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Karami</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Nasser Karami"> <meta name="keywords" content="Nasser Karami"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="Nasser Karami" name="q" aria-label="Search"> <button class="btn btn-light my-2 my-sm-0" type="submit"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></button> </form> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse mt-1" id="navbarMenu"> <ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto align-items-center" id="mainNavMenu"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/conferences" title="Conferences in 2024/2025/2026">Conferences</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/disciplines" title="Disciplines">Disciplines</a> </li> <li 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Nasser Karami"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 151</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Nasser Karami</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">151</span> History on the Screen: Nasser and the Biographical Film in Egyptian Cinema</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omar%20Khalifah">Omar Khalifah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The emergence of Muhammad Fadel’s 1996 film ‘Nasser 56’ ushered in a new era in Egyptian cinema. Not only was it the first biographical film of late Egyptian president Gamal ‘Abdel Nasser (1918-1970); it also broke a long-accepted taboo against cinematic depiction of modern political leaders. Passionately received by Egyptians and Arabs throughout the world, the success of ‘Nasser 56’ empowered other filmmakers to follow Fadel’s suit. Interestingly, the three biographical films that followed had, completely or partially, a Nasser dimension. In addition to another biographical film of Nasser, Anwar al-Qawadri’s ‘Gamal ‘Abdel Nasser’ (1999); Muhammad Khan’s ‘Ayyam al-Sadat (Days of Sadat)’ (2001), and Sherif Arafa’s ‘Halim (Halim)’ (2006) portray, as the titles clearly suggest, two significant figures whose lives thoroughly intersected with Nasser’s - Nasser’s successor Anwar al-Sadat and the legendary singer Abdel Halim Hafiz. Expectedly, therefore, Nasser himself is abundantly referenced in those films, albeit differently. This paper seeks to examine the ways in which Egyptian filmmakers impersonate Nasser on the screen. Starting with scholarly definitions of the biopic, the paper will first ponder the reasons that have made the biopic an unattractive genre to Egyptian filmmakers. It will then argue that the popularity of Nasser and his wide appeal to the public has transformed the status of the biopic genre in Egyptian cinema. However, the impersonation of Nasser in the four films above proved a daunting mission to filmmakers. As this paper will show, unless he is the main character, the reenactment of Nasser in films will constantly pose dilemmas to filmmakers, a few of which will be discussed in this paper. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Zaki" title="Ahmad Zaki">Ahmad Zaki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bio-pictures" title=" bio-pictures"> bio-pictures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Egyptian%20cinema" title=" Egyptian cinema"> Egyptian cinema</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nasser" title=" Nasser"> Nasser</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nasser%2056" title=" Nasser 56"> Nasser 56</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38660/history-on-the-screen-nasser-and-the-biographical-film-in-egyptian-cinema" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38660.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">419</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">150</span> Climatic Roots of Piracy in Red Sea</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nasser%20Karami">Nasser Karami</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Piracy in the North West of Indian Ocean and the Red Sea has become a global crisis in recent years. Pirates of this area are often very poor people from the Horn of Africa and the western coast of the Red Sea. Climatic and geographical evidence suggests that poverty and destruction of social structures in the region have directly relation to prolonged-drought. Indeed, after the seventies (more than 40 years ago) due to the long-term drought in the region, all political, economic and social structures had declined. Spread of terrorism, violent extremism and of course piracy, are main effects of climate change and drought of this regression. It is disturbing to say the climatic documents say that because of global climate change, severe drought will continue in this region. This mean that the dangers worse than piracy threatens the future of this area. Forty-year data that has assessed in this study indicate that there is direct relationship between spread of drought and piracy in the Red Sea. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate" title="climate">climate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=poverty" title=" poverty"> poverty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20change" title=" climate change"> climate change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drought" title=" drought"> drought</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=piracy%20in%20red%20sea" title=" piracy in red sea"> piracy in red sea</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30771/climatic-roots-of-piracy-in-red-sea" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30771.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">498</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">149</span> Moho Undulations beneath South of Egypt, Using the Seismic Waves Generated by Tele Earthquakes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Hosny">Ahmed Hosny</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haroon%20Elshaikh"> Haroon Elshaikh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gaber%20Hassib"> Gaber Hassib</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yassin%20Ali"> Yassin Ali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Moho discontinuity undulations beneath the southern part of Egypt have been defined using the seismic waves generated by tele earthquakes. These earthquakes have been recorded by the Aswan seismic network, which consists of 10 seismic stations established around the lake of Nasser. An additional seismic station was located towards the east of the Lake of Nasser by about ~ 150 km. Receiver functions and H-k stacking methods were used for obtaining the depths of Moho discontinuity and the Vp/Vs ratios beneath each seismic station. Our results revealed that, the depths of Moho discontinuity beneath the stations located around the Lake of Nasser range from 36 to 39 km, with an average value of 37.5 km. These results are consistent with the previous works done on the same area. The obtained Vp/Vs ratios for the crust of this area were ranged from 1.73 to 1.86, with an average value of 1.79. While beneath the station located towards the east, the Moho discontinuity was detected at a shallowest depth of 27 km and the Vp/Vs ratio was 1.82. The difference in the Moho depths beneath the stations located around the Lake of Nasser and the station located to the east revealed the boundary position between the Saharan Metacraton to the west and the Nubian-Arabian Shield to the east. This structural boundary delineates the position of the old collision of the Oceanic crust of the Nubian-Arabian Shield to the east with the Continental crust of the Saharan Metacraton to the west. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moho%20undulations" title="Moho undulations">Moho undulations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=south%20of%20Egypt" title=" south of Egypt"> south of Egypt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismic%20waves" title=" seismic waves"> seismic waves</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=earthquakes" title=" earthquakes"> earthquakes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36076/moho-undulations-beneath-south-of-egypt-using-the-seismic-waves-generated-by-tele-earthquakes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36076.