Turkish_alphabet" title="Turkish alphabet">Turkish alphabet</a>, e.g. the <a href="/wiki/Common_Turkic_Alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Common Turkic Alphabet">Common Turkic Alphabet</a>. There are political shades to the Cyrillic-Latin debate. In April 2023, Russia suspended dairy exports to Kyrgyzstan after a proposal by the chairman of Kyrgyzstan's National Commission for the State Language and Language Policies, Kanybek Osmonaliev, to change the alphabet from Cyrillic to Latin to bring the country in line with other Turkic nations. Osmonaliev was reprimanded by President <a href="/wiki/Sadyr_Japarov" title="Sadyr Japarov">Sadyr Japarov</a>, who later clarified that Kyrgyzstan had no plans to replace the Cyrillic alphabet.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption>Comparison of Kyrgyz alphabets<sup id="cite_ref-:0_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Cyrillic </th> <th>Braille </th> <th>Arabic </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Ya%C3%B1alif" title="Yañalif">Latin</a> <p>(1928–⁠1938) </p> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%90" class="mw-redirect" title="А">А</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%90" class="mw-redirect" title="А">а</a> </td> <td>⠁ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="ا">ا</a> </td> <td>A a </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%91" class="mw-redirect" title="Б">Б</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%91" class="mw-redirect" title="Б">б</a> </td> <td>⠃ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D8%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="ب">ب</a> </td> <td>B ʙ </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%92" class="mw-redirect" title="В">В</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%92" class="mw-redirect" title="В">в</a> </td> <td>⠺ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%DB%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="ۋ">ۋ</a> </td> <td>V v </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%93" class="mw-redirect" title="Г">Г</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%93" class="mw-redirect" title="Г">г</a> </td> <td>⠛ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%DA%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="گ">گ</a> <p><a href="/wiki/%D8%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="ع">ع</a>* </p> </td> <td>G g, <a href="/wiki/%C6%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="Ƣ">Ƣ</a> <a href="/wiki/%C6%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="Ƣ">ƣ</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%94" class="mw-redirect" title="Д">Д</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%94" class="mw-redirect" title="Д">д</a> </td> <td>⠙ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D8%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="د">د</a> </td> <td>D d </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%95" class="mw-redirect" title="Е">Е</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%95" class="mw-redirect" title="Е">е</a> </td> <td>⠑ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%DB%95" class="mw-redirect" title="ە">ە</a> </td> <td>E e </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Ё">Ё</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Ё">ё</a> </td> <td>⠡ </td> <td>ي+و(يو) </td> <td>Jo jo </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%96" class="mw-redirect" title="Ж">Ж</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%96" class="mw-redirect" title="Ж">ж</a> </td> <td>⠚ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="ج">ج</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C3%87" title="Ç">Cc</a> (<a href="/wiki/%C6%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="Ƶ">Ƶ</a> <a href="/wiki/%C6%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="Ƶ">ƶ</a> from 1938) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%97" class="mw-redirect" title="З">З</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%97" class="mw-redirect" title="З">з</a> </td> <td>⠵ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D8%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="ز">ز</a> </td> <td>Z z </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%98" class="mw-redirect" title="И">И</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%98" class="mw-redirect" title="И">и</a> </td> <td>⠊ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D8%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="ئ">ئ</a> </td> <td>I i </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%99" class="mw-redirect" title="Й">Й</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%99" class="mw-redirect" title="Й">й</a> </td> <td>⠯ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="ي">ي</a> </td> <td>J j </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="К">К</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="К">к</a> </td> <td>⠅ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%83" class="mw-redirect" title="ك">ك</a> <p><a href="/wiki/%D9%82" class="mw-redirect" title="ق">ق</a>* </p> </td> <td>K k, Q q </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="Л">Л</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="Л">л</a> </td> <td>⠇ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%84" class="mw-redirect" title="ل">ل</a> </td> <td>L l </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="М">М</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="М">м</a> </td> <td>⠍ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%85" class="mw-redirect" title="م">م</a> </td> <td>M m </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="Н">Н</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="Н">н</a> </td> <td>⠝ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%86" class="mw-redirect" title="ن">ن</a> </td> <td>N n </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D2%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="Ң">Ң</a> <a href="/wiki/%D2%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="Ң">ң</a> </td> <td>⠽ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%DA%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="ڭ">ڭ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EA%9E%90" class="mw-redirect" title="Ꞑ">Ꞑ</a> <a href="/wiki/%EA%9E%90" class="mw-redirect" title="Ꞑ">ꞑ</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="О">О</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="О">о</a> </td> <td>⠕ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%88" class="mw-redirect" title="و">و</a> </td> <td>O o </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D3%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="Ө">Ө</a> <a href="/wiki/%D3%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="Ө">ө</a> </td> <td>⠌ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%DB%85" class="mw-redirect" title="ۅ">ۅ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C6%9F" title="Ɵ">Ɵ</a> <a href="/wiki/%C6%9F" title="Ɵ">ɵ</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="П">П</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="П">п</a> </td> <td>⠏ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="پ">پ</a> </td> <td>P p </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="Р">Р</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="Р">р</a> </td> <td>⠗ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D8%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="ر">ر</a> </td> <td>R r </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="С">С</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="С">с</a> </td> <td>⠎ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D8%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="س">س</a> </td> <td>S s </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="Т">Т</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="Т">т</a> </td> <td>⠞ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D8%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="ت">ت</a> </td> <td>T t </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="У">У</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="У">у</a> </td> <td>⠥ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%DB%87" class="mw-redirect" title="ۇ">ۇ</a> </td> <td>U u </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D2%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="Ү">Ү</a> <a href="/wiki/%D2%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="Ү">ү</a> </td> <td>⠧ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%DB%89" class="mw-redirect" title="ۉ">ۉ</a> </td> <td>Y y </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="Ф">Ф</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="Ф">ф</a> </td> <td>⠋ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%81" class="mw-redirect" title="ف">ف</a> </td> <td>F f </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="Х">Х</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="Х">х</a> </td> <td>⠓ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D8%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="ح">ح</a> </td> <td>H h </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="Ц">Ц</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="Ц">ц</a> </td> <td>⠉ </td> <td>(ت+س (تس </td> <td>Ts ts </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="Ч">Ч</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="Ч">ч</a> </td> <td>⠟ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%DA%86" class="mw-redirect" title="چ">چ</a> </td> <td>Ç ç </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="Ш">Ш</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="Ш">ш</a> </td> <td>⠱ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D8%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="ش">ش</a> </td> <td>Ş ş </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Щ">Щ</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Щ">щ</a> </td> <td>⠭ </td> <td>- </td> <td>ŞÇ şç </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="Ъ">Ъ</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="Ъ">ъ</a> </td> <td>⠷ </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ы">Ы</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ы">ы</a> </td> <td>⠮ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D9%89" class="mw-redirect" title="ى">ى</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/I_with_bowl" title="I with bowl">Ь</a> <a href="/wiki/I_with_bowl" title="I with bowl">ь</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="Ь">Ь</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="Ь">ь</a> </td> <td>⠾ </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="Э">Э</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="Э">э</a> </td> <td>⠪ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%DB%95" class="mw-redirect" title="ە">ە</a> </td> <td>E e </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="Ю">Ю</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="Ю">ю</a> </td> <td>⠳ </td> <td>ي+ۇ(يۇ) </td> <td>Ju ju </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Morphology_and_syntax">Morphology and syntax</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kyrgyz_language&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Morphology and syntax"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> Kyrgyz follows a <a href="/wiki/Subject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb_word_order" title="Subject–object–verb word order">subject-object-verb</a> word order, Kyrgyz also has no <a href="/wiki/Grammatical_gender" title="Grammatical gender">grammatical gender</a> with gender being implied through context. Kyrgyz lacks several <a href="/wiki/Analytic_language" title="Analytic language">analytic</a> grammatical features that english has, these include: <a href="/wiki/Auxiliary_verb" title="Auxiliary verb">auxiliary verbs</a> (ex: to have), <a href="/wiki/Definite_article" class="mw-redirect" title="Definite article">definite articles</a> (ex: the), <a href="/wiki/Indefinite_articles" class="mw-redirect" title="Indefinite articles">indefinite articles</a> (ex: a/an), and <a href="/wiki/Modal_verb" title="Modal verb">modal verbs</a> (ex: should; will), <a href="/wiki/Dependent_clause" title="Dependent clause">dependent clauses</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Grammatical_conjugation" title="Grammatical conjugation">subordinating conjugations</a> (ex: that; before; while). Kyrgyz instead replaces these with various <a href="/wiki/Synthetic_language" title="Synthetic language">synthetic</a> grammatical substutes.