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[r]" accesskey="r">Perubahan terbaru</a></li><li id="n-Artikel-pilihan" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Artikel_pilihan/Topik">Artikel pilihan</a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Peristiwa_terkini" title="Temukan informasi tentang peristiwa terkini">Peristiwa terkini</a></li><li id="n-newpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_baru">Halaman baru</a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_sembarang" title="Tampilkan sembarang halaman [x]" accesskey="x">Halaman sembarang</a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_istimewa">Halaman istimewa</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Komunitas" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Komunitas" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Komunitas </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Warung-Kopi" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Warung_Kopi">Warung Kopi</a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Komunitas" title="Tentang proyek, apa yang dapat Anda lakukan, di mana untuk mencari sesuatu">Portal komunitas</a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Isi" title="Tempat mencari bantuan.">Bantuan</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Wikipedia" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Wikipedia" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Wikipedia </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Perihal">Tentang Wikipedia</a></li><li id="n-Pancapilar" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pancapilar">Pancapilar</a></li><li id="n-Kebijakan" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kebijakan_dan_pedoman">Kebijakan</a></li><li id="n-Hubungi-kami" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hubungi_kami">Hubungi kami</a></li><li id="n-Bak-pasir" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bak_pasir">Bak pasir</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Bagikan" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Bagikan emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Bagikan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Halaman_Utama" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Ensiklopedia Bebas" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-id.svg" width="120" height="14" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.875em;"> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pencarian" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Cari di Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"> Pencarian </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Telusuri Wikipedia" aria-label="Telusuri Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Cari di Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Istimewa:Pencarian"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Cari</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Perkakas pribadi"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tampilan" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Tampilan </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=id.wikipedia.org&uselang=id" class="">Menyumbang</a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buat_akun&returnto=Mumbai" title="Anda dianjurkan untuk membuat akun dan masuk log; meskipun, hal itu tidak diwajibkan" class="">Buat akun baru</a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Masuk_log&returnto=Mumbai" title="Anda disarankan untuk masuk log, meskipun hal itu tidak diwajibkan. 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[o]" accesskey="o"> Masuk log</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Halaman penyunting yang telah keluar log <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengantar" aria-label="Pelajari lebih lanjut tentang menyunting">pelajari lebih lanjut</a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Kontribusi_saya" title="Daftar suntingan yang dibuat dari alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y">Kontribusi</a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pembicaraan_saya" title="Pembicaraan tentang suntingan dari alamat IP ini [n]" accesskey="n">Pembicaraan</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Daftar isi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Daftar isi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etimologi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etimologi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 Etimologi </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etimologi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sejarah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sejarah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Sejarah </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sejarah-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Gulingkan subbagian Sejarah </button> <ul id="toc-Sejarah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sejarah_awal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sejarah_awal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Sejarah awal </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sejarah_awal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kekuasaan_Portugis_dan_Inggris" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kekuasaan_Portugis_dan_Inggris"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Kekuasaan Portugis dan Inggris </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kekuasaan_Portugis_dan_Inggris-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-India_independen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#India_independen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 India independen </div> </a> <ul id="toc-India_independen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geografi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geografi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Geografi </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geografi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Gulingkan subbagian Geografi </button> <ul id="toc-Geografi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Iklim" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iklim"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Iklim </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iklim-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ekonomi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ekonomi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Ekonomi </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ekonomi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pemerintahan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pemerintahan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Pemerintahan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pemerintahan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Politik </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportasi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportasi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Transportasi </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transportasi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Gulingkan subbagian Transportasi </button> <ul id="toc-Transportasi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Angkutan_umum" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Angkutan_umum"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Angkutan umum </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Angkutan_umum-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kereta" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kereta"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1.1 Kereta </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kereta-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1.2 Bus </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Air" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1.3 Air </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jalan_raya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jalan_raya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Jalan raya </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jalan_raya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Udara" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Udara"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Udara </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Udara-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Laut" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Laut"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.4 Laut </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Laut-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Layanan_utilitas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Layanan_utilitas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Layanan utilitas </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Layanan_utilitas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arsitektur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arsitektur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Arsitektur </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arsitektur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demografi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demografi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Demografi </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demografi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Gulingkan subbagian Demografi </button> <ul id="toc-Demografi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kelompok_etnis_dan_agama" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kelompok_etnis_dan_agama"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1 Kelompok etnis dan agama </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kelompok_etnis_dan_agama-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Budaya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Budaya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Budaya </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Budaya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Media </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pendidikan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pendidikan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Pendidikan </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Pendidikan-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Gulingkan subbagian Pendidikan </button> <ul id="toc-Pendidikan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sekolah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sekolah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13.1 Sekolah </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sekolah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Perguruan_tinggi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Perguruan_tinggi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13.2 Perguruan tinggi </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Perguruan_tinggi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Olahraga" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Olahraga"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 Olahraga </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Olahraga-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Catatan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Catatan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 Catatan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Catatan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16 Referensi </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pranala_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pranala_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 17 Pranala luar </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pranala_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Daftar Isi" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Gulingkan daftar isi </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Mumbai</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 191 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-191" aria-hidden="true" > 191 bahasa </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Jerman (Swiss)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Jerman (Swiss)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%99%E1%88%9D%E1%89%A3%E1%8B%AD" title="ሙምባይ – Amharik" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሙምባይ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharik" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombai" title="Bombai – Aragon" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Bombai" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%88" title="मुम्बई – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="मुम्बई" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target">अंगिका</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%8A" title="مومباي – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مومباي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%8A" title="مومباي – Arab Maroko" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="مومباي" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Arab Maroko" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%89" title="مومباى – Arab Mesir" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مومباى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arab Mesir" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87" title="মুম্বাই – Assam" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="মুম্বাই" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assam" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%88" title="मुम्बई – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="मुम्बई" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">अवधी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbay" title="Mumbay – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Mumbay" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A6%DB%8C" title="بمبئی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بمبئی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B8" title="Мумбаи – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Мумбаи" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Bali" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Bali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbajos" title="Mumbajos – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Mumbajos" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%96" title="Мумбаі – Belarusia" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Мумбаі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%96" title="Мумбаі – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Мумбаі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Мумбай – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Мумбай" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%88" title="मुंबई – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="मुंबई" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%87" title="মুম্বই – Bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মুম্বই" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%A6%E0%BD%BA" title="འབོམ་སྦེ – Tibet" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="འབོམ་སྦེ" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibet" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87" title="পুল্লাপ মুম্বাই – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="পুল্লাপ মুম্বাই" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target">বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Мумбай – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Мумбай" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombai" title="Bombai – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Bombai" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B8" title="Мумбаи – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Мумбаи" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakbayan_sa_Bombay" title="Dakbayan sa Bombay – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Dakbayan sa Bombay" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7%DB%8C" title="مومبای – Kurdi Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="مومبای" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbayi" title="Mumbayi – Tatar Krimea" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Mumbayi" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Tatar Krimea" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombaj" title="Bombaj – Ceko" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Bombaj" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Ceko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B8" title="Мумбаи – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Мумбаи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel bagus"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Sorbia Hilir" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Sorbia Hilir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dolnoserbski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%88" title="मुम्बई – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="मुम्बई" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target">डोटेली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%89%DE%AA%DE%82%DE%B0%DE%84%DE%A7%DE%87%DE%A9" title="މުންބާއީ – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="މުންބާއީ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ދިވެހިބަސް</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%AC%CE%B9" title="Μουμπάι – Yunani" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μουμπάι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel bagus"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target">English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbajo" title="Mumbajo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Mumbajo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombay" title="Bombay – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bombay" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Estonia" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombay" title="Bombay – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Bombay" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A6%DB%8C" title="بمبئی – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بمبئی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mubai" title="Mubai – Fiji" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Mubai" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fiji" class="interlanguage-link-target">Na Vosa Vakaviti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Faroe" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroe" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombay" title="Bombay – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bombay" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Frisia Utara" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Frisia Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombay" title="Bombay – Friuli" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Bombay" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friuli" class="interlanguage-link-target">Furlan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombay" title="Bombay – Frisia Barat" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Bombay" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Frisia Barat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Irlandia" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AD%9F%E8%B2%B7" title="孟買 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="孟買" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target">贛語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombay" title="Bombay – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Bombay" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kriyòl gwiyannen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Gaelik Skotlandia" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Gaelik Skotlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombai" title="Bombai – Galisia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Bombai" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumb%C3%A1i" title="Mumbái – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Mumbái" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombaim" title="Bombaim – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="Bombaim" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target">गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AE%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%AC%E0%AA%88" title="મુંબઈ – Gujarat" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="મુંબઈ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarat" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%91%D7%90%D7%99" title="מומבאי – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מומבאי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%88" title="मुम्बई – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मुम्बई" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Hindi Fiji" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Hindi Fiji" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Kroasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Sorbia Hulu" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Sorbia Hulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombay" title="Bombay – Kreol Haiti" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Bombay" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Kreol Haiti" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Hungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%B5" title="Մումբայ – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մումբայ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%B5" title="Մումպայ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Մումպայ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B8" title="Мумбаи – Ingushetia" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Мумбаи" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingushetia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ГӀалгӀай</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Islandia" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A0%E3%83%B3%E3%83%90%E3%82%A4" title="ムンバイ – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ムンバイ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/mymbais" title="mymbais – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="mymbais" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target">La .lojban.</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Jawa" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Jawa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%98" title="მუმბაი – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მუმბაი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbay" title="Mumbay – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Mumbay" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pombe" title="Pombe – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Pombe" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kumoring</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B8" title="Мумбаи – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Мумбаи" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BF" title="ಮುಂಬಯಿ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮುಂಬಯಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AD%84%EB%B0%94%EC%9D%B4" title="뭄바이 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="뭄바이" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A6%DB%8C" title="ممبئی – Kashmir" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="ممبئی" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmir" class="interlanguage-link-target">कॉशुर / کٲشُر</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumba%C3%AE" title="Mumbaî – Kurdi" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Mumbaî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Kornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Kornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B8" title="Мумбаи – Kirgiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Мумбаи" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgiz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Luksemburg" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luksemburg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B8" title="Мумбаи – Lezghia" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Мумбаи" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лезги</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombay" title="Bombay – Limburgia" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Bombay" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbajus" title="Mumbajus – Lituania" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Mumbajus" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lituania" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbaja" title="Mumbaja – Latvia" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Mumbaja" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%88" title="मुम्बई – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="मुम्बई" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Мумбай – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Мумбай" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Мокшень</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Malagasi" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B8" title="Мумбаи – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Мумбаи" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Олык марий</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Maori" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%98" title="Мумбај – Makedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Мумбај" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%88" title="മുംബൈ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മുംബൈ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Мумбай – Mongolia" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Мумбай" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A8%EA%AF%9D%EA%AF%95%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%8F" title="ꯃꯨꯝꯕꯥꯏ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯃꯨꯝꯕꯥꯏ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%88" title="मुंबई – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मुंबई" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Melayu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Melayu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Malta" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Malta" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%BD%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%98%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7" title="မွမ်ဘိုင်းမြို့ – Burma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မွမ်ဘိုင်းမြို့" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burma" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D1%88" title="Мумбаи ош – Eryza" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Мумбаи ош" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Eryza" class="interlanguage-link-target">Эрзянь</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A6%DB%8C" title="بمبئی – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="بمبئی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Jerman Rendah" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman Rendah" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%88" title="मुम्बई – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="मुम्बई" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%88" title="ग्रेटर मुम्बई – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="ग्रेटर मुम्बई" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Nynorsk Norwegia" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target">Novial</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="Nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chi-Chewa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombai" title="Bombai – Ositania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Bombai" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Ositania" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%87" title="ମୁମ୍ବାଇ – Oriya" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ମୁମ୍ବାଇ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Oriya" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B8" title="Мумбаи – Ossetia" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Мумбаи" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%81%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%88" title="ਮੁੰਬਈ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮੁੰਬਈ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbaj" title="Mumbaj – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Mumbaj" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A6%DB%8C" title="ممبئی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ممبئی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7%DB%8C" title="ممبای – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ممبای" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombaim" title="Bombaim – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Bombaim" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Romani čhib</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Rumania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumania" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tarandíne</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B8" title="Мумбаи – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мумбаи" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%96" title="Мумбаі – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Мумбаі" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%88" title="मुम्बई – Sanskerta" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="मुम्बई" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskerta" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B8" title="Мумбаи – Sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Мумбаи" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AD" title="ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombay" title="Bombay – Sardinia" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Bombay" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Sisilia" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sisilia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Skotlandia" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Skotlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A6%D9%8A" title="ممبئي – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ممبئي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Sami Utara" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Sami Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Davvisámegiella</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbaj" title="Mumbaj – Serbo-Kroasia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Mumbaj" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92" title="මුම්බායි – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="මුම්බායි" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombaj" title="Bombaj – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Bombaj" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbaj" title="Mumbaj – Slovenia" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Mumbaj" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%98" title="Мумбај – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Мумбај" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombay" title="Bombay – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bombay" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C5%AFmbaj" title="Bůmbaj – Silesia" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Bůmbaj" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%88" title="மும்பை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மும்பை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%88" title="ముంబై – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ముంబై" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Мумбай – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Мумбай" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9A" title="มุมไบ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="มุมไบ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumb%C9%99j" title="Mumbəj – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Mumbəj" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tolışi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Twi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombay" title="Bombay – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="Bombay" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Мумбай – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мумбай" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A6%DB%8C" title="ممبئی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ممبئی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbay" title="Mumbay – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Mumbay" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Venesia" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venesia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Volapuk" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapuk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Warai" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Warai" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AD%9F%E4%B9%B0" title="孟买 – Wu Tionghoa" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="孟买" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%98" title="მუმბაი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="მუმბაი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%91%D7%99%D7%99" title="מומביי – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="מומביי" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AD%9F%E4%B9%B0" title="孟买 – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="孟买" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AD%9F%E8%B2%B7" title="孟買 – Kanton" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="孟買" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kanton" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1156#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pranala interwiki" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pranala</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Lihat halaman isi [c]" 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</nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r26333525">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output 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.mbox-text-span{margin-left:23px!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Periksa_terjemahan plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-rough_translation" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Translation_to_english_arrow.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Translation arrow icon"><img alt="Translation arrow icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Translation_to_english_arrow.svg/50px-Translation_to_english_arrow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Translation_to_english_arrow.svg/75px-Translation_to_english_arrow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Translation_to_english_arrow.svg/100px-Translation_to_english_arrow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">Artikel atau sebagian dari artikel ini mungkin diterjemahkan dari <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" class="extiw" title="en:Mumbai">Mumbai</a> di en.wikipedia.org. Isinya masih belum akurat, karena bagian yang diterjemahkan masih perlu diperhalus dan disempurnakan. Jika Anda menguasai bahasa aslinya, harap pertimbangkan untuk menelusuri referensinya dan menyempurnakan terjemahan ini. Anda juga dapat ikut bergotong royong pada <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:ProyekWiki_Perbaikan_Terjemahan" title="Wikipedia:ProyekWiki Perbaikan Terjemahan">ProyekWiki Perbaikan Terjemahan</a>. (Pesan ini dapat dihapus jika terjemahan dirasa sudah cukup tepat. Lihat pula: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Panduan_dalam_menerjemahkan_artikel" title="Wikipedia:Panduan dalam menerjemahkan artikel">panduan penerjemahan artikel</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18844875">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Bombay" beralih ke halaman ini. Untuk penggunaan lain, lihat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bombay_(disambiguasi)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bombay (disambiguasi) (halaman belum tersedia)">Bombay (disambiguasi)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r22657712">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r24150118">.mw-parser-output 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.ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Mumbai</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native">मुंबई</div><div class="nickname ib-settlement-other-name">Bombay बॉम्बे</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader ib-background"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Megakota" title="Megakota">Megakota</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="padding-right:0em;padding-left:0em"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:MumbaiMontage.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Arah jarum jam dari atas: Pemandangan langit Cuffe Parade, Taj Mahal Palace Hotel, Terminal Chhatrapati Shivaji, Jembatan Laut Bandra–Worli, dan Jalan Gerbang India."><img alt="Arah jarum jam dari atas: Pemandangan langit Cuffe Parade, Taj Mahal Palace Hotel, Terminal Chhatrapati Shivaji, Jembatan Laut Bandra–Worli, dan Jalan Gerbang India." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/MumbaiMontage.png/270px-MumbaiMontage.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="459" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/MumbaiMontage.png/405px-MumbaiMontage.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/MumbaiMontage.png/540px-MumbaiMontage.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="1070" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Arah jarum jam dari atas: Pemandangan langit <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cuffe_Parade&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cuffe Parade (halaman belum tersedia)">Cuffe Parade</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Taj_Mahal_Palace_Hotel" class="mw-redirect" title="The Taj Mahal Palace Hotel">Taj Mahal Palace Hotel</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Terminal_Chhatrapati_Shivaji&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terminal Chhatrapati Shivaji (halaman belum tersedia)">Terminal Chhatrapati Shivaji</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jembatan_Laut_Bandra%E2%80%93Worli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jembatan Laut Bandra–Worli (halaman belum tersedia)">Jembatan Laut Bandra–Worli</a>, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jalan_Gerbang_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jalan Gerbang India (halaman belum tersedia)">Jalan Gerbang India</a>.</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="padding-right:0em;padding-left:0em">Julukan: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">Kota Tujuh Pulau, Kota Impian,<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> Jalan Gerbang menuju India, Hollywood dari India</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Negara</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0em;padding-left:0em"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Negara_bagian_dan_teritorial_di_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Negara bagian dan teritorial di India">Negara bagian</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0em;padding-left:0em"><a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_distrik_di_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar distrik di India (halaman belum tersedia)">Distrik</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0em;padding-left:0em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Distrik_Kota_Mumbai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Distrik Kota Mumbai (halaman belum tersedia)">Kota Mumbai</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Distrik_Sub-Perkotaan_Mumbai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Distrik Sub-Perkotaan Mumbai (halaman belum tersedia)">Sub-Perkotaan Mumbai</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Navi_Mumbai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Navi Mumbai (halaman belum tersedia)">Navi Mumbai</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_resmi" title="Bahasa resmi">Bahasa resmi</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0em;padding-left:0em"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Marathi" title="Bahasa Marathi">Marathi</a><a href="#cite_note-NCLMreport-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-MCGMhistmilestone-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Bahasa Asli</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0em;padding-left:0em"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Marathi" title="Bahasa Marathi">Marathi</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Konkani" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Konkani">Konkani</a><a href="#cite_note-nirc.nanzan-u.ac.jp-4">[4]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pertama kali didiami</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0em;padding-left:0em">1507</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Dinamai berdasarkan</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0em;padding-left:0em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mumbadevi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mumbadevi (halaman belum tersedia)">Mumbadevi</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Pemerintahan<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Jenis</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0em;padding-left:0em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemerintahan_dewan_wali_kota&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pemerintahan dewan wali kota (halaman belum tersedia)">Dewan Wali kota</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Badan</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="padding-right:0em;padding-left:0em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Badan_Munisipal_Mumbai_Besar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Badan Munisipal Mumbai Besar (halaman belum tersedia)">MCGM</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wali_kota_Mumbai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wali kota Mumbai (halaman belum tersedia)">Mayor</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0em;padding-left:0em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Snehal_Ambekar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Snehal Ambekar (halaman belum tersedia)">Snehal Ambekar</a><a href="#cite_note-firstDalit-5">[5]</a> (<a href="/wiki/Shiv_Sena" title="Shiv Sena">Shiv Sena</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Komisioner_Munisipal_Mumbai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Komisioner Munisipal Mumbai (halaman belum tersedia)">Komisioner Munisipal</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0em;padding-left:0em">Ajoy Mehta<a href="#cite_note-ajoymehta-6">[6]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Luas<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Megakota" title="Megakota">Megakota</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0em;padding-left:0em">603 km2 (233 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Luas metropolitan<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><a href="#cite_note-projectsecoa1-7">[7]</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0em;padding-left:0em">4.355 km2 (1.681,5 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Ketinggian<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0em;padding-left:0em">14 m (46 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Populasi<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (2011)<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Megakota" title="Megakota">Megakota</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0em;padding-left:0em">12.442.373</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Peringkat</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0em;padding-left:0em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_kota_terpadat_di_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar kota terpadat di India (halaman belum tersedia)">ke-1</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Kepadatan</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0em;padding-left:0em">21,000/km2 (53,000/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan">Metropolitan</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"><a href="#cite_note-extended_UA_2011-9">[9]</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0em;padding-left:0em">18.414.288 20.748.395(Extended UA)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro Rank<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0em;padding-left:0em">ke−1</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonim" title="Demonim">Demonim</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0em;padding-left:0em">Mumbaikar</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Zona_waktu" title="Zona waktu">Zona waktu</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0em;padding-left:0em"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B5:30" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+5:30">UTC+5:30</a> (<a href="/wiki/Waktu_Standar_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Waktu Standar India">IST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nomor_Indeks_Pos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nomor Indeks Pos (halaman belum tersedia)">Kota ZIP</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr" style="padding-right:0em;padding-left:0em"><div class="postal-code">400 001 to 400 107</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Kode_area_telepon" class="mw-redirect" title="Kode area telepon">Kode area telepon</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0em;padding-left:0em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nomor_telepon_di_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nomor telepon di India (halaman belum tersedia)">+91-22</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Pelat_nomor" title="Pelat nomor">Pelat kendaraan</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0em;padding-left:0em">MH-01 (Tengah), MH-02 (Barat), MH-03 (Timur), MH-47 (Utara)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Situs web</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0em;padding-left:0em"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mcgm.gov.in">www.mcgm.gov.in</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Mumbai (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:IPA_untuk_bahasa_Inggris" class="mw-redirect" title="Bantuan:IPA untuk bahasa Inggris">/mʊmˈbaɪ/</a>; yang juga dikenal sebagai Bombay, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_kota_dan_negara_bagian_India_yang_berganti_nama&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar kota dan negara bagian India yang berganti nama (halaman belum tersedia)">nama resminya sampai 1995</a>) adalah <a href="/wiki/Ibu_kota" title="Ibu kota">ibu kota</a> <a href="/wiki/Negara_bagian_dan_teritorial_di_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Negara bagian dan teritorial di India">negara bagian India</a> <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a>. Kota tersebut merupakan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_kota_terpadat_di_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar kota terpadat di India (halaman belum tersedia)">kota terpadat di India</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_aglomerasi_menurut_populasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar aglomerasi menurut populasi (halaman belum tersedia)">aglomerasi terpadat kesembilan di dunia</a>, dengan populasi kota tersebut diperkirakan berjumlah 18,4 juta orang. Bersama dengan kawasan-kawasan tetangga di <a href="/wiki/Kawasan_Metropolitan_Mumbai" title="Kawasan Metropolitan Mumbai">Kawasan Metropolitan Mumbai</a>, kota tersebut merupakan salah satu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_aglomerasi_perkotaan_menurut_populasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar aglomerasi perkotaan menurut populasi (halaman belum tersedia)">kawasan perkotaan</a> terpadat di dunia dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_kawasan_metropolitan_di_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar kawasan metropolitan di India (halaman belum tersedia)">kawasan metropolitan</a> terpadat kedua di India, dengan populasi sejumlah 20,7 juta hingga 2011<a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mumbai&action=edit">[update]</a>.