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.hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the current parliament of Germany. For the governing body of the German Confederation from 1815 to 1866, see <a href="/wiki/Bundesversammlung_(German_Confederation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bundesversammlung (German Confederation)">Bundesversammlung (German Confederation)</a>. For other historical parliaments of Germany, see <a href="/wiki/Reichstag_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Reichstag (disambiguation)">Reichstag (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><p>The <b>Bundestag</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">German:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="de-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">[ˈbʊndəstaːk]</a></span> <span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui='{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/8\/88\/De-Bundestag2.ogg\/De-Bundestag2.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"De-Bundestag2.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}'><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/88/De-Bundestag2.ogg/De-Bundestag2.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:De-Bundestag2.ogg" title="File:De-Bundestag2.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span>, "Federal <a href="/wiki/Diet_(assembly)" title="Diet (assembly)">Diet</a>") is the <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">German</a> <a href="/wiki/Federalism_in_Germany" title="Federalism in Germany">federal</a> parliament. It is the only constitutional body of the federation directly elected by the German people. The Bundestag was established by Title III<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of the <a href="/wiki/Basic_Law_for_the_Federal_Republic_of_Germany" title="Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany">Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany</a> (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Grundgesetz</i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="de-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">[ˈɡʁʊntɡəˌzɛt͡s]</a></span> <span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui='{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/f\/f5\/De-Grundgesetz.ogg\/De-Grundgesetz.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"De-Grundgesetz.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}'><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f5/De-Grundgesetz.ogg/De-Grundgesetz.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:De-Grundgesetz.ogg" title="File:De-Grundgesetz.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span>) in 1949 as one of the legislative bodies of Germany, the other being the <a href="/wiki/German_Bundesrat" title="German Bundesrat">Bundesrat</a>. It is thus the historical successor to the earlier <a href="/wiki/Reichstag_(Weimar_Republic)" title="Reichstag (Weimar Republic)">Reichstag</a>. </p><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%; border-top: 2px solid #000000; border-bottom: 2px solid #000000"><div style="display:inline" class="fn org">German Bundestag</div> <br><div style="display:inline" class="nickname"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Deutscher Bundestag</i></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_20th_Bundestag" title="List of members of the 20th Bundestag">20th Bundestag</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Deutscher_Bundestag_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Coat of arms or logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Deutscher_Bundestag_logo.svg/150px-Deutscher_Bundestag_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Deutscher_Bundestag_logo.svg/225px-Deutscher_Bundestag_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Deutscher_Bundestag_logo.svg/300px-Deutscher_Bundestag_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="348"></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 2px solid #000000; border-bottom: 2px solid #000000">History</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Established</th><td class="infobox-data">7 September 1949<span class="noprint">; 75 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1949-09-07</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Historically: <a href="/wiki/Reichstag_(Nazi_Germany)" title="Reichstag (Nazi Germany)">Reichstag</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a>, 1933–1945)</li><li><i>De jure:</i> <a href="/wiki/Reichstag_(Weimar_Republic)" title="Reichstag (Weimar Republic)">Reichstag</a> (<a href="/wiki/Weimar_Republic" title="Weimar Republic">Weimar Republic</a>, 1919–1933)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 2px solid #000000; border-bottom: 2px solid #000000">Leadership</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Bundestag" title="President of the Bundestag">President of the Bundestag</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A4rbel_Bas" title="Bärbel Bas">Bärbel Bas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Social Democratic Party of Germany">SPD</a> <br>since 26 October 2021 </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"><a href="/wiki/Presidium_of_the_Bundestag" title="Presidium of the Bundestag">Vice presidents of the Bundestag</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"><a href="/wiki/Aydan_%C3%96zo%C4%9Fuz" title="Aydan Özoğuz">Aydan Özoğuz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Social Democratic Party of Germany">SPD</a> <br>since 26 October 2021 </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"><a href="/wiki/Yvonne_Magwas" title="Yvonne Magwas">Yvonne Magwas</a>, <a href="/wiki/CDU/CSU" title="CDU/CSU">CDU/CSU</a> <br>since 26 October 2021 </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"><a href="/wiki/Katrin_G%C3%B6ring-Eckardt" title="Katrin Göring-Eckardt">Katrin Göring-Eckardt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alliance_90/The_Greens" title="Alliance 90/The Greens">Alliance 90/The Greens</a> <br>since 9 December 2021 </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"><a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Kubicki" title="Wolfgang Kubicki">Wolfgang Kubicki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Free_Democratic_Party_(Germany)" title="Free Democratic Party (Germany)">FDP</a> <br>since 24 October 2017 </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"><a href="/wiki/Petra_Pau" title="Petra Pau">Petra Pau</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Left_(Germany)" title="The Left (Germany)">The Left</a> <br>since 7 April 2006 </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"><i>Vacant</i>, <a href="/wiki/Alternative_for_Germany" title="Alternative for Germany">AfD</a><sup id="cite_ref-vp_afd_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vp_afd-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"><a href="/wiki/President_by_right_of_age_of_the_Bundestag" title="President by right of age of the Bundestag">President by right of age</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Ramsauer" title="Peter Ramsauer">Peter Ramsauer</a>, <a href="/wiki/CDU/CSU" title="CDU/CSU">CDU/CSU</a> <br>since 26 December 2023 </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"><a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_Germany" title="Chancellor of Germany">Chancellor</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"><a href="/wiki/Olaf_Scholz" title="Olaf Scholz">Olaf Scholz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Social Democratic Party of Germany">SPD</a> <br>since 8 December 2021 </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(Germany)" title="Leader of the Opposition (Germany)">Leader of the Opposition</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Merz" title="Friedrich Merz">Friedrich Merz</a>, <a href="/wiki/CDU/CSU" title="CDU/CSU">CDU/CSU</a> <br>since 15 February 2022 </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 2px solid #000000; border-bottom: 2px solid #000000">Structure</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Seats</th><td class="infobox-data">630<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundestag_(current_composition).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Bundestag_%28current_composition%29.svg/250px-Bundestag_%28current_composition%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Bundestag_%28current_composition%29.svg/375px-Bundestag_%28current_composition%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Bundestag_%28current_composition%29.svg/500px-Bundestag_%28current_composition%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="185"></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Political groups</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Outgoing legislature</i> <b><a href="/wiki/Scholz_cabinet" title="Scholz cabinet">Government</a> (325)</b> <dl><dd><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#E3000F; color:white;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Social Democratic Party of Germany">SPD</a> (207)</dd> <dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#409A3C; color:black;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Alliance_90/The_Greens" title="Alliance 90/The Greens">Greens</a> (117)</dd> <dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#DCDCDC; color:black;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> (<a href="/wiki/Volker_Wissing" title="Volker Wissing">1</a>)</dd></dl> <p><b>Opposition (408)</b> </p> <dl><dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#151518; color:white;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/CDU/CSU" title="CDU/CSU">CDU/CSU</a> (196) <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#151518; color:white;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Union_of_Germany" title="Christian Democratic Union of Germany">CDU</a> (153)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#008AC5; color:black;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Christian_Social_Union_in_Bavaria" title="Christian Social Union in Bavaria">CSU</a> (43)</li></ul></dd> <dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FFED00; color:black;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Free_Democratic_Party_(Germany)" title="Free Democratic Party (Germany)">FDP</a> (90)</dd> <dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#00A2DE; color:black;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Alternative_for_Germany" title="Alternative for Germany">AfD</a> (76)</dd> <dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#BE3075; color:white;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/The_Left_(Germany)" title="The Left (Germany)">The Left</a> (28)</dd> <dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#792351; color:white;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Sahra_Wagenknecht_Alliance" title="Sahra Wagenknecht Alliance">BSW</a> (10)</dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#DCDCDC; color:black;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> Non-attached (8)</span> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#00A2DE; color:black;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Alternative_for_Germany" title="Alternative for Germany">AfD</a> (<a href="/wiki/Matthias_Helferich" title="Matthias Helferich">1</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#E72D71; color:black;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCndnis_Deutschland" title="Bündnis Deutschland">BD</a> (<a href="/wiki/Uwe_Witt" title="Uwe Witt">1</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#0A3C5B; color:white;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Values_Union" title="Values Union">WU</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dirk_Spaniel" title="Dirk Spaniel">1</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#003C8F; color:white;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/South_Schleswig_Voters%27_Association" title="South Schleswig Voters' Association">SSW</a> (<a href="/wiki/Stefan_Seidler" title="Stefan Seidler">1</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#DCDCDC; color:black;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> (4)</li></ul></dd></dl> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:21st_Bundestag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/21st_Bundestag.svg/250px-21st_Bundestag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/21st_Bundestag.svg/375px-21st_Bundestag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/21st_Bundestag.svg/500px-21st_Bundestag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="185"></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Political groups</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Incoming legislature</i><br><b><a href="/wiki/Scholz_cabinet" title="Scholz cabinet">Government (caretaker)</a> (205)</b> <dl><dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#E3000F; color:white;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Social Democratic Party of Germany">SPD</a> (120)</dd> <dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#409A3C; color:black;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Alliance_90/The_Greens" title="Alliance 90/The Greens">Greens</a> (85)</dd></dl> <p><b>Opposition (425)</b> </p> <dl><dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#151518; color:white;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/CDU/CSU" title="CDU/CSU">CDU/CSU</a> (208) <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#151518; color:white;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Union_of_Germany" title="Christian Democratic Union of Germany">CDU</a> (164)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#008AC5; color:black;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Christian_Social_Union_in_Bavaria" title="Christian Social Union in Bavaria">CSU</a> (44)</li></ul></dd> <dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#00A2DE; color:black;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Alternative_for_Germany" title="Alternative for Germany">AfD</a> (152)</dd> <dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#BE3075; color:white;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/The_Left_(Germany)" title="The Left (Germany)">The Left</a> (64)</dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#DCDCDC; color:black;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> Non-attached (1)</span> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#003C8F; color:white;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/South_Schleswig_Voters%27_Association" title="South Schleswig Voters' Association">SSW</a> (<a href="/wiki/Stefan_Seidler" title="Stefan Seidler">1</a>)</li></ul></dd></dl> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 2px solid #000000; border-bottom: 2px solid #000000">Elections</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Electoral_system" title="Electoral system">Voting system</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mixed-member_proportional_representation" title="Mixed-member proportional representation">Mixed-member proportional representation</a> (MMP)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Last election</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/2025_German_federal_election" title="2025 German federal election">23 February 2025</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Next election</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/2029_German_federal_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2029 German federal election">By 2029</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 2px solid #000000; border-bottom: 2px solid #000000">Meeting place</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Deutscher_Bundestag_Plenarsaal_Seitenansicht.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Deutscher_Bundestag_Plenarsaal_Seitenansicht.jpg/220px-Deutscher_Bundestag_Plenarsaal_Seitenansicht.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Deutscher_Bundestag_Plenarsaal_Seitenansicht.jpg/330px-Deutscher_Bundestag_Plenarsaal_Seitenansicht.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Deutscher_Bundestag_Plenarsaal_Seitenansicht.jpg/440px-Deutscher_Bundestag_Plenarsaal_Seitenansicht.