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">512</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">148</span> Assessment the Impact of Changes in Cultivation Pattern from Grape to Apple on Drying up of Urmia Lake </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nasser%20Karami">Nasser Karami</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Urmia grapes have been famous for centuries and have been among the most desirable in the production of wine. Interestingly, evidence shows that the Urmia region was the first place in the world where wine was produced and consumed. In fact, the grapes known as “Shiraz” and made popular by “Shiraz Wine” are the grapes cultivated as a local species especially in the West Azerbaijan watershed basin and exported to Europe. But after the Islamic Revolution, because the production, usage, and sale of wine were unlawful (under Islamic rule), they decided to cultivate apples instead of grapes. Before Islamic revolution, about 50 percent of the gardens were producing grapes, but the apple groves took up less than 1.5 percent (100 hectares). Three years after the revolution, in 1982, people were swept up in the revolutionary excitement and grape cultivation decreased, using less than 10 percent of the garden area. Important is the fact that an apple tree needs 12 times more water than a grapevine, it should be noted that in terms of water usage in the area, the agricultural area has not been increased by 2 or 4 times but rather by 12 times. Evaluation of this study showed that contrary to official reports, climate change isn’t major cause of drying up Urmia Lake and 65 percent of this environmental crisis happened due to spreading unsustainable agricultural in basin of this lake. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultivation%20pattern" title="cultivation pattern">cultivation pattern</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unsustainable%20agriculture" title=" unsustainable agriculture"> unsustainable agriculture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urmia%20lake%20drying" title=" urmia lake drying"> urmia lake drying</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20managment" title=" water managment"> water managment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30769/assessment-the-impact-of-changes-in-cultivation-pattern-from-grape-to-apple-on-drying-up-of-urmia-lake" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30769.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">344</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">147</span> Impact of Flood on Phytoplankton Biochemical Composition in Subtropical Reservoir, Lake Nasser </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shymaa%20S.%20Zaher">Shymaa S. Zaher</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Howayda%20Abd%20El-Hady"> Howayda Abd El-Hady</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nehad%20Khalifa"> Nehad Khalifa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Lake Nasser is vital to Egypt as it is the main Nile water reservoir. One of the major challenges in ecological flood is to establish how environmental enrichment in nutrients availability may affect both the biochemical composition of phytoplankton and the species communities. Samples were collected from twenty sites representing different lake sectors along the main channel of the lake during 2017. Generally, phytoplankton distribution during flood season in Lake Nasser indicates the predominance of Cyanophyceae at all lake sectors. Increases in NO₂ (9.31 µg/l) and PO₄ (7.11µg/l) at the Abu-Simble sector are associated with changes in community structure and biochemical composition of phytoplankton, where Cyanophyceae blooming occur associated with retardation in biopolymeric particulate organic carbon. The maximum total biochemical contents (91.29 mg/l) and biopolymeric particulate organic carbon (37.15 mg/l) was found at El-Madiq sector where there was optimum nutrients (NO₂ 0.479 µg/l and PO₄ 5.149µg/l), a highly positive correlation was found between Cyanophyceae and NO₂ in the lake (r = 0.956). A highly positive correlation was detected between carbohydrates and both transparency and pH in the lake (r = 0.974 and 0.787). Also carbohydrates had a positive relation with Bacillariophyceae (r = 0.610). Flood positively alter the water quality of the lake by increasing dissolved oxygen and nutrients enrichment to the aquatic ecosystem, affecting other aquatic organisms of higher trophic levels as economic fishes inhabiting the lake. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aquatic%20microalgae" title="aquatic microalgae">aquatic microalgae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aswan%20high%20dam%20lake" title=" Aswan high dam lake"> Aswan high dam lake</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biochemical%20composition" title=" biochemical composition"> biochemical composition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fresh%20water" title=" fresh water "> fresh water </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114336/impact-of-flood-on-phytoplankton-biochemical-composition-in-subtropical-reservoir-lake-nasser" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114336.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">161</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">146</span> Use of Simulation in Medical Education: Role and Challenges</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raneem%20Osama%20Salem">Raneem Osama Salem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayesha%20Nuzhat"> Ayesha Nuzhat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatimah%20Nasser%20Al%20Shehri"> Fatimah Nasser Al Shehri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nasser%20Al%20Hamdan"> Nasser Al Hamdan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Recently, most medical schools around the globe are using simulation for teaching and assessing students’ clinical skills and competence. There are many obstacles that could face students and faculty when simulation sessions are introduced into undergraduate curriculum. Objective: The aim of this study is to obtain the opinion of undergraduate medical students and our faculty regarding the role of simulation in undergraduate curriculum, the simulation modalities used, and perceived barriers in implementing stimulation sessions. Methods: To address the role of simulation, modalities used, and perceived challenges to implementation of simulation sessions, a self-administered pilot tested questionnaire with 18 items using a 5 point Likert scale was distributed. Participants included undergraduate male medical students (n=125) and female students (n=70) as well as the faculty members (n=14). Result: Various learning outcomes are achieved and improved through the technology enhanced simulation sessions such as communication skills, diagnostic skills, procedural skills, self-confidence, and integration of basic and clinical sciences. The use of high fidelity simulators, simulated patients and task trainers was more desirable by our students and faculty for teaching and learning as well as an evaluation tool. According to most of the students,' institutional support in terms of resources, staff and duration of sessions was adequate. However, motivation to participate in the sessions and provision of adequate feedback by the staff was a constraint. Conclusion: The use of simulation laboratory is of great benefit to the students and a great teaching tool for the staff to ensure students learning of the various skills. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulators" title="simulators">simulators</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medical%20students" title=" medical students"> medical students</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skills" title=" skills"> skills</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulated%20patients" title=" simulated patients"> simulated patients</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance" title=" performance"> performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=challenges" title=" challenges"> challenges</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skill%20laboratory" title=" skill laboratory"> skill laboratory</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6844/use-of-simulation-in-medical-education-role-and-challenges" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6844.