<a href="#cite_note-pibmumbai-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> Mumbai berada di sepanjang pesisir <a href="/w/index.php?title=Konkan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konkan (halaman belum tersedia)">barat</a> India dan memiliki sebuah pelabuhan alam yang dalam. Pada 2008, Mumbai diberi gelar sebagai <a href="/wiki/Kota_global" title="Kota global">kota global</a>.<a href="#cite_note-lboro2008-12">[12]</a> Kota tersebut juga merupakan kota termakmur di India,<a href="#cite_note-livemint.com-13">[13]</a> dan memiliki <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_kota_menurut_GDP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar kota menurut GDP (halaman belum tersedia)">GDP (Gross Domestic Product) tertinggi</a> dari kota manapun di <a href="/wiki/Asia_Selatan" title="Asia Selatan">Asia Selatan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asia_Barat" title="Asia Barat">Barat</a>, atau <a href="/wiki/Asia_Tengah" title="Asia Tengah">Tengah</a>.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> Mumbai memiliki jumlah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jutawan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jutawan (halaman belum tersedia)">jutawan</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Miliarder" title="Miliarder">miliarder</a> tertinggi daripada seluruh kota di India.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tujuh_pulau_di_Bombay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tujuh pulau di Bombay (halaman belum tersedia)">Tujuh pulau</a> yang masuk kawasan Mumbai merupakan tempat tinggal dari komunitas <a href="/w/index.php?title=Koli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Koli (halaman belum tersedia)">koloni-koloni perikanan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nirc.nanzan-u.ac.jp-4">[4]</a> Selama berabad-abad, kepulauan tersebut berada di bawah kekuasaan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sejarah_Mumbai_di_bawah_kekausaan_kekaisaran_pribumi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sejarah Mumbai di bawah kekausaan kekaisaran pribumi (halaman belum tersedia)">kekaisaran pribumi</a> sebelum jatuh ke tangan <a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Portugis" class="mw-redirect" title="Kekaisaran Portugis">Portugis</a> dan kemudian ke tangan <a href="/wiki/Perusahaan_Hindia_Timur_Britania" class="mw-redirect" title="Perusahaan Hindia Timur Britania">Perusahaan Hindia Timur Britania</a> ketika pada 1661 <a href="/wiki/Charles_II_dari_Inggris" title="Charles II dari Inggris">Raja Charles II</a> menikah dengan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yekaterina_dari_Braganza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yekaterina dari Braganza (halaman belum tersedia)">Yekaterina dari Braganza</a>, dan sebagai bagian dari mas kawinnya, Charles diberi <a href="/wiki/Tangier" title="Tangier">Tangier</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tujuh_pulau_di_Bombay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tujuh pulau di Bombay (halaman belum tersedia)">tujuh pulau di Bombay</a>.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> Pada pertengahan abad ke-18, Bombay, dibentuk ulang oleh proyek <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hornby_Vellard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hornby Vellard (halaman belum tersedia)">Hornby Vellard</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Dwivedi_2001_28-18">[18]</a> yang diadakan untuk reklamasi kawasan tersebut antara tujuh pulau tersebut dari laut.<a href="#cite_note-fp-onceuponatime-19">[19]</a> Bersamaan dengan pembangunan jalan-jalan besar dan jalur kereta api, reklamasi lahan tersebut, yang terselesaikan pada 1845, mengubah Bombay menjadi pelabuhan utama di <a href="/wiki/Laut_Arab" title="Laut Arab">Laut Arab</a>. Bombay pada abad ke-19 dikarakteristikan dengan perkembangan ekonomi dan pendidikan. Pada awal abad ke-20, kota tersebut menjadi basis kokoh bagi <a href="/wiki/Gerakan_kemerdekaan_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Gerakan kemerdekaan India">gerakan kemerdekaan India</a>. Setelah kemerdekaan India pada 1947, kota tersebut dimasukkan dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Negara_Bagian_Bombay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Negara Bagian Bombay (halaman belum tersedia)">Negara Bagian Bombay</a>. Pada 1960, setelah <a href="/wiki/Gerakan_Samyukta_Maharashtra" title="Gerakan Samyukta Maharashtra">Gerakan Samyukta Maharashtra</a>, sebuah negara bagian baru <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a> dibuat dengan Bombay sebagai ibu kotanya.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> Mumbai adalah ibu kota <a href="/wiki/Pusat_keuangan" title="Pusat keuangan">keuangan</a>, komersial<a href="#cite_note-millionaireRoleModel-21">[21]</a> dan hiburan di India. Kota tersebut juga merupakan salah satu dari sepuluh pusat komersial teratas di dunia dalam hal arus keuangan global,<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> meliputi 6.16% dari GDP India<a href="#cite_note-mmrda_muip_gdp-23">[23]</a> dan meliputi 25% dari pengeluaran industrial, 70% dari perdagangan maritim di India (<a href="/wiki/Pelabuhan_Mumbai" title="Pelabuhan Mumbai">Pelabuhan Mumbai</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pelabuhan_Jawaharlal_Nehru&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pelabuhan Jawaharlal Nehru (halaman belum tersedia)">JNPT</a>),<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> dan 70% dari transaksi ibu kota untuk <a href="/wiki/Ekonomi_India" title="Ekonomi India">ekonomi India</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NMIAtender-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> Kota tersebut berisi lembaga-lembaga keuangan berpengaruh seperti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bank_Reserve_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bank Reserve India (halaman belum tersedia)">Bank Reserve India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bursa_Saham_Bombay" class="mw-redirect" title="Bursa Saham Bombay">Bursa Saham Bombay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bursa_Saham_Nasional_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Bursa Saham Nasional India">Bursa Saham Nasional India</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Securities_and_Exchange_Board_of_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Securities and Exchange Board of India (halaman belum tersedia)">SEBI</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_perusahaan_India_yang_bermarkas_besar_di_Mumbai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar perusahaan India yang bermarkas besar di Mumbai (halaman belum tersedia)">markas-markas besar</a> dari sejumlah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_perusahaan_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar perusahaan India (halaman belum tersedia)">perusahaan India</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Perusahaan_multinasional" title="Perusahaan multinasional">perusahaan multinasional</a>. Kota tersebut juga merupakan tempat dari beberapa lembaga nuklir dan saintifik utama India seperti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhabha_Atomic_Research_Centre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (halaman belum tersedia)">BARC</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuclear_Power_Corporation_of_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nuclear Power Corporation of India (halaman belum tersedia)">NPCL</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Rare_Earths_Limited&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indian Rare Earths Limited (halaman belum tersedia)">IREL</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tata_Institute_of_Fundamental_Research" title="Tata Institute of Fundamental Research">TIFR</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Atomic_Energy_Regulatory_Board&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (halaman belum tersedia)">AERB</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Atomic_Energy_Commission_of_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atomic Energy Commission of India (halaman belum tersedia)">AECI</a>, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Departemen_Energi_Atom_(India)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Departemen Energi Atom (India) (halaman belum tersedia)">Departemen Energi Atom</a>. Kota tersebut juga merumahi industri <a href="/wiki/Sinema_Marathi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinema Marathi">film dan televisi Marathi</a> dan Hindi (<a href="/wiki/Bollywood" title="Bollywood">Bollywood</a>) di India. Kesempatan bisnis Mumbai, serta potensialnya menawarkan <a href="/wiki/Standar_hidup_di_India" title="Standar hidup di India">standar hidup</a> yang tinggi,<a href="#cite_note-Corporation2007-27">[27]</a> menarik minat para migran dari seluruh belahan India, membuat kota tersebut menjadi <a href="/wiki/Kuali_peleburan" title="Kuali peleburan">kuali peleburan</a> dari beberapa komunitas dan <a href="/wiki/Budaya_India" title="Budaya India">budaya</a>. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etimologi">Etimologi</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mumbai&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Etimologi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mumbai&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Etimologi">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Nama Mumbai berasal dari kata Mumbā atau Mahā-Ambā—nama dari dewi pelindung (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuladewata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kuladewata (halaman belum tersedia)">Kuladewi</a>) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mumbadewi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mumbadewi (halaman belum tersedia)">Mumbadewi</a> dari komunitas <a href="/w/index.php?title=Suku_Agri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suku Agri (halaman belum tersedia)">Agri</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Suku_Koli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suku Koli (halaman belum tersedia)">Koli</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dinasti_Bulan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dinasti Bulan (halaman belum tersedia)">Somwanshi Kshatriya</a>—<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> dan ā'ī artinya "ibu" dalam <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Marathi" title="Bahasa Marathi">bahasa Marathi</a>, yang merupakan bahasa ibu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Suku_Koli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suku Koli (halaman belum tersedia)">suku Koli</a> dan bahasa resmi Maharashtra.<a href="#cite_note-nirc.nanzan-u.ac.jp-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Mumbadevi_temple.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Mumbadevi_temple.jpg/170px-Mumbadevi_temple.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Mumbadevi_temple.jpg/255px-Mumbadevi_temple.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Mumbadevi_temple.jpg/340px-Mumbadevi_temple.jpg 2x" data-file-width="533" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Kuil dewi Hindu lokal <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mumbadewi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mumbadewi (halaman belum tersedia)">Mumbadewi</a>, nama kota Mumbai berasal dari namanya</figcaption></figure> Nama yang dikenal tertua untuk kota tersebut adalah Kakamuchee dan Galajunkja; kata-katas tersebut terkadang masih digunakan.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> Ali Muhammad Khan, dalam Mirat-i-Ahmedi (1507) menyebut kota tersebut dengan sebutan Manbai.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> Pada 1508, penulis <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugis</a> <a href="/wiki/Gaspar_Correia" title="Gaspar Correia">Gaspar Correia</a> menggunakan nama Bombaim, dalam karyanya Lendas da Índia ("Legenda-Legenda India").<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-et6yh-34">[34]</a> Nama tersebut diyakini berasal dari frasa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Portugis_Galisia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Portugis Galisia (halaman belum tersedia)">Portugis Lama</a> bom baim, yang artinya "teluk kecil bagus",<a href="#cite_note-Shirodkar_1998_7-35">[35]</a> dan Bombaim masih umum digunakan dalam <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Portugis" title="Bahasa Portugis">bahasa Portugis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ety-36">[36]</a> Pada 1516, penjelajah Portugis <a href="/wiki/Duarte_Barbosa" title="Duarte Barbosa">Duarte Barbosa</a> menggunakan nama Tana-Maiambu: Tana tampil untuk merujuk kepada kota gabungan <a href="/wiki/Thane" title="Thane">Thane</a> dan Maiambu untuk Mumbadevi.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> Variasi lainnya yang tercatat pada abad ke-16 dan ke-17 meliputi: Mombayn (1525), Bombay (1538), Bombain (1552), Bombaym (1552), Monbaym (1554), Mombaim (1563), Mombaym (1644), Bambaye (1666), Bombaiim (1666), Bombeye (1676), Boon Bay (1690),<a href="#cite_note-ety-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-etyh-38">[38]</a> dan Bon Bahia.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> Setelah <a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Britania" class="mw-redirect" title="Kekaisaran Britania">Inggris</a> meraih kekuasaan atas kota tersebut pada abad ke-17, nama <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Portugis" title="Bahasa Portugis">Portugis</a> secara resmi di<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anglikanisasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anglikanisasi (halaman belum tersedia)">anglikanisasi</a> menjadi Bombay.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> Pada akhir abad ke-20, kota tersebut disebut sebagai Mumbai atau Mambai dalam bahasa-bahasa resmi tingkat negara di India yang meliputi bahasa <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Marathi" title="Bahasa Marathi">Marathi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Konkani" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Konkani">Konkani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Gujarati" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Gujarati">Gujarati</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Kannada" title="Bahasa Kannada">Kannada</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Sindhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Sindhi">Sindhi</a>, dan sebagai Bambai dalam bahasa <a href="/wiki/Hindi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindi">Hindi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> Pemerintah India secara resmi mengubah nama Inggris-nya menjadi Mumbai pada November 1995.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> Kebijakan tersebut datang dari usulan partai nasionalis Marathi <a href="/wiki/Shiv_Sena" title="Shiv Sena">Shiv Sena</a>, yang memenangkan pemilihan negara bagian Maharashtra, dan mencerminkan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Penggantian_nama_kota_di_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penggantian nama kota di India (halaman belum tersedia)">pengubahan nama yang mirip di seluruh negara tersebut</a> dan sebagian besar Maharashtra.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> Menurut majalah <a href="/wiki/Slate_(majalah)" title="Slate (majalah)">Slate</a>, "mereka berpendapat bahwa 'Bombay' merupakan sebuah versi Inggris yang dikorup dari 'Mumbai' dan sebuah warisan yang tidak diinginkan dari pemerintah kolonial Inggris."<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> Slate juga berkata bahwa "Dorongan untuk mengganti nama Bombay adalah bagian dari sebuah gerakan yang lebih besar untuk memperkuat identitas Marathi di kawasan Maharashtra."<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> Meskipun kota tersebut masih disebut sebagai Bombay oleh beberapa penduduknya dan oleh orang-orang India dari kawasan lainnya,<a href="#cite_note-24change-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-mummaharashtra1-47">[47]</a> penyebutan kota tersebut dengan sebuah nama selain Mumbai telah menjadi hal kontroversial, yang dihasilkan dalam perasaan emosional yang terkadang dari sebuah alam kekerasan politik.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> Penduduk Mumbai disebut mumbaikar dalam <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Marathi" title="Bahasa Marathi">bahasa Marathi</a>, dimana akhiran kar artinya penduduk. Istilah tersebut sempat digunakan beberapa kali namun baru meraih ketenaran setelah nama resminya diubah menjadi Mumbai.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sejarah">Sejarah</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mumbai&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Sejarah" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mumbai&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Sejarah">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Sejarah_Mumbai" title="Sejarah Mumbai">Sejarah Mumbai</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Garis_waktu_sejarah_Mumbai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Garis waktu sejarah Mumbai (halaman belum tersedia)">Garis waktu sejarah Mumbai</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sejarah_awal">Sejarah awal</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mumbai&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Sejarah awal" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mumbai&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Sejarah awal">sunting sumber</a>]</div> [[Berkas:KITLV 88121 - Unknown - Sculture of Buddha in a temple at Kanheri in British India - 1897.tif|jmpl|lurus|kiri|<a href="/wiki/Gua_Kanheri" title="Gua Kanheri">Gua Kanheri</a> berfungsi sebagai pusat agama Buddha di India Barat pada zaman kuno|alt=Sebuah stupa Buddha putih.]] Mumbai dibangun di atas apa yang sempat menjadi sebuah kepulauan dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tujuh_pulau_di_Bombay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tujuh pulau di Bombay (halaman belum tersedia)">tujuh pulau</a>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulau_Bombay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pulau Bombay (halaman belum tersedia)">Pulau Bombay</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Parel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parel (halaman belum tersedia)">Parel</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mazagaon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mazagaon (halaman belum tersedia)">Mazagaon</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mahim (halaman belum tersedia)">Mahim</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Colaba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Colaba (halaman belum tersedia)">Colaba</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Worli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Worli (halaman belum tersedia)">Worli</a>, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulau_Wanita_Tua&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pulau Wanita Tua (halaman belum tersedia)">Pulau Wanita Tua</a> (juga dikenal sebagai Colaba Kecil).<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> Tidak diketahui kapan pulau-pulau tersebut mulai didiami. Sedimen-sedimen <a href="/wiki/Pleistosen" title="Pleistosen">Pleistosen</a> yang ditemukan di sepanjang kawasan pesisir di sekitaran <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kandivali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kandivali (halaman belum tersedia)">Kandivali</a>, utara Mumbai menunjukan bahwa kepulauan tersebut telah ditinggali sejak <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zaman_Batu_Asia_Selatan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zaman Batu Asia Selatan (halaman belum tersedia)">Zaman Batu</a>.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> Pada permulaan <a href="/wiki/Masehi" title="Masehi">zaman Masehi</a> (2.000 tahun yang lalu), atau mungkin lebih awal, kawasan tersebut diduduki oleh komunitas perikanan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Koli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Koli (halaman belum tersedia)">Koli</a>.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-city-profile-54">[54]</a> Pada abad ketiga SM, kepulauan tersebut dimasukkan sebagai bagian dari Kekaisaran <a href="/wiki/Maurya" class="mw-redirect" title="Maurya">Maurya</a>, pada ekspansinya ke wilayah selatan, yang diperintah oleh kaisar Buddha, <a href="/wiki/Asoka" title="Asoka">Asoka</a> dari <a href="/wiki/Magadha" class="mw-redirect" title="Magadha">Magadha</a>.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> <a href="/wiki/Gua_Kanheri" title="Gua Kanheri">Gua Kanheri</a> di <a href="/wiki/Borivali" title="Borivali">Borivali</a> diekskavasi pada pertengahan abad ketiga SM,<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> dan berfungsi sebagai pusat penting agama Buddha di India Barat pada zaman kuno.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> Kota tersebut pada waktu itu disebut sebagai Heptanesia (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Yunani_Kuno" title="Bahasa Yunani Kuno">Bahasa Yunani Kuno</a>: Tujuh Pulau) oleh geografer Yunani <a href="/wiki/Ptolemaeus" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemaeus">Ptolemaeus</a> pada 150 Masehi.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gua_Mahakali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gua Mahakali (halaman belum tersedia)">Gua Mahakali</a> di <a href="/wiki/Andheri" title="Andheri">Andheri</a> dibangun antara abad ke-1 SM dan abad ke-6 M.<a href="#cite_note-battleneglect-59">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-threattocaves-60">[60]</a> Antara abad kedua SM dan abad kesembilan M, kepulauan tersebut berada di bawah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sejarah_Mumbai_di_bawah_kekaisaran_pribumi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sejarah Mumbai di bawah kekaisaran pribumi (halaman belum tersedia)">dinasti-dinasti pribumi</a> suksesif: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Satawahana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Satawahana (halaman belum tersedia)">Satawahana</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kshatrapa_Barat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kshatrapa Barat (halaman belum tersedia)">Kshatrapa Barat</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abhira&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abhira (halaman belum tersedia)">Abhira</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wakataka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wakataka (halaman belum tersedia)">Wakataka</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalachuri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kalachuri (halaman belum tersedia)">Kalachuri</a>, Konkan Maurya, <a href="/wiki/Dinasti_Chalukya" title="Dinasti Chalukya">Chalukya</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Dinasti_Rashtrakuta" title="Dinasti Rashtrakuta">Rashtrakuta</a>,<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> sebelum dikuasai oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dinasti_Silhara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dinasti Silhara (halaman belum tersedia)">dinasti Silhara</a> dari 810 sampai 1260.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> Beberapa bangunan bersejarah tertua di kota tersebut yang dibangun pada masa tersebut adalah, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gua_Jogeshwari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gua Jogeshwari (halaman belum tersedia)">Gua Jogeshwari</a> (antara 520 dan 525),<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> <a href="/wiki/Gua_Elephanta" title="Gua Elephanta">Gua Elephanta</a> (antara abad keenam sampai ketujuh),<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuil_Walkeshwar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kuil Walkeshwar (halaman belum tersedia)">Kuil Walkeshwar</a> (abad ke-10),<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-Walkeshwar-66">[66]</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tempat_Penampungan_Air_Banganga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tempat Penampungan Air Banganga (halaman belum tersedia)">Tempat Penampungan Air Banganga</a> (abad ke-12).<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-Banganga-68">[68]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Mumbai_03-2016_11_Haji_Ali_Dargah.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Mumbai_03-2016_11_Haji_Ali_Dargah.jpg/220px-Mumbai_03-2016_11_Haji_Ali_Dargah.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Mumbai_03-2016_11_Haji_Ali_Dargah.jpg/330px-Mumbai_03-2016_11_Haji_Ali_Dargah.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Mumbai_03-2016_11_Haji_Ali_Dargah.jpg/440px-Mumbai_03-2016_11_Haji_Ali_Dargah.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4858" data-file-height="3037" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Haji_Ali_Dargah" title="Haji Ali Dargah">Haji Ali Dargah</a> dibangun pada 1431, ketika Mumbai berada di bawah kekuasaan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kesultanan_Gujarat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kesultanan Gujarat (halaman belum tersedia)">Kesultanan Gujarat</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhimdev_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bhimdev II (halaman belum tersedia)">Raja Bhimdev</a> mendirikan kerajaannya di kawasan tersebut pada akhir abad ke-13 dan mendirikan ibu kotanya di Mahikawati (sekarang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mahim (halaman belum tersedia)">Mahim</a>).<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pathare_Prabhu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pathare Prabhu (halaman belum tersedia)">Pathare Prabhu</a>, salah satu pemukim paling terawal yang diketahui di kota tersebut, dikirimkan ke Mahikawati dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saurashtra_(kawasan)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saurashtra (kawasan) (halaman belum tersedia)">Saurashtra</a> di Gujarat sekitar tahun 1298 oleh Bhimdev.<a href="#cite_note-prabhu-70">[70]</a> <a href="/wiki/Kesultanan_Delhi" title="Kesultanan Delhi">Kesultanan Delhi</a> menganeksasikan kepulauan tersebut pada 1347–48 dan menguasainya sampai 1407. Pada masa itu, kepulauan tersebut diperintah oleh Gubernur-Gubernur Muslim <a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a>, yang ditunjuk oleh Kesultanan Delhi.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> Kepulauan tersebut kemudian diperintah oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kesultanan_Gujarat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kesultanan Gujarat (halaman belum tersedia)">Kesultanan Gujarat</a> independen, yang didirikan pada 1407. Kekuasaan Kesultanan tersebut berujung pada pembangunan beberapa masjid, yang terkenal adalah <a href="/wiki/Haji_Ali_Dargah" title="Haji Ali Dargah">Haji Ali Dargah</a> di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Worli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Worli (halaman belum tersedia)">Worli</a>, yang dibangun untuk menghormati tokoh suci Muslim Haji Ali pada 1431.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> Dari 1429 sampai 1431, kepulauan tersebut menjadi sumber perebutan antara Kesultanan Gujarat dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kesultanan_Bahamani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kesultanan Bahamani (halaman belum tersedia)">Kesultanan Bahamani</a> dari Deccan.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-mis-75">[75]</a> Pada 1493, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahadur_Khan_Gilani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahadur Khan Gilani (halaman belum tersedia)">Bahadur Khan Gilani</a> dari Kesultanan Bahamani berupaya untuk menaklukan kepulauan tersebut namun kalah.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kekuasaan_Portugis_dan_Inggris">Kekuasaan Portugis dan Inggris</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mumbai&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bagian: Kekuasaan Portugis dan Inggris" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mumbai&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Kekuasaan Portugis dan Inggris">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sejarah_Bombay_di_bawah_kekuasaan_Portugis_(1534%E2%80%931661)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sejarah Bombay di bawah kekuasaan Portugis (1534–1661) (halaman belum tersedia)">Sejarah Bombay di bawah kekuasaan Portugis (1534–1661)</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sejarah_Bombay_di_bawah_kekuasaan_Inggris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sejarah Bombay di bawah kekuasaan Inggris (halaman belum tersedia)">Sejarah Bombay di bawah kekuasaan Inggris</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Madh-fort3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Madh-fort3.jpg/220px-Madh-fort3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Madh-fort3.jpg/330px-Madh-fort3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Madh-fort3.jpg/440px-Madh-fort3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="452" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benteng_Madh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Benteng Madh (halaman belum tersedia)">Benteng Madh</a> yang dibangun oleh Portugis, merupakan salah satu benteng paling penting di <a href="/wiki/Salsette" class="mw-redirect" title="Salsette">Salsette</a>.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Mughal" title="Kekaisaran Mughal">Kekaisaran Mughal</a>, yang dibentuk pada 1526, merupakan kekuatan dominan di <a href="/wiki/Anak_benua_India" title="Anak benua India">anak benua India</a> pada pertengahan abad ke-16.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> Tumbuhnya kekhawatiran terhadap kekuasaan <a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Mughal" title="Kekaisaran Mughal">Mughal</a> <a href="/wiki/Humayun" title="Humayun">Humayun</a> membuat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahadur_Shah_dari_Gujarat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahadur Shah dari Gujarat (halaman belum tersedia)">Sultan Bahadur Shah</a> dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kesultanan_Gujarat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kesultanan Gujarat (halaman belum tersedia)">Kesultanan Gujarat</a> memutuskan untuk menandatangani <a href="/w/index.php?title=Traktat_Bassein_(1534)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Traktat Bassein (1534) (halaman belum tersedia)">Traktat Bassein</a> dengan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kekaisaran_Portugus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kekaisaran Portugus (halaman belum tersedia)">Kekaisaran Portugus</a> pada 23 Desember 1534. Menurut traktata tersebut, tujuh pulau di Bombay, kota strategis terdekat <a href="/wiki/Vasai" title="Vasai">Bassein</a> dan depedensi-depedensinya diberikan kepada Portugis. Teritorial tersebut kemudian disebarkan pada 25 Oktober 1535.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> Portugis aktif terlibat dalam pembentukan dan pertumbuhan ordo-ordo agama Katolik Roma mereka di Bombay.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> Mereka menyebut kepulauan tersebut dengan berbagai nama, yang akhirnya mengambil bentuk penulisan Bombaim. Kepulauan tersebut didiami beberapa perwira Portugis pada masa rezimnya. <a href="/wiki/Fransiskan" title="Fransiskan">Fransiskan</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Yesuit" title="Yesuit">Yesuit</a> Portugis membangun beberapa gereja di kota tersebut, yang terkenal adalah <a href="/wiki/Gereja_Santo_Mikael_(Mumbai)" title="Gereja Santo Mikael (Mumbai)">Gereja Santo Mikael</a> di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mahim (halaman belum tersedia)">Mahim</a> (1534),<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> <a href="/wiki/Gereja_Santo_Yohanes_Pembaptis,_Mumbai" title="Gereja Santo Yohanes Pembaptis, Mumbai">Gereja Santo Yohanes Pembaptis</a> di <a href="/wiki/Andheri" title="Andheri">Andheri</a> (1579),<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> <a href="/wiki/Gereja_Santo_Andreas_(Mumbai)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gereja Santo Andreas (Mumbai)">Gereja Santo Andreas</a> di <a href="/wiki/Bandra" title="Bandra">Bandra</a> (1580),<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Gereja_Gloria" title="Gereja Gloria">Gereja Gloria</a> di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Byculla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Byculla (halaman belum tersedia)">Byculla</a> (1632).<a href="#cite_note-gc-83">[83]</a> Portugis juga membangun beberapa benteng di sekitar kota tersebut seperti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kastel_Bombay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kastel Bombay (halaman belum tersedia)">Kastel Bombay</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Castella_de_Aguada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Castella de Aguada (halaman belum tersedia)">Castella de Aguada</a> (Castelo da Aguada atau Benteng Bandra), dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Benteng_Madh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Benteng Madh (halaman belum tersedia)">Benteng Madh</a>. <a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Inggris" class="mw-redirect" title="Kekaisaran Inggris">Inggris</a> berjuang terus menerus berjuang melawan Portugis terhadap hegemoni atas Bombay, karena mereka menyadari pelabuhan alami strategisnya dan isolasi alaminya dari serangan-serangan darat. Pada pertengahan abad ke-17, pertumbuhan kekuatan <a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Belanda" class="mw-redirect" title="Kekaisaran Belanda">Kekaisaran Belanda</a> memaksa <a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Inggris" class="mw-redirect" title="Kekaisaran Inggris">Inggris</a> mengakuisisi sebuah stasiun di barat India. Pada 11 Mei 1661, traktat pernikahan <a href="/wiki/Charles_II_dari_Inggris" title="Charles II dari Inggris">Charles II dari Inggris</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yekaterina_dari_Braganza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yekaterina dari Braganza (halaman belum tersedia)">Yekaterina dari Braganza</a>, putri dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yohanes_IV_dari_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yohanes IV dari Portugal (halaman belum tersedia)">Raja Yohanes IV dari Portugal</a>, membuat kepulauan tersebut menjadi bagian dari wilayah kekuasaan <a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Inggris" class="mw-redirect" title="Kekaisaran Inggris">Kekaisaran Inggris</a> sebagai bagian dari mahar Yekaterina kepada Charles.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> Namun, <a href="/wiki/Pulau_Salsette" title="Pulau Salsette">Salsette</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vasai" title="Vasai">Bassein</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mazagaon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mazagaon (halaman belum tersedia)">Mazagaon</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Parel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parel (halaman belum tersedia)">Parel</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Worli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Worli (halaman belum tersedia)">Worli</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sion,_Mumbai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sion, Mumbai (halaman belum tersedia)">Sion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dharavi" title="Dharavi">Dharavi</a>, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulau_Wadala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pulau Wadala (halaman belum tersedia)">Wadala</a> masih tetap berada di bawah kekuasaan Portugis. Dari 1665 sampai 1666, Inggris memutuskan untuk mengakuisisi Mahim, Sion, Dharavi, dan Wadala.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:AMH-6748-NA_Two_views_of_the_English_fort_in_Bombay.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/AMH-6748-NA_Two_views_of_the_English_fort_in_Bombay.jpg/220px-AMH-6748-NA_Two_views_of_the_English_fort_in_Bombay.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/AMH-6748-NA_Two_views_of_the_English_fort_in_Bombay.jpg/330px-AMH-6748-NA_Two_views_of_the_English_fort_in_Bombay.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/AMH-6748-NA_Two_views_of_the_English_fort_in_Bombay.jpg/440px-AMH-6748-NA_Two_views_of_the_English_fort_in_Bombay.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="2145" /></a><figcaption>Dua pemandangan dari sebuah benteng Inggris di Bombay, sekitar tahun 1665</figcaption></figure> Berkenaan dengan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Piagam_Kerajaan_27_Maret_1668&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Piagam Kerajaan 27 Maret 1668 (halaman belum tersedia)">Piagam Kerajaan 27 Maret 1668</a>, Inggris menyewakan pulau-pulau tersebut kepada <a href="/wiki/Perusahaan_Hindia_Timur_Inggris" class="mw-redirect" title="Perusahaan Hindia Timur Inggris">Perusahaan Hindia Timur Inggris</a> pada 1668 dengan tagihan <a href="/wiki/Pound_sterling" title="Pound sterling">£</a>10 per tahun.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> Populasinya berkembang cepat dari 10,000 pada 1661, sampai 60,000 pada 1675.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> Kepulauan tersebut kemudian diserang oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yakut_Khan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yakut Khan (halaman belum tersedia)">Yakut Khan</a>, laksamana <a href="/wiki/Siddi" title="Siddi">Siddi</a> dari <a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Mughal" title="Kekaisaran Mughal">Kekaisaran Mughal</a>, pada Oktober 1672,<a href="#cite_note-y72-88">[88]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rickloffe_van_Goen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rickloffe van Goen (halaman belum tersedia)">Rickloffe van Goen</a>, Gubernur-Jenderal <a href="/wiki/Perusahaan_Hindia_Timur_Belanda" title="Perusahaan Hindia Timur Belanda">Hindia Belanda</a> pada 20 Februari 1673,<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> dan laksamana <a href="/wiki/Siddi" title="Siddi">Siddi</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Siddi_Sambal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siddi Sambal (halaman belum tersedia)">Sambal</a> pada 10 Oktober 1673.<a href="#cite_note-y72-88">[88]</a> Pada 1687, Perusahaan Hindia Timur Inggris memindahkan markas besarnya dari <a href="/wiki/Surat,_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Surat, India">Surat</a> ke Bombay. Kota tersebut kemudian menjadi markas besar <a href="/wiki/Kepresidenan_Bombay" title="Kepresidenan Bombay">Kepresidenan Bombay</a>.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> Setelah pemindahan tersebut, Bombay ditempatkan sebagai kepala dari seluruh cabang Perusahaan tersebut di India.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> Sampai akhir abad ke-17, kepuloauan tersebut kembali mendapatkan serangan dari Yakut Khan pada 1689–90.<a href="#cite_note-iexpress-92">[92]</a> Kekuasaan Portugis berakhir di Bombay ketika <a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Maratha" class="mw-redirect" title="Kekaisaran Maratha">pasukan Maratha</a> yang berada di bawah pimpinan <a href="/wiki/Peshwa" title="Peshwa">Peshwa</a> <a href="/wiki/Baji_Rao_I" title="Baji Rao I">Baji Rao I</a> menaklukan <a href="/wiki/Pulau_Salsette" title="Pulau Salsette">Salsette</a> pada 1737, dan <a href="/wiki/Vasai" title="Vasai">Bassein</a> pada 1739.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> Pada pertengahan abad ke-18, Bombay mulai berkembang menjadi kota dagang besar, dan meraih jumlah migran yang banyak dari seluruh belahan India.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> Kemudian, Inggris menduduki Salsette pada 28 Desember 1774. Dengan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Traktat_Surat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Traktat Surat (halaman belum tersedia)">Traktat Surat</a> (1775), Inggris secara resmi memegang kendali atas <a href="/wiki/Salsette" class="mw-redirect" title="Salsette">Salsette</a> dan Bassein, yang berujung pada <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perang_Inggris-Maratha_Pertama&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perang Inggris-Maratha Pertama (halaman belum tersedia)">Perang Inggris-Maratha Pertama</a>.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> Inggris dapat mengamankan Salsette dari pasukan Maratha tanpa kekerasan melalui <a href="/w/index.php?title=Traktat_Purandar_(1776)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Traktat Purandar (1776) (halaman belum tersedia)">Traktat Purandar</a> (1776),<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> dan kemudian melalui <a href="/w/index.php?title=Traktat_Salbai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Traktat Salbai (halaman belum tersedia)">Traktat Salbai</a> (1782), ditandatangani untuk menentukan hasil dari Perang Inggris-Maratha Pertama.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Ships_in_Bombay_Harbour,_1731.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Ships_in_Bombay_Harbour%2C_1731.jpg/220px-Ships_in_Bombay_Harbour%2C_1731.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Ships_in_Bombay_Harbour%2C_1731.jpg/330px-Ships_in_Bombay_Harbour%2C_1731.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Ships_in_Bombay_Harbour%2C_1731.jpg/440px-Ships_in_Bombay_Harbour%2C_1731.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="610" /></a><figcaption>Kapal-kapal di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pelabuhan_Bombay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pelabuhan Bombay (halaman belum tersedia)">Pelabuhan Bombay</a> (s. 1731). Bombay dijadikan kota dagang signifikan pada pertengahan abad ke-18.</figcaption></figure> Dari 1782 dan seterusnya, kota tersebut dirombak dengan proyek-proyek teknik sipil berskala besar dalam rangka menggabung seluruh tujuh pulau menjadi sebuah daratan tunggal. Proyek tersebut, yang dikenal sebagai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hornby_Vellard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hornby Vellard (halaman belum tersedia)">Hornby Vellard</a>, terselesaikan pada 1784.