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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><title data-react-helmet="true">Diet during pregnancy and infancy and risk of allergic or autoimmune disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis</title> <meta data-react-helmet="true" name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=5, viewport-fit=cover"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" property="og:site_name" content="scite.ai"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" property="og:type" content="website"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" property="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="twitter:site" content="@scite"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" property="title" content="Diet during pregnancy and infancy and risk of allergic or autoimmune disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" property="og:title" content="Diet during pregnancy and infancy and risk of allergic or autoimmune disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" property="twitter:title" content="Diet during pregnancy and infancy and risk of allergic or autoimmune disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" property="og:image" content="http://image.thum.io/get/ogImage/https://scite.ai/reports/diet-during-pregnancy-and-infancy-r6RPWpN?bannerClosed=true&onboardingOff=true&paywallOff=true&v=2"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" property="twitter:image" content="http://image.thum.io/get/ogImage/https://scite.ai/reports/diet-during-pregnancy-and-infancy-r6RPWpN?bannerClosed=true&onboardingOff=true&paywallOff=true&v=2"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="description" content="Supporting: 8, Contrasting: 3, Mentioning: 216 - BackgroundThere is uncertainty about the influence of diet during pregnancy and infancy on a child’s immune development. We assessed whether variations in maternal or infant diet can influence risk of allergic or autoimmune disease.Methods and findingsTwo authors selected studies, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias. Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) was used to assess certainty of findings. We searched Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Excerpta Medica dataBASE (EMBASE), Web of Science, Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and Literatura Latino Americana em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) between January 1946 and July 2013 for observational studies and until December 2017 for intervention studies that evaluated the relationship between diet during pregnancy, lactation, or the first year of life and future risk of allergic or autoimmune disease. We identified 260 original studies (964,143 participants) of milk feeding, including 1 intervention trial of breastfeeding promotion, and 173 original studies (542,672 participants) of other maternal or infant dietary exposures, including 80 trials of maternal (n = 26), infant (n = 32), or combined (n = 22) interventions. Risk of bias was high in 125 (48%) milk feeding studies and 44 (25%) studies of other dietary exposures. Evidence from 19 intervention trials suggests that oral supplementation with nonpathogenic micro-organisms (probiotics) during late pregnancy and lactation may reduce risk of eczema (Risk Ratio [RR] 0.78; 95% CI 0.68–0.90; I2 = 61%; Absolute Risk Reduction 44 cases per 1,000; 95% CI 20–64), and 6 trials suggest that fish oil supplementation during pregnancy and lactation may reduce risk of allergic sensitisation to egg (RR 0.69, 95% CI 0.53–0.90; I2 = 15%; Absolute Risk Reduction 31 cases per 1,000; 95% CI 10–47). GRADE certainty of these findings was moderate. We found weaker support for the hypotheses that breastfeeding promotion reduces risk of eczema during infancy (1 intervention trial), that longer exclusive breastfeeding is associated with reduced type 1 diabetes mellitus (28 observational studies), and that probiotics reduce risk of allergic sensitisation to cow’s milk (9 intervention trials), where GRADE certainty of findings was low. We did not find that other dietary exposures—including prebiotic supplements, maternal allergenic food avoidance, and vitamin, mineral, fruit, and vegetable intake—influence risk of allergic or autoimmune disease. For many dietary exposures, data were inconclusive or inconsistent, such that we were unable to exclude the possibility of important beneficial or harmful effects. In this comprehensive systematic review, we were not able to include more recent observational studies or verify data via direct contact with authors, and we did not evaluate measures of food diversity during infancy.ConclusionsOur findings support a relationship between maternal diet and risk of immune-mediated diseases in the child. Maternal probiotic and ..."/><meta data-react-helmet="true" property="og:description" content="Supporting: 8, Contrasting: 3, Mentioning: 216 - BackgroundThere is uncertainty about the influence of diet during pregnancy and infancy on a child’s immune development. We assessed whether variations in maternal or infant diet can influence risk of allergic or autoimmune disease.Methods and findingsTwo authors selected studies, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias. Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) was used to assess certainty of findings. We searched Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Excerpta Medica dataBASE (EMBASE), Web of Science, Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and Literatura Latino Americana em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) between January 1946 and July 2013 for observational studies and until December 2017 for intervention studies that evaluated the relationship between diet during pregnancy, lactation, or the first year of life and future risk of allergic or autoimmune disease. We identified 260 original studies (964,143 participants) of milk feeding, including 1 intervention trial of breastfeeding promotion, and 173 original studies (542,672 participants) of other maternal or infant dietary exposures, including 80 trials of maternal (n = 26), infant (n = 32), or combined (n = 22) interventions. Risk of bias was high in 125 (48%) milk feeding studies and 44 (25%) studies of other dietary exposures. Evidence from 19 intervention trials suggests that oral supplementation with nonpathogenic micro-organisms (probiotics) during late pregnancy and lactation may reduce risk of eczema (Risk Ratio [RR] 0.78; 95% CI 0.68–0.90; I2 = 61%; Absolute Risk Reduction 44 cases per 1,000; 95% CI 20–64), and 6 trials suggest that fish oil supplementation during pregnancy and lactation may reduce risk of allergic sensitisation to egg (RR 0.69, 95% CI 0.53–0.90; I2 = 15%; Absolute Risk Reduction 31 cases per 1,000; 95% CI 10–47). GRADE certainty of these findings was moderate. We found weaker support for the hypotheses that breastfeeding promotion reduces risk of eczema during infancy (1 intervention trial), that longer exclusive breastfeeding is associated with reduced type 1 diabetes mellitus (28 observational studies), and that probiotics reduce risk of allergic sensitisation to cow’s milk (9 intervention trials), where GRADE certainty of findings was low. We did not find that other dietary exposures—including prebiotic supplements, maternal allergenic food avoidance, and vitamin, mineral, fruit, and vegetable intake—influence risk of allergic or autoimmune disease. For many dietary exposures, data were inconclusive or inconsistent, such that we were unable to exclude the possibility of important beneficial or harmful effects. In this comprehensive systematic review, we were not able to include more recent observational studies or verify data via direct contact with authors, and we did not evaluate measures of food diversity during infancy.ConclusionsOur findings support a relationship between maternal diet and risk of immune-mediated diseases in the child. Maternal probiotic and ..."/><meta data-react-helmet="true" property="twitter:description" content="Supporting: 8, Contrasting: 3, Mentioning: 216 - BackgroundThere is uncertainty about the influence of diet during pregnancy and infancy on a child’s immune development. We assessed whether variations in maternal or infant diet can influence risk of allergic or autoimmune disease.Methods and findingsTwo authors selected studies, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias. Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) was used to assess certainty of findings. We searched Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Excerpta Medica dataBASE (EMBASE), Web of Science, Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and Literatura Latino Americana em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) between January 1946 and July 2013 for observational studies and until December 2017 for intervention studies that evaluated the relationship between diet during pregnancy, lactation, or the first year of life and future risk of allergic or autoimmune disease. We identified 260 original studies (964,143 participants) of milk feeding, including 1 intervention trial of breastfeeding promotion, and 173 original studies (542,672 participants) of other maternal or infant dietary exposures, including 80 trials of maternal (n = 26), infant (n = 32), or combined (n = 22) interventions. Risk of bias was high in 125 (48%) milk feeding studies and 44 (25%) studies of other dietary exposures. Evidence from 19 intervention trials suggests that oral supplementation with nonpathogenic micro-organisms (probiotics) during late pregnancy and lactation may reduce risk of eczema (Risk Ratio [RR] 0.78; 95% CI 0.68–0.90; I2 = 61%; Absolute Risk Reduction 44 cases per 1,000; 95% CI 20–64), and 6 trials suggest that fish oil supplementation during pregnancy and lactation may reduce risk of allergic sensitisation to egg (RR 0.69, 95% CI 0.53–0.90; I2 = 15%; Absolute Risk Reduction 31 cases per 1,000; 95% CI 10–47). GRADE certainty of these findings was moderate. We found weaker support for the hypotheses that breastfeeding promotion reduces risk of eczema during infancy (1 intervention trial), that longer exclusive breastfeeding is associated with reduced type 1 diabetes mellitus (28 observational studies), and that probiotics reduce risk of allergic sensitisation to cow’s milk (9 intervention trials), where GRADE certainty of findings was low. We did not find that other dietary exposures—including prebiotic supplements, maternal allergenic food avoidance, and vitamin, mineral, fruit, and vegetable intake—influence risk of allergic or autoimmune disease. For many dietary exposures, data were inconclusive or inconsistent, such that we were unable to exclude the possibility of important beneficial or harmful effects. In this comprehensive systematic review, we were not able to include more recent observational studies or verify data via direct contact with authors, and we did not evaluate measures of food diversity during infancy.ConclusionsOur findings support a relationship between maternal diet and risk of immune-mediated diseases in the child. Maternal probiotic and ..."/><meta data-react-helmet="true" property="og:url" content="https://scite.ai/reports/diet-during-pregnancy-and-infancy-r6RPWpN"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="citation_title" content="Diet during pregnancy and infancy and risk of allergic or autoimmune disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="citation_doi" content="10.1371/journal.pmed.1002507"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="citation_author" content="Garcia‐Larsen, Vanessa"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="citation_author" content="Ierodiakonou, Despo"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="citation_author" content="Jarrold, Katharine"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="citation_author" content="Cunha, Sérgio Souza da"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="citation_author" content="Chivinge, Jennifer"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="citation_author" content="Robinson, Zoë"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="citation_author" content="Geoghegan, Natalie"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="citation_author" content="Ruparelia, Alisha"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="citation_author" content="Devani, Pooja"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="citation_author" content="Trivella, Marialena"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="citation_author" content="Leonardi‐Bee, Jo"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="citation_author" content="Boyle, Robert"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="citation_year" content="2018"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="citation_journal_title" content="PLOS Medicine"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="citation_volume" content="15"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="citation_issue" content="2"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="citation_abstract" content="BackgroundThere is uncertainty about the influence of diet during pregnancy and infancy on a child’s immune development. We assessed whether variations in maternal or infant diet can influence risk of allergic or autoimmune disease.Methods and findingsTwo authors selected studies, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias. Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) was used to assess certainty of findings. We searched Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Excerpta Medica dataBASE (EMBASE), Web of Science, Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and Literatura Latino Americana em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) between January 1946 and July 2013 for observational studies and until December 2017 for intervention studies that evaluated the relationship between diet during pregnancy, lactation, or the first year of life and future risk of allergic or autoimmune disease. We identified 260 original studies (964,143 participants) of milk feeding, including 1 intervention trial of breastfeeding promotion, and 173 original studies (542,672 participants) of other maternal or infant dietary exposures, including 80 trials of maternal (n = 26), infant (n = 32), or combined (n = 22) interventions. Risk of bias was high in 125 (48%) milk feeding studies and 44 (25%) studies of other dietary exposures. Evidence from 19 intervention trials suggests that oral supplementation with nonpathogenic micro-organisms (probiotics) during late pregnancy and lactation may reduce risk of eczema (Risk Ratio [RR] 0.78; 95% CI 0.68–0.90; I2 = 61%; Absolute Risk Reduction 44 cases per 1,000; 95% CI 20–64), and 6 trials suggest that fish oil supplementation during pregnancy and lactation may reduce risk of allergic sensitisation to egg (RR 0.69, 95% CI 0.53–0.90; I2 = 15%; Absolute Risk Reduction 31 cases per 1,000; 95% CI 10–47). GRADE certainty of these findings was moderate. We found weaker support for the hypotheses that breastfeeding promotion reduces risk of eczema during infancy (1 intervention trial), that longer exclusive breastfeeding is associated with reduced type 1 diabetes mellitus (28 observational studies), and that probiotics reduce risk of allergic sensitisation to cow’s milk (9 intervention trials), where GRADE certainty of findings was low. We did not find that other dietary exposures—including prebiotic supplements, maternal allergenic food avoidance, and vitamin, mineral, fruit, and vegetable intake—influence risk of allergic or autoimmune disease. For many dietary exposures, data were inconclusive or inconsistent, such that we were unable to exclude the possibility of important beneficial or harmful effects. In this comprehensive systematic review, we were not able to include more recent observational studies or verify data via direct contact with authors, and we did not evaluate measures of food diversity during infancy.ConclusionsOur findings support a relationship between maternal diet and risk of immune-mediated diseases in the child. Maternal probiotic and ..."/><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="citation_public_url" content="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002507"/> <link data-react-helmet="true" rel="preconnect" href="https://cdn.scite.ai" crossorigin="true"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com" crossorigin="true"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="shortcut icon" href="https://cdn.scite.ai/assets/images/favicon.ico"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="stylesheet preload prefetch" as="style" href="https://cdn.scite.ai/assets/css/line-awesome-font-awesome.min.css?v=2"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="preload" as="style" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=IBM+Plex+Sans:wght@200;300;400;500;600&display=swap"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="stylesheet" as="style" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=IBM+Plex+Sans:wght@200;300;400;500;600&display=swap" media="print" onload="this.media='all'"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="canonical" href="https://scite.ai/reports/diet-during-pregnancy-and-infancy-r6RPWpN"/> <script data-react-helmet="true" src="https://www.recaptcha.net/recaptcha/api.js?render=6LcnMGsqAAAAAJLHdGuust5QwzLk-asKPW5MWbAx"></script><script data-react-helmet="true" type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http://schema.org","@graph":[{"@id":"#issue","@type":"PublicationIssue","issueNumber":"2","datePublished":2018,"isPartOf":{"@id":"#periodical","@type":["PublicationVolume","Periodical"],"name":"PLOS Medicine","issn":["1549-1676"],"volumeNumber":"15","publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)"}},{"@type":"ScholarlyArticle","isPartOf":"#issue","description":"BackgroundThere is uncertainty about the influence of diet during pregnancy and infancy on a child’s immune development. We assessed whether variations in maternal or infant diet can influence risk of allergic or autoimmune disease.Methods and findingsTwo authors selected studies, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias. Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) was used to assess certainty of findings. We searched Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Excerpta Medica dataBASE (EMBASE), Web of Science, Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and Literatura Latino Americana em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) between January 1946 and July 2013 for observational studies and until December 2017 for intervention studies that evaluated the relationship between diet during pregnancy, lactation, or the first year of life and future risk of allergic or autoimmune disease. We identified 260 original studies (964,143 participants) of milk feeding, including 1 intervention trial of breastfeeding promotion, and 173 original studies (542,672 participants) of other maternal or infant dietary exposures, including 80 trials of maternal (n = 26), infant (n = 32), or combined (n = 22) interventions. Risk of bias was high in 125 (48%) milk feeding studies and 44 (25%) studies of other dietary exposures. Evidence from 19 intervention trials suggests that oral supplementation with nonpathogenic micro-organisms (probiotics) during late pregnancy and lactation may reduce risk of eczema (Risk Ratio [RR] 0.78; 95% CI 0.68–0.90; I2 = 61%; Absolute Risk Reduction 44 cases per 1,000; 95% CI 20–64), and 6 trials suggest that fish oil supplementation during pregnancy and lactation may reduce risk of allergic sensitisation to egg (RR 0.69, 95% CI 0.53–0.90; I2 = 15%; Absolute Risk Reduction 31 cases per 1,000; 95% CI 10–47). GRADE certainty of these findings was moderate. We found weaker support for the hypotheses that breastfeeding promotion reduces risk of eczema during infancy (1 intervention trial), that longer exclusive breastfeeding is associated with reduced type 1 diabetes mellitus (28 observational studies), and that probiotics reduce risk of allergic sensitisation to cow’s milk (9 intervention trials), where GRADE certainty of findings was low. We did not find that other dietary exposures—including prebiotic supplements, maternal allergenic food avoidance, and vitamin, mineral, fruit, and vegetable intake—influence risk of allergic or autoimmune disease. For many dietary exposures, data were inconclusive or inconsistent, such that we were unable to exclude the possibility of important beneficial or harmful effects. In this comprehensive systematic review, we were not able to include more recent observational studies or verify data via direct contact with authors, and we did not evaluate measures of food diversity during infancy.ConclusionsOur findings support a relationship between maternal diet and risk of immune-mediated diseases in the child. Maternal probiotic and ...","abstract":"BackgroundThere is uncertainty about the influence of diet during pregnancy and infancy on a child’s immune development. We assessed whether variations in maternal or infant diet can influence risk of allergic or autoimmune disease.Methods and findingsTwo authors selected studies, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias. Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) was used to assess certainty of findings. We searched Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Excerpta Medica dataBASE (EMBASE), Web of Science, Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and Literatura Latino Americana em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) between January 1946 and July 2013 for observational studies and until December 2017 for intervention studies that evaluated the relationship between diet during pregnancy, lactation, or the first year of life and future risk of allergic or autoimmune disease. We identified 260 original studies (964,143 participants) of milk feeding, including 1 intervention trial of breastfeeding promotion, and 173 original studies (542,672 participants) of other maternal or infant dietary exposures, including 80 trials of maternal (n = 26), infant (n = 32), or combined (n = 22) interventions. Risk of bias was high in 125 (48%) milk feeding studies and 44 (25%) studies of other dietary exposures. Evidence from 19 intervention trials suggests that oral supplementation with nonpathogenic micro-organisms (probiotics) during late pregnancy and lactation may reduce risk of eczema (Risk Ratio [RR] 0.78; 95% CI 0.68–0.90; I2 = 61%; Absolute Risk Reduction 44 cases per 1,000; 95% CI 20–64), and 6 trials suggest that fish oil supplementation during pregnancy and lactation may reduce risk of allergic sensitisation to egg (RR 0.69, 95% CI 0.53–0.90; I2 = 15%; Absolute Risk Reduction 31 cases per 1,000; 95% CI 10–47). GRADE certainty of these findings was moderate. We found weaker support for the hypotheses that breastfeeding promotion reduces risk of eczema during infancy (1 intervention trial), that longer exclusive breastfeeding is associated with reduced type 1 diabetes mellitus (28 observational studies), and that probiotics reduce risk of allergic sensitisation to cow’s milk (9 intervention trials), where GRADE certainty of findings was low. We did not find that other dietary exposures—including prebiotic supplements, maternal allergenic food avoidance, and vitamin, mineral, fruit, and vegetable intake—influence risk of allergic or autoimmune disease. For many dietary exposures, data were inconclusive or inconsistent, such that we were unable to exclude the possibility of important beneficial or harmful effects. In this comprehensive systematic review, we were not able to include more recent observational studies or verify data via direct contact with authors, and we did not evaluate measures of food diversity during infancy.ConclusionsOur findings support a relationship between maternal diet and risk of immune-mediated diseases in the child. Maternal probiotic and ...","sameAs":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002507","pagination":"e1002507","name":"Diet during pregnancy and infancy and risk of allergic or autoimmune disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis","headline":"Diet during pregnancy and infancy and risk of allergic or autoimmune disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis","author":["Vanessa Garcia‐Larsen","Despo Ierodiakonou","Katharine Jarrold","Sérgio Souza da Cunha","Jennifer Chivinge","Zoë Robinson","Natalie Geoghegan","Alisha Ruparelia","Pooja Devani","Marialena Trivella","Jo Leonardi‐Bee","Robert Boyle"],"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)"},"datePublished":2018}]}</script> <link data-chunk="main" rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.scite.ai/assets/dist/main.2a4a881c9257077826c8.css"> <link data-chunk="Report" rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.scite.ai/assets/dist/6901.5555e2c3b29dc5d88f29.css"> <link data-chunk="Report" rel="stylesheet" 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href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002507" tabindex="0" role="link" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow">View full text</a><span> |</span><a class="Reference__fullTextLink___p92ic Link__link___plGt2 Link__blueLink___BhE5_ Link__underline___K1Y7j Reference__fullTextLink___p92ic" tabindex="0" role="button">Cite</a></div></span></span><div class="TitlePaper__widgetContainer___xNQUF"><div class="TitlePaper__delimiter___FdQmc">|</div><div class="Notification__notificationContainer___N06uS " style="opacity:1;pointer-events:auto"><div role="button" class="Notification__notification___rIkeZ" tabindex="0"><div class="Notification__bellIcon___IKprf fa fa-bell"></div><div class="Notification__tooltip___DjoOa Tooltip__reference___hgPSY"><span class="Notification__setNotification___dsjeh">Sign up to set email alerts</span></div></div></div><span> |</span><div class="SharingWidget__container___UnD9v"><a class="SocialIcon__socialIcon___gm1fE SharingWidget__icon___Rek8d Link__link___plGt2 SocialIcon__socialIcon___gm1fE SharingWidget__icon___Rek8d" href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=scite%20Report%20-%20Diet%20during%20pregnancy%20and%20infancy%20and%20risk%20of%20allergic%20or%20autoimmune%20disease%3A%20A%20systematic%20review%20and%20meta-analysis&url=" tabindex="0" role="link" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" aria-label="https://twitter.com/scite"><i class="icon icon-twitter-new"></i></a><a class="SocialIcon__socialIcon___gm1fE SharingWidget__icon___Rek8d Link__link___plGt2 SocialIcon__socialIcon___gm1fE SharingWidget__icon___Rek8d" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=" tabindex="0" role="link" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" aria-label="https://facebook.com/sciteai"><i class="icon icon-facebook-new"></i></a><a class="SocialIcon__socialIcon___gm1fE SharingWidget__icon___Rek8d Link__link___plGt2 SocialIcon__socialIcon___gm1fE SharingWidget__icon___Rek8d" 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class="Link__link___plGt2 Link__blueLink___BhE5_" tabindex="0" href="/authors/despo-ierodiakonou-5G8yjD"><span>Despo Ierodiakonou</span></a><div class="Tooltip__reference___hgPSY"><sup class="Authors__affiliationSup___Vvflj"><a class="Link__link___plGt2 Link__blueLink___BhE5_" tabindex="0" href="/affiliations/imperial-college-london-0AKb">2</a></sup></div><span>, </span></div><div class="Authors__author___TTnHS"><a class="Link__link___plGt2 Link__blueLink___BhE5_" tabindex="0" href="/authors/katharine-jarrold-VKjE4Z"><span>Katharine Jarrold</span></a><div class="Tooltip__reference___hgPSY"><sup class="Authors__affiliationSup___Vvflj"><a class="Link__link___plGt2 Link__blueLink___BhE5_" tabindex="0" href="/affiliations/imperial-college-london-0AKb">3</a></sup></div><span> </span></div><span class="Authors__link___k07oy">et al.</span></div><div class="TitlePaper__abstractWrapper___S7D_F"><span><h2 class="Header__h2___MuBOH TitlePaper__abstract___GrSZl"><strong>Abstract:</strong>   <span>BackgroundThere is uncertainty about the influence of diet during pregnancy and infancy on a child’s immune development. We assessed whether variations in maternal or infant diet can influence risk of allergic or autoimmune disease.Methods and findingsTwo authors selected studies, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias. Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) was used to assess certainty of findings. 