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">407</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">145</span> Quantum Entanglement and Thermalization in Superconducting Two-Qubit Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Karami">E. Karami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Bohloul"> M. Bohloul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Najmadi"> P. Najmadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The superconducting system is a suitable system for quantum computers. Quantum entanglement is a fundamental phenomenon that is key to the power of quantum computers. Quantum entanglement has been studied in different superconducting systems. In this paper, we are investigating a superconducting two-qubit system as a macroscopic system. These systems include two coupled Quantronium circuits. We calculate quantum entanglement and thermalization for system evolution and compare them. We observe, thermalization and entanglement have different behavior, and equilibrium thermal state has maximum entanglement. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=macroscopic%20system" title="macroscopic system">macroscopic system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantum%20entanglement" title=" quantum entanglement"> quantum entanglement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermalization" title=" thermalization"> thermalization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=superconducting%20system" title=" superconducting system"> superconducting system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148726/quantum-entanglement-and-thermalization-in-superconducting-two-qubit-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148726.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">155</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">144</span> Khiaban (the Street) as an Ancient Percept of the Iranian Urban Landscape: An Aesthetic Reading of Lalehzar Street, the First Modern Khiaban in Iran</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Atashinbar">Mohammad Atashinbar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Lalehzar was one of the main streets in central Tehran in late Qajar and 1st Pahlavi (1880-1940) and a center of attention for the government. It was a natural walk during the last decade of the reign of Nasser al-Din Shah (1880-1895). However, this street lost its prosperity status under the 2nd Pahlavi and evolved from a modern cultural street to a commercial corridor. Lalehzar's decline was the result of the immigration of the upper class from the inner city to the northern part and the consequent transfer of amenities and luxury goods with them. It seems that during Lalehzar's six decades of prosperity, this khiâbân has received an aesthetic look, which has made it enjoyable and appreciated by Tehran’s people. Various post-revolutionary urban management measures have been taken to revive Lalehzar and improve the quality of its urban life. Since the beginning of the Safavid era, the khiâbân was accompanied by the concept of urban space, and its characteristics are explained by referring to the main axis of the Persian Garden with rows of trees, streams, and a line of flowers on both sides. The construction of a street inside the city as an urban space benefits from a mental concept as a spiritual and exciting space, especially in common forms in the Persian Garden. Before that, the khiâbân was a religious and mythical concept, and we can even say that the mastery of this concept led to its appearance in the garden. In Tehran, Lalehzar Street is a gateway to modernity. The aesthetic changes in Lalehzar Street, inspired by Nasser al-Din Shah's journey to Europe around 1870, coinciding with the changes in architectural and urban landscape movements around the world between 1880 and 1940. The Shah is impressed by the modernist urbanism and, in particular, the Champs-Élysées in Paris. A tree-lined promenade with the hallmarks of the Persian Garden is familiar to Nasser al-Din Shah's mental image of beauty. In its state of mind, the main axis of the Persian Garden has the characteristics of a promenade. Therefore, the origins of the aesthetic of Lalehzar Street come from the aesthetics of the khiâbân. Admitting that the Champs-Élysées served as a model for Lalehzar, it seems that the Shah wanted to associate the Champs-Élysées with Lalehzar and highlight its landscape aspects by building this street. Depending on whether the percepts have their own aesthetic, this proposal seeks to analyze the aesthetic evolutions of the khiâbân as a percept towards the street as a component of the urban landscape in Lalehzar. The research attempts to review the aesthetic aspects of Lalehzar between 1880-1940 by using iconographic analysis, based on the available historical data, to find the leading aesthetics principles of this street. The aesthetic view to Lalehzar as an artwork is one of the main achievements of this study. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lalehzar" title="Lalehzar">Lalehzar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aesthetics" title=" aesthetics"> aesthetics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=percept" title=" percept"> percept</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tehran" title=" Tehran"> Tehran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=street" title=" street"> street</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135964/khiaban-the-street-as-an-ancient-percept-of-the-iranian-urban-landscape-an-aesthetic-reading-of-lalehzar-street-the-first-modern-khiaban-in-iran" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135964.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">151</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">143</span> The Right to City between Theory and Practice</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kais%20Nasser">Kais Nasser</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper tries to map the right to city, the right to just city, and describes the complications of achieving these rights in practice. It defines the right of city, its theoretical meanings, and approaches; in addition, it discusses the standards for achieving a Just City- equality, democracy, and diversity- and the complicity of ensuring them in practice. The article shows that realizing the right to city involves political, economic, social, and cultural aspects that might disturb the mission of planning a just city. Nevertheless, the article argues that the realization of the right to just city is not impossible. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=right%20to%20city" title="right to city">right to city</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=placemaking" title=" placemaking"> placemaking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=city%20marketing" title=" city marketing"> city marketing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=just%20city" title=" just city"> just city</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191956/the-right-to-city-between-theory-and-practice" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191956.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">30</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">142</span> An Empirical Investigation of Relationships between Consumer Involvement and Advertisement Effectiveness </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nasim%20Karami%20Mal%20Amiri">Nasim Karami Mal Amiri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farhad%20Razm%20Azma"> Farhad Razm Azma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Parts of consumer involvement in regards to one product are related to advertisement strategies. Different consumer involvement has different answers to the effectiveness of advertisement. This study has divided the market considering the characteristics and relationship between consumer involvement and the effectiveness of advertisement. The results of this study show consumer involvement which does affect parts of marketing. A positive and direct relationship among consumer involvement and the eventual effectiveness of advertisement has been shown. A great amount of consumer involvement is directly related to advertisement effectiveness. Therefore, consumer involvement is a critical factor in advertisement strategies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consumer%20involvement" title="consumer involvement">consumer involvement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=advertisement%20effectiveness" title=" advertisement effectiveness"> advertisement effectiveness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strategy" title=" strategy"> strategy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=effective%20marketing" title=" effective marketing "> effective marketing </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13105/an-empirical-investigation-of-relationships-between-consumer-involvement-and-advertisement-effectiveness" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13105.