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1937" data-file-height="1441"></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data label"><a href="/wiki/Reichstag_building" title="Reichstag building">Reichstag building</a><br><a href="/wiki/Mitte" title="Mitte">Mitte</a>, Berlin, Germany</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 2px solid #000000; border-bottom: 2px solid #000000">Website</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bundestag.de/">bundestag.de</a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 2px solid #000000; border-bottom: 2px solid #000000">Constitution</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Basic_Law_for_the_Federal_Republic_of_Germany" title="Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany">Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 2px solid #000000; border-bottom: 2px solid #000000">Rules</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.btg-bestellservice.de/pdf/80060000.pdf">Rules of Procedure of the German Bundestag and Mediation Committee</a> (English)</td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"> <p>The members of the Bundestag are representatives of the German people as a whole, are not bound by any orders or instructions and are only accountable to their conscience.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of the 20th legislative period, the minimum legal number of members of the Bundestag (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Mitglieder des Bundestages</i>) is 598;<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> however, due to the system of <a href="/wiki/Overhang_seat" title="Overhang seat">overhang</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leveling_seat" title="Leveling seat">leveling seats</a> the current 20th Bundestag has a total of 735 members, making it the largest Bundestag to date and the largest freely elected national parliamentary chamber in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From the <a href="/wiki/2025_German_federal_election" title="2025 German federal election">21st legislative period</a> on, however, due to changes in the electoral law, it will have a fixed number of 630 members. </p><p>The Bundestag is elected every four years by German citizens<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>f<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> aged 18 and older.<sup id="cite_ref-law_eligibility_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-law_eligibility-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>g<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Elections use a <a href="/wiki/Mixed-member_proportional_representation" title="Mixed-member proportional representation">mixed-member proportional representation</a> system which combines <a href="/wiki/First-past-the-post_voting" title="First-past-the-post voting">First-past-the-post voting</a> for constituency-seats with <a href="/wiki/State_list_(Germany)" title="State list (Germany)">proportional representation</a> to ensure its composition mirrors the <a href="/wiki/Popular_vote_(representative_democracy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Popular vote (representative democracy)">national popular vote</a>. The German Bundestag cannot dissolve itself; only the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Germany" title="President of Germany">President of Germany</a> can do so under certain conditions. </p><p>Together with the <a href="/wiki/German_Bundesrat" title="German Bundesrat">Bundesrat</a>, the Bundestag forms the legislative branch of government on federal level. The Bundestag is considerably more powerful than the Bundesrat, which represents the state governments. All bills must first be passed in the Bundestag before they are discussed in the Bundesrat. The Bundesrat can only accept laws passed by the Bundestag without amendment. Only in some areas, where laws directly affect the states, can the Bundesrat reject laws; otherwise, it can only lodge an objection to them, which the Bundestag can overrule. Above all, however, the <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_Germany" title="Chancellor of Germany">Chancellor</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinet of Germany">federal government</a> are solely responsible to the Bundestag. The Bundestag also has sole budgetary authority. </p><p>The Bundestag's presiding officer is the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Bundestag" title="President of the Bundestag">President of the Bundestag</a>; he or she is deputized by the Vice Presidents of the Bundestag. Since 2021, <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A4rbel_Bas" title="Bärbel Bas">Bärbel Bas</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Social Democratic Party of Germany">SPD</a> is the president of the Bundestag. In the <a href="/wiki/German_order_of_precedence" title="German order of precedence">protocol order of the federation</a>, the President of the Bundestag ranks second after the President and before the Chancellor. </p><p>Since 1999, the Bundestag has met in the <a href="/wiki/Reichstag_building" title="Reichstag building">Reichstag building</a> in Berlin.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Bundestag also operates in multiple new government buildings in Berlin around the <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_Revival_architecture" title="Renaissance Revival architecture">neo-renaissance</a> house and has its own <a href="/wiki/German_Parliament_Police" title="German Parliament Police">police force</a> (the <a href="/wiki/German_Parliament_Police" title="German Parliament Police"><i>Bundestagspolizei</i></a>), directly subordinated to the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Bundestag" title="President of the Bundestag">Bundestag Presidency</a>. </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#History"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Tasks"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Tasks</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Electoral_term"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Electoral term</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Election_system_(since_2023)"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Election system (since 2023)</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Latest_election_result"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Latest election result</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Regular_election_of_2021"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Regular election of 2021</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Repeat_election_of_2024"><span class="tocnumber">5.2</span> <span class="toctext">Repeat election of 2024</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#List_of_Bundestag_by_session"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">List of Bundestag by session</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#Presidents_since_1949"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Presidents since 1949</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#Membership"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Membership</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#Organization"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Organization</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#Factions_and_groups"><span class="tocnumber">9.1</span> <span class="toctext">Factions and groups</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Executive_bodies"><span class="tocnumber">9.2</span> <span class="toctext">Executive bodies</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#Committees"><span class="tocnumber">9.3</span> <span class="toctext">Committees</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#Administration"><span class="tocnumber">9.4</span> <span class="toctext">Administration</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="#Principle_of_discontinuation"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">Principle of discontinuation</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="#Location"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">Location</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">12</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">13</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-20"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">14</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Bundestag&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Reichstag,_Berl%C3%ADn,_Alemania,_2016-04-21,_DD_46-48_HDR.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Reichstag%2C_Berl%C3%ADn%2C_Alemania%2C_2016-04-21%2C_DD_46-48_HDR.jpg/220px-Reichstag%2C_Berl%C3%ADn%2C_Alemania%2C_2016-04-21%2C_DD_46-48_HDR.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="6242" data-file-height="3739"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 132px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Reichstag%2C_Berl%C3%ADn%2C_Alemania%2C_2016-04-21%2C_DD_46-48_HDR.jpg/220px-Reichstag%2C_Berl%C3%ADn%2C_Alemania%2C_2016-04-21%2C_DD_46-48_HDR.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="132" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Reichstag%2C_Berl%C3%ADn%2C_Alemania%2C_2016-04-21%2C_DD_46-48_HDR.jpg/330px-Reichstag%2C_Berl%C3%ADn%2C_Alemania%2C_2016-04-21%2C_DD_46-48_HDR.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Reichstag%2C_Berl%C3%ADn%2C_Alemania%2C_2016-04-21%2C_DD_46-48_HDR.jpg/440px-Reichstag%2C_Berl%C3%ADn%2C_Alemania%2C_2016-04-21%2C_DD_46-48_HDR.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>The <i>German Unity Flag</i> is a national memorial to <a href="/wiki/German_reunification" title="German reunification">German reunification</a> that was raised on 3 October 1990; it waves in front of the <a href="/wiki/Reichstag_building" title="Reichstag building">Reichstag building</a> in Berlin, seat of the Bundestag.</figcaption></figure> <p>The first body to be called <i>Bundestag</i> was in the <a href="/wiki/German_Confederation" title="German Confederation">German Confederation</a> (called <a href="/wiki/Deutscher_Bund" class="mw-redirect" title="Deutscher Bund">Deutscher Bund</a> in German). It convened in <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_am_Main" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankfurt am Main">Frankfurt am Main</a> from 1816 to 1866. In English it is referred to as <a href="/wiki/Federal_Convention_(German_Confederation)" title="Federal Convention (German Confederation)">Federal Convention</a>. </p><p>With the dissolution of the German Confederation in 1866 and the founding of the <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a> (<a href="/wiki/German_Reich" title="German Reich">German Reich</a>) in 1871, the <a href="/wiki/Reichstag_(German_Empire)" title="Reichstag (German Empire)">Reichstag</a> was established as the German parliament in Berlin, which was the capital of the then <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia">Kingdom of Prussia</a> (the largest and most influential state in both the Confederation and the empire). Two decades later, the current parliament building was erected. The Reichstag delegates were elected by direct and equal male suffrage (and not the <a href="/wiki/Prussian_three-class_franchise" title="Prussian three-class franchise">three-class electoral system</a> prevailing in Prussia until 1918). The Reichstag did not participate in the appointment of the chancellor until the <a href="/wiki/German_constitutional_reforms_of_October_1918" title="German constitutional reforms of October 1918">parliamentary reforms of October 1918</a>. After the <a href="/wiki/German_Revolution_of_1918%E2%80%9319" class="mw-redirect" title="German Revolution of 1918–19">Revolution of November 1918</a> and the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Weimar_Constitution" title="Weimar Constitution">Weimar Constitution</a>, women were given the right to vote for (and serve in) the Reichstag, and the parliament could use the <a href="/wiki/No-confidence_vote" class="mw-redirect" title="No-confidence vote">no-confidence vote</a> to force the chancellor or any cabinet member to resign. In 1933, <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> was appointed chancellor and through the <a href="/wiki/Reichstag_Fire_Decree" title="Reichstag Fire Decree">Reichstag Fire Decree</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Enabling_Act_of_1933" title="Enabling Act of 1933">Enabling Act of 1933</a> and the death of President <a href="/wiki/Paul_von_Hindenburg" title="Paul von Hindenburg">Paul von Hindenburg</a> in 1934, gained unlimited power. After this, the Reichstag met only rarely, usually at the <a href="/wiki/Kroll_Opera_House#1933%E2%80%931951:_Seat_of_the_Reichstag_and_destruction" title="Kroll Opera House">Kroll Opera House</a> to unanimously rubber-stamp the decisions of the government. It last convened on 26 April 1942. </p><p>With the <a href="/wiki/Basic_Law_for_the_Federal_Republic_of_Germany" title="Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany">new constitution of 1949</a>, the Bundestag was established as the new West German parliament. Because <a href="/wiki/West_Berlin" title="West Berlin">West Berlin</a> was not officially under the jurisdiction of the constitution, a legacy of the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>, the Bundestag met in <a href="/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn">Bonn</a> in several different buildings, including (provisionally) a former waterworks facility. In addition, owing to the city's legal status, citizens of West Berlin were unable to vote in elections to the Bundestag, and were instead represented by 22 non-voting delegates<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> chosen by the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_of_Berlin" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Representatives of Berlin">House of Representatives</a>, the city's legislature.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Bundeshaus_(Bonn)" title="Bundeshaus (Bonn)">Bundeshaus in Bonn</a> is the former parliament building of Germany. The sessions of the German Bundestag were held there from 1949 until its move to Berlin in 1999. Today it houses the International Congress Centre Bundeshaus Bonn and in the northern areas the branch office of the <a href="/wiki/Bundesrat_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Bundesrat of Germany">Bundesrat</a> ("Federal Council"), which represents the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Länder</i></span> – the federated states. The southern areas became part of German offices for the United Nations in 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The former <a href="/wiki/Reichstag_building" title="Reichstag building">Reichstag building</a> housed a history exhibition (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Fragen an die deutsche Geschichte</i></span>) and served occasionally as a conference center. The Reichstag building was also occasionally used as a venue for sittings of the Bundestag and its committees and the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Convention_(Germany)" title="Federal Convention (Germany)">Federal Convention</a>, the body which elects the German federal president. However, the Soviets harshly protested against the use of the Reichstag building by institutions of the Federal Republic of Germany and tried to disturb the sittings by flying supersonic jets close to the building.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Since 19 April 1999, the German parliament has again assembled in <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a> in its original Reichstag building, which was built in 1888 based on the plans of German architect <a href="/wiki/Paul_Wallot" title="Paul Wallot">Paul Wallot</a> and underwent a significant renovation under the lead of British architect <a href="/wiki/Norman_Foster,_Baron_Foster_of_Thames_Bank" title="Norman Foster, Baron Foster of Thames Bank">Lord Norman Foster</a>. Parliamentary committees and subcommittees, public hearings and parliamentary group meetings take place in three auxiliary buildings, which surround the Reichstag building: the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Jakob-Kaiser-Haus, Paul-Löbe-Haus</i></span> and <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Marie-Elisabeth-Lüders-Haus</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2005, a small aircraft crashed close to the German Parliament. It was then decided to ban private air traffic over Central Berlin.