<a href="#cite_note-Dwivedi_2001_28-18">[18]</a> Pada 1817, Perusahaan Hindia Timur Britania yang berada di bawah pimpinan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mountstuart_Elphinstone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mountstuart Elphinstone (halaman belum tersedia)">Mountstuart Elphinstone</a> mengalahkan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Baji_Rao_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baji Rao II (halaman belum tersedia)">Baji Rao II</a>, Peshwa Maratha terakhir dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pertempuran_Khadki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pertempuran Khadki (halaman belum tersedia)">Pertempuran Khadki</a>.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> Setelah kekalahannya, hampir keseluruhan wilayah Deccan berada di bawah kedaulatan Inggris, dan dimasukkan dalam Kepresidenan Bombay. Keberhasilan kampanye Inggris di Deccan menandai pembebasan Bombay dari seluruh serangan dari kekuatan-kekuatan pribumi.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> Pada 1845, tujuh pulau tersebut selesai digabungnya menjadi sebuah daratan tunggal oleh proyek Hornby Vellard melalui <a href="/w/index.php?title=Reklamasi_laha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reklamasi laha (halaman belum tersedia)">reklamasi laha</a> berskala besar.<a href="#cite_note-fp-onceuponatime-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-mumfact-100">[100]</a> Pada 16 April 1853, jalur kereta api penumpang pertama di India didirikan, menghubungan Bombay menuju kota tetangga <a href="/wiki/Thane" title="Thane">Thana</a> (sekarang Thane).<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> Pada <a href="/wiki/Perang_Saudara_Amerika" title="Perang Saudara Amerika">Perang Saudara Amerika</a> (1861–1865), kota tersebut menjadi pasar dagang kapas utama di dunia, menyebabkan ledakan ekonomi yang kemudian meningkatkan taraf hidup di kota tersebut.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> Pembukaan <a href="/wiki/Terusan_Suez" title="Terusan Suez">Terusan Suez</a> pada 1869 membuat Bombay menjadi salah satu pelabuhan terbesar di <a href="/wiki/Laut_Arab" title="Laut Arab">Laut Arab</a>.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> Pada September 1896, Bombay diserang oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wabah_pes_Mumbai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wabah pes Mumbai (halaman belum tersedia)">wabah pes bubonik</a> yang menewaskan sekitar 1,900 orang per minggu.<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> Sekitar 850,000 orang pergi dari Bombay dan industri tekstil terkena dampaknya.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> Sebagai ibu kota <a href="/wiki/Kepresidenan_Bombay" title="Kepresidenan Bombay">Kepresidenan Bombay</a>, kota tersebut menjadi saksi bisu <a href="/wiki/Gerakan_kemerdekaan_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Gerakan kemerdekaan India">gerakan kemerdekaan India</a>, dengan <a href="/wiki/Gerakan_Keluar_India" title="Gerakan Keluar India">Gerakan Keluar India</a> pada 1942 dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Serangan_Angkatan_Laut_Kerajaan_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serangan Angkatan Laut Kerajaan India (halaman belum tersedia)">Serangan Angkatan Laut Kerajaan India</a> pada 1946 menjadi peristiwa paling terkenalnya.<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="India_independen">India independen</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mumbai&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bagian: India independen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mumbai&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: India independen">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sejarah_Bombay_di_India_independen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sejarah Bombay di India independen (halaman belum tersedia)">Sejarah Bombay di India independen</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Victoria_Terminus,_Bombay_in_1950.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Victoria_Terminus%2C_Bombay_in_1950.jpg/220px-Victoria_Terminus%2C_Bombay_in_1950.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Victoria_Terminus%2C_Bombay_in_1950.jpg/330px-Victoria_Terminus%2C_Bombay_in_1950.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Victoria_Terminus%2C_Bombay_in_1950.jpg/440px-Victoria_Terminus%2C_Bombay_in_1950.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="638" /></a><figcaption>Terminal Victoria, Bombay pada 1950</figcaption></figure> Setelah kemerdekaan India pada 1947, teritorial <a href="/wiki/Kepresidenan_Bombay" title="Kepresidenan Bombay">Kepresidenan Bombay</a> dipertahankan oleh India untuk distruktur ulang menjadi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Negara_Bagian_Bombay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Negara Bagian Bombay (halaman belum tersedia)">Negara Bagian Bombay</a>. Wilayah Negara Bagian Bombay meningkat, setelah beberapa wilayah kerajaan yang bergabung dengan uni India diintegrasikan ke dalam negara bagian tersebut. Kemudian, kota tersebut menjadi ibu kota Negara Bagian Bombay.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> Pada April 1950, batas-batas munisipal Bombay diperluas dengan menggabungkan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Distrik_subperkotaan_Mumbai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Distrik subperkotaan Mumbai (halaman belum tersedia)">Distrik Subperkotaan Bombay</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Distrik_kota_Mumbai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Distrik kota Mumbai (halaman belum tersedia)">Kota Bombay</a> untuk membentuk Perusahaan Munisipal Bombay Besar.<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> <a href="/wiki/Gerakan_Samyukta_Maharashtra" title="Gerakan Samyukta Maharashtra">Gerakan Samyukta Maharashtra</a> untuk membuat sebuah negara Maharashtra terpisah yang meliputi Bombay memuncak pada 1950-an. Dalam diskusi <a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a> pada 1955, <a href="/wiki/Kongres_Nasional_India" title="Kongres Nasional India">partai Kongres</a> menyatakan bahwa kota tersebut dijadikan sebagai kota-negara otonomi.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> Komite <a href="/wiki/Undang-Undang_Reorganisasi_Negara-Negara_Bagian" class="mw-redirect" title="Undang-Undang Reorganisasi Negara-Negara Bagian">Reorganisasi Negara-Negara Bagian</a> merekomendasikan sebuah negara bagian dwi-bahasa untuk Maharashtra–<a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a> dengan Bombay sebagai ibu kotanya dalam laporan 1955-nya. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Komite_Kewarganegaraan_Bombay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Komite Kewarganegaraan Bombay (halaman belum tersedia)">Komite Kewarganegaraan Bombay</a>, sebuah kelompok advokasi yang memimpin kaum industrialis <a href="/wiki/Orang_Gujarati" class="mw-redirect" title="Orang Gujarati">Gujarati</a> mendukung status independen Bombay.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> Setelah unjuk rasa pada gerakan tersebut dimana 105 tewas dalam bentrokan dengan polisi, Negara Bagian Bombay direorganisasi beradarkan pada garis linguistik pada 1 Mei 1960.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> Wilayah ber<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Gujarati" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Gujarati">bahasa Gujarati</a> dari Negara Bagian Bombay dipisah menjadi negara bagian Gujarat.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> Negara Bagian Maharashtra dengan Bombay sebagai ibu kotanya dibentuk dengan penggabungan wilayah ber<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Marathi" title="Bahasa Marathi">Marathi</a> dari Negara Bagian Bombay, delapan distrik dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Provinsi-Provinsi_Tengah_dan_Berar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Provinsi-Provinsi Tengah dan Berar (halaman belum tersedia)">Provinsi-Provinsi Tengah dan Berar</a>, lima distrik dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Negara_Bagian_Hyderabad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Negara Bagian Hyderabad (halaman belum tersedia)">Negara Bagian Hyderabad</a>, dan sejumlah wilayah kerajaan yang berdekatan dengan wilayah-wilayah tersebut.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> Untuk mengenang para martir gerakan Samyukta Maharashtra, Flora Fountain diganti nama menjadi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hutatma_Chowk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hutatma Chowk (halaman belum tersedia)">Hutatma Chowk</a> (Lapangan Martir), dan sebuah monumen didirikan.<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Hutatma_Chowk.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Hutatma_Chowk.jpg/170px-Hutatma_Chowk.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="288" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Hutatma_Chowk.jpg/255px-Hutatma_Chowk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Hutatma_Chowk.jpg/340px-Hutatma_Chowk.jpg 2x" data-file-width="451" data-file-height="763" /></a><figcaption>Monuman <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hutatma_Chowk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hutatma Chowk (halaman belum tersedia)">Hutatma Chowk</a>, dibangun untuk menghormati para martir <a href="/w/index.php?title=Samyukta_Maharashtra_Samiti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samyukta Maharashtra Samiti (halaman belum tersedia)">herakan Samyukta Maharashtra</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Flora_Fountain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flora Fountain (halaman belum tersedia)">Flora Fountain</a> berada di sisi kirinya dalam latar belakang.)</figcaption></figure>Pada beberapa dekade berikutnya, perluasan masif dilakukan di kota tersebut dan sub-subperkotaannya. Pada akhir 1960-an, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nariman_Point&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nariman Point (halaman belum tersedia)">Nariman Point</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cuffe_Parade&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cuffe Parade (halaman belum tersedia)">Cuffe Parade</a> direklamasi dan dikembangkan.<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Otoritas_Pengembangan_Kawasan_Metropolitan_Mumbai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Otoritas Pengembangan Kawasan Metropolitan Mumbai (halaman belum tersedia)">Otoritas Pengembangan Kawasan Metropolitan Mumbai</a> didirikan pada 26 Januari 1975 oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemerintah_Maharashtra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pemerintah Maharashtra (halaman belum tersedia)">Pemerintah Maharashtra</a> sebagai sebuah badan perencanaan dan koordinasi aktivitas pengembangan di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_metropolitan_Mumbai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kawasan metropolitan Mumbai (halaman belum tersedia)">kawasan metropolitan Bombay</a>.<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> Pada Agustus 1979, sebuah kotapraja saudari <a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Bombay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="New Bombay (halaman belum tersedia)">New Bombay</a> dibentuk oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perusahaan_Pengembangan_Industrial_dan_Perkotaan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perusahaan Pengembangan Industrial dan Perkotaan (halaman belum tersedia)">Perusahaan Pengembangan Industrial dan Perkotaan</a> di sepanjang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Distrik_Thane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Distrik Thane (halaman belum tersedia)">distrik Thane</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Distrik_Raigad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Distrik Raigad (halaman belum tersedia)">distrik Raigad</a> untuk membantu kontrol populasi Bombay. Industri tekstil di Bombay sebagian besar lenyap setelah merebaknya <a href="/w/index.php?title=Serangan_Tekstil_Bombay_Besar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serangan Tekstil Bombay Besar (halaman belum tersedia)">Serangan Tekstil Bombay Besar</a> 1982, dimana sekitar 250,000 buruh di lebih dari 50 pabrik tekstil terlibat serangan tersebut.<a href="#cite_note-a-118">[118]</a> Pabrik-pabrik kapas Mumbai yang dibubarkan sejak itu menjadi berfokus pada <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengembangan_ulang_pabrik-pabrik_Mumbai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pengembangan ulang pabrik-pabrik Mumbai (halaman belum tersedia)">pengembangan ulang intens</a>.<a href="#cite_note-skylimit-119">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-revisitmills-120">[120]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pelabuhan_Jawaharlal_Nehru&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pelabuhan Jawaharlal Nehru (halaman belum tersedia)">Pelabuhan Jawaharlal Nehru</a>, yang sekarang menangani 55–60% kargo berkontainer di India, dibuka pada 26 Mei 1989 di sepanjang sungai di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nhava_Sheva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nhava Sheva (halaman belum tersedia)">Nhava Sheva</a> dengan pemandangan <a href="/wiki/Pelabuhan_Mumbai" title="Pelabuhan Mumbai">Pelabuhan Bombay</a> dan bertugas sebagai pusat pelabuhan bagi kota tersebut.<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> Batas-batas geografi Bombay Besar sejajar dengan batas-batas munisipal Bombay Besar. Pada 1 Oktober 1990, distrik Bombay Besar dicabangkan untuk membentuk dua distrik yang bernama <a href="/w/index.php?title=Distrik_Kota_Mumbai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Distrik Kota Mumbai (halaman belum tersedia)">Kota Bombay</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Distrik_Subpetkotaan_Mumbai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Distrik Subpetkotaan Mumbai (halaman belum tersedia)">Subperkotaan Bombay</a>, meskipun mereka tetap diurus oleh Administrasi Munisipal yang sama.<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> Dari 1990 sampai 2010, kekerasan meningkat di kota yang sangat damai tersebut. Setelah penghancuran <a href="/wiki/Masjid_Babri" title="Masjid Babri">Masjid Babri</a> di <a href="/wiki/Ayodhya" title="Ayodhya">Ayodhya</a>, kota tersebut dihujam oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kerusuhan_Bombay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kerusuhan Bombay (halaman belum tersedia)">kerusuhan Hindu-Muslim 1992–93</a> dimana lebih dari 1,000 orang tewas. Pada 12 Maret 1993, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengeboman_Bombay_1993&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pengeboman Bombay 1993 (halaman belum tersedia)">serangkaian 13 pengeboman terencana</a> di beberapa markah tanah kota oleh kaum ekstrim Islam dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerakan_bawah_tanah_Mumbai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gerakan bawah tanah Mumbai (halaman belum tersedia)">gerakan bawah tanah Mumbai</a> mengakibatkan 257 orang tewas dan lebih dari 700 orang luka-luka.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> Pada 2006, 209 orang tewas dan lebih dari 700 orang luka-luka ketika <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengeboman_kereta_Mumbai_11_Juli_2006&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pengeboman kereta Mumbai 11 Juli 2006 (halaman belum tersedia)">tujuh bom meledak</a> di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jalur_Kereta_Api_Subperkotaan_Mumbai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jalur Kereta Api Subperkotaan Mumbai (halaman belum tersedia)">kereta-kereta komuter</a> di kota tersebut.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> Pada 2008, serangakaian <a href="/w/index.php?title=Serangan_Mumbai_26_November_2008&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serangan Mumbai 26 November 2008 (halaman belum tersedia)">sepuluh serangan terencana</a> oleh para teroris bersenjata selama tiga hari mengakibatkan 173 orang tewas, 308 orang luka-luka, dan beberapa markah tanah warisan dan hotel-hotel prestisius rusak parah.<a href="#cite_note-Casualties-125">[125]</a> Sebuah ledakan yang terjadi di Opera House, Zaveri Bazaar, dan Dadar pada <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengeboman_Mumbai_13_Juli_2011&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pengeboman Mumbai 13 Juli 2011 (halaman belum tersedia)">13 Juli 2011</a> adalah serangkaian serangan teroris terbaru di Mumbai.<a href="#cite_note-13_July_Mumbai_bombings-126">[126]</a> Mumbai adalah ibu kota komersial di India dan telah terlibat sebagai sebuah pusat keuangan dunia.<a href="#cite_note-Mumbai_global-127">[127]</a> Selama beberapa dekade, kota tersebut telah menjadi rumah dari layanan-layanan keuangan utama di India, dan sebuah fokus untuk pengembangan infrastruktur dan investasi pribadi.<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> Dari komunitas perikanan kuno dan pusat dagang kolonial, Mumbai telah menjadi kota terbesar di Asia Selatan dan rumah dari industri film paling produktif di dunia.<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geografi">Geografi</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mumbai&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bagian: Geografi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mumbai&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Geografi">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Geografi_Mumbai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geografi Mumbai (halaman belum tersedia)">Geografi Mumbai</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mumbai_Selatan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mumbai Selatan (halaman belum tersedia)">Mumbai Selatan</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Subperkotaan_Barat_(Mumbai)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Subperkotaan Barat (Mumbai) (halaman belum tersedia)">Subperkotaan Barat (Mumbai)</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Subperktoaan_Timur_(Mumbai)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Subperktoaan Timur (Mumbai) (halaman belum tersedia)">Subperktoaan Timur (Mumbai)</a>, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_kawasan_di_Mumbai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar kawasan di Mumbai (halaman belum tersedia)">Daftar kawasan di Mumbai</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Mumbaicitydistricts.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Mumbai berada di sebuah jazirah kecil di barat daya Pulau Salsette, yang berbatasan dengan Laut Arab di bagian barat, Sungai Thane di bagian timur, dan Sungai Vasai di bagian utara. Distrik subperkotaan di Mumbai meliputi sebagian besar pulau tersebut. Navi Mumbai berada di timur Sungai Thane, dan Distrik Thane berada di bagian utara Sungai Vasai." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Mumbaicitydistricts.png/170px-Mumbaicitydistricts.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="288" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/57/Mumbaicitydistricts.png 1.5x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="339" /></a><figcaption>Mumbai terdiri dari dua distrik</figcaption></figure>Mumbai terdiri dari dua kawasan berbeda: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Distrik_Kota_Mumbai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Distrik Kota Mumbai (halaman belum tersedia)">Distrik Kota Mumbai</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Distrik_Subperkotaan_Mumbai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Distrik Subperkotaan Mumbai (halaman belum tersedia)">Distrik Subperkotaan Mumbai</a>, yang membentuk dua distrik terpisah di Maharashtra.<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> Kawasan distrik kontes tersebut juga umumnya disebut sebagai Kota Pulau atau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mumbai_Selatan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mumbai Selatan (halaman belum tersedia)">Mumbai Selatan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-mmrda_muip_gdp-23">[23]</a> Total luas wilayah Mumbai adalah 603.4 km2 (233 sq mi).<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> Dari luas wilayah tersebut, luas kota pulau-nya meliputi 67.79 km2 (26 sq mi), sementara distrik subperkotaan-nya meliputi 370 km2 (143 sq mi), sementara wilayah lainnya yang seluas 437.71 km2 (169 sq mi) berada di bawah naungan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perusahaan_Munisipal_Mumbai_Besar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perusahaan Munisipal Mumbai Besar (halaman belum tersedia)">Perusahaan Munisipal Mumbai Besar</a> (PMMB). Kawasan-kawasan yang tersisa masuk dalam berbagai tempat pertahanan, <a href="/wiki/Pelabuhan_Mumbai" title="Pelabuhan Mumbai">Pelabuhan Mumbai</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Komisi_Energi_Atom_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Komisi Energi Atom India (halaman belum tersedia)">Komisi Energi Atom</a> dan Taman Nasional Borivali, yang berada di luar naungan PMMB.<a href="#cite_note-trf-132">[132]</a> Mumbai membentang di mulut <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sungai_Ulhas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sungai Ulhas (halaman belum tersedia)">Sungai Ulhas</a> di pesisir barat India, di kawasan pesisir yang dikenal sebagai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Konkan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konkan (halaman belum tersedia)">Konkan</a>. Wilayah tersebut duduk di atas <a href="/wiki/Pulau_Salsette" title="Pulau Salsette">Pulau Salsette</a> (Pulau Sashti), yang sebagian berbagi dengan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Distrik_Thane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Distrik Thane (halaman belum tersedia)">distrik Thane</a>.<a href="#cite_note-geo-133">[133]</a> Mumbai berbatasan dengan <a href="/wiki/Laut_Arab" title="Laut Arab">Laut Arab</a> di bagian barat.<a href="#cite_note-mloc-134">[134]</a> Beberapa bagian kota tersebut berada di atas permukaan laut, dengan ketinggian dari 10 m (33 kaki) sampai 15 m (49 kaki);<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> kota tersebut memiliki rata-rata ketinggian 14 m (46 kaki).<a href="#cite_note-Wbase-136">[136]</a> Mumbai Utara (Salsette) merupakan wilayah yang berbukit,<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> dan titik tertinggi di kota tersebut adalah 450 m (1,476 kaki) di Salsette di rangkaian <a href="/w/index.php?title=Powai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Powai (halaman belum tersedia)">Powai</a>–<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanheri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kanheri (halaman belum tersedia)">Kanheri</a>.<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Taman_Nasional_Sanjay_Gandhi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taman Nasional Sanjay Gandhi (halaman belum tersedia)">Taman Nasional Sanjay Gandhi</a> (Taman Nasional Borivali) sebagian berada di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Distrik_subperkotaan_Mumbai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Distrik subperkotaan Mumbai (halaman belum tersedia)">distrik subperkotaan Mumbai</a>, dan sebagian di distrik Thane, dan memiliki wilayah seluas103.09 km2 (39.80 mil persegi).<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> Selain <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dam_Bhatsa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dam Bhatsa (halaman belum tersedia)">Dam Bhatsa</a>, terdapat enam danau besar yang menyuplai air ke kota tersebut: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Danau_Vihar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Danau Vihar (halaman belum tersedia)">Vihar</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dam_Vaitarna_Tengah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dam Vaitarna Tengah (halaman belum tersedia)">Vaitarna Hilir</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dam_Vaitarna_Hulu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dam Vaitarna Hulu (halaman belum tersedia)">Vaitarna Hulu</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Danau_Tulsi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Danau Tulsi (halaman belum tersedia)">Tulsi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dam_Tansa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dam Tansa (halaman belum tersedia)">Tansa</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Powai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Powai (halaman belum tersedia)">Powai</a>. Danau Tulsi dan Danau Vihar terletak di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Taman_Nasional_Borivili&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taman Nasional Borivili (halaman belum tersedia)">Taman Nasional Borivili</a>, yang berada dalam batas kota tersebut, Suplai dari danau Powai, yang juga berada dalam batas kota tersebut, hanya digunakan untuk keperluan pertanian dan industrial.<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> Tiga sungai kecil, <a href="/wiki/Sungai_Dahisar" title="Sungai Dahisar">Sungai Dahisar</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sungai_Poisar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sungai Poisar (halaman belum tersedia)">Poinsar (atau Poisar)</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sungai_Oshiwara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sungai Oshiwara (halaman belum tersedia)">Ohiwara (atau Oshiwara)</a> bermuara dari taman tersebut, sementara <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sungai_Mithi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sungai Mithi (halaman belum tersedia)">Sungai Mithi</a> yang berpolusi bermuara dari Danau Tulsi dan mengumpulkan air yang mengalir dari Danau Vihar dan Powai.<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> Garis pesisir kota tersebut dikelilingi oleh sejumlah sungai dan teluk, dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sungai_Thane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sungai Thane (halaman belum tersedia)">sungai Thane</a> di bagian timur sampai Madh Marve di bagian barat.<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> Pesisir timur Pulau Salsette diselimuti oleh <a href="/wiki/Rawa" title="Rawa">rawa</a>-rawa <a href="/wiki/Mangrove" title="Mangrove">mangrove</a> besar, yang kaya akan keanekaragaman hayati, sementara pesisir baratnya sebagian besar berpasir dan berbatu.<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a> Tanah yang menyelimuti wilayah kota tersebut umumnya berpasir karena berdekatan dengan laut. Di subperkotaan, tanah yang menyelimuti sebagian <a href="/wiki/Aluvial" title="Aluvial">aluvial</a> dan ber<a href="/wiki/Geluh" title="Geluh">geluh</a>.<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a> Bebatuan di di wilayah tersebut terdiri dari lapisan basalt <a href="/wiki/Dekkan" class="mw-redirect" title="Dekkan">Dekkan</a> hitam, dan dengan kandungan asam dan basa yang beragam yang berasal dari akhir zaman <a href="/wiki/Kretaseus" class="mw-redirect" title="Kretaseus">Kretaseus</a> dan awal zaman <a href="/wiki/Eosen" title="Eosen">Eosen</a>.<a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a> Mumbai berada di <a href="/wiki/Seismologi" title="Seismologi">zona aktif seismik</a> yang dilewati 23 garis sesar di kawasan sekitar.<a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> Wilayah tersebut diklasifikasikan sebagai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zona_gempa_bumi_di_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zona gempa bumi di India (halaman belum tersedia)">wilayah Zona Seismik III</a>,<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a> yang artinya dapat terjadi gempa bumi berkekuatan 6.5 skala Richter.<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iklim">Iklim</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mumbai&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Sunting bagian: Iklim" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mumbai&action=edit&section=7" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Iklim">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:India_mumbai_temperature_precipitation_averages_chart.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Rata-rata suhu antara 23 °C (73 °F) pada bulan Januari sampai 30 °C (86 °F) pada bulan Mei. Presipitasi berada pada atau hampir mendekati nol dari November sampai Mei, kemudian meningkat dengan cepat sampai sekitar 600 mm (23,62 in) pada bulan Juli, sehabis itu turun secara bertahap." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/India_mumbai_temperature_precipitation_averages_chart.svg/220px-India_mumbai_temperature_precipitation_averages_chart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/India_mumbai_temperature_precipitation_averages_chart.svg/330px-India_mumbai_temperature_precipitation_averages_chart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/India_mumbai_temperature_precipitation_averages_chart.svg/440px-India_mumbai_temperature_precipitation_averages_chart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="562" /></a><figcaption>Rata-rata suhu dan presipitasi di Mumbai</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Iklim_Mumbai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iklim Mumbai (halaman belum tersedia)">Iklim Mumbai</a></div> Mumbai memiliki <a href="/wiki/Iklim_tropis" class="mw-redirect" title="Iklim tropis">iklim tropis</a>, khususnya <a href="/wiki/Iklim_savana_tropis" class="mw-redirect" title="Iklim savana tropis">iklim basah dan kering tropis</a> (Aw) di bawah <a href="/wiki/Klasifikasi_iklim_K%C3%B6ppen" title="Klasifikasi iklim Köppen">klasifikasi iklim Köppen</a>, dengan tujuh bulan kekeringan dan puncak curah hujan pada bulan Juli.<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> Musim dingin yang terjadi dari Desember sampai Februari disusul oleh musim panas dari Maret sampai Juni. Periode dari Juni sampai sekitar akhir September mengalami musim muson barat daya, dan Oktober dan November membentuk musim pasca-muson.<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a> Antara Juni dan September, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Muson_anak_benua_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muson anak benua India (halaman belum tersedia)">muson barat daya</a> menerjang kota tersebut. Pancuran pra-muson terjadi pada bulan Mei. Biasanya, pancuran muson timur laut terjadi pada bulan Oktober dan November. Curah hujan maksimum tahunan yang pernah tercatat adalah 3.452 mm (136 in) pada 1954.<a href="#cite_note-clra-151">[151]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Banjir_Mumbai_2005&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Banjir Mumbai 2005 (halaman belum tersedia)">Curah hujan tertinggi</a> yang tercatat dalam sehari adalah 944 mm (37 in) pada <a href="/w/index.php?title=Banjir_Maharashtra_2005&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Banjir Maharashtra 2005 (halaman belum tersedia)">26 Juli 2005</a>.<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a> Total rata-rata curah hujan tahunan adalah 21.466 mm (845 in) untuk Kota Pulau tersebut, dan 2.457 mm (97 in) untuk sub-subperkotaan.<a href="#cite_note-clra-151">[151]</a> Rata-rata suhu tahunannya adalah 272 °C (522 °F), dan rata-rata <a href="/wiki/Presipitasi_(meteorologi)" title="Presipitasi (meteorologi)">presipitasi</a> tahunannya adalah 2.167 mm (85 in).<a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a> Di Kota Pulau tersebut, rata-rata suhu maksimumnya adalah 312 °C (594 °F), sementara rata-rata suhu minimumnya adalah 237 °C (459 °F). Di sub-subperkotaan, suhu maksimum hariannya adalah dari 291 °C (556 °F) sampai 333 °C (631 °F), sementara suhu minimum hariannya adalah dari 163 °C (325 °F) sampai 262 °C (504 °F).<a href="#cite_note-clra-151">[151]</a> Rekor tertingginya adalah 422 °C (792 °F) yang terjadi pada 14 April 1952,<a href="#cite_note-IMD2-154">[154]</a> dan rekor terendahnya adalah 74 °C (165 °F) yang terjadi pada 27 Januari 1962.<a href="#cite_note-IMD2-154">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <table class="wikitable collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; font-size:90%; line-height: 1.1em; margin:auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Data iklim Mumbai (<a href="/wiki/Bandar_Udara_Internasional_Chhatrapati_Shivaji" class="mw-redirect" title="Bandar Udara Internasional Chhatrapati Shivaji">Bandar Udara Internasional Chhatrapati Shivaji</a>) </th></tr> <tr> <th>Bulan </th> <th><abbr class="abbr" title="Januari">Jan</abbr> </th> <th><abbr class="abbr" title="Februari">Feb</abbr> </th> <th><abbr class="abbr" title="Maret">Mar</abbr> </th> <th><abbr class="abbr" title="April">Apr</abbr> </th> <th>Mei </th> <th><abbr class="abbr" title="Juni">Jun</abbr> </th> <th><abbr class="abbr" title="Juli">Jul</abbr> </th> <th><abbr class="abbr" title="Agustus">Agt</abbr> </th> <th><abbr class="abbr" title="September">Sep</abbr> </th> <th><abbr class="abbr" title="Oktober">Okt</abbr> </th> <th><abbr class="abbr" title="November">Nov</abbr> </th> <th><abbr class="abbr" title="Desember">Des</abbr> </th> <th style="border-left-width:medium">Tahun </th></tr> <tr> <th height="16">Rekor tertinggi °C (°F) </th> <td style="background:#FF1E00;color:#000000;text-align:center;">37.1 (98.8) </td> <td style="background:#FF0D00;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">39.6 (103.3) </td> <td style="background:#FC0000;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">41.7 (107.1) </td> <td style="background:#F50000;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">42.2 (108) </td> <td style="background:#FF0300;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">41.0 (105.8) </td> <td style="background:#FF1E00;color:#000000;text-align:center;">37.1 (98.8) </td> <td style="background:#FF2E00;color:#000000;text-align:center;">34.8 (94.6) </td> <td style="background:#FF3700;color:#000000;text-align:center;">33.5 (92.3) </td> <td style="background:#FF2300;color:#000000;text-align:center;">36.4 (97.5) </td> <td style="background:#FF1800;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">37.9 (100.2) </td> <td style="background:#FF1C00;color:#000000;text-align:center;">37.4 (99.3) </td> <td style="background:#FF0B00;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">39.8 (103.6) </td> <td style="background:#F50000;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center; border-left-width:medium">42.2 (108) </td></tr> <tr> <th height="16">Rata-rata tertinggi °C (°F) </th> <td style="background:#FF4A00;color:#000000;text-align:center;">30.7 (87.3) </td> <td style="background:#FF4600;color:#000000;text-align:center;">31.2 (88.2) </td> <td style="background:#FF3E00;color:#000000;text-align:center;">32.5 (90.5) </td> <td style="background:#FF3A00;color:#000000;text-align:center;">33.0 (91.4) </td> <td style="background:#FF3800;color:#000000;text-align:center;">33.3 (91.9) </td> <td style="background:#FF4000;color:#000000;text-align:center;">32.1 (89.8) </td> <td style="background:#FF4F00;color:#000000;text-align:center;">30.0 (86) </td> <td style="background:#FF5200;color:#000000;text-align:center;">29.6 (85.3) </td> <td style="background:#FF4C00;color:#000000;text-align:center;">30.4 (86.7) </td> <td style="background:#FF3900;color:#000000;text-align:center;">33.2 (91.8) </td> <td style="background:#FF3700;color:#000000;text-align:center;">33.5 (92.3) </td> <td style="background:#FF4100;color:#000000;text-align:center;">32.0 (89.6) </td> <td style="background:#FF4200;color:#000000;text-align:center; border-left-width:medium">31.8 (89.2) </td></tr> <tr> <th height="16">Rata-rata terendah °C (°F) </th> <td style="background:#FFAA55;color:#000000;text-align:center;">16.8 (62.2) </td> <td style="background:#FFA347;color:#000000;text-align:center;">17.8 (64) </td> <td style="background:#FF8D1B;color:#000000;text-align:center;">21.0 (69.8) </td> <td style="background:#FF7900;color:#000000;text-align:center;">23.9 (75) </td> <td style="background:#FF6800;color:#000000;text-align:center;">26.3 (79.3) </td> <td style="background:#FF6A00;color:#000000;text-align:center;">26.0 (78.8) </td> <td style="background:#FF7200;color:#000000;text-align:center;">24.9 (76.8) </td> <td style="background:#FF7300;color:#000000;text-align:center;">24.7 (76.5) </td> <td style="background:#FF7600;color:#000000;text-align:center;">24.3 (75.7) </td> <td style="background:#FF7C00;color:#000000;text-align:center;">23.4 (74.1) </td> <td style="background:#FF8D1C;color:#000000;text-align:center;">20.9 (69.6) </td> <td style="background:#FF9D3C;color:#000000;text-align:center;">18.6 (65.5) </td> <td style="background:#FF8308;color:#000000;text-align:center; border-left-width:medium">22.4 (72.3) </td></tr> <tr> <th height="16">Rekor terendah °C (°F) </th> <td style="background:#FFEBD7;color:#000000;text-align:center;">7.4 (45.3) </td> <td style="background:#FFE3C7;color:#000000;text-align:center;">8.5 (47.3) </td> <td style="background:#FFBE7E;color:#000000;text-align:center;">13.8 (56.8) </td> <td style="background:#FFA954;color:#000000;text-align:center;">16.9 (62.4) </td> <td style="background:#FF9226;color:#000000;text-align:center;">20.2 (68.4) </td> <td style="background:#FF952C;color:#000000;text-align:center;">19.8 (67.6) </td> <td style="background:#FF8B18;color:#000000;text-align:center;">21.2 (70.2) </td> <td style="background:#FF9831;color:#000000;text-align:center;">19.4 (66.9) </td> <td style="background:#FF8F1F;color:#000000;text-align:center;">20.7 (69.3) </td> <td style="background:#FFAA56;color:#000000;text-align:center;">16.7 (62.1) </td> <td style="background:#FFC285;color:#000000;text-align:center;">13.3 (55.9) </td> <td style="background:#FFD4AA;color:#000000;text-align:center;">10.6 (51.1) </td> <td style="background:#FFEBD7;color:#000000;text-align:center; border-left-width:medium">7.4 (45.3) </td></tr> <tr> <th height="16">Curah hujan mm (inci) </th> <td style="background:#FEFFFE;color:#000000;text-align:center;">0.6 (0.024) </td> <td style="background:#FCFFFC;color:#000000;text-align:center;">1.3 (0.051) </td> <td style="background:#FEFFFE;color:#000000;text-align:center;">0.2 (0.008) </td> <td style="background:#FDFFFD;color:#000000;text-align:center;">0.7 (0.028) </td> <td style="background:#ECFFEC;color:#000000;text-align:center;">12.5 (0.492) </td> <td style="background:#003000;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">523.1 (20.594) </td> <td style="background:#003000;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">799.7 (31.484) </td> <td style="background:#003000;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">529.7 (20.854) </td> <td style="background:#003000;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">312.3 (12.295) </td> <td style="background:#ABFFAB;color:#000000;text-align:center;">55.8 (2.197) </td> <td style="background:#E5FFE5;color:#000000;text-align:center;">16.8 (0.661) </td> <td style="background:#F7FFF7;color:#000000;text-align:center;">5.3 (0.209) </td> <td style="background:#00E000;color:#000000;text-align:center; border-left-width:medium">2.258 (88,898) </td></tr> <tr> <th height="16">Rata-rata hari hujan </th> <td style="background:#FDFDFF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">0.1 </td> <td style="background:#FDFDFF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">0.1 </td> <td style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">0.0 </td> <td style="background:#FDFDFF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">0.1 </td> <td style="background:#F6F6FF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">0.7 </td> <td style="background:#4646FF;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">14.5 </td> <td style="background:#0000DF;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">23.2 </td> <td style="background:#0000F5;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">21.4 </td> <td style="background:#4747FF;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">14.4 </td> <td style="background:#D9D9FF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">3.0 </td> <td style="background:#F2F2FF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">1.0 </td> <td style="background:#FAFAFF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">0.4 </td> <td style="background:#ACACFF;color:#000000;text-align:center; border-left-width:medium">78.9 </td></tr> <tr> <th height="16">% <a href="/wiki/Kelembapan" title="Kelembapan">kelembapan</a> </th> <td style="background:#0000F6;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">69 </td> <td style="background:#0000FD;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">67 </td> <td style="background:#0000F6;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">69 </td> <td style="background:#0000EE;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">71 </td> <td style="background:#0000F2;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">70 </td> <td style="background:#0000CB;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">80 </td> <td style="background:#0000B5;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">86 </td> <td style="background:#0000B5;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">86 </td> <td style="background:#0000C0;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">83 </td> <td style="background:#0000D3;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">78 </td> <td style="background:#0000EE;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">71 </td> <td style="background:#0000F6;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">69 </td> <td style="background:#0000DF;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center; border-left-width:medium">75 </td></tr> <tr> <th height="16">Rata-rata sinar matahari bulanan </th> <td style="background:#E7E700;color:#000000;text-align:center;">269.5 </td> <td style="background:#EBEB03;color:#000000;text-align:center;">257.6 </td> <td style="background:#E8E800;color:#000000;text-align:center;">274.3 </td> <td style="background:#ECEC07;color:#000000;text-align:center;">283.7 </td> <td style="background:#EDED09;color:#000000;text-align:center;">296.2 </td> <td style="background:#C5C503;color:#000000;text-align:center;">148.6 </td> <td style="background:#868686;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">73.4 </td> <td style="background:#8A8A8A;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">75.9 </td> <td style="background:#CDCD00;color:#000000;text-align:center;">165.1 </td> <td style="background:#E0E000;color:#000000;text-align:center;">240.2 </td> <td style="background:#E4E400;color:#000000;text-align:center;">245.8 </td> <td style="background:#E3E300;color:#000000;text-align:center;">253.2 </td> <td style="background:#DCDC00;color:#000000;text-align:center; border-left-width:medium">2.583,5 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:85%">Sumber #1: India Meteorological Department (Period 1961–1990, record high and low up to 2010)<a href="#cite_note-IMD-156">[156]</a><a href="#cite_note-IMD2-154">[154]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center; font-size:85%">Sumber #2: NOAA (humidity, sun 1971–1990) <a href="#cite_note-NOAA-157">[157]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ekonomi">Ekonomi</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mumbai&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Sunting bagian: Ekonomi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mumbai&action=edit&section=8" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Ekonomi">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomi_Mumbai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomi Mumbai (halaman belum tersedia)">Ekonomi Mumbai</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Bombay_Stock_Exchange,_Mumbai.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Bombay_Stock_Exchange%2C_Mumbai.jpg/220px-Bombay_Stock_Exchange%2C_Mumbai.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Bombay_Stock_Exchange%2C_Mumbai.jpg/330px-Bombay_Stock_Exchange%2C_Mumbai.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Bombay_Stock_Exchange%2C_Mumbai.jpg/440px-Bombay_Stock_Exchange%2C_Mumbai.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bursa_Saham_Bombay" class="mw-redirect" title="Bursa Saham Bombay">Bursa Saham Bombay</a> adalah bursa saham tertua di Asia.</figcaption></figure> Mumbai adalah kota terbesar di India berdasarkan jumlah populasi dan pusat finansial serta komersial India yang menyumbangkan 6,16% dari total GDP.<a href="#cite_note-mmrda_muip_gdp-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-Mumbai_global-127">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-The_Financial_Express-158">[158]</a> Kota tersebut menjabat merupakan pusat perekonomian di India, yang berkontribusi sebesar 10% dari pekerjaan pabrik, 25% dari pengeluaran industrial, 33% dari pemungutan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pajak_pemasukan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pajak pemasukan (halaman belum tersedia)">pajak pemasukan</a>, 60% dari pemungutan <a href="/wiki/Pabean" title="Pabean">pabean</a>, 20% dari pemungutan <a href="/wiki/Cukai" title="Cukai">cukai</a> pusat, 40% dari <a href="/wiki/Perdagangan_luar_negeri" class="mw-redirect" title="Perdagangan luar negeri">perdagangan luar negeri</a> India dan ₹4.000 crore (US$560 juta) dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pajak_korporat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pajak korporat (halaman belum tersedia)">pajak korporat</a>.<a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a> Bersama dengan belahan India lainnya, Mumbai telah menjadi saksi bisu ledakan ekonomi sejak liberalisasi 1991, ledakan keuangan pada pertengahan abad kesembilan belas dan merebaknya IT, ekspor, jasa dan alih daya pada 2000-an.