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">456</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">141</span> Application of Fuzzy Clustering on Classification Agile Supply Chain</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamidreza%20Fallah%20Lajimi">Hamidreza Fallah Lajimi </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elham%20Karami"> Elham Karami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatemeh%20Ali%20nasab"> Fatemeh Ali nasab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mostafa%20Mahdavikia"> Mostafa Mahdavikia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Being responsive is an increasingly important skill for firms in today’s global economy; thus firms must be agile. Naturally, it follows that an organization’s agility depends on its supply chain being agile. However, achieving supply chain agility is a function of other abilities within the organization. This paper analyses results from a survey of 71 Iran manufacturing companies in order to identify some of the factors for agile organizations in managing their supply chains. Then we classification this company in four cluster with fuzzy c-mean technique and with four validations functional determine automatically the optimal number of clusters. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agile%20supply%20chain" title="agile supply chain">agile supply chain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clustering" title=" clustering"> clustering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuzzy%20clustering" title=" fuzzy clustering"> fuzzy clustering</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28115/application-of-fuzzy-clustering-on-classification-agile-supply-chain" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28115.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">474</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">140</span> Application of Fuzzy Clustering on Classification Agile Supply Chain Firms</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamidreza%20Fallah%20Lajimi">Hamidreza Fallah Lajimi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elham%20Karami"> Elham Karami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alireza%20Arab"> Alireza Arab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatemeh%20Alinasab"> Fatemeh Alinasab</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Being responsive is an increasingly important skill for firms in today’s global economy; thus firms must be agile. Naturally, it follows that an organization’s agility depends on its supply chain being agile. However, achieving supply chain agility is a function of other abilities within the organization. This paper analyses results from a survey of 71 Iran manufacturing companies in order to identify some of the factors for agile organizations in managing their supply chains. Then we classification this company in four cluster with fuzzy c-mean technique and with Four validations functional determine automatically the optimal number of clusters. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agile%20supply%20chain" title="agile supply chain">agile supply chain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clustering" title=" clustering"> clustering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuzzy%20clustering" title=" fuzzy clustering"> fuzzy clustering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=business%20engineering" title=" business engineering"> business engineering</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28866/application-of-fuzzy-clustering-on-classification-agile-supply-chain-firms" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28866.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">712</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">139</span> Optimum Design of Heat Exchanger in Diesel Engine Cold EGR for Pollutants Reduction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nasser%20Ghassembaglou">Nasser Ghassembaglou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Armin%20Rahmatfam"> Armin Rahmatfam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faramarz%20Ranjbar"> Faramarz Ranjbar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Using of cold EGR method with variable venturi and turbocharger has a very significant affection on the reduction of NOX and grime simultaneously. EGR cooler is one of the most important parts in the cold EGR circuit. In this paper optimum design of cooler for working in different percents of EGR and for determining of optimum temperature of exhausted gases, growth of efficiency, reduction of weight, reduction of dimension and expenditures, and reduction of sediment and optimum performance by using gas oil which has significant amounts of brimstone are investigated and optimized. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cold%20EGR" title="cold EGR">cold EGR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NOX" title=" NOX"> NOX</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cooler" title=" cooler"> cooler</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas%20oil" title=" gas oil "> gas oil </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17939/optimum-design-of-heat-exchanger-in-diesel-engine-cold-egr-for-pollutants-reduction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17939.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">493</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">138</span> PhotoRoom App</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nouf%20Nasser">Nouf Nasser</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nada%20Alotaibi"> Nada Alotaibi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jazzal%20Kandiel"> Jazzal Kandiel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research study is about the use of artificial intelligence in PhotoRoom. When an individual selects a photo, PhotoRoom automagically removes or separates the background from other parts of the photo through the use of artificial intelligence. This will allow an individual to select their desired background and edit it as they wish. The methodology used was an observation, where various reviews and parts of the app were observed. The review section's findings showed that many people actually like the app, and some even rated it five stars. The conclusion was that PhotoRoom is one of the best photo editing apps due to its speed and accuracy in removing backgrounds. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=removing%20background" title="removing background">removing background</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=app" title=" app"> app</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20intelligence" title=" artificial intelligence"> artificial intelligence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20learning" title=" machine learning"> machine learning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137271/photoroom-app" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137271.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">199</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">137</span> Reliability Assessment of Various Empirical Formulas for Prediction of Scour Hole Depth (Plunge Pool) Using a Comprehensive Physical Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Majid%20Galoie">Majid Galoie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khodadad%20Safavi"> Khodadad Safavi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdolreza%20Karami%20Nejad"> Abdolreza Karami Nejad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reza%20Roshan"> Reza Roshan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, a comprehensive scouring model has been developed in order to evaluate the accuracy of various empirical relationships which were suggested for prediction of scour hole depth in plunge pools by Martins, Mason, Chian and Veronese. For this reason, scour hole depths caused by free falling jets from a flip bucket to a plunge pool were investigated. In this study various discharges, angles, scouring times, etc. have been considered. The final results demonstrated that the all mentioned empirical formulas, except Mason formula, were reasonably agreement with the experimental data. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scour%20hole%20depth" title="scour hole depth">scour hole depth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plunge%20pool" title=" plunge pool"> plunge pool</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physical%20model" title=" physical model"> physical model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reliability%20assessment" title=" reliability assessment "> reliability assessment </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20084/reliability-assessment-of-various-empirical-formulas-for-prediction-of-scour-hole-depth-plunge-pool-using-a-comprehensive-physical-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20084.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">535</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">136</span> Power Control of a Doubly-Fed Induction Generator Used in Wind Turbine by RST Controller</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Boualouch">A. Boualouch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Frigui"> A. Frigui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Nasser"> T. Nasser</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Essadki"> A. Essadki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.Boukhriss"> A.Boukhriss</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This work deals with the vector control of the active and reactive powers of a Double-Fed Induction generator DFIG used as a wind generator by the polynomial RST controller. The control of the statoric power transfer between the machine and the grid is achieved by acting on the rotor parameters and control is provided by the polynomial controller RST. The performance and robustness of the controller are compared with PI controller and evaluated by simulation results in MATLAB/simulink. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DFIG" title="DFIG">DFIG</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RST" title=" RST"> RST</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vector%20control" title=" vector control"> vector control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20turbine" title=" wind turbine"> wind turbine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12075/power-control-of-a-doubly-fed-induction-generator-used-in-wind-turbine-by-rst-controller" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12075.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">658</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">135</span> Phytochemical Investigation of Butanol Extract from Launeae Arborescens</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khaled%20Sekoum">Khaled Sekoum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nasser%20Belboukhari"> Nasser Belboukhari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abelkrim%20Cheriti"> Abelkrim Cheriti</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Launeae arborescens (L. arborescens) is a medicinal plant having capacities of important propagation. Following its biotope, associate to different species, it is frequently notably in the whole region of Algerian southwest of Wadi– Namous until the region of Karzaz. According to our ethnopharmacological survey, L. arborescens is used for treatment of the illnesses gastric. Following our phytochemical works achieved on the polyphenols of the methanolic extract of aerial part of L. arborescens, we are also interested to investigate the butanol fraction of the water/acetone extract and isolate of the new flavonoids from this plant. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Launeae%20arborescens" title="Launeae arborescens">Launeae arborescens</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=asteraceae" title=" asteraceae"> asteraceae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flavanone" title=" flavanone"> flavanone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=isoflavanone" title=" isoflavanone"> isoflavanone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glycosid%20flavanone" title=" glycosid flavanone"> glycosid flavanone</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8457/phytochemical-investigation-of-butanol-extract-from-launeae-arborescens" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8457.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">469</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">134</span> Super-Hydrophilic TFC Membrane with High Stability in Oil </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Obaid">M. Obaid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nasser%20A.%20M.%20Barakat"> Nasser A. M. Barakat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fadali%20O.A"> Fadali O.A</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Low stability in oil media and the hydrophobicity problems of the ploysulfone electrospun membranes could be overcome in the present study. Synthesis of super-hydrophilic and highly stable in oil polysulfone electrospun nanofiber membrane was achieved by electrospinning of polysulfone solution containing NaOH salt followed by activation of the dried electrospun membrane by deposition of polyamide layer on the surface using m-phenylenediamine and 1,3,5-benzenetricarbonyl chloride. The introduced membrane has super-hydrophilicity characteristic (contact angle=3o), excellent stability in oil media and distinct performance in oil-water separation process. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrospinning" title="electrospinning">electrospinning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oil-degradability" title=" oil-degradability"> oil-degradability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=membrane" title=" membrane"> membrane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanofibers" title=" nanofibers"> nanofibers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17053/super-hydrophilic-tfc-membrane-with-high-stability-in-oil" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17053.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">481</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">133</span> Planning for Sustainable Tourism in Chabahar Coastal Zone Using Swot Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Karami">R. Karami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Gharaei"> A. Gharaei</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this study was to investigate ecotourism status in Chabahar coastal zone using swot analysis and strategic planning. Firstly, the current status of region was studied by literature review, field survey and statistical analysis. Then strengths and weaknesses (internal factors) were identified as well as opportunities and threats (external factors) using Delphi Method. Based on the obtained results, the total score of 2.46 in IFE matrix and 2.33 in the EFE matrix represents poor condition related to the internal and external factors respectively. This condition means both external and internal factors have not been utilized properly and the zone needs defensive plan; thus appropriate planning and organizational management practices are required to deal with these factors. Furthermore strategic goals, objectives and action plans in short, medium and long term schedule were formulated in attention to swot analysis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tourism" title="tourism">tourism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SWOT%20analysis" title=" SWOT analysis"> SWOT analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strategic%20planning" title=" strategic planning"> strategic planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chabahar" title=" Chabahar"> Chabahar</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32310/planning-for-sustainable-tourism-in-chabahar-coastal-zone-using-swot-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32310.