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style></p><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Kyrgyz_language" title="Special:EditPage/Kyrgyz language">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2008</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Case">Case</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kyrgyz_language&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Case"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nouns in Kyrgyz take a number of <a href="/wiki/Declension" title="Declension">case</a> endings that change based on vowel harmony and the sort of <a href="/wiki/Consonant" title="Consonant">consonant</a> they follow (see <a href="#Phonology">the section on phonology</a>). </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Case </th> <th>Underlying form </th> <th>Possible forms </th> <th>"<i>boat</i>"</th> <th>"<i>air</i>"</th> <th>"<i>bucket</i>"</th> <th>"<i>hand</i>"</th> <th>"<i>head</i>"</th> <th>"<i>salt</i>"</th> <th>"<i>eye</i>" </th></tr> <tr> <th>Nominative </th> <td colspan="2" align="center">— </td> <td>кеме</td> <td>аба</td> <td>челек</td> <td>кол</td> <td>баш</td> <td>туз</td> <td>көз </td></tr> <tr> <th>Genitive </th> <td>-NIn </td> <td>-нын, -нин, -дын, -дин, -тын, -тин, -нун, -нүн, -дун, -дүн, -тун, -түн </td> <td>кеме<b>нин</b></td> <td>аба<b>нын</b></td> <td>челек<b>тин</b></td> <td>кол<b>дун</b></td> <td>баш<b>тын</b></td> <td>туз<b>дун</b></td> <td>көз<b>дүн</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Dative </th> <td>-GA </td> <td>-га, -ка, -ге, -ке, -го, -ко, -гө, -кө </td> <td>кеме<b>ге</b></td> <td>аба<b>га</b></td> <td>челек<b>ке</b></td> <td>кол<b>го</b></td> <td>баш<b>ка</b></td> <td>туз<b>га</b></td> <td>көз<b>гө</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Accusative </th> <td>-NI </td> <td>-ны, -ни, -ды, -ди, -ты, -ти, -ну, -нү, -ду, -дү, -ту, -тү </td> <td>кеме<b>ни</b></td> <td>аба<b>ны</b></td> <td>челек<b>ти</b></td> <td>кол<b>ду</b></td> <td>баш<b>ты</b></td> <td>туз<b>ду</b></td> <td>көз<b>дү</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Locative </th> <td>-DA </td> <td>-да, -де, -та, -те, -до, -дө, -то, -тө </td> <td>кеме<b>де</b></td> <td>аба<b>да</b></td> <td>челек<b>те</b></td> <td>кол<b>до</b></td> <td>баш<b>та</b></td> <td>туз<b>да</b></td> <td>көз<b>дө</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Ablative </th> <td>-DAn </td> <td>-дан, -ден, -тан, -тен, -дон, -дөн, -тон, -төн </td> <td>кеме<b>ден</b></td> <td>аба<b>дан</b></td> <td>челек<b>тен</b></td> <td>кол<b>дон</b></td> <td>баш<b>тан</b></td> <td>туз<b>дан</b></td> <td>көз<b>дөн</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Normally the decision between the <a href="/wiki/Velar_consonant" title="Velar consonant">velar</a> (<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɡ<span class="wrap"> </span>~<span class="wrap"> </span>ɣ]</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[k]</span>) and <a href="/wiki/Uvular_consonant" title="Uvular consonant">uvular</a> (<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɢ<span class="wrap"> </span>~<span class="wrap"> </span>ʁ]</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[χ<span class="wrap"> </span>~<span class="wrap"> </span>q]</span>) pronunciation of <span class="nowrap">⟨г⟩</span> and <span class="nowrap">⟨к⟩</span> is based on the backness of the following vowel—i.e. <a href="/wiki/Back_vowel" title="Back vowel">back vowels</a> imply a uvular rendering and <a href="/wiki/Front_vowel" title="Front vowel">front vowels</a> imply a velar rendering—and the vowel in suffixes is decided based on the preceding vowel in the word. However, with the dative suffix in Kyrgyz, the vowel is decided normally, but the decision between velars and uvulars can be decided based on a contacting consonant, for example банк /bank/ 'bank' + GA yields банкка <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/bankka/</span>, not <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/bankqa/</span> as predicted by the following vowel. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pronouns">Pronouns</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kyrgyz_language&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Pronouns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kyrgyz has eight personal pronouns: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Personal pronouns </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2"> </th> <th>singular </th> <th>plural </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">1st person </th> <td>Мен (Men) </td> <td>Биз (Biz) </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">2nd person </th> <th><span style="font-size:85%;">informal</span> </th> <td>Сен (Sen)</td> <td>Силер (Siler) </td></tr> <tr> <th><span style="font-size:85%;">formal</span> </th> <td>Сиз (Siz)</td> <td>Сиздер (Sizder) </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">3rd person </th> <td>Ал (Al)</td> <td>Алар (Alar) </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The declension of the pronouns is outlined in the following chart. Singular pronouns (with the exception of сиз, which used to be plural) exhibit irregularities, while plural pronouns don't. Irregular forms are highlighted in bold. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Declension of pronouns </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="3"> </th> <th colspan="4">Singular </th> <th colspan="4">Plural </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">1st </th> <th colspan="2">2nd </th> <th rowspan="2">3rd </th> <th rowspan="2">1st </th> <th colspan="2">2nd </th> <th rowspan="2">3rd </th></tr> <tr> <th><span style="font-size:85%;">informal</span></th> <th><span style="font-size:85%;">formal</span> </th> <th><span style="font-size:85%;">informal</span></th> <th><span style="font-size:85%;">formal</span> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Nom </th> <td>мен</td> <td>сен</td> <td>сиз</td> <td>ал</td> <td>биз</td> <td>силер</td> <td>сиздер</td> <td>алар </td></tr> <tr> <th>Acc </th> <td><b>мени</b></td> <td><b>сени</b></td> <td>сизди</td> <td><b>аны</b></td> <td>бизди</td> <td>силерди</td> <td>сиздерди</td> <td>аларды </td></tr> <tr> <th>Gen </th> <td><b>менин</b></td> <td><b>сенин</b></td> <td>сиздин</td> <td><b>анын</b></td> <td>биздин</td> <td>силердин</td> <td>сиздердин</td> <td>алардын </td></tr> <tr> <th>Dat </th> <td><b>мага</b></td> <td><b>сага</b></td> <td>сизге</td> <td><b>ага</b></td> <td>бизге</td> <td>силерге</td> <td>сиздерге</td> <td>аларга </td></tr> <tr> <th>Loc </th> <td>менде</td> <td>сенде</td> <td>сизде</td> <td>анда</td> <td>бизде</td> <td>силерде</td> <td>сиздерде</td> <td>аларда </td></tr> <tr> <th>Abl </th> <td>менден</td> <td>сенден</td> <td>сизден</td> <td>андан</td> <td>бизден</td> <td>силерден</td> <td>сиздерден</td> <td>алардан </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In addition to the pronouns, there are several more sets of morphemes dealing with person. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Morphemes indicating person </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2"></th> <th>pronouns</th> <th>copulas</th> <th>present tense</th> <th>possessive endings</th> <th>past/conditional</th> <th>imperative </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">1st sg </th> <td>мен</td> <td>-mIn</td> <td>-mIn</td> <td>-(I)m</td> <td>-(I)m</td> <td>-AyIN </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">2nd sg </th> <th><span style="font-size:85%;">informal</span> </th> <td>сен</td> <td>-sIŋ</td> <td>-sIŋ</td> <td>-(I)ŋ</td> <td>-(I)ŋ</td> <td>—, -GIn </td></tr> <tr> <th><span style="font-size:85%;">formal</span> </th> <td>сиз</td> <td>-sIz</td> <td>-sIz</td> <td>-(I)ŋIz</td> <td>-(I)ŋIz</td> <td>-GIlA </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">3rd sg </th> <td>ал</td> <td>—</td> <td>-t</td> <td>-(s)I(n)</td> <td>—</td> <td>-sIn </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">1st pl </th> <td>биз</td> <td>-BIz</td> <td>-BIz</td> <td>-(I)bIz</td> <td>-(I)K</td> <td>-AyIK </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">2nd pl </th> <th><span style="font-size:85%;">informal</span> </th> <td>силер</td> <td>-sIŋAr</td> <td>-sIŋAr</td> <td>-(I)ŋAr</td> <td>-(I)ŋAr</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><span style="font-size:85%;">formal</span> </th> <td>сиздер</td> <td>-sIzdAr</td> <td>-sIzdAr</td> <td>-(I)ŋIzdAr</td> <td>-(I)nIzdAr</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">3rd pl </th> <td>алар</td> <td>—</td> <td>-(I)şAt</td> <td>-(s)I(n)</td> <td>—</td> <td>-sIn, -IşsIn </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Verbs">Verbs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kyrgyz_language&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Verbs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Verbs are conjugated by analyzing the root verb: 1) determine whether the end letter is a vowel or consonant 2) add appropriate suffix while following vowel-harmony/shift rules. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Simple present tense conjugations (Peace Corps) </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2"> </th> <th>Per. Pronoun </th> <th>Vowel </th> <th>Consonant </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">1st sg </th> <td>Мен </td> <td>-м </td> <td>-м </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">2nd pl </th> <th><span style="font-size:85%;">informal</span> </th> <td>Сен </td> <td>-йс<ң </td> <td>-йс<ң </td></tr> <tr> <th><span style="font-size:85%;">formal</span> </th> <td>Сиз </td> <td>-йс<з </td> <td>-йс<з </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">3rd sg </th> <td>Ал </td> <td>-йт </td> <td>-йт </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">1st pl </th> <td>Биз </td> <td>-йб>з </td> <td>-<б>з </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">2nd pl </th> <th><span style="font-size:85%;">informal</span> </th> <td>Силер </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><span style="font-size:85%;">formal</span> </th> <td>Сиздер </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">3rd pl </th> <td>Алар </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Subordinate_clauses">Subordinate clauses</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kyrgyz_language&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Subordinate clauses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>To form <a href="/wiki/Complement_clause" class="mw-redirect" title="Complement clause">complement clauses</a>, Kyrgyz nominalises verb phrases. For example, "I don't know what I saw" would be: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1209690778">.mw-parser-output .interlinear .bold{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .interlinear .smallcaps{text-transform:uppercase;font-size:smaller}</style><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:3em"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;">Мен</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Men</p><p style="margin: 0px;">I</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;">эмнени</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">emneni</p><p style="margin: 0px;">what-<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="accusative case" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">ACC</abbr>.<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="definite" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">DEF</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;">көргөнүмдү</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">körgönümdü</p><p style="margin: 0px;">see-ing-<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="first person, singular" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">1SG</abbr>-<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="accusative case" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">ACC</abbr>.<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="definite" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">DEF</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;">билбейм</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">bilbeym</p><p style="margin: 0px;">know-<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="negation/negative" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">NEG</abbr>-<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="first person, singular" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">1SG</abbr></p></div><p style="display: none;">Мен эмнени көргөнүмдү билбейм</p><p style="display: none;">Men emneni körgönümdü bilbeym</p><p style="display: none;">I what-ACC.DEF see-ing-1SG-ACC.DEF know-NEG-1SG</p><p style="clear: left;">roughly "I don't know my having seen what," where the verb phrase "I saw what" is treated as a nominal object of the verb "to know."</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <p>The sentence above is also an excellent example of Kyrgyz vowel harmony; notice that all the vowel sounds are front vowels. </p><p>Several nominalisation strategies are used depending on the temporal properties of the relativised verb phrase: -GAn(dIK) for general past tense, -AAr for future/potential unrealised events, and -A turgan(dɯq) for non-perfective events are the most common. The copula has an irregular relativised form экен(дик) which may be used equivalently to forms of the verb бол- <i>be</i> (болгон(дук), болор). Relativised verb forms may, and often do, take nominal possessive endings as well as case endings. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sample_text">Sample text</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kyrgyz_language&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Sample text"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Cyrillic script<sup id="cite_ref-:0_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dt> <dd>[Бардык адамдар өз беделинде жана укуктарында эркин жана тең укуктуу болуп жаралат. Алардын аң-сезими менен абийири бар жана бири-бирине бир туугандык мамиле кылууга тийиш. ] <span style="color:#d33">Error: {{Lang}}: invalid parameter: |script= (<a href="/wiki/Category:Lang_and_lang-xx_template_errors" title="Category:Lang and lang-xx template errors">help</a>)</span></dd> <dt>Perso-Arabic script<sup id="cite_ref-:0_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dt> <dd><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;" dir="rtl"><span title="Kyrgyz-language text"><span lang="ky-Arab" dir="rtl">باردىق ادامدار ۅز بەدەلينده جانا وُقوُقتارىندا ەرکین جانا تەڭ ۇقۇقتۇۇ بولۇپ جارالات. الاردىن اڭ-سەزیمی مەنەن ابئییری بار جانا بئرى-بئرینه بئر توُوُعاندىق مامئلە قىلوُوُعا تئییش.