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Tasks">Tasks</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Bundestag&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Tasks" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>Together with the <a href="/wiki/Bundesrat_(Germany)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bundesrat (Germany)">Bundesrat</a>, the Bundestag is the <a href="/wiki/Legislative_branch" class="mw-redirect" title="Legislative branch">legislative branch</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Germany" title="Politics of Germany">German political system</a>. </p><p>Although most legislation is initiated by the executive branch, the Bundestag considers the legislative function its most important responsibility, concentrating much of its energy on assessing and amending the government's legislative program. The committees (see below) play a prominent role in this process. <a href="/wiki/Plenary_sessions" class="mw-redirect" title="Plenary sessions">Plenary sessions</a> provide a forum for members to engage in public debate on legislative issues before them, but they tend to be well attended only when significant legislation is being considered. </p><p>The Bundestag members are the only federal officials directly elected by the public; the Bundestag in turn elects the <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_Germany_(Federal_Republic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chancellor of Germany (Federal Republic)">chancellor</a> and, in addition, exercises oversight of the executive branch on issues of both substantive policy and routine administration. This check on executive power can be employed through binding legislation, public debates on government policy, investigations, and direct questioning of the chancellor or cabinet officials. For example, the Bundestag can conduct a question hour (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Fragestunde</i></span>), in which a government representative responds to a written question previously submitted by a member. Members can ask related questions during the question hour. The questions can concern anything from a major policy issue to a specific constituent's problem. Use of the question hour has increased markedly over the past forty years, with more than 20,000 questions being posed during the 1987–90 term. The opposition parties actively exercise their parliamentary right to scrutinize government actions. </p><p>Constituent services also take place via the Petition Committee. In 2004, the Petition Committee received over 18,000 complaints from citizens and was able to negotiate a mutually satisfactory solution to more than half of them. In 2005, as a pilot of the potential of <a href="/wiki/Internet_petition" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet petition">internet petitions</a>, a version of <a href="/wiki/E-petitioner" title="E-petitioner">e-petitioner</a> was produced for the Bundestag. This was a collaborative project involving The <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Parliament" title="Scottish Parliament">Scottish Parliament</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Teledemocracy_Centre" title="International Teledemocracy Centre">International Teledemocracy Centre</a> and the Bundestag 'Online Services Department'. The system was formally launched on 1 September 2005, and in 2008 the Bundestag moved to a new system based on its evaluation.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Electoral_term">Electoral term</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Bundestag&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Electoral term" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chart_Basic_Law_of_the_Federal_Republic_of_Germany_EN.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Chart_Basic_Law_of_the_Federal_Republic_of_Germany_EN.svg/220px-Chart_Basic_Law_of_the_Federal_Republic_of_Germany_EN.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1052" data-file-height="744"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 156px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Chart_Basic_Law_of_the_Federal_Republic_of_Germany_EN.svg/220px-Chart_Basic_Law_of_the_Federal_Republic_of_Germany_EN.svg.png" data-width="220" data-height="156" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Chart_Basic_Law_of_the_Federal_Republic_of_Germany_EN.svg/330px-Chart_Basic_Law_of_the_Federal_Republic_of_Germany_EN.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Chart_Basic_Law_of_the_Federal_Republic_of_Germany_EN.svg/440px-Chart_Basic_Law_of_the_Federal_Republic_of_Germany_EN.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>The Bundestag within the political system of Germany</figcaption></figure> <p>The Bundestag is elected for four years, and new elections must be held between 46 and 48 months after the beginning of its <a href="/wiki/Electoral_term" class="mw-redirect" title="Electoral term">electoral term</a>, unless the Bundestag is dissolved prematurely. Its term ends when the next Bundestag convenes, which must occur within 30 days of the election.<sup id="cite_ref-Electoral_term_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Electoral_term-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The principle applies that there can be no 'period without parliament'. An elected Bundestag is fully competent to act until a newly elected Bundestag convenes for its first session. Prorogations and dissolutions (in the strict sense), as known in the Westminster system, do not exist in Germany. Even an early dissolution of the Bundestag, as occurred in 1972, 1983, 2005 and 2025, in practice only leads to an early election, but does not end the legislative period itself.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>h<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Election_system_(since_2023)"><span id="Election_system_.28since_2023.29"></span>Election system (since 2023)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Bundestag&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Election system (since 2023)" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_German_Bundestag_constituencies" class="mw-redirect" title="List of German Bundestag constituencies">List of German Bundestag constituencies</a> and <a href="/wiki/State_list_(Germany)" title="State list (Germany)">State list (Germany)</a></div><p> Germany uses the <a href="/wiki/Mixed-member_proportional_representation" title="Mixed-member proportional representation">mixed-member proportional representation</a> system, a system of <a href="/wiki/Proportional_representation" title="Proportional representation">proportional representation</a> combined with elements of <a href="/wiki/First-past-the-post_voting" title="First-past-the-post voting">first-past-the-post voting</a>. Before an electoral reform in 2023, the Bundestag nominally had 598 members, with the mixture of majority and proportional representation regularly leading to a large number of additional overhang and compensation mandates.<sup id="cite_ref-Matthias_Cantow-2017_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Matthias_Cantow-2017-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2023, this was remedied with a series of changes that led to a fixed number of seats of 630 and significantly increased the proportional aspect; after this revised electoral law was confirmed by the Federal Constitutional Court with some modifications following constitutional complaints, it was applied for the first time in <a href="/wiki/2025_German_federal_election" title="2025 German federal election">2025</a>. </p><p>Every elector has two votes: a constituency vote (<a href="/wiki/First_vote" title="First vote">first vote</a>) and a party list vote (<a href="/wiki/Second_vote" title="Second vote">second vote</a>). Based solely on the first votes, 299 members are elected in <a href="/wiki/Single-member_constituency" class="mw-redirect" title="Single-member constituency">single-member constituencies</a> by first-past-the-post voting (<a href="/wiki/Direktmandat" title="Direktmandat">Direktmandat</a>). The second votes are used to produce a proportional number of seats for parties (<a href="/wiki/Listenkandidat" title="Listenkandidat">Listenkandidat</a>), first on the federal level and then on state level (<a href="/wiki/Sainte-Lagu%C3%AB_method" title="Sainte-Laguë method">Sainte-Laguë method</a>). In most cases, the number of constituencies won by a party in a given state does not exactly correspond to the number of seats to which the party is entitled according to the second-vote result in that state. This is balanced in two different ways: </p> <ul><li>If a party wins more constituency seats in a state than its second votes would entitle it to, only the correspondent number of constituency winners with the highest percentage of first votes are elected.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>If a party wins fewer constituencies in a state than it is entitled to based on the second-vote result, the highest-placed candidates from the state list are elected accordingly to the additional seats.</li></ul> <p>If a member leaves the Bundestag during the legislative period, another candidate from the respective state moves into the Bundestag; in this case, constituency winners who were not initially considered (in the first scenario) are considered first (again in the order of their first-vote percentage results), followed by candidates from the state list. </p><p>To qualify for any seats, however, a party must either win three single-member constituencies via first votes (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Basic_mandate_clause&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Basic mandate clause (page does not exist)">basic mandate clause</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grundmandat" class="extiw" title="de:Grundmandat">de</a>]</span>) or exceed a <a href="/wiki/Electoral_threshold" title="Electoral threshold">threshold</a> of 5% of the second votes nationwide. This does not apply to independent constituency candidates, however: these always enter the Bundestag if they win their constituency. Seats allocated in this way are subtracted from the base number of 630 when the mandates are distributed among the parties. In addition, the second votes of voters who have elected a successful independent constituency candidate are not taken into account when calculating the number of mandates (although they are for the 5% threshold). </p><p>Parties representing recognized national minorities (currently <a href="/wiki/Danes#Danish_diaspora" title="Danes">Danes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frisians" title="Frisians">Frisians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sorbs" title="Sorbs">Sorbs</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Romani_people" title="Romani people">Romani people</a>) are exempt from both the 5% national threshold and the basic mandate clause, but must still meet state-level qualifications. The only party that has been able to benefit from this provision so far on the federal level is the <a href="/wiki/South_Schleswig_Voters%27_Association" title="South Schleswig Voters' Association">South Schleswig Voters' Association</a>, which represents the minorities of Danes and Frisians in <a href="/wiki/Schleswig-Holstein" title="Schleswig-Holstein">Schleswig-Holstein</a> and managed to win a seat in <a href="/wiki/1949_West_German_federal_election" title="1949 West German federal election">1949</a>, <a href="/wiki/2021_German_federal_election" title="2021 German federal election">2021</a>, and <a href="/wiki/2025_German_federal_election" title="2025 German federal election">2025</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundestagswahl_05_stimmzett.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Bundestagswahl_05_stimmzett.jpg/220px-Bundestagswahl_05_stimmzett.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="418" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="792" data-file-height="1504"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 418px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Bundestagswahl_05_stimmzett.jpg/220px-Bundestagswahl_05_stimmzett.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="418" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Bundestagswahl_05_stimmzett.jpg/330px-Bundestagswahl_05_stimmzett.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Bundestagswahl_05_stimmzett.jpg/440px-Bundestagswahl_05_stimmzett.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Bundestag ballot from the <a href="/wiki/2005_German_federal_election" title="2005 German federal election">2005 election</a> in the <a href="/wiki/W%C3%BCrzburg" title="Würzburg">Würzburg</a> district. The column for the constituency vote (with the name, occupation, and address of each candidate) is on the left in black print; the column for the party list vote (showing top five list candidates in the state) is on the right in blue print.</figcaption></figure> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Latest_election_result">Latest election result</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Bundestag&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Latest election result" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Regular_election_of_2021">Regular election of 2021</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Bundestag&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Regular election of 2021" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>The latest federal election was held on Sunday, 26 September 2021, to elect the members of the 20th Bundestag. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/2021_German_federal_election" title="2021 German federal election">2021 German federal election</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_2021_German_federal_election" title="Results of the 2021 German federal election">Results of the 2021 German federal election</a></div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="15" style="background:#F8F9FA;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundestag_2021.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Bundestag_2021.svg/300px-Bundestag_2021.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="154" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="185"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 300px;height: 154px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Bundestag_2021.svg/300px-Bundestag_2021.svg.png" data-width="300" data-height="154" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Bundestag_2021.svg/450px-Bundestag_2021.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Bundestag_2021.svg/600px-Bundestag_2021.