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href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Jeannette" title="USS Jeannette – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="USS Jeannette" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B3%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%86%D8%AA_(%DB%B1%DB%B8%DB%B7%DB%B8)" title="یواس‌اس جیننت (۱۸۷۸) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="یواس‌اس جیننت (۱۸۷۸)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Jeannette_(1878)" title="USS Jeannette (1878) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="USS Jeannette (1878)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_%C2%ABJeannette%C2%BB" title="USS «Jeannette» – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="USS «Jeannette»" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Jeannette_(1878)" title="USS Jeannette (1878) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="USS Jeannette (1878)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Jeannette_(1878)" title="USS Jeannette (1878) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="USS Jeannette 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searchaux" style="display:none">American exploration vessel</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other ships with the same name, see <a href="/wiki/USS_Jeannette" title="USS Jeannette">USS Jeannette</a> and <a href="/wiki/HMS_Pandora" title="HMS Pandora">HMS Pandora</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:USS_Jeannette;h52199.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/USS_Jeannette%3Bh52199.jpg/300px-USS_Jeannette%3Bh52199.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/USS_Jeannette%3Bh52199.jpg/450px-USS_Jeannette%3Bh52199.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/USS_Jeannette%3Bh52199.jpg/600px-USS_Jeannette%3Bh52199.jpg 2x" data-file-width="663" data-file-height="434" /></a></span><div><i>Jeannette</i> at <a href="/wiki/Le_Havre" title="Le Havre">Le Havre</a> in 1878</div> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">History</th></tr> <tr><th height="30" colspan="2" style="background-color:#B0C4DE;text-align:left;padding-left:2px;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;"><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Naval_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/56px-Naval_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="56" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Naval_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/84px-Naval_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Naval_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/112px-Naval_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span style="padding-left:1em">United Kingdom</span></th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Name</td><td>HMS <i>Pandora</i></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Ordered</td><td>8 April 1859</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Builder</td><td><a href="/wiki/Pembroke_Dockyard" title="Pembroke Dockyard">Pembroke Dockyard</a></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Laid down</td><td>30 March 1860</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Launched</td><td>7 February 1861<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1861-02-07</span>)</span></td></tr> <tr><th height="30" colspan="2" style="background-color:#B0C4DE;text-align:left;padding-left:2px;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;"><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281877%E2%80%931890%29.svg/54px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281877%E2%80%931890%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="54" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281877%E2%80%931890%29.svg/80px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281877%E2%80%931890%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281877%E2%80%931890%29.svg/107px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281877%E2%80%931890%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span><span style="padding-left:1em">United States</span></th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Name</td><td>USS <i>Jeannette</i></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Namesake</td><td>Jeanette Gordon Bennett</td></tr> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Expedition</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jeannette_expedition" title="Jeannette expedition"><i>Jeannette</i> expedition</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Departure</th><td class="infobox-data">8 July 1879</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Fate</td><td>Crushed in ice and sunk</td></tr> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date sunk</th><td class="infobox-data">13 June 1881<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">1881-06-13</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">General characteristics</th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Class and type</td><td><a href="/wiki/Philomel-class_gunvessel" title="Philomel-class gunvessel"><i>Philomel</i>-class gunvessel</a></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Displacement</td><td>570 <a href="/wiki/Long_ton" title="Long ton">long tons</a> (579.1 metric tons)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Tons burthen</td><td>428 tons (<a href="/wiki/Builder%27s_Old_Measurement" title="Builder's Old Measurement">bm</a>)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Length</td><td>142 feet (43.3 meters)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Beam</td><td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac">24<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">3</span></span> feet (7.4 meters)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Draft</td><td>13 feet (4.0 meters)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Sail plan</td><td><a href="/wiki/Barque" title="Barque">Bark-rigged</a></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Speed</td><td>~10 knots (11.5 mph; 18.5 km/h)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Complement</td><td>60 officers and men</td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>USS</b> <i><b>Jeannette</b></i> was a naval exploration vessel which, commanded by <a href="/wiki/George_W._De_Long" title="George W. De Long">George W. De Long</a>, undertook the <a href="/wiki/Jeannette_expedition" title="Jeannette expedition"><i>Jeannette</i> expedition</a> of 1879–1881 to the <a href="/wiki/Arctic" title="Arctic">Arctic</a>. After being trapped in the ice and drifting for almost two years, the ship and her crew of 33 were released from the ice, then trapped again, crushed and sunk some 300 nautical miles (560 km; 350 mi) north of the Siberian coast. The entire crew survived the sinking, but eight died while sailing towards land in a small <a href="/wiki/Cutter_(boat)" title="Cutter (boat)">cutter</a>. The others reached Siberia, but 12 subsequently perished in the <a href="/wiki/Lena_Delta" class="mw-redirect" title="Lena Delta">Lena Delta</a>, including De Long. </p><p>The vessel had begun her active career in 1861 as HMS <i>Pandora</i>, a <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> gunboat. After more than a decade's service off the West African coast and in the Mediterranean, <i>Pandora</i> was retired from duty and sold as a private yacht to a British explorer, <a href="/wiki/Allen_Young" title="Allen Young">Allen Young</a>. Young took her on two voyages to the Arctic, in 1875 and 1876, before selling her to <a href="/wiki/James_Gordon_Bennett_Jr." title="James Gordon Bennett Jr.">James Gordon Bennett Jr.</a>, proprietor of the <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Herald" title="New York Herald">New York Herald</a></i>, who changed her name to <i>Jeannette</i>. Although she sailed to the Arctic under the U.S. flag as USS <i>Jeannette</i>, subject to naval laws and discipline, Bennett remained responsible for the costs of the expedition. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Service_history">Service history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=USS_Jeannette_(1878)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Service history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Construction_and_launch">Construction and launch</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=USS_Jeannette_(1878)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Construction and launch"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The ship that became USS <i>Jeannette</i> began her life as a <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> gunboat, built at the <a href="/wiki/Pembroke_Dock" title="Pembroke Dock">Pembroke Naval Dockyards</a> in 1860.<sup id="cite_ref-Davis_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davis-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was of wooden construction, 146 feet (45 m) in length and 25 feet (7.6 m) at the beam, with a draft of 13 feet (4.0 m). Her tonnage, calculated by <a href="/wiki/Builder%27s_Old_Measurement" title="Builder's Old Measurement">Builder's Measure</a>, was 428 tons, with a <a href="/wiki/Displacement_(ship)" title="Displacement (ship)">displacement</a> of 570 tons. She was rigged as a <a href="/wiki/Barque" title="Barque">barque</a>, but her principal means of propulsion was by a steam-driven <a href="/wiki/Propeller" title="Propeller">screw</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESides201486–87_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESides201486–87-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After her launch on 7 February 1861, <i>Pandora</i> was taken from Pembroke to <a href="/wiki/HMNB_Portsmouth" title="HMNB Portsmouth">Portsmouth Dockyard</a>, where she was fitted with her engines and boilers, and underwent trials before commissioning. On October 22, she concluded her trials successfully, achieving a speed of 9.25 <a href="/wiki/Knot_(unit)" title="Knot (unit)">knots</a> over a measured mile.<sup id="cite_ref-Davis_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davis-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pandora"><i>Pandora</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=USS_Jeannette_(1878)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Pandora"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In November 1861, during the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>, the diplomatic incident known as the <a href="/wiki/Trent_Affair" title="Trent Affair"><i>Trent</i> affair</a> caused the <a href="/wiki/Admiralty_(United_Kingdom)" title="Admiralty (United Kingdom)">Admiralty</a> to bring additional ships into active service. On 27 December 1861, <i>Pandora</i> was formally commissioned, as tender to <a href="/wiki/HMS_Majestic_(1853)" title="HMS Majestic (1853)">HMS <i>Majestic</i></a>, and the following day sailed for <a href="/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a> where <i>Majestic</i> was berthed.<sup id="cite_ref-Davis_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davis-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The crisis was quickly resolved;<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Pandora</i> remained at Liverpool until January 1862 before returning to Portsmouth.<sup id="cite_ref-Davis_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davis-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In April 1863, <i>Pandora</i> left Portsmouth for service off the coast of West Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-Davis_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davis-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 2 October 1866, she collided with sister ship <a href="/wiki/HMS_Griffon_(1860)" title="HMS Griffon (1860)">HMS <i>Griffon</i></a> off <a href="/wiki/An%C3%A9ho" title="Aného">Little Popo</a>. <i>Griffon</i> sank; her crew were rescued.<sup id="cite_ref-BO151166_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BO151166-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Pandora</i> returned in Portsmouth in 1867, and was transferred to the reserve. In April 1868, she was recommissioned, and returned to West Africa. Two years later she was transferred to the Mediterranean squadron, based at <a href="/wiki/Valletta" title="Valletta">Valletta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a>. This was her last commission in British naval service. In July 1872, after two years in the Mediterranean, she returned to <a href="/wiki/Spithead" title="Spithead">Spithead</a>, where she was taken out of active commission and berthed in Portsmouth as part of the steam reserve.