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octicon-link-external HeaderMenu-external-icon color-fg-subtle"> <path d="M3.75 2h3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-3.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v8.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h8.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v3.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 12.25 14h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 2 12.25v-8.5C2 2.784 2.784 2 3.75 2Zm6.854-1h4.146a.25.25 0 0 1 .25.25v4.146a.25.25 0 0 1-.427.177L13.03 4.03 9.28 7.78a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042l3.75-3.75-1.543-1.543A.25.25 0 0 1 10.604 1Z"></path> </svg> </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary Link--external" target="_blank" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"blog","context":"product","tag":"link","label":"blog_link_product_navbar"}" href="https://github.blog"> Blog <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-link-external HeaderMenu-external-icon color-fg-subtle"> <path d="M3.75 2h3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-3.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v8.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h8.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v3.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 12.25 14h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 2 12.25v-8.5C2 2.784 2.784 2 3.75 2Zm6.854-1h4.146a.25.25 0 0 1 .25.25v4.146a.25.25 0 0 1-.427.177L13.03 4.03 9.28 7.78a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042l3.75-3.75-1.543-1.543A.25.25 0 0 1 10.604 1Z"></path> </svg> </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="HeaderMenu-item position-relative flex-wrap flex-justify-between flex-items-center d-block d-lg-flex flex-lg-nowrap flex-lg-items-center js-details-container js-header-menu-item"> <button type="button" class="HeaderMenu-link border-0 width-full width-lg-auto px-0 px-lg-2 py-lg-2 no-wrap d-flex flex-items-center flex-justify-between js-details-target" aria-expanded="false"> Solutions <svg opacity="0.5" aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-chevron-down HeaderMenu-icon ml-1"> <path d="M12.78 5.22a.749.749 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.749.749 0 0 1-1.06 0L3.22 6.28a.749.749 0 1 1 1.06-1.06L8 8.939l3.72-3.719a.749.749 0 0 1 1.06 0Z"></path> </svg> </button> <div class="HeaderMenu-dropdown dropdown-menu rounded m-0 p-0 pt-2 pt-lg-4 position-relative position-lg-absolute left-0 left-lg-n3 d-lg-flex flex-wrap dropdown-menu-wide"> <div class="HeaderMenu-column px-lg-4 border-lg-right mb-4 mb-lg-0 pr-lg-7"> <div class="border-bottom pb-3 pb-lg-0 border-lg-bottom-0 pb-lg-3 mb-3 mb-lg-0"> <span class="d-block h4 color-fg-default my-1" id="solutions-by-company-size-heading">By company size</span> <ul class="list-style-none f5" aria-labelledby="solutions-by-company-size-heading"> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"enterprises","context":"solutions","tag":"link","label":"enterprises_link_solutions_navbar"}" href="https://github.com/enterprise"> Enterprises </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"small_and_medium_teams","context":"solutions","tag":"link","label":"small_and_medium_teams_link_solutions_navbar"}" href="https://github.com/team"> Small and medium teams </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"startups","context":"solutions","tag":"link","label":"startups_link_solutions_navbar"}" href="https://github.com/enterprise/startups"> Startups </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"nonprofits","context":"solutions","tag":"link","label":"nonprofits_link_solutions_navbar"}" href="/solutions/industry/nonprofits"> Nonprofits </a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="border-bottom pb-3 pb-lg-0 border-lg-bottom-0"> <span class="d-block h4 color-fg-default my-1" id="solutions-by-use-case-heading">By use case</span> <ul class="list-style-none f5" aria-labelledby="solutions-by-use-case-heading"> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"devsecops","context":"solutions","tag":"link","label":"devsecops_link_solutions_navbar"}" href="/solutions/use-case/devsecops"> DevSecOps </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"devops","context":"solutions","tag":"link","label":"devops_link_solutions_navbar"}" href="/solutions/use-case/devops"> DevOps </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"ci_cd","context":"solutions","tag":"link","label":"ci_cd_link_solutions_navbar"}" href="/solutions/use-case/ci-cd"> CI/CD </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"view_all_use_cases","context":"solutions","tag":"link","label":"view_all_use_cases_link_solutions_navbar"}" href="/solutions/use-case"> View all use cases </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="HeaderMenu-column px-lg-4"> <div class="border-bottom pb-3 pb-lg-0 border-lg-bottom-0"> <span class="d-block h4 color-fg-default my-1" id="solutions-by-industry-heading">By industry</span> <ul class="list-style-none f5" aria-labelledby="solutions-by-industry-heading"> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"healthcare","context":"solutions","tag":"link","label":"healthcare_link_solutions_navbar"}" href="/solutions/industry/healthcare"> Healthcare </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"financial_services","context":"solutions","tag":"link","label":"financial_services_link_solutions_navbar"}" href="/solutions/industry/financial-services"> Financial services </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"manufacturing","context":"solutions","tag":"link","label":"manufacturing_link_solutions_navbar"}" href="/solutions/industry/manufacturing"> Manufacturing </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"government","context":"solutions","tag":"link","label":"government_link_solutions_navbar"}" href="/solutions/industry/government"> Government </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"view_all_industries","context":"solutions","tag":"link","label":"view_all_industries_link_solutions_navbar"}" href="/solutions/industry"> View all industries </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="HeaderMenu-trailing-link rounded-bottom-2 flex-shrink-0 mt-lg-4 px-lg-4 py-4 py-lg-3 f5 text-semibold"> <a href="/solutions"> View all solutions <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-chevron-right HeaderMenu-trailing-link-icon"> <path d="M6.22 3.