<a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a> Meskipun Mumbai dikenal sebagai pusat aktivitas ekonomi India pada 1990-an, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilayah_Metropolitan_Mumbai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wilayah Metropolitan Mumbai (halaman belum tersedia)">Wilayah Metropolitan Mumbai</a> sekarang menjadi saksi bisu pengurangan dalam kontribusinya dalam GDP India.<a href="#cite_note-ecoprofile-161">[161]</a> Pada Oktober 2015, GDP Mumbai adalah $278 miliar (dari 2014).<a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a><a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a> dan pendapatan per kapita-nya (PPP) pada 2009 adaah ₹486.000 (US$6,800),<a href="#cite_note-livemint.com-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-percapita-164">[164]</a> yang sekitar tiga kali rata-rata nasional.<a href="#cite_note-mumfact-100">[100]</a> Pendapatan per kapita nominal-nya adalah ₹125.000 (US$1,800),<a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a> (US$2,094). Sejumlah konglometat India (yang meliputi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Larsen_and_Toubro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Larsen and Toubro (halaman belum tersedia)">Larsen and Toubro</a>, <a href="/wiki/State_Bank_of_India" title="State Bank of India">State Bank of India</a> (SBI), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Life_Insurance_Corporation_of_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Life Insurance Corporation of India (halaman belum tersedia)">Life Insurance Corporation of India</a> (LIC), <a href="/wiki/Tata_Group" title="Tata Group">Tata Group</a>, <a href="/wiki/Godrej_Group" title="Godrej Group">Godrej</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Reliance_Industries" title="Reliance Industries">Reliance</a>),<a href="#cite_note-Mumbai_global-127">[127]</a> dan lima perusahaan <a href="/wiki/Fortune_Global_500" title="Fortune Global 500">Fortune Global 500</a> berbasis di Mumbai.<a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a> Keadaan tersebut difasilitasi oleh kehadiran <a href="/wiki/Reserve_Bank_of_India" title="Reserve Bank of India">Reserve Bank of India</a> (RBI), <a href="/wiki/Bursa_Saham_Bombay" class="mw-redirect" title="Bursa Saham Bombay">Bursa Saham Bombay</a> (BSE), <a href="/wiki/Bursa_Saham_Nasional_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Bursa Saham Nasional India">Bursa Saham Nasional India</a> (BSN), dan regulator-regulator sektor keuangan seperti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Securities_and_Exchange_Board_of_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Securities and Exchange Board of India (halaman belum tersedia)">Securities and Exchange Board of India</a> (SEBI) .<a href="#cite_note-ecoprofile-161">[161]</a> Sampai 1970-an, Mumbai sebagian besar diutamakan untuk pabrik-pabrik tekstil dan pelabuhan, namun sejak itu ekonomi lokal dibagi dalam bidang <a href="/wiki/Keuangan" title="Keuangan">keuangan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Teknik" class="mw-redirect" title="Teknik">teknik</a>, pengolesan berlian, <a href="/wiki/Perawatan_kesehatan" class="mw-redirect" title="Perawatan kesehatan">perawatan kesehatan</a> dan teknologi informasi.<a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a> Sektor-sektor kunci yang berkontribusi terhadap ekonomi di kota tersebut adalah: keuangan, batu akik & perhiasan, pengolahan kulit hewan, IT dan <a href="/wiki/Alih_daya_proses_bisnis" class="mw-redirect" title="Alih daya proses bisnis">ITES</a>, tekstiles, dan hiburan. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nariman_Point&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nariman Point (halaman belum tersedia)">Nariman Point</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kompleks_Bandra_Kurla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kompleks Bandra Kurla (halaman belum tersedia)">Kompleks Bandra Kurla</a> (KBK) adalah pusat keuangan utama di Mumbai.<a href="#cite_note-ecoprofile-161">[161]</a> Di samping bersaing dengan <a href="/wiki/Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangalore">Bangalore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hyderabad" title="Hyderabad">Hyderabad</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Pune" title="Pune">Pune</a>, Mumbai juga mengukir prestasinya sendiri dalam industri teknologi informasi. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zona_Pemprosesan_Ekspor_Elektronik_Santacruz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zona Pemprosesan Ekspor Elektronik Santacruz (halaman belum tersedia)">Zona Pemprosesan Ekspor Elektronik Santacruz</a> (ZPEES) dan International Infotech Park (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Navi_Mumbai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Navi Mumbai (halaman belum tersedia)">Navi Mumbai</a>) menawarkan fasilitas berkualitas untuk perusahaan-perusahaan IT.<a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a> Para pegawai pemerintah negara bagian dan pusat meliputi persentase besar dari jumlah pekjerja di kota tersebut. Mumbai juga memiliki sejumlah besar pekerja semi-terampil dan tak terampil yang bekerja sendiri, yang utamanya menafkahi hidupnya sebagai pedagang kaki lima, sopir taksi, mekanik dan profesi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kerah_biru&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kerah biru (halaman belum tersedia)">kerah biru</a> lainnya. Industri perkapalan dan pelabuhan juga didirikan, dengan <a href="/wiki/Pelabuhan_Mumbai" title="Pelabuhan Mumbai">Pelabuhan Mumbai</a> menjadi salah satu pelabuhan paling penting dan tertua di India.<a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a> <a href="/wiki/Dharavi" title="Dharavi">Dharavi</a>, di tengah Mumbai, mengalami peningkatan industri daur ulang besar, yang mengolah sampah daur ulang dari bagian lainnya di kota tersebut; distrik tersebut memiliki sekitar 15,000 pabrik ruang tunggal.<a href="#cite_note-gua-170">[170]</a> Mumbai meraih peringkat keenam dari sepuluh kota global teratas dalam hal jumlah miliuner,<a href="#cite_note-timesofindia.indiatimes.com-171">[171]</a> ke-48 pada <a href="/w/index.php?title=Indeks_Pusat_Komersial_Seluruh_Dunia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indeks Pusat Komersial Seluruh Dunia (halaman belum tersedia)">Indeks Pusat Komersial Seluruh Dunia</a> 2008,<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-172">[172]</a> ketujuh dalam daftar "Sepuluh Kota Besar untuk Miliuner" menurut majalah <a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a> (April 2008),<a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a> dan pertama dalam hal rata-rata kekayaan miliuner tersebut.<a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a> Hingga 2008<a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mumbai&action=edit">[update]</a>, Globalization and World Cities Study Group (GaWC) mengangkat Mumbai sebagai "kota dunia Alfa", ketiga dalam kategorinya dari kota-<a href="/wiki/Kota_global" title="Kota global">kota global</a>.<a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a> Mumbai adalah pasar paling menghabiskan biaya ketiga di dunia, dan menjadi salah satu kota tercepat di negara tersebut untuk pemulaian usaha pada 2009.<a href="#cite_note-World_Bank_and_International_Financial_Corporation-176">[176]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pemerintahan">Pemerintahan</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mumbai&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Sunting bagian: Pemerintahan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mumbai&action=edit&section=9" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pemerintahan">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Bombay_Municipal_Corporation.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Bombay_Municipal_Corporation.JPG/170px-Bombay_Municipal_Corporation.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Bombay_Municipal_Corporation.JPG/255px-Bombay_Municipal_Corporation.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Bombay_Municipal_Corporation.JPG/340px-Bombay_Municipal_Corporation.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="3872" /></a><figcaption>Markas besar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perusahaan_Munisipal_Mumbai_Besar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perusahaan Munisipal Mumbai Besar (halaman belum tersedia)">Perusahaan Munisipal Mumbai Besar</a> (PMMB). PMMB adalah organisasi sipil terbesar di negara tersebut.</figcaption></figure> Mumbai Besar, sebuah kawasan seluas 603 kilometer persegi (233 sq mi),<a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a> terdiri dari distrik <a href="/w/index.php?title=Distrik_Kota_Mumbai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Distrik Kota Mumbai (halaman belum tersedia)">Kota Mumbai</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Distrik_Subperkotaan_Mumbai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Distrik Subperkotaan Mumbai (halaman belum tersedia)">Subperkotaan Mumbai</a>, yang berbatasan dengan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Colaba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Colaba (halaman belum tersedia)">Colaba</a> di bagian selatan, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mulund&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mulund (halaman belum tersedia)">Mulund</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dahisar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dahisar (halaman belum tersedia)">Dahisar</a> di bagian utara, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mankhurd&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mankhurd (halaman belum tersedia)">Mankhurd</a> di bagian timur. Populasinya menurut sensus 2011 adalah 12,442,373 jiwa.<a href="#cite_note-census2011-gtmumcity-178">[178]</a> Kawasan tersebut diurus oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perusahaan_Munisipal_Mumbai_Besar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perusahaan Munisipal Mumbai Besar (halaman belum tersedia)">Perusahaan Munisipal Mumbai Besar</a> (PMMB) (terkadang disebut sebagai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perusahaan_Munisipal_Brihanmumbai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perusahaan Munisipal Brihanmumbai (halaman belum tersedia)">Perusahaan Munisipal Brihanmumbai</a>), yang awalnya dikenal sebagai Perusahaan Munisipal Bombay (PMB).<a href="#cite_note-mloc-134">[134]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perusahaan_Munisipal_Mumbai_Besar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perusahaan Munisipal Mumbai Besar (halaman belum tersedia)">PMMB</a> mengurusi kebutuhan masyarakat dan infrastruktur di wilayah metropolis.<a href="#cite_note-mcmmm-179">[179]</a> Wali kotanya dipilih melalui pemilihan tak langsung oleh para kanselir dari salah satu anggota mereka sendiri untuk masa jabatan selama dua setengah tahun.<a href="#cite_note-mayorterm-180">[180]</a> Komisioner Munisipal adalah Ketua Pejabat Eksekutif dan ketua cabang eksekutif Perusahaan Munisipal. Seluruh kekuatan eksekutif berada di bawah naungan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Komisioner_Munisipal_Mumbai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Komisioner Munisipal Mumbai (halaman belum tersedia)">Komisioner Munisipal</a> yang merupakan pejabat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Layanan_Administratif_Indian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Layanan Administratif Indian (halaman belum tersedia)">Layanan Administratif Indian</a> yang dipilih oleh <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra#Pemerintah" title="Maharashtra">pemerintah negara bagian</a>. Meskipun Perusahaan Munisipal adalah badan legislatif yang mengeluarkan kebijakan-kebijakan untuk pemerintahan kota tersebut, Komisioner yang bertugas untuk melaksanakan kebijakan-kebijakan tersebut. Komisioner dipilih untuk masa jabatan yang disahkan sesuai dengan yang disebutkan oleh peraturan negara bagian. Kekuatan-kekuatan Komisioner adalah orang-orang yang disediakan oleh peraturan dan orang-orang yang didelegasikan oleh Perusahaan Komite Pendirian.<a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a> Perusahaan Munisipal Mumbai Besar menempati peringkat ke-9 dari 21 kota dengan praktik kepengurusan & pemerintahan yang terbaik di India pada 2014. Kota tersebut meraih skor 3.5 dari 10 berbanding dengan rata-rata nasional 3.3.<a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Mumbai_03-2016_41_Bombay_High_Court.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Sebuah gedung coklat dengan sebuah menara pusat dan atap mirip yang dikelilingi oleh pepohonan. Sebuah halaman berumrput dan pohon kelapa berada di depannya." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Mumbai_03-2016_41_Bombay_High_Court.jpg/220px-Mumbai_03-2016_41_Bombay_High_Court.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Mumbai_03-2016_41_Bombay_High_Court.jpg/330px-Mumbai_03-2016_41_Bombay_High_Court.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Mumbai_03-2016_41_Bombay_High_Court.jpg/440px-Mumbai_03-2016_41_Bombay_High_Court.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5098" data-file-height="2868" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dewan_Tinggi_Bombay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dewan Tinggi Bombay (halaman belum tersedia)">Dewan Tinggi Bombay</a> memegang yuridiksi atas Maharashtra, <a href="/wiki/Goa" class="mw-redirect" title="Goa">Goa</a>, Daman dan Diu, dan <a href="/wiki/Dadra_dan_Nagar_Haveli" title="Dadra dan Nagar Haveli">Dadra dan Nagar Haveli</a>.</figcaption></figure> Dua distrik di Mumbai berada di bawah yuridiksi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kolektor_Distrik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kolektor Distrik (halaman belum tersedia)">Kolektor Distrik</a>. Badan Kolektor tersrbut bertugas mencatat properti dan kumpulan pendapatan untuk <a href="/wiki/Pemerintah_India" title="Pemerintah India">Pemerintah Pusat</a>, dan memantau pemilihan-pemilihan nasional yang diadakan di kota tersebut. <a href="/wiki/Kepolisian_Mumbai" title="Kepolisian Mumbai">Kepolisian Mumbai</a> dikepalai oleh seorang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Komisioner_Polisi_Mumbai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Komisioner Polisi Mumbai (halaman belum tersedia)">Komisioner Polisi</a>, yang merupakan seorang perwira <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pelayanan_Polisi_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pelayanan Polisi India (halaman belum tersedia)">Pelayanan Polisi India</a> (PPI). Kepolisian Mumbai merupakan sebuah divisi dari <a href="/wiki/Kepolisian_Maharashtra" title="Kepolisian Maharashtra">Kepolisian Maharashtra</a>, di bawah Kementerian Dalam Negeri negara bagian tersebut.<a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a> Kota tersebut terbagi dalam tujuh zona polisi dan tujuh belas zona <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kepolisian_lalu_lintas_Mumbai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kepolisian lalu lintas Mumbai (halaman belum tersedia)">kepolisian lalu lintas</a>,<a href="#cite_note-trf-132">[132]</a> yang masing-masing dikepalai oleh seorang Deputi Komisioner Polisi.<a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a> Kepolisian Lalu Lintas adalah sebuah badan semi-otonomi yang berada di bawah naungan Kepolisian Mumbai. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brigade_Tembak_Mumbai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brigade Tembak Mumbai (halaman belum tersedia)">Brigade Tembak Mumbai</a>, yang berada di bawah yuridiksi Perusahaan Munisipal, dikepalai oleh Kepala Perwira Tembak, yang dibantu oleh empat Deputi Kepala Perwira Tembak dan enam Perwira Divisional.<a href="#cite_note-trf-132">[132]</a> Mumbai adalah kursi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dewan_Tinggi_Bombay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dewan Tinggi Bombay (halaman belum tersedia)">Dewan Tinggi Bombay</a>, yang memegang yuridiksi atas negara bagian Maharashtra dan <a href="/wiki/Goa" class="mw-redirect" title="Goa">Goa</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Wilayah_Persatuan" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilayah Persatuan">Wilayah Persatuan</a> <a href="/wiki/Daman_dan_Diu" title="Daman dan Diu">Daman dan Diu</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Dadra_dan_Nagar_Haveli" title="Dadra dan Nagar Haveli">Dadra dan Nagar Haveli</a>.<a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a> Mumbai juga memiliki dua dewan rendah, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dewan_Sebab-Sebab_Kecil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dewan Sebab-Sebab Kecil (halaman belum tersedia)">Dewan Sebab-Sebab Kecil</a> untuk urusan sipil, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dewan_Sesi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dewan Sesi (halaman belum tersedia)">Dewan Sesi</a> untuk kasus kriminal. Mumbai juga memiliki dewan Aktivitas Mengganggu dan Teroris khusus untuk orang-orang yang didakwa bersekongkol dan terlibat dalam aksi-aksi terorisme di kota tersebut.<a href="#cite_note-186">[186]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politik">Politik</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mumbai&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Sunting bagian: Politik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mumbai&action=edit&section=10" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Politik">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:1st_INC1885.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Para pria mengenakan busana India tradisional berpose pada sebuah foto" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/1st_INC1885.jpg/220px-1st_INC1885.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/1st_INC1885.jpg/330px-1st_INC1885.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/1st_INC1885.jpg/440px-1st_INC1885.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1060" data-file-height="696" /></a><figcaption>Sesi pertama <a href="/wiki/Kongres_Nasional_India" title="Kongres Nasional India">Kongres Nasional India</a> di Bombay (28–31 Desember 1885)</figcaption></figure> Mumbai merupakan tempat berdirinya <a href="/wiki/Kongres_Nasional_India" title="Kongres Nasional India">Kongres Nasional India</a> yang juga dikenal sebagai Partai Kongres.<a href="#cite_note-187">[187]</a> Sesi pertama Kongres Nasional India diadakan di Bombay dari 28 - 31 Desember 1885.<a href="#cite_note-188">[188]</a> Mumbai telah menjadi tuan rumah bagi Kongres Nasional India selama enam kali dalam 50 tahun pertama dan menjadi pusat pertumbuhan untuk <a href="/wiki/Gerakan_kemerdekaan_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Gerakan kemerdekaan India">gerakan kemerdekaan India</a> pada abad ke-20.<a href="#cite_note-189">[189]</a> Pada 1960am, terjadi peningkatan politik regionalis di Bombay, dengan pembentukan <a href="/wiki/Shiv_Sena" title="Shiv Sena">Shiv Sena</a> pada 19 Juni 1966, sebuah gerakan yang memperjuangkan marginalisasi terhadap <a href="/wiki/Suku_Marathi" title="Suku Marathi">suku Marathi</a> di Bombay.<a href="#cite_note-190">[190]</a> Shiv Sena berubah halauan dari 'Kepentingan Marathi' menjadi 'Kepentingan Hindutva' pada 1985 dan bergabung dengan <a href="/wiki/Partai_Bhartiya_Janata" class="mw-redirect" title="Partai Bhartiya Janata">Partai Bhartiya Janata</a> (PBJ) pada tahun yang sama.<a href="#cite_note-191">[191]</a> Partai Kongres telah mendominasi politik Bombay dari kemerdekaan sampai awal 1980-an, ketika Shiv Sena memenangkan pemilihan Perusahaan Munisipal Bombay 1985.<a href="#cite_note-192">[192]</a> Pada 1989, <a href="/wiki/Partai_Bharatiya_Janata" title="Partai Bharatiya Janata">Partai Bharatiya Janata</a> (PBJ), sebuah partai politik nasional utama, membentuk sebuah aliansi elektoral dengan Shiv Sena untuk bersaing dengan partai Kongres dalam pemilihan <a href="/wiki/Vidhan_Sabha" title="Vidhan Sabha">Majelis Legislatif</a> Maharashtra. Pada 1999, beberapa anggota meninggalkan partai Kongres untuk membentuk <a href="/wiki/Partai_Kongres_Nasionalis" title="Partai Kongres Nasionalis">Partai Kongres Nasionalis</a> (PKN) namun kemudian bersekutu dengan partai Kongres sebagai bagian dari sebuah aliansi yang dikenal sebagai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Front_Demokratik_(India)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Front Demokratik (India) (halaman belum tersedia)">Front Demokratik</a>.<a href="#cite_note-193">[193]</a> Saat ini, partai-partai lainnya seperti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maharashtra_Navnirman_Sena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maharashtra Navnirman Sena (halaman belum tersedia)">Maharashtra Navnirman Sena</a> (MNS), <a href="/wiki/Partai_Samajwadi" title="Partai Samajwadi">Partai Samajwadi</a> (PS), <a href="/wiki/Partai_Bahujan_Samaj" title="Partai Bahujan Samaj">Partai Bahujan Samaj</a> (PBS), dan beberapa kandidat independen juga ikut serta dalam pemilihan-pemilihan di kota tersebut.<a href="#cite_note-194">[194]</a> Dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemilihan_di_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pemilihan di India (halaman belum tersedia)">pemilihan nasional India</a> yang diadakan setiap lima tahun, Mumbai diwakili oleh enam konstituensi parlementer: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mumbai_Utara_(konstituensi_Lok_Sabha)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mumbai Utara (konstituensi Lok Sabha) (halaman belum tersedia)">Utara</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mumbai_Barat_Laut_(konstituensi_Lok_Sabha)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mumbai Barat Laut (konstituensi Lok Sabha) (halaman belum tersedia)">Barat Laut</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mumbai_Timur_Laut_(konstituensi_Lok_Sabha)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mumbai Timur Laut (konstituensi Lok Sabha) (halaman belum tersedia)">Timur Laut</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mumbai_Tengah_Utara_(konstituensi_Lok_Sabha)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mumbai Tengah Utara (konstituensi Lok Sabha) (halaman belum tersedia)">Tengah Utara</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mumbai_Tengah_Selatan_(konstituensi_Lok_Sabha)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mumbai Tengah Selatan (konstituensi Lok Sabha) (halaman belum tersedia)">Tengah Selatan</a>, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mumbai_Selatan_(konstituensi_Lok_Sabha)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mumbai Selatan (konstituensi Lok Sabha) (halaman belum tersedia)">Selatan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-195">[195]</a> Seorang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anggota_parlemen,_Lok_Sabha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anggota parlemen, Lok Sabha (halaman belum tersedia)">Anggota parlemen</a> untuk <a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a>, dewan rendah <a href="/wiki/Parlemen_India" title="Parlemen India">Parlemen India</a>, dipilih dari setiap konstituensi parlementer. Dalam <a href="/wiki/Pemilihan_umum_India_2014" class="mw-redirect" title="Pemilihan umum India 2014">pemilihan nasional 2014</a>, seluruh enam konstituensi parlementer dimenangkan oleh PBJ dan Shiv Sena dalam aliansi, dengan kedua partai tersebut masing-masing memenangkan tiga kursi.<a href="#cite_note-196">[196]</a> Dalam pemilihan-pemilihan majelis negara bagian Maharashtra yang diadakan setiap lima tahun, Mumbai diwakili oleh 36 konstituensi majelis.<a href="#cite_note-197">[197]</a><a href="#cite_note-198">[198]</a> Sebuah <a href="/wiki/Anggota_Majelis_Legislatif_(India)" title="Anggota Majelis Legislatif (India)">Anggota Majelis Legislatif</a> untuk <a href="/wiki/Vidhan_Sabha" title="Vidhan Sabha">Vidhan Sabha</a> (Majelis Legislatif) Maharashtra dipilih dari setiap konstituensi majelis tersebut. Dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemilihan_Majelis_Legislatif_Maharashtra_2014&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pemilihan Majelis Legislatif Maharashtra 2014 (halaman belum tersedia)">pemilihan majelis negara bagian 2014</a>, dari 36 konstituensi majelis, 15 diantaranya dimenangkan oleh PBJ, 14 oleh Shiv Sena dan 5 oleh partai Kongres.<a href="#cite_note-senaMumbaibelongs-199">[199]</a><a href="#cite_note-UnderstandingMaha-200">[200]</a> Pemilihan-pemilihan juga diadakan setiap lima tahun untuk memiliki korporator-korporator untuk berkuasa dalam PMMB.<a href="#cite_note-201">[201]</a> Perusahaan tersebut terdiri dari 227 Kanselir yang dipilih langsung mewakili <a href="/w/index.php?title=Divisi_administratif_di_Mumbai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Divisi administratif di Mumbai (halaman belum tersedia)">24 kawasan munisipal</a>, lima Kanselir yang dinominasikan memiliki pengetahuan atau pengalaman khusus dalam pemerintahan munisipal, dan seorang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wali_kota_Mumbai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wali kota Mumbai (halaman belum tersedia)">Wali kota</a> yang berperan dalam sebagian besar acara.<a href="#cite_note-202">[202]</a><a href="#cite_note-203">[203]</a><a href="#cite_note-204">[204]</a> Dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemilihan_Brihanmumbai_Mahanagar_Palika_2012&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pemilihan Brihanmumbai Mahanagar Palika 2012 (halaman belum tersedia)">pemilihan perusahaan munisipal 2012</a>, dari 227 kursi, aliansi Shiv Sena-PBJ meraih 107 kursi, meraih kekuasaan dengan dukungan para kandidat independen dalam PMMB, sementara aliansi partai Kongress-PKN meraih 64 kursi.<a href="#cite_note-civic20102-205">[205]</a> Masa jabatan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wali_kota_Mumbai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wali kota Mumbai (halaman belum tersedia)">Wali kota</a>, Deputi Wali kota, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Komisioner_Munisipal_Mumbai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Komisioner Munisipal Mumbai (halaman belum tersedia)">Komisioner Munisipal</a> adalah dua setengah tahun.<a href="#cite_note-206">[206]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transportasi">Transportasi</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mumbai&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Sunting bagian: Transportasi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mumbai&action=edit&section=11" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Transportasi">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r26810368/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Churchgate_railway_station,_Mumbai_(2006).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Churchgate_railway_station%2C_Mumbai_%282006%29.jpg/200px-Churchgate_railway_station%2C_Mumbai_%282006%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/Churchgate_railway_station%2C_Mumbai_%282006%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="207" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Sistem <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jalur_Kereta_Apu_Subperkotaan_Mumbai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jalur Kereta Apu Subperkotaan Mumbai (halaman belum tersedia)">Jalur Kereta Apu Subperkotaan Mumbai</a> mengangkut lebih dari 6.99 juta penumpang dalam sehari. Tempat tersebut memiliki kepadatang penumpang tertinggi dari sistem kereta api perkotaan manapun di dunia.</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Mumbai_Monorail_train_at_platform.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Mumbai_Monorail_train_at_platform.jpg/200px-Mumbai_Monorail_train_at_platform.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Mumbai_Monorail_train_at_platform.jpg/300px-Mumbai_Monorail_train_at_platform.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Mumbai_Monorail_train_at_platform.jpg/400px-Mumbai_Monorail_train_at_platform.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monorel_Mumbai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monorel Mumbai (halaman belum tersedia)">Monorel Mumbai</a> dibuka pada Februari 2014.</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Mumbai_03-2016_48_bus_in_Mahim.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Mumbai_03-2016_48_bus_in_Mahim.jpg/200px-Mumbai_03-2016_48_bus_in_Mahim.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Mumbai_03-2016_48_bus_in_Mahim.jpg/300px-Mumbai_03-2016_48_bus_in_Mahim.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Mumbai_03-2016_48_bus_in_Mahim.jpg/400px-Mumbai_03-2016_48_bus_in_Mahim.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4500" data-file-height="3000" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Bus-bus <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brihanmumbai_Electric_Supply_and_Transport&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brihanmumbai Electric Supply and Transport (halaman belum tersedia)">BEST</a> mengangkut 4.5 juta penumpang sehari.</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:PremierPadminiTaxis_gobeirne.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/PremierPadminiTaxis_gobeirne.jpg/200px-PremierPadminiTaxis_gobeirne.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/PremierPadminiTaxis_gobeirne.jpg/300px-PremierPadminiTaxis_gobeirne.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/PremierPadminiTaxis_gobeirne.jpg/400px-PremierPadminiTaxis_gobeirne.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3520" data-file-height="1596" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Taksi-taksi Premier Padmini hitam dan kuning adalah ikonik Mumbai.</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Mumbai_03-2016_81_Dadar_Beach_view_of_the_SeaLink.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Mumbai_03-2016_81_Dadar_Beach_view_of_the_SeaLink.jpg/200px-Mumbai_03-2016_81_Dadar_Beach_view_of_the_SeaLink.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Mumbai_03-2016_81_Dadar_Beach_view_of_the_SeaLink.jpg/300px-Mumbai_03-2016_81_Dadar_Beach_view_of_the_SeaLink.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Mumbai_03-2016_81_Dadar_Beach_view_of_the_SeaLink.jpg/400px-Mumbai_03-2016_81_Dadar_Beach_view_of_the_SeaLink.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3078" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jalur_Laut_Bandra-Worli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jalur Laut Bandra-Worli (halaman belum tersedia)">Jalur Laut Bandra-Worli</a> adalah sebuah <a href="/wiki/Jembatan_kabel_pancang" title="Jembatan kabel pancang">jembatan kabel pancang</a> yang mengubungkan pusat Mumbai dengan sub-subperkotaan baratnya</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Jawaharlal_Nehru_Trust_Port.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Jawaharlal_Nehru_Trust_Port.jpg/200px-Jawaharlal_Nehru_Trust_Port.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Jawaharlal_Nehru_Trust_Port.jpg/300px-Jawaharlal_Nehru_Trust_Port.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Jawaharlal_Nehru_Trust_Port.jpg/400px-Jawaharlal_Nehru_Trust_Port.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pelabuhan_Jawaharlal_Nehru&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pelabuhan Jawaharlal Nehru (halaman belum tersedia)">Pelabuhan Jawaharlal Nehru</a> adalah pelabuhan tersibuk di India</div></div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Angkutan_umum">Angkutan umum</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mumbai&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Sunting bagian: Angkutan umum" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mumbai&action=edit&section=12" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Angkutan umum">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Angkutan_umum_di_Mumbai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Angkutan umum di Mumbai (halaman belum tersedia)">Angkutan umum di Mumbai</a></div> Sistem angkutan umum di Mumbai meliputi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jalur_Kereta_Api_Subperkotaan_Mumbai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jalur Kereta Api Subperkotaan Mumbai (halaman belum tersedia)">Jalur Kereta Api Subperkotaan Mumbai</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Monorel_Mumbai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monorel Mumbai (halaman belum tersedia)">Monorel Mumbai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metro_Mumbai" class="mw-redirect" title="Metro Mumbai">Metro Mumbai</a>, bus-bus <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brihanmumbai_Electric_Supply_and_Transport&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brihanmumbai Electric Supply and Transport (halaman belum tersedia)">Brihanmumbai Electric Supply and Transport</a> (BEST), <a href="/wiki/Taksi" title="Taksi">taksi</a>-taksi meter berwarna hitam dan kuning, <a href="/wiki/Bajaj" title="Bajaj">bajaj</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Feri" class="mw-redirect" title="Feri">feri</a>. Jalur kereta api subperkotaan dan layanan bus BEST sama-sama melayani sekitar 88% lalu lintas penumpang pada 2008.<a href="#cite_note-bus44-208">[208]</a> Bajaj hanya diperbolehkan beroperasi di wilayah-wilayah subperkotaan Mumbai, sementara taksi diperbolehkan beroperasi di seluruh Mumbai, namun umumnya beroperasi di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mumbai_Selatan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mumbai Selatan (halaman belum tersedia)">Mumbai Selatan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-autaxi-209">[209]</a> Taksi dan bajaj di Mumbai diatur oleh hukum untuk dijalankan menggunakan <a href="/wiki/Gas_alam_terkompresi" title="Gas alam terkompresi">gas alam terkompresi</a>,<a href="#cite_note-210">[210]</a> dan merupakan bahan bakar yang mudah dipasang, ekonomis, dan mudah didapat.<a href="#cite_note-autaxi-209">[209]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Kereta">Kereta</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mumbai&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Sunting bagian: Kereta" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mumbai&action=edit&section=13" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Kereta">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jalur_Kereta_Api_Subperkotaan_Mumbai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jalur Kereta Api Subperkotaan Mumbai (halaman belum tersedia)">Jalur Kereta Api Subperkotaan Mumbai</a>, yang sangat dikenal karena para penduduk lokal jadikan tulang punggung sistem transportasi kota tersebut.<a href="#cite_note-Outlook-211">[211]</a> Jalur tersebut dioperasikan oleh zona Jalur Kereta Api Barat dan Jalur Kereta Api Tengah dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jalur_Kereta_Api_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jalur Kereta Api India (halaman belum tersedia)">Jalur Kereta Api India</a>.<a href="#cite_note-212">[212]</a> Sistem kereta api subperkotaan Mumbai mengangkut 6.3 juta penumpang setiap hari pada 2007,<a href="#cite_note-213">[213]</a> yang melebihi setengah kapasitas angkut harian Jalur Kereta Api. Kereta-kereta menjadi makin ramai pada jam-jam puncak, dengan kereta sembilan gerbong yang mampu mengangkut sebanyak 1,700 penumpang, yang sebenarnya mengangkut sekitar 4,500 penumpang pada jam-jam puncak.<a href="#cite_note-214">[214]</a> Jaringan kereta api Mumbai melaju pada rute sejauh 319 kilometer. 191 rangkaian (set kereta) dari komposisi 9 gerbong dan 12 gerbong memberikan sejumlah 2,226 layanan kereta di kota tersebut.<a href="#cite_note-215">[215]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Monorel_Mumbai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monorel Mumbai (halaman belum tersedia)">Monorel Mumbai</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Metro" title="Mumbai Metro">Mumbai Metro</a> dibangun dan didirikan dalam rangka meringankan kepadatan pada jaringan yang telah ada. Monorel dibuka pada awal Februari 2014.<a href="#cite_note-startMono-216">[216]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jalur_1_(Mumbai_Metro)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jalur 1 (Mumbai Metro) (halaman belum tersedia)">Jalur pertama</a> Mumbai Metro dibuka pada awal Juni 2014.<a href="#cite_note-startMetro-217">[217]</a> Mumbai adalah markas besar dari dua zona dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jalur_Kereta_Api_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jalur Kereta Api India (halaman belum tersedia)">Jalur Kereta Api India</a>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jalur_Kereta_Api_Tengah_(India)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jalur Kereta Api Tengah (India) (halaman belum tersedia)">Jalur Kereta Api Tengah</a> bermarkas besar di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Terminal_Chhatrapati_Shivaji&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terminal Chhatrapati Shivaji (halaman belum tersedia)">Terminal Chhatrapati Shivaji</a> (awalnya Terminal Victoria), dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jalur_Kereta_Api_Barat_(India)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jalur Kereta Api Barat (India) (halaman belum tersedia)">Jalur Kereta Api Barat</a> bermarkas besar di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Churchgate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Churchgate (halaman belum tersedia)">Churchgate</a>.<a href="#cite_note-218">[218]</a> Mumbai juga terhubung dengan sebagian besar India oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jalur_Kereta_Api_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jalur Kereta Api India (halaman belum tersedia)">Jalur Kereta Api India</a>. Kereta-kereta jarak jauh berasal dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Terminal_Chhatrapati_Shivaji&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terminal Chhatrapati Shivaji (halaman belum tersedia)">Terminal Chhatrapati Shivaji</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stasiun_kereta_api_Dadar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stasiun kereta api Dadar (halaman belum tersedia)">Dadar</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Terminal_Lokmanya_Tilak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terminal Lokmanya Tilak (halaman belum tersedia)">Terminal Lokmanya Tilak</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mumbai_Tengah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mumbai Tengah (halaman belum tersedia)">Mumbai Tengah</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Terminal_Bandra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terminal Bandra (halaman belum tersedia)">Terminal Bandra</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stasiun_kereta_api_Andheri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stasiun kereta api Andheri (halaman belum tersedia)">Andheri</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stasiun_kereta_api_Borivali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stasiun kereta api Borivali (halaman belum tersedia)">Borivali</a>.<a href="#cite_note-219">[219]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bus">Bus</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mumbai&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Sunting bagian: Bus" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mumbai&action=edit&section=14" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Bus">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Layanan bus Mumbai mengangkut lebih dari 5.5 juta penumpang per hari pada 2008,<a href="#cite_note-bus44-208">[208]</a> yang turun menjadi 2.8 juta pada 2015.<a href="#cite_note-BESTdip-220">[220]</a> Bus-bus umum dijalankan oleh BEST melayani hampir seluruh bagian wilayah metropolis, serta wilayah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Navi_Mumbai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Navi Mumbai (halaman belum tersedia)">Navi Mumbai</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mira-Bhayandar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mira-Bhayandar (halaman belum tersedia)">Mira-Bhayandar</a> dan Thane.<a href="#cite_note-221">[221]</a> BEST mengoperasikan 4,608 bus<a href="#cite_note-222">[222]</a> yang kamera-kamera CCTV yang dipasang, mengangkut 4.5 juta penumpang per hari<a href="#cite_note-bus44-208">[208]</a> di lebih dari 390 rute. Armadanya terdiri dari kursi tunggal, kursi ganda, ruang depan, lantai bawah, ruang khusus orang-orang berkebutuhan khusus, pendingin udara dan bus-bus bertenaga diesel standar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Euro_III&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Euro III (halaman belum tersedia)">Euro III</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Gas_alam_terkompresi" title="Gas alam terkompresi">gas alam terkompresi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-bestfleet-223">[223]</a> BEST memperkenalkan bus-bus berpendingin udara pada 1998.<a href="#cite_note-timelineBEST-224">[224]</a> Bus-bus BEST berwarna merah, berdasarkan pada bus-bus <a href="/w/index.php?title=Routemaster&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Routemaster (halaman belum tersedia)">Routemaster</a> di <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>.<a href="#cite_note-newkiller-225">[225]</a> Bus-bus <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perusahaan_Transportasi_Jalan_Raya_Negara_Bagian_Maharashtra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perusahaan Transportasi Jalan Raya Negara Bagian Maharashtra (halaman belum tersedia)">Perusahaan Transportasi Jalan Raya Negara Bagian Maharashtra</a><a href="#cite_note-training-226">[226]</a> menyediakan transportasi antar-kota yang menghubungkan Mumbai dengan kota-kota lainnya di Maharashtra dan negara-negara bagian sekitar.<a href="#cite_note-227">[227]</a><a href="#cite_note-228">[228]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Transportasi_Munisipal_Navi_Mumbai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transportasi Munisipal Navi Mumbai (halaman belum tersedia)">Transportasi Munisipal Navi Mumbai</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Transportasi_Munisipal_Thane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transportasi Munisipal Thane (halaman belum tersedia)">Transportasi Munisipal Thane</a> juga mengoperasikan bus-bus mereka di Mumbai, menghubungkan berbagai titik Navi Mumbai dan Thane dengan bagian-bagian Mumbai lainnya.<a href="#cite_note-NMMTgain-229">[229]</a><a href="#cite_note-TMTmoolah-230">[230]</a> Bus-bus umumnya disukai karena berjalan cepat untuk jarak menengah, sementara kereta lebih ekonomis untuk perjalanan jarak jauh.<a href="#cite_note-231">[231]</a> Mumbai Darshan adalah sebuah layanan bus pariwisata yang mengantar ke sejumlah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_tempat_wisata_di_Mumbai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar tempat wisata di Mumbai (halaman belum tersedia)">tempat wisata di Mumbai</a>.<a href="#cite_note-232">[232]</a> Jalur Sistem Angkutan Cepat Bus telah direncanakan di seluruh Mumbai.<a href="#cite_note-routetalpdf-233">[233]</a> Meskipun 88% perjalanan di kota tersebut menggunakan angkutan umum, Mumbai masih tetap menghadapi masalah <a href="/wiki/Kemacetan_lalu_lintas" class="mw-redirect" title="Kemacetan lalu lintas">kemacetan lalu lintas</a>.<a href="#cite_note-234">[234]</a> Sistem transportasi Mumbai dikategorisasikan sebagai salah satu sistem transportasi yang paling macet di dunia.<a href="#cite_note-235">[235]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Air">Air</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mumbai&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Sunting bagian: Air" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mumbai&action=edit&section=15" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Air">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Transportasi_air_di_Mumbai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transportasi air di Mumbai (halaman belum tersedia)">Transportasi air di Mumbai</a> terdiri dari kapal feri, kapal bantalan udara dan kapal layar. Layanan tersebut disediakan oleh agensi-agensi pemerintah serta mitra-mitra swasta.<a href="#cite_note-alibauglaunch-236">[236]</a> Layanan <a href="/wiki/Kapal_bantalan_udara" title="Kapal bantalan udara">kapal bantalan udara</a> dibuka pada akhir 1990-an antara <a href="/wiki/Gerbang_India" class="mw-disambig" title="Gerbang India">Gerbang India</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=CBD_Belapur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CBD Belapur (halaman belum tersedia)">CBD Belapur</a> di Navi Mumbai. Layanan tersebut kemudian ditarik karena kurangnya <a href="/w/index.php?title=Infrastruktur_transportasi_air&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Infrastruktur transportasi air (halaman belum tersedia)">infrastruktur</a> yang memadai.<a href="#cite_note-nmhovercraft-237">[237]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jalan_raya">Jalan raya</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mumbai&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Sunting bagian: Jalan raya" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mumbai&action=edit&section=16" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Jalan raya">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Mumbai dilayani oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jalan_Raya_Nasional_3_(India)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jalan Raya Nasional 3 (India) (halaman belum tersedia)">Jalan Raya Nasional 3</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jalan_Raya_Nasional_4_(India)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jalan Raya Nasional 4 (India) (halaman belum tersedia)">Jalan Raya Nasional 4</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jalan_Raya_Nasional_8_(India)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jalan Raya Nasional 8 (India) (halaman belum tersedia)">Jalan Raya Nasional 8</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jalan_Raya_Nasional_17_(India)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jalan Raya Nasional 17 (India) (halaman belum tersedia)">Jalan Raya Nasional 17</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jalan_Raya_Nasional_222_(India)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jalan Raya Nasional 222 (India) (halaman belum tersedia)">Jalan Raya Nasional 222</a> dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jalan_Raya_Nasional_(India)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jalan Raya Nasional (India) (halaman belum tersedia)">sistem Jalan Raya Nasional</a> di India.