<sup id="cite_ref-Davis_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davis-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Allen_Young">Allen Young</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=USS_Jeannette_(1878)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Allen Young"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1875, <i>Pandora</i> was acquired from the navy by the yachtsman <a href="/wiki/Allen_Young" title="Allen Young">Allen Young</a>, for use in one of the last expeditions sent to the Canadian Arctic to investigate the disappearance, 30 years previously, of the <a href="/wiki/Franklin%27s_lost_expedition" title="Franklin's lost expedition">Franklin expedition</a>. Young sailed in June 1875, seeking not only for signs of Franklin, but to discover and complete the <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Passage" title="Northwest Passage">Northwest Passage</a>, then unconquered. He was unsuccessful on both counts; he found no traces of Franklin, was stopped by ice in <a href="/wiki/Peel_Sound" title="Peel Sound">Peel Sound</a>, and he returned to England.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEColeman2007170–171_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEColeman2007170–171-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the financiers for this venture was <a href="/wiki/James_Gordon_Bennett_Jr." title="James Gordon Bennett Jr.">James Gordon Bennett Jr.</a>, the owner of the <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Herald" title="New York Herald">New York Herald</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFleming2002194–195_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFleming2002194–195-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1876, Young took <i>Pandora</i> north again, for a second attempt on the Northwest Passage. He was diverted by a request from the Admiralty to look for the <a href="/wiki/British_Arctic_Expedition" title="British Arctic Expedition">British Arctic Expedition</a> under <a href="/wiki/George_Nares" title="George Nares">George Nares</a>, which was engaged in an attempt to reach the North Pole from <a href="/wiki/Smith_Sound" title="Smith Sound">Smith Sound</a>. The expedition did not require <i>Pandora's</i> assistance, and Young returned home.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEColeman2007225_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEColeman2007225-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1877, Young sold <i>Pandora</i> to Bennett, who was planning his own Arctic expedition.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuttridge198831–32_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuttridge198831–32-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Polar_expedition">Polar expedition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=USS_Jeannette_(1878)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Polar expedition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Jeannette_expedition" title="Jeannette expedition">Jeannette expedition</a></div> <p>Bennett's plan was to sail a vessel through the <a href="/wiki/Bering_Strait" title="Bering Strait">Bering Strait</a>, on the theory that the warm Pacific Ocean current known as the <a href="/wiki/Kuroshio_Current" title="Kuroshio Current">Kuro Siwo</a> would provide a "thermometric gateway" whereby a suitable ship might reach the North Pole.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESides201481_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESides201481-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was the primary objective, but the ship was also equipped for scientific observation. By agreement with the U.S. Department of the Navy, Bennett would finance the expedition, but would sail under naval laws and discipline,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuttridge198842–43_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuttridge198842–43-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and would be commanded by a naval officer, <a href="/wiki/George_W._De_Long" title="George W. De Long">George W. De Long</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFleming2002196_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFleming2002196-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Pandora</i> was renamed <i>Jeannette</i>, after Bennett's sister, and in January 1879 arrived at the <a href="/wiki/Mare_Island_Naval_Shipyard" title="Mare Island Naval Shipyard">Mare Island Naval Shipyard</a>, to be fitted for Arctic service.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESides201491–93,_105_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESides201491–93,_105-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Abandoning_the_Arctic_Exploration_Ship_Jeanette,_by_James_Gale_Tyler.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Abandoning_the_Arctic_Exploration_Ship_Jeanette%2C_by_James_Gale_Tyler.jpg/260px-Abandoning_the_Arctic_Exploration_Ship_Jeanette%2C_by_James_Gale_Tyler.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Abandoning_the_Arctic_Exploration_Ship_Jeanette%2C_by_James_Gale_Tyler.jpg/390px-Abandoning_the_Arctic_Exploration_Ship_Jeanette%2C_by_James_Gale_Tyler.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Abandoning_the_Arctic_Exploration_Ship_Jeanette%2C_by_James_Gale_Tyler.jpg/520px-Abandoning_the_Arctic_Exploration_Ship_Jeanette%2C_by_James_Gale_Tyler.jpg 2x" data-file-width="852" data-file-height="581" /></a><figcaption>Abandoning <i>Jeannette</i></figcaption></figure> <p><i>Jeannette</i> departed <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a> on 8 July 1879.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENewcomb188223_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENewcomb188223-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She sent her last communication to <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington</a> from <a href="/wiki/Saint_Lawrence_Bay,_Chukotka" title="Saint Lawrence Bay, Chukotka">Saint Lawrence Bay, Chukotka</a>, on 27 August.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENewcomb1882106–107_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENewcomb1882106–107-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shortly afterwards she encountered ice, of increasing severity as she pushed her way forward to <a href="/wiki/Herald_Island_(Arctic)" title="Herald Island (Arctic)">Herald Island</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDe_Long1884112_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDe_Long1884112-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 7 September, she was caught fast in the ice at <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=USS_Jeannette_(1878)&params=71_35_N_175_6_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">71°35′N</span> <span class="longitude">175°6′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">71.583°N 175.100°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">71.583; 175.100</span></span></span></a></span></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDe_Long188482_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDe_Long188482-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuttridge198898_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuttridge198898-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For the next 21 months, <i>Jeannette</i> drifted in an erratic fashion, generally to the northwest but frequently doubling back on herself.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESides2014161–195_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESides2014161–195-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May 1881, two islands were discovered, which De Long named <a href="/wiki/Henrietta_Island" title="Henrietta Island">Henrietta Island</a>—after Bennett's mother—and <a href="/wiki/Jeannette_Island" title="Jeannette Island">Jeannette Island</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuttridge1988172–174_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuttridge1988172–174-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the night of 12 June, when they had reached <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=USS_Jeannette_(1878)&params=77_15_N_155_0_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">77°15′N</span> <span class="longitude">155°0′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">77.250°N 155.000°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">77.250; 155.000</span></span></span></a></span></span>, the pressure of the ice finally began to crush the <i>Jeannette</i>. De Long and his men unloaded provisions and equipment onto the ice, and watched as the ship continued moaning through the night and finally disappeared beneath the water in the early morning of June 13.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESides2014226–230_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESides2014226–230-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The expedition began the long trek to the Siberian coast, hauling their sledges with boats and supplies. On their way they discovered a further island which they named <a href="/wiki/Bennett_Island" title="Bennett Island">Bennett Island</a> in honor of the expedition's sponsor.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESides2014272_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESides2014272-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDe_Long1884679_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDe_Long1884679-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After reaching the <a href="/wiki/New_Siberian_Islands" title="New Siberian Islands">New Siberian Islands</a> and gaining some food and rest, the party took to their three boats on September 12 for the last stage of their journey to the <a href="/wiki/Lena_Delta" class="mw-redirect" title="Lena Delta">Lena Delta</a>, their planned landfall. As a violent storm blew up, one of the boats—with lieutenant <a href="/wiki/Charles_W._Chipp" title="Charles W. Chipp">Charles W. Chipp</a> and seven men—capsized and sank. The other two craft, commanded by De Long and chief engineer <a href="/wiki/George_W._Melville" title="George W. Melville">George W. Melville</a> with 14 and 11 men respectively, survived the severe weather but landed at widely separated points on the delta.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFleming2002221–222_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFleming2002221–222-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The party headed by De Long began the long march inland over the marshy, half-frozen delta to hoped-for native settlements. After much hardship, with many of his men severely weakened, De Long sent the two strongest, <a href="/wiki/William_F._C._Nindemann" title="William F. C. Nindemann">William F. C. Nindemann</a> and Louis P. Noros, ahead for help; they eventually found a settlement and survived. De Long and his 11 companions died of cold and starvation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFleming2002222–226_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFleming2002222–226-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the meantime, on the other side of the delta, Melville and his party had found a native village and were rescued.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESides2014354–360_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESides2014354–360-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Melville persuaded a group of locals to help him search for his commander. He succeeded in finding their landing place on the delta, and recovered De Long's logbook and other important records but returned without locating the De Long group.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESides2014364–372_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESides2014364–372-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the following spring, Melville set out again, and found the bodies of De Long and his companions on 23 March 1882.