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" rowspan="2">Party </th> <th colspan="3">Constituencies </th> <th colspan="3">Party list </th> <th rowspan="2">Total<br>seats </th> <th rowspan="2">+/– </th></tr> <tr> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th> <th>Seats </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th> <th>Seats </th></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#E3000F"></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Social Democratic Party of Germany">Social Democratic Party</a> (SPD)</td> <td>12,234,690</td> <td>26.4</td> <td>121</td> <td>11,955,434</td> <td>25.7</td> <td>85</td> <td>206</td> <td>+53 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#151518"></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Union_of_Germany" title="Christian Democratic Union of Germany">Christian Democratic Union</a> (CDU)<sup id="cite_ref-CDU/CSU_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CDU/CSU-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>j<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>10,451,524</td> <td>22.5</td> <td>98</td> <td>8,775,471</td> <td>18.9</td> <td>54</td> <td>152</td> <td>−48 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#409A3C"></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Alliance_90/The_Greens" title="Alliance 90/The Greens">Alliance 90/The Greens</a> (GRÜNE)</td> <td>6,469,081</td> <td>14.0</td> <td>16</td> <td>6,852,206</td> <td>14.8</td> <td>102</td> <td>118</td> <td>+51 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#FFED00"></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Free_Democratic_Party_(Germany)" title="Free Democratic Party (Germany)">Free Democratic Party</a> (FDP)</td> <td>4,042,951</td> <td>8.7</td> <td>0</td> <td>5,319,952</td> <td>11.5</td> <td>92</td> <td>92</td> <td>+12 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#00A2DE"></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Alternative_for_Germany" title="Alternative for Germany">Alternative for Germany</a> (AfD)</td> <td>4,695,611</td> <td>10.1</td> <td>16</td> <td>4,803,902</td> <td>10.3</td> <td>67</td> <td>83</td> <td>−11 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#008AC5"></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Christian_Social_Union_in_Bavaria" title="Christian Social Union in Bavaria">Christian Social Union</a> (CSU)<sup id="cite_ref-CDU/CSU_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CDU/CSU-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>j<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>2,788,048</td> <td>6.0</td> <td>45</td> <td>2,402,827</td> <td>5.2</td> <td>0</td> <td>45</td> <td>−1 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#BE3075"></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/The_Left_(Germany)" title="The Left (Germany)">The Left</a> (DIE LINKE)</td> <td>2,307,536</td> <td>5.0</td> <td>3</td> <td>2,270,906</td> <td>4.9</td> <td>36</td> <td>39</td> <td>−30 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#F7A800;"></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Free_Voters" title="Free Voters">Free Voters</a> (FREIE WÄHLER)</td> <td>1,334,739</td> <td>2.9</td> <td>0</td> <td>1,127,784</td> <td>2.4</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#00545F;"></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Human_Environment_Animal_Protection_Party" title="Human Environment Animal Protection Party">Human Environment Animal Protection Party</a></td> <td>163,201</td> <td>0.4</td> <td>0</td> <td>675,353</td> <td>1.5</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#4AA79D;"></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Grassroots_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Grassroots Democratic Party of Germany">Grassroots Democratic Party</a> (dieBasis)</td> <td>735,451</td> <td>1.6</td> <td>0</td> <td>630,153</td> <td>1.4</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>New </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#B5152B;"></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Die_PARTEI" title="Die PARTEI">Die PARTEI</a></td> <td>543,145</td> <td>1.2</td> <td>0</td> <td>461,570</td> <td>1.0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#DA4048;"></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Team_Todenh%C3%B6fer" title="Team Todenhöfer">Team Todenhöfer</a></td> <td>5,700</td> <td>0.0</td> <td>0</td> <td>214,535</td> <td>0.5</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>New </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FF820A;"></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Pirate_Party_Germany" title="Pirate Party Germany">Pirate Party Germany</a> (PIRATEN)</td> <td>60,839</td> <td>0.1</td> <td>0</td> <td>169,923</td> <td>0.4</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#502379;"></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Volt_Germany" title="Volt Germany">Volt Germany</a> (Volt)</td> <td>78,339</td> <td>0.2</td> <td>0</td> <td>165,474</td> <td>0.4</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>New </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FF6400;"></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Ecological_Democratic_Party" title="Ecological Democratic Party">Ecological Democratic Party</a> (ÖDP)</td> <td>152,792</td> <td>0.3</td> <td>0</td> <td>112,314</td> <td>0.2</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#D79E2A;"></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="National Democratic Party of Germany">National Democratic Party</a> (NPD)</td> <td>1,090</td> <td>0.0</td> <td>0</td> <td>64,574</td> <td>0.1</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#003C8F;"></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/South_Schleswig_Voters%27_Association" title="South Schleswig Voters' Association">South Schleswig Voters' Association</a> (SSW)</td> <td>35,027</td> <td>0.1</td> <td>0</td> <td>55,578</td> <td>0.1</td> <td>1<sup id="cite_ref-SSW_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SSW-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>k<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>1</td> <td>+1 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#000000;"></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Partei_f%C3%BCr_Gesundheitsforschung" class="mw-redirect" title="Partei für Gesundheitsforschung">Party for Health Research</a></td> <td>2,842</td> <td>0.0</td> <td>0</td> <td>49,349</td> <td>0.1</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#6D6AB1;"></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Party_of_Humanists" title="Party of Humanists">The Humanists</a> (Die Humanisten)</td> <td>12,730</td> <td>0.0</td> <td>0</td> <td>47,711</td> <td>0.1</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#01509F;"></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Alliance_C_%E2%80%93_Christians_for_Germany" title="Alliance C – Christians for Germany">Alliance C – Christians for Germany</a></td> <td>6,222</td> <td>0.0</td> <td>0</td> <td>39,868</td> <td>0.1</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#386ABC;"></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Bavaria_Party" title="Bavaria Party">Bavaria Party</a> (BP)</td> <td>36,748</td> <td>0.1</td> <td>0</td> <td>32,790</td> <td>0.1</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#99cc33;"></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/V-Partei%C2%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="V-Partei³">V-Partei³</a></td> <td>10,644</td> <td>0.0</td> <td>0</td> <td>31,884</td> <td>0.1</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FF9900"></td> <td align="left"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unabh%C3%A4ngige_f%C3%BCr_b%C3%BCrgernahe_Demokratie" class="extiw" title="de:Unabhängige für bürgernahe Demokratie">Independents for Citizen-oriented Democracy</a></td> <td>13,421</td> <td>0.0</td> <td>0</td> <td>22,736</td> <td>0.0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#DD127B;"></td> <td align="left"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Die_Grauen_%E2%80%93_F%C3%BCr_alle_Generationen" class="extiw" title="de:Die Grauen – Für alle Generationen">The Greys</a> (Die Grauen)</td> <td>2,368</td> <td>0.0</td> <td>0</td> <td>19,443</td> <td>0.0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#E66346;"></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Die_Urbane._Eine_HipHop_Partei" title="Die Urbane. Eine HipHop Partei">The Urbans. A HipHop Party</a> (du.)</td> <td>1,912</td> <td>0.0</td> <td>0</td> <td>17,811</td> <td>0.0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#DF221D;"></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist_Party_of_Germany" title="Marxist–Leninist Party of Germany">Marxist–Leninist Party</a> (MLPD)</td> <td>22,534</td> <td>0.0</td> <td>0</td> <td>17,799</td> <td>0.0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#ED1C24;"></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/German_Communist_Party" title="German Communist Party">German Communist Party</a> (DKP)</td> <td>5,446</td> <td>0.0</td> <td>0</td> <td>14,925</td> <td>0.0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#3d499a;"></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Alliance_for_Human_Rights,_Animal_and_Nature_Protection" title="Alliance for Human Rights, Animal and Nature Protection">Animal Protection Alliance</a> (Tierschutzallianz)</td> <td>7,371</td> <td>0.0</td> <td>0</td> <td>13,672</td> <td>0.0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#DC2F28"></td> <td align="left"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europ%C3%A4ische_Partei_Liebe" class="extiw" title="de:Europäische Partei Liebe">European Party Love</a> (LIEBE)</td> <td>873</td> <td>0.0</td> <td>0</td> <td>12,967</td> <td>0.0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>New </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#F29200;"></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Conservative_Reformers" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal Conservative Reformers">Liberal Conservative Reformers</a> (LKR)</td> <td>10,767</td> <td>0.0</td> <td>0</td> <td>11,159</td> <td>0.0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>New </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#D1165D"></td> <td align="left">Lobbyists for Children (LfK)</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>9,189</td> <td>0.0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>New </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#F8F9FA;"></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/The_III._Path" class="mw-redirect" title="The III. Path">The III. Path</a> (III. Weg)</td> <td>515</td> <td>0.0</td> <td>0</td> <td>7,832</td> <td>0.0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>New </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#004800"></td> <td align="left"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gartenpartei" class="extiw" title="de:Gartenpartei">Garden Party</a> (MG)</td> <td>2,095</td> <td>0.0</td> <td>0</td> <td>7,611</td> <td>0.0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#44AAE0"></td> <td align="left">Citizens' Movement (BÜRGERBEWEGUNG)</td> <td>1,556</td> <td>0.0</td> <td>0</td> <td>7,491</td> <td>0.0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>New </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#263d80;"></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Democracy_in_Motion" title="Democracy in Motion">Democracy in Motion</a> (DiB)</td> <td>2,609</td> <td>0.0</td> <td>0</td> <td>7,184</td> <td>0.0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#EE6600;"></td> <td align="left"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menschliche_Welt" class="extiw" title="de:Menschliche Welt">Human World</a> (MENSCHLICHE WELT)</td> <td>656</td> <td>0.0</td> <td>0</td> <td>3,786</td> <td>0.0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#E71F71"></td> <td align="left"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Die_Pinken/B%C3%BCndnis21" class="extiw" title="de:Die Pinken/Bündnis21">The Pinks/Alliance 21</a> (BÜNDNIS21)</td> <td>377</td> <td>0.0</td> <td>0</td> <td>3,488</td> <td>0.0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>New </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#F5A419"></td> <td align="left"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partei_des_Fortschritts" class="extiw" title="de:Partei des Fortschritts">Party of Progress</a> (PdF)</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>3,228</td> <td>0.0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>New </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#BA141A;"></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Equality_Party_(Germany)" title="Socialist Equality Party (Germany)">Socialist Equality Party</a> (SGP)</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>1,417</td> <td>0.0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#003366;"></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCrgerrechtsbewegung_Solidarit%C3%A4t" title="Bürgerrechtsbewegung Solidarität">Civil Rights Movement Solidarity</a> (BüSo)</td> <td>811</td> <td>0.0</td> <td>0</td> <td>727</td> <td>0.0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#43A428;"></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Klimaliste" title="Klimaliste">Climate List Baden-Württemberg</a> (KlimalisteBW)</td> <td>3,967</td> <td>0.0</td> <td>0</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>0</td> <td>New </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#E16B0B;"></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Family_Party_of_Germany" title="Family Party of Germany">Family Party of Germany</a> (FAMILIE)</td> <td>1,817</td> <td>0.0</td> <td>0</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>0</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#1C2D5C;"></td> <td align="left"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ab_jetzt_..._Demokratie_durch_Volksabstimmung" class="extiw" title="de:Ab jetzt ... Demokratie durch Volksabstimmung">Democracy by Referendum</a> (Volksabstimmung)</td> <td>1,086</td> <td>0.0</td> <td>0</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>0</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#566467"></td> <td align="left"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graue_Panther_(Partei)" class="extiw" title="de:Graue Panther (Partei)">Grey Panthers</a> (Graue Panther)</td> <td>961</td> <td>0.0</td> <td>0</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>0</td> <td>New </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#0083C1"></td> <td align="left">Thuringian Homeland Party (THP)</td> <td>549</td> <td>0.0</td> <td>0</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>0</td> <td>New </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td align="left">The Others (sonstige)</td> <td>256</td> <td>0.0</td> <td>0</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>0</td> <td>New </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#66CCFF"></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Bergpartei,_die_%22%C3%9CberPartei%22" class="mw-redirect" title='Bergpartei, die "ÜberPartei"'>Bergpartei, die "ÜberPartei"</a> (B*)</td> <td>222</td> <td>0.0</td> <td>0</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>0</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#DCDCDC;"></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independents</a> and voter groups</td> <td>110,894</td> <td>0.2</td> <td>0</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>0</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr class="sortbottom"> <td colspan="10" style="background: #E9E9E9"> </td></tr> <tr class="sortbottom"> <td colspan="2" align="left">Valid votes</td> <td>46,362,013</td> <td>98.9</td> <td>–</td> <td>46,442,023</td> <td>99.1</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>– </td></tr> <tr class="sortbottom"> <td colspan="2" align="left">Invalid/blank votes</td> <td>492,495</td> <td>1.1</td> <td>–</td> <td>412,485</td> <td>0.9</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>– </td></tr> <tr class="sortbottom"> <td colspan="2" align="left"><b>Total votes</b></td> <td><b>46,854,508</b></td> <td><b>100.0</b></td> <td><b>299</b></td> <td><b>46,854,508</b></td> <td><b>100.0</b></td> <td><b>437</b></td> <td><b>736</b></td> <td><b>+27</b> </td></tr> <tr class="sortbottom"> <td colspan="2" align="left">Registered voters/turnout</td> <td>61,181,072</td> <td>76.6</td> <td>–</td> <td>61,181,072</td> <td>76.6</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>– </td></tr> <tr class="sortbottom"> <td colspan="10" align="left">Source: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bundeswahlleiter.de/en/bundestagswahlen/2021/ergebnisse/bund-99.html">Bundeswahlleiter</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Repeat_election_of_2024">Repeat election of 2024</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Bundestag&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Repeat election of 2024" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>In several districts of Berlin the 2021 election was repeated due to irregularities. This changed the number of additional mandates of the Bundestag from 138 to 137, resulting in the FDP losing a seat.