<a href="#cite_note-238">[238]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jalan_Ekspres_Mumbai-Pune&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jalan Ekspres Mumbai-Pune (halaman belum tersedia)">Jalan Ekspres Mumbai-Pune</a> merupakan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jalan_Ekspres_Nasional_(India)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jalan Ekspres Nasional (India) (halaman belum tersedia)">jalan ekspres</a> pertama yang dibangun di India.<a href="#cite_note-239">[239]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jalan_Bebas_Timur_(Mumbai)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jalan Bebas Timur (Mumbai) (halaman belum tersedia)">Jalan Bebas Timur</a> dibuka pada 2013. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jalan_Ekspres_Mumbai_Nashik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jalan Ekspres Mumbai Nashik (halaman belum tersedia)">Jalan Ekspres Mumbai Nashik</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jalan_Ekspres_Mumbai-Vadodara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jalan Ekspres Mumbai-Vadodara (halaman belum tersedia)">Jalan Ekspres Mumbai-Vadodara</a>,<a href="#cite_note-240">[240]</a> sedang dibangun. Jembatan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jalur_Laut_Bandra-Worli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jalur Laut Bandra-Worli (halaman belum tersedia)">Jalur Laut Bandra-Worli</a>, bersama dengan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jalan_Penghubung_Mahim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jalan Penghubung Mahim (halaman belum tersedia)">Jalan Penghubung Mahim</a>, menghubungkan kota pulau tersebut dengan sub-subperkotaan barat.<a href="#cite_note-241">[241]</a> Tiga arteris jalan utama di kota tersebut adalah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jalan_Raya_Ekspres_Timur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jalan Raya Ekspres Timur (halaman belum tersedia)">Jalan Raya Ekspres Timur</a> dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sion,_Mumbai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sion, Mumbai (halaman belum tersedia)">Sion</a> sampai Thane, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jalan_Ekspres_Sion_Panvel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jalan Ekspres Sion Panvel (halaman belum tersedia)">Jalan Ekspres Sion Panvel</a> dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sion,_Mumbai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sion, Mumbai (halaman belum tersedia)">Sion</a> sampai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Panvel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Panvel (halaman belum tersedia)">Panvel</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jalan_Raya_Ekspres_Barat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jalan Raya Ekspres Barat (halaman belum tersedia)">Jalan Raya Ekspres Barat</a> dari <a href="/wiki/Bandra" title="Bandra">Bandra</a> sampai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dahisar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dahisar (halaman belum tersedia)">Dahisar</a>.<a href="#cite_note-242">[242]</a> Mumbai has approximately 1.900 km (1.181 mi) of roads.<a href="#cite_note-dnaindia.com-243">[243]</a> Terdapat lima titik masuk <a href="/wiki/Jalan_tol" title="Jalan tol">tool</a> ke kota tersebut menurut jalan.<a href="#cite_note-gatewaytollfree-244">[244]</a> Mumbai memiliki sekitar 721,000 kendaraan pribadi pada Maret 2014,<a href="#cite_note-TOI1-245">[245]</a> 56,459 taksi hitam dan kuning hingga 2005<a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mumbai&action=edit">[update]</a>,<a href="#cite_note-246">[246]</a> dan 106,000 bajaj, pada Mei 2013.<a href="#cite_note-247">[247]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Udara">Udara</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mumbai&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Sunting bagian: Udara" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mumbai&action=edit&section=17" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Udara">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Mumbai_airport_domestic_departure_terminal_1C_(6).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Mumbai_airport_domestic_departure_terminal_1C_%286%29.JPG/220px-Mumbai_airport_domestic_departure_terminal_1C_%286%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Mumbai_airport_domestic_departure_terminal_1C_%286%29.JPG/330px-Mumbai_airport_domestic_departure_terminal_1C_%286%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Mumbai_airport_domestic_departure_terminal_1C_%286%29.JPG/440px-Mumbai_airport_domestic_departure_terminal_1C_%286%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>Bandar Udara Internasional Chhatrapati Shivaji, Mumbai, India</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Bandar_Udara_Internasional_Chhatrapati_Shivaji" class="mw-redirect" title="Bandar Udara Internasional Chhatrapati Shivaji">Bandar Udara Internasional Chhatrapati Shivaji</a> (awalnya Bandar Udara Internasional Sahar) adalah pusat kedirgantaraan utama di kota tersebut dan bandar udara tersibuk kedua di India dalam hal lalu lintas penumpang.<a href="#cite_note-248">[248]</a> It handled 36.6 million passengers and 694,300 tonnes of cargo during FY 2014–2015.<a href="#cite_note-APA-249">[249]</a> Sebuah rencana perluasan diinisiasikan pada 2006, menargetkan peningkatan kapasitas bandar udara tersebut untuk menangani 40 juta penumpang setiap tahun<a href="#cite_note-250">[250]</a> dan terminal baru T2 dibuka pada Februari 2014.<a href="#cite_note-251">[251]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bandar_Udara_Internasional_Navi_Mumbai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bandar Udara Internasional Navi Mumbai (halaman belum tersedia)">Bandar Udara Internasional Navi Mumbai</a> yang dibangun di wilayah Kopra-<a href="/w/index.php?title=Panvel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Panvel (halaman belum tersedia)">Panvel</a> disetujui oleh Pemerintah India dan membantu meringankan peningkatan lalu lintas pada bandar udara yang ada.<a href="#cite_note-252">[252]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Juhu_Aerodrome&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Juhu Aerodrome (halaman belum tersedia)">Juhu Aerodrome</a> adalah bandar udara pertama di India, dan sekarang mentuanrumahi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bombay_Flying_Club&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bombay Flying Club (halaman belum tersedia)">Bombay Flying Club</a> dan sebuah tempat pendaratan helikopter yang dioperasikan oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pawan_Hans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pawan Hans (halaman belum tersedia)">Pawan Hans</a> yang dimiliki negara.<a href="#cite_note-253">[253]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Laut">Laut</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mumbai&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Sunting bagian: Laut" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mumbai&action=edit&section=18" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Laut">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Mumbai dilayani oleh dua pelabuhan besar, <a href="/wiki/Pelabuhan_Mumbai" title="Pelabuhan Mumbai">Pelabuhan Mumbai</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pelabuhan_Jawaharlal_Nehru&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pelabuhan Jawaharlal Nehru (halaman belum tersedia)">Pelabuhan Jawaharlal Nehru</a>, yang membentang di sepanjang sungai di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Navi_Mumbai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Navi Mumbai (halaman belum tersedia)">Navi Mumbai</a>.<a href="#cite_note-254">[254]</a> Pelabuhan Mumbai memiliki salah satu pelabuhan alami terbaik di dunia, dan memiliki fasilitas akomodasi dok kering dan basah ekstensif.<a href="#cite_note-255">[255]</a> Pelabuhan Jawaharlal Nehru, yang dibuka pada 26 Mei 1989, merupakan pelabuhan besar tersibuk dan paling modern di India.<a href="#cite_note-256">[256]</a> Pelabuhan tersebut menangani 55–60% total kargo berkontainer di negara tersebut.<a href="#cite_note-pt-257">[257]</a> Feri-feri dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferry_Wharf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ferry Wharf (halaman belum tersedia)">Ferry Wharf</a> di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mazagaon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mazagaon (halaman belum tersedia)">Mazagaon</a> diijinkan berlayar ke pulau-pulau di dekat kota tersebut.<a href="#cite_note-258">[258]</a> Kota tersebut juga merupakan markas besar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Komando_Angkatan_Laut_Barat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Komando Angkatan Laut Barat (halaman belum tersedia)">Komando Angkatan Laut Barat</a>, dan juga pangkalan penting <a href="/wiki/Angkatan_Laut_India" title="Angkatan Laut India">Angkatan Laut India</a>.<a href="#cite_note-mloc-134">[134]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Layanan_utilitas">Layanan utilitas</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mumbai&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Sunting bagian: Layanan utilitas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mumbai&action=edit&section=19" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Layanan utilitas">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Lihat pula: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sumber_air_di_Mumbai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sumber air di Mumbai (halaman belum tersedia)">Sumber air di Mumbai</a></div> Pada masa pemerintahan kolonial, tempat-tempat penampungan air merupakan satu-satunya sumber air di Mumbai, dengan beberapa lokalitas yang mengambil nama darinya. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perusahaan_Munisipal_Mumbai_Besar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perusahaan Munisipal Mumbai Besar (halaman belum tersedia)">Perusahaan Munisipal Mumbai Besar</a> menyuplai air portabel ke kota dari enam danau,<a href="#cite_note-259">[259]</a><a href="#cite_note-260">[260]</a> yang sebagian besar datang dari danau Tulsi dan Vihar. Danau Tansa menyuplai air untuk subperkotaan barat dan bagian-bagian dari kota pulau tersebut di sepanjang Jalur Kereta Api Barat.<a href="#cite_note-tansa-261">[261]</a> Air tersebut difilter di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhandup&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bhandup (halaman belum tersedia)">Bhandup</a>,<a href="#cite_note-tansa-261">[261]</a> yang merupakan penanaman filtrasi air terbesar di Asia.<a href="#cite_note-RTIBhandup-262">[262]</a><a href="#cite_note-contamination-263">[263]</a><a href="#cite_note-264">[264]</a> Terowongan air bawah tanah pertama di India selesai dibangun di Mumbai untuk menyuplai air menuju tempat filtrasi Bhandup.<a href="#cite_note-firstwatertunnel-265">[265]</a><a href="#cite_note-tunnelcomplete-266">[266]</a> Sekitar 700 juta liter air, dari suplai harian 3500 juta liter, hilang karena pencurian air, koneksi ilegal dan kebocoran, per hari di Mumbai.<a href="#cite_note-267">[267]</a> Hampir setiap hari, Mumbai menghasilkan seberat 7,800 ton metrik sampah, 40 ton metrik diantaranya adalah sampah plastik,<a href="#cite_note-268">[268]</a> yang dibawa ke tempat-tempat penampungan sampah di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gorai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gorai (halaman belum tersedia)">Gorai</a> di barat laut, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mulund&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mulund (halaman belum tersedia)">Mulund</a> di timur laut, dan ke <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tempat_penampungan_sampah_Deonar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tempat penampungan sampah Deonar (halaman belum tersedia)">tempat penampungan sampah Deonar</a> di bagian timur.<a href="#cite_note-269">[269]</a> Pengolahan kotoran dilakukan di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Worli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Worli (halaman belum tersedia)">Worli</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Bandra" title="Bandra">Bandra</a>, dan dibuat ke dua muara sungai terpisah masing-masing sepanjang 34 km (21,1 mi) dan 37 km (23,0 mi) di Bandra dan Worli.<a href="#cite_note-270">[270]</a> Listrik didistribusikan oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brihanmumbai_Electric_Supply_and_Transport&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brihanmumbai Electric Supply and Transport (halaman belum tersedia)">Brihanmumbai Electric Supply and Transport</a> (BEST) yang menangani kota pulau tersebut, dan oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Reliance_Infrastructure&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reliance Infrastructure (halaman belum tersedia)">Reliance Energy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tata_Power" title="Tata Power">Tata Power</a>, dan Maharashtra State Electricity Distribution Co. Ltd (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahavitaran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mahavitaran (halaman belum tersedia)">Mahavitaran</a>) di sub-subperkotaan.<a href="#cite_note-271">[271]</a> Pemakaian listrik bertumbuh lebih cepat ketimbang kapasitas produksi.<a href="#cite_note-272">[272]</a> Kabel-kabel suplai listrik berada di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bawah_tanah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bawah tanah (halaman belum tersedia)">bawah tanah</a>, untuk menghindari pencurian dan kehilangan lainnya.<a href="#cite_note-curbtheft-273">[273]</a><a href="#cite_note-explorecurbtheft-274">[274]</a> Gas masa disuplai dalam bentuk <a href="/wiki/Elpiji" class="mw-redirect" title="Elpiji">elpiji</a> yang dijual oleh perusahaan-perusahaan minyak yang dimiliki negara,<a href="#cite_note-cylinderatpump-275">[275]</a> serta <a href="/wiki/Gas_alam_cair" title="Gas alam cair">gas alam cair</a> yang disuplai oleh Mahanagar Gas Limited.<a href="#cite_note-pipedattractive-276">[276]</a> Penyedia layanan telepon terbesar adalah <a href="/wiki/MTNL" class="mw-redirect" title="MTNL">MTNL</a> yang dimiliki negara, yang memegang monopoli atas layanan seluler dan jaringan tetap sampai 2000, dan menyediakan layanan-layanan jaringan tetap serta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaringan_Telepon_Tetap_Nirbakel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jaringan Telepon Tetap Nirbakel (halaman belum tersedia)">Jaringan Telepon Tetap Nirbakel</a> bergerak.<a href="#cite_note-277">[277]</a> Cangkupan telepon bergerak adalah ekstensif, dan para penyedia layanan utamanya adalah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vodafone_Essar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vodafone Essar (halaman belum tersedia)">Vodafone Essar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bharti_Airtel" title="Bharti Airtel">Airtel</a>, MTNL, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Loop_Mobile&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Loop Mobile (halaman belum tersedia)">Loop Mobile</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reliance_Communications" title="Reliance Communications">Reliance Communications</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Idea_Cellular&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Idea Cellular (halaman belum tersedia)">Idea Cellular</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tata_Indicom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tata Indicom (halaman belum tersedia)">Tata Indicom</a>. Layanan <a href="/wiki/GSM" class="mw-redirect" title="GSM">GSM</a> dan <a href="/wiki/CDMA" title="CDMA">CDMA</a> tersedia di kota tersebut.<a href="#cite_note-278">[278]</a> Mumbai, bersama dengan wilayah yang dilayani oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pertukarang_telepon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pertukarang telepon (halaman belum tersedia)">pertukarang telepon</a> di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Navi_Mumbai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Navi Mumbai (halaman belum tersedia)">Navi Mumbai</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalyan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kalyan (halaman belum tersedia)">Kalyan</a> diklasifikasikan sebagai lingkar telekom Metro.<a href="#cite_note-unifiedLicence-279">[279]</a> Beberapa penyedia layanan luar negeri juga menyediakan internet jalur lebar dan akses internet nirkabel di Mumbai. Hingga 2014<a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mumbai&action=edit">[update]</a>, Mumbai memiliki jumlah pemakai internet tertinggi di India dengan 16.4 juta pemakai.<a href="#cite_note-280">[280]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Arsitektur">Arsitektur</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mumbai&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Sunting bagian: Arsitektur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mumbai&action=edit&section=20" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Arsitektur">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Lihat pula: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Struktur_warisan_di_Mumbai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Struktur warisan di Mumbai (halaman belum tersedia)">Struktur warisan di Mumbai</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Mumbai_Night_City_(18219784390).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Mumbai_Night_City_%2818219784390%29.jpg/220px-Mumbai_Night_City_%2818219784390%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Mumbai_Night_City_%2818219784390%29.jpg/330px-Mumbai_Night_City_%2818219784390%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Mumbai_Night_City_%2818219784390%29.jpg/440px-Mumbai_Night_City_%2818219784390%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5456" data-file-height="3632" /></a><figcaption>Kota Mumbai di malam hari</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Victoria_Terminus,_Mumbai.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Sebuah gedung coklat dengan menara jam, kubah dan puncak piramidal. Selain itu, tempat tersebut juga merupakan stasiun kereta api terpadat di India.[281]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Victoria_Terminus%2C_Mumbai.jpg/270px-Victoria_Terminus%2C_Mumbai.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Victoria_Terminus%2C_Mumbai.jpg/405px-Victoria_Terminus%2C_Mumbai.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Victoria_Terminus%2C_Mumbai.jpg/540px-Victoria_Terminus%2C_Mumbai.jpg 2x" data-file-width="972" data-file-height="375" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terminal_Chhatrapati_Shivaji&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terminal Chhatrapati Shivaji (halaman belum tersedia)">Terminal Chhatrapati Shivaji</a>, yang awalnya dikenal sebagai Terminal Victoria, adalah markas besar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jalur_Kereta_Api_Pusat_(India)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jalur Kereta Api Pusat (India) (halaman belum tersedia)">Jalur Kereta Api Pusat</a> dan sebuah <a href="/wiki/Situs_Warisan_Dunia" title="Situs Warisan Dunia">Situs Warisan Dunia</a> UNESCO.</figcaption></figure> Arsitektur di kota tersebut adalah sebuah percampuran dari <a href="/wiki/Kebangkitan_Gothik" class="mw-redirect" title="Kebangkitan Gothik">Kebangkitan Gothik</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Indo-Sarakenik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indo-Sarakenik (halaman belum tersedia)">Indo-Sarakenik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Art_Deco" title="Art Deco">Art Deco</a>, dan gaya kontemporer lainnya. Sebagian besar bangunan dari zaman penjajahan Inggris, seperti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Terminal_Victoria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terminal Victoria (halaman belum tersedia)">Terminal Victoria</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Universitas_Bombay" class="mw-redirect" title="Universitas Bombay">Universitas Bombay</a>, dibangun dengan gaya Kebangkitan Gothik.<a href="#cite_note-282">[282]</a> Fitur arsitekturnya meliputi berbagai pengaruh Eropa seperti atap pelana Jerman, atap Belanda, perkayuan Swiss, pelengkung Romansa, jendela Tudor, dan fitur-fitur India tradisional.<a href="#cite_note-Profile-283">[283]</a> Terdapat juga beberapa bangunan bergaya Indo-Sarakenik seperti <a href="/wiki/Gerbang_India" class="mw-disambig" title="Gerbang India">Gerbang India</a>.<a href="#cite_note-284">[284]</a> Markah-markah tanah bergaya Art Deco dapat ditemukan di sepanjang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marine_Drive,_Mumbai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marine Drive, Mumbai (halaman belum tersedia)">Marine Drive</a> dan barat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oval_Maidan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oval Maidan (halaman belum tersedia)">Oval Maidan</a>. Mumbai memiliki jumlah bangunan Art Deco terbesar kedua di dunia setelah <a href="/wiki/Miami" title="Miami">Miami</a>. Pada subperkotaan baru, gedung-gedung modern mendominasi lanskap. Mumbai sejauh ini memiliki jumlah pencakar langit terbesar di India, dengan 956 gedung yang telah berdiri dan 272 masih dibangun hingga 2009<a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mumbai&action=edit">[update]</a>. <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:1A%3DDowntownBombay.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/33/1A%3DDowntownBombay.jpg" decoding="async" width="443" height="146" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="443" data-file-height="146" /></a><figcaption>Pemandangan kota Mumbai</figcaption></figure> Komite Konservasi Warisan Mumbai (KKWM), yang didirikan pada 1995, merumuskan ketentuan-ketentuan dan hukum-hukum khusus untuk membantu konservasi struktur-struktur warisan di kota tersebut. Mumbai memiliki dua <a href="/wiki/Situs_Warisan_Dunia" title="Situs Warisan Dunia">Situs Warisan Dunia UNESCO</a>, Terminal Chhatrapati Shivaji dan <a href="/wiki/Gua_Elephanta" title="Gua Elephanta">Gua Elephanta</a>.<a href="#cite_note-285">[285]</a> Di selatan Mumbai, berdiri gedung-gedung era kolonial dan kantor-kantor bergaya Soviet .<a href="#cite_note-economist-286">[286]</a> Di bagian timur, berdiri pabrik-pabrik dan beberapa kawasan kumuh. Di pesisir Barat, bekas pabrik-pabrik tekstil diruntuhkan dan pencakar-pencakar langit dibangun di atasnya. Terdapat 31 gedung yang lebih tinggi dari 100m, berbanding dengan 200 gedung di Shanghai, 500 gedung di Hong Kong dan 500 gedung di New York.<a href="#cite_note-economist-286">[286]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demografi">Demografi</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mumbai&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Sunting bagian: Demografi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mumbai&action=edit&section=21" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Demografi">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Lihat pula: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pertumbuhan_Mumbai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pertumbuhan Mumbai (halaman belum tersedia)">Pertumbuhan Mumbai</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Statistik_Mumbai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Statistik Mumbai (halaman belum tersedia)">Statistik Mumbai</a></div> <table class="infobox collapsible" style="float: right; padding: 1px; border-spacing: 0; text-align:right"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4" style="padding-right: 3px; padding-left: 3px; text-align: center; font-size: 110%;">Pertumbuhan populasi </th></tr> <tr style="font-size: 95%;"> <th style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 1px solid #000">Sensus</th><th style="text-align:center; border-bottom:1px solid black">Pop.</th><th style="text-align:center; border-bottom:1px solid black"> </th><th style="text-align:center; border-bottom:1px solid black">%±</th></tr> <tr><td style="text-align:center">1971</td><td style="padding-left:8px">5.970.575</td><td></td><td style="padding-left:8px"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">—</div></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center">1981</td><td style="padding-left:8px">8.243.405</td><td></td><td style="padding-left:8px">38.1%</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center">1991</td><td style="padding-left:8px">9.925.891</td><td></td><td style="padding-left:8px">20.4%</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center">2001</td><td style="padding-left:8px">11.914.398</td><td></td><td style="padding-left:8px">20.0%</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center">2011</td><td style="padding-left:8px">12.478.447</td><td></td><td style="padding-left:8px">4.7%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="border-top:1px solid black; font-size:85%; text-align:left">Sumber: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Otoritas_Pengembangan_Kawasan_Metropolitan_Mumbai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Otoritas Pengembangan Kawasan Metropolitan Mumbai (halaman belum tersedia)">MMRDA</a><a href="#cite_note-287">[287]</a> Data berdasarkan pada Sensus <a href="/wiki/Pemerintah_India" title="Pemerintah India">Pemerintah India</a>.</td></tr> </tbody></table> Menurut <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sensus_India_2011&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sensus India 2011 (halaman belum tersedia)">sensus 2011</a>, populasi Mumbai sejumlah 12,479,608 jiwa. Kepadatan populasinya diperkirakan sekitar 20,482 orang per kilometer persegi. Ruang hidupnya 4.5 meter persegi per orang.<a href="#cite_note-mmmumbaiproperty-288">[288]</a> Menurut sensus 2011, Mumbai Besar, wilayah yang berada di bawah kepengurusan <a href="/w/index.php?title=MCGM&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MCGM (halaman belum tersedia)">MCGM</a>, memiliki tingkat melek huruf sebesar 94.7%, lebih tinggi ketimbang rata-rata nasional 86.7%. Jumlah pemukim kumuhnya diperkirakan berjumlah 9 juta, meningkat dari 6 juta pada 2001,<a href="#cite_note-289">[289]</a> yang artinya, 62% dari seluruh penduduk Mumbai tinggal di kawasan kumuh tak layak. Sex ratio pada 2011 adalah 838 perempuan per 1,000 laki-laki di kota pulau tersebut, 857 di subperkotaan, dan 848 secara keseluruhan di Mumbai Besar, seluruh jumlah lebih rendah ketimbang rata-rata nasional 914 perempuan per 1,000 laki-laki. Sex ratio yang rendah sebagian karena jumlah besar migran laki-laki yang datang ke kota tersebut untuk bekerja.<a href="#cite_note-290">[290]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Persians_(Parsees)_in_Bombay_1873.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Persians_%28Parsees%29_in_Bombay_1873.jpg/220px-Persians_%28Parsees%29_in_Bombay_1873.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="308" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Persians_%28Parsees%29_in_Bombay_1873.jpg/330px-Persians_%28Parsees%29_in_Bombay_1873.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Persians_%28Parsees%29_in_Bombay_1873.jpg/440px-Persians_%28Parsees%29_in_Bombay_1873.jpg 2x" data-file-width="520" data-file-height="728" /></a><figcaption>"Orang-Orang Parsi dari Bombay", sebuah gravir kayu, ca. 1878. Mumbai adalah tempat tinggal dari populasi <a href="/wiki/Parsi" class="mw-disambig" title="Parsi">Parsi</a> terbesar di dunia.</figcaption></figure> Para penduduk Mumbai menyebut diri mereka sendiri <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mumbaikar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mumbaikar (halaman belum tersedia)">Mumbaikar</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Mumbaikar-291">[291]</a> Mumbaiite,<a href="#cite_note-Mumbaiite-292">[292]</a> Bombayite atau Bombaiite. Mumbai memiliki sejumlah besar populasi poliglot seperti halnya <a href="/w/index.php?title=Status_kota_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Status kota India (halaman belum tersedia)">kota metropolitan</a> lainnya di India. Enam belas <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_di_India" title="Bahasa di India">bahasa di India</a> yang utama juga dipakai di Mumbai, yang paling umum adalah bahasa <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Marathi" title="Bahasa Marathi">Marathi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Hindi" title="Bahasa Hindi">Hindi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Gujarati" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Gujarati">Gujarati</a> dan Inggris.<a href="#cite_note-293">[293]</a> Inggris dipakai secara khusus dan merupakan bahasa utama bagi <a href="/wiki/Pekerja_kerah_putih" title="Pekerja kerah putih">pekerja kerah putih</a> di kota tersebut. Sebuah bentuk unik dari Hindi, yang dikenal sebagai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bambaiya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bambaiya (halaman belum tersedia)">Bambaiya</a> – sebuah percampuran bahasa Marathi, <a href="/wiki/Hindi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindi">Hindi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Gujarati" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Gujarati">Gujarati</a>, <a href="/wiki/Konkani" class="mw-redirect" title="Konkani">Konkani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Urdu" class="mw-redirect" title="Urdu">Urdu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris_India" title="Bahasa Inggris India">Inggris India</a> dan beberapa kata yang diciptakan – dipakai di jalanan.<a href="#cite_note-294">[294]</a> Mumbai mengalami masalah-masalah urbanisasi besar yang sama dengan yang dihadapi di beberapa kota yang berkembang cepat di negara-<a href="/wiki/Negara_berkembang" title="Negara berkembang">negara berkembang</a>: merebaknya kemiskinan dan pengangguran, rendahnya kesehatan publik dan rendahnya taraf hidup dan standar pendidikan untuk sebagian besar penduduk. Karena lahan yang tersedia sedikit, penduduk Mumbai sering kali tinggal berhimpit-himpitan, secara khusus dengan mengontrak rumah, yang biasanya jauh dari tempat-tempat kerja, dan mengharapkan jalur yang panjang untuk angkutan cepat, atau jalan raya yang lancar. Beberapa dari mereka tinggal di dekat stasiun-stasiun bus atau kereta meskipun para penduduk subperkotaan menjalani sebagian besar waktu berkunjung ke wilayah barat distrik komersial utama.<a href="#cite_note-295">[295]</a> <a href="/wiki/Dharavi" title="Dharavi">Dharavi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kawasan_kumuh" title="Kawasan kumuh">kawasan kumuh</a> terbesar kedua di Asia (jika Kota Orangi di <a href="/wiki/Karachi" title="Karachi">Karachi</a> dianggap sebagai kawasan kumuh tunggal)<a href="#cite_note-296">[296]</a> terletak di tengah Mumbai dan ditinggali oleh antara 800,000 sampai satu juta orang<a href="#cite_note-297">[297]</a> dalam wilayah seluas 239 kilometer persegi (92,28 sq mi), menjadikannya salah satu wilayah paling padat penduduk di Bumi<a href="#cite_note-298">[298]</a> dengan kepadatan penduduk sekitar 334,728 orang per kilometer persegi. Dengan tingkat melek huruf 69%, kawasan-kawasan kumuh di Mumbai adalah kawasan kumuh yang paling melek huruf di India.<a href="#cite_note-299">[299]</a> Sejumlah migran yang datang ke Mumbai dari luar Maharashtra pada dekade 1991–2001 berjumlah 1.12 juta, yang meningkatkan 54.8% populasi Mumbai.<a href="#cite_note-300">[300]</a> Jumlah rumah tangga di Mumbai akan meningkat dari 4.2 juta pada 2008 menjadi 6.6 juta pada 2020. Jumlah rumah tangga dengan pendapatan tahunan 2 juta rupee akan meningkat dari 4% menjadi 10% pada 2020, yang terdiri dari 660,000 keluarga. Jumlah rumah tangga dengan pendapatan dari 1–2 juta rupee juga diperkirakan meningkat dari 4% menjadi 15% pada 2020.<a href="#cite_note-301">[301]</a> Menurut Laporan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Badan_Kontrol_Polusi_Pusat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Badan Kontrol Polusi Pusat (halaman belum tersedia)">Badan Kontrol Polusi Pusat (BKPP)</a> 2016, Mumbai adalah kota paling ramai di India, yang disusul oleh <a href="/wiki/Lucknow" title="Lucknow">Lucknow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hyderabad" title="Hyderabad">Hyderabad</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-302">[302]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kelompok_etnis_dan_agama">Kelompok etnis dan agama</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mumbai&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Sunting bagian: Kelompok etnis dan agama" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mumbai&action=edit&section=22" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Kelompok etnis dan agama">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <div class="barbox tright" style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:auto; background: white;"> <table style="border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#Fcd116"><th colspan="5">Agama di Mumbai Besar (2011)<a href="#cite_note-census2011-303">[303]</a></th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td style="padding:0 4px;">Agama</td> <td style="padding:0 4px; text-align:right;"></td> <td style="width:100px;"> </td><td style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;">Persen</td> <td style="padding:0 4px; text-align:right;"></td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindu</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#FF6600; width:65.99%; overflow: hidden;">  </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">65,99%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#009000; width:20.65%; overflow: hidden;">  </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">20,65%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Buddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddha">Buddha</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#FFFF00; width:4.85%; overflow: hidden;">  </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">4,85%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Jain" class="mw-redirect" title="Jain">Jain</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#FF7601; width:4.10%; overflow: hidden;">  </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">4,10%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Kristen" class="mw-redirect" title="Kristen">Kristen</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#9955BB; width:3.27%; overflow: hidden;">  </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">3,27%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Lain-Lain</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#808080; width:1.15%; overflow: hidden;">  </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">1,15%</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> Kelompok-kelompok agama yang terwakili di Mumbai pada 2011 meliputi <a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindu</a> (65.99%), <a href="/wiki/Muslim" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> (20.65%), <a href="/wiki/Buddhis" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhis">Buddhis</a> (4.85%), <a href="/wiki/Jain" class="mw-redirect" title="Jain">Jain</a> (4.10%), <a href="/wiki/Kristen" class="mw-redirect" title="Kristen">Kristen</a> (3.27%),<a href="#cite_note-census2011-303">[303]</a><a href="#cite_note-304">[304]</a><a href="#cite_note-305">[305]</a> <a href="/wiki/Sikh" title="Sikh">Sikh</a> (0.58%), dengan <a href="/wiki/Parsi" class="mw-disambig" title="Parsi">Parsi</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Yahudi" class="mw-disambig" title="Yahudi">Yahudi</a> meliputi sisa populasinya.<a href="#cite_note-census2011-303">[303]</a><a href="#cite_note-306">[306]</a> Demografi linguistik/etnisnya adalah: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Orang_Maharashtra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orang Maharashtra (halaman belum tersedia)">orang Maharashtra</a> (42%), <a href="/wiki/Orang_Gujarat" class="mw-redirect" title="Orang Gujarat">orang Gujarat</a> (19%), dan sisanya berasal dari bagian lainnya di India.<a href="#cite_note-307">[307]</a> Para penganut Kristen pribumi meliputi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Orang_India_Timur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orang India Timur (halaman belum tersedia)">penganut Katolik India Timur</a>, yang dikonversi oleh Portugis pada abad ke-16,<a href="#cite_note-308">[308]</a> sementara <a href="/wiki/Umat_Katolik_Goa" title="Umat Katolik Goa">Umat Katolik Goa</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Umat_Katolik_Mangalore" title="Umat Katolik Mangalore">Mangalore</a> juga meliputi jumlah yang signifikan dari komunitas Kristen di kota tersebut.<a href="#cite_note-309">[309]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sejarah_Yahudi_di_Mumbai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sejarah Yahudi di Mumbai (halaman belum tersedia)">Yahudi bermukim di Bombay</a> pada abad ke-18. Komunitas Yahudi <a href="/wiki/Bene_Israel" title="Bene Israel">Bene Israel</a> di Bombay, yang bermigrasi dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Konkan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konkan (halaman belum tersedia)">desa-desa Konkan</a>, selatan Bombay, dipercaya merupakan keturunan Yahudi di Israel yang terdampar di lepas pesisir Konkan, diyakini pada tahun 175 SM, pada masa pemerintahan penguasa <a href="/wiki/Yunani_Kuno" title="Yunani Kuno">Yunani Kuno</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antiokus_IV_Epifanes" class="mw-redirect" title="Antiokus IV Epifanes">Antiokus IV Epifanes</a>.<a href="#cite_note-310">[310]</a> Mumbai juga merupakan tempat tinggal dari populasi <a href="/wiki/Parsi" class="mw-disambig" title="Parsi">Parsi</a> <a href="/wiki/Zoroastrian" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoroastrian">Zoroastrian</a> terbesar di dunia, yang berjumlah sekitar 80,000 jiwa. Kaum Parsi bermigrasi ke India dari <a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Fars" title="Provinsi Fars">Pars</a> (Persia/<a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>) setelah <a href="/wiki/Penaklukan_Muslim_di_Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Penaklukan Muslim di Persia">penaklukan Muslim di Persia</a> pada abad ketujuh.<a href="#cite_note-311">[311]</a> Komunitas Muslim tertua di Mumbai meliputi <a href="/wiki/Dawoodi_Bohra" title="Dawoodi Bohra">Dawoodi Bohra</a>, Ismaili <a href="/wiki/Khoja" title="Khoja">Khoja</a>, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Muslim_Konkani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muslim Konkani (halaman belum tersedia)">Muslim Konkani</a>.<a href="#cite_note-312">[312]</a> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Budaya">Budaya</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mumbai&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Sunting bagian: Budaya" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mumbai&action=edit&section=23" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Budaya">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Budaya_Mumbai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Budaya Mumbai (halaman belum tersedia)">Budaya Mumbai</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Mumbai_03-2016_70_Asiatic_Society_Library.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Mumbai_03-2016_70_Asiatic_Society_Library.jpg/220px-Mumbai_03-2016_70_Asiatic_Society_Library.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Mumbai_03-2016_70_Asiatic_Society_Library.jpg/330px-Mumbai_03-2016_70_Asiatic_Society_Library.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Mumbai_03-2016_70_Asiatic_Society_Library.jpg/440px-Mumbai_03-2016_70_Asiatic_Society_Library.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4817" data-file-height="3211" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perhimpunan_Asiatik_Bombay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perhimpunan Asiatik Bombay (halaman belum tersedia)">Perhimpunan Asiatik Bombay</a> adalah salah satu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perpustakaan_publik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perpustakaan publik (halaman belum tersedia)">perpustakaan publik</a> tertua di kota tersebut.</figcaption></figure> Budaya Mumbai adalah sebuah percampuran dari festival, makanan, musik, dan teater tradisional. Kota tersebut menawarkan gaya hidup beragam dan kosmopolitan dengan berbagai makanan, hiburan, dan kehidupan malam, tersedia dalam bentuk dan kelimpahan yang berbanding dengan ibu kota dunia lainnya. Sejarah Mumbai sebagai pusat dagang utama berujung pada keragaman budaya, agama, dan masakan yang terdapat di kota tersebut. Percampuran budaya unik tersebut dikarenakan migrasi orang-orang dari seluruh belahan India sejak zaman penjajahan Inggris. Mumbai adalah tempat lahir dari <a href="/wiki/Sinema_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinema India">sinema India</a><a href="#cite_note-313">[313]</a>—<a href="/wiki/Dadasaheb_Phalke" title="Dadasaheb Phalke">Dadasaheb Phalke</a> memimpin pendirian tersebut dengan film-film bisu disusul oleh <a href="/wiki/Sinema_Marathi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinema Marathi">film-film bersuara Marathi</a>—dan penyiaran film tertua diadakan pada awal abad ke-20.<a href="#cite_note-314">[314]</a> Mumbai juga memiliki sejumlah besar tempat penayangan layar lebar yang menampilkan film-film Bollywood, Marathi dan Hollywood. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Festival_Film_Internasional_Mumbai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Festival Film Internasional Mumbai (halaman belum tersedia)">Festival Film Internasional Mumbai</a><a href="#cite_note-315">[315]</a> dan acara <a href="/wiki/Penghargaan_Filmfare" title="Penghargaan Filmfare">Penghargaan Filmfare</a>, penghargaan film berpengaruh dan tertua yang diberikan untuk industri film India di India, diadakan di Mumbai.<a href="#cite_note-316">[316]</a> Meskipun sebagai besar kelompok teater profesional yang dibentuk pada zaman <a href="/wiki/Kemaharajaan_Britania" class="mw-redirect" title="Kemaharajaan Britania">Kemaharajaan Britania</a> dibubarkan pada 1950-an, Mumbai mengembangkan sebuah tradisi "gerakan teater" dalam bahasa Marathi, Hindi, Inggris, dan bahasa regional lainnya.<a href="#cite_note-multitheater-317">[317]</a><a href="#cite_note-318">[318]</a> Seni kontemporer muncul baik dalam ranah seni yang didanai pemerintah maupun galeri komersial swasta. Lembaga-lembaga yang didanai pemerintah meliputi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Galeri_Seni_Jehangir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Galeri Seni Jehangir (halaman belum tersedia)">Galeri Seni Jehangir</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Galeri_Seni_Modern_Nasional" title="Galeri Seni Modern Nasional">Galeri Seni Modern Nasional</a>. Dibangun pada 1833, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perhimpunan_Asiatik_Bombay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perhimpunan Asiatik Bombay (halaman belum tersedia)">Perhimpunan Asiatik Bombay</a> adalah salah satu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perpustakaan_publik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perpustakaan publik (halaman belum tersedia)">perpustakaan publik</a> tertua di kota tersebut.<a href="#cite_note-319">[319]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chhatrapati_Shivaji_Maharaj_Vastu_Sangrahalaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Vastu Sangrahalaya (halaman belum tersedia)">Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Vastu Sangrahalaya</a> (awalnya The Prince of Wales Museum) adalah sebuah museum terkenal di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mumbai_Selatan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mumbai Selatan (halaman belum tersedia)">Mumbai Selatan</a> menyimpan barang-barang kuno langka sepanjang sejarah India.<a href="#cite_note-320">[320]</a> Mumbai memiliki sebuah kebun binatang yang bernama <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jijamata_Udyaan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jijamata Udyaan (halaman belum tersedia)">Jijamata Udyaan</a> (awalnya Victoria Gardens), yang juga dikelilingi sebuah taman. Tradisi kaya sastra di kota tersebut disorot secara internasional oleh pemenang <a href="/wiki/Booker_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="Booker Prize">Booker Prize</a> <a href="/wiki/Salman_Rushdie" title="Salman Rushdie">Salman Rushdie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aravind_Adiga" title="Aravind Adiga">Aravind Adiga</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sastra_Marathi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sastra Marathi (halaman belum tersedia)">Sastra Marathi</a> telah dimodernisasi dalam karya-karya pengarang yang berbasis di Mumbai seperti Mohan Apte, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anant_Kanekar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anant Kanekar (halaman belum tersedia)">Anant Kanekar</a>, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gangadhar_Gadgil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gangadhar Gadgil (halaman belum tersedia)">Gangadhar Gadgil</a>, dan dipromosikan melalui <a href="/w/index.php?title=Penghargaan_Sahitya_Akademi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penghargaan Sahitya Akademi (halaman belum tersedia)">Penghargaan Sahitya Akademi</a> tahunan, sebuah penghargaan sastra yang dianugerahi oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sahitya_Akademi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sahitya Akademi (halaman belum tersedia)">Akademi Sastra Nasional</a> India.