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESides2014386–396_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESides2014386–396-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 18 June 1884, wreckage from <i>Jeannette</i> was found on an ice floe near <a href="/wiki/Julianeh%C3%A5b" class="mw-redirect" title="Julianehåb">Julianehåb</a>, near the south-western corner of <a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</a>. This indicated that an ocean current flowed from east to west across the polar sea. It gave the Norwegian explorer <a href="/wiki/Fridtjof_Nansen" title="Fridtjof Nansen">Fridtjof Nansen</a> the idea that a properly-constructed ship could enter the ice in the east, survive the pressure during the drift, and emerge in the Atlantic, perhaps having traversed the pole itself. This theory was the basis of <a href="/wiki/Nansen%27s_Fram_expedition" title="Nansen's Fram expedition">Nansen's <i>Fram</i> expedition</a> of 1893–1896.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFleming2002239_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFleming2002239-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although the open Polar Sea theory ended with <i>Jeannette</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s voyage, the ship's meteorological and oceanographic records have provided 21st-century climatologists with valuable data relating to climate change and the shrinking of the polar icecap.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Recovery_plan">Recovery plan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=USS_Jeannette_(1878)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Recovery plan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In February 2015 the Russian adventurer, traveler and media personality <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrey_Khoroshev&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andrey Khoroshev (page does not exist)">Andrey Khoroshev</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%98" class="extiw" title="ru:Андрей И">ru</a>]</span> announced that in consultation with the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Geographical_Society" title="Russian Geographical Society">Russian Geographical Society</a>, he was developing plans to locate and raise the wreck of <i>Jeannette</i>. Khoroshev told <i>The Siberian Times</i>: "This vessel lies at a depth of only 18 metres (59 ft), with the known location down to 1,000 metres (3,300 ft). So in modern day conditions, to find and raise it is not such a hard task." He imagined that the event would be a great boost for Russia's relations with the United States, "which are not very good right now".<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, a survey of the area where the ship sank did not reveal any results and as of December 2019<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=USS_Jeannette_(1878)&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, it had not been found.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_Fiction">In Fiction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=USS_Jeannette_(1878)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: In Fiction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Captain <a href="/wiki/Edward_Ellsberg" title="Edward Ellsberg">Edward Ellsberg</a> recounted the voyage of the <i>Jeanette</i> in his book <i>Hell on Ice</i> published in 1938. It tells the journey through the eyes of the chief engineer. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=USS_Jeannette_(1878)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Davis-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Davis_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Davis_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Davis_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Davis_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Davis_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Davis_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pdavis.nl/ShowShip.php?id=1850">"Mid-Victorian RN vessels"</a>. 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class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFColeman2007">Coleman 2007</a>, p. 225.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuttridge198831–32-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuttridge198831–32_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGuttridge1988">Guttridge 1988</a>, pp. 31–32.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESides201481-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESides201481_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSides2014">Sides 2014</a>, p. 81.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuttridge198842–43-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuttridge198842–43_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGuttridge1988">Guttridge 1988</a>, pp. 42–43.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFleming2002196-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFleming2002196_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFleming2002">Fleming 2002</a>, p. 196.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESides201491–93,_105-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESides201491–93,_105_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSides2014">Sides 2014</a>, pp. 91–93, 105.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENewcomb188223-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENewcomb188223_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNewcomb1882">Newcomb 1882</a>, p. 23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENewcomb1882106–107-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENewcomb1882106–107_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNewcomb1882">Newcomb 1882</a>, pp. 106–107.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDe_Long1884112-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDe_Long1884112_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDe_Long1884">De Long 1884</a>, p. 112.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDe_Long188482-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDe_Long188482_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDe_Long1884">De Long 1884</a>, p. 82.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuttridge198898-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuttridge198898_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGuttridge1988">Guttridge 1988</a>, p. 98.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESides2014161–195-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESides2014161–195_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSides2014">Sides 2014</a>, pp. 161–195.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuttridge1988172–174-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuttridge1988172–174_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/why-an-1879-voyage-is-a-time-machine-for-climate-change-1406937914">the original</a> on 8 November 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Why+an+1879+Voyage+Is+a+Time+Machine+for+Climate+Change&rft.date=2014-08-01&rft.aulast=Sides&rft.aufirst=Hampton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Fwhy-an-1879-voyage-is-a-time-machine-for-climate-change-1406937914&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUSS+Jeannette+%281878%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGertcyk2015" class="citation news cs1">Gertcyk, Olga (23 February 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://siberiantimes.com/other/others/features/f0064-russian-plan-to-locate-and-raise-the-wreck-of-schooner-uss-jeannette-in-arctic-waters/">"Russian plan to locate and raise the wreck of schooner USS Jeannette in Arctic waters"</a>. <i>The Siberian Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Siberian+Times&rft.atitle=Russian+plan+to+locate+and+raise+the+wreck+of+schooner+USS+Jeannette+in+Arctic+waters&rft.date=2015-02-23&rft.aulast=Gertcyk&rft.aufirst=Olga&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsiberiantimes.com%2Fother%2Fothers%2Ffeatures%2Ff0064-russian-plan-to-locate-and-raise-the-wreck-of-schooner-uss-jeannette-in-arctic-waters%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUSS+Jeannette+%281878%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRiley2019" class="citation news cs1">Riley, Brendan (8 December 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesheraldonline.com/2019/12/08/brendan-rileys-solano-chronicles-lure-of-the-arctic-led-to-uss-jeannette-disaster">"Brendan Riley's Solano Chronicles: Lure of the Arctic led to USS Jeannette Disaster"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Vallejo_Times-Herald" class="mw-redirect" title="Vallejo Times-Herald">Vallejo Times-Herald</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vallejo+Times-Herald&rft.atitle=Brendan+Riley%27s+Solano+Chronicles%3A+Lure+of+the+Arctic+led+to+USS+Jeannette+Disaster&rft.date=2019-12-08&rft.aulast=Riley&rft.aufirst=Brendan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesheraldonline.com%2F2019%2F12%2F08%2Fbrendan-rileys-solano-chronicles-lure-of-the-arctic-led-to-uss-jeannette-disaster&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUSS+Jeannette+%281878%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=USS_Jeannette_(1878)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFColeman2007" class="citation book cs1">Coleman, E. (2007). <i>The Royal Navy and Polar Exploration</i>. Stroud: <a href="/wiki/Tempus_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Tempus Publishing">Tempus</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780752442075" title="Special:BookSources/9780752442075"><bdi>9780752442075</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Royal+Navy+and+Polar+Exploration&rft.place=Stroud&rft.pub=Tempus&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9780752442075&rft.aulast=Coleman&rft.aufirst=E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUSS+Jeannette+%281878%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDe_Long1884" class="citation book cs1">De Long, E., ed. (1884). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cihm_14145"><i>The Voyage of the Jeannette</i></a>. Boston: <a href="/wiki/Houghton_Mifflin" class="mw-redirect" title="Houghton Mifflin">Houghton Mifflin</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780665141454" title="Special:BookSources/9780665141454"><bdi>9780665141454</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/906090766">906090766</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Voyage+of+the+Jeannette&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin&rft.date=1884&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F906090766&rft.isbn=9780665141454&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcihm_14145&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUSS+Jeannette+%281878%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNewcomb1882" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Lee_Newcomb" title="Raymond Lee Newcomb">Newcomb, R.</a>, ed. (1882). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ourlostexplorers00blis"><i>Our Lost Explorers</i></a>. Hartford: <a href="/wiki/American_Publishing_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="American Publishing Company">Am. Pub. Co.</a> <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1050243399">1050243399</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Our+Lost+Explorers&rft.place=Hartford&rft.pub=Am.+Pub.+Co.&rft.date=1882&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1050243399&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fourlostexplorers00blis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUSS+Jeannette+%281878%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFleming2002" class="citation book cs1">Fleming, F. (2002). <i>Ninety Degrees North</i>. London: <a href="/wiki/Granta_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="Granta Books">Granta</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781862075351" title="Special:BookSources/9781862075351"><bdi>9781862075351</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ninety+Degrees+North&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Granta&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9781862075351&rft.aulast=Fleming&rft.aufirst=F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUSS+Jeannette+%281878%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuttridge1988" class="citation book cs1">Guttridge, L. (1988). <i>Icebound</i>. Shrewsbury: Airlife. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781853100062" title="Special:BookSources/9781853100062"><bdi>9781853100062</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Icebound&rft.place=Shrewsbury&rft.pub=Airlife&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=9781853100062&rft.aulast=Guttridge&rft.aufirst=L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUSS+Jeannette+%281878%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSides2014" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hampton_Sides" title="Hampton Sides">Sides, H.