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0l4.25 4.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 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d-lg-flex flex-wrap dropdown-menu-wide"> <div class="HeaderMenu-column px-lg-4 border-lg-right mb-4 mb-lg-0 pr-lg-7"> <div class="border-bottom pb-3 pb-lg-0 border-lg-bottom-0"> <span class="d-block h4 color-fg-default my-1" id="resources-topics-heading">Topics</span> <ul class="list-style-none f5" aria-labelledby="resources-topics-heading"> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"ai","context":"resources","tag":"link","label":"ai_link_resources_navbar"}" href="/resources/articles/ai"> AI </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"devops","context":"resources","tag":"link","label":"devops_link_resources_navbar"}" href="/resources/articles/devops"> DevOps </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"security","context":"resources","tag":"link","label":"security_link_resources_navbar"}" href="/resources/articles/security"> Security </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"software_development","context":"resources","tag":"link","label":"software_development_link_resources_navbar"}" href="/resources/articles/software-development"> Software Development </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"view_all","context":"resources","tag":"link","label":"view_all_link_resources_navbar"}" href="/resources/articles"> View all </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="HeaderMenu-column px-lg-4"> <div class="border-bottom pb-3 pb-lg-0 border-lg-bottom-0 border-bottom-0"> <span class="d-block h4 color-fg-default my-1" id="resources-explore-heading">Explore</span> <ul class="list-style-none f5" aria-labelledby="resources-explore-heading"> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary Link--external" target="_blank" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"learning_pathways","context":"resources","tag":"link","label":"learning_pathways_link_resources_navbar"}" href="https://resources.github.com/learn/pathways"> Learning Pathways <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-link-external HeaderMenu-external-icon color-fg-subtle"> <path d="M3.75 2h3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-3.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v8.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h8.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v3.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 12.25 14h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 2 12.25v-8.5C2 2.784 2.784 2 3.75 2Zm6.854-1h4.146a.25.25 0 0 1 .25.25v4.146a.25.25 0 0 1-.427.177L13.03 4.03 9.28 7.78a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042l3.75-3.75-1.543-1.543A.25.25 0 0 1 10.604 1Z"></path> </svg> </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary Link--external" target="_blank" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"events_amp_webinars","context":"resources","tag":"link","label":"events_amp_webinars_link_resources_navbar"}" href="https://resources.github.com"> Events & Webinars <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-link-external HeaderMenu-external-icon color-fg-subtle"> <path d="M3.75 2h3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-3.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v8.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h8.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v3.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 12.25 14h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 2 12.25v-8.5C2 2.784 2.784 2 3.75 2Zm6.854-1h4.146a.25.25 0 0 1 .25.25v4.146a.25.25 0 0 1-.427.177L13.03 4.03 9.28 7.78a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042l3.75-3.75-1.543-1.543A.25.25 0 0 1 10.604 1Z"></path> </svg> </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"ebooks_amp_whitepapers","context":"resources","tag":"link","label":"ebooks_amp_whitepapers_link_resources_navbar"}" href="https://github.com/resources/whitepapers"> Ebooks & Whitepapers </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"customer_stories","context":"resources","tag":"link","label":"customer_stories_link_resources_navbar"}" href="https://github.com/customer-stories"> Customer Stories </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary Link--external" target="_blank" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"partners","context":"resources","tag":"link","label":"partners_link_resources_navbar"}" href="https://partner.github.com"> Partners <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-link-external HeaderMenu-external-icon color-fg-subtle"> <path d="M3.75 2h3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-3.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v8.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h8.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v3.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 12.25 14h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 2 12.25v-8.5C2 2.784 2.784 2 3.75 2Zm6.854-1h4.146a.25.25 0 0 1 .25.25v4.146a.25.25 0 0 1-.427.177L13.03 4.03 9.28 7.78a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042l3.75-3.75-1.543-1.543A.25.25 0 0 1 10.604 1Z"></path> </svg> </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"executive_insights","context":"resources","tag":"link","label":"executive_insights_link_resources_navbar"}" href="https://github.com/solutions/executive-insights"> Executive Insights </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="HeaderMenu-item position-relative flex-wrap flex-justify-between flex-items-center d-block d-lg-flex flex-lg-nowrap flex-lg-items-center js-details-container js-header-menu-item"> <button type="button" class="HeaderMenu-link border-0 width-full width-lg-auto px-0 px-lg-2 py-lg-2 no-wrap d-flex flex-items-center flex-justify-between js-details-target" aria-expanded="false"> Open Source <svg opacity="0.5" aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-chevron-down HeaderMenu-icon ml-1"> <path d="M12.78 5.22a.749.749 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.749.749 0 0 1-1.06 0L3.22 6.28a.749.749 0 1 1 1.06-1.06L8 8.939l3.72-3.719a.749.749 0 0 1 1.06 0Z"></path> </svg> </button> <div class="HeaderMenu-dropdown dropdown-menu rounded m-0 p-0 pt-2 pt-lg-4 position-relative position-lg-absolute left-0 left-lg-n3 pb-2 pb-lg-4 px-lg-4"> <div class="HeaderMenu-column"> <div class="border-bottom pb-3 