<a href="#cite_note-321">[321]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Chowpatti_Beach_(Girgaum_Chowpatty).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Chowpatti_Beach_%28Girgaum_Chowpatty%29.jpg/220px-Chowpatti_Beach_%28Girgaum_Chowpatty%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Chowpatti_Beach_%28Girgaum_Chowpatty%29.jpg/330px-Chowpatti_Beach_%28Girgaum_Chowpatty%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Chowpatti_Beach_%28Girgaum_Chowpatty%29.jpg/440px-Chowpatti_Beach_%28Girgaum_Chowpatty%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>Pantai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Girgaum_Chowpatty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Girgaum Chowpatty (halaman belum tersedia)">Girgaum Chowpatty</a>. Pantai-pantai adalah tempat wisata populer di kota tersebut.</figcaption></figure> Para penduduk Mumbai merayakan perayaan-<a href="/w/index.php?title=Perayaan_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perayaan India (halaman belum tersedia)">perayaan India</a> dan Barat. <a href="/wiki/Diwali" class="mw-redirect" title="Diwali">Diwali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Holi" title="Holi">Holi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Idul_Fitri" class="mw-redirect" title="Idul Fitri">Idul Fitri</a>, Natal, <a href="/wiki/Navratri" class="mw-redirect" title="Navratri">Navratri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jumat_Agung" title="Jumat Agung">Jumat Agung</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Navrati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Navrati (halaman belum tersedia)">Dussera</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Moharram&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moharram (halaman belum tersedia)">Moharram</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ganesh_Chaturthi" title="Ganesh Chaturthi">Ganesh Chaturthi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Durga_Puja" title="Durga Puja">Durga Puja</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maha_Shivratri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maha Shivratri (halaman belum tersedia)">Maha Shivratri</a> adalah beberapa perayaan populer di kota tersebut <a href="/w/index.php?title=Festival_Seni_Rupa_Kala_Ghoda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Festival Seni Rupa Kala Ghoda (halaman belum tersedia)">Festival Seni Rupa Kala Ghoda</a> adalah sebuah pameran dunia seni rupa yang menampilkan karya-karya para artis dalam bidang musik, tari, teater dan film.<a href="#cite_note-322">[322]</a> Sebuah perayaan tahunan yang berjalan selama sepekan yang dikenal sebagai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perayaan_Bandra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perayaan Bandra (halaman belum tersedia)">Perayaan Bandra</a>, yang dimulai pada Minggu berikutnya setelah 8 September, diikutsertakan oleh orang-orang dari seluruh kepercayaan, untuk memperingati <a href="/wiki/Kelahiran_Maria" title="Kelahiran Maria">Kelahiran Maria</a>, ibu Yesus, pada 8 September.<a href="#cite_note-mid1-323">[323]</a> Festival Banganga adalah sebuah festival musik dua hari, yang diadakan setiap tahun pada bulan Januari, yang diselenggarakan oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perusahaan_Pengembangan_Pariwisata_Maharashtra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perusahaan Pengembangan Pariwisata Maharashtra (halaman belum tersedia)">Perusahaan Pengembangan Pariwisata Maharashtra</a> di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tempat_Penampungan_Air_Banganga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tempat Penampungan Air Banganga (halaman belum tersedia)">Tempat Penampungan Air Banganga</a>, Mumbai.<a href="#cite_note-MTDCpullout-324">[324]</a><a href="#cite_note-MTDCBanganga-325">[325]</a> Festival Elephanta—yang dirayakan setiap bulan Februari di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulau_Elephanta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pulau Elephanta (halaman belum tersedia)">Pulau Elephanta</a>—ditujukan kepada para penampil musik dan tari India klasik dari seluruh belahan negara tersebut.<a href="#cite_note-MTDCpullout-324">[324]</a><a href="#cite_note-MTDCElephanta-326">[326]</a> Hari libur publik khusus pada kota tersebut dan negara bagiannya meliputi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hari_Maharashtra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hari Maharashtra (halaman belum tersedia)">Hari Maharashtra</a> pada 1 Mei, untuk merayakan pembentukan negara bagian Maharashtra pada 1 Mei 1960,<a href="#cite_note-327">[327]</a><a href="#cite_note-328">[328]</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gudi_Padwa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gudi Padwa (halaman belum tersedia)">Gudi Padwa</a> yang merupakan Hari Tahun Baru bagi <a href="/wiki/Orang_Marathi" class="mw-redirect" title="Orang Marathi">orang Marathi</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_pantai_Mumbai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar pantai Mumbai (halaman belum tersedia)">Pantai-pantai</a> adalah tempat wisata utama di kota tersebut. Pantai-pantai utama di Mumbai adalah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Girgaum_Chowpatty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Girgaum Chowpatty (halaman belum tersedia)">Girgaum Chowpatty</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pantai_Juhu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pantai Juhu (halaman belum tersedia)">Pantai Juhu</a>, Dadar Chowpatty, Pantai Gorai, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pantai_Marve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pantai Marve (halaman belum tersedia)">Pantai Marve</a>, Pantai Versova, Pantai Madh, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pantai_Aksa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pantai Aksa (halaman belum tersedia)">Pantai Aksa</a>, dan Pantai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Manori&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manori (halaman belum tersedia)">Manori</a>.<a href="#cite_note-329">[329]</a> Sebagian besar pantai digunakan untuk berenang, kecuali Girgaum Chowpatty dan Pantai Juhu.<a href="#cite_note-330">[330]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Essel_World&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Essel World (halaman belum tersedia)">Essel World</a> adalah sebuah taman bermain dan pusat hiburan yang berdekatan dengan Pantai Gorai,<a href="#cite_note-331">[331]</a> dan meliputi taman wisata air terbesar di Asia, Water Kingdom.<a href="#cite_note-332">[332]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adlabs_Imagica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adlabs Imagica (halaman belum tersedia)">Adlabs Imagica</a> yang dibuka pada April 2013 terletak di dekat kota Khopoli lepas <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jalan_Ekspres_Mumbai-Pune&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jalan Ekspres Mumbai-Pune (halaman belum tersedia)">Jalan Ekspres Mumbai-Pune</a>.<a href="#cite_note-founderimagica-333">[333]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mumbai&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Sunting bagian: Media" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mumbai&action=edit&section=24" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Media">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Lihat pula: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_stasiun_radio_Mumbai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar stasiun radio Mumbai (halaman belum tersedia)">Daftar stasiun radio Mumbai</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Times_of_India_Building.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Times_of_India_Building.jpg/220px-Times_of_India_Building.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Times_of_India_Building.jpg/330px-Times_of_India_Building.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Times_of_India_Building.jpg/440px-Times_of_India_Building.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Kantor pertama <a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a> yang berseberangan dengan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Terminal_Chhatrapati_Shivaji&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terminal Chhatrapati Shivaji (halaman belum tersedia)">Terminal Chhatrapati Shivaji</a> dimana surat kabar tersebut dibentuk.<a href="#cite_note-televisionpoint2006-334">[334]</a></figcaption></figure> Mumbai memiliki sejumlah publikasi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Surat_kabar_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Surat kabar India (halaman belum tersedia)">surat kabar</a>, televisi dan stasiun radio. Harian-harian Marathi menikmati pembagian pembaca yang maksimum di kota tersebut dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_surat_kabar_berbahasa_Marathi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar surat kabar berbahasa Marathi (halaman belum tersedia)">surat-surat kabar berbahasa Marathi</a> tersohor adalah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maharashtra_Times&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maharashtra Times (halaman belum tersedia)">Maharashtra Times</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nava_Kaal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nava Kaal (halaman belum tersedia)">Navakaal</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lokmat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lokmat (halaman belum tersedia)">Lokmat</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Loksatta_(newspaper)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Loksatta (newspaper) (halaman belum tersedia)">Loksatta</a>, Mumbai Chaufer, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saamana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saamana (halaman belum tersedia)">Saamana</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sakaal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sakaal (halaman belum tersedia)">Sakaal</a>.<a href="#cite_note-335">[335]</a> Majalah-majalah berbahasa Marathi populer adalah Saptahik Sakaal, Grihashobhika, Lokrajya, Lokprabha & Chitralekha.<a href="#cite_note-336">[336]</a> Surat-surat kabar berbahasa Inggris populer yang dipublikasikan dan dijual di Mumbai meliputi <a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=MiD_DAY&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MiD DAY (halaman belum tersedia)">Mid-day</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hindustan_Times" title="Hindustan Times">Hindustan Times</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=DNA_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DNA India (halaman belum tersedia)">DNA India</a>, and <a href="/wiki/The_Indian_Express" title="The Indian Express">The Indian Express</a>. Surat-surat kabar juga dicetak dalam bahasa-bahasa India lainnya.<a href="#cite_note-337">[337]</a> Mumbai adalah rumah dari surat kabar tertua di Asia, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bombay_Samachar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bombay Samachar (halaman belum tersedia)">Bombay Samachar</a>, yang dipublikasikan dalam bahasa Gujarati sejak 1822.<a href="#cite_note-338">[338]</a> Bombay Durpan, surat kabar Marathi pertama, dimulai oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Balshastri_Jambhekar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Balshastri Jambhekar (halaman belum tersedia)">Balshastri Jambhekar</a> di Mumbai pada 1832.<a href="#cite_note-PubliclifeMSG-339">[339]</a> Sejumlah saluran televisi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Televisi_di_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Televisi di India (halaman belum tersedia)">India</a> dan internasional dapat ditonton di Mumbai melalui salah satu penyedia televisi kabel lokal atau perusahaan <a href="/wiki/TV_berbayar" class="mw-redirect" title="TV berbayar">TV berbayar</a>. Wilayah metropolis juga merupakan pusat beberapa perusahaan media internasional, dengan beberapa penerbitan cetak dan saluran berita yang memiliki pengaruh besar. Penyiar televisi nasional, <a href="/wiki/Doordarshan" title="Doordarshan">Doordarshan</a>, menyediakan dua saluran terestrial gratis, sementara tiga jaringan kabel utama melayani sebagian besar rumah tangga.<a href="#cite_note-340">[340]</a> Sebagian besar saluran kabel yang tersedia meliputi <a href="/wiki/Zee_Marathi" title="Zee Marathi">Zee Marathi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zee_Talkies" title="Zee Talkies">Zee Talkies</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=ETV_Marathi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ETV Marathi (halaman belum tersedia)">ETV Marathi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Star_Pravah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Star Pravah (halaman belum tersedia)">Star Pravah</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mi_Marathi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mi Marathi (halaman belum tersedia)">Mi Marathi</a>, DD Sahyadri (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Televisi_berbahasa_Marathi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Televisi berbahasa Marathi (halaman belum tersedia)">saluran berbahasa Marathi</a>), saluran-saluran berita seperti <a href="/wiki/ABP_Majha" title="ABP Majha">ABP Majha</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=IBN-Lokmat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IBN-Lokmat (halaman belum tersedia)">IBN-Lokmat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zee_24_Taas" title="Zee 24 Taas">Zee 24 Taas</a>, saluran-saluran olahraga seperti <a href="/wiki/ESPN" title="ESPN">ESPN</a>, <a href="/wiki/Star_Sports" title="Star Sports">Star Sports</a>, saluran-saluran hiburan nasional seperti <a href="/wiki/Colors_(saluran_TV)" class="mw-redirect" title="Colors (saluran TV)">Colors</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sony_Entertainment_Television_(India)" title="Sony Entertainment Television (India)">Sony</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zee_TV" title="Zee TV">Zee TV</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Star_Plus" title="Star Plus">Star Plus</a>, saluran-saluran berita bisnis seperti <a href="/w/index.php?title=CNBC_Awaaz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CNBC Awaaz (halaman belum tersedia)">CNBC Awaaz</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zee_Business&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zee Business (halaman belum tersedia)">Zee Business</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=ET_Now&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ET Now (halaman belum tersedia)">ET Now</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_UTV" class="mw-redirect" title="Bloomberg UTV">Bloomberg UTV</a>. Saluran-saluran berita yang secara keseluruhan didedikasikan kepada Mumbai meliputi Sahara Samay Mumbai. <a href="/wiki/Zing_(saluran_TV)" title="Zing (saluran TV)">Zing</a>, sebuah saluran gosip Bollywood populer, juga berbasis di Mumbai. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Satelit_penyiaran_langsung&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Satelit penyiaran langsung (halaman belum tersedia)">Televisi satelit</a> (DTH) meraih permintaan yang besar, karena biaya pemasangannya yang tinggi.<a href="#cite_note-341">[341]</a> Layanan hiburan DTH terkenal di Mumbai meliputi <a href="/wiki/Dish_TV" title="Dish TV">Dish TV</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Tata_Sky" class="mw-redirect" title="Tata Sky">Tata Sky</a>.<a href="#cite_note-342">[342]</a> Terdapat dua belas stasiun di Mumbai, dengan sembilan penyiaran dalam format <a href="/wiki/Modulasi_frekuensi" title="Modulasi frekuensi">FM</a>, dan tiga stasiun penyiaran <a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio_Seluruh_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radio Seluruh India (halaman belum tersedia)">Radio Seluruh India</a> dalam format <a href="/wiki/Modulasi_amplitudo" title="Modulasi amplitudo">AM</a>.<a href="#cite_note-343">[343]</a> Mumbai juga memiliki akses untuk para penyedia <a href="/wiki/Penyiaran_komersial" title="Penyiaran komersial">radio komersial</a> seperti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sirius_Satellite_Radio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sirius Satellite Radio (halaman belum tersedia)">Sirius</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistem_Akses_Kondisional&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sistem Akses Kondisional (halaman belum tersedia)">Sistem Akses Kondisional</a> dimulai oleh <a href="/wiki/Pemerintah_India" title="Pemerintah India">Pemerintah Persatuan</a> pada 2006 mendapatkan sambutan yang rendah di Mumbai karena persaingannya dengan teknologi saudarinya layanan transmisi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Satelit_penyiaran_langsung&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Satelit penyiaran langsung (halaman belum tersedia)">Direct-to-Home</a> (DTH).<a href="#cite_note-344">[344]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bollywood" title="Bollywood">Bollywood</a>, industri film Hindi yang berbasis di Mumbai, memproduksi sekitar 150–200 film setiap tahun.<a href="#cite_note-345">[345]</a> Nama Bollywood adalah sebuah percampuran dari nama Bombay dan <a href="/wiki/Sinema_Amerika_Serikat" title="Sinema Amerika Serikat">Hollywood</a>.<a href="#cite_note-346">[346]</a> Pada 2000-an, ketenaran Bollywood berkembang di luar negeri. Kenyataan tersebut membuat proyek pembuatan film untuk meningkatkan kualitas, sinematografi dan jalan cerita inovatif serta kemajuan teknis seperti efek khusus dan animasi.<a href="#cite_note-347">[347]</a> Studio-studio di Goregaon, termasuk <a href="/wiki/Film_City" title="Film City">Film City</a>, merupakan tempat untuk sebagian besar proses pembuatan film.<a href="#cite_note-348">[348]</a> Kota tersebut juga mentuanrumahi <a href="/wiki/Sinema_Marathi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinema Marathi">industri ilm Marathi</a> yang mengalami peningkatan ketenaran pada tahun-tahun terkini, dan perusahaan-perusahaan produksi TV. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pendidikan">Pendidikan</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mumbai&veaction=edit&section=25" title="Sunting bagian: Pendidikan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mumbai&action=edit&section=25" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pendidikan">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Lihat pula: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_lembaga_pendidikan_di_Mumbai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar lembaga pendidikan di Mumbai (halaman belum tersedia)">Daftar lembaga pendidikan di Mumbai § Sekolah</a>, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_kolese_di_Mumbai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar kolese di Mumbai (halaman belum tersedia)">Daftar kolese di Mumbai</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Mumbai_03-2016_39_University.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Mumbai_03-2016_39_University.jpg/170px-Mumbai_03-2016_39_University.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="272" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Mumbai_03-2016_39_University.jpg/255px-Mumbai_03-2016_39_University.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Mumbai_03-2016_39_University.jpg/340px-Mumbai_03-2016_39_University.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3420" data-file-height="5472" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Menara_Jam_Rajabai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Menara Jam Rajabai (halaman belum tersedia)">Menara Jam Rajabai</a> di <a href="/wiki/Universitas_Mumbai" title="Universitas Mumbai">Universitas Mumbai</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sekolah">Sekolah</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mumbai&veaction=edit&section=26" title="Sunting bagian: Sekolah" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mumbai&action=edit&section=26" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Sekolah">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Sekolah-sekolah di Mumbai adalah "sekolah munisipal" (dijalankan oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perusahaan_Munisipal_Mumbai_Besar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perusahaan Munisipal Mumbai Besar (halaman belum tersedia)">PMMB</a>) atau sekolah swasta (dijalankan oleh lembaga-lembaga atau perorangan), yang dalam beberapa kasus meraih bantuan keuangan dari pemerintah.<a href="#cite_note-349">[349]</a> Sekolah-sekolah tersebut berafiliasi dengan badan-badan berikut <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Badan_Pendidikan_Menengah_dan_Menengah_Keatas_Negara_Bagian_Maharashtra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Badan Pendidikan Menengah dan Menengah Keatas Negara Bagian Maharashtra (halaman belum tersedia)">Badan Negara Bagian Maharashtra</a> (BPMMKNBM)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Council_for_the_Indian_School_Certificate_Examinations&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations (halaman belum tersedia)">Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations</a> (CISCE) Seluruh India</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Institute_of_Open_Schooling&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Institute of Open Schooling (halaman belum tersedia)">National Institute of Open Schooling</a> (NIOS)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Board_of_Secondary_Education&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central Board of Secondary Education (halaman belum tersedia)">Central Board for Secondary Education</a> (CBSE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Baccalaureate" title="International Baccalaureate">International Baccalaureate</a> (IB)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_General_Certificate_of_Secondary_Education&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International General Certificate of Secondary Education (halaman belum tersedia)">International General Certificate of Secondary Education</a> (IGCSE).<a href="#cite_note-350">[350]</a> Marathi atau Inggris adalah bahasa instruksi lazim.<a href="#cite_note-351">[351]</a> Sekolah-sekolah publik yang dijalankan pemerintah menyediakan beberapa fasilitas,m namun hanya opsi bagi para penduduk miskin yang tidak dapat masuk sekolah swasta yang berbiaya tinggi.<a href="#cite_note-352">[352]</a></li></ul> Sistem pendidikan dasar PMMB adalah sistem pendidikan dasar perkotaan terbesar di Asia. PMMB mengoperasikan 1,188 sekolah dasar yang menyediakan pendidikan dasar kepada 485,531 murid dalam delapan bahasa (Marathi, <a href="/wiki/Hindi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindi">Hindi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Gujarati" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Gujarati">Gujarati</a>, <a href="/wiki/Urdu" class="mw-redirect" title="Urdu">Urdu</a>, Inggris, <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Tamil" title="Bahasa Tamil">Tamil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Telugu" title="Bahasa Telugu">Telugu</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Kannada" title="Bahasa Kannada">Kannada</a>). PMMB juga menyediakan pendidikan menengah bagi 55,576 murid melakui 49 sekolah menengahnya.<a href="#cite_note-353">[353]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Perguruan_tinggi">Perguruan tinggi</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mumbai&veaction=edit&section=27" title="Sunting bagian: Perguruan tinggi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mumbai&action=edit&section=27" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Perguruan tinggi">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Di bawah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rencana_10%2B2%2B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rencana 10+2+3 (halaman belum tersedia)">rencana 10+2+3/4</a>, para murid menyelesaikan sepuluh tahun sekolah dan kemudian menjalani dua tahun di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kolese_junior&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kolese junior (halaman belum tersedia)">kolese junior</a>, dimana mereka memilih salah satu dari tiga bidang: seni, komersial, atau ilmu pengetahuan.<a href="#cite_note-354">[354]</a> Proses tersebut disusul oleh kursus peringkat umum dalam bidang pembelajaran yang dipilih, atau kursus gelar profesional, seperti hukum, teknik dan kedokteran.<a href="#cite_note-355">[355]</a> Sebagian besar kolese di kota tersebut berafiliasi dengan <a href="/wiki/Universitas_Mumbai" title="Universitas Mumbai">Universitas Mumbai</a>, salah satu universitas terbesar di dunia dalam hal jumlah lulusan.<a href="#cite_note-356">[356]</a> Universitas Mumbai adalah salah satu universitas tersohor<a href="#cite_note-intoday1-357">[357]</a> di India. Universitas tersebut meraih peringkat ke-41 dari 50 Besar Sekolah Teknik di dunia menurut firma penyiaran berita Amerika <a href="/wiki/Business_Insider" title="Business Insider">Business Insider</a> pada 2012 dan merupakan satu-satunya universitas dalam daftar tersebut dari lima negara BRICS yang meliputi <a href="/wiki/Brasil" title="Brasil">Brasil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia">Rusia</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, <a href="/wiki/China" class="mw-redirect" title="China">China</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Afrika_Selatan" title="Afrika Selatan">Afrika Selatan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Business_Insider-358">[358]</a> Selain itu, Universitas Mumbai meraih peringkat ke-5 dalam daftar Universitas terbaik di India menurut <a href="/wiki/India_Today" title="India Today">India Today</a> pada 2013<a href="#cite_note-359">[359]</a> dan meraih urutan ke-62 dalam peringkat Universitas BRICS QS pada 2013, sebuah peringkat universitas utama dalam lima negara BRICS (Brasil, Rusia, India, China dan Afrika Selatan).<a href="#cite_note-topuniversities.com-360">[360]</a> Skor-skor terkuatnya dalam QS University Rankings: BRICS adalah untuk makalah-makalah per fakultas (ke-8), reputasi karyawan (ke-20) dan kutipan per makalah (ke-28).<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-361">[361]</a> Universitas meraih peringkat ke-10 dari Universitas-Universitas teratas di India menurut QS pada 2013.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-361">[361]</a> Dengan 7 dari sepuluh Universitas India teratas adalah universitas ilmu pengetahuan murni dan teknologi, universitas tersebut merupakan Universitas <a href="/wiki/Antardisiplin" title="Antardisiplin">Multi Disipliner</a> terbaik ke-3 di India dalam peringkat Universitas QS.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-361">[361]</a> <a href="/wiki/IIT_Bombay" class="mw-redirect" title="IIT Bombay">Institut Teknologi India (Bombay)</a>,<a href="#cite_note-362">[362]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=VJTI&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="VJTI (halaman belum tersedia)">Veermata Jijabai Technological Institute</a> (VJTI),<a href="#cite_note-363">[363]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=UICT&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="UICT (halaman belum tersedia)">Institut Universitas Teknologi Kimia</a><a href="#cite_note-364">[364]</a> yang merupakan sekolah teknik dan teknologi utama di India, dan <a href="/wiki/Universitas_Wanita_SNDT" title="Universitas Wanita SNDT">Universitas Wanita SNDT</a> aadalah universitas otonomi lainnya di Mumbai.<a href="#cite_note-365">[365]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kolese_Teknik_Thadomal_Shahani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kolese Teknik Thadomal Shahani (halaman belum tersedia)">Kolese Teknik Thadomal Shahani</a> adalah kolese teknik swasta tertua dan pertama yang berafiliasi dengan <a href="/wiki/Universitas_Mumbai" title="Universitas Mumbai">Universitas Mumbai</a> federal dan juga mempelopori institut pertama di universitas kota tersebut yang menawarkan kursus tingkat pasca-kelulusan dalam bidang <a href="/wiki/Teknik_Komputer" class="mw-redirect" title="Teknik Komputer">Teknik Komputer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Teknologi_Informasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Teknologi Informasi">Teknologi Informasi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teknik_Biomedikal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teknik Biomedikal (halaman belum tersedia)">Teknik Biomedikal</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Bioteknologi" title="Bioteknologi">Bioteknologi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-366">[366]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Grant_Medical_College&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grant Medical College (halaman belum tersedia)">Grant Medical College</a> didirikan pada 1845 dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kolese_Kedokteran_Seth_G.S.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kolese Kedokteran Seth G.S. (halaman belum tersedia)">Kolese Kedokteran Seth G.S.</a> adalah lembaga kedokteran utama yang masing-masing berafiliasi dengan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Grant_Medical_College_and_Sir_Jamshedjee_Jeejeebhoy_Group_of_Hospitals&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grant Medical College and Sir Jamshedjee Jeejeebhoy Group of Hospitals (halaman belum tersedia)">Sir Jamshedjee Jeejeebhoy Group of Hospitals</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=KEM_Hospital&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KEM Hospital (halaman belum tersedia)">KEM Hospital</a>. Mumbai juga merupakan tempat dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Institut_Teknik_Industri_Nasional&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Institut Teknik Industri Nasional (halaman belum tersedia)">Institut Teknik Industri Nasional</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Institut_Pembelajaran_Manajemen_Jamnalal_Bajaj&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Institut Pembelajaran Manajemen Jamnalal Bajaj (halaman belum tersedia)">Institut Pembelajaran Manajemen Jamnalal Bajaj</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Institut_Pembelajaran_Manajemen_Narsee_Monjee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Institut Pembelajaran Manajemen Narsee Monjee (halaman belum tersedia)">Institut Pembelajaran Manajemen Narsee Monjee</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Institut_Manajemen_dan_Riset_S_P_Jain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Institut Manajemen dan Riset S P Jain (halaman belum tersedia)">Institut Manajemen dan Riset S P Jain</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Institut_Ilmu_Pengetahuan_Sosial_Tata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Institut Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial Tata (halaman belum tersedia)">Institut Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial Tata</a> dan beberapa sekolah manajemen lainnya.<a href="#cite_note-367">[367]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kolese_Hukum_Pemerintah,_Mumbai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kolese Hukum Pemerintah, Mumbai (halaman belum tersedia)">Kolese Hukum Pemerintah</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kolese_Sydenham&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kolese Sydenham (halaman belum tersedia)">Kolese Sydenham</a>, masing-masing kolese hukum dan komersial tertua di India, berbasis di Mumbai.<a href="#cite_note-368">[368]</a><a href="#cite_note-369">[369]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sekolah_Seni_Rupa_Sir_J._J.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sekolah Seni Rupa Sir J. J. (halaman belum tersedia)">Sekolah Seni Rupa Sir J. J.</a> adalah institusi seni rupa tertua di Mumbai.<a href="#cite_note-370">[370]</a> Mumbai adalah tempat dari dua lembaga penelitian berpengaruh: [[Lembaga Riset Fundamental Tata]. dan <a href="/wiki/Pusat_Penelitian_Atom_Bhabha" title="Pusat Penelitian Atom Bhabha">Pusat Penelitian Atom Bhabha</a> (PPAB).<a href="#cite_note-371">[371]</a> PPAB mengoperasikan <a href="/w/index.php?title=CIRUS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CIRUS (halaman belum tersedia)">CIRUS</a>, sebuah reaktor riset nuklir 40 MW pada fasilitas mereka di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Trombay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trombay (halaman belum tersedia)">Trombay</a>.<a href="#cite_note-372">[372]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Olahraga">Olahraga</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mumbai&veaction=edit&section=28" title="Sunting bagian: Olahraga" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mumbai&action=edit&section=28" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Olahraga">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r26810368/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:224px;max-width:224px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Brabourne.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Sebuah lapangan berumput dengan pencakar-pencakar langit di belakangnya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Brabourne.jpg/220px-Brabourne.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Brabourne.jpg/330px-Brabourne.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Brabourne.jpg/440px-Brabourne.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Stadion_Brabourne" title="Stadion Brabourne">Stadion Brabourne</a>, salah satu stadion kriket di negara tersebut</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Bombay18.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Bombay18.jpg/220px-Bombay18.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Bombay18.jpg/330px-Bombay18.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Bombay18.jpg/440px-Bombay18.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1728" data-file-height="1152" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Dibangun pada 1883, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tempat_Balap_Mahalaxmi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tempat Balap Mahalaxmi (halaman belum tersedia)">Tempat Balap Mahalaxmi</a> dibuat di sebuah lahan yang dikenal sebagai Mahalakshmi Flats.</div></div></div></div></div> <a href="/wiki/Kriket" title="Kriket">Kriket</a> lebih populer ketimbang olahraga lainnya di kota tersebut. Karena sempitnya lahan, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kriket_halaman_belakang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kriket halaman belakang (halaman belum tersedia)">berbagai versi yang dimodifikasi</a> (umumnya disebut sebagai kriket guli) dimainkan dimana saja. Mumbai juga merupakan rumah dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Badan_Kontrol_Kriket_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Badan Kontrol Kriket India (halaman belum tersedia)">Badan Kontrol Kriket India</a> (BKKI)<a href="#cite_note-373">[373]</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Liga_Primer_India" title="Liga Primer India">Liga Primer India</a> (LPI).<a href="#cite_note-374">[374]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tim_kriket_Mumbai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tim kriket Mumbai (halaman belum tersedia)">Tim kriket Mumbai</a> mewakili kota tersebut dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Trofi_Ranji&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trofi Ranji (halaman belum tersedia)">Trofi Ranji</a> dan memenangkan 40 gelar, sebagian besar oleh tim lainnya.<a href="#cite_note-375">[375]</a> Kota tersebut juga diwakili oleh <a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Indians" title="Mumbai Indians">Mumbai Indians</a> dalam <a href="/wiki/Liga_Primer_India" title="Liga Primer India">Liga Primer India</a>. Kota tersebut memiliki dua lapangan kriket internasional, <a href="/wiki/Stadion_Wankhede" title="Stadion Wankhede">Stadion Wankhede</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Stadion_Brabourne" title="Stadion Brabourne">Stadion Brabourne</a>. Pertandingan tes kriket pertama di India dimainkan di Mumbai di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bombay_Gymkhana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bombay Gymkhana (halaman belum tersedia)">Bombay Gymkhana</a>.<a href="#cite_note-376">[376]</a> Lomba kriket terbesar yang diadakan di kota sejauh ini adalah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Final_Piala_Dunia_Kriket_2011&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Final Piala Dunia Kriket 2011 (halaman belum tersedia)">final</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Piala_Dunia_Kriket_ICC_2011&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Piala Dunia Kriket ICC 2011 (halaman belum tersedia)">Piala Dunia Kriket ICC 2011</a> yang diadakan di Stadion Wankhede. Mumbai adalah satu-satunya kota selain London yang are mentuanrumahi final Piala Dunia dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Final_Frofi_Kejuaraan_ICC_2006&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Final Frofi Kejuaraan ICC 2006 (halaman belum tersedia)">final</a> dari sebuah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Trofi_Kejuaraan_ICC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trofi Kejuaraan ICC (halaman belum tersedia)">Trofi Kejuaraan ICC</a> yang diadakan di Stadion Brabourne pada <a href="/w/index.php?title=Trofi_Kejuaraan_ICC_2006&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trofi Kejuaraan ICC 2006 (halaman belum tersedia)">2006</a>.<a href="#cite_note-TSMH-377">[377]</a> <a href="/wiki/Sepak_bola" title="Sepak bola">Sepak bola</a> adalah olahraga populer lainnya di kota tersebut, dengan ketenaran <a href="/wiki/Piala_Dunia_FIFA" title="Piala Dunia FIFA">Piala Dunia FIFA</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Liga_Primer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liga Primer (halaman belum tersedia)">Liga Primer</a> Inggris.<a href="#cite_note-378">[378]</a> Dalam <a href="/wiki/Liga_Super_India" title="Liga Super India">Liga Super India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mumbai_City_FC" title="Mumbai City FC">Mumbai City FC</a> mewakili kota tersebut; sementara dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=I-League&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="I-League (halaman belum tersedia)">I-League</a> (pertandingan-pertandingan di kota tersebut diadakan di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cooperage_Ground&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cooperage Ground (halaman belum tersedia)">Cooperage Ground</a>), kota tersebut diwakili oleh dua tim: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mumbai_FC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mumbai FC (halaman belum tersedia)">Mumbai FC</a><a href="#cite_note-379">[379]</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Air_India_(klub_sepak_bola)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Air India (klub sepak bola) (halaman belum tersedia)">Air-India</a>.<a href="#cite_note-380">[380]</a> Ketika <a href="/w/index.php?title=Liga_Sepak_Bola_Elit_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liga Sepak Bola Elit India (halaman belum tersedia)">Liga Sepak Bola Elit India</a> diperkenalkan pada August 2011, Mumbai diangkat menjadi salah satu dari delapan kotta yang menganugerahkan sebuah tim untuk musim pembuka. Dinamai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mumbai_Gladiators&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mumbai Gladiators (halaman belum tersedia)">Mumbai Gladiators</a>, musim pertama tim tersebut dimainkan di <a href="/wiki/Pune" title="Pune">Pune</a> pada akhir 2012,<a href="#cite_note-381">[381]</a> dan tim tersebut akan menjadi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Waralaba_(olahraga)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Waralaba (olahraga) (halaman belum tersedia)">waralaba</a> <a href="/wiki/Sepak_bola_Amerika" title="Sepak bola Amerika">sepak bola Amerika</a> profesional pertama di Mumbai.<a href="#cite_note-382">[382]</a> Dalam olahraga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hoki_Lapangan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hoki Lapangan (halaman belum tersedia)">Hoki</a>, Mumbai adalah tuan rumah dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mumbai_Marines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mumbai Marines (halaman belum tersedia)">Mumbai Marines</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mumbai_Magicians&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mumbai Magicians (halaman belum tersedia)">Mumbai Magicians</a> masing-masing dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Series_Hockey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="World Series Hockey (halaman belum tersedia)">World Series Hockey</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hockey_India_League&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hockey India League (halaman belum tersedia)">Hockey India League</a>. Pertandingan-pertandingan di kota tersebut dimainkan di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stadion_Hoki_Mahindra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stadion Hoki Mahindra (halaman belum tersedia)">Stadion Hoki Mahindra</a>.<a href="#cite_note-marines-383">[383]</a><a href="#cite_note-magicians-384">[384]</a> <a href="/wiki/Uni_rugbi" title="Uni rugbi">Rugbi</a> adalah olahraga berkembang lainnya di Mumba dengan pertandingan-pertandingan liga diadakan di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bombay_Gymkhana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bombay Gymkhana (halaman belum tersedia)">Bombay Gymkhana</a> dari Juni sampai November.<a href="#cite_note-rugbyhost-385">[385]</a> Setiap Februari, Mumbai mengadakan balap <a href="/w/index.php?title=Derby_(kuda_balap)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Derby (kuda balap) (halaman belum tersedia)">derby</a> di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahalaxmi_Racecourse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mahalaxmi Racecourse (halaman belum tersedia)">Mahalaxmi Racecourse</a>. Derby yang diselenggarakan oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=United_Breweries_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United Breweries Group (halaman belum tersedia)">Mcdowell</a> juga diadakan pada bulan Februari di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Western_India_Turf_Club&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Royal Western India Turf Club (halaman belum tersedia)">Turf Club</a>, Mumbai.<a href="#cite_note-386">[386]</a> Pada Maret 2004, Mumbai Grand Prix menjadi bagian dari <a href="/wiki/Kejuaraan_Dunia_Perahu_Motor_Formula_1" title="Kejuaraan Dunia Perahu Motor Formula 1">kejuaraan dunia perahu motor F1</a>,<a href="#cite_note-387">[387]</a> dan mobil tim F1 <a href="/wiki/Force_India" title="Force India">Force India</a> F1 diluncurkan di kota tersebut, pada 2008.<a href="#cite_note-388">[388]</a> Kota tersebut berencana membangun tempat balap F1 mereka sendiri dan berbagai tempat di kota tersebut dikapuri, dimana otoritas berencana untuk menjadikan tanah Marve-Malad atau Panvel-Kalyan sebagai titik nol-nya. Jika disepakati, tempat balap tersebut akan disatukan dengan sebuah taman wisata dengan berada pada wilayah dengan luas sekitar 400 hingga 500 acres[<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Convert_messages#unknown_unit" title="Bantuan:Convert messages">convert: unit tak dikenal</a>].<a href="#cite_note-389">[389]</a> Pada 2004, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maraton_Mumbai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maraton Mumbai (halaman belum tersedia)">Maraton Mumbai</a> tahunan didirikan sebagai bagian dari "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Balap_Terbesar_di_Dunia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Balap Terbesar di Dunia (halaman belum tersedia)">Balap Terbesar di Dunia</a>". 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Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://maharashtratimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/msid-6709481,prtpage-1.cms">versi asli</a> tanggal 2015-06-17. Diakses tanggal 16 Juni 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Maharashtra+Times&rft.atitle=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%88%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%82+%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8&rft.date=2010-10-08&rft.au=Mukund+Kule&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmaharashtratimes.indiatimes.com%2Farticleshow%2Fmsid-6709481%2Cprtpage-1.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Bapat, Jyotsna (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/developmentproje00bapa">Development projects and critical theory of environment</a>. SAGE. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/developmentproje00bapa/page/n6">6</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-7619-3357-1" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-7619-3357-1">978-0-7619-3357-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Development+projects+and+critical+theory+of+environment&rft.pages=6&rft.pub=SAGE&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-7619-3357-1&rft.aulast=Bapat&rft.aufirst=Jyotsna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdevelopmentproje00bapa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPatelMasselos2003">Patel & Masselos 2003</a>, hlm. 4 </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMehta2004">Mehta 2004</a>, hlm. 130 </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFShirodkar1998">Shirodkar 1998</a>, hlm. 3 </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFShirodkar1998">Shirodkar 1998</a>, hlm. 4–5 </li> <li id="cite_note-et6yh-34"><a href="#cite_ref-et6yh_34-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFYuleBurnell1996">Yule & Burnell 1996</a>, hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=20pdFRekGvMC&pg=PA102">102</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shirodkar_1998_7-35"><a href="#cite_ref-Shirodkar_1998_7_35-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFShirodkar1998">Shirodkar 1998</a>, hlm. 7 </li> <li id="cite_note-ety-36">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ety_36-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ety_36-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFYuleBurnell1996">Yule & Burnell 1996</a>, hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=20pdFRekGvMC&pg=PA103">103</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFShirodkar1998">Shirodkar 1998</a>, hlm. 2 </li> <li id="cite_note-etyh-38"><a href="#cite_ref-etyh_38-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFYuleBurnell1996">Yule & Burnell 1996</a>, hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=20pdFRekGvMC&pg=PA104">104</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Keay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Keay (halaman belum tersedia)">Keay, John</a> (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3aeQqmcXBhoC">India, a History</a>. New York, United States: Harper Collins Publishers. hlm. 348. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-00-638784-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-00-638784-5">0-00-638784-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=India%2C+a+History&rft.place=New+York%2C+United+States&rft.pages=348&rft.pub=Harper+Collins+Publishers&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-00-638784-5&rft.aulast=Keay&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3aeQqmcXBhoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <a href="#bom">Greater Bombay District Gazetteer 1960</a>, hlm. 6 </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Christopher Beam (1 Desember 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/recycled/2008/12/why_did_bombay_become_mumbai.html">"Why Did Bombay Become Mumbai? How the city got renamed"</a>. www.slate.com. Diakses tanggal 16 Juni 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.slate.com&rft.atitle=Why+Did+Bombay+Become+Mumbai%3F+How+the+city+got+renamed.&rft.date=2008-12-01&rft.au=Christopher+Beam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.slate.com%2Farticles%2Fnews_and_politics%2Frecycled%2F2008%2F12%2Fwhy_did_bombay_become_mumbai.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHansen2001">Hansen 2001</a>, hlm. 1 </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Nitin Chavan (18 Desember 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924002023/http://www.esakal.com/esakal/20091218/4692758299134963929.htm">"शिवसेना आमदाराची नामांतर एक्स्प्रेस"</a> [Shivsēnā Âmadārācī Nāmāntar Express]. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sakal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sakal (halaman belum tersedia)">Sakal</a> (dalam bahasa Marathi). Mumbai, <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.esakal.com/esakal/20091218/4692758299134963929.htm">versi asli</a> tanggal 2015-09-24. Diakses tanggal 16 Juni 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sakal&rft.atitle=%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0+%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8&rft.date=2009-12-18&rft.au=Nitin+Chavan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.esakal.com%2Fesakal%2F20091218%2F4692758299134963929.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Beam, Christopher (1 Desember 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/recycled/2008/12/why_did_bombay_become_mumbai.html">"Why did Bombay become Mumbai?"</a>. Slate.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Slate&rft.atitle=Why+did+Bombay+become+Mumbai%3F&rft.date=2008-12-01&rft.aulast=Beam&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.slate.com%2Farticles%2Fnews_and_politics%2Frecycled%2F2008%2F12%2Fwhy_did_bombay_become_mumbai.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Beam, Christopher (12 Mei 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/explainer/2006/07/mumbai_what_about_bombay.html">"Mumbai? What about Bombay?"</a>. Slate.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Slate&rft.atitle=Mumbai%3F+What+about+Bombay%3F&rft.date=2006-05-12&rft.aulast=Beam&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.slate.com%2Farticles%2Fnews_and_politics%2Fexplainer%2F2006%2F07%2Fmumbai_what_about_bombay.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-24change-46"><a href="#cite_ref-24change_46-0">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Kumar, Ruchi (28 Oktober 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-from-bombay-to-mumbai-24-ways-the-city-has-changed-1909096">"From Bombay to Mumbai: 24 ways the city has changed"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Daily_News_and_Analysis" title="Daily News and Analysis">Daily News and Analysis</a>. Mumbai. Diakses tanggal 31 Mei 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+News+and+Analysis&rft.atitle=From+Bombay+to+Mumbai%3A+24+ways+the+city+has+changed&rft.date=2013-10-28&rft.aulast=Kumar&rft.aufirst=Ruchi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dnaindia.com%2Fmumbai%2Freport-from-bombay-to-mumbai-24-ways-the-city-has-changed-1909096&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-mummaharashtra1-47"><a href="#cite_ref-mummaharashtra1_47-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091119201349/http://www.fodors.com/world/asia/india/mumbai-bombay-and-maharashtra/more.html">"Mumbai (Bombay) and Maharashtra"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fodor%27s&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fodor's (halaman belum tersedia)">Fodor's</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fodors.com/world/asia/india/mumbai-bombay-and-maharashtra/more.html">versi asli</a> tanggal 19 November 2009. Diakses tanggal 24 Agustus 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mumbai+%28Bombay%29+and+Maharashtra&rft.pub=Fodor%27s&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fodors.com%2Fworld%2Fasia%2Findia%2Fmumbai-bombay-and-maharashtra%2Fmore.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/mumbai-vs-bombay/527660/0">"Mumbai vs Bombay"</a>. Indian Express. 11 Oktober 2009. Diakses tanggal 15 September 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mumbai+vs+Bombay&rft.pub=Indian+Express&rft.date=2009-10-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.indianexpress.com%2Fnews%2Fmumbai-vs-bombay%2F527660%2F0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/Fruit+And+Nut:+Another+'Bombay'+controversy+brewing/1/65447.html">"Fruit And Nut: Another 'Bombay' controversy brewing?"</a>. Indiatoday.intoday.in. Diakses tanggal 15 Agustus 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fruit+And+Nut%3A+Another+%27Bombay%27+controversy+brewing%3F&rft.pub=Indiatoday.intoday.in&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Findiatoday.intoday.in%2Fstory%2FFruit%2BAnd%2BNut%3A%2BAnother%2B%27Bombay%27%2Bcontroversy%2Bbrewing%2F1%2F65447.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFHansen2001" class="citation book">Hansen, Thomas Blom (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=-y3iNt0djbQC&printsec=frontcover">Wages of violence: naming and identity in postcolonial Bombay</a>. Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9780691088402" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/9780691088402">9780691088402</a>. Diakses tanggal 16 Agustus 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wages+of+violence%3A+naming+and+identity+in+postcolonial+Bombay&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=9780691088402&rft.aulast=Hansen&rft.aufirst=Thomas+Blom&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3D-y3iNt0djbQC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFarooqui2006">Farooqui 2006</a>, hlm. 1 </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGhosh1990">Ghosh 1990</a>, hlm. 25 </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <a href="#bom">Greater Bombay District Gazetteer 1960</a>, hlm. 5 </li> <li id="cite_note-city-profile-54"><a href="#cite_ref-city-profile_54-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150721202935/http://dm.mcgm.gov.in:9080/gmdma/wp-content/uploads/2015/pdf/city_profile.pdf">"2. Mumbai City Profile"</a> (PDF). GMDMA Greater Mumbai Disaster Management Authority. Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai. hlm. 7. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dm.mcgm.gov.in:9080/gmdma/wp-content/uploads/2015/pdf/city_profile.pdf">versi asli</a> (PDF) tanggal 2015-07-21. 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Diakses tanggal 19 November 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time+out+%28Mumbai%29&rft.atitle=Rat+Trap&rft.issue=6&rft.date=2008-11-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timeoutmumbai.net%2Faroundtown%2Faroundtown_preview_details.asp%3Fcode%3D45&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDwivediMehrotra2001">Dwivedi & Mehrotra 2001</a>, hlm. 345 </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDwivediMehrotra2001">Dwivedi & Mehrotra 2001</a>, hlm. 293 </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <a href="#cent">Census of India 1961</a>, hlm. 23 </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mumbaisuburban.gov.in/html/administrative_setup.htm">"Administration"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Distrik_Subperkotaan_Mumbai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Distrik Subperkotaan Mumbai (halaman belum tersedia)">Distrik Subperkotaan Mumbai</a>. 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Diakses tanggal 12 November 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=The+battle+for+Bombay&rft.date=2003-04-13&rft.aulast=Guha&rft.aufirst=Ramachandra&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hinduonnet.com%2Fthehindu%2Fmag%2F2003%2F04%2F13%2Fstories%2F2003041300240300.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGuha2007">Guha 2007</a>, hlm. 197–8 </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/sons-of-soil-born-reborn/269628/">"Sons of soil: born, reborn"</a>. The Indian Express. 6 Februari 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Indian+Express&rft.atitle=Sons+of+soil%3A+born%2C+reborn&rft.date=2008-02-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.indianexpress.com%2Fnews%2Fsons-of-soil-born-reborn%2F269628%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988">  Diakses pada 12 November 2008. </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080115083238/http://india.gov.in/knowindia/st_gujurat.php">"Gujarat"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Pemerintah_India" title="Pemerintah India">Pemerintah India</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://india.gov.in/knowindia/st_gujurat.php">versi asli</a> tanggal 15 Januari 2008. Diakses tanggal 16 Januari 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gujarat&rft.pub=Pemerintah+India&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Findia.gov.in%2Fknowindia%2Fst_gujurat.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080105100324/http://india.gov.in/knowindia/st_maharashtra.php">"Maharashtra"</a>. Pemerintah India. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://india.gov.in/knowindia/st_maharashtra.php">versi asli</a> tanggal 5 Januari 2008. Diakses tanggal 16 Januari 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Maharashtra&rft.pub=Pemerintah+India&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Findia.gov.in%2Fknowindia%2Fst_maharashtra.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Desai, Geeta (13 Mei 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110816124148/http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Repository/ml.asp?Ref=TU1JUi8yMDA4LzA1LzEzI0FyMDA1MDA=&Mode=HTML&Locale=english-skin-custom">"BMC will give jobs to kin of Samyukta Maharashtra martyrs"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Mirror" title="Mumbai Mirror">Mumbai Mirror</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Repository/ml.asp?Ref=TU1JUi8yMDA4LzA1LzEzI0FyMDA1MDA=&Mode=HTML&Locale=english-skin-custom">versi asli</a> tanggal 2011-08-16. Diakses tanggal 16 November 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=BMC+will+give+jobs+to+kin+of+Samyukta+Maharashtra+martyrs&rft.date=2008-05-13&rft.aulast=Desai&rft.aufirst=Geeta&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fepaper.timesofindia.com%2FRepository%2Fml.asp%3FRef%3DTU1JUi8yMDA4LzA1LzEzI0FyMDA1MDA%3D%26Mode%3DHTML%26Locale%3Denglish-skin-custom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDwivediMehrotra2001">Dwivedi & Mehrotra 2001</a>, hlm. 306 </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090307224202/http://www.mmrdamumbai.org/index.htm">"About Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority (MMRDA)"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Otoritas_Pengembangan_Kawasan_Metropolitan_Mumbai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Otoritas Pengembangan Kawasan Metropolitan Mumbai (halaman belum tersedia)">Otoritas Pengembangan Kawasan Metropolitan Mumbai</a>. 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Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.maharashtra.nic.in/htmldocs/Activity/mumbai_sub.pdf">versi asli</a> (PDF) tanggal 2012-05-13. Diakses tanggal 2016-07-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mumbai+Suburban&rft.pub=Pusat+Informatika+Nasional+%28Pusat+Negara+Bagian+Mahrashtra%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.maharashtra.nic.in%2Fhtmldocs%2FActivity%2Fmumbai_sub.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://urbanindia.nic.in/moud/theministry/subordinateoff/tcpo/AREA_POP/CHAPTER-4.PDF">"Area and Density – Metropolitan Cities"</a> (PDF). Kementerian Pengembangan Perkotaan (<a href="/wiki/Pemerintah_India" title="Pemerintah India">Pemerintah India</a>). hlm. 33. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/5gOCPonTE?url=http://urbanindia.nic.in/moud/theministry/subordinateoff/tcpo/AREA_POP/CHAPTER-4.PDF">Diarsipkan</a> (PDF) dari versi asli tanggal 2009-04-29. Diakses tanggal 28 April 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Area+and+Density+%E2%80%93+Metropolitan+Cities&rft.pages=33&rft.pub=Kementerian+Pengembangan+Perkotaan+%28Pemerintah+India%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Furbanindia.nic.in%2Fmoud%2Ftheministry%2Fsubordinateoff%2Ftcpo%2FAREA_POP%2FCHAPTER-4.PDF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-trf-132">^ <a href="#cite_ref-trf_132-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-trf_132-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-trf_132-2">c</a> <a href="#plan">Mumbai Plan</a>, 1.2 Area and Divisions </li> <li id="cite_note-geo-133"><a href="#cite_ref-geo_133-0">^</a> <a href="#bom">Greater Bombay District Gazetteer 1960</a>, hlm. 2 </li> <li id="cite_note-mloc-134">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mloc_134-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mloc_134-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mloc_134-2">c</a> <a href="#plan">Mumbai Plan</a>, 1.1 Location </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKrishnamoorthy2008">Krishnamoorthy 2008</a>, hlm. 218 </li> <li id="cite_note-Wbase-136"><a href="#cite_ref-Wbase_136-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=030034&refer=">"Mumbai, India"</a>. Weatherbase. Diakses tanggal 19 Maret 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mumbai%2C+India&rft.pub=Weatherbase&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.weatherbase.com%2Fweather%2Fweather.php3%3Fs%3D030034%26refer%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> <a href="#plan">Mumbai Plan</a>, 1.3.2.2 Salsette Island </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Srinivasu, T.; Pardeshi, Satish. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090717023146/http://iscmumbai.maharashtra.gov.in/floristic%20survey.html">"Floristic Survey of Institute of Science, Mumbai, Maharashtra State"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemerintah_Maharashtra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pemerintah Maharashtra (halaman belum tersedia)">Pemerintah Maharashtra</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://iscmumbai.maharashtra.gov.in/floristic%20survey.html">versi asli</a> tanggal 2009-07-17. Diakses tanggal 26 August 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Floristic+Survey+of+Institute+of+Science%2C+Mumbai%2C+Maharashtra+State&rft.pub=Pemerintah+Maharashtra&rft.aulast=Srinivasu&rft.aufirst=T.&rft.au=Pardeshi%2C+Satish&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fiscmumbai.maharashtra.gov.in%2Ffloristic%2520survey.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBapat2005">Bapat 2005</a>, hlm. 111–112 </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110715195652/https://envis.maharashtra.gov.in/envis_data/pps/pawai2.ppt">"Salient Features of Powai Lake"</a>. 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Diakses tanggal 29 April 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Salient+Features+of+Powai+Lake&rft.pages=1-3&rft.pub=Departemen+Lingkungan+Hidup+%28Pemerintah+Maharashtra%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenvis.maharashtra.gov.in%2Fenvis_data%2Fpps%2Fpawai2.ppt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> <a href="#plan">Mumbai Plan</a>, 1.7 Water Supply and Sanitation </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Sen, Somit (13 Desember 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Security-web-for-city-coastline/articleshow/3830390.cms?referral=PM">"Security web for city coastline"</a>. The Times of India. 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(10 December 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scribd.com/doc/10026629/Earthquake-Hazard-Computation-for-Mumbai-Bombay-City">"Seismic Hazard estimation for Mumbai City"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Current_Science&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Current Science (halaman belum tersedia)">Current Science</a>. Current Science Association. 91 (11): 1486. 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Diakses tanggal 26 April 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Mumbai+still+cold+at+8.6+%C2%B0C&rft.date=2008-02-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fmumbai%2FMumbai-still-cold-at-86-degree-C%2Farticleshow%2F2770007.cms%3Freferral%3DPM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-IMD-156"><a href="#cite_ref-IMD_156-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imd.gov.in/section/climate/extreme/mumbai2.htm">"Mumbai Climatological Table, Period: 1961–1990"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Departemen_Meteorologi_India" title="Departemen Meteorologi India">Departemen Meteorologi India</a>. 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Diakses tanggal 5 September 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=GDP+growth%3A+Surat+fastest%2C+Mumbai+largest&rft.date=2008-01-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.financialexpress.com%2Fnews%2Fgdp-growth-surat-fastest-mumbai-largest%2F266636%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSwaminathanGoyal2006">Swaminathan & Goyal 2006</a>, hlm. 51 </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKelsey2008">Kelsey 2008</a>, hlm. 208 </li> <li id="cite_note-ecoprofile-161">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ecoprofile_161-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ecoprofile_161-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ecoprofile_161-2">c</a> <cite class="citation web"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perusahaan_Munisipal_Brihanmumbai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perusahaan Munisipal Brihanmumbai (halaman belum tersedia)">Perusahaan Munisipal Brihanmumbai</a> (BMC). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131125052153/http://www.mcgm.gov.in/irj/go/km/docs/documents/MCGM%20Department%20List/City%20Engineer/Deputy%20City%20Engineer%20(Planning%20and%20Design)/City%20Development%20Plan/Economic%20profile.pdf">"City Development Plan (Economic Profile)"</a> (PDF). Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mcgm.gov.in/irj/go/km/docs/documents/MCGM%20Department%20List/City%20Engineer/Deputy%20City%20Engineer%20(Planning%20and%20Design)/City%20Development%20Plan/Economic%20profile.pdf">versi asli</a> (PDF) tanggal 2013-11-25. Diakses tanggal 25 Agustus 2013. <q>Mumbai, at present, is in reverse gear, as regards the economic growth and quality of life.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=City+Development+Plan+%28Economic+Profile%29&rft.au=Perusahaan+Munisipal+Brihanmumbai+%28BMC%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mcgm.gov.in%2Firj%2Fgo%2Fkm%2Fdocs%2Fdocuments%2FMCGM%2520Department%2520List%2FCity%2520Engineer%2FDeputy%2520City%2520Engineer%2520%28Planning%2520and%2520Design%29%2FCity%2520Development%2520Plan%2FEconomic%2520profile.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160801161714/http://www.defencenews.in/article/India-adds-one-Pakistan-to-its-GDP-Year-On-Year--305">"Defence News, India adds one Pakistan to its GDP Year-On-Year"</a>. 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Diakses tanggal 15 October 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mumbai%2C+the+Financial+Capital+of+India&rft.pub=ftkmc.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ftkmc.com%2Fnewsletter%2FVol2-6-april25-2011.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Mumbai-beats-Delhi-in-per-capita-income/articleshow/7767857.cms?referral=PM">"Mumbai beats Delhi in per capita income"</a>. The Times of India. 23 March 2011. 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Diakses tanggal 8 July 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Mumbai+sixth+among+top+10+global+cities+on+billionaire+count&rft.date=2013-05-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fmumbai%2FMumbai-sixth-among-top-10-global-cities-on-billionaire-count%2Farticleshow%2F19978005.cms%3Freferral%3DPM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated1-172"><a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_172-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mastercard.com/us/company/en/insights/pdfs/2008/MCWW_WCoC-Report_2008.pdf">"Worldwide Centres of Commerce Index 2008"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/MasterCard" class="mw-redirect" title="MasterCard">MasterCard</a>. hlm. 21. 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Diakses tanggal 28 April 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=Cities+Of+The+Billionaires&rft.date=2008-04-30&rft.aulast=Vorasarun&rft.aufirst=Chaniga&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2F2008%2F04%2F30%2Fbillionaires-london-moscow-biz-billies-cz_cv_0430billiecities.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2008t.html">"The World According to GaWC 2008"</a>. Globalization and World Cities Study Group and Network (GaWC). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Loughborough_University&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Loughborough University (halaman belum tersedia)">Loughborough University</a>. 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Diakses tanggal 7 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=http%3A%2F%2Fjanaagraha.org%2Fasics%2F&rft.atitle=Annual+Survey+of+India%27s+City-Systems&rft.aulast=Nair&rft.aufirst=Ajesh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjanaagraha.org%2Fasics%2Fimages%2FAnnual-Survey-of-Indias-City-Systems-2014.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988">  Hapus pranala luar di parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|website=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#param_has_ext_link" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-183"><a href="#cite_ref-183">^</a> <a href="#mp">Office of the Commissioner of Police, Mumbai</a>, hlm. 2 </li> <li id="cite_note-184"><a href="#cite_ref-184">^</a> <a href="#mp">Office of the Commissioner of Police, Mumbai</a>, hlm. 7–8 </li> <li id="cite_note-185"><a href="#cite_ref-185">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bombayhighcourt.nic.in/">"About Bombay High Court"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bombay_High_Court&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bombay High Court (halaman belum tersedia)">Bombay High Court</a>. Diakses tanggal 27 January 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+Bombay+High+Court&rft.pub=Bombay+High+Court&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbombayhighcourt.nic.in%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-186"><a href="#cite_ref-186">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFullerBénéï2001">Fuller & Bénéï 2001</a>, hlm. 47 </li> <li id="cite_note-187"><a href="#cite_ref-187">^</a> <a href="#cng">100 glorious years: Indian National Congress, 1885–1985</a>, p. 4, "The centenary of the Indian National Congress, which is being celebrated at its birthplace Bombay, is a unique event." </li> <li id="cite_note-188"><a href="#cite_ref-188">^</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/article3040262.ece">"Congress foundation day celebrated"</a>. The Hindu. Chennai, India. 29 December 2006. Diakses tanggal 12 November 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Congress+foundation+day+celebrated&rft.date=2006-12-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Ftodays-paper%2Ftp-national%2Farticle3040262.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-189"><a href="#cite_ref-189">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDavid1995">David 1995</a>, hlm. 215 </li> <li id="cite_note-190"><a href="#cite_ref-190">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Gogate, Sudha (31 Juli 2014). "History of the Shiv Sena". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/books/books-reviews/shiv-senas-prehistory/article6370416.ece">The Emergence Of Regionalism In Mumbai</a>. Mumbai: Popular Prakashan Pvt. Ltd. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-8179918234" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-8179918234">978-8179918234</a>. Diakses tanggal 22 Juni 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=History+of+the+Shiv+Sena&rft.btitle=The+Emergence+Of+Regionalism+In+Mumbai&rft.place=Mumbai&rft.pub=Popular+Prakashan+Pvt.+Ltd&rft.date=2014-07-31&rft.isbn=978-8179918234&rft.aulast=Gogate&rft.aufirst=Sudha&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fbooks%2Fbooks-reviews%2Fshiv-senas-prehistory%2Farticle6370416.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-191"><a href="#cite_ref-191">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-bal-thackeray-turned-to-hindutva-in-1985-to-win-elections-ex-shiv-sena-mp-2000407">"Bal Thackeray turned to Hindutva in 1985 to win elections: ex-Shiv Sena MP"</a>. dna.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=dna&rft.atitle=Bal+Thackeray+turned+to+Hindutva+in+1985+to+win+elections%3A+ex-Shiv+Sena+MP&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dnaindia.com%2Findia%2Freport-bal-thackeray-turned-to-hindutva-in-1985-to-win-elections-ex-shiv-sena-mp-2000407&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-192"><a href="#cite_ref-192">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPhadnis">Phadnis</a>, hlm. 86–87 </li> <li id="cite_note-193"><a href="#cite_ref-193">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRana2006">Rana 2006</a>, hlm. 315–316 </li> <li id="cite_note-194"><a href="#cite_ref-194">^</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.outlookindia.com/news/article/Stage-Set-for-Third-Phase-Polls-in-Maharashtra/659150">"Stage Set for Third Phase Polls in Maharashtra"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Outlook_(majalah)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Outlook (majalah) (halaman belum tersedia)">Outlook</a>. 29 April 2009. Diakses tanggal 6 Juli 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Outlook&rft.atitle=Stage+Set+for+Third+Phase+Polls+in+Maharashtra&rft.date=2009-04-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.outlookindia.com%2Fnews%2Farticle%2FStage-Set-for-Third-Phase-Polls-in-Maharashtra%2F659150&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-195"><a href="#cite_ref-195">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/miscellaneous_statistics/ListofPC.pdf">"List Of Parliamentary Constituencies"</a> (PDF). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Election_Commission_of_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Election Commission of India (halaman belum tersedia)">Election Commission of India</a>. hlm. 7. Diakses tanggal 4 September 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=List+Of+Parliamentary+Constituencies&rft.pages=7&rft.pub=Election+Commission+of+India&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feci.nic.in%2Feci_main%2Fmiscellaneous_statistics%2FListofPC.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-196"><a href="#cite_ref-196">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eci.nic.in/eci_main1/current/ListofElectedMembers_%20fromE-gazette.pdf">"List of Members Elected General Election of the 16th Lok Sabha, 2014"</a> (PDF).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=List+of+Members+Elected+General+Election+of+the+16th+Lok+Sabha%2C+2014&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feci.nic.in%2Feci_main1%2Fcurrent%2FListofElectedMembers_%2520fromE-gazette.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-197"><a href="#cite_ref-197">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090225084439/http://ceo.maharashtra.gov.in/acs.php">"List of ACs and PCs"</a>. Chief Electoral Officer (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Government_of_Maharashtra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Government of Maharashtra (halaman belum tersedia)">Government of Maharashtra</a>). Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ceo.maharashtra.gov.in/acs.php">versi asli</a> tanggal 2009-02-25. Diakses tanggal 4 September 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=List+of+ACs+and+PCs&rft.pub=Chief+Electoral+Officer+%28Government+of+Maharashtra%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fceo.maharashtra.gov.in%2Facs.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-198"><a href="#cite_ref-198">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091122084331/http://220.225.73.214/pdff/results.pdf">"Maharashtra Assembly Election 2009"</a> (PDF). Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://220.225.73.214/pdff/results.pdf">versi asli</a> (PDF) tanggal 2009-11-22. Diakses tanggal 18 March 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Maharashtra+Assembly+Election+2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2F220.225.73.214%2Fpdff%2Fresults.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-senaMumbaibelongs-199"><a href="#cite_ref-senaMumbaibelongs_199-0">^</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/sena-says-mumbai-was-and-will-continue-to-belong-to-them-in-saamana-editorial/">"Sena says Mumbai was and will continue to belong to them in Saamana editorial"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Press_Trust_of_India" title="Press Trust of India">Press Trust of India</a>. Mumbai: <a href="/wiki/The_Indian_Express" title="The Indian Express">The Indian Express</a>. 20 March 2015. Diakses tanggal 23 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Press+Trust+of+India&rft.atitle=Sena+says+Mumbai+was+and+will+continue+to+belong+to+them+in+Saamana+editorial&rft.date=2015-03-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Findianexpress.com%2Farticle%2Fcities%2Fmumbai%2Fsena-says-mumbai-was-and-will-continue-to-belong-to-them-in-saamana-editorial%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-UnderstandingMaha-200"><a href="#cite_ref-UnderstandingMaha_200-0">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Chondorkar, Aashish (22 October 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://swarajyamag.com/editors-pick/understand-maharashtra-election-results-5-trends-7-charts/">"Understand Maharashtra Election Results – 5 Trends & 7 Charts"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Swarajya_(majalah)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Swarajya (majalah) (halaman belum tersedia)">Swarajya</a>. Diakses tanggal 23 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Swarajya&rft.atitle=Understand+Maharashtra+Election+Results+%E2%80%93+5+Trends+%26+7+Charts&rft.date=2014-10-22&rft.aulast=Chondorkar&rft.aufirst=Aashish&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fswarajyamag.com%2Feditors-pick%2Funderstand-maharashtra-election-results-5-trends-7-charts%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-201"><a href="#cite_ref-201">^</a> <a href="#mumact">The Mumbai Municipal Corporation Act, 1888</a>, hlm. 6 </li> <li id="cite_note-202"><a href="#cite_ref-202">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090501232803/http://www.mcgm.gov.in/irj/portal/anonymous/qlcorporation">"Corporation"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perusahaan_Munisipal_Brihanmumbai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perusahaan Munisipal Brihanmumbai (halaman belum tersedia)">Perusahaan Munisipal Brihanmumbai</a> (PMB). Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mcgm.gov.in/irj/portal/anonymous/qlcorporation">versi asli</a> tanggal 2009-05-01. Diakses tanggal 15 June 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Corporation&rft.pub=Perusahaan+Munisipal+Brihanmumbai+%28PMB%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mcgm.gov.in%2Firj%2Fportal%2Fanonymous%2Fqlcorporation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-203"><a href="#cite_ref-203">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080314202555/http://www.mcgm.gov.in/irj/portal/anonymous/qlmayoffice">"Mayor – the First Citizen of Mumbai"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perusahaan_Munisipal_Brihanmumbai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perusahaan Munisipal Brihanmumbai (halaman belum tersedia)">Perusahaan Munisipal Brihanmumbai</a> (PMB). Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mcgm.gov.in/irj/portal/anonymous/qlmayoffice">versi asli</a> tanggal 14 Maret 2008. Diakses tanggal 12 Mei 2009. <q>As the presiding authority at the Corporation Meetings, his/her role is confined to the four corners of the Corporation Hall. The decorative role, however, extends far beyond the city and the country to other parts of world</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mayor+%E2%80%93+the+First+Citizen+of+Mumbai&rft.pub=Perusahaan+Munisipal+Brihanmumbai+%28PMB%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mcgm.gov.in%2Firj%2Fportal%2Fanonymous%2Fqlmayoffice&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-204"><a href="#cite_ref-204">^</a> <a href="#mumact">The Mumbai Municipal Corporation Act, 1888</a>, hlm. 3 </li> <li id="cite_note-civic20102-205"><a href="#cite_ref-civic20102_205-0">^</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-bmc-results-saffron-alliance-wins-bmc-with-75-seats-1651270">"BMC results: Saffron alliance wins BMC with 75 seats"</a>. <a href="/wiki/DNA_(surat_kabar)" class="mw-redirect" title="DNA (surat kabar)">Daily News and Analysis</a>. Mumbai. 17 February 2012. Diakses tanggal 3 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+News+and+Analysis&rft.atitle=BMC+results%3A+Saffron+alliance+wins+BMC+with+75+seats&rft.date=2012-02-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dnaindia.com%2Fmumbai%2Freport-bmc-results-saffron-alliance-wins-bmc-with-75-seats-1651270&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-206"><a href="#cite_ref-206">^</a> <a href="#mumact">The Mumbai Municipal Corporation Act, 1888</a>, hlm. 27 </li> <li id="cite_note-207"><a href="#cite_ref-207">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130518081740/http://www.aai.aero/traffic_news/mar2k12annex3.pdf">"Traffic statistics"</a> (PDF). Airports Authority of India. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aai.aero/traffic_news/mar2k12annex3.pdf">versi asli</a> (PDF) tanggal 2013-05-18. Diakses tanggal 3 January 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Airports+Authority+of+India&rft.atitle=Traffic+statistics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aai.aero%2Ftraffic_news%2Fmar2k12annex3.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-bus44-208">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bus44_208-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bus44_208-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bus44_208-2">c</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mmrdamumbai.org/docs/BRTS%20Note%20for%20web%20Page.doc">"Development of Bus Rapid Transit System (BRTS) in Mumbai"</a> (DOC). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Otoritas_Pengembangan_Wilayah_Metropolitan_Mumbai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Otoritas Pengembangan Wilayah Metropolitan Mumbai (halaman belum tersedia)">Otoritas Pengembangan Wilayah Metropolitan Mumbai</a> (OPWMM). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/5p2Ulomaf?url=http://www.mmrdamumbai.org/docs/BRTS%20Note%20for%20web%20Page.doc">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2010-04-16. Diakses tanggal 28 August 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Development+of+Bus+Rapid+Transit+System+%28BRTS%29+in+Mumbai&rft.pub=Otoritas+Pengembangan+Wilayah+Metropolitan+Mumbai+%28OPWMM%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mmrdamumbai.org%2Fdocs%2FBRTS%2520Note%2520for%2520web%2520Page.doc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-autaxi-209">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autaxi_209-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-autaxi_209-1">b</a> <cite class="citation news">Ghose, Anindita (24 August 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dnaindia.com/speakup/report_what-s-mumbai-without-the-black-beetles_422">"What's Mumbai without the black beetles?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/DNA_(surat_kabar)" class="mw-redirect" title="DNA (surat kabar)">Daily News and Analysis</a> (DNA). Diakses tanggal 29 August 2009. <q>In Mumbai autos run only in the suburbs up to Mahm creek. This is probably the perfect arrangement because it is not economically viable for autos and taxis to solicit the same passengers. So autos monopolise the suburbs while taxis rule South Mumbai.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=What%27s+Mumbai+without+the+black+beetles%3F&rft.date=2005-08-24&rft.aulast=Ghose&rft.aufirst=Anindita&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dnaindia.com%2Fspeakup%2Freport_what-s-mumbai-without-the-black-beetles_422&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-210"><a href="#cite_ref-210">^</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Taxi-auto-fares-may-dip-due-to-CNG-usage/articleshow/631726.cms?referral=PM">"Taxi, auto fares may dip due to CNG usage"</a>. The Times of India. 22 April 2004. 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Diakses tanggal 12 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DETAILS+OF+SERVICE+AREA&rft.pub=Department+of+Telecommunications%2C+Government+of+India&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dot.gov.in%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Flist%2520of%2520unifiedaccess%2520licensees_0.doc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-280"><a href="#cite_ref-280">^</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-11-04/news/55757553_1_internet-and-mobile-association-iamai-user-base">"Internet surfers: Mumbai scores, Bangalore falls"</a>. economictimes.indiatimes.com. 7 November 2014. Diakses tanggal 7 November 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Internet+surfers%3A+Mumbai+scores%2C+Bangalore+falls&rft.date=2014-11-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.economictimes.indiatimes.com%2F2014-11-04%2Fnews%2F55757553_1_internet-and-mobile-association-iamai-user-base&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-281"><a href="#cite_ref-281">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rediff.com/business/slide-show/slide-show-1-indias-impressive-railway-stations/20111013.htm">"India's impressive railway stations"</a>. Rediff.com. 13 Oktober 2011. Diakses tanggal 6 Mei 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=India%27s+impressive+railway+stations&rft.pub=Rediff.com&rft.date=2011-10-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rediff.com%2Fbusiness%2Fslide-show%2Fslide-show-1-indias-impressive-railway-stations%2F20111013.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-282"><a href="#cite_ref-282">^</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20150103114347/http://www.thehindu.com/mag/2004/07/25/stories/2004072500330200.htm">"Rainswept glory"</a>. The Hindu. Chennai, India. 24 Juli 2004. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/mag/2004/07/25/stories/2004072500330200.htm">versi asli</a> tanggal 2015-01-03. Diakses tanggal 7 Juli 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Rainswept+glory&rft.date=2004-07-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fmag%2F2004%2F07%2F25%2Fstories%2F2004072500330200.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Profile-283"><a href="#cite_ref-Profile_283-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMorrisWinchester2005">Morris & Winchester 2005</a>, hlm. 212 </li> <li id="cite_note-284"><a href="#cite_ref-284">^</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070306090243/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/002200703041014.htm">"Mumbai's entrance -the 'Gateway' to be more tourist-friendly"</a>. The Hindu. Chennai, India. 4 Maret 2007. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/002200703041014.htm">versi asli</a> tanggal 6 Maret 2007. Diakses tanggal 7 Juli 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Mumbai%27s+entrance+-the+%27Gateway%27+to+be+more+tourist-friendly&rft.date=2007-03-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindu.com%2Fthehindu%2Fholnus%2F002200703041014.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-285"><a href="#cite_ref-285">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/in">"India: World heritage sites centre"</a>. <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a>. Diakses tanggal 9 August 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=India%3A+World+heritage+sites+centre&rft.pub=UNESCO&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Fstatesparties%2Fin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-economist-286">^ <a href="#cite_ref-economist_286-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-economist_286-1">b</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.economist.com/node/21556584">"Is the world's weirdest property market strangling the city that hosts it?"</a>. The Economist. 9 June 2012. Diakses tanggal 6 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=Is+the+world%27s+weirdest+property+market+strangling+the+city+that+hosts+it%3F&rft.date=2012-06-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fnode%2F21556584&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-287"><a href="#cite_ref-287">^</a> <a href="#pemmr">Population and Employment profile of Mumbai Metropolitan Region</a>, hlm. 6 </li> <li id="cite_note-mmmumbaiproperty-288"><a href="#cite_ref-mmmumbaiproperty_288-0">^</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.economist.com/node/21556584">"The minimum city"</a>. economist.com. The Economist. 9 Juni 2012. Diakses tanggal 7 Juli 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=economist.com&rft.atitle=The+minimum+city&rft.date=2012-06-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fnode%2F21556584&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-289"><a href="#cite_ref-289">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Jain, Bhavika (17 Oktober 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130409205352/http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/Mumbai/62-of-Mumbai-lives-in-slums-Census/Article1-614027.aspx">"62% of Mumbai lives in slums: Census"</a>. Hindustan Times. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/Mumbai/62-of-Mumbai-lives-in-slums-Census/Article1-614027.aspx">versi asli</a> tanggal 2013-04-09. Diakses tanggal 6 Maret 2013. <q>The projections showed that about 90 lakh Mumbai residents now live in slums as against 60 lakh recorded in 2001 census – a 50 per cent increase in a decade that also saw an unprecedented real estate boom in the city.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hindustan+Times&rft.atitle=62%25+of+Mumbai+lives+in+slums%3A+Census&rft.date=2010-10-17&rft.aulast=Jain&rft.aufirst=Bhavika&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindustantimes.com%2FIndia-news%2FMumbai%2F62-of-Mumbai-lives-in-slums-Census%2FArticle1-614027.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-290"><a href="#cite_ref-290">^</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Parsis-top-literacy-sex-ratio-charts-in-city/articleshow/843036.cms?referral=PM">"Parsis top literacy, sex-ratio charts in city"</a>. The Times of India. 