</span></span></span></dd> <dt>Latin script<sup id="cite_ref-:0_22-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/BGN/PCGN_romanization" title="BGN/PCGN romanization">BGN/PCGN</a>)</dt> <dd><span title="Kyrgyz-language text"><i lang="ky-Latn">Bardyk adamdar öz bedelinde cana ukuktarynda erkin cana teng ukuktuu bolup caralat. Alardyn ang-sezimi menen abijiri bar cana biri-birine bir tuugandyk mamile kyluuga tijiş.</i></span></dd> <dt>English translation<sup id="cite_ref-:0_22-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dt> <dd>All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kyrgyz_language&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BGN/PCGN_romanization_of_Kyrgyz" title="BGN/PCGN romanization of Kyrgyz">BGN/PCGN romanization of Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_people" title="Kyrgyz people">Kyrgyz people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Kyrgyz" title="Romanization of Kyrgyz">Romanization of Kyrgyz</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kyrgyz_language&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-roman"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><div><ul><li><span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">English: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ɪər/: 'ear' in 'near'">ɪər</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'z' in 'zoom'">z</span></span>,<span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ər/: 'er' in 'letter'">ər</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span><span title="'z' in 'zoom'">z</span></span>/</a></span></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyrillic">Cyrillic</a>: <span title="Kyrgyz-language text"><span lang="ky">Кыргыз тили / Кыргызча</span></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin</a>: <span title="Kyrgyz-language text"><i lang="ky-Latn">Kyrgyz tili / Kyrgyzcha</i></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arabic</a>: <span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">قىرعىز تئلى / قىرعىزچا</span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ky-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Kyrgyz" title="Help:IPA/Kyrgyz">[qɯrˈʁɯz<span class="wrap"> </span>tɪˈlɪ]</a></span></li></ul></div></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kyrgyz_language&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-e26-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-e26_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/language/kir">Kyrgyz</a> at <i><a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a></i> (26th ed., 2023) <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Paywall" title="closed access publication – behind paywall"><img alt="Closed access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/9px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/14px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/18px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Кызласов И. Л., <i>Рунические письменности евразийских степей</i> (Kyzlasov I.L. <i>Runic scripts of Eurasian steppes</i>), Восточная литература (Eastern Literature), Moscow, 1994, pp. 80 on, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-5-02-017741-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-5-02-017741-3">978-5-02-017741-3</a>, with further bibliography.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAltynbayev" class="citation web cs1">Altynbayev, Kanat. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://central.asia-news.com/en_GB/articles/cnmi_ca/features/2019/09/24/feature-02">"Kyrgyzstan considers switch to Latin alphabet from Cyrillic"</a>. <i>Caravanserai</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-07-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Caravanserai&rft.atitle=Kyrgyzstan+considers+switch+to+Latin+alphabet+from+Cyrillic&rft.aulast=Altynbayev&rft.aufirst=Kanat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcentral.asia-news.com%2Fen_GB%2Farticles%2Fcnmi_ca%2Ffeatures%2F2019%2F09%2F24%2Ffeature-02&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyrgyz+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/kirg1245">"Glottolog 4.3 - Kirghiz"</a>. <i>glottolog.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-05-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=glottolog.org&rft.atitle=Glottolog+4.3+-+Kirghiz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglottolog.org%2Fresource%2Flanguoid%2Fid%2Fkirg1245&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyrgyz+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AzG5llo3YCMC&pg=PA110">Tchoroev (Chorotegin) 2003</a>, p. 110.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LbmP_1KIQ_8C&pg=PA113">Pozzi & Janhunen & Weiers 2006, p. 113.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-StaryPozzi2006-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-StaryPozzi2006_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGiovanni_StaryAlessandra_PozziJuha_Antero_JanhunenMichael_Weiers2006" class="citation book cs1">Giovanni Stary; Alessandra Pozzi; Juha Antero Janhunen; Michael Weiers (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LbmP_1KIQ_8C&pg=PA112"><i>Tumen Jalafun Jecen Aku: Manchu Studies in Honour of Giovanni Stary</i></a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-09-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=factsanddetails.com&rft.atitle=KYRGYZ+IN+CHINA+%7C+Facts+and+Details&rft.aulast=Hays&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffactsanddetails.com%2Fchina%2Fcat5%2F4sub6%2Fentry-4342.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyrgyz+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlimov2024" class="citation journal cs1">Alimov, Rysbek (2024-04-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libmast.utm.my/Record/doaj.art-24cf572b2c1d48c1846fd359a57bdc59">"Western Mongolian (Oirat-Kalmyk) loanwords in Kyrgyz"</a>. <i>Orientalia Suecana</i>. <b>73</b>: 5–27. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.33063%2Fos.v73.501">10.33063/os.v73.501</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2001-7324">2001-7324</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Orientalia+Suecana&rft.atitle=Western+Mongolian+%28Oirat-Kalmyk%29+loanwords+in+Kyrgyz&rft.volume=73&rft.pages=5-27&rft.date=2024-04-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.33063%2Fos.v73.501&rft.issn=2001-7324&rft.aulast=Alimov&rft.aufirst=Rysbek&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flibmast.utm.my%2FRecord%2Fdoaj.art-24cf572b2c1d48c1846fd359a57bdc59&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyrgyz+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAcar2024" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Acar, Ömer (2024-08-29). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://turkishstudies.net/turkishstudies?mod=makale_ing_ozet&makale_id=18551">"Kırgız Türkçesi İle Türkiye Türkçesindeki Ortak Arapça Kelimelerin Ses Değişimleri"</a>. <i>Journal of Turkish Studies</i> (in Turkish). <b>10</b> (8): 273–298. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7827%2FTurkishStudies.8219">10.7827/TurkishStudies.8219</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Turkish+Studies&rft.atitle=K%C4%B1rg%C4%B1z+T%C3%BCrk%C3%A7esi+%C4%B0le+T%C3%BCrkiye+T%C3%BCrk%C3%A7esindeki+Ortak+Arap%C3%A7a+Kelimelerin+Ses+De%C4%9Fi%C5%9Fimleri&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=273-298&rft.date=2024-08-29&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.7827%2FTurkishStudies.8219&rft.aulast=Acar&rft.aufirst=%C3%96mer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fturkishstudies.net%2Fturkishstudies%3Fmod%3Dmakale_ing_ozet%26makale_id%3D18551&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyrgyz+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dissertationtopic.net/doc/1508512">"Russian Loanwords in Kyrgyz - PhD thesis - Dissertation"</a>. <i>www.dissertationtopic.net</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-09-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.dissertationtopic.net&rft.atitle=Russian+Loanwords+in+Kyrgyz+-+PhD+thesis+-+Dissertation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dissertationtopic.net%2Fdoc%2F1508512&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyrgyz+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJumabaevaAbylkasymove1996" class="citation book cs1">Jumabaeva, Guliam; Abylkasymove, Miriam (June 1996). <i>Kyrgyz Language Manual</i> (in English and kgz). Bishkek: Peace Corps, Bishkek (Kyrgyzstan). pp. 13–18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kyrgyz+Language+Manual&rft.place=Bishkek&rft.pages=13-18&rft.pub=Peace+Corps%2C+Bishkek+%28Kyrgyzstan%29&rft.date=1996-06&rft.aulast=Jumabaeva&rft.aufirst=Guliam&rft.au=Abylkasymove%2C+Miriam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyrgyz+language" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unrecognized_language" title="Category:CS1 maint: unrecognized language">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rferl.org/a/russia-kyrgyzstan-dairy-products-banned-cyrillic-latin/32373802.html">Russia Suspends Dairy Products From Kyrgyzstan After Calls In Bishkek To Drop Cyrillic Script</a>. <a href="/wiki/Radio_Free_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio Free Europe">Radio Free Europe</a>, 21 April 2023. Retrieved 22 June 2023</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_22-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_22-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://omniglot.com/writing/kirghiz.htm">"Kyrgyz language and alphabets"</a>. <i>omniglot.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-09-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=omniglot.com&rft.atitle=Kyrgyz+language+and+alphabets&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fomniglot.com%2Fwriting%2Fkirghiz.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyrgyz+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kyrgyz_language&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKara2003" class="citation cs2">Kara, Dávid Somfai (2003), <i>Kyrgyz</i>, Lincom Europa, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-89586-843-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-89586-843-6"><bdi>978-3-89586-843-6</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kyrgyz&rft.pub=Lincom+Europa&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-3-89586-843-6&rft.aulast=Kara&rft.aufirst=D%C3%A1vid+Somfai&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyrgyz+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Krippes, Karl A. (1998). <i>Kyrgyz: Kyrgyz-English/English-Kyrgyz: Glossary of Terms</i>. Hippocrene Books, New York. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7818-0641-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7818-0641-1">978-0-7818-0641-1</a>.</li> <li>Library of Congress, Country Studies, Kyrgyzstan.</li> <li>Comrie, Bernard. 1983. <i>The languages of the Soviet Union</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.</li> <li>Beckwith, Christopher I. 1987/1993. "The Tibetan Empire in Central Asia." Princeton: Princeton University Press.</li> <li>Tchoroev, Tyntchtykbek. 2003. The Kyrgyz.; in: The History of Civilisations of Central Asia, Vol. 5, Development in contrast: from the sixteenth to the mid-nineteenth century /Editors: Ch. Adle and Irfan Habib. Co-editor: Karl M. Baipakov. – UNESCO Publishing. Multiple History Series. Paris. – Chapter 4, p. 109–125. (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-92-3-103876-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-92-3-103876-1">978-92-3-103876-1</a>).</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWashington2006b" class="citation cs2">Washington, Jonathan North (2006b), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070113052100/http://jnw.name/papers/2006wi-kgvowels.pdf"><i>Root Vowels and Affix Vowels: Height Effects in Kyrgyz Vowel Harmony</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jnw.name/papers/2006wi-kgvowels.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2007-01-13<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-04-12</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Root+Vowels+and+Affix+Vowels%3A+Height+Effects+in+Kyrgyz+Vowel+Harmony&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Washington&rft.aufirst=Jonathan+North&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjnw.name%2Fpapers%2F2006wi-kgvowels.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyrgyz+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWashington2007" class="citation cs2">Washington, Jonathan North (2007), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160113003703/http://jnw.name/papers/2007su-kyrgyz_handout.pdf"><i>Phonetic and Phonological Problems in Kyrgyz: A Fulbrighter's plans for gathering data in the field</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jnw.name/papers/2007su-kyrgyz_handout.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2016-01-13<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-06-29</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Phonetic+and+Phonological+Problems+in+Kyrgyz%3A+A+Fulbrighter%27s+plans+for+gathering+data+in+the+field&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Washington&rft.aufirst=Jonathan+North&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjnw.name%2Fpapers%2F2007su-kyrgyz_handout.