pb-lg-0 pb-lg-3 mb-3 mb-lg-0 mb-lg-3"> <ul class="list-style-none f5" > <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary d-flex flex-items-center Link--has-description" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"github_sponsors","context":"open_source","tag":"link","label":"github_sponsors_link_open_source_navbar"}" href="/sponsors"> <div> <div class="color-fg-default h4">GitHub Sponsors</div> Fund open source developers </div> </a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="border-bottom pb-3 pb-lg-0 pb-lg-3 mb-3 mb-lg-0 mb-lg-3"> <ul class="list-style-none f5" > <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary d-flex flex-items-center Link--has-description" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"the_readme_project","context":"open_source","tag":"link","label":"the_readme_project_link_open_source_navbar"}" href="https://github.com/readme"> <div> <div class="color-fg-default h4">The ReadME Project</div> GitHub community articles </div> </a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="border-bottom pb-3 pb-lg-0 border-bottom-0"> <span class="d-block h4 color-fg-default my-1" id="open-source-repositories-heading">Repositories</span> <ul class="list-style-none f5" aria-labelledby="open-source-repositories-heading"> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"topics","context":"open_source","tag":"link","label":"topics_link_open_source_navbar"}" href="https://github.com/topics"> Topics </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" 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I have updated it to support MQTT protocol.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch1 id=\"user-content-nng-nanomsg-next-gen\" tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003enng - nanomsg-next-gen\u003c/h1\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-nng---nanomsg-next-gen\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: nng - nanomsg-next-gen\" href=\"#nng---nanomsg-next-gen\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 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style=\"max-width: 100%;\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://nng.nanomsg.org/man\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://camo.githubusercontent.com/6601c18319e9b85f340824415f833629dd5eadca797a04f439c487466a0ba7ad/68747470733a2f2f696d672e736869656c64732e696f2f7374617469632f76313f6c6162656c3d266d6573736167653d646f6373266c6f676f3d6173636969646f63746f72266c6f676f436f6c6f723d73696c76657226636f6c6f723d626c7565\" alt=\"Manual\" data-canonical-src=\"https://img.shields.io/static/v1?label=\u0026amp;message=docs\u0026amp;logo=asciidoctor\u0026amp;logoColor=silver\u0026amp;color=blue\" style=\"max-width: 100%;\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/nanomsg/nng/blob/master/LICENSE.txt\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://camo.githubusercontent.com/5fcc1449f25ded7ce80595b3893b15c58f6506089e2d41883f1a605d52939799/68747470733a2f2f696d672e736869656c64732e696f2f6769746875622f6c6963656e73652f6e616e6f6d73672f6e6e672e7376673f6c6f676f436f6c6f723d73696c766572266c6f676f3d6f70656e2d736f757263652d696e6974696174697665266c6162656c3d26636f6c6f723d626c7565\" alt=\"MIT License\" data-canonical-src=\"https://img.shields.io/github/license/nanomsg/nng.svg?logoColor=silver\u0026amp;logo=open-source-initiative\u0026amp;label=\u0026amp;color=blue\" style=\"max-width: 100%;\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/nanomsg/nng/releases\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://camo.githubusercontent.com/1742b6f817d35bcc4611e8790683424556f27ed9d6f9de657eddef8f2c0c3696/68747470733a2f2f696d672e736869656c64732e696f2f6769746875622f762f7461672f6e616e6f6d73672f6e6e672e7376673f6c6f676f3d676974687562266c6162656c3d\" alt=\"Latest version\" data-canonical-src=\"https://img.shields.io/github/v/tag/nanomsg/nng.svg?logo=github\u0026amp;label=\" style=\"max-width: 100%;\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cmarkdown-accessiblity-table\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cdiv dir=\"auto\"\u003eℹ️\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\nIf you are looking for the legacy version of nanomsg, please\nsee the \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/nanomsg/nanomsg\"\u003enanomsg\u003c/a\u003e repository.\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/markdown-accessiblity-table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThis project is a rewrite of the Scalability Protocols\nlibrary known as \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/nanomsg/nanomsg\"\u003elibnanomsg\u003c/a\u003e,\nand adds significant new capabilities, while retaining\ncompatibility with the original.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIt may help to think of this as \"nanomsg-next-generation\".\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 id=\"user-content-nng-lightweight-messaging-library\" tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eNNG: Lightweight Messaging Library\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-nng-lightweight-messaging-library\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: NNG: Lightweight Messaging Library\" href=\"#nng-lightweight-messaging-library\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eNNG, like its predecessors \u003ca href=\"http://nanomsg.org\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003enanomsg\u003c/a\u003e (and to some extent\n\u003ca href=\"http://zeromq.org/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eZeroMQ\u003c/a\u003e), is a lightweight, broker-less library,\noffering a simple API to solve common recurring messaging problems,\nsuch as publish/subscribe, RPC-style request/reply, or service discovery.\nThe API frees the programmer from worrying about details like connection\nmanagement, retries, and other common considerations, so that they\ncan focus on the application instead of the plumbing.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eNNG is implemented in C, requiring only C99 and CMake to build.\nIt can be built as a shared or a static library, and is readily\nembeddable. It is also designed to be easy to port to new platforms\nif your platform is not already supported.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 id=\"user-content-license\" tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eLicense\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-license\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: License\" href=\"#license\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eNNG is licensed under a liberal, and commercial friendly, MIT license.