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">513</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">132</span> Investigation Acute Toxicity and Bioaccumulation Mineral Mercury in Rutilus frisii Kutum</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Gharaei">A. Gharaei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Karami"> R. Karami</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Rutilus frisii Kutum was exposed to various concentrations of mercuric chloride in water to determine its acute toxicity and bioaccumulation. We carried out ten treatments with three replicates and one control for each of the chemicals using the static O. E. C. D. method in 55-liter-tanks each containing 14 fingerlings. During the experiments, the average pH was recorded as 7.8, total hardness was measured to be 255 mg/l, the average water temperature was 27±1 degrees centigrade and dissolved oxygen was 7.2 mg/l. Mean LC50 values of Hgcl2 for juvenile R. frisii kutum with mean weight 1±0.2 gr were 0.102 and 0.86 mgHg/l at 24h and 96h, respectively. The bioaccumulation values during 24h in tissue, kidney, and gill were 1.55, 16.1, and 22.7 mgHg/l, respectively. So, these values during 96h were 2.8, 16.8, and 26.65 mgHg/l, respectively. The bioconcentration factors in tissue, kidney, and gill during 24h were 14.75, 153.39, and 216.11 and so during 96h were 33.8, 198.1, and 313.5 times. These results show that bioaccumulation was highest in the gill and then kidney and tissue, respectively. This study suggested that between mercury concentrations of water with bioaccumulation in tissue more than kidney and gill. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HgCl2" title="HgCl2">HgCl2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LC5096h" title=" LC5096h"> LC5096h</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioaccumulation" title=" bioaccumulation"> bioaccumulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rutilus%20frisii%20Kutum" title=" Rutilus frisii Kutum"> Rutilus frisii Kutum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Caspian%20Sea" title=" Caspian Sea"> Caspian Sea</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34715/investigation-acute-toxicity-and-bioaccumulation-mineral-mercury-in-rutilus-frisii-kutum" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34715.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">573</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">131</span> Vibration Analysis of Functionally Graded Engesser-Timoshenko Beams Subjected to Axial Load Located on a Continuous Elastic Foundation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Karami%20Khorramabadi">M. Karami Khorramabadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20R.%20Nezamabadi"> A. R. Nezamabadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper studies free vibration of functionally graded beams Subjected to Axial Load that is simply supported at both ends lies on a continuous elastic foundation. The displacement field of beam is assumed based on Engesser-Timoshenko beam theory. The Young's modulus of beam is assumed to be graded continuously across the beam thickness. Applying the Hamilton's principle, the governing equation is established. Resulting equation is solved using the Euler's Equation. The effects of the constituent volume fractions and foundation coefficient on the vibration frequency are presented. To investigate the accuracy of the present analysis, a compression study is carried out with a known data. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=functionally%20graded%20beam" title="functionally graded beam">functionally graded beam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=free%20vibration" title=" free vibration"> free vibration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elastic%20foundation" title=" elastic foundation"> elastic foundation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Engesser-Timoshenko%20beam%20theory" title=" Engesser-Timoshenko beam theory"> Engesser-Timoshenko beam theory</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15081/vibration-analysis-of-functionally-graded-engesser-timoshenko-beams-subjected-to-axial-load-located-on-a-continuous-elastic-foundation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15081.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">418</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">130</span> Comparative Study of Al₂O₃ and HfO₂ as Gate Dielectric on AlGaN/GaN Metal Oxide Semiconductor High-Electron Mobility Transistors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kaivan%20%20Karami">Kaivan Karami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sahalu%20Hassan"> Sahalu Hassan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanna%20Taking"> Sanna Taking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Afesome%20Ofiare"> Afesome Ofiare</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aniket%20Dhongde"> Aniket Dhongde</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdullah%20Al-Khalidi"> Abdullah Al-Khalidi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edward%20Wasige"> Edward Wasige</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We have made a comparative study on the influence of Al₂O₃ and HfO₂ grown using atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique as dielectric in the AlGaN/GaN metal oxide semiconductor high electron mobility transistor (MOS-HEMT) structure. Five samples consisting of 20 nm and 10 nm each of Al₂O₃ and HfO₂ respectively and a Schottky gate HEMT, were fabricated and measured. The threshold voltage shifts towards negative by 0.1 V and 1.8 V for 10 nm thick HfO2 and 10 nm thick Al₂O₃ gate dielectric layers respectively. The negative shift for the 20 nm HfO2 and 20 nm Al₂O₃ were 1.2 V and 4.9 V respectively. Higher gm/IDS (transconductance to drain current) ratio was also obtained in HfO₂ than Al₂O₃. With both materials as dielectric, a significant reduction in the gate leakage current in the order of 10^4 was obtained compared to the sample without the dielectric material. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AlGaN%2FGaN%20HEMTs" title="AlGaN/GaN HEMTs">AlGaN/GaN HEMTs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Al2O3" title=" Al2O3"> Al2O3</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HfO2" title=" HfO2"> HfO2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MOSHEMTs." title=" MOSHEMTs."> MOSHEMTs.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155167/comparative-study-of-al2o3-and-hfo2-as-gate-dielectric-on-algangan-metal-oxide-semiconductor-high-electron-mobility-transistors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155167.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">104</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">129</span> Advanced Mechatronic Design of Robot Manipulator Using Hardware-In-The-Loop Simulation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reza%20Karami">Reza Karami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Akbar%20Ebrahimi"> Ali Akbar Ebrahimi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper discusses concurrent engineering of robot manipulators, based on the Holistic Concurrent Design (HCD) methodology and by using a hardware-in-the-loop simulation platform. The methodology allows for considering numerous design variables with different natures concurrently. It redefines the ultimate goal of design based on the notion of satisfaction, resulting in the simplification of the multi-objective constrained optimization process. It also formalizes the effect of designer’s subjective attitude in the process. To enhance modeling efficiency for both computation and accuracy, a hardware-in-the-loop simulation platform is used, which involves physical joint modules and the control unit in addition to the software modules. This platform is implemented in the HCD design architecture to reliably evaluate the design attributes and performance super criterion during the design process. The resulting overall architecture is applied to redesigning kinematic, dynamic and control parameters of an industrial robot manipulator. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concurrent%20engineering" title="concurrent engineering">concurrent engineering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hardware-in-the-loop%20simulation" title=" hardware-in-the-loop simulation"> hardware-in-the-loop simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=robot%20manipulator" title=" robot manipulator"> robot manipulator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multidisciplinary%20systems" title=" multidisciplinary systems"> multidisciplinary systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechatronics" title=" mechatronics"> mechatronics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2865/advanced-mechatronic-design-of-robot-manipulator-using-hardware-in-the-loop-simulation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2865.