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d="M4.516 7.548c0.436-0.446 1.043-0.481 1.576 0l3.908 3.747 3.908-3.747c0.533-0.481 1.141-0.446 1.574 0 0.436 0.445 0.408 1.197 0 1.615-0.406 0.418-4.695 4.502-4.695 4.502-0.217 0.223-0.502 0.335-0.787 0.335s-0.57-0.112-0.789-0.335c0 0-4.287-4.084-4.695-4.502s-0.436-1.17 0-1.615z"></path></svg></div></div></div></div><div class="CheckRowCount__sectionRow___vyiE6"><label class="CheckRow__checkRow___Wumpa"><input class="fa fa-lg fa-check Checkbox__checkbox___dGd5x " type="checkbox"/><span class="CheckRow__checkRowLabel___ax_ST">Practical Messages: Where Science and Food Meet—what Do We A</span></label><span><span>1</span></span></div><div class="CheckRowCount__sectionRow___vyiE6"><label class="CheckRow__checkRow___Wumpa"><input class="fa fa-lg fa-check Checkbox__checkbox___dGd5x " type="checkbox"/><span class="CheckRow__checkRowLabel___ax_ST">Introduction</span></label><span><span>1</span></span></div><div class="CheckRowCount__sectionRow___vyiE6"><label 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class="CitationsYearBarChart__barPart___aKZ37 CitationsYearBarChart__supporting___iMyv8" style="height:NaNrem"></div><div class="CitationsYearBarChart__barPart___aKZ37 CitationsYearBarChart__contradicting___ZRgkC" style="height:NaNrem"></div><div class="CitationsYearBarChart__barPart___aKZ37 CitationsYearBarChart__mentioning___rfif5" style="height:4.8rem"></div></div></div><div class="CitationsYearBarChart__bar___QB0KQ" style="width:25%"><div class="CitationsYearBarChart__barContainer___A2gcx Tooltip__reference___hgPSY"><div class="CitationsYearBarChart__barPart___aKZ37 CitationsYearBarChart__supporting___iMyv8" style="height:NaNrem"></div><div class="CitationsYearBarChart__barPart___aKZ37 CitationsYearBarChart__contradicting___ZRgkC" style="height:NaNrem"></div><div class="CitationsYearBarChart__barPart___aKZ37 CitationsYearBarChart__mentioning___rfif5" style="height:3.8039100017307743rem"></div></div></div><div class="CitationsYearBarChart__bar___QB0KQ" style="width:25%"><div class="CitationsYearBarChart__barContainer___A2gcx Tooltip__reference___hgPSY"><div class="CitationsYearBarChart__barPart___aKZ37 CitationsYearBarChart__supporting___iMyv8" style="height:NaNrem"></div><div class="CitationsYearBarChart__barPart___aKZ37 CitationsYearBarChart__contradicting___ZRgkC" style="height:NaNrem"></div><div class="CitationsYearBarChart__barPart___aKZ37 CitationsYearBarChart__mentioning___rfif5" style="height:2.4rem"></div></div></div><div class="CitationsYearBarChart__bar___QB0KQ" style="width:25%"><div class="CitationsYearBarChart__barContainer___A2gcx Tooltip__reference___hgPSY"><div class="CitationsYearBarChart__barPart___aKZ37 CitationsYearBarChart__supporting___iMyv8" style="height:NaNrem"></div><div class="CitationsYearBarChart__barPart___aKZ37 CitationsYearBarChart__contradicting___ZRgkC" style="height:NaNrem"></div><div class="CitationsYearBarChart__barPart___aKZ37 CitationsYearBarChart__mentioning___rfif5" style="height:3.8039100017307743rem"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div aria-disabled="false" class="undefined InputRangeFilter__range___i8qUt"><span class="InputRangeFilter__hide___cvWG2 input-range__label--min"><span class="input-range__label-container InputRangeFilter__labelContainer___UOzQG">2019</span></span><div class="InputRangeFilter__track___Fdwrd input-range__track--background"><div style="left:0%;width:100%" class="InputRangeFilter__track___Fdwrd InputRangeFilter__activeTrack___Xb3wK"></div><span class="input-range__slider-container" style="position:absolute;left:0%"><span class="InputRangeFilter__label___uyn35 InputRangeFilter__labelValue___vCEiN InputRangeFilter__labelBottom___LxO3k"><span class="input-range__label-container InputRangeFilter__labelContainer___UOzQG">2019</span></span><div aria-valuemax="2022" aria-valuemin="2019" aria-valuenow="2019" class="InputRangeFilter__slider___CpeJ9" draggable="false" role="slider" tabindex="0"></div></span><span 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d="M4.516 7.548c0.436-0.446 1.043-0.481 1.576 0l3.908 3.747 3.908-3.747c0.533-0.481 1.141-0.446 1.574 0 0.436 0.445 0.408 1.197 0 1.615-0.406 0.418-4.695 4.502-4.695 4.502-0.217 0.223-0.502 0.335-0.787 0.335s-0.57-0.112-0.789-0.335c0 0-4.287-4.084-4.695-4.502s-0.436-1.17 0-1.615z"></path></svg></div></div></div></div><div class="CheckRowCount__sectionRow___vyiE6"><label class="CheckRow__checkRow___Wumpa"><input class="fa fa-lg fa-check Checkbox__checkbox___dGd5x " type="checkbox"/><span class="CheckRow__checkRowLabel___ax_ST">Article</span></label><span><span>8</span></span></div><div class="CheckRowCount__sectionRow___vyiE6"><label class="CheckRow__checkRow___Wumpa"><input class="fa fa-lg fa-check Checkbox__checkbox___dGd5x " type="checkbox"/><span class="CheckRow__checkRowLabel___ax_ST">Book</span></label><span><span>1</span></span></div></div></div></div><div class="FilterCard__filterCard___bZEVP"><div class="FilterCard__noInput___lsgWM"><div 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TypeIcon__typeIcon--mentioning___zHr8j icon-mentioning"></i></div></div><div class="Classification__rowRight___Zxitp"><span class="Classification__count___Y86vw">216</span></div></div><div class="Classification__row___s1V6w"><div class="Classification__rowLeft___VoLlX"><label class="CheckRow__checkRow___Wumpa"><input class="fa fa-lg fa-check Checkbox__checkbox___dGd5x " type="checkbox"/><span class="CheckRow__checkRowLabel___ax_ST">Contrasting</span></label><div class="Classification__rowType___282g8"><i class="undefined TypeIcon__typeIcon___USGCh icon TypeIcon__typeIcon--contradicting___BpYwd icon-contradicting"></i></div></div><div class="Classification__rowRight___Zxitp"><span class="Classification__count___Y86vw">3</span></div></div><div class="Classification__row___s1V6w"><div class="Classification__rowLeft___VoLlX"><label class="CheckRow__checkRow___Wumpa"><input class="fa fa-lg fa-check Checkbox__checkbox___dGd5x " type="checkbox"/><span 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css-0"></span><style data-emotion="css 1xc3v61-indicatorContainer">.css-1xc3v61-indicatorContainer{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-transition:color 150ms;transition:color 150ms;color:hsl(0, 0%, 80%);padding:8px;box-sizing:border-box;}.css-1xc3v61-indicatorContainer:hover{color:hsl(0, 0%, 60%);}</style><div class=" css-1xc3v61-indicatorContainer" aria-hidden="true"><style data-emotion="css 8mmkcg">.css-8mmkcg{display:inline-block;fill:currentColor;line-height:1;stroke:currentColor;stroke-width:0;}</style><svg height="20" width="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="css-8mmkcg"><path d="M4.516 7.548c0.436-0.446 1.043-0.481 1.576 0l3.908 3.747 3.908-3.747c0.533-0.481 1.141-0.446 1.574 0 0.436 0.445 0.408 1.197 0 1.615-0.406 0.418-4.695 4.502-4.695 4.502-0.217 0.223-0.502 0.335-0.787 0.335s-0.57-0.112-0.789-0.335c0 0-4.287-4.084-4.695-4.502s-0.436-1.17 0-1.615z"></path></svg></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="CitationsHeader__settingsButtonLayout___SCS1l"><button class="SettingsButton__btn___P6KmW Button__btn___k1xtO Button__btn--transparent___XnBIC Button__size--medium___yX63r Button__tiny___hya9X" aria-label="Settings button"><i class="SettingsButton__icon___w15lK fa fa-sliders-h"></i><span>Settings</span></button></div></div><div class="PapersList__citationList___nW0RR"><div style="opacity:1;pointer-events:auto"><div class="PaperCard__paperCard___Tkx_L PaperCard__card___rYfBl"><div><div><div class="Citation__citation___I7BGj Citation__citationGrid___yNzom"><div class="Citation__rightCol___rqdSW"><div class="Citation__snippetLayout___VCTXv"><div class="Snippet__snippetWrapper___pL8c1"><span><span><div>“…Supplementation studies are not conclusive, but where successful, the effect was related to pretreatment maternal and infant n ‐3 LC‐PUFA levels. A recent systematic review also indicates that n ‐3 supplementation during pregnancy and lactation may reduce food allergen sensitization <cite class="target" data-doi="10.1371/journal.pmed.1002507"></cite>…”</div></span></span></div></div><div class="Citation__citeInfo___v24kU"><span class="Citation__section___YjAW3"><b>Section</b>: Practical Messages: Where Science and Food Meet—what Do We A</span><span class="Citation__typeInfo___s7iNF"><i class="undefined TypeIcon__typeIcon___USGCh icon TypeIcon__typeIcon--mentioning___zHr8j icon-mentioning"></i><span class="Citation__citationType___LuRbr">mentioning</span><div class="Tooltip__reference___hgPSY"><div class="Citation__classificationDetails___xRtK5"><span class="Citation__classificationDetail___vPtBx">confidence: 99%</span></div></div></span></div></div><div class="Citation__actions___STMoF"><div class="Tooltip__reference___hgPSY"><i class="CopyButton__copyButton___I1ybw fa fa-copy" role="button" tabindex="0"></i></div><div class=""><i class="fa fa-2x fa-ellipsis-h DropdownMenu__dropdownMenuIcon___LGAcI"></i></div></div></div></div><div aria-hidden="true" class="PaperCard__expandingWrapper___JmHu_" style="overflow:hidden;height:0;opacity:0"><div style="width:fit-content"></div></div></div><div class="PaperCard__grid___NMQAD"><div class="PaperCard__abstractWrapper___Yq394"><div class="Paper__paper___CWi0y"><a class="Paper__title___WkJQP Link__link___plGt2 Link__bold___JGJNO Paper__title___WkJQP" href="https://scite.ai/reports/eaaci-position-paper-influence-of-V0RAZVO" tabindex="0" role="link" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><h3 class="Paper__title___WkJQP">EAACI position paper: Influence of dietary fatty acids on asthma, food allergy, and atopic dermatitis</h3></a><div class="Paper__referenceLine___quVTP"><div class="Authors__authors___uWMEz Paper__lineItem___FXrg7"><div class="Authors__author___TTnHS"><a class="Link__link___plGt2 Link__blueLink___BhE5_" tabindex="0" href="/authors/carina-venter-MVOa3E"><span>Venter</span></a><div class="Tooltip__reference___hgPSY"><sup class="Authors__affiliationSup___Vvflj"><a class="Link__link___plGt2 Link__blueLink___BhE5_" tabindex="0" href="/affiliations/university-of-colorado-denver-PAAk">1</a></sup></div><span>, </span></div><div class="Authors__author___TTnHS"><a class="Link__link___plGt2 Link__blueLink___BhE5_" tabindex="0" href="/authors/rosan-meyer-8wKw5m"><span>Meyer</span></a><div class="Tooltip__reference___hgPSY"><sup class="Authors__affiliationSup___Vvflj"><a class="Link__link___plGt2 Link__blueLink___BhE5_" tabindex="0" href="/affiliations/imperial-college-london-0AKb">2</a></sup></div><span>, </span></div><div class="Authors__author___TTnHS"><a class="Link__link___plGt2 Link__blueLink___BhE5_" tabindex="0" href="/authors/bright-i-nwaru-YZ9de2"><span>Nwaru</span></a><div class="Tooltip__reference___hgPSY"><sup class="Authors__affiliationSup___Vvflj"><a class="Link__link___plGt2 Link__blueLink___BhE5_" tabindex="0" href="/affiliations/university-of-gothenburg-OGGP">3</a></sup></div><span> </span></div><span class="Authors__link___k07oy">et al.</span><span> 2019</span></div><span class="Paper__lineItem___FXrg7"><span class="Reference__reference___AIzFu"><span><a class="Link__link___plGt2 Link__underline___K1Y7j" tabindex="0" href="/journals/allergy-YZrbL"><em>Allergy</em></a></span></span></span></div><div class="Paper__tallyLayout___k19c4"><a class="HorizontalTally__horizontalTally___gMrpx" target="_blank" href="/reports/eaaci-position-paper-influence-of-V0RAZVO"><div class="HorizontalTally__inner___AzKR8"><div class="HorizontalTally__column___d6ltY"><div class="Tooltip__reference___hgPSY"><i class="undefined TypeIcon__typeIcon___USGCh icon TypeIcon__typeIcon--publications___MBaqU icon-publications"></i><span class="HorizontalTally__count___ZuxQA">136</span></div></div><div class="HorizontalTally__column___d6ltY"><div class="Tooltip__reference___hgPSY"><i class="undefined TypeIcon__typeIcon___USGCh icon TypeIcon__typeIcon--supporting___ru3vm icon-supporting"></i><span class="HorizontalTally__count___ZuxQA">2</span></div></div><div class="HorizontalTally__column___d6ltY"><div class="Tooltip__reference___hgPSY"><i class="undefined TypeIcon__typeIcon___USGCh icon TypeIcon__typeIcon--mentioning___zHr8j icon-mentioning"></i><span class="HorizontalTally__count___ZuxQA">175</span></div></div><div class="HorizontalTally__column___d6ltY"><div class="Tooltip__reference___hgPSY"><i class="undefined TypeIcon__typeIcon___USGCh icon TypeIcon__typeIcon--contradicting___BpYwd icon-contradicting"></i><span class="HorizontalTally__count___ZuxQA">0</span></div></div></div></a></div><div class="Paper__linksLayout___Ql9Qd"><a class="Paper__link___YsYPi Link__link___plGt2 Link__blueLink___BhE5_ Link__underline___K1Y7j Paper__link___YsYPi" href="https://doi.org/10.1111/all.13764" tabindex="0" role="link" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow">View full text</a><a class="Paper__link___YsYPi Link__link___plGt2 Link__blueLink___BhE5_ Link__underline___K1Y7j Paper__link___YsYPi" tabindex="0" role="button">Add to dashboard</a><a class="Paper__link___YsYPi Link__link___plGt2 Link__blueLink___BhE5_ Link__underline___K1Y7j Paper__link___YsYPi" tabindex="0" role="button">Cite</a></div></div><div aria-hidden="true" style="overflow:hidden;height:0;opacity:0"><div style="width:auto"><p class="Abstract__abstract___V8wNr PaperCard__abstract___lR5RS Paragraph__body____m5FY"><span><span>The prevalence of allergic diseases such as allergic rhinitis, asthma, food allergy, and atopic dermatitis has increased dramatically during the last decades, which is associated with altered environmental exposures and lifestyle practices. The purpose of this review was to highlight the potential role for dietary fatty acids, in the prevention and management of these disorders. In addition to their nutritive value, fatty acids have important immunoregulatory effects. Fatty acid-associated biological mechanisms, human epidemiology, and intervention studies are summarized in this review.The influence of genetics and the microbiome on fatty acid metabolism is also discussed. Despite critical gaps in our current knowledge, it is increasingly apparent that dietary intake of fatty acids may influence the development of inflammatory and tolerogenic immune responses. However, the lack of standardized formats (ie, food versus supplement) and standardized doses, and frequently a lack of prestudy serum fatty acid level assessments in clinical studies significantly limit our ability to compare allergy outcomes across studies and to provide clear recommendations at this time.Future studies must address these limitations and individualized medical approaches should consider the inclusion of specific dietary factors for the prevention and management of asthma, food allergy, and atopic dermatitis. K E Y W O R D Sasthma, atopic dermatitis, food allergy, nutrition, rhinitis</span></span></p></div></div></div><div class="PaperCard__menu___wXkM0"><a class="PaperCard__textButton___ncs_Z" tabindex="0">show abstract</a><div class=""><i class="fa fa-2x fa-ellipsis-h DropdownMenu__dropdownMenuIcon___LGAcI"></i></div></div></div></div><div class="PapersList__paywalledCites___XIuJQ"><div