\nThe goal to the license is to minimize friction in adoption, use, and\ncontribution.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 id=\"user-content-enhancements-relative-to-nanomsg\" tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eEnhancements (Relative to nanomsg)\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-enhancements-relative-to-nanomsg\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Enhancements (Relative to nanomsg)\" href=\"#enhancements-relative-to-nanomsg\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eHere are areas where this project improves on \"nanomsg\":\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cmarkdown-accessiblity-table\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eReliability\u003c/strong\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eNNG is designed for production use from the beginning. Every\nerror case is considered, and it is designed to avoid crashing except in cases\nof gross developer error. (Hopefully we don’t have any of these in our own\ncode.)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eScalability\u003c/strong\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eNNG scales out to engage multiple cores using a bespoke\nasynchronous I/O framework, using thread pools to spread load without\nexceeding typical system limits.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMaintainability\u003c/strong\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eNNG’s architecture is designed to be modular and\neasily grasped by developers unfamiliar with the code base. The code\nis also well documented.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eExtensibility\u003c/strong\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eBecause it avoids ties to file descriptors, and avoids\nconfusing interlocking state machines, it is easier to add new protocols\nand transports to NNG. This was demonstrated by the addition of the\nTLS and ZeroTier transports.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSecurity\u003c/strong\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eNNG provides TLS 1.2 and ZeroTier transports, offering\nsupport for robust and industry standard authentication and encryption.\nIn addition, it is hardened to be resilient against malicious attackers,\nwith special consideration given to use in a hostile Internet.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eUsability\u003c/strong\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eNNG eschews slavish adherence parts of the more complex and\nless well understood POSIX APIs, while adopting the semantics that are\nfamiliar and useful. New APIs are intuitive, and the optional support\nfor separating protocol context and state from sockets makes creating\nconcurrent applications vastly simpler than previously possible.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/markdown-accessiblity-table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 id=\"user-content-compatibility\" tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eCompatibility\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-compatibility\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Compatibility\" href=\"#compatibility\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThis project offers both wire compatibility and API compatibility,\nso most nanomsg users can begin using NNG right away.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eExisting nanomsg and \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/nanomsg/mangos\"\u003emangos\u003c/a\u003e applications\ncan inter-operate with NNG applications automatically.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThat said, there are some areas where legacy nanomsg still offers\ncapabilities NNG lacks — specifically enhanced observability with\nstatistics, and tunable prioritization of different destinations\nare missing, but will be added in a future release.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eAdditionally, some API capabilities that are useful for foreign\nlanguage bindings are not implemented yet.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eSome simple single threaded, synchronous applications may perform better under\nlegacy nanomsg than under NNG. (We believe that these applications are the\nleast commonly deployed, and least interesting from a performance perspective.\nNNG’s internal design is slightly less efficient in such scenarios, but it\ngreatly benefits when concurrency or when multiple sockets or network peers\nare involved.)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 id=\"user-content-supported-platforms\" tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eSupported Platforms\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-supported-platforms\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Supported Platforms\" href=\"#supported-platforms\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eNNG supports Linux, macOS, Windows (Vista or better), illumos, Solaris,\nFreeBSD, Android, and iOS. Most other POSIX platforms should work out of\nthe box but have not been tested. Very old versions of otherwise supported\nplatforms might not work.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 id=\"user-content-requirements\" tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eRequirements\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-requirements\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Requirements\" href=\"#requirements\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eTo build this project, you will need a C99 compatible compiler and\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.cmake.org\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eCMake\u003c/a\u003e version 3.13 or newer.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eWe recommend using the \u003ca href=\"https://ninja-build.org\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eNinja\u003c/a\u003e build\nsystem (pass \"-G Ninja\" to CMake) when you can.\n(And not just because Ninja sounds like \"NNG\" — it’s also\nblindingly fast and has made our lives as developers measurably better.)