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="List_of_Bundestag_by_session">List of Bundestag by session</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Bundestag&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: List of Bundestag by session" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="10" style="background:#eecdab; text-align:center;">Seat distribution in the German Bundestag (at the beginning of each session) </th></tr> <tr style="background:#ffffff"> <th style="width:100px;">Session </th> <th style="width:100px;">Election </th> <th style="width:100px;">Seats </th> <th style="width:85px;"><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Union_of_Germany" title="Christian Democratic Union of Germany">CDU</a>/<a href="/wiki/Christian_Social_Union_in_Bavaria" title="Christian Social Union in Bavaria">CSU</a> </th> <th style="width:85px;"><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Social Democratic Party of Germany">SPD</a> </th> <th style="width:85px;"><a href="/wiki/Free_Democratic_Party_(Germany)" title="Free Democratic Party (Germany)">FDP</a> </th> <th style="width:85px;"><a href="/wiki/Alliance_90/The_Greens" title="Alliance 90/The Greens">Greens</a><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>l<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th style="width:85px;"><a href="/wiki/The_Left_(Germany)" title="The Left (Germany)">The Left</a><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>m<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th style="width:80px;"><a href="/wiki/Alternative_for_Germany" title="Alternative for Germany">AfD</a> </th> <th style="width:80px;">Others<br><i>Sonstige</i> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center; background:cornsilk;"> <td><b><a href="/wiki/First_German_Bundestag" title="First German Bundestag">1st</a></b></td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/1949_West_German_federal_election" title="1949 West German federal election">1949</a></b> </td> <td>402</td> <td style="background:#82E0AA;">139</td> <td>131</td> <td style="background:#82E0AA;">52</td> <td>– </td> <td> –</td> <td>–</td> <td style="background:#82E0AA;">80<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center; background:cornsilk;"> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Second_German_Bundestag" title="Second German Bundestag">2nd</a></b></td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/1953_West_German_federal_election" title="1953 West German federal election">1953</a></b> </td> <td>487</td> <td style="background:#82E0AA;">243</td> <td>151</td> <td style="background:#82E0AA;">48</td> <td>– </td> <td> –</td> <td>–</td> <td style="background:#82E0AA;">45<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>o<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center; background:cornsilk;"> <td><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_3rd_Bundestag" title="List of members of the 3rd Bundestag">3rd</a></b></td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/1957_West_German_federal_election" title="1957 West German federal election">1957</a></b> </td> <td>497</td> <td style="background:#82E0AA;">270</td> <td>169</td> <td>41</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td style="background:#82E0AA;">17<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>p<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center; background:cornsilk;"> <td><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_4th_Bundestag" title="List of members of the 4th Bundestag">4th</a></b></td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/1961_West_German_federal_election" title="1961 West German federal election">1961</a></b> </td> <td>499</td> <td style="background:#82E0AA;">242</td> <td>190</td> <td style="background:#82E0AA;">67</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>– </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center; background:cornsilk;"> <td><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_5th_Bundestag" title="List of members of the 5th Bundestag">5th</a></b></td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/1965_West_German_federal_election" title="1965 West German federal election">1965</a></b> </td> <td>496</td> <td style="background:#82E0AA;">245</td> <td style="background:#82E0AA;">202</td> <td>49</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>– </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center; background:cornsilk;"> <td><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_6th_Bundestag" title="List of members of the 6th Bundestag">6th</a></b></td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/1969_West_German_federal_election" title="1969 West German federal election">1969</a></b> </td> <td>496</td> <td>242</td> <td style="background:#82E0AA;">224</td> <td style="background:#82E0AA;">30</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>– </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center; background:cornsilk;"> <td><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_7th_Bundestag" title="List of members of the 7th Bundestag">7th</a></b></td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/1972_West_German_federal_election" title="1972 West German federal election">1972</a></b> </td> <td>496</td> <td>225</td> <td style="background:#82E0AA;">230</td> <td style="background:#82E0AA;">41</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>– </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center; background:cornsilk;"> <td><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_8th_Bundestag" title="List of members of the 8th Bundestag">8th</a></b></td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/1976_West_German_federal_election" title="1976 West German federal election">1976</a></b> </td> <td>496</td> <td>243</td> <td style="background:#82E0AA;">214</td> <td style="background:#82E0AA;">39</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>– </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center; background:cornsilk;"> <td><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_9th_Bundestag" title="List of members of the 9th Bundestag">9th</a></b></td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/1980_West_German_federal_election" title="1980 West German federal election">1980</a></b> </td> <td>497</td> <td>226</td> <td style="background:#82E0AA;">218</td> <td style="background:#82E0AA;">53</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>– </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center; background:cornsilk;"> <td><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_10th_Bundestag" title="List of members of the 10th Bundestag">10th</a></b></td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/1983_West_German_federal_election" title="1983 West German federal election">1983</a></b> </td> <td>498</td> <td style="background:#82E0AA;">244</td> <td>193</td> <td style="background:#82E0AA;">34</td> <td>27</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>– </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center; background:cornsilk;"> <td><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_11th_Bundestag" title="List of members of the 11th Bundestag">11th</a></b></td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/1987_West_German_federal_election" title="1987 West German federal election">1987</a></b> </td> <td>497</td> <td style="background:#82E0AA;">223</td> <td>186</td> <td style="background:#82E0AA;">46</td> <td>42</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>– </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center; background:cornsilk;"> <td><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_12th_Bundestag" title="List of members of the 12th Bundestag">12th</a></b></td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/1990_German_federal_election" title="1990 German federal election">1990</a></b> </td> <td>662</td> <td style="background:#82E0AA;">319</td> <td>239</td> <td style="background:#82E0AA;">79</td> <td>8</td> <td>17</td> <td>–</td> <td>– </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center; background:cornsilk;"> <td><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_13th_Bundestag" title="List of members of the 13th Bundestag">13th</a></b></td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/1994_German_federal_election" title="1994 German federal election">1994</a></b> </td> <td>672</td> <td style="background:#82E0AA;">294</td> <td>252</td> <td style="background:#82E0AA;">47</td> <td>49</td> <td>30</td> <td>–</td> <td>– </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center; background:cornsilk;"> <td><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_14th_Bundestag" title="List of members of the 14th Bundestag">14th</a></b></td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/1998_German_federal_election" title="1998 German federal election">1998</a></b> </td> <td>669</td> <td>245</td> <td style="background:#82E0AA;">298</td> <td>43</td> <td style="background:#82E0AA;">47</td> <td>36</td> <td>–</td> <td>– </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center; background:cornsilk;"> <td><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_15th_Bundestag" title="List of members of the 15th Bundestag">15th</a></b></td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/2002_German_federal_election" title="2002 German federal election">2002</a></b> </td> <td>603</td> <td>248</td> <td style="background:#82E0AA;">251</td> <td>47</td> <td style="background:#82E0AA;">55</td> <td>2</td> <td>–</td> <td>– </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center; background:cornsilk;"> <td><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_16th_Bundestag" title="List of members of the 16th Bundestag">16th</a></b></td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/2005_German_federal_election" title="2005 German federal election">2005</a></b> </td> <td>614</td> <td style="background:#82E0AA;">226</td> <td style="background:#82E0AA;">222</td> <td>61</td> <td>51</td> <td>54</td> <td>–</td> <td>– </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center; background:cornsilk;"> <td><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_17th_Bundestag" title="List of members of the 17th Bundestag">17th</a></b></td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/2009_German_federal_election" title="2009 German federal election">2009</a></b> </td> <td>622</td> <td style="background:#82E0AA;">239</td> <td>146</td> <td style="background:#82E0AA;">93</td> <td>68</td> <td>76</td> <td>–</td> <td>– </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center; background:cornsilk;"> <td><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_18th_Bundestag" title="List of members of the 18th Bundestag">18th</a></b></td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/2013_German_federal_election" title="2013 German federal election">2013</a></b> </td> <td>630</td> <td style="background:#82E0AA;">311</td> <td style="background:#82E0AA;">192</td> <td>–</td> <td>63</td> <td>64</td> <td>–</td> <td>– </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center; background:cornsilk;"> <td><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_19th_Bundestag" title="List of members of the 19th Bundestag">19th</a></b></td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/2017_German_federal_election" title="2017 German federal election">2017</a></b> </td> <td>709</td> <td style="background:#82E0AA;">246</td> <td style="background:#82E0AA;">153</td> <td>80</td> <td>67</td> <td>69</td> <td>94</td> <td>– </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center; background:cornsilk;"> <td><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_20th_Bundestag" title="List of members of the 20th Bundestag">20th</a></b></td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/2021_German_federal_election" title="2021 German federal election">2021</a></b> </td> <td>736(735)<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>q<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>197</td> <td style="background:#82E0AA;">206</td> <td style="background:#82E0AA;">92(91)</td> <td style="background:#82E0AA;">118</td> <td>39</td> <td>83</td> <td>1<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>r<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#82E0AA; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> Parties in the ruling coalition</div> <div class="center"><div class="thumb tnone" style=""><div class="thumbinner" style="width:-moz-fit-content; width:fit-content;"><div class="thumbimage noresize" style="width:auto;"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Notice plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width:100%;margin:0;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text" style="text-align: left;"><div class="mbox-text-span">Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. Updates on reimplementing the Graph extension, which will be known as the Chart extension, can be found on <a class="external text" href="https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/tag/charts/">Phabricator</a> and on <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Chart" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:Chart">MediaWiki.org</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="thumbcaption">Seat distribution in the Bundestag from 1949 to 2021 <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 12em;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#BE3075; color:white;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/The_Left_(Germany)" title="The Left (Germany)">Left</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#EB001F; color:white;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Social Democratic Party of Germany">SPD</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#64A12D; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Alliance_90/The_Greens" title="Alliance 90/The Greens">Green</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#003C8F; color:white;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/South_Schleswig_Voters%27_Association" title="South Schleswig Voters' Association">SSW</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FFED00; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Free_Democratic_Party_(Germany)" title="Free Democratic Party (Germany)">FDP</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#000000; color:white;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Union_of_Germany" title="Christian Democratic Union of Germany">CDU</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#008AC5; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Christian_Social_Union_in_Bavaria" title="Christian Social Union in Bavaria">CSU</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#009EE0; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Alternative_for_Germany" title="Alternative for Germany">AfD</a></div> </div> <p>Parties that were only present between 1949 and 1957 </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 10em;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#AAAAAA; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> Others</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#0047AB; color:white;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Centre_Party_(Germany)" title="Centre Party (Germany)">Centre</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#63B8FF; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/German_Party_(1947)" title="German Party (1947)">DP</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#C3C318; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/All-German_Bloc/League_of_Expellees_and_Deprived_of_Rights" title="All-German Bloc/League of Expellees and Deprived of Rights">GB/BHE</a></div> </div></div></div></div></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <p><br> </p> <table class="toccolours" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="72">Timeline of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Germany#The_parties" title="List of political parties in Germany">political parties who got elected into the Bundestag</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="1" width="2%" style="text-align:center; background-color:#F0F0F0">1940s </td> <td colspan="10" width="13%" style="text-align:center; background-color:#F0F0F0">1950s </td> <td colspan="10" width="13%" style="text-align:center; background-color:#F0F0F0">1960s </td> <td colspan="10" width="13%" style="text-align:center; background-color:#F0F0F0">1970s </td> <td colspan="10" width="13%" style="text-align:center; background-color:#F0F0F0">1980s </td> <td colspan="10" width="13%" style="text-align:center; background-color:#F0F0F0">1990s </td> <td colspan="10" width="13%" style="text-align:center; background-color:#F0F0F0">2000s </td> <td colspan="10" width="13%" style="text-align:center; background-color:#F0F0F0">2010s </td> <td colspan="2" width="13%" style="text-align:center; background-color:#F0F0F0">2020s </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center; background-color:#EFEFEF"> <td>9</td> <td>0</td> <td>1</td> <td>2 </td> <td style="background-color:#D0D0D0">3</td> <td style="background-color:#D0D0D0">4</td> <td style="background-color:#D0D0D0">5</td> <td style="background-color:#D0D0D0">6 </td> <td>7</td> <td>8</td> <td>9</td> <td>0 </td> <td style="background-color:#D0D0D0">1</td> <td style="background-color:#D0D0D0">2</td> <td style="background-color:#D0D0D0">3</td> <td style="background-color:#D0D0D0">4 </td> <td>5</td> <td>6</td> <td>7</td> <td>8 </td> <td style="background-color:#D0D0D0">9</td> <td style="background-color:#D0D0D0">0</td> <td style="background-color:#D0D0D0">1 </td> <td>2</td> <td>3</td> <td>4</td> <td>5 </td> <td style="background-color:#D0D0D0">6</td> <td style="background-color:#D0D0D0">7</td> <td style="background-color:#D0D0D0">8</td> <td style="background-color:#D0D0D0">9 </td> <td>0</td> <td>1</td> <td>2 </td> <td style="background-color:#D0D0D0">3</td> <td style="background-color:#D0D0D0">4</td> <td style="background-color:#D0D0D0">5</td> <td style="background-color:#D0D0D0">6 </td> <td>7</td> <td>8</td> <td>9 </td> <td style="background-color:#D0D0D0">0</td> <td style="background-color:#D0D0D0">1</td> <td style="background-color:#D0D0D0">2</td> <td style="background-color:#D0D0D0">3 </td> <td>4</td> <td>5</td> <td>6</td> <td>7 </td> <td style="background-color:#D0D0D0">8</td> <td style="background-color:#D0D0D0">9</td> <td style="background-color:#D0D0D0">0</td> <td style="background-color:#D0D0D0">1 </td> <td>2</td> <td>3</td> <td>4 </td> <td style="background-color:#D0D0D0">5</td> <td style="background-color:#D0D0D0">6</td> <td style="background-color:#D0D0D0">7</td> <td