class="PapersList__paperCardsLayout___dtzN9"><div class="PaperCard__paperCard___Tkx_L PaperCard__card___rYfBl"><div><div><div class="Citation__citation___I7BGj Citation__citationGrid___yNzom"><div class="Citation__rightCol___rqdSW"><div class="Citation__snippetLayout___VCTXv"><div class="Snippet__snippetWrapper___pL8c1"><span><span><div>“…Supplementation studies are not conclusive, but where successful, the effect was related to pretreatment maternal and infant n ‐3 LC‐PUFA levels. A recent systematic review also indicates that n ‐3 supplementation during pregnancy and lactation may reduce food allergen sensitization <cite class="target" data-doi="10.1371/journal.pmed.1002507"></cite>…”</div></span></span></div></div><div class="Citation__citeInfo___v24kU"><span class="Citation__section___YjAW3"><b>Section</b>: Practical Messages: Where Science and Food Meet—what Do We A</span><span class="Citation__typeInfo___s7iNF"><i class="undefined TypeIcon__typeIcon___USGCh icon TypeIcon__typeIcon--mentioning___zHr8j icon-mentioning"></i><span class="Citation__citationType___LuRbr">mentioning</span><div class="Tooltip__reference___hgPSY"><div class="Citation__classificationDetails___xRtK5"><span class="Citation__classificationDetail___vPtBx">confidence: 99%</span></div></div></span></div></div><div class="Citation__actions___STMoF"><div class="Tooltip__reference___hgPSY"><i class="CopyButton__copyButton___I1ybw fa fa-copy" role="button" tabindex="0"></i></div><div class=""><i class="fa fa-2x fa-ellipsis-h DropdownMenu__dropdownMenuIcon___LGAcI"></i></div></div></div></div><div aria-hidden="true" class="PaperCard__expandingWrapper___JmHu_" style="overflow:hidden;height:0;opacity:0"><div style="width:fit-content"></div></div></div><div class="PaperCard__grid___NMQAD"><div class="PaperCard__abstractWrapper___Yq394"><div class="Paper__paper___CWi0y"><a class="Paper__title___WkJQP Link__link___plGt2 Link__bold___JGJNO Paper__title___WkJQP" href="https://scite.ai/reports/eaaci-position-paper-influence-of-V0RAZVO" tabindex="0" role="link" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><h3 class="Paper__title___WkJQP">EAACI position paper: Influence of dietary fatty acids on asthma, food allergy, and atopic dermatitis</h3></a><div class="Paper__referenceLine___quVTP"><div class="Authors__authors___uWMEz Paper__lineItem___FXrg7"><div class="Authors__author___TTnHS"><a class="Link__link___plGt2 Link__blueLink___BhE5_" tabindex="0" href="/authors/carina-venter-MVOa3E"><span>Venter</span></a><div class="Tooltip__reference___hgPSY"><sup class="Authors__affiliationSup___Vvflj"><a class="Link__link___plGt2 Link__blueLink___BhE5_" tabindex="0" href="/affiliations/university-of-colorado-denver-PAAk">1</a></sup></div><span>, </span></div><div class="Authors__author___TTnHS"><a class="Link__link___plGt2 Link__blueLink___BhE5_" tabindex="0" href="/authors/rosan-meyer-8wKw5m"><span>Meyer</span></a><div class="Tooltip__reference___hgPSY"><sup class="Authors__affiliationSup___Vvflj"><a class="Link__link___plGt2 Link__blueLink___BhE5_" tabindex="0" href="/affiliations/imperial-college-london-0AKb">2</a></sup></div><span>, </span></div><div class="Authors__author___TTnHS"><a class="Link__link___plGt2 Link__blueLink___BhE5_" tabindex="0" href="/authors/bright-i-nwaru-YZ9de2"><span>Nwaru</span></a><div class="Tooltip__reference___hgPSY"><sup class="Authors__affiliationSup___Vvflj"><a class="Link__link___plGt2 Link__blueLink___BhE5_" tabindex="0" href="/affiliations/university-of-gothenburg-OGGP">3</a></sup></div><span> </span></div><span class="Authors__link___k07oy">et al.</span><span> 2019</span></div><span class="Paper__lineItem___FXrg7"><span class="Reference__reference___AIzFu"><span><a class="Link__link___plGt2 Link__underline___K1Y7j" tabindex="0" href="/journals/allergy-YZrbL"><em>Allergy</em></a></span></span></span></div><div class="Paper__tallyLayout___k19c4"><a class="HorizontalTally__horizontalTally___gMrpx" target="_blank" href="/reports/eaaci-position-paper-influence-of-V0RAZVO"><div class="HorizontalTally__inner___AzKR8"><div class="HorizontalTally__column___d6ltY"><div class="Tooltip__reference___hgPSY"><i class="undefined TypeIcon__typeIcon___USGCh icon TypeIcon__typeIcon--publications___MBaqU icon-publications"></i><span class="HorizontalTally__count___ZuxQA">136</span></div></div><div class="HorizontalTally__column___d6ltY"><div class="Tooltip__reference___hgPSY"><i class="undefined TypeIcon__typeIcon___USGCh icon TypeIcon__typeIcon--supporting___ru3vm icon-supporting"></i><span class="HorizontalTally__count___ZuxQA">2</span></div></div><div class="HorizontalTally__column___d6ltY"><div class="Tooltip__reference___hgPSY"><i class="undefined TypeIcon__typeIcon___USGCh icon TypeIcon__typeIcon--mentioning___zHr8j icon-mentioning"></i><span class="HorizontalTally__count___ZuxQA">175</span></div></div><div class="HorizontalTally__column___d6ltY"><div class="Tooltip__reference___hgPSY"><i class="undefined TypeIcon__typeIcon___USGCh icon TypeIcon__typeIcon--contradicting___BpYwd icon-contradicting"></i><span class="HorizontalTally__count___ZuxQA">0</span></div></div></div></a></div><div class="Paper__linksLayout___Ql9Qd"><a class="Paper__link___YsYPi Link__link___plGt2 Link__blueLink___BhE5_ Link__underline___K1Y7j Paper__link___YsYPi" href="https://doi.org/10.1111/all.13764" tabindex="0" role="link" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow">View full text</a><a class="Paper__link___YsYPi Link__link___plGt2 Link__blueLink___BhE5_ Link__underline___K1Y7j Paper__link___YsYPi" tabindex="0" role="button">Add to dashboard</a><a class="Paper__link___YsYPi Link__link___plGt2 Link__blueLink___BhE5_ Link__underline___K1Y7j Paper__link___YsYPi" tabindex="0" role="button">Cite</a></div></div><div aria-hidden="true" style="overflow:hidden;height:0;opacity:0"><div style="width:auto"><p class="Abstract__abstract___V8wNr PaperCard__abstract___lR5RS Paragraph__body____m5FY"><span><span>The prevalence of allergic diseases such as allergic rhinitis, asthma, food allergy, and atopic dermatitis has increased dramatically during the last decades, which is associated with altered environmental exposures and lifestyle practices. The purpose of this review was to highlight the potential role for dietary fatty acids, in the prevention and management of these disorders. In addition to their nutritive value, fatty acids have important immunoregulatory effects. Fatty acid-associated biological mechanisms, human epidemiology, and intervention studies are summarized in this review.The influence of genetics and the microbiome on fatty acid metabolism is also discussed. Despite critical gaps in our current knowledge, it is increasingly apparent that dietary intake of fatty acids may influence the development of inflammatory and tolerogenic immune responses. However, the lack of standardized formats (ie, food versus supplement) and standardized doses, and frequently a lack of prestudy serum fatty acid level assessments in clinical studies significantly limit our ability to compare allergy outcomes across studies and to provide clear recommendations at this time.Future studies must address these limitations and individualized medical approaches should consider the inclusion of specific dietary factors for the prevention and management of asthma, food allergy, and atopic dermatitis. K E Y W O R D Sasthma, atopic dermatitis, food allergy, nutrition, rhinitis</span></span></p></div></div></div><div class="PaperCard__menu___wXkM0"><a class="PaperCard__textButton___ncs_Z" tabindex="0">show abstract</a><div class=""><i class="fa fa-2x fa-ellipsis-h DropdownMenu__dropdownMenuIcon___LGAcI"></i></div></div></div></div><div class="PaperCard__paperCard___Tkx_L PaperCard__card___rYfBl"><div><div><div class="Citation__citation___I7BGj Citation__citationGrid___yNzom"><div class="Citation__rightCol___rqdSW"><div class="Citation__snippetLayout___VCTXv"><div class="Snippet__snippetWrapper___pL8c1"><span><span><div>“…Diet diversity does not provide a finite indication of diet quality, but it may be associated with increased nutrient intake whereas a more diverse diet may indirectly affect allergy outcomes by providing nutrients associated with prevention of allergic diseases such as omega-3 fatty acids and nondigestible fibres. <cite data-doi="10.1111/pai.12682">21,</cite><cite class="target" data-doi="10.1371/journal.pmed.1002507">22</cite> 3. A more diverse diet may also lead to exposure of different food antigens that impact development of immune tolerance, though this may be "low dose" exposure, <cite data-doi="10.1111/j.1365-2249.2010.04130.x">23</cite> supporting recent randomized controlled trials regarding early allergen introduction.…”</div></span></span></div></div><div class="Citation__citeInfo___v24kU"><span class="Citation__section___YjAW3"><b>Section</b>: Introduction</span><span class="Citation__typeInfo___s7iNF"><i class="undefined TypeIcon__typeIcon___USGCh icon TypeIcon__typeIcon--mentioning___zHr8j icon-mentioning"></i><span class="Citation__citationType___LuRbr">mentioning</span><div class="Tooltip__reference___hgPSY"><div class="Citation__classificationDetails___xRtK5"><span class="Citation__classificationDetail___vPtBx">confidence: 99%</span></div></div></span></div></div><div class="Citation__actions___STMoF"><div class="Tooltip__reference___hgPSY"><i class="CopyButton__copyButton___I1ybw fa fa-copy" role="button" tabindex="0"></i></div><div class=""><i class="fa fa-2x fa-ellipsis-h DropdownMenu__dropdownMenuIcon___LGAcI"></i></div></div></div></div><div aria-hidden="true" class="PaperCard__expandingWrapper___JmHu_" style="overflow:hidden;height:0;opacity:0"><div style="width:fit-content"></div></div></div><div class="PaperCard__grid___NMQAD"><div class="PaperCard__abstractWrapper___Yq394"><div class="Paper__paper___CWi0y"><a class="Paper__title___WkJQP Link__link___plGt2 Link__bold___JGJNO Paper__title___WkJQP" href="https://scite.ai/reports/eaaci-position-paper-on-diet-g1bgVpn" tabindex="0" role="link" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><h3 class="Paper__title___WkJQP">EAACI position paper on diet diversity in pregnancy, infancy and childhood: Novel concepts and implications for studies in allergy and asthma</h3></a><div class="Paper__referenceLine___quVTP"><div class="Authors__authors___uWMEz Paper__lineItem___FXrg7"><div class="Authors__author___TTnHS"><a class="Link__link___plGt2 Link__blueLink___BhE5_" tabindex="0" href="/authors/carina-venter-MVOa3E"><span>Venter</span></a><div class="Tooltip__reference___hgPSY"><sup class="Authors__affiliationSup___Vvflj"><a class="Link__link___plGt2 Link__blueLink___BhE5_" tabindex="0" href="/affiliations/children-s-hospital-colorado-J1r6D">1</a></sup></div><span>, </span></div><div class="Authors__author___TTnHS"><a class="Link__link___plGt2 Link__blueLink___BhE5_" tabindex="0" href="/authors/matthew-greenhawt-b2dz4r"><span>Greenhawt</span></a><div class="Tooltip__reference___hgPSY"><sup class="Authors__affiliationSup___Vvflj"><a class="Link__link___plGt2 Link__blueLink___BhE5_" tabindex="0" href="/affiliations/children-s-hospital-colorado-J1r6D">2</a></sup></div><span>, </span></div><div class="Authors__author___TTnHS"><a class="Link__link___plGt2 Link__blueLink___BhE5_" tabindex="0" href="/authors/rosan-meyer-8wKw5m"><span>Meyer</span></a><div class="Tooltip__reference___hgPSY"><sup class="Authors__affiliationSup___Vvflj"><a class="Link__link___plGt2 Link__blueLink___BhE5_" tabindex="0" href="/affiliations/imperial-college-london-0AKb">3</a></sup></div><span> </span></div><span class="Authors__link___k07oy">et al.</span><span> 2020</span></div><span class="Paper__lineItem___FXrg7"><span class="Reference__reference___AIzFu"><span><a class="Link__link___plGt2 Link__underline___K1Y7j" tabindex="0" href="/journals/allergy-YZrbL"><em>Allergy</em></a></span></span></span></div><div class="Paper__tallyLayout___k19c4"><a class="HorizontalTally__horizontalTally___gMrpx" target="_blank" href="/reports/eaaci-position-paper-on-diet-g1bgVpn"><div class="HorizontalTally__inner___AzKR8"><div class="HorizontalTally__column___d6ltY"><div class="Tooltip__reference___hgPSY"><i class="undefined TypeIcon__typeIcon___USGCh icon TypeIcon__typeIcon--publications___MBaqU icon-publications"></i><span class="HorizontalTally__count___ZuxQA">134</span></div></div><div class="HorizontalTally__column___d6ltY"><div class="Tooltip__reference___hgPSY"><i class="undefined TypeIcon__typeIcon___USGCh icon TypeIcon__typeIcon--supporting___ru3vm icon-supporting"></i><span class="HorizontalTally__count___ZuxQA">1</span></div></div><div class="HorizontalTally__column___d6ltY"><div class="Tooltip__reference___hgPSY"><i class="undefined TypeIcon__typeIcon___USGCh icon TypeIcon__typeIcon--mentioning___zHr8j icon-mentioning"></i><span class="HorizontalTally__count___ZuxQA">165</span></div></div><div class="HorizontalTally__column___d6ltY"><div class="Tooltip__reference___hgPSY"><i class="undefined TypeIcon__typeIcon___USGCh icon TypeIcon__typeIcon--contradicting___BpYwd icon-contradicting"></i><span class="HorizontalTally__count___ZuxQA">1</span></div></div></div></a></div><div class="Paper__linksLayout___Ql9Qd"><a class="Paper__link___YsYPi Link__link___plGt2 Link__blueLink___BhE5_ Link__underline___K1Y7j Paper__link___YsYPi" href="https://doi.org/10.1111/all.14051" tabindex="0" role="link" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow">View full text</a><a class="Paper__link___YsYPi Link__link___plGt2 Link__blueLink___BhE5_ Link__underline___K1Y7j Paper__link___YsYPi" tabindex="0" role="button">Add to dashboard</a><a class="Paper__link___YsYPi Link__link___plGt2 Link__blueLink___BhE5_ Link__underline___K1Y7j Paper__link___YsYPi" tabindex="0" role="button">Cite</a></div></div><div aria-hidden="true" style="overflow:hidden;height:0;opacity:0"><div style="width:auto"><p class="Abstract__abstract___V8wNr PaperCard__abstract___lR5RS Paragraph__body____m5FY"><span><span>To fully understand the role of diet diversity on allergy outcomes and to set standards for conducting research in this field, the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Task Force on Diet and Immunomodulation has systematically explored the association between diet diversity and allergy outcomes. In addition, a detailed narrative review of information on diet quality and diet patterns as they pertain to allergic outcomes is presented. Overall, we recommend that infants of any risk category for allergic disease should have a diverse diet, given no evidence of harm and some potential association of benefit in the prevention of particular allergic outcomes. In order to harmonize methods for future data collection and reporting, the task force members propose relevant definitions and important factors for consideration, when measuring diet diversity in the context of allergy. Consensus was achieved on practice points through the Delphi method. It is hoped that the definitions and considerations described herein will also enable better comparison of future studies and improve mechanistic studies and pathway analysis to understand how diet diversity modulates allergic outcomes.