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIf you want to build with TLS support you will also need\n\u003ca href=\"https://tls.mbed.org\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eMbed TLS\u003c/a\u003e. See \u003ca href=\"/nanomq/NanoNNG/blob/main/docs/BUILD_TLS.adoc\"\u003edocs/BUILD_TLS.adoc\u003c/a\u003e for details.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 id=\"user-content-quick-start\" tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eQuick Start\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-quick-start\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Quick Start\" href=\"#quick-start\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eWith a Linux or UNIX environment:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-shell notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\" $ mkdir build\n $ cd build\n $ cmake -G Ninja ..\n $ ninja\n $ ninja test\n $ ninja install\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e $ mkdir build\n $ \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003ecd\u003c/span\u003e build\n $ cmake -G Ninja ..\n $ ninja\n $ ninja \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003etest\u003c/span\u003e\n $ ninja install\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 id=\"user-content-api-documentation\" tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eAPI Documentation\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-api-documentation\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: API Documentation\" href=\"#api-documentation\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe API documentation is provided in Asciidoc format in the\n\u003ccode\u003edocs/man\u003c/code\u003e subdirectory, and also\n\u003ca href=\"https://nanomsg.github.io/nng\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eonline\u003c/a\u003e.\nThe \u003ca href=\"/nanomq/NanoNNG/blob/main/docs/man/nng.7.adoc\"\u003enng(7)\u003c/a\u003e page provides a conceptual overview and links to\nmanuals for various patterns.\nThe \u003ca href=\"/nanomq/NanoNNG/blob/main/docs/man/libnng.3.adoc\"\u003elibnng(3)\u003c/a\u003e page is a good starting point for the API reference.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eYou can also purchase a copy of the\n\u003ca href=\"http://staysail.tech/books/nng_reference/index.html\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eNNG Reference Manual\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e.\n(It is published in both electronic and printed formats.)\nPurchases of the book help fund continued development of NNG.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 id=\"user-content-example-programs\" tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eExample Programs\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-example-programs\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Example Programs\" href=\"#example-programs\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eSome demonstration programs have been created to help serve as examples.\nThese are located in the \u003ccode\u003edemo\u003c/code\u003e directory.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 id=\"user-content-legacy-compatibility\" tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eLegacy Compatibility\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-legacy-compatibility\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Legacy Compatibility\" href=\"#legacy-compatibility\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eA legacy \u003ccode\u003elibnanomsg\u003c/code\u003e compatible API is available, and while it offers\nless capability than the modern NNG API, it may serve as a transition aid.\nPlease see \u003ca href=\"/nanomq/NanoNNG/blob/main/docs/man/nng_compat.3compat.adoc\"\u003enng_compat(3)\u003c/a\u003e for details.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 id=\"user-content-commercial-support\" tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eCommercial Support\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-commercial-support\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Commercial Support\" href=\"#commercial-support\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eCommercial support for NNG is available.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003ePlease contact \u003ca href=\"mailto:info@staysail.tech?subject=Inc.\"\u003eStaysail Systems\u003c/a\u003e to\ninquire further.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 id=\"user-content-commercial-sponsors\" tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eCommercial Sponsors\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-commercial-sponsors\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Commercial Sponsors\" href=\"#commercial-sponsors\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe development of NNG has been made possible through the generous\nsponsorship of \u003ca href=\"https://www.capitar.com\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eCapitar IT Group BV\u003c/a\u003e and\n\u003ca href=\"http://staysail.tech\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eStaysail Systems, Inc.\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/article\u003e","loaded":true,"timedOut":false,"errorMessage":null,"headerInfo":{"toc":[{"level":1,"text":"nng - nanomsg-next-gen","anchor":"nng---nanomsg-next-gen","htmlText":"nng - nanomsg-next-gen"},{"level":2,"text":"NNG: Lightweight Messaging Library","anchor":"nng-lightweight-messaging-library","htmlText":"NNG: Lightweight Messaging Library"},{"level":2,"text":"License","anchor":"license","htmlText":"License"},{"level":2,"text":"Enhancements (Relative to nanomsg)","anchor":"enhancements-relative-to-nanomsg","htmlText":"Enhancements (Relative to nanomsg)"},{"level":2,"text":"Compatibility","anchor":"compatibility","htmlText":"Compatibility"},{"level":2,"text":"Supported Platforms","anchor":"supported-platforms","htmlText":"Supported Platforms"},{"level":2,"text":"Requirements","anchor":"requirements","htmlText":"Requirements"},{"level":2,"text":"Quick Start","anchor":"quick-start","htmlText":"Quick Start"},{"level":2,"text":"API Documentation","anchor":"api-documentation","htmlText":"API Documentation"},{"level":2,"text":"Example Programs","anchor":"example-programs","htmlText":"Example Programs"},{"level":2,"text":"Legacy Compatibility","anchor":"legacy-compatibility","htmlText":"Legacy Compatibility"},{"level":2,"text":"Commercial Support","anchor":"commercial-support","htmlText":"Commercial Support"},{"level":2,"text":"Commercial