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyrgyz+language" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kyrgyz_language&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/40px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/60px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/80px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="94" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><i><b><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="ky:"> Kyrgyz edition</a></b></i> of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a>, the free encyclopedia</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a phrasebook for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Kyrgyz_phrasebook#Q9255" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Kyrgyz phrasebook">Kyrgyz</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Kyrgyz_language" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Kyrgyz language">Kyrgyz language</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://konyvtar.uni-pannon.hu/doktori/2023/Askarbek_Mambetaliev_dissertation.pdf">Language Policies, Attitudes, and Beliefs in Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://el-sozduk.kg/">El-Sozduk – English-Kyrgyz online dictionary, phrasebook, Android app</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/27246121/Vitality_of_the_Kyrgyz_Language_in_Bishkek">Ferdinand, S. & Komlósi, F. 2016. Vitality of the Kyrgyz Language in Bishkek</a>. IJORS, 5/2, pp. 210–226.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110605042652/http://www.lmp.ucla.edu/Profile.aspx?LangID=62&menu=004">Kyrgyz language</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070113052100/http://jnw.name/papers/2006wi-kgvowels.pdf">Root Vowels and Affix Vowels: Height Effects in Kyrgyz Vowel Harmony</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in Japanese)</span> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041122163308/http://www.jica.go.jp/branch/hiro/jigyo/pdf/study_kyr.pdf">事前学習補助教材Кыргыз тили （キルギス語）</a>" (Kyrgyz exercises; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20041122163308/http://www.jica.go.jp/branch/hiro/jigyo/pdf/study_kyr.pdf">Archive</a>) - <a href="/wiki/Japan_International_Cooperation_Agency" title="Japan International Cooperation Agency">Japan International Cooperation Agency</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101130161232/http://sras.org/english_kyrgyz_phrasebook">The Talking Kyrgyz Phrasebook</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080512160321/http://kyrgyz.lugovsa.net/index.htm">Кыргыз тили</a> – Kyrgyz language resources (in Russian)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://translit.kerben.org/">Кербен Translit</a> – Easy Kyrgyz-Cyrillic–Latin converter</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.transliteration.kpr.eu/ky/">Kyrgyz Cyrillic–Arabic–Latin converter</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120215014904/http://akipress.org/dic/">Kyrgyz–Russian–English Dictionary</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://literatura.kg/articles/?aid=620/">Kyrgyz Latin Alphabet</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120223055303/http://www.gaspirali.net/ky/sozluk/">Kyrgyz-Turkish Dictionary</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pauctle.com/kgtr/">Kyrgyz<>Turkish dictionary</a> (Pamukkale University)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091211052725/http://inostran.org/idiom.php?l=kyr">Russian-Kyrgyz Kyrgyz-Russian Dictionary</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wiki.apertium.org/wiki/Kyrgyz">Kyrgyz – Apertium</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Minority languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dungan_language" title="Dungan language">Dungan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koryo-mar" title="Koryo-mar">Koryo-mar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sart_Kalmyk_language" title="Sart Kalmyk language">Sart Kalmyk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajik_language" title="Tajik language">Tajik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_language" title="Uyghur language">Uyghur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbek_language" title="Uzbek language">Uzbek</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sign languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Sign_Language" title="Russian Sign Language">Russian Sign Language</a></li></ul> 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typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Afghanistan" title="Portal:Afghanistan">Afghanistan portal</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balochi_language" title="Balochi language">Balochi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuristani_languages" title="Nuristani languages">Nuristani</a> (language family)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashayi_languages" title="Pashayi languages">Pashayi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajik_language" title="Tajik language">Tajiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmen_language" title="Turkmen language">Turkmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbek_language" title="Uzbek language">Uzbek</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Minority languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Askunu_language" title="Askunu language">Ashkun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahui_language" title="Brahui language">Brahui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kat%C3%AB_language" title="Katë language">Katë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khowar_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Khowar language">Khowar</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moghol_language" title="Moghol language">Moghol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamir_languages" title="Pamir languages">Pamiri</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Ishkashimi_language" title="Ishkashimi language">Ishkashimi</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Munji_language" title="Munji language">Munji</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Shughni_language" title="Shughni language">Shughni</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Yidgha_language" title="Yidgha language">Yidgha</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wasi-wari" title="Wasi-wari">Prasun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tregami_language" title="Tregami language">Tregami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalasha-ala" title="Kalasha-ala">Waigali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakhi_language" title="Wakhi language">Wakhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zemiaki_language" title="Zemiaki language">Zemiaki</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sign languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Sign_Language" title="Afghan Sign Language">Afghan Sign Language</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Languages_of_Pakistan" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Languages_of_Pakistan" title="Template:Languages of Pakistan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Languages_of_Pakistan" title="Template talk:Languages of Pakistan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Languages_of_Pakistan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Languages of Pakistan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Languages_of_Pakistan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Pakistan" title="Languages of Pakistan">Languages of Pakistan</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Official languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a> (<a href="/wiki/National_language" title="National language">national</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_English" title="Pakistani English">English</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other languages<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(by <a href="/wiki/Administrative_units_of_Pakistan" title="Administrative units of Pakistan">administrative unit</a>)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Azad_Kashmir" title="Azad Kashmir">Azad Kashmir</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dogri_language" title="Dogri language">Dogri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujari_language" title="Gujari language">Gujari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmiri_language" title="Kashmiri language">Kashmiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kundal_Shahi_language" title="Kundal Shahi language">Kundal Shahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahari-Pothwari" title="Pahari-Pothwari">Pahari-Pothwari</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Balochistan,_Pakistan" title="Balochistan, Pakistan">Balochistan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balochi_language" title="Balochi language">Balochi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahui_language" title="Brahui language">Brahui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehwari_language" title="Dehwari language">Dehwari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazaragi_dialect" title="Hazaragi dialect">Hazaragi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jadgali_language" title="Jadgali language">Jadgali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khetrani_language" title="Khetrani language">Khetrani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashto" title="Pashto">Pashto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanetsi" title="Wanetsi">Wanetsi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gilgit-Baltistan" title="Gilgit-Baltistan">Gilgit-Baltistan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balti_language" title="Balti language">Balti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burushaski" title="Burushaski">Burushaski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawoodi_language" title="Dawoodi language">Dawoodi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khowar_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Khowar language">Khowar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purgi_language" title="Purgi language">Purgi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shina_language" title="Shina language">Shina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakhi_language" title="Wakhi language">Wakhi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Khyber Pakhtunkhwa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burushaski" title="Burushaski">Burushaski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badeshi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Badeshi language">Badeshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bateri_language" title="Bateri language">Bateri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilisso_language" title="Chilisso language">Chilisso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dameli_language" title="Dameli language">Dameli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gawar-Bati_language" title="Gawar-Bati language">Gawar-Bati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gowro_language" title="Gowro language">Gowro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindko" title="Hindko">Hindko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indus_Kohistani" title="Indus Kohistani">Indus Kohistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalami_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalami language">Kalami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalasha-mun" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalasha-mun">Kalasha-mun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalkoti_language" title="Kalkoti language">Kalkoti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamviri_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Kamviri dialect">Kamviri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khowar_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Khowar language">Khowar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kohistani_Shina" title="Kohistani Shina">Kohistani Shina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mankiyali_language" title="Mankiyali language">Mankiyali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munji_language" title="Munji language">Munji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ormuri" title="Ormuri">Ormuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palula_language" title="Palula language">Palula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashto" title="Pashto">Pashto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sawi_language_(Dardic)" title="Sawi language (Dardic)">Sawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shekhani_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Shekhani dialect">Shekhani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torwali_language" title="Torwali language">Torwali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ushoji_language" title="Ushoji language">Ushoji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waziristani_dialect" title="Waziristani dialect">Wazir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yidgha_language" title="Yidgha language">Yidgha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Punjab,_Pakistan" title="Punjab, Pakistan">Punjab</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bagri_language" title="Bagri language">Bagri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogri_language" title="Dogri