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">454</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">128</span> Optimization of Flip Bucket Dents in Order to Reduce Scour Hole Depth (Plunge Pool) Using a Comprehensive Physical Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Majid%20Galoie">Majid Galoie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khodadad%20Safavi"> Khodadad Safavi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdolreza%20Karami%20Nejad"> Abdolreza Karami Nejad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reza%20Roshan"> Reza Roshan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Scour downstream of a flip bucket in a plunge pool is caused by impingement of water jet force. In order to reduce this force and consequently reduce scour hole depth, flip buckets may equip by dents. The minimum scour hole depth might be occurred by optimization of dents (number, shape, placement) on flip buckets. In this study, a comprehensive physical model has been developed and various options for dents have been investigated. The experimental data for each dent option such as scour hole depth, angle of impingement jet, piezometric pressure in tail-water and jet trajectory have been measured for various discharges. Finally, the best option can be found by analysis of the experimental results which has been expressed in this paper. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scouring%20process" title="scouring process">scouring process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plunge%20pool" title=" plunge pool"> plunge pool</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scour%20hole%20depth" title=" scour hole depth"> scour hole depth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physical%20model" title=" physical model"> physical model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flip%20bucket" title=" flip bucket "> flip bucket </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20083/optimization-of-flip-bucket-dents-in-order-to-reduce-scour-hole-depth-plunge-pool-using-a-comprehensive-physical-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20083.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">394</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">127</span> Web-Based Intervention for Addressing Cigarette Smoking Prevention among College Students </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farzad%20Jalilian">Farzad Jalilian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehdi%20Mirzaei%20Alavijeh"> Mehdi Mirzaei Alavijeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Ahmadpanah"> Mohammad Ahmadpanah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Behzad%20Karami%20Matin"> Behzad Karami Matin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abbas%20Aghaei"> Abbas Aghaei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Ali%20Eslami"> Ahmad Ali Eslami</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Smoking is introduced as one of the main risky factors to develop different types of diseases around the world, especially related to non-contagious diseases. The goal of the present study was assessment of the effectiveness of web based education program to prevent cigarette smoking among college students. Methods: In a randomized controlled trial, during 2014, 150 male college students in Isfahan and Kermanshah University of medical sciences were assigned to intervention group (receiving web based education program) and control groups. The study information was analyzed by SPSS software version 21 using cross-tabulation, t-test, repeated measures and GEE. Results: It was found significantly that average response for attitude towards cigarette smoking and sensation seeking after education reduced (P < 0.05). After intervention there was no significant difference between intervention and control group of cigarette smoking (P > 0.05). Conclusion: web based education have usefulness to reduce belief towards cigarette smoking. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=web-based%20intervention" title="web-based intervention">web-based intervention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smoking" title=" smoking"> smoking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=students" title=" students"> students</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iran" title=" Iran"> Iran</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33736/web-based-intervention-for-addressing-cigarette-smoking-prevention-among-college-students" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33736.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">484</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">126</span> Retrofitting of Bridge Piers against the Scour Damages: Case Study of the Marand-Soofian Route Bridge</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shatirah%20Akib">Shatirah Akib</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hossein%20Basser"> Hossein Basser</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hojat%20Karami"> Hojat Karami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Afshin%20Jahangirzadeh"> Afshin Jahangirzadeh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Bridge piers which are constructed in the track of high water rivers cause some variations in the flow patterns. This variation mostly is a result of the changes in river sections. Decreasing the river section, bridge piers significantly impress the flow patterns. Once the flow approaches the piers, the stream lines change their order, causing the appearance of different flow patterns around the bridge piers. New flow patterns are created following the geometry and the other technical characteristics of the piers. One of the most significant consequences of this event is the scour generated around the bridge piers which threatens the safety of the structure. In order to determine the properties of scour holes, to find maximum depth of the scour is an important factor. In this manuscript a numerical simulation of the scour around Marand-Soofian route bridge piers has been carried out via SSIIM 2.0 Software and the amount of maximum scour has been achieved subsequently. Eventually the methods for retrofitting of bridge piers against scours and also the methods for decreasing the amount of scour have been offered. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scour" title="scour">scour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bridge%20pier" title=" bridge pier"> bridge pier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20simulation" title=" numerical simulation"> numerical simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SSIIM%202.0" title=" SSIIM 2.0"> SSIIM 2.0</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4847/retrofitting-of-bridge-piers-against-the-scour-damages-case-study-of-the-marand-soofian-route-bridge" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4847.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">473</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">125</span> Exploring Corporate Governance Structure in Gulf Cooperation Council Countries</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zahra%20A.%20Al%20Nasser">Zahra A. Al Nasser</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Domenico%20Campa"> Domenico Campa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper investigates board of directors and firms’ ownership structure on non-financial companies listed in Gulf Cooperation council (GCC) countries using data from 2009 to 2013. The overall result of the study is that board size and board meeting have increased over years. Additionally, all combined committee variables have improved as well as audit committee size, audit committee meeting and audit committee experience have improved over the years. Furthermore, Oman is the only country that has not shown any statistically significant change in value of its associated variables. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corporate%20governance" title="corporate governance">corporate governance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GCC%20countries" title=" GCC countries"> GCC countries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=board%20of%20directors" title=" board of directors"> board of directors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ownership%20structure" title=" ownership structure "> ownership structure </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20883/exploring-corporate-governance-structure-in-gulf-cooperation-council-countries" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20883.