</a> (2014). <a href="/wiki/In_the_Kingdom_of_Ice" title="In the Kingdom of Ice"><i>In the Kingdom of Ice</i></a>. London: <a href="/wiki/Oneworld_Publications" title="Oneworld Publications">Oneworld</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781780745213" title="Special:BookSources/9781780745213"><bdi>9781780745213</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+the+Kingdom+of+Ice&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Oneworld&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9781780745213&rft.aulast=Sides&rft.aufirst=H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUSS+Jeannette+%281878%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=USS_Jeannette_(1878)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.history.navy.mil/our-collections/photography/numerical-list-of-images/nhhc-series/nh-series/NH-52000.html">USS <i>Jeannette</i></a> at history.navy.mil</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archives-manuscripts.dartmouth.edu/repositories/2/resources/1134">Jefferson Brown Arctic Sketches</a> at Dartmouth College Library</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archives-manuscripts.dartmouth.edu/repositories/2/resources/1023">Giles Harber Papers on the "Jeannette"</a> at Dartmouth College Library</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archives-manuscripts.dartmouth.edu/repositories/2/resources/3570">"Jeanette" Expedition Collection</a> at Dartmouth College Library</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Arctic" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Arctic_exploration" title="Arctic exploration">Arctic</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="*_Ocean_*_History_*_Expeditions_*_Research_stations"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arctic_Ocean" title="Arctic Ocean">Ocean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arctic_exploration" title="Arctic exploration">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Arctic_expeditions" title="List of Arctic expeditions">Expeditions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_research_stations_in_the_Arctic" title="List of research stations in the Arctic">Research stations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Farthest_North" title="Farthest North">Farthest North</a><br /><a href="/wiki/North_Pole" title="North Pole">North Pole</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Willem_Barentsz" title="Willem Barentsz">Barentsz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_van_Heemskerck" title="Jacob van Heemskerck">Heemskerck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Hudson" title="Henry Hudson">Hudson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Marmaduke" title="Thomas Marmaduke">Marmaduke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joris_Carolus" title="Joris Carolus">Carolus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Edward_Parry" title="William Edward Parry">Parry</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/North_magnetic_pole" title="North magnetic pole">North magnetic pole</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Ross_(Royal_Navy_officer)" title="John Ross (Royal Navy officer)">J. Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Clark_Ross" title="James Clark Ross">J. C. Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Abernethy_(explorer)" title="Thomas Abernethy (explorer)">Abernethy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisha_Kent_Kane" title="Elisha Kent Kane">Kane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Israel_Hayes" title="Isaac Israel Hayes">Hayes</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Polaris_expedition" title="Polaris expedition"><i>Polaris</i> expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/USS_Polaris_(1871)" title="USS Polaris (1871)"><i>Polaris</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Francis_Hall" title="Charles Francis Hall">C. F. Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emil_Bessels" title="Emil Bessels">Bessels</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/British_Arctic_Expedition" title="British Arctic Expedition">British Arctic Expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Alert_(1856)" title="HMS Alert (1856)">HMS <i>Alert</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Nares" title="George Nares">Nares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Discovery_(1874)" title="HMS Discovery (1874)">HMS <i>Discovery</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Frederick_Stephenson" title="Henry Frederick Stephenson">Stephenson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Hastings_Markham" title="Albert Hastings Markham">Markham</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Lady_Franklin_Bay_Expedition" title="Lady Franklin Bay Expedition">Lady Franklin Bay Expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adolphus_Greely" title="Adolphus Greely">Greely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_B._Lockwood" title="James B. Lockwood">Lockwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_L._Brainard" title="David L. Brainard">Brainard</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Nansen%27s_Fram_expedition" title="Nansen's Fram expedition">Nansen's <i>Fram</i> expedition</a></b> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Fram_(ship)" title="Fram (ship)">Fram</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fridtjof_Nansen" title="Fridtjof Nansen">Nansen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hjalmar_Johansen" title="Hjalmar Johansen">Johansen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Sverdrup" title="Otto Sverdrup">Sverdrup</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_(1881_ship)" title="Jason (1881 ship)"><i>Jason</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Luigi_Amedeo,_Duke_of_the_Abruzzi" title="Prince Luigi Amedeo, Duke of the Abruzzi">Amedeo</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9e%27s_Arctic_balloon_expedition" title="Andrée's Arctic balloon expedition">Andrée's balloon expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salomon_August_Andr%C3%A9e" title="Salomon August Andrée">S. A. Andrée</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Cook" title="Frederick Cook">F. Cook</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/SS_Roosevelt_(1905)" title="SS Roosevelt (1905)">SS <i>Roosevelt</i></a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Peary" title="Robert Peary">Peary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Henson" title="Matthew Henson">Henson</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgy_Sedov" title="Georgy Sedov">Sedov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_E._Byrd" title="Richard E. Byrd">Byrd</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Norge_(airship)" title="Norge (airship)"><i>Norge</i></a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen">Amundsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umberto_Nobile" title="Umberto Nobile">Nobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Wisting" title="Oscar Wisting">Wisting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hjalmar_Riiser-Larsen" title="Hjalmar Riiser-Larsen">Riiser-Larsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Ellsworth" title="Lincoln Ellsworth">Ellsworth</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Italia_(airship)" title="Italia (airship)"><i>Italia</i></a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_O-12_(SS-73)" class="mw-redirect" title="USS O-12 (SS-73)"><i><b>Nautilus</b></i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hubert_Wilkins" title="Hubert Wilkins">Wilkins</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_ANT-25" title="Tupolev ANT-25">ANT-25</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Valery_Chkalov" title="Valery Chkalov">Chkalov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgy_Baydukov" title="Georgy Baydukov">Baydukov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Vasilyevich_Belyakov" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander Vasilyevich Belyakov">Belyakov</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Drifting_ice_station" title="Drifting ice station">Drifting ice stations</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/North_Pole-1" title="North Pole-1">NP-1</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Papanin" title="Ivan Papanin">Papanin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Shirshov" title="Pyotr Shirshov">Shirshov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yevgeny_Fyodorov_(scientist)" title="Yevgeny Fyodorov (scientist)">E. Fyodorov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Krenkel" title="Ernst Krenkel">Krenkel</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/North_Pole-36" title="North Pole-36">NP-36</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/North_Pole-37" title="North Pole-37">NP-37</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Georgiy_Sedov_(1908_icebreaker)" title="Georgiy Sedov (1908 icebreaker)"><i>Georgiy Sedov</i></a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Badygin" title="Konstantin Badygin">Badygin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Wiese" title="Vladimir Wiese">Wiese</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/USS_Nautilus_(SSN-571)" title="USS Nautilus (SSN-571)">USS <i>Nautilus</i></a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Skate_(SSN-578)" title="USS Skate (SSN-578)">USS <i>Skate</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Plaisted" title="Ralph Plaisted">Plaisted</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wally_Herbert" title="Wally Herbert">Herbert</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Arktika_(1972_icebreaker)" title="Arktika (1972 icebreaker)">NS <i>Arktika</i></a></b></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Barneo" title="Barneo">Barneo</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Arktika_2007" title="Arktika 2007">Arktika 2007</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mir_(submersible)" title="Mir (submersible)"><i>Mir</i> submersibles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatoly_Sagalevich" title="Anatoly Sagalevich">Sagalevich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artur_Chilingarov" title="Artur Chilingarov">Chilingarov</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pytheas" title="Pytheas">Pytheas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brendan_the_Navigator" title="Brendan the Navigator">Brendan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Papar" title="Papar">Papar</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Viking_expansion" title="Viking expansion">Vikings</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naddodd" title="Naddodd">Naddodd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gar%C3%B0ar_Svavarsson" title="Garðar Svavarsson">Garðar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ing%C3%B3lfr_Arnarson" title="Ingólfr Arnarson">Ingólfr</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Norse_colonization_of_North_America" title="Norse colonization of North America">Norse colonization of North America</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunnbj%C3%B6rn_Ulfsson" title="Gunnbjörn Ulfsson">Gunnbjörn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sn%C3%A6bj%C3%B6rn_galti" title="Snæbjörn galti">Snæbjörn galti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erik_the_Red" title="Erik the Red">Erik the Red</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Christian_IV%27s_expeditions_to_Greenland" title="Christian IV's expeditions to Greenland">Christian IV's expeditions</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Hall_(explorer)" title="James Hall (explorer)">J. Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Cunningham_(explorer)" title="John Cunningham (explorer)">Cunningham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godske_Lindenov" title="Godske Lindenov">Lindenov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carsten_Richardson" title="Carsten Richardson">C. Richardson</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Danish_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="Danish colonization of the Americas">Danish colonization</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Egede" title="Hans Egede">Egede</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Scoresby" title="William Scoresby">Scoresby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_(1881_ship)" title="Jason (1881 ship)"><i>Jason</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fridtjof_Nansen" title="Fridtjof Nansen">Nansen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Sverdrup" title="Otto Sverdrup">Sverdrup</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Peary" title="Robert Peary">Peary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knud_Rasmussen" title="Knud Rasmussen">Rasmussen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Passage" title="Northwest Passage">Northwest Passage</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Northern_Canada" title="Northern Canada">Northern Canada</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Cabot" title="John Cabot">Cabot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaspar_Corte-Real" title="Gaspar Corte-Real">G. Corte-Real</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_Corte-Real" title="Miguel Corte-Real">M. Corte-Real</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Frobisher" title="Martin Frobisher">Frobisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humphrey_Gilbert" title="Humphrey Gilbert">Gilbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Davis_(explorer)" title="John Davis (explorer)">Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Hudson" title="Henry Hudson">Hudson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discovery_(1602_ship)" title="Discovery (1602 ship)"><i>Discovery</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bylot" title="Robert Bylot">Bylot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Baffin" title="William Baffin">Baffin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jens_Munk" title="Jens Munk">Munk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Fyodorov_(navigator)" title="Ivan Fyodorov (navigator)">I. Fyodorov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Resolution_(1771)" title="HMS Resolution (1771)">HMS <i>Resolution</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Cook" title="James Cook">J. Cook</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Discovery_(1774)" title="HMS Discovery (1774)">HMS <i>Discovery</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Clerke" title="Charles Clerke">Clerke</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Mackenzie_(explorer)" title="Alexander Mackenzie (explorer)">Mackenzie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_von_Kotzebue" title="Otto von Kotzebue">Kotzebue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ross_(Royal_Navy_officer)" title="John Ross (Royal Navy officer)">J. Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Griper_(1813)" title="HMS Griper (1813)">HMS <i>Griper</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Edward_Parry" title="William Edward Parry">Parry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Hecla_(1815)" title="HMS Hecla (1815)">HMS <i>Hecla</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Francis_Lyon" title="George Francis Lyon">Lyon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Fury_(1814)" title="HMS Fury (1814)">HMS <i>Fury</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Parkyns_Hoppner" title="Henry Parkyns Hoppner">Hoppner</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Crozier" title="Francis Crozier">Crozier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Clark_Ross" title="James Clark Ross">J. C. Ross</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Coppermine_expedition" title="Coppermine expedition">Coppermine expedition</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Franklin" title="John Franklin">Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Back" title="George Back">Back</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Warren_Dease" title="Peter Warren Dease">Dease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Simpson_(explorer)" title="Thomas Simpson (explorer)">Simpson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Blossom_(1806)" title="HMS Blossom (1806)">HMS <i>Blossom</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_William_Beechey" title="Frederick William Beechey">Beechey</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Franklin%27s_lost_expedition" title="Franklin's lost expedition">Franklin's lost expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Erebus_(1826)" title="HMS Erebus (1826)">HMS <i>Erebus</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Terror_(1813)" title="HMS Terror (1813)">HMS <i>Terror</i></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Collinson" title="Richard Collinson">Collinson</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Rae%E2%80%93Richardson_Arctic_expedition" title="Rae–Richardson Arctic expedition">Rae–Richardson expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Rae_(explorer)" title="John Rae (explorer)">Rae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Richardson_(naturalist)" title="John Richardson (naturalist)">J. Richardson</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horatio_Thomas_Austin" title="Horatio Thomas Austin">Austin</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/McClure_Arctic_expedition" title="McClure Arctic expedition">McClure expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Investigator_(1848)" title="HMS Investigator (1848)">HMS <i>Investigator</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_McClure" title="Robert McClure">McClure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Resolute_(1850)" title="HMS Resolute (1850)">HMS <i>Resolute</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Kellett" title="Henry Kellett">Kellett</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Belcher" title="Edward Belcher">Belcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Kennedy_(explorer)" title="William Kennedy (explorer)">Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Ren%C3%A9_Bellot" title="Joseph René Bellot">Bellot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabel_(1850_ship)" title="Isabel (1850 ship)"><i>Isabel</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Augustus_Inglefield" title="Edward Augustus Inglefield">Inglefield</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Second_Grinnell_expedition" title="Second Grinnell expedition">2nd Grinnell expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/USS_Advance_(1847)" title="USS Advance (1847)">USS <i>Advance</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisha_Kent_Kane" title="Elisha Kent Kane">Kane</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_(ship)" title="Fox (ship)"><i>Fox</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_McClintock" title="Leopold McClintock">McClintock</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">HMS <i>Pandora</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allen_Young" title="Allen Young">Young</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fram_(ship)" title="Fram (ship)">Fram</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Sverdrup" title="Otto Sverdrup">Sverdrup</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Gj%C3%B8a" title="Gjøa">Gjøa</a></b></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen">Amundsen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knud_Rasmussen" title="Knud Rasmussen">Rasmussen</a></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Last_voyage_of_the_Karluk" title="Last voyage of the Karluk">Karluk</a></b></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vilhjalmur_Stefansson" title="Vilhjalmur Stefansson">Stefansson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bartlett_(explorer)" title="Robert Bartlett (explorer)">Bartlett</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/St._Roch_(ship)" title="St. Roch (ship)"><i>St. Roch</i></a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Larsen_(explorer)" title="Henry Larsen (explorer)">H. Larsen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Scott_Cowper" title="David Scott Cowper">Cowper</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Sea_Route" title="Northern Sea Route">North East Passage</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Far_North_(Russia)" title="Far North (Russia)">Russian Arctic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Pomors" title="Pomors">Pomors</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koch_(boat)" title="Koch (boat)">Koch boats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Willoughby" title="Hugh Willoughby">Willoughby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Chancellor" title="Richard Chancellor">Chancellor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willem_Barentsz" title="Willem Barentsz">Barentsz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_van_Heemskerck" title="Jacob van Heemskerck">Heemskerck</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Mangazeya" title="Mangazeya">Mangazeya</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Hudson" title="Henry Hudson">Hudson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonas_Poole" title="Jonas Poole">Poole</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Siberian_Cossacks" title="Siberian Cossacks">Siberian Cossacks</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilya_Perfilyev" title="Ilya Perfilyev">Perfilyev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Stadukhin" title="Mikhail Stadukhin">Stadukhin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semyon_Dezhnev" title="Semyon Dezhnev">Dezhnev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fedot_Alekseyevich_Popov" title="Fedot Alekseyevich Popov">Popov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurbat_Ivanov" title="Kurbat Ivanov">Ivanov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merkury_Vagin" title="Merkury Vagin">Vagin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakov_Permyakov" title="Yakov Permyakov">Permyakov</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Great_Northern_Expedition" title="Great Northern Expedition">Great Northern Expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vitus_Bering" title="Vitus Bering">Bering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksei_Chirikov" title="Aleksei Chirikov">Chirikov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stepan_Malygin" title="Stepan Malygin">Malygin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Ovtsyn" title="Dmitry Ovtsyn">Ovtsyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fyodor_Minin" title="Fyodor Minin">Minin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasili_Pronchishchev" title="Vasili Pronchishchev">V. Pronchishchev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Pronchishcheva" title="Maria Pronchishcheva">M. Pronchishcheva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semyon_Chelyuskin" title="Semyon Chelyuskin">Chelyuskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khariton_Laptev" title="Khariton Laptev">Kh. Laptev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Laptev" title="Dmitry Laptev">D. Laptev</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasily_Chichagov" title="Vasily Chichagov">Chichagov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Lyakhov" title="Ivan Lyakhov">Lyakhov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Billings" title="Joseph Billings">Billings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakov_Sannikov" title="Yakov Sannikov">Sannikov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matvei_Gedenshtrom" title="Matvei Gedenshtrom">Gedenshtrom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_von_Wrangel" title="Ferdinand von Wrangel">Wrangel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fyodor_Matyushkin" title="Fyodor Matyushkin">Matyushkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Anjou" title="Pyotr Anjou">Anjou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Benjamin_von_L%C3%BCtke" title="Friedrich Benjamin von Lütke">Litke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Lavrov" title="Mikhail Lavrov">Lavrov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Pakhtusov" title="Pyotr Pakhtusov">Pakhtusov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avgust_Tsivolko" title="Avgust Tsivolko">Tsivolko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_von_Middendorff" title="Alexander von Middendorff">Middendorff</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_North_Pole_expedition" title="Austro-Hungarian North Pole expedition">Austro-Hungarian Expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Weyprecht" title="Karl