language">Dogri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindko" title="Hindko">Hindko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabutra_language" title="Kabutra language">Kabutra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marwari_language" title="Marwari language">Marwari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mewari_language" title="Mewari language">Mewari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahari-Pothwari" title="Pahari-Pothwari">Pothwari Punjabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Punjabi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_dialects_and_languages" title="Punjabi dialects and languages">dialects</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saraiki_language" title="Saraiki language">Saraiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajasthani_languages" title="Rajasthani languages">Rajasthani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rangri_dialect_(Haryanvi)" title="Rangri dialect (Haryanvi)">Rangri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sindh" title="Sindh">Sindh</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aer_language" title="Aer language">Aer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagri_language" title="Bagri language">Bagri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhaya_language" title="Bhaya language">Bhaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhatki_language" title="Dhatki language">Dhatki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goaria_language" title="Goaria language">Goaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_language" title="Gujarati language">Gujarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jandavra_language" title="Jandavra language">Jandavra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jogi_language" title="Jogi language">Jogi</a></li> <li>Koli <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kachi_Koli_language" title="Kachi Koli language">Kachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parkari_Koli_language" title="Parkari Koli language">Parkari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadiyara_Koli_language" title="Wadiyara Koli language">Wadiyara</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kutchi_language" title="Kutchi language">Kutchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loarki_language" title="Loarki language">Loarki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marwari_language" title="Marwari language">Marwari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memoni_language" title="Memoni language">Memoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mewari_language" title="Mewari language">Mewari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Od_language" title="Od language">Od</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajasthani_languages" title="Rajasthani languages">Rajasthani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rangri_dialect_(Haryanvi)" title="Rangri dialect (Haryanvi)">Rangri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhi_language" title="Sindhi language">Sindhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaghri_language" title="Vaghri language">Vaghri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Aryan_languages" title="Indo-Aryan languages">Indo-Aryan languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dardic_languages" title="Dardic languages">Dardic languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_languages" title="Iranian languages">Iranic languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_Sign_Language" title="Indo-Pakistani Sign Language">Pakistani Sign Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_language_in_the_Indian_subcontinent" title="Persian language in the Indian subcontinent">Persian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindi_in_Pakistan" title="Hindi in Pakistan">Pakistani Hindi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chagatai_language" title="Chagatai language">Chagatai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Languages_of_China" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Languages_of_China" title="Template:Languages of China"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Languages_of_China" title="Template talk:Languages of China"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Languages_of_China" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Languages of China"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Languages_of_China" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_China" title="Languages of China">Languages of China</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Official</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Chinese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_regions_of_China" title="Autonomous regions of China">ARs</a> / <a href="/wiki/Special_administrative_regions_of_China" title="Special administrative regions of China">SARs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Cantonese</a><sup><b><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Cantonese" title="Hong Kong Cantonese">HK</a>/MC</b></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_English" title="Hong Kong English">English</a><sup><b>HK</b></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_language_in_Inner_Mongolia" title="Mongolian language in Inner Mongolia">Mongolian</a><sup><b>NM</b></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macanese_Portuguese" title="Macanese Portuguese">Portuguese</a><sup><b>MC</b></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Tibetan" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard Tibetan">Tibetan</a><sup><b>XZ</b></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_language" title="Uyghur language">Uyghur</a><sup><b>XJ</b></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Zhuang" title="Standard Zhuang">Zhuang</a><sup><b>GX</b></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_prefectures_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous prefectures of China">Prefecture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hmong_language" title="Hmong language">Hmong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kam_language" title="Kam language">Kam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouyei_language" title="Bouyei language">Bouyei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tujia_language" title="Tujia language">Tujia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_language_in_China" title="Korean language in China">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiangic_languages" title="Qiangic languages">Qiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yi_people#Language" title="Yi people">Yi</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_language" title="Kazakh language">Kazakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Nuea_language" title="Tai Nuea language">Tai Nüa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Lue_language" title="Tai Lue language">Tai Lü</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaiwa_language" title="Zaiwa language">Zaiwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisu_language" title="Lisu language">Lisu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bai_language" title="Bai language">Bai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hani_language" title="Hani language">Hani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Zhuang" title="Standard Zhuang">Zhuang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_counties_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous counties of China">Counties</a>/<a href="/wiki/Banners_of_Inner_Mongolia#Autonomous_banner" title="Banners of Inner Mongolia">Banners</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">numerous</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indigenous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Sino-Tibetan_languages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sino-Tibetan_languages" title="Sino-Tibetan languages">Sino-Tibetan languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lolo-Burmese_languages" title="Lolo-Burmese languages">Lolo-<br />Burmese</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mondzish_languages" title="Mondzish languages">Mondzish</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kathu_language" title="Kathu language">Kathu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maang_language" title="Maang language">Maang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manga_language_(China)" title="Manga language (China)">Manga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mango_language_(China)" title="Mango language (China)">Mango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maza_language" title="Maza language">Maza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mantsi_language" title="Mantsi language">Mondzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muangphe_language" title="Muangphe language">Muangphe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Burmish_languages" title="Burmish languages">Burmish</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achang_language" title="Achang language">Achang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiandao_dialect" title="Xiandao dialect">Xiandao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pela_language" title="Pela language">Pela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lashi_language" title="Lashi language">Lashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chashan_language" title="Chashan language">Chashan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lhao_Vo_language" title="Lhao Vo language">Lhao Vo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaiwa_language" title="Zaiwa language">Zaiwa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Loloish_languages" title="Loloish languages">Loloish</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Loloish_languages" title="Southern Loloish languages">Hanoish</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akeu_language" title="Akeu language">Akeu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akha_language" title="Akha language">Akha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amu_language" title="Amu language">Amu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angluo_language" title="Angluo language">Angluo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asuo_language" title="Asuo language">Asuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baihong_language" title="Baihong language">Baihong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bisu_language" title="Bisu language">Bisu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budu_language_(China)" title="Budu language (China)">Budu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukong_language" title="Bukong language">Bukong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosao_language" title="Cosao language">Cosao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duoni_language" title="Duoni language">Duoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duota_language" title="Duota language">Duota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enu_language" title="Enu language">Enu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habei_language" title="Habei language">Habei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hani_language" title="Hani language">Hani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honi_language" title="Honi language">Honi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jino_language" title="Jino language">Jino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khabi_language" title="Khabi language">Kabie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaduo_language" title="Kaduo language">Kaduo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lami_language" title="Lami language">Lami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laomian_language" title="Laomian language">Laomian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laopin_language" title="Laopin language">Laopin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mpi_language" title="Mpi language">Mpi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muda_language" title="Muda language">Muda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuobi_language" title="Nuobi language">Nuobi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuomei_language" title="Nuomei language">Nuomei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phana%CA%BC_language" title="Phanaʼ language">Phana’</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piyo_language" title="Piyo language">Piyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qidi_language" title="Qidi language">Qidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadu_language" title="Sadu language">Sadu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangkong_language" title="Sangkong language">Sangkong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suobi_language" title="Suobi language">Suobi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsukong_language" title="Tsukong language">Tsukong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woni_language" title="Woni language">Woni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiche_language" title="Yiche language">Yiche</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lisoish_languages" title="Lisoish