8 September 2004. Diakses tanggal 2 July 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Parsis+top+literacy%2C+sex-ratio+charts+in+city&rft.date=2004-09-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fmumbai%2FParsis-top-literacy-sex-ratio-charts-in-city%2Farticleshow%2F843036.cms%3Freferral%3DPM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Mumbaikar-291"><a href="#cite_ref-Mumbaikar_291-0">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFHansen2001" class="citation book">Hansen, Thomas Blom (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=-y3iNt0djbQC&printsec=frontcover">Wages of violence: naming and identity in postcolonial Bombay</a>. Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9780691088402" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/9780691088402">9780691088402</a>. Diakses tanggal 16 Agustus 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wages+of+violence%3A+naming+and+identity+in+postcolonial+Bombay&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=9780691088402&rft.aulast=Hansen&rft.aufirst=Thomas+Blom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3D-y3iNt0djbQC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Mumbaiite-292"><a href="#cite_ref-Mumbaiite_292-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150612024817/http://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai/mumbai-s-monsoon-readiness-not-pothole-free-but-better-roads/article1-1357589.aspx">"Mumbaiites prepare for a bumpy ride this year"</a>. Eighty potholes have already been reported in the pothole-tracking system. With work on several roads to be carried out after the rains, should Mumbaiites prepare for a bumpy ride this year?. HindustanTimes. 11 June 2015. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai/mumbai-s-monsoon-readiness-not-pothole-free-but-better-roads/article1-1357589.aspx">versi asli</a> tanggal 2015-06-12. Diakses tanggal 12 Juni 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Eighty+potholes+have+already+been+reported+in+the+pothole-tracking+system.+With+work+on+several+roads+to+be+carried+out+after+the+rains%2C+should+Mumbaiites+prepare+for+a+bumpy+ride+this+year%3F&rft.atitle=Mumbaiites+prepare+for+a+bumpy+ride+this+year&rft.date=2015-06-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindustantimes.com%2Fmumbai%2Fmumbai-s-monsoon-readiness-not-pothole-free-but-better-roads%2Farticle1-1357589.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-293"><a href="#cite_ref-293">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPai2005">Pai 2005</a>, hlm. 1804 </li> <li id="cite_note-294"><a href="#cite_ref-294">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFO'Brien2003">O'Brien 2003</a>, hlm. 141 </li> <li id="cite_note-295"><a href="#cite_ref-295">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDattaJones1999">Datta & Jones 1999</a>, Low-Income Households and the Housing Problem in Mumbai, pp. 158–159 </li> <li id="cite_note-296"><a href="#cite_ref-296">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Jacobson, Marc (Mei 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2007/05/dharavi-mumbai-slum/jacobson-text">"Dharavi: Mumbai's Shadow City"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="National Geographic Magazine">National Geographic Magazine</a>. Diakses tanggal 28 April 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Geographic+Magazine&rft.atitle=Dharavi%3A+Mumbai%27s+Shadow+City&rft.date=2007-05&rft.aulast=Jacobson&rft.aufirst=Marc&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fngm.nationalgeographic.com%2F2007%2F05%2Fdharavi-mumbai-slum%2Fjacobson-text&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-297"><a href="#cite_ref-297">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDavis2006">Davis 2006</a>, hlm. 31 </li> <li id="cite_note-298"><a href="#cite_ref-298">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130111004143/http://blogs.newschool.edu/epsm/2012/05/24/dharavi-mumbai/">"Dharavi, Mumbai | Sustainable Milano"</a>. Blogs.newschool.edu. 24 Mei 2012. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.newschool.edu/epsm/2012/05/24/dharavi-mumbai/">versi asli</a> tanggal 2013-01-11. Diakses tanggal 12 Maret 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dharavi%2C+Mumbai+%26%23124%3B+Sustainable+Milano&rft.pub=Blogs.newschool.edu&rft.date=2012-05-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.newschool.edu%2Fepsm%2F2012%2F05%2F24%2Fdharavi-mumbai%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-299"><a href="#cite_ref-299">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report_mumbai-s-slums-are-india-s-most-literate_1015111">"Mumbai's slums are India's most literate – Mumbai – DNA"</a>. Dnaindia.com. 27 February 2006. Diakses tanggal 16 August 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mumbai%27s+slums+are+India%27s+most+literate+%E2%80%93+Mumbai+%E2%80%93+DNA&rft.pub=Dnaindia.com&rft.date=2006-02-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dnaindia.com%2Fmumbai%2Freport_mumbai-s-slums-are-india-s-most-literate_1015111&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-300"><a href="#cite_ref-300">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080216012618/http://maccia.org.in/ecoSmaha06.pdf">"Highlights of Economic Survey of Maharashtra 2005–06"</a> (PDF). Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Planning Department (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Government_of_Maharashtra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Government of Maharashtra (halaman belum tersedia)">Government of Maharashtra</a>). hlm. 2. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://maccia.org.in/ecoSmaha06.pdf">versi asli</a> (PDF) tanggal 16 Februari 2008. Diakses tanggal 13 Februari 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Highlights+of+Economic+Survey+of+Maharashtra+2005%E2%80%9306&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=Directorate+of+Economics+and+Statistics%2C+Planning+Department+%28Government+of+Maharashtra%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmaccia.org.in%2FecoSmaha06.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-301"><a href="#cite_ref-301">^</a> <cite class="citation web">T Surendar (10 Februari 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://forbesindia.com/article/big-bet/mumbais-newage-builders-want-a-room-at-the-top/10032/0">"Mumbai's New-Age Builders want a Room at the Top"</a>. Forbes. Diakses tanggal 7 Juli 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mumbai%27s+New-Age+Builders+want+a+Room+at+the+Top&rft.pub=Forbes&rft.date=2010-02-10&rft.au=T+Surendar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fforbesindia.com%2Farticle%2Fbig-bet%2Fmumbais-newage-builders-want-a-room-at-the-top%2F10032%2F0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-302"><a href="#cite_ref-302">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timesofindia.com/india/Mumbai-noisiest-city-Delhi-at-number-4-Central-Pollution-Control-Board/articleshow/51985961.cms">"Mumbai noisiest city, Delhi at number 4: Central Pollution Control Board"</a>. Times of India. 26 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Mumbai+noisiest+city%2C+Delhi+at+number+4%3A+Central+Pollution+Control+Board&rft.date=2016-04-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofindia.com%2Findia%2FMumbai-noisiest-city-Delhi-at-number-4-Central-Pollution-Control-Board%2Farticleshow%2F51985961.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-census2011-303">^ <a href="#cite_ref-census2011_303-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-census2011_303-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-census2011_303-2">c</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/c-01.html">"C-1 Population By Religious Community"</a>. Pemerintah India, Kementerian Urusan Dalam Negeri. Diakses tanggal 11 Mei 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=C-1+Population+By+Religious+Community&rft.pub=Pemerintah+India%2C+Kementerian+Urusan+Dalam+Negeri&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.censusindia.gov.in%2F2011census%2Fc-01.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988">  On this page, select "Maharashtra" from the download menu. "Greater Mumbai (M.Corp.)" is at line 11 of the excel file, Mumbai Suburban District at line 1065 and "Mumbai District" at line 1072. </li> <li id="cite_note-304"><a href="#cite_ref-304">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.census2011.co.in/census/city/365-mumbai.html">"Mumbai (Greater Mumbai) City Census 2011 data"</a>. Census2011. 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Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-06-381225-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-06-381225-8">0-06-381225-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cities+of+the+World%3A+World+Regional+Urban+Development&rft.edition=Third&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield+Publishers%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-06-381225-8&rft.aulast=Brunn&rft.aufirst=Stanley&rft.au=Williams%2C+Jack+Francis&rft.au=Zeigler%2C+Donald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcitiesofworld00stan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="in08" class="citation book">Campbell, Dennis (2008). International Telecommunications Law [2008]. II. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/1-4357-1699-X" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/1-4357-1699-X">1-4357-1699-X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+Telecommunications+Law+%5B2008%5D&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=1-4357-1699-X&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=Dennis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="cent" class="citation book">Census of India, 1961. 5. Office of the Registrar General (India). 1962.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Census+of+India%2C+1961&rft.pub=Office+of+the+Registrar+General+%28India%29&rft.date=1962&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFCarsten1961" class="citation book">Carsten, F. L. (1961). The New Cambridge Modern History (The ascendancy of France 1648–88). V. Cambridge University Press Archive. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-521-04544-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-521-04544-5">978-0-521-04544-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Cambridge+Modern+History+%28The+ascendancy+of+France+1648%E2%80%9388%29&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press+Archive&rft.date=1961&rft.isbn=978-0-521-04544-5&rft.aulast=Carsten&rft.aufirst=F.+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFChaudhuri2005" class="citation book">Chaudhuri, Asha Kuthari (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-jxGSsKqfHgC&pg=PA10-IA6">"Introduction: Modern Indian Drama"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=-jxGSsKqfHgC&dq=Mahesh+Dattani++By+Asha+Kuthari+Chaudhuri">Mahesh Dattani: An Introduction</a>. Contemporary Indian Writers in English. Foundation Books. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/81-7596-260-7" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/81-7596-260-7">81-7596-260-7</a>. Diakses tanggal 26 April 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Introduction%3A+Modern+Indian+Drama&rft.btitle=Mahesh+Dattani%3A+An+Introduction&rft.series=Contemporary+Indian+Writers+in+English&rft.pub=Foundation+Books&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=81-7596-260-7&rft.aulast=Chaudhuri&rft.aufirst=Asha+Kuthari&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-jxGSsKqfHgC%26pg%3DPA10-IA6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFChittar1973" class="citation book">Chittar, Shantaram D. (1973). The Port of Bombay: a brief history. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pelabuhan_Bombay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pelabuhan Bombay (halaman belum tersedia)">Pelabuhan Bombay</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Port+of+Bombay%3A+a+brief+history&rft.pub=Pelabuhan+Bombay&rft.date=1973&rft.aulast=Chittar&rft.aufirst=Shantaram+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFDattaJones1999" class="citation book">Datta, Kavita; Jones, Gareth A. (1999). Housing and finance in developing countries. Volume 7 of Routledge studies in development and society (edisi ke-illustrated). 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History of Bombay, 1661–1708. <a href="/wiki/Universitas_Mumbai" title="Universitas Mumbai">Universitas Mumbai</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Bombay%2C+1661%E2%80%931708&rft.pub=Universitas+Mumbai&rft.date=1973&rft.aulast=David&rft.aufirst=M.+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFDavid1995" class="citation book">David, M. D. (1995). Bombay, the city of dreams: a history of the first city in India. Himalaya Publishing House.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bombay%2C+the+city+of+dreams%3A+a+history+of+the+first+city+in+India&rft.pub=Himalaya+Publishing+House&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=David&rft.aufirst=M.+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFDavis2006" class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mike_Davis_(scholar)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mike Davis (scholar) (halaman belum tersedia)">Davis, Mike</a> (2006). Planet of Slums [" Le pire des mondes possibles : de l'explosion urbaine au bidonville global "]. Paris: La Découverte. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-2-7071-4915-2" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-2-7071-4915-2">978-2-7071-4915-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Planet+of+Slums+%5B%22+Le+pire+des+mondes+possibles+%3A+de+l%27explosion+urbaine+au+bidonville+global+%22%5D&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=La+D%C3%A9couverte&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-2-7071-4915-2&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Mike&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFDwivediMehrotra2001" class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sharada_Dwivedi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sharada Dwivedi (halaman belum tersedia)">Dwivedi, Sharada</a>; Mehrotra, Rahul (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bombaycitieswith0000dwiv">Bombay: The Cities Within</a>. Eminence Designs. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/81-85028-80-X" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/81-85028-80-X">81-85028-80-X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bombay%3A+The+Cities+Within&rft.pub=Eminence+Designs&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=81-85028-80-X&rft.aulast=Dwivedi&rft.aufirst=Sharada&rft.au=Mehrotra%2C+Rahul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbombaycitieswith0000dwiv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="n450" class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=0DBhYWmqpDoC&printsec=frontcover">Environment and urbanization</a>. v. 14, no. 1. International Institute for Environment and Development. April 2002. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-84369-223-2" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-84369-223-2">978-1-84369-223-2</a>. Diakses tanggal 29 August 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Environment+and+urbanization&rft.pub=International+Institute+for+Environment+and+Development&rft.date=2002-04&rft.isbn=978-1-84369-223-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3D0DBhYWmqpDoC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="exe" class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mmrdamumbai.org/docs/escts.pdf">"Executive Summary on Comprehensive Transportation Study for MMR"</a> (PDF). MMRDA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/5p2WAlJQ2?url=http://www.mmrdamumbai.org/docs/escts.pdf">Diarsipkan</a> (PDF) dari versi asli tanggal 2010-04-16. Diakses tanggal 28 August 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Executive+Summary+on+Comprehensive+Transportation+Study+for+MMR&rft.pub=MMRDA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mmrdamumbai.org%2Fdocs%2Fescts.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFFarooqui2006" class="citation book">Farooqui, Amar (2006). Opium city: the making of early Victorian Bombay. Three Essays Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-81-88789-32-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-81-88789-32-0">978-81-88789-32-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Opium+city%3A+the+making+of+early+Victorian+Bombay&rft.pub=Three+Essays+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-81-88789-32-0&rft.aulast=Farooqui&rft.aufirst=Amar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFFortescue2008" class="citation book">Fortescue, J. W. (2008). A History of the British Army. III. Read Books. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-4437-7768-1" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-4437-7768-1">978-1-4437-7768-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+British+Army&rft.pub=Read+Books&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-4437-7768-1&rft.aulast=Fortescue&rft.aufirst=J.+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFFullerBénéï2001" class="citation book">Fuller, Christopher John; Bénéï, Véronique (2001). The everyday state and society in modern India. C. Hurst & Co. 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Routledge. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-415-28854-1" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-415-28854-1">0-415-28854-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Introduction&rft.btitle=Bollywood%3A+a+guidebook+to+popular+Hindi+cinema&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-415-28854-1&rft.aulast=Ganti&rft.aufirst=Tejaswini&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DGTEa93azj9EC%26pg%3DPA3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="bom" class="citation book">Greater Bombay District Gazetteer. Maharashtra State Gazetteers. v. 27, no. 1. 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Brill. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/81-215-0088-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/81-215-0088-5">81-215-0088-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Encyclopaedia+of+Indian+Archaeology&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=81-215-0088-5&rft.aulast=Ghosh&rft.aufirst=Amalananda&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFGuha2007" class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramachandra_Guha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ramachandra Guha (halaman belum tersedia)">Guha, Ramachandra</a> (2007). <a href="/w/index.php?title=India_after_Gandhi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="India after Gandhi (halaman belum tersedia)">India after Gandhi</a>. <a href="/wiki/HarperCollins" title="HarperCollins">HarperCollins</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-06-019881-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-06-019881-8">0-06-019881-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=India+after+Gandhi&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=0-06-019881-8&rft.aulast=Guha&rft.aufirst=Ramachandra&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFHansen2001" class="citation book">Hansen, Thomas Blom (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=-y3iNt0djbQC&printsec=frontcover">Wages of violence: naming and identity in postcolonial Bombay</a>. Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-691-08840-2" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-691-08840-2">978-0-691-08840-2</a>. Diakses tanggal 16 August 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wages+of+violence%3A+naming+and+identity+in+postcolonial+Bombay&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-691-08840-2&rft.aulast=Hansen&rft.aufirst=Thomas+Blom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3D-y3iNt0djbQC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFHuda2004" class="citation book">Huda, Anwar (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=JIwxhDGO-mUC&printsec=frontcover">The Art and Science of Cinema</a>. Atlantic Publishers & Distributors. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-81-269-0348-1" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-81-269-0348-1">978-81-269-0348-1</a>. Diakses tanggal 11 June 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Art+and+Science+of+Cinema&rft.pub=Atlantic+Publishers+%26+Distributors&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-81-269-0348-1&rft.aulast=Huda&rft.aufirst=Anwar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DJIwxhDGO-mUC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFJha2005" class="citation book">Jha, Subhash K. (2005). The Essential Guide to Bollywood. Roli Books. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/81-7436-378-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/81-7436-378-5">81-7436-378-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Essential+Guide+to+Bollywood&rft.pub=Roli+Books&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=81-7436-378-5&rft.aulast=Jha&rft.aufirst=Subhash+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFKeillor2007" class="citation book">Keillor, Bruce David (2007). Marketing in the 21st Century: New world marketing. 1. Praeger. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-275-99276-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-275-99276-4">0-275-99276-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Marketing+in+the+21st+Century%3A+New+world+marketing&rft.pub=Praeger&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=0-275-99276-4&rft.aulast=Keillor&rft.aufirst=Bruce+David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFKelsey2008" class="citation book">Kelsey, Jane (2008). Serving Whose Interests?: The Political Economy of Trade in Services Agreements. Taylor & Francis. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-415-44821-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-415-44821-5">978-0-415-44821-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Serving+Whose+Interests%3F%3A+The+Political+Economy+of+Trade+in+Services+Agreements&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-415-44821-5&rft.aulast=Kelsey&rft.aufirst=Jane&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFKhalidi2006" class="citation book">Khalidi, Omar (2006). Muslims in the Deccan: a historical survey. Global Media Publications. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-81-88869-13-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-81-88869-13-8">978-81-88869-13-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Muslims+in+the+Deccan%3A+a+historical+survey&rft.pub=Global+Media+Publications&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-81-88869-13-8&rft.aulast=Khalidi&rft.aufirst=Omar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rajni_Kothari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rajni Kothari (halaman belum tersedia)">Kothari, Rajni</a> (1970). Politics in India. Orient Longman.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Politics+in+India&rft.pub=Orient+Longman&rft.date=1970&rft.aulast=Kothari&rft.aufirst=Rajni&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFKrishnamoorthy2008" class="citation book">Krishnamoorthy, Bala (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/nlsiu.344.046.kri.25474">Environmental Management: Text And Cases</a>. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-81-203-3329-1" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-81-203-3329-1">978-81-203-3329-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Environmental+Management%3A+Text+And+Cases&rft.pub=PHI+Learning+Pvt.+Ltd.&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-81-203-3329-1&rft.aulast=Krishnamoorthy&rft.aufirst=Bala&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnlsiu.344.046.kri.25474&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFKumari1990" class="citation book">Kumari, Asha (1990). Hinduism and Buddhism. Vishwavidyalaya Prakashan. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/81-7124-060-7" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/81-7124-060-7">81-7124-060-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hinduism+and+Buddhism&rft.pub=Vishwavidyalaya+Prakashan&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=81-7124-060-7&rft.aulast=Kumari&rft.aufirst=Asha&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="lsd" class="citation book">Lok Sabha debates. New Delhi: Lok Sabha Secretariat. 1998.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lok+Sabha+debates&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pub=Lok+Sabha+Secretariat&rft.date=1998&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFMachado1984" class="citation book">Machado, José Pedro (1984). "Bombaim". Dicionário Onomástico Etimológico da Língua Portuguesa. Editorial Confluência (dalam bahasa Portuguese). I.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Bombaim&rft.btitle=Dicion%C3%A1rio+Onom%C3%A1stico+Etimol%C3%B3gico+da+L%C3%ADngua+Portuguesa&rft.date=1984&rft.aulast=Machado&rft.aufirst=Jos%C3%A9+Pedro&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Bahasa_yang_tidak_diketahui" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui">link</a>) </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFMehta2004" class="citation book">Mehta, Suketu (2004). Maximum City: Bombay Lost and Found. Alfred A Knopf. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-375-40372-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-375-40372-8">0-375-40372-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Maximum+City%3A+Bombay+Lost+and+Found&rft.pub=Alfred+A+Knopf&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-375-40372-8&rft.aulast=Mehta&rft.aufirst=Suketu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="UNB" class="citation book">Metropolitan planning and management in the developing world: spatial decentralization policy in Bombay and Cairo. United Nations Centre for Human Settlements. 1993. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-92-1-131233-1" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-92-1-131233-1">978-92-1-131233-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Metropolitan+planning+and+management+in+the+developing+world%3A+spatial+decentralization+policy+in+Bombay+and+Cairo&rft.pub=United+Nations+Centre+for+Human+Settlements&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-92-1-131233-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="misra" class="citation book">Misra, Satish Chandra (1982). The Rise of Muslim Power in Gujarat: A History of Gujarat from 1298 to 1442. Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rise+of+Muslim+Power+in+Gujarat%3A+A+History+of+Gujarat+from+1298+to+1442&rft.pub=Munshiram+Manoharlal+Publishers&rft.date=1982&rft.aulast=Misra&rft.aufirst=Satish+Chandra&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFMorrisWinchester2005" class="citation book">Morris, Jan; Winchester, Simon (2005) [1983]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/stonesofempirebu0000morr_i9l5">Stones of empire: the buildings of the Raj</a> (edisi ke-reissue, illustrated). <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-19-280596-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-19-280596-6">978-0-19-280596-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Stones+of+empire%3A+the+buildings+of+the+Raj&rft.edition=reissue%2C+illustrated&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-19-280596-6&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=Jan&rft.au=Winchester%2C+Simon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fstonesofempirebu0000morr_i9l5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="plan" class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090310212824/http://mdmu.maharashtra.gov.in/pages/Mumbai/mumbaiplanShow.php">"Mumbai Plan"</a>. Department of Relief and Rehabilitation (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Government_of_Maharashtra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Government of Maharashtra (halaman belum tersedia)">Government of Maharashtra</a>). Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mdmu.maharashtra.gov.in/pages/Mumbai/mumbaiplanShow.php">versi asli</a> tanggal 10 March 2009. Diakses tanggal 29 April 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mumbai+Plan&rft.pub=Department+of+Relief+and+Rehabilitation+%28Government+of+Maharashtra%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmdmu.maharashtra.gov.in%2Fpages%2FMumbai%2FmumbaiplanShow.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFNaravane2007" class="citation book">Naravane, M. S. (2007). Battles of the honourable East India Company: making of the Raj. APH Publishing. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-81-313-0034-3" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-81-313-0034-3">978-81-313-0034-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Battles+of+the+honourable+East+India+Company%3A+making+of+the+Raj&rft.pub=APH+Publishing&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-81-313-0034-3&rft.aulast=Naravane&rft.aufirst=M.+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFO'Brien2003" class="citation book">O'Brien, Derek (2003). The Mumbai Factfile. Penguin Books. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-14-302947-2" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-14-302947-2">978-0-14-302947-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mumbai+Factfile&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-14-302947-2&rft.aulast=O%27Brien&rft.aufirst=Derek&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="mp" class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090711160718/http://www.mumbaipolice.org/right_of_information/Right_of_Information.pdf">"Office of the Commissioner of Police, Mumbai"</a> (PDF). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mumbai_Police&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mumbai Police (halaman belum tersedia)">Mumbai Police</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mumbaipolice.org/right_of_information/Right_of_Information.pdf">versi asli</a> (PDF, 1.18 <a href="/wiki/Megabyte" class="mw-redirect" title="Megabyte">MB</a>) tanggal 2009-07-11. Diakses tanggal 15 June 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Office+of+the+Commissioner+of+Police%2C+Mumbai&rft.pub=Mumbai+Police&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mumbaipolice.org%2Fright_of_information%2FRight_of_Information.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFPatelMasselos2003" class="citation book">Patel, Sujata; Masselos, Jim, ed. (2003). "Bombay and Mumbai: Identities, Politics and Populism". Bombay and Mumbai. The City in Transition. Delhi, India: The Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-19-567711-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-19-567711-0">0-19-567711-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Bombay+and+Mumbai%3A+Identities%2C+Politics+and+Populism&rft.btitle=Bombay+and+Mumbai.+The+City+in+Transition&rft.place=Delhi%2C+India&rft.pub=The+Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-19-567711-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFPai2005" class="citation book">Pai, Pushpa (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lingref.com/isb/4/141ISB4.PDF">"Multilingualism, Multiculturalism and Education: Case Study of Mumbai City"</a> (PDF). Dalam Cohen, James; McAlister, Kara T.; Rolstad, Kellie; MacSwan, Jeff. Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Bilingualism. Cascadilla Press. hlm. 1794–1806.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Multilingualism%2C+Multiculturalism+and+Education%3A+Case+Study+of+Mumbai+City&rft.btitle=Proceedings+of+the+4th+International+Symposium+on+Bilingualism&rft.pages=1794-1806&rft.pub=Cascadilla+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Pai&rft.aufirst=Pushpa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lingref.com%2Fisb%2F4%2F141ISB4.PDF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFPatil1957" class="citation book">Patil, R.P. (1957). The mangroves in Salsette Island near Bombay. Calcutta: Proceedings of the Symposium on Mangrove Forest.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+mangroves+in+Salsette+Island+near+Bombay&rft.place=Calcutta&rft.pub=Proceedings+of+the+Symposium+on+Mangrove+Forest&rft.date=1957&rft.aulast=Patil&rft.aufirst=R.P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFAditi_Phadnis" class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aditi_Phadnis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aditi Phadnis (halaman belum tersedia)">Aditi Phadnis</a>. Business Standard Political Profiles: Of Cabals and Kings. <a href="/wiki/Business_Standard" title="Business Standard">Business Standard</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Business+Standard+Political+Profiles%3A+Of+Cabals+and+Kings&rft.pub=Business+Standard&rft.au=Aditi+Phadnis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="pemmr" class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mmrdamumbai.org/docs/Population%20and%20Employment%20profile%20of%20MMR.pdf">"Population and Employment profile of Mumbai Metropolitan Region"</a> (PDF). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mumbai_Metropolitan_Region_Development_Authority&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority (halaman belum tersedia)">Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority</a> (MMRDA). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/5mLpSbYyu?url=http://www.mmrdamumbai.org/docs/Population%20and%20Employment%20profile%20of%20MMR.pdf">Diarsipkan</a> (PDF) dari versi asli tanggal 2009-12-28. Diakses tanggal 4 June 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Population+and+Employment+profile+of+Mumbai+Metropolitan+Region&rft.pub=Mumbai+Metropolitan+Region+Development+Authority+%28MMRDA%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mmrdamumbai.org%2Fdocs%2FPopulation%2520and%2520Employment%2520profile%2520of%2520MMR.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="proc" class="citation book">Proceedings of the Indian National Science Academy. 65. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_National_Science_Academy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indian National Science Academy (halaman belum tersedia)">Indian National Science Academy</a>. 1999.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Proceedings+of+the+Indian+National+Science+Academy&rft.pub=Indian+National+Science+Academy&rft.date=1999&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFRana2006" class="citation book">Rana, Mahendra Singh (2006). India votes: Lok Sabha & Vidhan Sabha elections 2001–2005. Sarup & Sons. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-81-7625-647-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-81-7625-647-6">978-81-7625-647-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=India+votes%3A+Lok+Sabha+%26+Vidhan+Sabha+elections+2001%E2%80%932005&rft.pub=Sarup+%26+Sons&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-81-7625-647-6&rft.aulast=Rana&rft.aufirst=Mahendra+Singh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFRohliVega2007" class="citation book">Rohli, Robert V.; Vega, Anthony J. (2007). Climatology (edisi ke-illustrated). Jones & Bartlett Publishers. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-7637-3828-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-7637-3828-0">978-0-7637-3828-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Climatology&rft.edition=illustrated&rft.pub=Jones+%26+Bartlett+Publishers&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-7637-3828-0&rft.aulast=Rohli&rft.aufirst=Robert+V.&rft.au=Vega%2C+Anthony+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="maratha" class="citation book">Saini, A.K.; Chand; Hukam. History of Medieval India. Anmol Publications. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-81-261-2313-1" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-81-261-2313-1">978-81-261-2313-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Medieval+India&rft.pub=Anmol+Publications&rft.isbn=978-81-261-2313-1&rft.aulast=Saini&rft.aufirst=A.K.&rft.au=Chand&rft.au=Hukam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="prabhu" class="citation book">Singh, K. S.; B. V. Bhanu; B. R. Bhatnagar; Anthropological Survey of India; D. K. Bose; V. S. Kulkarni; J. Sreenath (2004). Maharashtra. XXX. Popular Prakashan. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-81-7991-102-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-81-7991-102-0">978-81-7991-102-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Maharashtra&rft.pub=Popular+Prakashan&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-81-7991-102-0&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=K.+S.&rft.au=B.+V.+Bhanu&rft.au=B.+R.+Bhatnagar&rft.au=Anthropological+Survey+of+India&rft.au=D.+K.+Bose&rft.au=V.+S.+Kulkarni&rft.au=J.+Sreenath&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFShirodkar1998" class="citation book">Shirodkar, Prakashchandra P. (1998). Researches in Indo-Portuguese history. 2. Publication Scheme. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-81-86782-15-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-81-86782-15-6">978-81-86782-15-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Researches+in+Indo-Portuguese+history&rft.pub=Publication+Scheme&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-81-86782-15-6&rft.aulast=Shirodkar&rft.aufirst=Prakashchandra+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFSwaminathanGoyal2006" class="citation book">Swaminathan, R.; Goyal, Jaya (2006). Mumbai vision 2015: agenda for urban renewal. Macmillan India in association with Observer Research Foundation.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mumbai+vision+2015%3A+agenda+for+urban+renewal&rft.pub=Macmillan+India+in+association+with+Observer+Research+Foundation&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Swaminathan&rft.aufirst=R.&rft.au=Goyal%2C+Jaya&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFStrizower1971" class="citation book">Strizower, Schifra (1971). The children of Israel: the Bene Israel of Bombay. B. Blackwell.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+children+of+Israel%3A+the+Bene+Israel+of+Bombay&rft.pub=B.+Blackwell&rft.date=1971&rft.aulast=Strizower&rft.aufirst=Schifra&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="bi" class="citation book">The Gazetteer of Bombay City and Island. Gazetteers of the Bombay Presidency. 2. Gazetteer Department (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Government_of_Maharashtra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Government of Maharashtra (halaman belum tersedia)">Government of Maharashtra</a>). 1978.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Gazetteer+of+Bombay+City+and+Island&rft.series=Gazetteers+of+the+Bombay+Presidency&rft.pub=Gazetteer+Department+%28Government+of+Maharashtra%29&rft.date=1978&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="mumact" class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070705222724/http://stateelection.maharashtra.gov.in/pdf/THE%20MUMBAI%20MUNICIPAL%20CORPORATION%20ACT_1888.pdf">"The Mumbai Municipal Corporation Act, 1888"</a> (PDF). State Election Commissioner (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Government_of_Maharashtra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Government of Maharashtra (halaman belum tersedia)">Government of Maharashtra</a>). Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stateelection.maharashtra.gov.in/pdf/THE%20MUMBAI%20MUNICIPAL%20CORPORATION%20ACT_1888.pdf">versi asli</a> (PDF) tanggal 2007-07-05. Diakses tanggal 3 May 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Mumbai+Municipal+Corporation+Act%2C+1888&rft.pub=State+Election+Commissioner+%28Government+of+Maharashtra%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstateelection.maharashtra.gov.in%2Fpdf%2FTHE%2520MUMBAI%2520MUNICIPAL%2520CORPORATION%2520ACT_1888.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFPeri-urban_water_and_sanitation_services_policy,_planning_and_method2010" class="citation book">Kurian, Mathew; McCarney, Patricia (2010). Peri-urban water and sanitation services policy, planning and method. Dordrecht: Springer. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9048194253" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/9048194253">9048194253</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Peri-urban+water+and+sanitation+services+policy%2C+planning+and+method&rft.place=Dordrecht&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9048194253&rft.aulast=Kurian&rft.aufirst=Mathew&rft.au=McCarney%2C+Patricia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFVilanilam2005" class="citation book">Vilanilam, John V. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/masscommunicatio0000vila">Mass communication in India: a sociological perspective</a> (edisi ke-illustrated). SAGE. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-7619-3372-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-7619-3372-4">978-0-7619-3372-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mass+communication+in+India%3A+a+sociological+perspective&rft.edition=illustrated&rft.pub=SAGE&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-7619-3372-4&rft.aulast=Vilanilam&rft.aufirst=John+V.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmasscommunicatio0000vila&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFWasko2003" class="citation book">Wasko, Janet (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/howhollywoodwork0000wask">How Hollywood works</a>. SAGE. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-7619-6814-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-7619-6814-8">0-7619-6814-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+Hollywood+works&rft.pub=SAGE&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-7619-6814-8&rft.aulast=Wasko&rft.aufirst=Janet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhowhollywoodwork0000wask&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="wmo" class="citation book">WMO bulletin. 49. <a href="/wiki/World_Meteorological_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="World Meteorological Organization">World Meteorological Organization</a>. 2000.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=WMO+bulletin&rft.pub=World+Meteorological+Organization&rft.date=2000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="yakg" class="citation book">Yimene, Ababu Minda (2004). An African Indian Community in Hyderabad: Siddi Identity, Its Maintenance and Change. Cuvillier Verlag. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/3-86537-206-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/3-86537-206-6">3-86537-206-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+African+Indian+Community+in+Hyderabad%3A+Siddi+Identity%2C+Its+Maintenance+and+Change&rft.pub=Cuvillier+Verlag&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=3-86537-206-6&rft.aulast=Yimene&rft.aufirst=Ababu+Minda&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFYuleBurnell1996" class="citation book">Yule, Henry; Burnell, A. C. (1996) [1939]. A glossary of colloquial Anglo-Indian words and phrases: Hobson-Jobson (edisi ke-2). Routledge. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-7007-0321-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-7007-0321-0">978-0-7007-0321-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+glossary+of+colloquial+Anglo-Indian+words+and+phrases%3A+Hobson-Jobson&rft.edition=2&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-7007-0321-0&rft.aulast=Yule&rft.aufirst=Henry&rft.au=Burnell%2C+A.+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="cng" class="citation book">Zakakria, Rafiq; <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian National Congress">Indian National Congress</a> (1985). 100 glorious years: Indian National Congress, 1885–1985. Reception Committee, Congress Centenary Session.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=100+glorious+years%3A+Indian+National+Congress%2C+1885%E2%80%931985&rft.pub=Reception+Committee%2C+Congress+Centenary+Session&rft.date=1985&rft.aulast=Zakakria&rft.aufirst=Rafiq&rft.au=Indian+National+Congress&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pranala_luar">Pranala luar</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mumbai&veaction=edit&section=31" title="Sunting bagian: Pranala luar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mumbai&action=edit&section=31" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pranala luar">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23035139">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"> 191 bahasa </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"> Bagian baru </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-d8647bfd6-qzqz2","wgBackendResponseTime":155,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"3.475","walltime":"3.725","ppvisitednodes":{"value":23805,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":684438,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":16235,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":26,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":7,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":413963,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 3183.144 1 -total"," 55.54% 1767.975 1 Templat:Reflist"," 20.26% 644.989 131 Templat:Cite_news"," 19.64% 625.106 136 Templat:Cite_web"," 10.42% 331.676 68 Templat:Cite_book"," 6.81% 216.841 1 Templat:Infobox_settlement"," 5.21% 165.930 1 Templat:Infobox"," 4.95% 157.685 1 Templat:Wilayah_Metropolitan_di_Asia"," 4.86% 154.735 1 Templat:Navbox"," 3.55% 112.877 104 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