Weyprecht">Weyprecht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_von_Payer" title="Julius von Payer">Payer</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Vega_Expedition" title="Vega Expedition"><i>Vega</i> Expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Erik_Nordenski%C3%B6ld" title="Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld">A. E. Nordenskiöld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Palander" title="Louis Palander">Palander</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Jeannette_expedition" title="Jeannette expedition"><i>Jeannette</i> expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">USS <i>Jeannette</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._De_Long" title="George W. De Long">De Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Melville" title="George W. Melville">Melville</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Yermak_(1898_icebreaker)" title="Yermak (1898 icebreaker)"><i>Yermak</i></a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stepan_Makarov" title="Stepan Makarov">Makarov</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Zarya_(polar_ship)" title="Zarya (polar ship)"><i>Zarya</i></a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_von_Toll" title="Eduard von Toll">Toll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Kolomeitsev" title="Nikolai Kolomeitsev">Kolomeitsev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fyodor_Matisen" title="Fyodor Matisen">Matisen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Kolchak" title="Alexander Kolchak">Kolchak</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgy_Sedov" title="Georgy Sedov">Sedov</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Rusanov_expedition" title="Rusanov expedition">Rusanov expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Rusanov" title="Vladimir Rusanov">Rusanov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Kuchin" title="Alexander Kuchin">Kuchin</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Brusilov_expedition" title="Brusilov expedition">Brusilov expedition</a></b> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Svyataya_Anna" title="Svyataya Anna">Sv. Anna</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgy_Brusilov" title="Georgy Brusilov">Brusilov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valerian_Albanov" title="Valerian Albanov">Albanov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Konrad" title="Alexander Konrad">Konrad</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Wiese" title="Vladimir Wiese">Wiese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Nag%C3%B3rski" title="Jan Nagórski">Nagórski</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Taymyr_(1909_icebreaker)" title="Taymyr (1909 icebreaker)"><i>Taymyr</i></a></b> / <b><a href="/wiki/Vaygach_(1909_icebreaker)" title="Vaygach (1909 icebreaker)"><i>Vaygach</i></a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boris_Vilkitsky" title="Boris Vilkitsky">Vilkitsky</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Maud_(ship)" title="Maud (ship)"><i>Maud</i></a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen">Amundsen</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Arctic_and_Antarctic_Research_Institute" title="Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute">AARI</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Samoylovich" title="Rudolf Samoylovich">Samoylovich</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikifor_Begichev" title="Nikifor Begichev">Begichev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Urvantsev" title="Nikolay Urvantsev">Urvantsev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadko_(1913_icebreaker)" title="Sadko (1913 icebreaker)"><i>Sadko</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Georgy_Ushakov" title="Georgy Ushakov">Ushakov</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Chief_Directorate_of_the_Northern_Sea_Route" title="Chief Directorate of the Northern Sea Route">Glavsevmorput</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Schmidt" title="Otto Schmidt">Schmidt</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Aviaarktika" title="Aviaarktika">Aviaarktika</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Shevelev" title="Mark Shevelev">Shevelev</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._Sibiryakov_(icebreaker)" title="A. Sibiryakov (icebreaker)"><i>A. Sibiryakov</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Voronin_(captain)" title="Vladimir Voronin (captain)">Voronin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Chelyuskin" title="SS Chelyuskin"><i>Chelyuskin</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krassin_(1916_icebreaker)" title="Krassin (1916 icebreaker)"><i>Krassin</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakov_Gakkel" title="Yakov Gakkel">Gakkel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear-powered_icebreaker" title="Nuclear-powered icebreaker">Nuclear-powered icebreakers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lenin_(1957_icebreaker)" title="Lenin (1957 icebreaker)"><i>Lenin</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arktika-class_icebreaker" title="Arktika-class icebreaker"><i>Arktika</i>-class</a> <a href="/wiki/Icebreaker" title="Icebreaker">icebreaker</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Antarctic" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Antarctic_exploration" class="mw-redirect" title="Antarctic exploration">Antarctic</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="*_Continent_*_History_*_Expeditions"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica">Continent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Antarctica" title="History of Antarctica">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Antarctic_expeditions" title="List of Antarctic expeditions">Expeditions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Ocean" title="Southern Ocean">Antarctic/Southern Ocean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_de_la_Roch%C3%A9" title="Anthony de la Roché">Roché</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Charles_Bouvet_de_Lozier" title="Jean-Baptiste Charles Bouvet de Lozier">Bouvet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yves-Joseph_de_Kerguelen-Tr%C3%A9marec" title="Yves-Joseph de Kerguelen-Trémarec">Kerguelen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Resolution_(1771)" title="HMS Resolution (1771)">HMS <i>Resolution</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Cook" title="James Cook">J. Cook</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Adventure_(1771)" title="HMS Adventure (1771)">HMS <i>Adventure</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tobias_Furneaux" title="Tobias Furneaux">Furneaux</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Smith_(mariner)" title="William Smith (mariner)">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Telmo_(Spanish_ship)" class="mw-redirect" title="San Telmo (Spanish ship)"><i>San Telmo</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vostok_(sloop-of-war)" title="Vostok (sloop-of-war)"><i>Vostok</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fabian_Gottlieb_von_Bellingshausen" title="Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen">Bellingshausen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirny_(sloop-of-war)" title="Mirny (sloop-of-war)"><i>Mirny</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Lazarev" title="Mikhail Lazarev">Lazarev</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Bransfield" title="Edward Bransfield">Bransfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Palmer" title="Nathaniel Palmer">Palmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Davis_(sealer)" title="John Davis (sealer)">Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Weddell" title="James Weddell">Weddell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Morrell" title="Benjamin Morrell">Morrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_ship_Astrolabe_(1811)" title="French ship Astrolabe (1811)"><i>Astrolabe</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Dumont_d%27Urville" title="Jules Dumont d'Urville">Dumont d'Urville</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/United_States_Exploring_Expedition" title="United States Exploring Expedition">United States Exploring Expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/USS_Vincennes_(1826)" title="USS Vincennes (1826)">USS <i>Vincennes</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Wilkes" title="Charles Wilkes">Wilkes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Porpoise_(1836)" title="USS Porpoise (1836)">USS <i>Porpoise</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cadwalader_Ringgold" title="Cadwalader Ringgold">Ringgold</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ross_expedition" title="Ross expedition">Ross expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Erebus_(1826)" title="HMS Erebus (1826)">HMS <i>Erebus</i></a> (<a href="/wiki/James_Clark_Ross" title="James Clark Ross">J. C. Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Abernethy_(explorer)" title="Thomas Abernethy (explorer)">Abernethy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Terror_(1813)" title="HMS Terror (1813)">HMS <i>Terror</i></a> (<a href="/wiki/Francis_Crozier" title="Francis Crozier">Crozier</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercator_Cooper" title="Mercator Cooper">Cooper</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Challenger_expedition" title="Challenger expedition">Challenger expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Challenger_(1858)" title="HMS Challenger (1858)">HMS <i>Challenger</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Nares" title="George Nares">Nares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Murray_(oceanographer)" title="John Murray (oceanographer)">Murray</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_(1881_ship)" title="Jason (1881 ship)"><i>Jason</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Anton_Larsen" title="Carl Anton Larsen">C. A. Larsen</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">"</span><a href="/wiki/Heroic_Age_of_Antarctic_Exploration" title="Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration">Heroic Age</a><span class="nobold">"</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Belgian_Antarctic_Expedition" title="Belgian Antarctic Expedition">Belgian Antarctic Expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RV_Belgica_(1884)" title="RV Belgica (1884)"><i>Belgica</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrien_de_Gerlache" title="Adrien de Gerlache">de Gerlache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Lecointe_(explorer)" title="Georges Lecointe (explorer)">Lecointe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen">Amundsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Cook" title="Frederick Cook">Cook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henryk_Arctowski" title="Henryk Arctowski">Arctowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emil_Racovi%C8%9B%C4%83" title="Emil Racoviță">Racoviță</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoni_Boles%C5%82aw_Dobrowolski" title="Antoni Bolesław Dobrowolski">Dobrowolski</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Southern_Cross_Expedition" title="Southern Cross Expedition">Southern Cross</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SS_Southern_Cross_(1886)" title="SS Southern Cross (1886)"><i>Southern Cross</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carsten_Borchgrevink" title="Carsten Borchgrevink">Borchgrevink</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Discovery_Expedition" title="Discovery Expedition">Discovery</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RRS_Discovery" title="RRS Discovery"><i>Discovery</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discovery_Hut" title="Discovery Hut">Discovery Hut</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Gauss_expedition" title="Gauss expedition">Gauss</a></b> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Gauss_(ship)" title="Gauss (ship)">Gauss</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erich_von_Drygalski" title="Erich von Drygalski">Drygalski</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Antarctic_Expedition" title="Swedish Antarctic Expedition">Swedish Antarctic Expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antarctic_(ship)" title="Antarctic (ship)"><i>Antarctic</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Nordenskj%C3%B6ld" title="Otto