style="background-color:#D0D0D0">8</td> <td>9</td> <td>0</td> <td>1</td> <td>2 </td> <td style="background-color:#D0D0D0">3</td> <td style="background-color:#D0D0D0">4</td> <td style="background-color:#D0D0D0">5</td> <td style="background-color:#D0D0D0">6 </td> <td>7</td> <td>8</td> <td>9</td> <td>0</td> <td style="background-color:#D0D0D0">1</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td colspan="73" style="background-color:#0088ce"><span style="color:#FFFFFF"> CSU </span> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td colspan="73" style="background-color:#000000"><span style="color:#FFFFFF"> CDU </span> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td colspan="8" style="background-color:#0047AB"><span style="color:#FFFFFF"> Centre </span> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#386ABC"><span style="color:#FFFFFF"> BP </span> </td> <td colspan="7" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3C318">BHE </td> <td colspan="5" style="background-color:#C3C318">GB/BHE </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="5" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="5" style="background-color:#C3C318">GDP </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#6495ED">DSU </td> <td colspan="9" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="7" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="5" style="background-color:#009EE0">AfD </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td colspan="8" style="background-color:#63B8FF">DP </td> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#63B8FF" rowspan="2">DP </td> <td colspan="9" style="background-color:#E0E0E0" rowspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#E0E0E0" rowspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#E0E0E0" rowspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#E0E0E0" rowspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#E0E0E0" rowspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#E0E0E0" rowspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#E0E0E0" rowspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td colspan="7" style="background-color:#FFED00" rowspan="2">FDP </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#FFCC00">FVP </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td colspan="57" style="background-color:#FFED00">FDP </td> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="5" style="background-color:#FFED00">FDP </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#FFA500">WAV </td> <td colspan="7" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#003C8F"><span style="color:#FFFFFF"> SSW </span> </td> <td colspan="7" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#003C8F"><span style="color:#FFFFFF"> SSW </span> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="8" style="background-color:#64A12D">Greens </td> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="27" style="background-color:#64A12D" rowspan="2">Alliance 90/Greens </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="5" style="background-color:#008000"><span style="color:#FFFFFF"> Greens/Alliance 90 </span> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td colspan="56" rowspan="2" style="background-color:#EB001F"><span style="color:#FFFFFF"> SPD </span> </td> <td colspan="17" style="background-color:#EB001F"><span style="color:#FFFFFF"> SPD </span> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#FF8000">WASG </td> <td colspan="15" style="background-color:#BE3075" rowspan="2"><span style="color:#FFFFFF"> The Left </span> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#8B0000"><span style="color:#FFFFFF"> KPD </span> </td> <td colspan="7" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="17" style="background-color:#BE3075"><span style="color:#FFFFFF"> PDS </span> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#999955">NDP </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#8B4726" rowspan="2"><span style="color:#FFFFFF"> DRP </span> </td> <td colspan="7" style="background-color:#E0E0E0" rowspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#E0E0E0" rowspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#E0E0E0" rowspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#E0E0E0" rowspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#E0E0E0" rowspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#E0E0E0" rowspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#E0E0E0" rowspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#E0E0E0" rowspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#8B4726"><span style="color:#FFFFFF"> DRP </span> </td></tr></tbody></table> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Presidents_since_1949">Presidents since 1949</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Bundestag&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Presidents since 1949" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Presidents of the Bundestag </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:12px;">No. </th> <th style="width:280px;">Name </th> <th style="width:20px;">Party </th> <th style="width:180px;">Beginning of term </th> <th style="width:180px;">End of term </th> <th style="width:180px;">Length of term </th></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Erich_K%C3%B6hler" title="Erich Köhler">Erich Köhler</a> (1892–1958) </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Union_of_Germany" title="Christian Democratic Union of Germany">CDU</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">7 September 1949 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">18 October 1950<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>s<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1 year, 41 days </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Ehlers" title="Hermann Ehlers">Hermann Ehlers</a> (1904–1954) </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Union_of_Germany" title="Christian Democratic Union of Germany">CDU</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">19 October 1950 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">29 October 1954<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>t<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">4 years, 10 days </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eugen_Gerstenmaier" title="Eugen Gerstenmaier">Eugen Gerstenmaier</a> (1906–1986) </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Union_of_Germany" title="Christian Democratic Union of Germany">CDU</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">16 November 1954 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">31 January 1969<sup id="cite_ref-politres_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-politres-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>u<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">14 years, 76 days </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kai-Uwe_von_Hassel" title="Kai-Uwe von Hassel">Kai-Uwe von Hassel</a> (1913–1997) </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Union_of_Germany" title="Christian Democratic Union of Germany">CDU</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">5 February 1969 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">13 December 1972 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">3 years, 312 days </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FFE8E8;">5 </td> <td style="background:#FFE8E8;"><a href="/wiki/Annemarie_Renger" title="Annemarie Renger">Annemarie Renger</a><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>v<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (1919–2008) </td> <td style="background:#ffe8e8; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Social Democratic Party of Germany">SPD</a> </td> <td style="background:#ffe8e8; text-align:center;">13 December 1972 </td> <td style="background:#ffe8e8; text-align:center;">14 December 1976 </td> <td style="background:#ffe8e8; text-align:center;">4 years, 1 day </td></tr> <tr> <td>6 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Karl_Carstens" title="Karl Carstens">Karl Carstens</a> (1914–1992) </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Union_of_Germany" title="Christian Democratic Union of Germany">CDU</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">14 December 1976 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">31 May 1979<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>w<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2 years, 168 days </td></tr> <tr> <td>7 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Richard_St%C3%BCcklen" title="Richard Stücklen">Richard Stücklen</a> (1916–2002) </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Christian_Social_Union_of_Bavaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian Social Union of Bavaria">CSU</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">31 May 1979 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">29 March 1983 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">3 years, 363 days </td></tr> <tr> <td>8 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rainer_Barzel" title="Rainer Barzel">Rainer Barzel</a> (1924–2006) </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Union_of_Germany" title="Christian Democratic Union of Germany">CDU</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">29 March 1983 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">25 October 1984<sup id="cite_ref-politres_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-politres-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>u<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1 year, 210 days </td></tr> <tr> <td>9 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Philipp_Jenninger" title="Philipp Jenninger">Philipp Jenninger</a> (1932–2018) </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Union_of_Germany" title="Christian Democratic Union of Germany">CDU</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">5 November 1984 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">11 November 1988<sup id="cite_ref-politres_36-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-politres-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>u<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">4 years, 6 days </td></tr> <tr> <td>10 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rita_S%C3%BCssmuth" title="Rita Süssmuth">Rita Süssmuth</a> (b. 1937) </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Union_of_Germany" title="Christian Democratic Union of Germany">CDU</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">25 November 1988 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">26 October 1998 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">9 years, 335 days </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FFE8E8;">11 </td> <td style="background:#FFE8E8;"><a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Thierse" title="Wolfgang Thierse">Wolfgang Thierse</a> (b. 1943) </td> <td style="background:#ffe8e8; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Social Democratic Party of Germany">SPD</a> </td> <td style="background:#ffe8e8; text-align:center;">26 October 1998 </td> <td style="background:#ffe8e8; text-align:center;">18 October 2005 </td> <td style="background:#ffe8e8; text-align:center;">6 years, 357 days </td></tr> <tr> <td>12 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Norbert_Lammert" title="Norbert Lammert">Norbert Lammert</a> (b. 1948) </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Union_of_Germany" title="Christian Democratic Union of Germany">CDU</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">18 October 2005 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">24 October 2017 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">12 years, 6 days </td></tr> <tr> <td>13 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Sch%C3%A4uble" title="Wolfgang Schäuble">Wolfgang Schäuble</a> (1942–2023) </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Union_of_Germany" title="Christian Democratic Union of Germany">CDU</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">24 October 2017 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">26 October 2021 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">4 years, 2 days </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FFE8E8;">14 </td> <td style="background:#FFE8E8;"><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A4rbel_Bas" title="Bärbel Bas">Bärbel Bas</a> (b. 1968) </td> <td style="background:#ffe8e8; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Social Democratic Party of Germany">SPD</a> </td> <td style="background:#ffe8e8; text-align:center;">26 October 2021 </td> <td style="background:#ffe8e8; text-align:center;"><i>present</i> </td> <td style="background:#ffe8e8; text-align:center;">3 years, 123 days </td></tr></tbody></table> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Membership">Membership</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Bundestag&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Membership" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_German_Bundestag" title="Member of the German Bundestag">Member of the German Bundestag</a></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Organization">Organization</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Bundestag&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Organization" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marie-Elisabeth-L%C3%BCders-Haus,_Berlin-Mitte,_160328,_ako.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Marie-Elisabeth-L%C3%BCders-Haus%2C_Berlin-Mitte%2C_160328%2C_ako.jpg/240px-Marie-Elisabeth-L%C3%BCders-Haus%2C_Berlin-Mitte%2C_160328%2C_ako.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="135" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3890" data-file-height="2188"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 240px;height: 135px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Marie-Elisabeth-L%C3%BCders-Haus%2C_Berlin-Mitte%2C_160328%2C_ako.jpg/240px-Marie-Elisabeth-L%C3%BCders-Haus%2C_Berlin-Mitte%2C_160328%2C_ako.jpg" data-width="240" data-height="135" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Marie-Elisabeth-L%C3%BCders-Haus%2C_Berlin-Mitte%2C_160328%2C_ako.jpg/360px-Marie-Elisabeth-L%C3%BCders-Haus%2C_Berlin-Mitte%2C_160328%2C_ako.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Marie-Elisabeth-L%C3%BCders-Haus%2C_Berlin-Mitte%2C_160328%2C_ako.jpg/480px-Marie-Elisabeth-L%C3%BCders-Haus%2C_Berlin-Mitte%2C_160328%2C_ako.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>The <i>Marie-Elisabeth-Lüders-Haus</i>, one of the official buildings of the complex, housing the parliamentary library</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Factions_and_groups">Factions and groups</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Bundestag&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Factions and groups" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Fraktion_(Bundestag)" title="Fraktion (Bundestag)">Fraktion (Bundestag)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_group_(Germany)" title="Parliamentary group (Germany)">Parliamentary group (Germany)</a></div> <p>The most important organisational structures within the Bundestag are 'factions' (<i>Fraktionen</i>; sing. <i>Fraktion</i>). A parliamentary faction must consist of at least 5% of all members of parliament. Members of parliament from different parties may only join in a group if those parties did not run against each other in any German state during the election. Normally, all parties that surpassed the 5%-threshold build a faction. The <a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Union_of_Germany" title="Christian Democratic Union of Germany">CDU</a> and <a href="/wiki/Christian_Social_Union_of_Bavaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian Social Union of Bavaria">CSU</a> have always formed a joint faction, called <a href="/wiki/CDU/CSU" title="CDU/CSU">CDU/CSU or Union</a>. This is possible, as the CSU only runs in the state of <a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">Bavaria</a> and the CDU only runs in the other 15 states. The size of a faction determines the extent of its representation on committees, the time slots allotted for speaking, the number of committee chairs it can hold, and its representation in executive bodies of the Bundestag. The factions, not the members, receive the bulk of government funding for legislative and administrative activities. </p><p>The leadership of each fraction consists of a parliamentary party leader, several deputy leaders, and an executive committee. The leadership's major responsibilities are to represent the <i>Fraktion</i>, enforce party discipline and orchestrate the party's parliamentary activities. The members of each <i>Fraktion</i> are distributed among <a href="/wiki/Working_group" title="Working group">working groups</a> focused on specific policy-related topics such as social policy, economics, and foreign policy. The <i>Fraktion</i> meets every Tuesday afternoon in the weeks in which the Bundestag is in session to consider legislation before the Bundestag and formulate the party's position on it. </p><p>Parties that do not hold 5% of the Bundestag-seats may be granted the status of a <i><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_group_(Germany)" title="Parliamentary group (Germany)">group</a></i> in the Bundestag; this is decided case by case, as the rules of procedure do not state a fixed number of seats for this. This status entails some privileges which are in general less than those of a faction. