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class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p>The <b>Toccata in E-flat minor</b> is a piece for solo piano written in 1932 by <a href="/wiki/Aram_Khachaturian" title="Aram Khachaturian">Aram Khachaturian</a>. It is a favorite of piano students, and has been recorded many times. </p><p>Khachaturian wrote this work as the first movement of a three-movement <a href="/wiki/Suite_(music)" title="Suite (music)">suite</a> for piano: </p> <ul><li>Toccata</li> <li>Waltz-Capriccio</li> <li>Dance.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul> <p>He wrote the suite in 1932 while studying at the <a href="/wiki/Moscow_Conservatory" title="Moscow Conservatory">Moscow Conservatory</a> under <a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Myaskovsky" title="Nikolai Myaskovsky">Nikolai Myaskovsky</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CA_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CA-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the Toccata became so well known so quickly that it is now considered a separate piece; the suite from which it came is little known. The first performance was given by then-classmate <a href="/wiki/Lev_Oborin" title="Lev Oborin">Lev Oborin</a>, who also recorded it. </p><p>The Toccata utilises some Armenian folk melodies and rhythms, as well as baroque and contemporary 20th Century techniques.<sup id="cite_ref-can_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-can-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It begins <i>Allegro marcatissimo</i>. A central section <i>Andante espressivo</i> leads to a reprise of the opening motifs.<sup id="cite_ref-CA_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CA-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The coda is based on the central section's theme.<sup id="cite_ref-can_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-can-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It lasts around 5 minutes. </p><p>Those who have recorded the Toccata include <a href="/wiki/Benno_Moiseiwitsch" title="Benno Moiseiwitsch">Benno Moiseiwitsch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shura_Cherkassky" title="Shura Cherkassky">Shura Cherkassky</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eahan_Arzruni" title="Şahan Arzruni">Şahan Arzruni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Felicja_Blumental" title="Felicja Blumental">Felicja Blumental</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mindru_Katz" title="Mindru Katz">Mindru Katz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ruth_Laredo" title="Ruth Laredo">Ruth Laredo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roland_P%C3%B6ntinen" title="Roland Pöntinen">Roland Pöntinen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Murray_McLachlan_(musician)" title="Murray McLachlan (musician)">Murray McLachlan</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toccata_(Khachaturian)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-CA-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CA_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CA_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.classicalarchives.com/work/603886.html#tvf=tracks&tv=about">Classical Archives</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-can-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-can_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-can_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cannedicecreative.com/Dunlap_NCUR.pdf">Candice Dunlap, An Historic Overview of the Toccata as a Form and Compositional Technique</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Aram_Khachaturian" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Aram Khachaturian"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Aram_Khachaturian" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Aram_Khachaturian" title="Aram Khachaturian">Aram Khachaturian</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_compositions_by_Aram_Khachaturian" title="List of compositions by Aram Khachaturian">List of compositions</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ballets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Gayane_(ballet)" title="Gayane (ballet)">Gayane</a></i> (1939–41) <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Sabre_Dance" title="Sabre Dance">Sabre Dance</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spartacus_(ballet)" title="Spartacus (ballet)"><i>Spartacus</i></a> (1950–54)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Orchestral</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._2_(Khachaturian)" title="Symphony No. 2 (Khachaturian)">Symphony No. 2 <i>The Bell Symphony</i></a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._3_(Khachaturian)" title="Symphony No. 3 (Khachaturian)">Symphony No. 3 <i>Symphony-Poem</i></a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthem_of_the_Armenian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Anthem of the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic">State Anthem of the Armenian SSR</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masquerade_(Khachaturian)#Suite" title="Masquerade (Khachaturian)">Suite from <i>Masquerade</i></a> (1944)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concerti</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Piano_Concerto_(Khachaturian)" title="Piano Concerto (Khachaturian)">Piano Concerto in D-flat major</a> (1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violin_Concerto_(Khachaturian)" title="Violin Concerto (Khachaturian)">Violin Concerto in D minor</a> (1940)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cello_Concerto_(Khachaturian)" title="Cello Concerto (Khachaturian)">Cello Concerto in E minor</a> (1946)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Piano</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Toccata</a> (1932)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Incidental music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Masquerade_(Khachaturian)" title="Masquerade (Khachaturian)">Masquerade</a></i> (1941)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Film scores</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Pepo_(film)" title="Pepo (film)">Pepo</a></i> (1934–35)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zangezur_(film)" title="Zangezur (film)">Zangezur</a></i> (1937–38)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Salavat_Yulayev_(film)" title="Salavat Yulayev (film)">Salavat Yulayev</a></i> (1939)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Girl_No._217" title="Girl No. 217">Girl No. 217</a></i> (1945)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Battle_of_Stalingrad_(film)" title="The Battle of Stalingrad (film)">The Battle of Stalingrad</a></i> (1949)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Othello_(1955_film)" title="Othello (1955 film)">Othello</a></i> (1955)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House-Museum_of_Aram_Khachaturian" title="House-Museum of Aram Khachaturian">House-Museum of Aram Khachaturian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Armenia" title="Music of Armenia">Music of Armenia</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shostakovich_v._Twentieth_Century-Fox_Film_Corp." title="Shostakovich v. Twentieth Century-Fox Film Corp.">Shostakovich v. Twentieth Century-Fox Film Corp.</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Compositions_by_Aram_Khachaturian" title="Category:Compositions by Aram Khachaturian">Category</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7811958#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7811958#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7811958#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/177212783">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no97004330">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13922958t">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13922958t">BnF data</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/work/a5c8bd09-6b23-41aa-a4d5-d05f546f89a5">MusicBrainz work</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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