Sponsors","anchor":"commercial-sponsors","htmlText":"Commercial Sponsors"}],"siteNavLoginPath":"/login?return_to=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fnanomq%2FNanoNNG"}},{"displayName":"LICENSE.txt","repoName":"NanoNNG","refName":"main","path":"LICENSE.txt","preferredFileType":"license","tabName":"MIT","richText":null,"loaded":false,"timedOut":false,"errorMessage":null,"headerInfo":{"toc":null,"siteNavLoginPath":"/login?return_to=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fnanomq%2FNanoNNG"}}],"overviewFilesProcessingTime":0}},"appPayload":{"helpUrl":"https://docs.github.com","findFileWorkerPath":"/assets-cdn/worker/find-file-worker-7d7eb7c71814.js","findInFileWorkerPath":"/assets-cdn/worker/find-in-file-worker-708ec8ade250.js","githubDevUrl":null,"enabled_features":{"copilot_workspace":null,"code_nav_ui_events":false,"overview_shared_code_dropdown_button":true,"react_blob_overlay":false,"accessible_code_button":true,"github_models_repo_integration":false}}}}</script> <div data-target="react-partial.reactRoot"><style data-styled="true" 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I have updated it to support MQTT protocol.</p> </div> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h1 id="user-content-nng-nanomsg-next-gen" tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">nng - nanomsg-next-gen</h1><a id="user-content-nng---nanomsg-next-gen" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: nng - nanomsg-next-gen" href="#nng---nanomsg-next-gen"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 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<div dir="auto"> <markdown-accessiblity-table><table> <tbody><tr> <td> <div dir="auto">ℹ️</div> </td> <td> If you are looking for the legacy version of nanomsg, please see the <a href="https://github.com/nanomsg/nanomsg">nanomsg</a> repository. </td> </tr> </tbody></table></markdown-accessiblity-table> </div> <div dir="auto"> <p dir="auto">This project is a rewrite of the Scalability Protocols library known as <a href="https://github.com/nanomsg/nanomsg">libnanomsg</a>, and adds significant new capabilities, while retaining compatibility with the original.</p> </div> <div dir="auto"> <p dir="auto">It may help to think of this as "nanomsg-next-generation".</p> </div> <div dir="auto"> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 id="user-content-nng-lightweight-messaging-library" tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">NNG: Lightweight Messaging Library</h2><a id="user-content-nng-lightweight-messaging-library" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: NNG: Lightweight Messaging Library" href="#nng-lightweight-messaging-library"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <div dir="auto"> <div dir="auto"> <p dir="auto">NNG, like its predecessors <a href="http://nanomsg.org" rel="nofollow">nanomsg</a> (and to some extent <a href="http://zeromq.org/" rel="nofollow">ZeroMQ</a>), is a lightweight, broker-less library, offering a simple API to solve common recurring messaging problems, such as publish/subscribe, RPC-style request/reply, or service discovery. The API frees the programmer from worrying about details like connection management, retries, and other common considerations, so that they can focus on the application instead of the plumbing.</p> </div> <div dir="auto"> <p dir="auto">NNG is implemented in C, requiring only C99 and CMake to build. It can be built as a shared or a static library, and is readily embeddable. It is also designed to be easy to port to new platforms if your platform is not already supported.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div dir="auto"> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 id="user-content-license" tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">License</h2><a id="user-content-license" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: License" href="#license"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <div dir="auto"> <div dir="auto"> <p dir="auto">NNG is licensed under a liberal, and commercial friendly, MIT license. The goal to the license is to minimize friction in adoption, use, and contribution.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div dir="auto"> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 id="user-content-enhancements-relative-to-nanomsg" tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Enhancements (Relative to nanomsg)</h2><a id="user-content-enhancements-relative-to-nanomsg" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Enhancements (Relative to nanomsg)" href="#enhancements-relative-to-nanomsg"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <div dir="auto"> <div dir="auto"> <p dir="auto">Here are areas where this project improves on "nanomsg":</p> </div> <div dir="auto"> <markdown-accessiblity-table><table> <tbody><tr> <td> <strong>Reliability</strong> </td> <td> <p dir="auto">NNG is designed for production use from the beginning. Every error case is considered, and it is designed to avoid crashing except in cases of gross developer error. (Hopefully we don’t have any of these in our own code.)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <strong>Scalability</strong> </td> <td> <p dir="auto">NNG scales out to engage multiple cores using a bespoke asynchronous I/O framework, using thread pools to spread load without exceeding typical system limits.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <strong>Maintainability</strong> </td> <td> <p dir="auto">NNG’s architecture is designed to be modular and easily grasped by developers unfamiliar with the code base. The code is also well documented.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <strong>Extensibility</strong> </td> <td> <p dir="auto">Because it avoids ties to file descriptors, and avoids confusing interlocking state machines, it is easier to add new protocols and transports to NNG. This was demonstrated by the addition of the TLS and ZeroTier transports.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <strong>Security</strong> </td> <td> <p dir="auto">NNG provides TLS 1.2 and ZeroTier transports, offering support for robust and industry standard authentication and encryption. In addition, it is hardened to be resilient against malicious attackers, with special consideration given to use in a hostile Internet.