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">571</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">124</span> The Effects of Watching Text-Relevant Video Segments with/without Subtitles on Vocabulary Development of Arabic as a Foreign Language Learners</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amirreza%20Karami">Amirreza Karami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hawraa%20Nafea%20Hameed%20Alzouwain"> Hawraa Nafea Hameed Alzouwain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Freddie%20A.%20Bowles"> Freddie A. Bowles</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study investigates the effects of watching text-relevant video segments with/without subtitles on vocabulary development of Arabic as a Foreign Language (AFL) learners. The participants of the study were assigned to two groups: one control group and one experimental group. The control group received no video-based instruction while the experimental group watched a text-relevant video segment in three stages: pre, while, and post-instruction. The preliminary results of the pre-test and post-test show that watching text-relevant video segments through following a pre-while-post procedure can help the vocabulary development of AFL learners more than non-video-based instruction. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=text-relevant%20video%20segments" title="text-relevant video segments">text-relevant video segments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vocabulary%20development" title=" vocabulary development"> vocabulary development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arabic%20as%20a%20Foreign%20Language" title=" Arabic as a Foreign Language"> Arabic as a Foreign Language</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AFL" title=" AFL"> AFL</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pre-while-post%20instruction" title=" pre-while-post instruction"> pre-while-post instruction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/126505/the-effects-of-watching-text-relevant-video-segments-withwithout-subtitles-on-vocabulary-development-of-arabic-as-a-foreign-language-learners" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/126505.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">165</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">123</span> Reclaiming The Sahara as a Bridge to Afro-Arab solidarity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Radwa%20Saad">Radwa Saad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Sahara is normatively treated as a barrier separating “two Africas"; one to the North with closer affinity to the Arab world, and one to the South that encompasses a diverse range of racial, ethnic and religious groups, commonly referred to as "Sub-Saharan Africa". This dichotomy however was challenged by many anticolonial leaders and intellectuals seeking to advance counter-hegemonic narratives that treat the Sahara as a bridge facilitating a long history of exchange, collaboration, and fusion between different civilizations on the continent. This paper reexamines the discourses governing the geographic distinction between North Africa and Sub-Saharan Africa. It argues that demarcating the African continent along the lines of the Sahara is part-and-parcel of a Euro-centric spatial imaginary that has served to enshrine a racialized global hierarchy of power. By drawing on Edward Said’s concept of ‘imagined geography’ and Charles Mill’s notion of “the racial contract”, it demonstrates how spatial boundaries often coincide with racial epistemologies to reinforce certain geopolitical imaginaries, whilst silencing others. It further draws on the works of two notable post-colonial figures - Gamal Abdel Nasser and Leopold Senghor - to explore alternative spatial imaginaries while highlighting some of the tensions embedded in advancing a trans-Saharan political project. Firstly, it deconstructs some of the normative claims used to justify the distinction between North and “sub-Saharan” Africa across political, literary and disciplinary boundaries. Secondly, it draws parallels between Said’s and Mills’ work to demonstrate how geographical boundaries and demarcations have been constructed to create racialized subjects and reinforce a hierarchy of color that favors European standpoints and epistemologies. Third, it draw on Leopard Senghor’s The Foundations of Africanité and Gamal Abdel Nasser’s The Philosophy of the Egyptian Revolution to examine some of the competing strands of unity that emerged out of the Saharan discourse. In these texts, one can identify a number of convergences and divergences in how post-colonial African elites attempts to reclaim and rearticulate the function of the Sahara along different epistemic, political and cultural premises. It concludes with reflections on some of the policy challenges that emerge from reinforcing the Saharan divide, particularly in the realm of peace and security. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regional%20integration" title="regional integration">regional integration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=politics%20of%20knowledge%20production" title=" politics of knowledge production"> politics of knowledge production</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=arab-african%20relations" title=" arab-african relations"> arab-african relations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=african%20solutions%20to%20african%20problems" title=" african solutions to african problems"> african solutions to african problems</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157241/reclaiming-the-sahara-as-a-bridge-to-afro-arab-solidarity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157241.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">86</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">122</span> Effect of National Sovereignty of Non-Citizens Human Rights Standards: Mediterranean Irregular Immigrants Case</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azin%20Karami">Azin Karami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bahareh%20Heydari"> Bahareh Heydari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There is a difference between national sovereignty ( national security guarantee) and human rights standards (human security guarantee). Under the pretext of providing security for the majority, Governments violate human rights standards and lead to populism. This paper illustrates despite the human rights standards of non-citizens, they mostly confront different practical and social realities. (a large gap between the reality and the truth). This paper has focused on one of vulnerable irregular non-citizens immigrants from Mediterranean . In addition, it has considered challenges of the basic and primary human rights standards of this group. It shows how government policies affect the flow of irregular immigration. This paper is based upon UN data about Mediterranean immigrants and polls answered by 68 people who intended to migrate from Mediterranean (28 female and 40 male people, the average age of 30 to 40). The model is supposed to be a convenient one to present objective, real evidence of irregular immigrants and discusses the challenges that this group of immigrants confront them .This paper shows clear concept of immigrants. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20rights" title="human rights">human rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20security" title=" human security"> human security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=national%20sovereignty" title=" national sovereignty"> national sovereignty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=irregular%20immigrants" title=" irregular immigrants"> irregular immigrants</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92687/effect-of-national-sovereignty-of-non-citizens-human-rights-standards-mediterranean-irregular-immigrants-case" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92687.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">182</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nasser%20Karami&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nasser%20Karami&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nasser%20Karami&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nasser%20Karami&page=5">5</a></li> <li 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