</span></span></p></div></div></div><div class="PaperCard__menu___wXkM0"><a class="PaperCard__textButton___ncs_Z" tabindex="0">show abstract</a><div class=""><i class="fa fa-2x fa-ellipsis-h DropdownMenu__dropdownMenuIcon___LGAcI"></i></div></div></div></div><div class="PaperCard__paperCard___Tkx_L PaperCard__card___rYfBl"><div><div><div class="Citation__citation___I7BGj Citation__citationGrid___yNzom"><div class="Citation__rightCol___rqdSW"><div class="Citation__snippetLayout___VCTXv"><div class="Snippet__snippetWrapper___pL8c1"><span><span><div>“…In der derzeit aktuellsten Meta-Analyse aus 2018 von 28 Studien mit 6705 Kindern zeigte sich erneut nach Einnahme von Probiotika anhand von 19 Studien ein reduziertes Risiko, an Ekzem bis zum 4. Lebensjahr (RR 0.78; 95 % CI 0.68-0.90), und anhand von 11 Studien, an atopischem Ekzem (RR 0.78; 95 % CI 0.65-0.92) zu erkranken <cite class="target" data-doi="10.1371/journal.pmed.1002507">(Garcia-Larsen et al 2018)</cite>.…”</div></span></span></div></div><div class="Citation__citeInfo___v24kU"><span class="Citation__section___YjAW3"><b>Section</b>: Das Mikrobiom Des Darms</span><span class="Citation__typeInfo___s7iNF"><i class="undefined TypeIcon__typeIcon___USGCh icon TypeIcon__typeIcon--unclassified___Wc9aa icon-unclassified"></i><span class="Citation__citationType___LuRbr">unclassified</span><div class="Tooltip__reference___hgPSY"><i class="Citation__infoIcon___V3_f_ fa fa-info-circle"></i></div></span></div></div><div class="Citation__actions___STMoF"><div class="Tooltip__reference___hgPSY"><i class="CopyButton__copyButton___I1ybw fa fa-copy" role="button" tabindex="0"></i></div></div></div></div><div aria-hidden="true" class="PaperCard__expandingWrapper___JmHu_" style="overflow:hidden;height:0;opacity:0"><div style="width:fit-content"></div></div></div><div class="PaperCard__grid___NMQAD"><div class="PaperCard__abstractWrapper___Yq394"><div class="Paper__paper___CWi0y"><a class="Paper__title___WkJQP Link__link___plGt2 Link__bold___JGJNO Paper__title___WkJQP" href="https://scite.ai/reports/allergie-mikrobiom-und-weitere-epigenetische-gZL3Xgw9" tabindex="0" role="link" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><h3 class="Paper__title___WkJQP">Allergie, Mikrobiom und weitere epigenetische Faktoren</h3></a><div class="Paper__referenceLine___quVTP"><div class="Authors__authors___uWMEz Paper__lineItem___FXrg7"><div class="Authors__author___TTnHS"><a class="Link__link___plGt2 Link__blueLink___BhE5_" tabindex="0" href="/authors/karin-stockert-LA3AZ1"><span>Stockert</span></a><sup class="Authors__affiliationSup___Vvflj">1</sup><span> </span></div><span> 2020</span></div><span class="Paper__lineItem___FXrg7"><span class="Reference__reference___AIzFu"><span><a class="Link__link___plGt2 Link__underline___K1Y7j" tabindex="0" role="button"><em>Allergieprävention</em></a></span></span></span></div><div class="Paper__tallyLayout___k19c4"><a class="HorizontalTally__horizontalTally___gMrpx" target="_blank" href="/reports/allergie-mikrobiom-und-weitere-epigenetische-gZL3Xgw9"><div class="HorizontalTally__inner___AzKR8"><div class="HorizontalTally__column___d6ltY"><div class="Tooltip__reference___hgPSY"><i class="undefined TypeIcon__typeIcon___USGCh icon TypeIcon__typeIcon--publications___MBaqU icon-publications"></i><span class="HorizontalTally__count___ZuxQA">2</span></div></div><div class="HorizontalTally__column___d6ltY"><div class="Tooltip__reference___hgPSY"><i class="undefined TypeIcon__typeIcon___USGCh icon TypeIcon__typeIcon--supporting___ru3vm icon-supporting"></i><span class="HorizontalTally__count___ZuxQA">0</span></div></div><div class="HorizontalTally__column___d6ltY"><div class="Tooltip__reference___hgPSY"><i class="undefined TypeIcon__typeIcon___USGCh icon TypeIcon__typeIcon--mentioning___zHr8j icon-mentioning"></i><span class="HorizontalTally__count___ZuxQA">0</span></div></div><div class="HorizontalTally__column___d6ltY"><div class="Tooltip__reference___hgPSY"><i class="undefined TypeIcon__typeIcon___USGCh icon TypeIcon__typeIcon--contradicting___BpYwd icon-contradicting"></i><span class="HorizontalTally__count___ZuxQA">0</span></div></div></div></a></div><div class="Paper__linksLayout___Ql9Qd"><a class="Paper__link___YsYPi Link__link___plGt2 Link__blueLink___BhE5_ Link__underline___K1Y7j Paper__link___YsYPi" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-58140-7_4" tabindex="0" role="link" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow">View full text</a><a class="Paper__link___YsYPi Link__link___plGt2 Link__blueLink___BhE5_ Link__underline___K1Y7j Paper__link___YsYPi" tabindex="0" role="button">Add to dashboard</a><a class="Paper__link___YsYPi 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A more diverse diet may also lead to exposure of different food antigens that impact development of immune tolerance, though this may be \"low dose\" exposure, \u003Ccite data-doi=\"10.1111\u002Fj.1365-2249.2010.04130.x\"\u003E23\u003C\u002Fcite\u003E supporting recent randomized controlled trials regarding early allergen introduction.","lang":"en","langConfidence":"0.9100000262260437","refLocation":"b21\u002F1","memberId":311,"selfCites":[],"snippetHidden":false},{"id":1868948765,"source":"10.1007\u002F978-3-662-58140-7_4","target":"10.1371\u002Fjournal.pmed.1002507","negative":0.04381988346576691,"positive":0.032464317977428436,"neutral":1,"section":"das mikrobiom des darms","type":"unclassified","snippet":"In der derzeit aktuellsten Meta-Analyse aus 2018 von 28 Studien mit 6705 Kindern zeigte sich erneut nach Einnahme von Probiotika anhand von 19 Studien ein reduziertes Risiko, an Ekzem bis zum 4. Lebensjahr (RR 0.78; 95 % CI 0.68-0.90), und anhand von 11 Studien, an atopischem Ekzem (RR 0.78; 95 % CI 0.65-0.92) zu erkranken \u003Ccite data-doi=\"10.1371\u002Fjournal.pmed.1002507\"\u003E(Garcia-Larsen et al 2018)\u003C\u002Fcite\u003E.","lang":"de","langConfidence":"0.9700000286102295","refLocation":"b64\u002F1","memberId":297,"selfCites":[],"snippetHidden":false},{"id":1968908768,"source":"10.12968\u002Fjohv.2019.7.2.68","target":"10.1371\u002Fjournal.pmed.1002507","negative":0.03590732216835022,"positive":0.007277383003383875,"neutral":1,"section":"influence of maternal diet during pregnancy and breastfeedin","type":"mentioning","typeConfidence":1,"snippet":"To inform the COT considerations of the effect of infant diet on atopic disease and the SACN review of infant feeding, the FSA commissioned a second systematic review to examine the effect of diet during pregnancy and lactation, as well as in infancy, on risk of childhood allergic disease (Garcia-Larsen et al, 2018). There was only limited evidence, mainly from observational studies, for an effect of maternal diet during either pregnancy or lactation on subsequent experience of childhood food allergy \u003Ccite data-doi=\"10.1371\u002Fjournal.pmed.1002507\"\u003E(Garcia-Larsen et al, 2018)\u003C\u002Fcite\u003E.","lang":"en","langConfidence":"0.949999988079071","refLocation":"b25\u002F1","memberId":5130,"selfCites":[],"snippetHidden":false},{"id":1886742736,"source":"10.1002\u002Fpsb.1796","target":"10.1371\u002Fjournal.pmed.1002507","negative":0.03981065154075623,"positive":0.03066163882613182,"neutral":1,"section":"overcoming treatment barriers","type":"mentioning","typeConfidence":1,"snippet":"\u003Ccite data-doi=\"10.1136\u002Fbmjopen-2018-028428\"\u003E16\u003C\u002Fcite\u003E There is some evidence that probiotics taken during late pregnancy and breastfeeding (from 36 to 38 weeks gestation through to the first three to six months of lactation) may reduce the risk of eczema in offspring. \u003Ccite data-doi=\"10.1371\u002Fjournal.pmed.1002507\"\u003E17\u003C\u002Fcite\u003E Evaluating disease severity in psychosocial as well as physical terms, acknowledging the challenges of using topical therapies long-term, and emphasising the 'control not cure' message • Wash hands • With pots, spoon the emollient out and replace the lid (to reduce the risk of infection) • Apply using downward strokes, allowing it to soak in (rather than rubbing) • Allow up to 60 minutes between application of emollient and topical corticosteroid or calcineurin inhibitor (to avoid dilution effects) Figure 2; www.bristol.ac.uk\u002Fewap) with links to further information and online videos, may support self-management. \u003Ccite data-doi=\"10.3399\u002Fbjgp17x693617\"\u003E18,\u003C\u002Fcite\u003E\u003Ccite data-doi=\"10.1111\u002Fbjd.15601\"\u003E19\u003C\u002Fcite\u003E The ECO programme 20 is currently developing and evaluating a website to help people look after children with eczema, but meanwhile there are plenty of sources of reliable information available from eczema support groups (see below).","lang":"en","langConfidence":"0.9200000166893005","refLocation":"b15\u002F1","memberId":311,"selfCites":[],"snippetHidden":false},{"source":"10.1002\u002F14651858.cd013534.pub2","target":"10.1371\u002Fjournal.pmed.1002507","selfCites":[],"dataSource":"CR"},{"source":"10.1002\u002F14651858.cd013534.pub3","target":"10.1371\u002Fjournal.pmed.1002507","selfCites":[],"dataSource":"CR"},{"source":"10.1002\u002Fnop2.1298","target":"10.1371\u002Fjournal.pmed.1002507","selfCites":[],"dataSource":"CR"},{"source":"10.1002\u002Fppul.24756","target":"10.1371\u002Fjournal.pmed.1002507","selfCites":[],"dataSource":"CR"}],"citationTallies":{"10.1111\u002Fall.14051":{"total":172,"supporting":1,"contradicting":1,"mentioning":165,"unclassified":5,"doi":"10.1111\u002Fall.14051","citingPublications":134},"10.1007\u002F978-3-662-58140-7_4":{"total":0,"supporting":0,"contradicting":0,"mentioning":0,"unclassified":0,"doi":"10.1007\u002F978-3-662-58140-7_4","citingPublications":2},"10.1111\u002Fall.13764":{"total":179,"supporting":2,"contradicting":0,"mentioning":175,"unclassified":2,"doi":"10.1111\u002Fall.13764","citingPublications":136},"10.1002\u002Fpsb.1796":{"total":0,"supporting":0,"contradicting":0,"mentioning":0,"unclassified":0,"doi":"10.1002\u002Fpsb.1796","citingPublications":0},"10.12968\u002Fjohv.2019.7.2.68":{"total":7,"supporting":0,"contradicting":0,"mentioning":7,"unclassified":0,"doi":"10.12968\u002Fjohv.2019.7.2.68","citingPublications":11},"10.1002\u002F14651858.cd013534.pub2":{"total":65,"supporting":3,"contradicting":0,"mentioning":61,"unclassified":1,"doi":"10.1002\u002F14651858.cd013534.pub2","citingPublications":77},"10.1002\u002F14651858.cd013534.pub3":{"total":47,"supporting":0,"contradicting":2,"mentioning":45,"unclassified":0,"doi":"10.1002\u002F14651858.cd013534.pub3","citingPublications":72},"10.1002\u002Fnop2.1298":{"total":3,"supporting":0,"contradicting":0,"mentioning":3,"unclassified":0,"doi":"10.1002\u002Fnop2.1298","citingPublications":7},"10.1002\u002Fppul.24756":{"total":30,"supporting":3,"contradicting":1,"mentioning":26,"unclassified":0,"doi":"10.1002\u002Fppul.24756","citingPublications":31}},"metadata":{"totalCitationCount":231,"restrictedCitationCount":5,"distinctSourceCount":237},"papers":{"10.1111\u002Fall.14051":{"id":333188558,"doi":"10.1111\u002Fall.14051","slug":"eaaci-position-paper-on-diet-g1bgVpn","type":"journal-article","title":"EAACI position paper on diet diversity in pregnancy, infancy and childhood: Novel concepts and implications for studies in allergy and asthma","abstract":"To fully understand the role of diet diversity on allergy outcomes and to set standards for conducting research in this field, the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Task Force on Diet and Immunomodulation has systematically explored the association between diet diversity and allergy outcomes. In addition, a detailed narrative review of information on diet quality and diet patterns as they pertain to allergic outcomes is presented. Overall, we recommend that infants of any risk category for allergic disease should have a diverse diet, given no evidence of harm and some potential association of benefit in the prevention of particular allergic outcomes. In order to harmonize methods for future data collection and reporting, the task force members propose relevant definitions and important factors for consideration, when measuring diet diversity in the context of allergy. Consensus was achieved on practice points through the Delphi method. It is hoped that the definitions and considerations described herein will also enable better comparison of future studies and improve mechanistic studies and pathway analysis to understand how diet diversity modulates allergic outcomes.","authors":[{"family":"Venter","given":"Carina","affiliation":"Children's Hospital Colorado","authorSlug":"carina-venter-MVOa3E","authorName":"Carina Venter","authorID":"5969196","authorSequenceNumber":1,"affiliationSlug":"children-s-hospital-colorado-J1r6D","affiliationID":"136223"},{"family":"Greenhawt","given":"Matthew","affiliation":"Children's Hospital Colorado","authorSlug":"matthew-greenhawt-b2dz4r","authorName":"Matthew Greenhawt","authorID":"5991815","authorSequenceNumber":2,"affiliationSlug":"children-s-hospital-colorado-J1r6D","affiliationID":"136223"},{"family":"Meyer","given":"Rosan","affiliation":"Imperial College London","authorSlug":"rosan-meyer-8wKw5m","authorName":"Rosan Meyer","authorID":"103125621","authorSequenceNumber":3,"affiliationSlug":"imperial-college-london-0AKb","affiliationID":"17356"},{"family":"Agostoni","given":"Carlo","affiliation":"Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico","authorSlug":"carlo-agostoni-ejZgV0","authorName":"Carlo Agostoni","authorID":"6083699","authorSequenceNumber":4,"affiliationSlug":"fondazione-irccs-ca-granda-ospedale-e2Nr","affiliationID":"21899"},{"family":"Reese","given":"Imke","authorSlug":"imke-reese-zR8M8b","authorName":"Imke Reese","authorID":"7050650","authorSequenceNumber":5},{"family":"Toit","given":"George Du","affiliation":"King's College London","authorSlug":"george-du-toit-68NDPg","authorName":"George Du Toit","authorID":"5137798","authorSequenceNumber":6,"affiliationSlug":"king-s-college-london-a8MK","affiliationID":"9483"},{"family":"Feeney","given":"Mary","affiliation":"King's College London","authorSlug":"mary-feeney-3nx2jb","authorName":"Mary