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Executive_bodies">Executive bodies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Bundestag&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Executive bodies" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>The Bundestag's executive bodies include the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Elders_of_the_Bundestag_(Germany)" class="mw-redirect" title="Council of Elders of the Bundestag (Germany)">Council of Elders</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Presidium_of_the_Bundestag" title="Presidium of the Bundestag">Presidium</a>. The council consists of the Bundestag leadership, together with the most senior representatives of each <i>Fraktion</i>, with the number of these representatives tied to the strength of the Parliamentary groups in the chamber. The council is the coordination hub, determining the daily legislative agenda and assigning committee chairpersons based on Parliamentary group representation. The council also serves as an important forum for interparty negotiations on specific legislation and procedural issues. The Presidium is responsible for the routine administration of the Bundestag, including its clerical and research activities. It consists of the chamber's president (usually elected from the largest <i>Fraktion</i>) and vice presidents (one from each <i>Fraktion</i>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Committees">Committees</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Bundestag&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Committees" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Most of the legislative work in the Bundestag is the product of standing committees, which exist largely unchanged throughout one legislative period. The number of committees approximates the number of federal ministries, and the titles of each are roughly similar (e.g., defense, agriculture, and labor). There are, as of the current nineteenth Bundestag, 24 standing committees. The distribution of committee chairs and the membership of each committee reflect the relative strength of the various Parliamentary groups in the chamber. In the current nineteenth Bundestag, the <a href="/wiki/CDU/CSU" title="CDU/CSU">CDU/CSU</a> chaired ten committees, the <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Social Democratic Party of Germany">SPD</a> five, the <a href="/wiki/Alternative_for_Germany" title="Alternative for Germany">AfD</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Free_Democratic_Party_(Germany)" title="Free Democratic Party (Germany)">FDP</a> three each, <a href="/wiki/The_Left_(Germany)" title="The Left (Germany)">The Left</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Alliance_90/The_Greens" title="Alliance 90/The Greens">Greens</a> two each. Members of the opposition party can chair a significant number of standing committees (e.g. the budget committee is by tradition chaired by the biggest opposition party). These committees have either a small staff or no staff at all. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administration">Administration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Bundestag&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Administration" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>The members of Bundestag and the presidium are supported by the Bundestag Administration. It is headed by the Director, that reports to the President of the Bundestag. The Bundestag Administrations four departments are Parliament Service, Research, Information / Documentation and Central Affairs. The Bundestag Administration employs around 3,000 employees. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Principle_of_discontinuation">Principle of discontinuation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Bundestag&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Principle of discontinuation" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <p>Following the tradition of German <a href="/wiki/Diet_(assembly)" title="Diet (assembly)">diets</a>, the Bundestag is subject to the <i>principle of discontinuation</i>, meaning that a newly elected Bundestag is legally regarded to be a body and entity completely different from the previous Bundestag. This leads to the result that any motion, application or action submitted to the previous Bundestag, e.g. a bill referred to the Bundestag by the Federal Government, is regarded as void by non-decision (German terminology: "<i>Die Sache fällt der Diskontinuität anheim</i>"). Thus any bill that has not been decided upon by the beginning of the new electoral period must be brought up by the government again if it aims to uphold the motion, this procedure in effect delaying the passage of the bill. Furthermore, any newly elected Bundestag will have to freshly decide on the rules of procedure (<i>Geschäftsordnung</i>), which is done by a formal decision of taking over such rules from the preceding Bundestag by reference. If the succeeding Bundestag convents with same or similar majorities like its predecessor, the parliament can decide to take over earlier initiatives of legislation in the same fashion to abbreviate the process, thus effectively breaking the principle of discontinuation by a pull. The discontinuation of the parliament is the reason why the four-year-long convent is numbered. The current convent is numbered the 20th Bundestag. </p><p>Any Bundestag (even after a snap election) is considered dissolved only once a newly elected Bundestag has actually gathered in order to constitute itself (Article 39 sec. 1 sentence 2 of the Basic Law), which has to happen within 30 days of its election (Article 39 sec. 2 of the Basic Law). Thus, it may happen (and has happened) that the old Bundestag gathers and makes decisions even after the election of a new Bundestag that has not gathered in order to constitute itself. For example, elections to the 16th Bundestag took place on 18 September 2005,<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but the 15th Bundestag still convened after election day to make some decisions on German military engagement abroad,<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was entitled to do so, as the newly elected 16th Bundestag did not convene for the first time until 18 October 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Location">Location</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Bundestag&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Location" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> <p>Also following the tradition of German <a href="/wiki/Diet_(assembly)" title="Diet (assembly)">diets</a>, the German Bundestag can legally convene on any location, domestic and foreign. The Reichstag plenary chamber is not determined by law as the location of the assembly, making it a facility of convenience. Bundestag's predecessor, the <a href="/wiki/Reichstag_(Weimar_Republic)" title="Reichstag (Weimar Republic)">German Reichstag</a>, convened in the <a href="/wiki/Kroll_Opera_House" title="Kroll Opera House">Kroll Opera House</a> in Berlin, after the Reichstag with its then wooden interior and walls burned down in the <a href="/wiki/Reichstag_fire" title="Reichstag fire">Reichstag fire</a>. </p><p>After World War II, the Bundestag did not have own facilities to call home and had to convene in the <a href="/wiki/Bundeshaus_(Bonn)" title="Bundeshaus (Bonn)">Bundeshaus</a> in Bonn together with the <a href="/wiki/German_Bundesrat" title="German Bundesrat">Bundesrat</a>. 1953, the plenary chambers in the Bundeshaus had to be expanded and the Bundestag assembled in a radio building in Cologne. Until 1965, the Bundestag assembled in <a href="/wiki/West_Berlin" title="West Berlin">West Berlin</a> for nine sessions. Seven sessions have been held in the <a href="/wiki/Technische_Universit%C3%A4t_Berlin" title="Technische Universität Berlin">Technische Universität Berlin</a> and two sessions in Berlin's Congress Hall in <a href="/wiki/Tiergarten_(park)" title="Tiergarten (park)">Tiergarten</a>. The assemblies met severe protest from the communist side, the last session even interrupted by <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet</a> aircraft in supersonic low-altitude flight. 1971, the four occupying powers agree to not accept Bundestag assemblies in West Berlin anymore. The Bundestag assembled in the Old Waterworks Building in Bonn when the old plenary chamber had to get broken down, and in the new plenary chamber for only a few years after Germany's reunification. </p><p>The most distinctive assembly of the Bundestag outsite its regular chambers was on 4 October 1990, the day after <a href="/wiki/German_reunification" title="German reunification">German reunification</a>. The Bundestag assembled inside the Reichstag building in Berlin for the first time after 57 years, and remote from its then-regular home in Bonn. Soon after this most memorable assembly, the Bundestag decided to move <a href="/wiki/Decision_on_the_Capital_of_Germany" title="Decision on the Capital of Germany">from Bonn back to Berlin</a> by a law which sets only the city of Berlin to be the home of the Bundestag, not the building. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(12)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Bundestag&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-12 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-12"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_governing_coalition" title="German governing coalition">German governing coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliamentwatch" title="Parliamentwatch">Parliamentwatch</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(13)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Bundestag&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-13 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-13"> <p><b>Informational notes</b> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-vp_afd-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-vp_afd_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Rules of Procedure of the Bundestag (German: <i>Geschäftsordnung</i>) allocate one Vice-President to each political group (<i>Fraktion</i>). However, each candidate must still be elected by a parliamentary majority. Due to the candidates put forth by the AfD and their unanimous rejection by all other parties, no AfD candidate has reached such a majority.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Though the by-laws of the Bundestag do not mention such a position, the leader of the largest opposition <i>Fraktion</i> is called leader of the opposition by convention.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Articles 38 to 49</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Article 38 Section 1 <i>Grundgesetz</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Paragraph 1 Section 1 of the Federal Elections Act (<i>Bundeswahlgesetz</i>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">German Citizens are defined in Article 116 <i>Grundgesetz</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-law_eligibility-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-law_eligibility_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Article 38 Section 2 <i><a href="/wiki/Grundgesetz" class="mw-redirect" title="Grundgesetz">Grundgesetz</a></i>: Any person who has attained the age of eighteen shall be entitled to vote; any person who has attained the age of majority may be elected.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Prior to 1976, there could be a period where one Bundestag had been dissolved and the next Bundestag could not be convened; during this period, the rights of the Bundestag were exercised by a so-called "Permanent Committee".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Before 2023, overhang seats were added for the surplus constituency seats a party had won, and levelling seats added to maintain the proportional share of other parties. Levelling seats were also added to maintain the proportional share of seats between different states.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CDU/CSU-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CDU/CSU_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CDU/CSU_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">The Christian Democratic Union and the Christian Social Union of Bavaria do not compete against each other in the same states and form one group within the Bundestag.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SSW-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SSW_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">As reflected by the <a href="/wiki/Electoral_threshold_in_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Electoral threshold in Germany">electoral threshold in Germany</a>, parties are usually required to meet a threshold of at least 5% of nationwide votes or win at least 3 constituency seats; the SSW got a seat as a representative of a recognised minority group (in their case, Danes and Frisians), an exception enshrined into German electoral law.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">1983 to 1994 The Greens and 1990 to 1994 <a href="/wiki/Alliance_90" title="Alliance 90">Alliance 90</a>, since 1994 <a href="/wiki/Alliance_%2790/The_Greens" class="mw-redirect" title="Alliance '90/The Greens">Alliance 90/The Greens</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">1990 to 2005 <a href="/wiki/Partei_des_Demokratischen_Sozialismus" class="mw-redirect" title="Partei des Demokratischen Sozialismus">PDS</a> (Party of Democratic Socialism), 2005 to 2007 <a href="/wiki/The_Left_Party.PDS" class="mw-redirect" title="The Left Party.PDS">The Left Party.PDS</a>, since 2007 <a href="/wiki/The_Left_(Germany)" title="The Left (Germany)">The Left</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/German_Party_(1947)" title="German Party (1947)">DP</a> 17, <a href="/wiki/Bavaria_Party" title="Bavaria Party">BP</a> 17, <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Germany" title="Communist Party of Germany">KPD</a> 15, <a href="/wiki/Economic_Reconstruction_Union" title="Economic Reconstruction Union">WAV</a> 12, <a href="/wiki/Centre_Party_(Germany)" title="Centre Party (Germany)">Centre Party</a> 10, <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Rechtspartei" class="mw-redirect" title="Deutsche Rechtspartei">DKP-DRP</a> 5, <a href="/wiki/South_Schleswig_Voter_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="South Schleswig Voter Federation">SSW</a> 1, <a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independents</a> 3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/German_Party_(1947)" title="German Party (1947)">DP</a> 15, <a href="/wiki/All-German_Bloc/League_of_Expellees_and_Deprived_of_Rights" title="All-German Bloc/League of Expellees and Deprived of Rights">GB/BHE</a> 27, <a href="/wiki/Centre_Party_(Germany)" title="Centre Party (Germany)">Centre Party</a> 3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/German_Party_(1947)" title="German Party (1947)">DP</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The FDP lost a seat in the repeat of a small part of the election in 2024.