Nordenskjöld">O. Nordenskjöld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Anton_Larsen" title="Carl Anton Larsen">C. A. Larsen</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Scottish_National_Antarctic_Expedition" title="Scottish National Antarctic Expedition">Scottish Antarctic Expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Speirs_Bruce" title="William Speirs Bruce">Bruce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotia_(barque)" title="Scotia (barque)"><i>Scotia</i></a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Orcadas_Base" title="Orcadas Base">Orcadas Base</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Nimrod_Expedition" title="Nimrod Expedition">Nimrod Expedition</a></b> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Nimrod_(1867_ship)" title="Nimrod (1867 ship)">Nimrod</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/French_Antarctic_Expedition" title="French Antarctic Expedition">French Antarctic Expeditions</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pourquoi-Pas_(1908)" title="Pourquoi-Pas (1908)"><i>Pourquoi-Pas</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Charcot" title="Jean-Baptiste Charcot">Charcot</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Antarctic_Expedition" title="Japanese Antarctic Expedition">Japanese Antarctic Expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nobu_Shirase" title="Nobu Shirase">Shirase</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Amundsen%27s_South_Pole_expedition" title="Amundsen's South Pole expedition">Amundsen's South Pole expedition</a></b> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Fram_(ship)" title="Fram (ship)">Fram</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen">Amundsen</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Framheim" title="Framheim">Framheim</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Polheim" title="Polheim">Polheim</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Terra_Nova_Expedition" title="Terra Nova Expedition">Terra Nova</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terra_Nova_(ship)" title="Terra Nova (ship)"><i>Terra Nova</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Falcon_Scott" title="Robert Falcon Scott">Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Wilson_(explorer)" title="Edward Wilson (explorer)">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Evans,_1st_Baron_Mountevans" title="Edward Evans, 1st Baron Mountevans">E. R. Evans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Crean_(explorer)" title="Tom Crean (explorer)">Crean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lashly" title="William Lashly">Lashly</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Filchner" title="Wilhelm Filchner">Filchner</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Australasian_Antarctic_Expedition" title="Australasian Antarctic Expedition">Australasian Antarctic Expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SY_Aurora" title="SY Aurora">SY <i>Aurora</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Mawson" title="Douglas Mawson">Mawson</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Far_Eastern_Party" title="Far Eastern Party">Far Eastern Party</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Trans-Antarctic_Expedition" title="Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition">Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Endurance_(1912_ship)" title="Endurance (1912 ship)"><i>Endurance</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Shackleton" title="Ernest Shackleton">Shackleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Wild" title="Frank Wild">Wild</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Voyage_of_the_James_Caird" title="Voyage of the James Caird"><i>James Caird</i></a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ross_Sea_party" title="Ross Sea party">Ross Sea party</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aeneas_Mackintosh" title="Aeneas Mackintosh">Mackintosh</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Shackleton%E2%80%93Rowett_Expedition" title="Shackleton–Rowett Expedition">Shackleton–Rowett Expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quest_(ship)" title="Quest (ship)"><i>Quest</i></a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/International_Polar_Year" title="International Polar Year">IPY</a> · <a href="/wiki/International_Geophysical_Year" title="International Geophysical Year">IGY</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Research_stations_in_Antarctica" title="Research stations in Antarctica">Modern research</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lars_Christensen" title="Lars Christensen">Christensen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_E._Byrd" title="Richard E. Byrd">Byrd</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/British_Australian_and_New_Zealand_Antarctic_Research_Expedition" title="British Australian and New Zealand Antarctic Research Expedition">BANZARE</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/British_Graham_Land_expedition" title="British Graham Land expedition">BGLE</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Rymill" title="John Rymill">Rymill</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/New_Swabia" title="New Swabia">New Swabia</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Ritscher" title="Alfred Ritscher">Ritscher</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Operation_Tabarin" title="Operation Tabarin">Operation Tabarin</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Marr_(biologist)" title="James Marr (biologist)">Marr</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Operation_Highjump" title="Operation Highjump">Operation Highjump</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captain_Arturo_Prat_Base" title="Captain Arturo Prat Base">Captain Arturo Prat Base</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/British_Antarctic_Survey" title="British Antarctic Survey">British Antarctic Survey</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Operation_Windmill" title="Operation Windmill">Operation Windmill</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ketchum" title="Gerald Ketchum">Ketchum</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ronne_Antarctic_Research_Expedition" title="Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition">Ronne Expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Finn_Ronne" title="Finn Ronne">F. Ronne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackie_Ronne" title="Jackie Ronne">E. Ronne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Schlossbach" title="Isaac Schlossbach">Schlossbach</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Operation_Deep_Freeze" title="Operation Deep Freeze">Operation Deep Freeze</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McMurdo_Station" title="McMurdo Station">McMurdo Station</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Trans-Antarctic_Expedition" title="Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition">Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Hillary" title="Edmund Hillary">Hillary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivian_Fuchs" title="Vivian Fuchs">V. Fuchs</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Antarctic_Expedition" title="Soviet Antarctic Expedition">Soviet Antarctic Expeditions</a></b> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/1st_Soviet_Antarctic_Expedition" title="1st Soviet Antarctic Expedition">1st</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Somov" title="Mikhail Somov">Somov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Klenova" title="Maria Klenova">Klenova</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mirny_Station" title="Mirny Station">Mirny</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2nd_Soviet_Antarctic_Expedition" title="2nd Soviet Antarctic Expedition">2nd</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexey_Tryoshnikov" title="Alexey Tryoshnikov">Tryoshnikov</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/3rd_Soviet_Antarctic_Expedition" title="3rd Soviet Antarctic Expedition">3rd</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yevgeny_Tolstikov" title="Yevgeny Tolstikov">Tolstikov</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Antarctic_Treaty_System" title="Antarctic Treaty System">Antarctic Treaty System</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Transglobe_Expedition" title="Transglobe Expedition">Transglobe Expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ranulph_Fiennes" title="Ranulph Fiennes">Fiennes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_R._Burton" title="Charles R. Burton">Burton</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Lake_Vostok" title="Lake Vostok">Lake Vostok</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrey_Kapitsa" title="Andrey Kapitsa">Kapitsa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Farthest_South" title="Farthest South">Farthest South</a><br /><a href="/wiki/South_Pole" title="South Pole">South Pole</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Resolution_(1771)" title="HMS Resolution (1771)">HMS <i>Resolution</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Cook" title="James Cook">J. Cook</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Adventure_(1771)" title="HMS Adventure (1771)">HMS <i>Adventure</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tobias_Furneaux" title="Tobias Furneaux">Furneaux</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Weddell" title="James Weddell">Weddell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Erebus_(1826)" title="HMS Erebus (1826)">HMS <i>Erebus</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Clark_Ross" title="James Clark Ross">J. C. Ross</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Terror_(1813)" title="HMS Terror (1813)">HMS <i>Terror</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Crozier" title="Francis Crozier">Crozier</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Southern_Cross_Expedition" title="Southern Cross Expedition">Southern Cross</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carsten_Borchgrevink" title="Carsten Borchgrevink">Borchgrevink</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Discovery_Expedition" title="Discovery Expedition">Discovery</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Barne" title="Michael Barne">Barne</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Nimrod_Expedition" title="Nimrod Expedition">Nimrod</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Shackleton" title="Ernest Shackleton">Shackleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Wild" title="Frank Wild">Wild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Marshall" title="Eric Marshall">Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jameson_Adams" title="Jameson Adams">Adams</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/South_magnetic_pole" title="South magnetic pole">South magnetic pole</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Mawson" title="Douglas Mawson">Mawson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgeworth_David" title="Edgeworth David">David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alistair_Mackay" title="Alistair Mackay">Mackay</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Amundsen%27s_South_Pole_expedition" title="Amundsen's South Pole expedition">Amundsen's South Pole expedition</a></b> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Fram_(ship)" title="Fram (ship)">Fram</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen">Amundsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olav_Bjaaland" title="Olav Bjaaland">Bjaaland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helmer_Hanssen" title="Helmer Hanssen">Helmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sverre_Hassel" title="Sverre Hassel">Hassel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Wisting" title="Oscar Wisting">Wisting</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Polheim" title="Polheim">Polheim</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Terra_Nova_Expedition" title="Terra Nova Expedition">Terra Nova</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Falcon_Scott" title="Robert Falcon Scott">Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Evans" title="Edgar Evans">E. Evans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Oates" title="Lawrence