Feeney","authorID":"6126188","authorSequenceNumber":7,"affiliationSlug":"king-s-college-london-a8MK","affiliationID":"9483"},{"family":"Maslin","given":"Kate","affiliation":"University of Plymouth","authorSlug":"kate-maslin-KWlYml","authorName":"Kate Maslin","authorID":"7793679","authorSequenceNumber":8,"affiliationSlug":"university-of-plymouth-wbXr","affiliationID":"4472"},{"family":"Nwaru","given":"Bright I.","affiliation":"University of Gothenburg","authorSlug":"bright-i-nwaru-YZ9de2","authorName":"Bright I. Nwaru","authorID":"5306151","authorSequenceNumber":9,"affiliationSlug":"university-of-gothenburg-OGGP","affiliationID":"9934"},{"family":"Roduit","given":"Caroline","affiliation":"University Children's Hospital Zurich","authorSlug":"caroline-roduit-3nE3RJ","authorName":"Caroline Roduit","authorID":"5914244","authorSequenceNumber":10,"affiliationSlug":"university-children-s-hospital-zurich-MVp10","affiliationID":"147408"},{"family":"Untersmayr","given":"Eva","affiliation":"Medical University of Vienna","authorSlug":"eva-untersmayr-YZWXdK","authorName":"Eva Untersmayr","authorID":"6311895","authorSequenceNumber":11,"affiliationSlug":"medical-university-of-vienna-abN1","affiliationID":"14139"},{"family":"Vlieg‐Boerstra","given":"Berber","affiliation":"OLVG","authorSlug":"berber-vlieg-boerstra-kDrDa","authorName":"Berber Vlieg‐Boerstra","authorID":"1003368","authorSequenceNumber":12,"affiliationSlug":"olvg-b2kQk","affiliationID":"168915"},{"family":"Pali‐Schöll","given":"Isabella","affiliation":"Hanze University of Applied Sciences","authorSlug":"isabella-pali-scholl-LeWGeX","authorName":"Isabella Pali‐Schöll","authorID":"6462440","authorSequenceNumber":13,"affiliationSlug":"hanze-university-of-applied-sciences-K0p","affiliationID":"1679"},{"family":"Roberts","given":"Graham","affiliation":"St Mary's Hospital","authorSlug":"graham-roberts-M3lKk","authorName":"Graham Roberts","authorID":"945552","authorSequenceNumber":14,"affiliationSlug":"st-mary-s-hospital-YgJl3","affiliationID":"202307"},{"family":"Smith","given":"Peter","affiliation":"Griffith University","authorSlug":"peter-smith-ejxw4m","authorName":"Peter Smith","authorID":"6524211","authorSequenceNumber":15,"affiliationSlug":"griffith-university-AVb3","affiliationID":"24949"},{"family":"Akdiş","given":"Cezmi A.","affiliation":"University of Zurich","authorSlug":"cezmi-a-akdis-ejLMRz","authorName":"Cezmi A. Akdiş","authorID":"4810011","authorSequenceNumber":16,"affiliationSlug":"university-of-zurich-G2NZ","affiliationID":"15057"},{"family":"Agache","given":"Ioana","affiliation":"Transylvania University of Brașov","authorSlug":"ioana-agache-QebXj6","authorName":"Ioana Agache","authorID":"4910360","authorSequenceNumber":17,"affiliationSlug":"transylvania-university-of-brasov-43WV","affiliationID":"20842"},{"family":"Ben‐Adallah","given":"Miriam","affiliation":"Children's Hospital Colorado","authorSlug":"miriam-ben-adallah-Nb5j5e","authorName":"Miriam Ben‐Adallah","authorID":"145546227","authorSequenceNumber":18,"affiliationSlug":"children-s-hospital-colorado-J1r6D","affiliationID":"136223"},{"family":"Bischoff","given":"Stephan C.","affiliation":"University of Hohenheim","authorSlug":"stephan-c-bischoff-9OZbAb","authorName":"Stephan C. Bischoff","authorID":"4859802","authorSequenceNumber":19,"affiliationSlug":"university-of-hohenheim-jMEJ","affiliationID":"3681"},{"family":"Frei","given":"Remo","affiliation":"University of Zurich","authorSlug":"remo-frei-5Gbk82","authorName":"Remo Frei","authorID":"5420425","authorSequenceNumber":20,"affiliationSlug":"university-of-zurich-G2NZ","affiliationID":"15057"},{"family":"Garn","given":"Holger","affiliation":"Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center","authorSlug":"holger-garn-W8rlMJ","authorName":"Holger Garn","authorID":"6076592","authorSequenceNumber":21,"affiliationSlug":"universities-of-giessen-and-marburg-ayyjv","affiliationID":"174383"},{"family":"Grimshaw","given":"Kate","affiliation":"University of Southampton","authorSlug":"kate-grimshaw-5GbknR","authorName":"Kate Grimshaw","authorID":"5418869","authorSequenceNumber":22,"affiliationSlug":"university-of-southampton-EVD1","affiliationID":"24961"},{"family":"Hoffmann‐Sommergruber","given":"Karin","affiliation":"Medical University of Vienna","authorSlug":"karin-hoffmann-sommergruber-Nl3RZe","authorName":"Karin Hoffmann‐Sommergruber","authorID":"6676771","authorSequenceNumber":23,"affiliationSlug":"medical-university-of-vienna-abN1","affiliationID":"14139"},{"family":"Lunjani","given":"Nonhlanhla","affiliation":"University of Zurich","authorSlug":"nonhlanhla-lunjani-n641NN","authorName":"Nonhlanhla Lunjani","authorID":"7257433","authorSequenceNumber":24,"affiliationSlug":"university-of-zurich-G2NZ","affiliationID":"15057"},{"family":"Muraro","given":"Antonella","affiliation":"Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova","authorSlug":"antonella-muraro-NlQyjm","authorName":"Antonella Muraro","authorID":"5751071","authorSequenceNumber":25,"affiliationSlug":"azienda-ospedaliera-di-padova-4YmKM","affiliationID":"220386"},{"family":"Poulsen","given":"Lars K.","affiliation":"Gentofte Hospital","authorSlug":"lars-k-poulsen-9OEPzN","authorName":"Lars K. Poulsen","authorID":"5020846","authorSequenceNumber":26,"affiliationSlug":"gentofte-hospital-AO9v","affiliationID":"11393"},{"family":"Renz","given":"Harald","affiliation":"Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center","authorSlug":"harald-renz-y8XnDl","authorName":"Harald Renz","authorID":"5745664","authorSequenceNumber":27,"affiliationSlug":"universities-of-giessen-and-marburg-ayyjv","affiliationID":"174383"},{"family":"Sokołowska","given":"Milena","affiliation":"University of Zurich","authorSlug":"milena-sokolowska-J1wW0E","authorName":"Milena Sokołowska","authorID":"6052967","authorSequenceNumber":28,"affiliationSlug":"university-of-zurich-G2NZ","affiliationID":"15057"},{"family":"Stanton","given":"Catherine","affiliation":"Teagasc - The Irish Agriculture and Food Development Authority","authorSlug":"catherine-stanton-G3Vl0E","authorName":"Catherine Stanton","authorID":"4810813","authorSequenceNumber":29,"affiliationSlug":"teagasc-the-irish-agriculture-xQY3","affiliationID":"4766"},{"family":"O’Mahony","given":"Liam","affiliation":"University of Zurich","authorSlug":"liam-o-mahony-gZ8wen","authorName":"Liam O’Mahony","authorID":"4904514","authorSequenceNumber":30,"affiliationSlug":"university-of-zurich-G2NZ","affiliationID":"15057"}],"keywords":["asthma","atopic dermatitis","Diet diversity","food allergy","prevention","rhinitis"],"year":2020,"shortJournal":"Allergy","publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","volume":"75","page":"497-523","retracted":false,"memberId":311,"issns":["0105-4538","1398-9995"],"editorialNotices":[],"journalSlug":"allergy-YZrbL","journal":"Allergy","preprintLinks":[],"publicationLinks":[],"normalizedTypes":["article"]},"10.1007\u002F978-3-662-58140-7_4":{"id":9351831714,"doi":"10.1007\u002F978-3-662-58140-7_4","slug":"allergie-mikrobiom-und-weitere-epigenetische-gZL3Xgw9","type":"book-chapter","title":"Allergie, Mikrobiom und weitere epigenetische Faktoren","authors":[{"family":"Stockert","given":"Karin","authorSlug":"karin-stockert-LA3AZ1","authorName":"Karin Stockert","authorID":"16619084","authorSequenceNumber":1}],"keywords":[],"year":2020,"publisher":"Springer Berlin Heidelberg","page":"47-118","retracted":false,"memberId":297,"issns":[],"editorialNotices":[],"journal":"Allergieprävention","preprintLinks":[],"publicationLinks":[],"normalizedTypes":["book"]},"10.1111\u002Fall.13764":{"id":250267438,"doi":"10.1111\u002Fall.13764","slug":"eaaci-position-paper-influence-of-V0RAZVO","type":"journal-article","title":"EAACI position paper: Influence of dietary fatty acids on asthma, food allergy, and atopic dermatitis","abstract":"The prevalence of allergic diseases such as allergic rhinitis, asthma, food allergy, and atopic dermatitis has increased dramatically during the last decades, which is associated with altered environmental exposures and lifestyle practices. The purpose of this review was to highlight the potential role for dietary fatty acids, in the prevention and management of these disorders. In addition to their nutritive value, fatty acids have important immunoregulatory effects. Fatty acid-associated biological mechanisms, human epidemiology, and intervention studies are summarized in this review.The influence of genetics and the microbiome on fatty acid metabolism is also discussed. Despite critical gaps in our current knowledge, it is increasingly apparent that dietary intake of fatty acids may influence the development of inflammatory and tolerogenic immune responses. However, the lack of standardized formats (ie, food versus supplement) and standardized doses, and frequently a lack of prestudy serum fatty acid level assessments in clinical studies significantly limit our ability to compare allergy outcomes across studies and to provide clear recommendations at this time.Future studies must address these limitations and individualized medical approaches should consider the inclusion of specific dietary factors for the prevention and management of asthma, food allergy, and atopic dermatitis.\nK E Y W O R D Sasthma, atopic dermatitis, food allergy, nutrition, rhinitis","authors":[{"family":"Venter","given":"Carina","affiliation":"University of Colorado Denver","authorSlug":"carina-venter-MVOa3E","authorName":"Carina Venter","authorID":"5969196","authorSequenceNumber":1,"affiliationSlug":"university-of-colorado-denver-PAAk","affiliationID":"23801"},{"family":"Meyer","given":"Rosan","affiliation":"Imperial College London","authorSlug":"rosan-meyer-8wKw5m","authorName":"Rosan Meyer","authorID":"103125621","authorSequenceNumber":2,"affiliationSlug":"imperial-college-london-0AKb","affiliationID":"17356"},{"family":"Nwaru","given":"Bright I.","affiliation":"University of Gothenburg","authorSlug":"bright-i-nwaru-YZ9de2","authorName":"Bright I. Nwaru","authorID":"5306151","authorSequenceNumber":3,"affiliationSlug":"university-of-gothenburg-OGGP","affiliationID":"9934"},{"family":"Roduit","given":"Caroline","affiliation":"CK-CARE","authorSlug":"caroline-roduit-3nE3RJ","authorName":"Caroline Roduit","authorID":"5914244","authorSequenceNumber":4,"affiliationSlug":"ck-care-d3vj1","affiliationID":"174018"},{"family":"Untersmayr","given":"Eva","affiliation":"Medical University of Vienna","authorSlug":"eva-untersmayr-YZWXdK","authorName":"Eva Untersmayr","authorID":"6311895","authorSequenceNumber":5,"affiliationSlug":"medical-university-of-vienna-abN1","affiliationID":"14139"},{"family":"Adel‐Patient","given":"Karine","affiliation":"CEA Paris-Saclay","authorSlug":"karine-adel-patient-LewW0E","authorName":"Karine Adel‐Patient","authorID":"6619884","authorSequenceNumber":6,"affiliationSlug":"cea-paris-saclay-gXbOe","affiliationID":"257458"},{"family":"Agache","given":"Ioana","affiliation":"Transylvania University of Brașov","authorSlug":"ioana-agache-QebXj6","authorName":"Ioana Agache","authorID":"4910360","authorSequenceNumber":7,"affiliationSlug":"transylvania-university-of-brasov-43WV","affiliationID":"20842"},{"family":"Agostoni","given":"Carlo","affiliation":"University of Milan","authorSlug":"carlo-agostoni-ejZgV0","authorName":"Carlo Agostoni","authorID":"6083699","authorSequenceNumber":8,"affiliationSlug":"university-of-milan-Xx8D","affiliationID":"3485"},{"family":"Akdiş","given":"Cezmi A.","affiliation":"University of Zurich","authorSlug":"cezmi-a-akdis-ejLMRz","authorName":"Cezmi A. 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This article discusses the diagnosis and treatment of mild to moderate eczema in children, which can usually be effectively managed in primary care.","authors":[{"family":"Ridd","given":"Matthew J","authorSlug":"matthew-j-ridd-mOZjy2","authorName":"Matthew J Ridd","authorID":"6659643","authorSequenceNumber":1}],"keywords":["Prescribing in practice"],"year":2019,"shortJournal":"Prescriber","publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","volume":"30","page":"28-31","retracted":false,"memberId":311,"issns":["0959-6682","1931-2253"],"editorialNotices":[],"journalSlug":"prescriber-MVJKW","journal":"Prescriber","preprintLinks":[],"publicationLinks":[],"normalizedTypes":["article"]},"10.12968\u002Fjohv.2019.7.2.68":{"id":247246039,"doi":"10.12968\u002Fjohv.2019.7.2.68","slug":"egg-consumption-in-pregnancy-and-aXl3ldb","type":"journal-article","title":"Egg consumption in pregnancy and infancy: Advice has changed","abstract":"The UK government has now revised its advice on the safety of eggs for vulnerable groups, such as pregnant women, infants and young children, confirming that they are safe to eat 'runny' or even raw, provided they are British Lion eggs. The government's Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition (SACN) has also reconfirmed that eggs can be introduced from around 6 months when complementary feeding begins, despite their allergenic potential. Furthermore, it suggests that deliberate exclusion or delays in introducing eggs beyond 6-12 months may increase the risk of egg allergy. This article discusses the revised recommendations in more detail and sets the SACN recommendations in the context of developing research on egg allergy. It compares advice on egg consumption for non-atopic and high-risk infants in the UK, the US and Australia, and examines the evidence on the influence of maternal diet during lactation on the risks of infant egg allergy. Finally, it provides an update on the nutritional benefits of eggs for pregnant women, infants and young children, including new research on critical but lesser known nutrients such as iodine and choline, with consideration of the suitability of eggs in baby-led weaning.","authors":[{"family":"Gray","given":"Juliet","authorSlug":"juliet-gray-pxMJJY","authorName":"Juliet Gray","authorID":"7573430","authorSequenceNumber":1}],"keywords":[],"year":2019,"shortJournal":"Journal of Health Visiting","publisher":"Mark Allen Group","issue":"2","volume":"7","page":"68-77","retracted":false,"memberId":5130,"issns":["2050-8719","2052-2908"],"editorialNotices":[],"journalSlug":"journal-of-health-visiting-n6K6d","journal":"Journal of Health Visiting","preprintLinks":[],"publicationLinks":[],"normalizedTypes":["article"]},"10.1002\u002F14651858.cd013534.pub2":{"id":10000421901,"doi":"10.1002\u002F14651858.cd013534.pub2","slug":"skin-care-interventions-in-infants-PQJXVpxk","type":"journal-article","title":"Skin care interventions in infants for preventing eczema and food allergy","authors":[{"family":"Kelleher","given":"Maeve","affiliation":"Imperial