languages">Lisoish</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eka_language" title="Eka language">Eka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hlersu_language" title="Hlersu language">Hlersu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kua-nsi_language" title="Kua-nsi language">Kua-nsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuamasi_language" title="Kuamasi language">Kuamasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laizisi_language" title="Laizisi language">Laizisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lalo_language" title="Lalo language">Lalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamu_language" title="Lamu language">Lamu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavu_language" title="Lavu language">Lavu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawu_language" title="Lawu language">Lawu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limi_language" title="Limi language">Limi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lipo_language" title="Lipo language">Lipo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisu_language" title="Lisu language">Lisu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lolopo_language" title="Lolopo language">Lolopo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangdi_language" title="Mangdi language">Mangdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micha_language" title="Micha language">Micha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mili_language" title="Mili language">Mili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonaga_language" title="Sonaga language">Sonaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tholo_language" title="Tholo language">Toloza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuzhang_language" title="Xuzhang language">Xuzhang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangliu_language" title="Yangliu language">Yangliu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zibusi_language" title="Zibusi language">Zibusi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nisoish_languages" title="Nisoish languages">Nisoish</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alingpo_language" title="Alingpo language">Alingpo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phupha_language" title="Phupha language">Alugu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aluo_language" title="Aluo language">Aluo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axi_language" title="Axi language">Axi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azha_language" title="Azha language">Azha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azhe_language" title="Azhe language">Azhe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muji_language" title="Muji language">Bokha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gepo_language" title="Gepo language">Gepo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khlula_language" title="Khlula language">Khlula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lope_language" title="Lope language">Lope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moji_language" title="Moji language">Moji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muji_language" title="Muji language">Muji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muzi_language" title="Muzi language">Muzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasu_language" title="Nasu language">Nasu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nisu_language" title="Nisu language">Nisu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuosu_language" title="Nuosu language">Nuosu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phola_language" title="Phola language">Phala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phola_language" title="Phola language">Phola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phowa_language" title="Phowa language">Phowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muji_language" title="Muji language">Phukha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phuma_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Phuma language">Phuma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phupha_language" title="Phupha language">Phupa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phupha_language" title="Phupha language">Phupha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phupha_language" title="Phupha language">Phuza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samei_language" title="Samei language">Samei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sani_language" title="Sani language">Sani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thopho_language" title="Thopho language">Thopho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zokhuo_language" title="Zokhuo language">Zokhuo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gokhy_language" title="Gokhy language">Gokhy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katso_language" title="Katso language">Katso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kucong_language" title="Kucong language">Kucong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahu_language" title="Lahu language">Lahu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naruo_language" title="Naruo language">Naruo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namuyi_language" title="Namuyi language">Namuyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naxi_language" title="Naxi language">Naxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nusu_language" title="Nusu language">Nusu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samu_language" title="Samu language">Samu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanie_language" title="Sanie language">Sanie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zauzou_language" title="Zauzou language">Zauzou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Qiangic_languages" title="Qiangic languages">Qiangic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baima_language" title="Baima language">Baima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choyo_language" title="Choyo language">Choyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ersu_language" title="Ersu language">Ersu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guiqiong_language" title="Guiqiong language">Guiqiong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horpa_language" title="Horpa language">Horpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japhug_language" title="Japhug language">Japhug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khroskyabs_language" title="Khroskyabs language">Khroskyabs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laze_language" title="Laze language">Laze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lizu_language" title="Lizu language">Lizu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Na_language" title="Na language">Na</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muya_language" title="Muya language">Muya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namuyi_language" title="Namuyi language">Namuyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naxi_language" title="Naxi language">Naxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pumi_language" title="Pumi language">Pumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Qiang_language" title="Northern Qiang language">Northern Qiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Qiang_language" title="Southern Qiang language">Southern Qiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shixing_language" title="Shixing language">Shixing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Situ_language" title="Situ language">Situ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tshobdun_language" title="Tshobdun language">Tshobdun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zbu_language" title="Zbu language">Zbu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhaba_language" title="Zhaba language">Zhaba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tibetic_languages" title="Tibetic languages">Tibetic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amdo_Tibetan" title="Amdo Tibetan">Amdo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baima_language" title="Baima language">Baima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basum_language" title="Basum language">Basum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Tibetan" title="Central Tibetan">Central Tibetan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choni_language" title="Choni language">Choni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dao_language_(China)" title="Dao language (China)">Dao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongwang_Tibetan_language" title="Dongwang Tibetan language">Dongwang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drugchu_language" title="Drugchu language">Drugchu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groma_language" title="Groma language">Groma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gserpa_language" title="Gserpa language">Gserpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalong_Tibetan_language" title="Khalong Tibetan language">Khalong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khams_Tibetan" title="Khams Tibetan">Khams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyirong_language" title="Kyirong language">Kyirong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladakhi_language" title="Ladakhi language">Ladakhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tseku_language" title="Tseku language">Tseku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongu_Tibetan_language" title="Zhongu Tibetan language">Zhongu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zitsadegu_language" title="Zitsadegu language">Zitsadegu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bai_language" title="Bai language">Bai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caijia_language" title="Caijia language">Caijia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derung_language" title="Derung language">Derung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingpo_language" title="Jingpo language">Jingpo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longjia_language" title="Longjia language">Longjia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nung_language_(Sino-Tibetan)" title="Nung language (Sino-Tibetan)">Nung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tujia_language" title="Tujia language">Tujia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waxiang_Chinese" title="Waxiang Chinese">Waxianghua</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Other_languages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other languages</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Austroasiatic_languages" title="Austroasiatic languages">Austroasiatic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bit_language" title="Bit language">Bit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blang_language" title="Blang language">Blang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolyu_language" title="Bolyu language">Bolyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bugan_language" title="Bugan language">Bugan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bumang_language" title="Bumang language">Bumang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hu_language" title="Hu language">Hu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuan_language" title="Kuan language">Kuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%E1%BA%A3ng_language" title="Mảng language">Mang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man_Met_language" title="Man Met language">Man Met</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muak_language" title="Muak language">Muak Sa-aak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palaung_language" title="Palaung language">Palaung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riang_language" title="Riang language">Riang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U_language" title="U language">U</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Va_language" title="Va language">Va</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wa_language" title="Wa language">Wa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hmong-Mien_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Hmong-Mien languages">Hmong-Mien</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hmongic_languages" title="Hmongic languages">Hmongic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A-Hmao_language" title="A-Hmao language">A-Hmao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bu-Nao_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Bu-Nao languages">Bu-Nao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gejia_language" title="Gejia language">Gejia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guiyang_Miao_language" title="Guiyang Miao language">Guiyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hm_Nai_language" title="Hm Nai language">Hm Nai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hmong_language" title="Hmong language">Hmong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hmu_language" title="Hmu language">Hmu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huishui_Miao_language" title="Huishui Miao language">Huishui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiong_Nai_language" title="Kiong Nai language">Kiong