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <strong>Usability</strong> </td> <td> <p dir="auto">NNG eschews slavish adherence parts of the more complex and less well understood POSIX APIs, while adopting the semantics that are familiar and useful. New APIs are intuitive, and the optional support for separating protocol context and state from sockets makes creating concurrent applications vastly simpler than previously possible.</p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table></markdown-accessiblity-table> </div> </div> </div> <div dir="auto"> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 id="user-content-compatibility" tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Compatibility</h2><a id="user-content-compatibility" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Compatibility" href="#compatibility"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <div dir="auto"> <div dir="auto"> <p dir="auto">This project offers both wire compatibility and API compatibility, so most nanomsg users can begin using NNG right away.</p> </div> <div dir="auto"> <p dir="auto">Existing nanomsg and <a href="https://github.com/nanomsg/mangos">mangos</a> applications can inter-operate with NNG applications automatically.</p> </div> <div dir="auto"> <p dir="auto">That said, there are some areas where legacy nanomsg still offers capabilities NNG lacks — specifically enhanced observability with statistics, and tunable prioritization of different destinations are missing, but will be added in a future release.</p> </div> <div dir="auto"> <p dir="auto">Additionally, some API capabilities that are useful for foreign language bindings are not implemented yet.</p> </div> <div dir="auto"> <p dir="auto">Some simple single threaded, synchronous applications may perform better under legacy nanomsg than under NNG. (We believe that these applications are the least commonly deployed, and least interesting from a performance perspective. NNG’s internal design is slightly less efficient in such scenarios, but it greatly benefits when concurrency or when multiple sockets or network peers are involved.)</p> </div> </div> </div> <div dir="auto"> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 id="user-content-supported-platforms" tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Supported Platforms</h2><a id="user-content-supported-platforms" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Supported Platforms" href="#supported-platforms"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <div dir="auto"> <div dir="auto"> <p dir="auto">NNG supports Linux, macOS, Windows (Vista or better), illumos, Solaris, FreeBSD, Android, and iOS. Most other POSIX platforms should work out of the box but have not been tested. Very old versions of otherwise supported platforms might not work.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div dir="auto"> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 id="user-content-requirements" tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Requirements</h2><a id="user-content-requirements" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Requirements" href="#requirements"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <div dir="auto"> <div dir="auto"> <p dir="auto">To build this project, you will need a C99 compatible compiler and <a href="http://www.cmake.org" rel="nofollow">CMake</a> version 3.13 or newer.</p> </div> <div dir="auto"> <p dir="auto">We recommend using the <a href="https://ninja-build.org" rel="nofollow">Ninja</a> build system (pass "-G Ninja" to CMake) when you can. (And not just because Ninja sounds like "NNG" — it’s also blindingly fast and has made our lives as developers measurably better.)</p> </div> <div dir="auto"> <p dir="auto">If you want to build with TLS support you will also need <a href="https://tls.mbed.org" rel="nofollow">Mbed TLS</a>. See <a href="/nanomq/NanoNNG/blob/main/docs/BUILD_TLS.adoc">docs/BUILD_TLS.adoc</a> for details.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div dir="auto"> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 id="user-content-quick-start" tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Quick Start</h2><a id="user-content-quick-start" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Quick Start" href="#quick-start"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <div dir="auto"> <div dir="auto"> <p dir="auto">With a Linux or UNIX environment:</p> </div> <div dir="auto"> <div dir="auto"> <div class="highlight highlight-source-shell notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=" $ mkdir build $ cd build $ cmake -G Ninja .. $ ninja $ ninja test $ ninja install"><pre> $ mkdir build $ <span class="pl-c1">cd</span> build $ cmake -G Ninja .. $ ninja $ ninja <span class="pl-c1">test</span> $ ninja install</pre></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div dir="auto"> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 id="user-content-api-documentation" tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">API Documentation</h2><a id="user-content-api-documentation" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: API Documentation" href="#api-documentation"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <div dir="auto"> <div dir="auto"> <p dir="auto">The API documentation is provided in Asciidoc format in the <code>docs/man</code> subdirectory, and also <a href="https://nanomsg.github.io/nng" rel="nofollow">online</a>. The <a href="/nanomq/NanoNNG/blob/main/docs/man/nng.7.adoc">nng(7)</a> page provides a conceptual overview and links to manuals for various patterns. The <a href="/nanomq/NanoNNG/blob/main/docs/man/libnng.3.adoc">libnng(3)</a> page is a good starting point for the API reference.</p> </div> <div dir="auto"> <p dir="auto">You can also purchase a copy of the <a href="http://staysail.tech/books/nng_reference/index.html" rel="nofollow"><em>NNG Reference Manual</em></a>. (It is published in both electronic and printed formats.) Purchases of the book help fund continued development of NNG.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div dir="auto"> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 id="user-content-example-programs" tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Example Programs</h2><a id="user-content-example-programs" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Example Programs" href="#example-programs"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <div dir="auto"> <div dir="auto"> <p dir="auto">Some demonstration programs have been created to help serve as examples. These are located in the <code>demo</code> directory.