College London","authorSlug":"maeve-kelleher-VK8QkR","authorName":"Maeve Kelleher","authorID":"7922882","authorSequenceNumber":1,"affiliationSlug":"imperial-college-london-0AKb","affiliationID":"17356"},{"family":"Cro","given":"Suzie","affiliation":"Imperial College London","authorSlug":"suzie-cro-E1p2j","authorName":"Suzie Cro","authorID":"1113517","authorSequenceNumber":2,"affiliationSlug":"imperial-college-london-0AKb","affiliationID":"17356"},{"family":"Cornelius","given":"Victoria","affiliation":"Imperial College London","authorSlug":"victoria-cornelius-O9Rp4","authorName":"Victoria Cornelius","authorID":"1008378","authorSequenceNumber":3,"affiliationSlug":"imperial-college-london-0AKb","affiliationID":"17356"},{"family":"Carlsen","given":"Karin C. Lødrup","affiliation":"Oslo University Hospital","authorSlug":"karin-c-lodrup-carlsen-YZJ5A2","authorName":"Karin C. Lødrup Carlsen","authorID":"5158751","authorSequenceNumber":4,"affiliationSlug":"oslo-university-hospital-LlmP","affiliationID":"17084"},{"family":"Skjerven","given":"Håvard Ove","affiliation":"Oslo University Hospital","authorSlug":"havard-ove-skjerven-YgZKE2","authorName":"Håvard Ove Skjerven","authorID":"7596307","authorSequenceNumber":5,"affiliationSlug":"oslo-university-hospital-LlmP","affiliationID":"17084"},{"family":"Rehbinder","given":"Eva Maria","affiliation":"University of Oslo","authorSlug":"eva-maria-rehbinder-kZ1ZjJ","authorName":"Eva Maria Rehbinder","authorID":"8011768","authorSequenceNumber":6,"affiliationSlug":"university-of-oslo-ypYG","affiliationID":"16964"},{"family":"Lowe","given":"Adrian J.","affiliation":"University of Melbourne","authorSlug":"adrian-j-lowe-J1gdnw","authorName":"Adrian J. Lowe","authorID":"5872223","authorSequenceNumber":7,"affiliationSlug":"university-of-melbourne-2NR1","affiliationID":"2232"},{"family":"Dissanayake","given":"Eishika","affiliation":"University of Wisconsin–Madison","authorSlug":"eishika-dissanayake-R5v6LD","authorName":"Eishika Dissanayake","authorID":"9261026","authorSequenceNumber":8,"affiliationSlug":"university-of-wisconsin-madison-V0GR","affiliationID":"2838"},{"family":"Shimojo","given":"Naoki","affiliation":"Chiba University","authorSlug":"naoki-shimojo-MkGV0l","authorName":"Naoki Shimojo","authorID":"136211508","authorSequenceNumber":9,"affiliationSlug":"chiba-university-E2X8","affiliationID":"14817"},{"family":"Yonezawa","given":"Kaori","affiliation":"The University of Tokyo","authorSlug":"kaori-yonezawa-vyNzv3","authorName":"Kaori Yonezawa","authorID":"9351997","authorSequenceNumber":10,"affiliationSlug":"the-university-of-tokyo-QYyz","affiliationID":"11716"},{"family":"Ohya","given":"Yukihiro","affiliation":"National Center For Child Health and Development","authorSlug":"yukihiro-ohya-G3KQjx","authorName":"Yukihiro Ohya","authorID":"5278057","authorSequenceNumber":11,"affiliationSlug":"national-center-for-child-health-0a5Vy","affiliationID":"200756"},{"family":"Yamamoto‐Hanada","given":"Kiwako","affiliation":"National Center For Child Health and Development","authorSlug":"kiwako-yamamoto-hanada-2NPmEx","authorName":"Kiwako Yamamoto‐Hanada","authorID":"6947276","authorSequenceNumber":12,"affiliationSlug":"national-center-for-child-health-0a5Vy","affiliationID":"200756"},{"family":"Morita","given":"Kumiko","affiliation":"Keio University","authorSlug":"kumiko-morita-MV5OPm","authorName":"Kumiko Morita","authorID":"7462196","authorSequenceNumber":13,"affiliationSlug":"keio-university-3nJW","affiliationID":"3200"},{"family":"Axon","given":"Emma","affiliation":"University of Nottingham","authorSlug":"emma-axon-AGngre","authorName":"Emma Axon","authorID":"14261749","authorSequenceNumber":14,"affiliationSlug":"university-of-nottingham-Z90P","affiliationID":"22831"},{"family":"Surber","given":"Christian","affiliation":"University Hospital of Zurich","authorSlug":"christian-surber-RV4l04","authorName":"Christian Surber","authorID":"6356270","authorSequenceNumber":15,"affiliationSlug":"university-hospital-of-zurich-zR4w8","affiliationID":"164906"},{"family":"Cork","given":"Michael J.","affiliation":"University of Sheffield","authorSlug":"michael-j-cork-ej5zdZ","authorName":"Michael J. Cork","authorID":"5830599","authorSequenceNumber":16,"affiliationSlug":"university-of-sheffield-MzKE","affiliationID":"10452"},{"family":"Cooke","given":"Alison","affiliation":"University of Manchester","authorSlug":"alison-cooke-8GYvNG","authorName":"Alison Cooke","authorID":"6962121","authorSequenceNumber":17,"affiliationSlug":"university-of-manchester-MVp0","affiliationID":"3352"},{"family":"Tran","given":"Lien","affiliation":"Imperial College London","authorSlug":"lien-tran-kZYKYX","authorName":"Lien Tran","authorID":"7964924","authorSequenceNumber":18,"affiliationSlug":"imperial-college-london-0AKb","affiliationID":"17356"},{"family":"Vogt","given":"Eleanor Van","affiliation":"Imperial College London","authorSlug":"eleanor-van-vogt-rxMadO","authorName":"Eleanor Van Vogt","authorID":"9781273","authorSequenceNumber":19,"affiliationSlug":"imperial-college-london-0AKb","affiliationID":"17356"},{"family":"Schmitt","given":"Jochen","affiliation":"University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus","authorSlug":"jochen-schmitt-lZ9Gyv","authorName":"Jochen Schmitt","authorID":"5999880","authorSequenceNumber":20,"affiliationSlug":"university-hospital-carl-gustav-carus-vy0yZ","affiliationID":"220797"},{"family":"Weidinger","given":"Stephan","affiliation":"University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein","authorSlug":"stephan-weidinger-68QK2X","authorName":"Stephan Weidinger","authorID":"5444998","authorSequenceNumber":21,"affiliationSlug":"university-hospital-schleswig-holstein-NML0z","affiliationID":"219371"},{"family":"McClanahan","given":"Danielle","affiliation":"Oregon Health & Science University","authorSlug":"danielle-mcclanahan-2WyRNJ","authorName":"Danielle McClanahan","authorID":"9041176","authorSequenceNumber":22,"affiliationSlug":"oregon-health-science-university-px1x","affiliationID":"4974"},{"family":"Simpson","given":"Eric L.","affiliation":"Oregon Health & Science University","authorSlug":"eric-l-simpson-zRkeNb","authorName":"Eric L. Simpson","authorID":"5770206","authorSequenceNumber":23,"affiliationSlug":"oregon-health-science-university-px1x","affiliationID":"4974"},{"family":"Duley","given":"Lelia","affiliation":"University of Nottingham","authorSlug":"lelia-duley-9OEnKE","authorName":"Lelia Duley","authorID":"4956702","authorSequenceNumber":24,"affiliationSlug":"university-of-nottingham-Z90P","affiliationID":"22831"},{"family":"Askie","given":"Lisa","affiliation":"Cooperative Trials Group for Neuro-Oncology","authorSlug":"lisa-askie-EW3lL8","authorName":"Lisa Askie","authorID":"5321261","authorSequenceNumber":25,"affiliationSlug":"cooperative-trials-group-for-neuro-oncology-LDpPm","affiliationID":"176740"},{"family":"Chalmers","given":"Joanne R","affiliation":"University of Nottingham","authorSlug":"joanne-r-chalmers-J10dd6","authorName":"Joanne R Chalmers","authorID":"5788523","authorSequenceNumber":26,"affiliationSlug":"university-of-nottingham-Z90P","affiliationID":"22831"},{"family":"Williams","given":"Hywel C","affiliation":"University of Nottingham","authorSlug":"hywel-c-williams-gZLy1K","authorName":"Hywel C Williams","authorID":"4826558","authorSequenceNumber":27,"affiliationSlug":"university-of-nottingham-Z90P","affiliationID":"22831"},{"family":"Boyle","given":"Robert","affiliation":"Imperial College London","authorSlug":"robert-boyle-9OJyb4","authorName":"Robert Boyle","authorID":"5908790","authorSequenceNumber":28,"affiliationSlug":"imperial-college-london-0AKb","affiliationID":"17356"}],"keywords":[],"year":2021,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","volume":"2021","memberId":311,"issns":["1465-1858"],"editorialNotices":[],"journalSlug":"cochrane-database-of-systematic-reviews-pnrOQ","journal":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews","preprintLinks":[],"publicationLinks":[],"normalizedTypes":["article"]},"10.1002\u002F14651858.cd013534.pub3":{"id":11605557735,"doi":"10.1002\u002F14651858.cd013534.pub3","slug":"skin-care-interventions-in-infants-K6rnKWJM","type":"journal-article","title":"Skin care interventions in infants for preventing eczema and food allergy","abstract":"Background\n \n\n Eczema and food allergy are common health conditions that usually begin in early childhood and often occur in the same people. They can be associated with an impaired skin barrier in early infancy. It is unclear whether trying to prevent or reverse an impaired skin barrier soon after birth is effective for preventing eczema or food allergy.\n \n\n\n\n Objectives\n \n\n\n Primary objective\n \n\n\n To assess the effects of skin care interventions such as emollients for primary prevention of eczema and food allergy in infants.\n \n\n\n Secondary objective\n \n\n\n To identify features of study populations such as age, hereditary risk, and adherence to interventions that are associated with the greatest treatment benefit or harm for both eczema and food allergy.\n \n\n\n\n Search methods\n \n\n We performed an updated search of the Cochrane Skin Specialised Register, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, and Embase in September 2021. We searched two trials registers in July 2021. We checked the reference lists of included studies and relevant systematic reviews, and scanned conference proceedings to identify further references to relevant randomised controlled trials (RCTs).\n \n\n\n\n Selection criteria\n \n\n We included RCTs of skin care interventions that could potentially enhance skin barrier function, reduce dryness, or reduce subclinical inflammation in healthy term (\u003E 37 weeks) infants (≤ 12 months) without pre‐existing eczema, food allergy, or other skin condition. Eligible comparisons were standard care in the locality or no treatment. Types of skin care interventions could include moisturisers\u002Femollients; bathing products; advice regarding reducing soap exposure and bathing frequency; and use of water softeners. No minimum follow‐up was required.\n \n\n\n\n Data collection and analysis\n \n\n This is a prospective individual participant data (IPD) meta‐analysis. We used standard Cochrane methodological procedures, and primary analyses used the IPD dataset. Primary outcomes were cumulative incidence of eczema and cumulative incidence of immunoglobulin (Ig)E‐mediated food allergy by one to three years, both measured at the closest available time point to two years. Secondary outcomes included adverse events during the intervention period; eczema severity (clinician‐assessed); parent report of eczema severity; time to onset of eczema; parent report of immediate food allergy; and allergic sensitisation to food or inhalant allergen.\n \n\n\n\n Main results\n \n\n We identified 33 RCTs comprising 25,827 participants. Of these, 17 studies randomising 5823 participants reported information on one or more outcomes specified in this review. We included 11 studies, randomising 5217 participants, in one or more meta‐analyses (range 2 to 9 studies per individual meta‐analysis), with 10 of these studies providing IPD; the remaining 6 studies were included in the narrative results only.\n \n\n Most studies were con...","authors":[{"family":"Kelleher","given":"Maeve","affiliation":"Imperial College London","authorSlug":"maeve-kelleher-VK8QkR","authorName":"Maeve Kelleher","authorID":"7922882","authorSequenceNumber":1,"affiliationSlug":"imperial-college-london-0AKb","affiliationID":"17356"},{"family":"Phillips","given":"Rachel","affiliation":"Imperial College London","authorSlug":"rachel-phillips-brV5QW","authorName":"Rachel Phillips","authorID":"103119559","authorSequenceNumber":2,"affiliationSlug":"imperial-college-london-0AKb","affiliationID":"17356"},{"family":"Brown","given":"Sara","affiliation":"Edinburgh Cancer Research","authorSlug":"sara-brown-zR0WkE","authorName":"Sara Brown","authorID":"6082006","authorSequenceNumber":3,"affiliationSlug":"edinburgh-cancer-research-DORe","affiliationID":"17663"},{"family":"Cro","given":"Suzie","affiliation":"Imperial College London","authorSlug":"suzie-cro-E1p2j","authorName":"Suzie Cro","authorID":"1113517","authorSequenceNumber":4,"affiliationSlug":"imperial-college-london-0AKb","affiliationID":"17356"},{"family":"Cornelius","given":"Victoria","affiliation":"Imperial College London","authorSlug":"victoria-cornelius-O9Rp4","authorName":"Victoria Cornelius","authorID":"1008378","authorSequenceNumber":5,"affiliationSlug":"imperial-college-london-0AKb","affiliationID":"17356"},{"family":"Carlsen","given":"Karin C. Lødrup","affiliation":"Chiba University","authorSlug":"karin-c-lodrup-carlsen-YZJ5A2","authorName":"Karin C. Lødrup Carlsen","authorID":"5158751","authorSequenceNumber":6,"affiliationSlug":"chiba-university-E2X8","affiliationID":"14817"},{"family":"Skjerven","given":"Håvard Ove","affiliation":"Oslo University Hospital","authorSlug":"havard-ove-skjerven-YgZKE2","authorName":"Håvard Ove Skjerven","authorID":"7596307","authorSequenceNumber":7,"affiliationSlug":"oslo-university-hospital-LlmP","affiliationID":"17084"},{"family":"Rehbinder","given":"Eva Maria","affiliation":"Chiba University","authorSlug":"eva-maria-rehbinder-kZ1ZjJ","authorName":"Eva Maria Rehbinder","authorID":"8011768","authorSequenceNumber":8,"affiliationSlug":"chiba-university-E2X8","affiliationID":"14817"},{"family":"Lowe","given":"Adrian J.","affiliation":"University of Melbourne","authorSlug":"adrian-j-lowe-J1gdnw","authorName":"Adrian J. Lowe","authorID":"5872223","authorSequenceNumber":9,"affiliationSlug":"university-of-melbourne-2NR1","affiliationID":"2232"},{"family":"Dissanayake","given":"Eishika","affiliation":"University of Wisconsin–Madison","authorSlug":"eishika-dissanayake-R5v6LD","authorName":"Eishika Dissanayake","authorID":"9261026","authorSequenceNumber":10,"affiliationSlug":"university-of-wisconsin-madison-V0GR","affiliationID":"2838"},{"family":"Shimojo","given":"Naoki","affiliation":"Chiba University","authorSlug":"naoki-shimojo-MkGV0l","authorName":"Naoki Shimojo","authorID":"136211508","authorSequenceNumber":11,"affiliationSlug":"chiba-university-E2X8","affiliationID":"14817"},{"family":"Yonezawa","given":"Kaori","affiliation":"The University of Tokyo","authorSlug":"kaori-yonezawa-vyNzv3","authorName":"Kaori Yonezawa","authorID":"9351997","authorSequenceNumber":12,"affiliationSlug":"the-university-of-tokyo-QYyz","affiliationID":"11716"},{"family":"Ohya","given":"Yukihiro","affiliation":"National Center For Child Health and Development","authorSlug":"yukihiro-ohya-G3KQjx","authorName":"Yukihiro Ohya","authorID":"5278057","authorSequenceNumber":13,"affiliationSlug":"national-center-for-child-health-0a5Vy","affiliationID":"200756"},{"family":"Yamamoto‐Hanada","given":"Kiwako","affiliation":"National Center For Child Health and Development","authorSlug":"kiwako-yamamoto-hanada-2NPmEx","authorName":"Kiwako Yamamoto‐Hanada","authorID":"6947276","authorSequenceNumber":14,"affiliationSlug":"national-center-for-child-health-0a5Vy","affiliationID":"200756"},{"family":"Morita","given":"Kumiko","affiliation":"Keio University","authorSlug":"kumiko-morita-MV5OPm","authorName":"Kumiko Morita","authorID":"7462196","authorSequenceNumber":15,"affiliationSlug":"keio-university-3nJW","affiliationID":"3200"},{"family":"Axon","given":"Emma","affiliation":"University of Nottingham","authorSlug":"emma-axon-AGngre","authorName":"Emma Axon","authorID":"14261749","authorSequenceNumber":16,"affiliationSlug":"university-of-nottingham-Z90P","affiliationID":"22831"},{"family":"Cork","given":"Michael J.","affiliation":"University of Sheffield","authorSlug":"michael-j-cork-ej5zdZ","authorName":"Michael J. 