Nai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luobohe_Miao_language" title="Luobohe Miao language">Luobohe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mashan_Miao_language" title="Mashan Miao language">Mashan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pa-Hng_language" title="Pa-Hng language">Pa-Hng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pa_Na_language" title="Pa Na language">Pa Na</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingtang_Miao_language" title="Pingtang Miao language">Pingtang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xong_language" title="Xong language">Qo Xiong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raojia_language" title="Raojia language">Raojia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/She_language" title="She language">She</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gha-Mu_language" title="Gha-Mu language">Small Flowery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xixiu_Miao_language" title="Xixiu Miao language">Xixiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Younuo_language" title="Younuo language">Younuo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mienic_languages" title="Mienic languages">Mienic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biao_Min_language" title="Biao Min language">Biao Min</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dzao_Min_language" title="Dzao Min language">Dzao Min</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iu_Mien_language" title="Iu Mien language">Iu Mien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_Mun_language" title="Kim Mun language">Kim Mun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mongolic_languages" title="Mongolic languages">Mongolic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bonan_language" title="Bonan language">Bonan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buryat_language" title="Buryat language">Buryat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dagur_language" title="Dagur language">Daur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Yugur_language" title="Eastern Yugur language">Eastern Yugur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangjia_language" title="Kangjia language">Kangjia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khamnigan_Mongol" title="Khamnigan Mongol">Khamnigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monguor_language" title="Monguor language">Monguor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oirat_language" title="Oirat language">Oirat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordos_Mongolian" title="Ordos Mongolian">Ordos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_language" title="Santa language">Santa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torgut_Oirat" title="Torgut Oirat">Torgut</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kra-Dai_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Kra-Dai languages">Kra-Dai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Zhuang_languages" title="Zhuang languages">Zhuang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bouyei_language" title="Bouyei language">Bouyei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dai_Zhuang_language" title="Dai Zhuang language">Dai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Min_Zhuang_language" title="Min Zhuang language">Min</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuang_languages" title="Zhuang languages">Ningming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nong_Zhuang_language" title="Nong Zhuang language">Nong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Dam_language" title="Tai Dam language">Tai Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_D%C3%B3n_language" title="Tai Dón language">Tai Dón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Ya_language" title="Tai Ya language">Tai Hongjin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Lue_language" title="Tai Lue language">Tai Lü</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Nuea_language" title="Tai Nuea language">Tai Nüa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Ya_language" title="Tai Ya language">Tai Ya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_Zhuang_language" title="Yang Zhuang language">Yang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yei_Zhuang_language" title="Yei Zhuang language">Yei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ai-Cham_language" title="Ai-Cham language">Ai-Cham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biao_language" title="Biao language">Biao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buyang_language" title="Buyang language">Buyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cao_Miao_language" title="Cao Miao language">Cao Miao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chadong_language" title="Chadong language">Chadong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cun_language" title="Cun language">Cun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelao_languages" title="Gelao languages">Gelao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hlai_languages" title="Hlai languages">Hlai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiamao_language" title="Jiamao language">Jiamao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kam_language" title="Kam language">Kam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakkia_language" title="Lakkia language">Lakkja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mak_language" title="Mak language">Mak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maonan_language" title="Maonan language">Maonan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulam_language" title="Mulam language">Mulam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuoxi_language" title="Nuoxi language">Naxi Yao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Be_languages" title="Be languages">Ong Be</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paha_language" title="Paha language">Paha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qabiao_language" title="Qabiao language">Qabiao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sui_language" title="Sui language">Sui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Then_language" title="Then language">Then</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tungusic_languages" title="Tungusic languages">Tungusic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evenki_language" title="Evenki language">Evenki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchu_language" title="Manchu language">Manchu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanai_language" title="Nanai language">Nanai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oroqen_language" title="Oroqen language">Oroqen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xibe_language" title="Xibe language">Xibe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Turkic_languages" title="Turkic languages">Turkic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%84ynu_language" title="Äynu language">Äynu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuyu_Kyrgyz_language" title="Fuyu Kyrgyz language">Fuyu Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ili_Turki_language" title="Ili Turki language">Ili Turki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lop_dialect" title="Lop dialect">Lop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salar_language" title="Salar language">Salar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Yugur_language" title="Western Yugur language">Western Yugur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sarikoli_language" title="Sarikoli language">Sarikoli</a> <small>(Indo-European)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsat_language" title="Tsat language">Tsat</a> <small>(Austronesian)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Formosan_languages" title="Formosan languages">Formosan languages</a> <small>(Austronesian)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Minority</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_language" title="Kazakh language">Kazakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esperanto_in_China" title="Esperanto in China">Esperanto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatar_language" title="Tatar language">Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvan_language" title="Tuvan language">Tuvan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbek_language" title="Uzbek language">Uzbek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language" title="Vietnamese language">Vietnamese</a> (Kinh)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakhi_language" title="Wakhi language">Wakhi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Varieties_of_Chinese" title="Varieties of Chinese">Varieties of<br />Chinese</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mandarin_Chinese" title="Mandarin Chinese">Mandarin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_Mandarin" title="Northeastern Mandarin">Northeastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beijing_Mandarin_(division_of_Mandarin)" title="Beijing Mandarin (division of Mandarin)">Beijing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jilu_Mandarin" title="Jilu Mandarin">Ji-Lu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaoliao_Mandarin" title="Jiaoliao Mandarin">Jiao-Liao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Plains_Mandarin" title="Central Plains Mandarin">Zhongyuan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lanyin_Mandarin" title="Lanyin Mandarin">Lan-Yin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jin_Chinese" title="Jin Chinese">Jin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_Mandarin" title="Southwestern Mandarin">Southwestern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sichuanese_dialects" title="Sichuanese dialects">Sichuanese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Yangtze_Mandarin" title="Lower Yangtze Mandarin">Southeastern</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gan_Chinese" title="Gan Chinese">Gan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakka_Chinese" title="Hakka Chinese">Hakka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huizhou_Chinese" title="Huizhou Chinese">Hui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Min_Chinese" title="Min Chinese">Min</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Min" title="Southern Min">Southern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hokkien" title="Hokkien">Hokkien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teochew_Min" title="Teochew Min">Teoswa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hainanese" title="Hainanese">Hainanese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Min" title="Eastern Min">Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pu%E2%80%93Xian_Min" title="Pu–Xian Min">Puxian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Min" title="Central Min">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Min" title="Northern Min">Northern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shao%E2%80%93Jiang_Min" title="Shao–Jiang Min">Shaojiang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wu_Chinese" title="Wu Chinese">Wu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taihu_Wu" title="Taihu Wu">Northern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenzhounese" title="Wenzhounese">Auish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiang_Chinese" title="Xiang Chinese">Xiang</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Xiang" title="New Xiang">New</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Xiang" title="Old Xiang">Old</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yue_Chinese" title="Yue Chinese">Yue</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Cantonese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinghua" title="Pinghua">Ping</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Creole/Mixed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/E_language" title="E language">E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hezhou_language" title="Hezhou language">Hezhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linglinghua" title="Linglinghua">Lingling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macanese_Patois" title="Macanese Patois">Macanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maojia_dialect" title="Maojia dialect">Maojia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qoqmon%C4%8Daq_language" title="Qoqmončaq language">Qoqmončaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanqiao_language" title="Sanqiao language">Sanqiao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangwang_language" title="Tangwang language">Tangwang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wutun_language" title="Wutun language">Wutun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Extinct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ba%E2%80%93Shu_Chinese" title="Ba–Shu Chinese">Ba–Shu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jie_language" title="Jie language">Jie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khitan_language" title="Khitan language">Khitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Yue_language" title="Old Yue language">Old Yue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rouran_language" title="Rouran language">Rouran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saka_language" title="Saka language">Saka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangut_language" title="Tangut