Oates">Oates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Wilson_(explorer)" title="Edward Wilson (explorer)">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Robertson_Bowers" title="Henry Robertson Bowers">Bowers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apsley_Cherry-Garrard" title="Apsley Cherry-Garrard">Cherry-Garrard</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_E._Byrd" title="Richard E. Byrd">Byrd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernt_Balchen" title="Bernt Balchen">Balchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashley_Chadbourne_McKinley" title="Ashley Chadbourne McKinley">McKinley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_J._Dufek" title="George J. Dufek">Dufek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amundsen%E2%80%93Scott_South_Pole_Station" title="Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station">Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Hillary" title="Edmund Hillary">Hillary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivian_Fuchs" title="Vivian Fuchs">V. Fuchs</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Pole_of_Cold" title="Pole of Cold">Pole of Cold</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vostok_Station" title="Vostok Station">Vostok Station</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Pole_of_inaccessibility" title="Pole of inaccessibility">Pole of inaccessibility</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pole_of_Inaccessibility_research_station" title="Pole of Inaccessibility research station">Pole of Inaccessibility research station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yevgeny_Tolstikov" title="Yevgeny Tolstikov">Tolstikov</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_P._Crary" title="Albert P. Crary">Crary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arved_Fuchs" title="Arved Fuchs">A. Fuchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reinhold_Messner" title="Reinhold Messner">Messner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Philomel-class_gunvessels" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Philomel_class_gunvessel" title="Template:Philomel class gunvessel"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Philomel_class_gunvessel" title="Template talk:Philomel class gunvessel"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Philomel_class_gunvessel" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Philomel class gunvessel"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Philomel-class_gunvessels" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Philomel-class_gunvessel" title="Philomel-class gunvessel"><i>Philomel</i>-class gunvessels</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>Pandora</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/HMS_Nimble_(1860)" title="HMS Nimble (1860)"><i>Nimble</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/HMS_Mullett_(1860)" title="HMS Mullett (1860)"><i>Mullett</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Svyataya_Anna" title="Svyataya Anna"><i>Newport</i></a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Shipwrecks_and_maritime_incidents_in_1881" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks plainlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1881_shipwrecks" title="Template:1881 shipwrecks"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1881_shipwrecks" title="Template talk:1881 shipwrecks"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1881_shipwrecks" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1881 shipwrecks"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Shipwrecks_and_maritime_incidents_in_1881" class="hlist vevent" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="summary"><a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_1881" title="List of shipwrecks in 1881">Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in 1881</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Shipwrecks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left; padding:0 1em 0 1em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 16em;"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block; width:3.6em; text-align:right; font-weight:normal;">16 Jan:</span> <a href="/wiki/Peruvian_frigate_Apur%C3%ADmac" title="Peruvian frigate Apurímac"><i>Apurímac</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block; width:3.6em; text-align:right; font-weight:normal;">16 Jan:</span> <a href="/wiki/USS_Catawba_(1864)" title="USS Catawba (1864)"><i>Atahualpa</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block; width:3.6em; text-align:right; font-weight:normal;">16 Jan:</span> <a href="/wiki/Talism%C3%A1n_(ship)" title="Talismán (ship)"><i>Talismán</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block; width:3.6em; text-align:right; font-weight:normal;">16 Jan:</span> <i><a href="/wiki/Toro_Submarino" title="Toro Submarino">Toro Submarino</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block; width:3.6em; text-align:right; font-weight:normal;">16 Jan:</span> <a href="/wiki/BAP_Uni%C3%B3n" title="BAP Unión"><i>Unión</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block; width:3.6em; text-align:right; font-weight:normal;">17 Jan:</span> <a href="/wiki/Chilean_transport_R%C3%ADmac" title="Chilean transport Rímac"><i>Rímac</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block; width:3.6em; text-align:right; font-weight:normal;">27 Jan:</span> <a href="/wiki/PS_Eleanor_(1873)" title="PS Eleanor (1873)"><i>Eleanor</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block; width:3.6em; text-align:right; font-weight:normal;"> Jan:</span> <a href="/wiki/Jamestown_(ship)" title="Jamestown (ship)"><i>Jamestown</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block; width:3.6em; text-align:right; font-weight:normal;"> 8 Feb:</span> <a href="/wiki/Josephine_(shipwreck)" title="Josephine (shipwreck)"><i>Josephine</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block; width:3.6em; text-align:right; font-weight:normal;">10 Feb:</span> <a href="/wiki/SS_Ridge_Park" title="SS Ridge Park"><i>Ridge Park</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block; width:3.6em; text-align:right; font-weight:normal;">13 Feb:</span> <a href="/wiki/Flying_Spur_(clipper)" title="Flying Spur (clipper)"><i>Flying Spur</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block; width:3.6em; text-align:right; font-weight:normal;"> 3 Apr:</span> <a href="/wiki/SS_United_States_(1864)" title="SS United States (1864)"><i>United States</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block; width:3.6em; text-align:right; font-weight:normal;">26 Apr:</span> <a href="/wiki/HMS_Doterel_(1880)" title="HMS Doterel (1880)">HMS <i>Doterel</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block; width:3.6em; text-align:right; font-weight:normal;">30 Apr:</span> <a href="/wiki/SS_Tararua" title="SS Tararua"><i>Tararua</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block; width:3.6em; text-align:right; font-weight:normal;">10 May:</span> <a href="/wiki/Gananoque" title="Gananoque"><i>Gananoque</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block; width:3.6em; text-align:right; font-weight:normal;">24 May:</span> <a href="/wiki/Victoria_steamboat_disaster" title="Victoria steamboat disaster"><i>Victoria</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block; width:3.6em; text-align:right; font-weight:normal;">31 May:</span> <a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Nations" title="Queen of Nations"><i>Queen of Nations</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block; width:3.6em; text-align:right; font-weight:normal;">13 Jun:</span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">USS <i>Jeannette</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block; width:3.6em; text-align:right; font-weight:normal;">26 Jun:</span> <a href="/wiki/Jamestown_(ship)" title="Jamestown (ship)"><i>Jamestown</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block; width:3.6em; text-align:right; font-weight:normal;">15 Aug:</span> <i><a href="/wiki/Lisette_(German_schooner)" title="Lisette (German schooner)">Lisette</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block; width:3.6em; text-align:right; font-weight:normal;"> 5 Oct:</span> <a href="/wiki/SS_Koning_der_Nederlanden" title="SS Koning der Nederlanden"><i>Koning der Nederlanden</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block; width:3.6em; text-align:right; font-weight:normal;">14 Oct:</span> <a href="/wiki/Ganges_(1861)" title="Ganges (1861)"><i>Ganges</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block; width:3.6em; text-align:right; font-weight:normal;">25 Nov:</span> <a href="/wiki/SS_Jane_Miller" title="SS Jane Miller"><i>Jane Miller</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block; width:3.6em; text-align:right; font-weight:normal;"> 1 Dec:</span> <a href="/wiki/USS_Rodgers_(1881)" title="USS Rodgers (1881)">USS <i>Rodgers</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block; width:3.6em; text-align:right; font-weight:normal;"> Unkn:</span> <a href="/wiki/SS_Ellengowan" title="SS Ellengowan"><i>Ellengowan</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block; width:3.6em; text-align:right; font-weight:normal;"> Unkn:</span> <i><a href="/wiki/SS_City_of_London" title="SS City of London">City of London</a></i></span></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other incidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left; padding:0 1em 0 1em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 16em;"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block; width:3.6em; text-align:right; font-weight:normal;">11 Jan:</span> <a href="/wiki/Hereford_(ship)" title="Hereford (ship)"><i>Hereford</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block; width:3.6em; text-align:right; font-weight:normal;">18 Jan:</span> <a href="/wiki/HMS_Penelope_(1867)" title="HMS Penelope (1867)">HMS <i>Penelope</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block; width:3.6em; text-align:right; font-weight:normal;">18 Jan:</span> <a href="/wiki/SS_Nubia_(1854)" title="SS Nubia (1854)"><i>Shaftesbury</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block; width:3.6em; text-align:right; font-weight:normal;">20 Jan:</span> <a href="/wiki/SS_Collaroy" title="SS Collaroy"><i>Collaroy</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block; width:3.6em; text-align:right; font-weight:normal;">c. Apr:</span> <a href="/wiki/Advance_(1874)" title="Advance (1874)"><i>Advance</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block; width:3.6em; text-align:right; font-weight:normal;">c. Apr:</span> <a href="/wiki/SS_Snaefell_(1876)" title="SS Snaefell (1876)"><i>Snaefell</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block; width:3.6em; text-align:right; font-weight:normal;"> 4 Jul:</span> <a href="/wiki/SS_Britannic_(1874)" title="SS Britannic (1874)"><i>Britannic</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block; width:3.6em; text-align:right; font-weight:normal;">27 Sep:</span> <a href="/wiki/SS_Jarvis_Lord" title="SS Jarvis Lord"><i>Jarvis Lord</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block; width:3.6em; text-align:right; font-weight:normal;"> Unkn:</span> <a href="/wiki/USRC_Harriet_Lane" title="USRC Harriet Lane"><i>Elliot Ritchie</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block; width:3.6em; text-align:right; font-weight:normal;"> Unkn:</span> <a href="/wiki/SS_Ferret" title="SS Ferret"><i>Ferret</i></a></span></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist vevent" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_1880" title="List of shipwrecks in 1880">← 1880</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_1882" title="List of shipwrecks in 1882">1882 →</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2713398#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2713398#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2713398#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/159377184">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/610425/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n85290240">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb14422695g">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb14422695g">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Jeannette (loď)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ko20211122203&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007332863005171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td 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