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div dir="auto"> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 id="user-content-legacy-compatibility" tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Legacy Compatibility</h2><a id="user-content-legacy-compatibility" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Legacy Compatibility" href="#legacy-compatibility"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <div dir="auto"> <div dir="auto"> <p dir="auto">A legacy <code>libnanomsg</code> compatible API is available, and while it offers less capability than the modern NNG API, it may serve as a transition aid. Please see <a href="/nanomq/NanoNNG/blob/main/docs/man/nng_compat.3compat.adoc">nng_compat(3)</a> for details.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div dir="auto"> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 id="user-content-commercial-support" tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Commercial Support</h2><a id="user-content-commercial-support" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Commercial Support" href="#commercial-support"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <div dir="auto"> <div dir="auto"> <p dir="auto">Commercial support for NNG is available.</p> </div> <div dir="auto"> <p dir="auto">Please contact <a href="mailto:info@staysail.tech?subject=Inc.">Staysail Systems</a> to inquire further.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div dir="auto"> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 id="user-content-commercial-sponsors" tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Commercial Sponsors</h2><a id="user-content-commercial-sponsors" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Commercial Sponsors" href="#commercial-sponsors"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <div dir="auto"> <div dir="auto"> <p dir="auto">The development of NNG has been made possible through the generous sponsorship of <a href="https://www.capitar.com" rel="nofollow">Capitar IT Group BV</a> and <a href="http://staysail.tech" rel="nofollow">Staysail Systems, Inc.</a>.</p> </div> </div> </div></article></div></div></div></div></div> <!-- --> <!-- --> <script type="application/json" id="__PRIMER_DATA_:R0:__">{"resolvedServerColorMode":"day"}</script></div> </react-partial> <input type="hidden" data-csrf="true" value="MFQhBcsGanmffSKVP0o19vjKp/Sz7o15ft2UTxO0USdjrSk4fyquJeLXYZurbWyTbTjeB4At1141vNI+zuA9UQ==" /> </div> <div data-view-component="true" 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<span class="color-fg-muted">Custom properties</span></a> </div> <h3 class="sr-only">Stars</h3> <div class="mt-2"> <a href="/nanomq/NanoNNG/stargazers" data-view-component="true" class="Link Link--muted"><svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-star mr-2"> <path d="M8 .25a.75.75 0 0 1 .673.418l1.882 3.815 4.21.612a.75.75 0 0 1 .416 1.279l-3.046 2.97.719 4.192a.751.751 0 0 1-1.088.791L8 12.347l-3.766 1.98a.75.75 0 0 1-1.088-.79l.72-4.194L.818 6.374a.75.75 0 0 1 .416-1.28l4.21-.611L7.327.668A.75.75 0 0 1 8 .25Zm0 2.445L6.615 5.5a.75.75 0 0 1-.564.41l-3.097.45 2.24 2.184a.75.75 0 0 1 .216.664l-.528 3.084 2.769-1.456a.75.75 0 0 1 .698 0l2.77 1.456-.53-3.084a.75.75 0 0 1 .216-.664l2.24-2.183-3.096-.45a.75.75 0 0 1-.564-.41L8 2.694Z"></path> </svg> <strong>52</strong> stars</a> </div> <h3 class="sr-only">Watchers</h3> <div class="mt-2"> <a href="/nanomq/NanoNNG/watchers" data-view-component="true" class="Link Link--muted"><svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-eye mr-2"> <path d="M8 2c1.981 0 3.671.992 4.933 2.078 1.27 1.091 2.187 2.345 2.637 3.023a1.62 1.62 0 0 1 0 1.798c-.45.678-1.367 1.932-2.637 3.023C11.67 13.008 9.981 14 8 14c-1.981 0-3.671-.992-4.933-2.078C1.797 10.83.88 9.576.43 8.898a1.62 1.62 0 0 1 0-1.798c.45-.677 1.367-1.931 2.637-3.022C4.33 2.992 6.019 2 8 2ZM1.679 7.932a.12.12 0 0 0 0 .136c.411.622 1.241 1.75 2.366 2.717C5.176 11.758 6.527 12.5 8 12.5c1.473 0 2.825-.742 3.955-1.715 1.124-.967 1.954-2.096 2.366-2.717a.12.12 0 0 0 0-.136c-.412-.621-1.242-1.75-2.366-2.717C10.824 4.242 9.473 3.5 8 3.5c-1.473 0-2.825.742-3.955 1.715-1.124.967-1.954 2.096-2.366 2.717ZM8 10a2 2 0 1 1-.001-3.999A2 2 0 0 1 8 10Z"></path> </svg> <strong>6</strong> watching</a> </div> <h3 class="sr-only">Forks</h3> <div class="mt-2"> <a href="/nanomq/NanoNNG/forks" data-view-component="true" class="Link 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data-view-component="true" class="Link--primary no-underline Link">Releases <span title="38" data-view-component="true" class="Counter">38</span></a></h2> <a class="Link--primary d-flex no-underline" data-pjax="#repo-content-pjax-container" data-turbo-frame="repo-content-turbo-frame" href="/nanomq/NanoNNG/releases/tag/0.23.5"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-tag flex-shrink-0 mt-1 color-fg-success"> <path d="M1 7.775V2.75C1 1.784 1.784 1 2.75 1h5.025c.464 0 .91.184 1.238.513l6.25 6.25a1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 2.474l-5.026 5.026a1.75 1.75 0 0 1-2.474 0l-6.25-6.25A1.752 1.752 0 0 1 1 7.775Zm1.5 0c0 .066.026.13.073.177l6.25 6.25a.25.25 0 0 0 .354 0l5.025-5.025a.25.25 0 0 0 0-.354l-6.25-6.25a.25.25 0 0 0-.177-.073H2.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25ZM6 5a1 1 0 1 1 0 2 1 1 0 0 1 0-2Z"></path> </svg> <div class="ml-2 min-width-0"> <div class="d-flex"> <span class="css-truncate css-truncate-target text-bold mr-2" style="max-width: none;">NanoNNG 0.23.5</span> <span title="Label: Latest" data-view-component="true" class="Label Label--success flex-shrink-0"> Latest </span> </div> <div class="text-small color-fg-muted"><relative-time datetime="2025-03-20T07:19:45Z" class="no-wrap">Mar 20, 2025</relative-time></div> </div> </a> <div data-view-component="true" class="mt-3"> <a text="small" data-pjax="#repo-content-pjax-container" data-turbo-frame="repo-content-turbo-frame" href="/nanomq/NanoNNG/releases" data-view-component="true" class="Link">+ 37 releases</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="BorderGrid-row"> <div class="BorderGrid-cell"> <h2 class="h4 mb-3"> <a href="/orgs/nanomq/packages?repo_name=NanoNNG" data-view-component="true" class="Link--primary no-underline Link d-flex flex-items-center">Packages <span title="0" hidden="hidden" data-view-component="true" class="Counter ml-1">0</span></a></h2> <div class="text-small color-fg-muted" > No packages published <br> </div> </div> </div> <div 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