language">Tangut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tocharian_languages" title="Tocharian languages">Tocharian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuoba_language" title="Tuoba language">Tuoba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuyuhun_language" title="Tuyuhun language">Tuyuhun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xianbei#Language" title="Xianbei">Xianbei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang-Zhung_language" title="Zhang-Zhung language">Zhangzhung</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sign</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Sign_Language" title="Chinese Sign Language">Chinese Sign</a> <ul><li>Northern (Beijing) Sign</li> <li>Southern (Shanghai) Sign <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Sign_Language" title="Hong Kong Sign Language">Hong Kong Sign</a><b><sup>HK/MC</sup></b></span></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Sign_Language" title="Tibetan Sign Language">Tibetan Sign</a><b><sup>XZ</sup></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold;"><div> <ul><li>GX = Guangxi</li> <li>HK = Hong Kong</li> <li>MC = Macau</li> <li>NM = Inner Mongolia</li> <li>XJ = Xinjiang</li> <li>XZ = Tibet</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Turkic_languages" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Turkic_languages" title="Template:Turkic languages"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Turkic_languages" title="Template talk:Turkic languages"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Turkic_languages" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Turkic languages"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Turkic_languages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Turkic_languages" title="Turkic languages">Turkic languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Proto-language" title="Proto-language">Proto-language</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Turkic_language" title="Proto-Turkic language"><i>Proto-Turkic</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Common_Turkic_languages" title="Common Turkic languages">Common Turkic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Argu_languages" title="Argu languages">Argu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argu_languages" title="Argu languages"><i>Argu</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalaj_language" title="Khalaj language">Khalaj</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Karluk_languages" title="Karluk languages">Karluk</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uzbek_language" title="Uzbek language">Northern Uzbek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Uzbek_language" title="Southern Uzbek language">Southern Uzbek</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ili_Turki_language" title="Ili Turki language">Ili Turki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_language" title="Uyghur language">Uyghur</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khoton_language" title="Khoton language">Khoton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lop_dialect" title="Lop dialect">Lop</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%84ynu_language" title="Äynu language">Äynu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>Old</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chagatai_language" title="Chagatai language"><i>Chagatai</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karakhanid_language" title="Karakhanid language"><i>Karakhanid</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khorezmian_Turkic" title="Khorezmian Turkic"><i>Khorezmian</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kipchak_languages" title="Kipchak languages">Kipchak</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bulgar</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bashkir_language" title="Bashkir language">Bashkir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatar_language" title="Tatar language">Tatar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mishar_Tatar_dialect" title="Mishar Tatar dialect">Mishar Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagaibak_dialect" title="Nagaibak dialect">Nagaibak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Tatar" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Tatar"><i>Old Tatar</i></a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cuman</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armeno-Kipchak_language" title="Armeno-Kipchak language"><i>Armeno-Kipchak</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Tatar_language" title="Crimean Tatar language">Crimean Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuman_language" title="Cuman language"><i>Cuman</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karachay-Balkar" title="Karachay-Balkar">Karachay-Balkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karaim_language" title="Karaim language">Karaim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krymchak_language" title="Krymchak language">Krymchak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumyk_language" title="Kumyk language">Kumyk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamluk-Kipchak_language" title="Mamluk-Kipchak language"><i>Mamluk-Kipchak</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urum_language" title="Urum language">Urum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kyrgyz</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fergana_Kipchak_language" title="Fergana Kipchak language"><i>Fergana Kipchak</i></a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siberian_Tatar_language" title="Siberian Tatar language">Siberian Tatar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baraba_dialect" title="Baraba dialect">Baraba</a></li> <li>Tom</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Altai_language" title="Southern Altai language">Southern Altai</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Telengit_language" title="Telengit language">Telengit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teleut_language" title="Teleut language">Teleut</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nogai</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dobrujan_Tatar_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Dobrujan Tatar dialect">Dobrujan Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karakalpak_language" title="Karakalpak language">Karakalpak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_language" title="Kazakh language">Kazakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nogai_language" title="Nogai language">Nogai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siberian_Tatar_language" title="Siberian Tatar language">Siberian Tatar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tobol-Irtysh_dialect" title="Tobol-Irtysh dialect">Tobol-Irtysh</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oghuz_languages" title="Oghuz languages">Oghuz</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salar_language" title="Salar language">Salar</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khorasani_Turkic" title="Khorasani Turkic">Khorasani Turkic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmen_language" title="Turkmen language">Turkmen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trukhmen_dialect" title="Trukhmen dialect">Trukhmen</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afshar_dialect" title="Afshar dialect">Afshari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaharmahali_Turkic" title="Chaharmahali Turkic">Chaharmahali Turkic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qashqai_language" title="Qashqai language">Qashqai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonqori_dialect" title="Sonqori dialect">Sonqori</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_language" title="Azerbaijani language">Azerbaijani</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_language#North_Azerbaijani" title="Azerbaijani language">North Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_language#South_Azerbaijani" title="Azerbaijani language">South Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajem-Turkic" title="Ajem-Turkic"><i>Ajem-Turkic</i></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balkan_Gagauz_language" title="Balkan Gagauz language">Balkan Gagauz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gagauz_language" title="Gagauz language">Gagauz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karapapakhs#Language" title="Karapapakhs"><i>Karapapakh</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karamanli_Turkish" title="Karamanli Turkish"><i>Karamanli Turkish</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Anatolian_Turkish" title="Old Anatolian Turkish"><i>Old Anatolian Turkish</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Turkish" title="Ottoman Turkish"><i>Ottoman Turkish</i></a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Siberian_Turkic_languages" title="Siberian Turkic languages">Siberian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dolgan_language" title="Dolgan language">Dolgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakut_language" title="Yakut language">Yakut</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chulym_language" title="Chulym language">Chulym</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sayan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Steppe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tuvan_language" title="Tuvan language">Tuvan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Taiga</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dukhan_language" title="Dukhan language">Dukhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyot_language" title="Soyot language">Soyot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tofa_language" title="Tofa language">Tofa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Yenisei</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fuyu_Kyrgyz_language" title="Fuyu Kyrgyz language">Fuyu Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khakas_language" title="Khakas language">Khakas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Altai_language" title="Northern Altai language">Northern Altai</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chelkan_language" title="Chelkan language">Chelkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumandin_language" title="Kumandin language">Kumandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tubalar_language" title="Tubalar language">Tuba</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shor_language" title="Shor language">Shor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Yugur_language" title="Western Yugur language">Western Yugur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Old_Turkic" title="Old Turkic">Old</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Uyghur" title="Old Uyghur"><i>Old Uyghur</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orkhon_Turkic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Orkhon Turkic language"><i>Orkhon Turkic</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oghur_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Oghur languages">Oghur</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bulgar_language" title="Bulgar language"><i>Bulgar</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuvash_language" title="Chuvash language">Chuvash</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Disputed classification</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khazar_language" title="Khazar language"><i>Khazar</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pecheneg_language" title="Pecheneg language"><i>Pecheneg</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Potentially Turkic languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Di_(Five_Barbarians)" title="Di (Five Barbarians)"><i>Di</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunnic_language" title="Hunnic language"><i>Hunnic</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jie_language" title="Jie language"><i>Jie</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pannonian_Avars#Language" title="Pannonian Avars"><i>Pannonian Avar</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuoba_language" title="Tuoba language"><i>Tuoba</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wusun#Language" title="Wusun"><i>Wusun</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiongnu_language" title="Xiongnu language"><i>Xiongnu</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Creole_language" title="Creole language">Creoles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pidgin" title="Pidgin">pidgins</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hezhou_language" title="Hezhou language">Hezhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurbet_language" title="Kurbet language">Kurbet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qoqmon%C4%8Daq_language" title="Qoqmončaq language">Qoqmončaq</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><i>Italics</i> indicate <a href="/wiki/Language_death" title="Language death">extinct languages</a></li> <li>Languages between parentheses are <a href="/wiki/Variety_(linguistics)" title="Variety (linguistics)">varieties</a> of the language on their left.</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" 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