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/South_Schleswig_Voters%27_Association" title="South Schleswig Voters' Association">SSW</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Resigned for medical reasons</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Died in office</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-politres-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-politres_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-politres_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-politres_36-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Resigned for political reasons</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">First woman to hold the post</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Elected <a href="/wiki/President_of_Germany" title="President of Germany">President of Germany</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> </div> <p><b>Citations</b> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bundestag.de/mdb">"Deutscher Bundestag - Abgeordnete"</a>. <i>Deutscher Bundestag</i> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Deutscher+Bundestag&rft.atitle=Deutscher+Bundestag+-+Abgeordnete&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bundestag.de%2Fmdb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABundestag" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zdf.de/nachrichten/politik/andreas-scheuer-bundestag-mandat-niederlegung-100.html">"Scheuer legt Mandat nieder: Warum sein Sitz nun leer bleibt"</a>. <i>ZDFheute</i> (in German). 2 April 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ZDFheute&rft.atitle=Scheuer+legt+Mandat+nieder%3A+Warum+sein+Sitz+nun+leer+bleibt&rft.date=2024-04-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zdf.de%2Fnachrichten%2Fpolitik%2Fandreas-scheuer-bundestag-mandat-niederlegung-100.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABundestag" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMayer2021" class="citation web cs1">Mayer, Tilman (14 July 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.focus.de/politik/deutschland/bundestagswahl/btw21-frag-mayer-das-groesste-parlament-der-welt-warum-sich-der-bundestag-immer-weiter-aufblaeht_id_13492686.html">"Das größte Parlament der Welt wächst und wächst: Politik bläht Bundestag immer weiter auf"</a>. <i>FOCUS online</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221002063118/https://www.focus.de/politik/deutschland/bundestagswahl/btw21-frag-mayer-das-groesste-parlament-der-welt-warum-sich-der-bundestag-immer-weiter-aufblaeht_id_13492686.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 October</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Verk%C3%BCrzte+Fristen+zur+vorgezogenen+Neuwahl+des+Deutschen+Bundestages&rft.pub=Bundeswahlleiter&rft.date=2005-07-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bundeswahlleiter.de%2Fwahlen%2Fpm-wahl-16-dbt%2Fpd040211.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABundestag" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dip21.bundestag.de/dip21/btp/15/15187.pdf">"Stenographischer Bericht der 187. Sitzung des 15. Deutschen Bundestages am 28. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 October</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Deutscher+Bundestag&rft.atitle=Stenographischer+Bericht+der+1.+Sitzung+des+16.+Deutschen+Bundestages+am+18.+Oktober+2005&rft.date=2005-10-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdip21.bundestag.de%2Fdip21%2Fbtp%2F16%2F16001.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABundestag" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(14)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Bundestag&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Bundestag&params=52_31_07_N_13_22_34_E_source:nlwiki"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">52°31′07″N</span> <span class="longitude">13°22′34″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">52.51861°N 13.37611°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">52.51861; 13.37611</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=mobile&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bundestag&oldid=1277538463">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bundestag&oldid=1277538463</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Bundestag&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> <span 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mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutscher_Bundestag" title="Deutscher Bundestag – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Deutscher Bundestag" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%BA" title="بوندستاغ – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بوندستاغ" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundestag" title="Bundestag – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Bundestag" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%BF%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%A9%D5%A1%D5%AF" title="Պունտեսթակ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Պունտեսթակ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundestag" title="Bundestag – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Bundestag" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundestaq" title="Bundestaq – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Bundestaq" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tek-kok_Li%C3%A2n-pang_G%C4%AB-h%C5%8De" title="Tek-kok Liân-pang Gī-hōe – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tek-kok Liân-pang Gī-hōe" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Бундэстаг – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Бундэстаг" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Бундэстаг – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Бундэстаг" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B3_(%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Бундестаг (Германия) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Бундестаг (Германия)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundestag" title="Bundestag – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Bundestag" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundestag" title="Bundestag – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Bundestag" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Бундестаг – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Бундестаг" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundestag" title="Bundestag – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Bundestag" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C4%9Bmeck%C3%BD_spolkov%C3%BD_sn%C4%9Bm" title="Německý spolkový sněm – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Německý spolkový sněm" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forbundsdagen" title="Forbundsdagen – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Forbundsdagen" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutscher_Bundestag" title="Deutscher Bundestag – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Deutscher Bundestag" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zw%C4%9Bzkowy_sejm" title="Zwězkowy sejm – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Zwězkowy sejm" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liidup%C3%A4ev" title="Liidupäev – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Liidupäev" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%BA" title="Μπούντεσταγκ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μπούντεσταγκ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundestag" title="Bundestag – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bundestag" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federacia_Parlamento_(Germanio)" title="Federacia Parlamento (Germanio) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Federacia Parlamento (Germanio)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundestag" title="Bundestag – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bundestag" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%DA%AF" title="بوندستاگ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بوندستاگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundestag" title="Bundestag – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bundestag" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundestag_de_Gjermanie" title="Bundestag de Gjermanie – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Bundestag de Gjermanie" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundestag" title="Bundestag – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Bundestag" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8F%85%EC%9D%BC_%EC%97%B0%EB%B0%A9%EC%9D%98%ED%9A%8C" title="독일 연방의회 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="독일 연방의회" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%A9%D5%A1%D5%A3" title="Բունդեսթագ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բունդեսթագ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zwjazkowy_sejm" title="Zwjazkowy sejm – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Zwjazkowy sejm" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundestag" title="Bundestag – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Bundestag" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundestag" title="Bundestag – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bundestag" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundestag" title="Bundestag – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Bundestag" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%90%D7%92" title="בונדסטאג – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בונדסטאג" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%92%E1%83%98" title="ბუნდესტაგი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბუნდესტაგი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Бундестаг – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Бундестаг" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundestag" title="Bundestag – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Bundestag" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dieta_foederalis_Germaniae" title="Dieta foederalis Germaniae – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Dieta foederalis Germaniae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundest%C4%81gs" title="Bundestāgs – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Bundestāgs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A4itsche_Bundestag" title="Däitsche Bundestag – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Däitsche Bundestag" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundestagas" title="Bundestagas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Bundestagas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dieta_Federal_(Germania)" title="Dieta Federal (Germania) – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Dieta Federal (Germania)" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundestag" title="Bundestag – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Bundestag" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Бундестаг – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Бундестаг" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97" title="बुंडेश्टाग – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="बुंडेश्टाग" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%92%E1%83%98" title="ბუნდესტაგი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ბუნდესტაგი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AC_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="بوندستاج المانيا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بوندستاج المانيا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundestag" title="Bundestag – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bundestag" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Бундестаг – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Бундестаг" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bondsdag" title="Bondsdag – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bondsdag" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95" title="बुन्डेसटाक – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="बुन्डेसटाक" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%89%E3%82%A4%E3%83%84%E9%80%A3%E9%82%A6%E8%AD%B0%E4%BC%9A" title="ドイツ連邦議会 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ドイツ連邦議会" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjiisk_Bundesdai" title="Sjiisk Bundesdai – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Sjiisk Bundesdai" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forbundsdagen" title="Forbundsdagen – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Forbundsdagen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forbundsdagen" title="Forbundsdagen – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Forbundsdagen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundestag" title="Bundestag – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Bundestag" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundestag" title="Bundestag – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Bundestag" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BC%C3%BCtsch_Bundsdag" title="Düütsch Bundsdag – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Düütsch Bundsdag" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundestag" title="Bundestag – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bundestag" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundestag" title="Bundestag – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Bundestag" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundestag" title="Bundestag – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Bundestag" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Бундестаг – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бундестаг" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundestag" title="Bundestag – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Bundestag" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buundesdai" title="Buundesdai – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Buundesdai" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundestag" title="Bundestag – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Bundestag" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Bundestag" title="German Bundestag – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="German Bundestag" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nemeck%C3%BD_spolkov%C3%BD_snem" title="Nemecký spolkový snem – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Nemecký spolkový snem" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8E%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%DA%AF" title="بوندێستاگ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بوندێستاگ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Бундестаг – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Бундестаг" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundestag" title="Bundestag – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Bundestag" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saksan_liittop%C3%A4iv%C3%A4t" title="Saksan liittopäivät – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Saksan liittopäivät" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B6rbundsdagen" title="Förbundsdagen – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Förbundsdagen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundestag" title="Bundestag – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Bundestag" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundestag" title="Bundestag – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Bundestag" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84" title="บุนเดิสทาค – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="บุนเดิสทาค" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Бундестаг – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Бундестаг" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alman_Federal_Meclisi" title="Alman Federal Meclisi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Alman Federal Meclisi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Бундестаг – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Бундестаг" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundestag" title="Bundestag – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Bundestag" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%E1%BB%91c_h%E1%BB%99i_Li%C3%AAn_bang_%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c" title="Quốc hội Liên bang Đức – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Quốc hội Liên bang Đức" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E8%AE%AE%E9%99%A2" title="德国联邦议院 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="德国联邦议院" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B%E8%81%AF%E9%82%A6%E8%AD%B0%E9%99%A2" title="德國聯邦議院 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="德國聯邦議院" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E8%AE%AE%E9%99%A2" title="德国联邦议院 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="德国联邦议院" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 25 February 2025, at 07:01<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available 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