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Simpson","authorID":"5770206","authorSequenceNumber":23,"affiliationSlug":"oregon-health-science-university-px1x","affiliationID":"4974"},{"family":"Duley","given":"Lelia","affiliation":"University of Nottingham","authorSlug":"lelia-duley-9OEnKE","authorName":"Lelia Duley","authorID":"4956702","authorSequenceNumber":24,"affiliationSlug":"university-of-nottingham-Z90P","affiliationID":"22831"},{"family":"Askie","given":"Lisa","affiliation":"University of Sydney","authorSlug":"lisa-askie-EW3lL8","authorName":"Lisa Askie","authorID":"5321261","authorSequenceNumber":25,"affiliationSlug":"university-of-sydney-5R5Q","affiliationID":"10925"},{"family":"Williams","given":"Hywel C","affiliation":"University of Nottingham","authorSlug":"hywel-c-williams-gZLy1K","authorName":"Hywel C Williams","authorID":"4826558","authorSequenceNumber":26,"affiliationSlug":"university-of-nottingham-Z90P","affiliationID":"22831"},{"family":"Boyle","given":"Robert","affiliation":"Imperial College London","authorSlug":"robert-boyle-9OJyb4","authorName":"Robert Boyle","authorID":"5908790","authorSequenceNumber":27,"affiliationSlug":"imperial-college-london-0AKb","affiliationID":"17356"}],"keywords":["\n C. DERMATITIS AND ECZEMA\n "],"year":2022,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","volume":"2022","memberId":311,"issns":["1465-1858"],"editorialNotices":[],"journalSlug":"cochrane-database-of-systematic-reviews-pnrOQ","journal":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews","preprintLinks":[],"publicationLinks":[],"normalizedTypes":["article"]},"10.1002\u002Fnop2.1298":{"id":11578182682,"doi":"10.1002\u002Fnop2.1298","slug":"maternal-food-avoidance-diets-and-dietary-V0z4aPvR","type":"journal-article","title":"Maternal food‐avoidance diets and dietary supplements during breastfeeding","abstract":"† indicates Kai-Håkon Carlsen dead.","authors":[{"family":"Nordhagen","given":"Live S.","affiliation":"University of Oslo","authorSlug":"live-s-nordhagen-j6x5GO","authorName":"Live S. Nordhagen","authorID":"9946137","authorSequenceNumber":1,"affiliationSlug":"university-of-oslo-ypYG","affiliationID":"16964"},{"family":"Løfsgaard","given":"Vibeke S.","affiliation":"VID Specialized University","authorSlug":"vibeke-s-lofsgaard-YNY503","authorName":"Vibeke S. Løfsgaard","authorID":"30883507","authorSequenceNumber":2,"affiliationSlug":"vid-specialized-university-Klg01","affiliationID":"266935"},{"family":"Småstuen","given":"Milada Cvancarova","affiliation":"VID Specialized University","authorSlug":"milada-cvancarova-smastuen-KxRw6d","authorName":"Milada Cvancarova Småstuen","authorID":"138145279","authorSequenceNumber":3,"affiliationSlug":"vid-specialized-university-Klg01","affiliationID":"266935"},{"family":"Glavin","given":"Kari","affiliation":"VID Specialized University","authorSlug":"kari-glavin-bO8wmp","authorName":"Kari Glavin","authorID":"7800915","authorSequenceNumber":4,"affiliationSlug":"vid-specialized-university-Klg01","affiliationID":"266935"},{"family":"Carlsen","given":"Kai‐Håkon","affiliation":"University of Oslo","authorSlug":"kai-hakon-carlsen-dv0GPx","authorName":"Kai‐Håkon Carlsen","authorID":"4721762","authorSequenceNumber":5,"affiliationSlug":"university-of-oslo-ypYG","affiliationID":"16964"},{"family":"Carlsen","given":"Monica Hauger","affiliation":"University of Oslo","authorSlug":"monica-hauger-carlsen-aXmVDv","authorName":"Monica Hauger Carlsen","authorID":"4678883","authorSequenceNumber":6,"affiliationSlug":"university-of-oslo-ypYG","affiliationID":"16964"},{"family":"Granum","given":"Berit","affiliation":"Norwegian Institute of Public Health","authorSlug":"berit-granum-EWxmZL","authorName":"Berit Granum","authorID":"6521661","authorSequenceNumber":7,"affiliationSlug":"norwegian-institute-of-public-health-pQXe","affiliationID":"11874"},{"family":"Gubrandsgard","given":"Malén","affiliation":"Oslo University Hospital","authorSlug":"malen-gubrandsgard-rYnZwN","authorName":"Malén Gubrandsgard","authorID":"31616529","authorSequenceNumber":8,"affiliationSlug":"oslo-university-hospital-LlmP","affiliationID":"17084"},{"family":"Haugen","given":"Guttorm","affiliation":"University of Oslo","authorSlug":"guttorm-haugen-G34bbK","authorName":"Guttorm Haugen","authorID":"6384813","authorSequenceNumber":9,"affiliationSlug":"university-of-oslo-ypYG","affiliationID":"16964"},{"family":"Hedlin","given":"Gunilla","affiliation":"Karolinska Institutet","authorSlug":"gunilla-hedlin-EWrER8","authorName":"Gunilla Hedlin","authorID":"5979017","authorSequenceNumber":10,"affiliationSlug":"karolinska-institutet-8DNx","affiliationID":"23521"},{"family":"Jonassen","given":"Christine Monceyron","affiliation":"Østfold Hospital Trust","authorSlug":"christine-monceyron-jonassen-2N8WVE","authorName":"Christine Monceyron 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Madelen","affiliation":"University of Oslo","authorSlug":"carina-madelen-saunders-LDzk1Q","authorName":"Carina Madelen Saunders","authorID":"7940440","authorSequenceNumber":15,"affiliationSlug":"university-of-oslo-ypYG","affiliationID":"16964"},{"family":"Skjerven","given":"Håvard Ove","affiliation":"Oslo University Hospital","authorSlug":"havard-ove-skjerven-YgZKE2","authorName":"Håvard Ove Skjerven","authorID":"7596307","authorSequenceNumber":16,"affiliationSlug":"oslo-university-hospital-LlmP","affiliationID":"17084"},{"family":"Staff","given":"Anne Cathrine","affiliation":"University of Oslo","authorSlug":"anne-cathrine-staff-gZvjjK","authorName":"Anne Cathrine Staff","authorID":"5057558","authorSequenceNumber":17,"affiliationSlug":"university-of-oslo-ypYG","affiliationID":"16964"},{"family":"Söderhäll","given":"Cilla","affiliation":"Karolinska University Hospital","authorSlug":"cilla-soderhall-pn9K63","authorName":"Cilla Söderhäll","authorID":"6092230","authorSequenceNumber":18,"affiliationSlug":"karolinska-university-hospital-Y06G","affiliationID":"18851"},{"family":"Vettukattil","given":"Riyas","affiliation":"University of Oslo","authorSlug":"riyas-vettukattil-NMnYXY","authorName":"Riyas Vettukattil","authorID":"7843971","authorSequenceNumber":19,"affiliationSlug":"university-of-oslo-ypYG","affiliationID":"16964"},{"family":"Aaneland","given":"Hilde","affiliation":"Oslo University Hospital","authorSlug":"hilde-aaneland-4agQP","authorName":"Hilde Aaneland","authorID":"3615586","authorSequenceNumber":20,"affiliationSlug":"oslo-university-hospital-LlmP","affiliationID":"17084"},{"family":"Carlsen","given":"Karin C. Lødrup","affiliation":"University of Oslo","authorSlug":"karin-c-lodrup-carlsen-YZJ5A2","authorName":"Karin C. Lødrup Carlsen","authorID":"5158751","authorSequenceNumber":21,"affiliationSlug":"university-of-oslo-ypYG","affiliationID":"16964"}],"keywords":[],"year":2022,"shortJournal":"Nursing Open","publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","volume":"10","page":"230-240","memberId":311,"issns":["2054-1058","2054-1058"],"editorialNotices":[],"journalSlug":"nursing-open-ZGY4M","journal":"Nursing Open","preprintLinks":[],"publicationLinks":[],"normalizedTypes":["article"]},"10.1002\u002Fppul.24756":{"id":9335234913,"doi":"10.1002\u002Fppul.24756","slug":"maternal-asthma-breastfeeding-and-respiratory-G3VrE5xx","type":"journal-article","title":"Maternal asthma, breastfeeding, and respiratory outcomes in the first year of life","abstract":"Maternal asthma increases the risk of infant wheeze. Breastfeeding may offer protection but there is limited evidence in this high‐risk group. We examined associations between breastfeeding and respiratory outcomes, in infants born to women with asthma. This study was a secondary analysis of two prospective cohorts of pregnant women with asthma, and their infants, conducted between 2007 and 2018. At 6 ± 1 (T1) and 12 ± 1 (T2) months post‐partum, mothers reported breastfeeding patterns and infant wheeze (primary outcome), bronchiolitis, and related medication use and healthcare utilization, via a validated questionnaire; a subgroup completed face‐to‐face interviews. χ2 tests and logistic regression models, adjusting for confounders, were utilized. Data were complete for 605 participants at T1 and 486 (80%) at T2. Of 605 participants: 89% initiated breastfeeding and 38% breastfed for more than 6 months. Breastfeeding for more than 6 months vs “never” was associated with a reduced adjusted relative risk of infant wheeze at T1 (0.54, 95% confidence interval, 0.30‐0.96). Bronchiolitis risk was reduced at T1 and T2 with more tha 6 months of breastfeeding vs “never.” Breastfeeding duration of 1 to 3 months, 4 to 6 months, and more than 6 months were associated with a reduced risk of infant healthcare utilization (all P \u003C .05, vs “never”), but not medication use (P \u003E .05). Breastfeeding for more than 6 months was associated with a reduced risk of wheeze, bronchiolitis, and wheeze‐related healthcare utilization in infants at risk due to maternal asthma. Notably, breastfeeding for shorter durations was associated with a reduced risk of healthcare utilization compared with none. Larger cohorts are needed to further examine the impact of breastfeeding exposure on respiratory health in infants exposed to maternal asthma.","authors":[{"family":"Harvey","given":"Soriah M.","affiliation":"Hunter Medical Research Institute","authorSlug":"soriah-m-harvey-zLg3KE","authorName":"Soriah M. Harvey","authorID":"13309050","authorSequenceNumber":1,"affiliationSlug":"hunter-medical-research-institute-6MnLg","affiliationID":"176710"},{"family":"Murphy","given":"Vanessa E.","affiliation":"Hunter Medical Research Institute","authorSlug":"vanessa-e-murphy-8GO6aQ","authorName":"Vanessa E. Murphy","authorID":"4529065","authorSequenceNumber":2,"affiliationSlug":"hunter-medical-research-institute-6MnLg","affiliationID":"176710"},{"family":"Gibson","given":"Peter G.","affiliation":"Hunter Medical Research Institute","authorSlug":"peter-g-gibson-gZpGXn","authorName":"Peter G. Gibson","authorID":"5722958","authorSequenceNumber":3,"affiliationSlug":"hunter-medical-research-institute-6MnLg","affiliationID":"176710"},{"family":"Collison","given":"Adam","affiliation":"Hunter Medical Research Institute","authorSlug":"adam-collison-pn8Geb","authorName":"Adam Collison","authorID":"4764274","authorSequenceNumber":4,"affiliationSlug":"hunter-medical-research-institute-6MnLg","affiliationID":"176710"},{"family":"Robinson","given":"Paul D.","affiliation":"Woolcock Institute of Medical Research","authorSlug":"paul-d-robinson-jMNMly","authorName":"Paul D. Robinson","authorID":"6476881","authorSequenceNumber":5,"affiliationSlug":"woolcock-institute-of-medical-research-Ybl2","affiliationID":"26107"},{"family":"Sly","given":"Peter D.","affiliation":"Children's Medical Research Institute","authorSlug":"peter-d-sly-68bwD1","authorName":"Peter D. Sly","authorID":"5717598","authorSequenceNumber":6,"affiliationSlug":"children-s-medical-research-institute-5JwW","affiliationID":"13325"},{"family":"Mattes","given":"Joërg","affiliation":"Hunter Medical Research Institute","authorSlug":"joerg-mattes-W8r0zN","authorName":"Joërg Mattes","authorID":"6066948","authorSequenceNumber":7,"affiliationSlug":"hunter-medical-research-institute-6MnLg","affiliationID":"176710"},{"family":"Jensen","given":"Megan E.","affiliation":"Hunter Medical Research Institute","authorSlug":"megan-e-jensen-nd1r6","authorName":"Megan E. Jensen","authorID":"1124333","authorSequenceNumber":8,"affiliationSlug":"hunter-medical-research-institute-6MnLg","affiliationID":"176710"}],"keywords":["asthma","atopy","breastmilk","bronchiolitis","healthcare","infant\u002Fs","maternal","nutrition","offspring","pediatric","respiratory","wheeze"],"year":2020,"shortJournal":"Pediatric Pulmonology","publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","volume":"55","page":"1690-1696","retracted":false,"memberId":311,"issns":["8755-6863","1099-0496"],"editorialNotices":[],"journalSlug":"pediatric-pulmonology-xXgED","journal":"Pediatric Pulmonology","preprintLinks":[],"publicationLinks":[],"normalizedTypes":["article"]},"10.1371\u002Fjournal.pmed.1002507":{"id":219146773,"doi":"10.1371\u002Fjournal.pmed.1002507","slug":"diet-during-pregnancy-and-infancy-r6RPWpN","type":"journal-article","title":"Diet during pregnancy and infancy and risk of allergic or autoimmune disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis","abstract":"BackgroundThere is uncertainty about the influence of diet during pregnancy and infancy on a child’s immune development. We assessed whether variations in maternal or infant diet can influence risk of allergic or autoimmune disease.Methods and findingsTwo authors selected studies, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias. Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) was used to assess certainty of findings. We searched Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Excerpta Medica dataBASE (EMBASE), Web of Science, Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and Literatura Latino Americana em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) between January 1946 and July 2013 for observational studies and until December 2017 for intervention studies that evaluated the relationship between diet during pregnancy, lactation, or the first year of life and future risk of allergic or autoimmune disease. We identified 260 original studies (964,143 participants) of milk feeding, including 1 intervention trial of breastfeeding promotion, and 173 original studies (542,672 participants) of other maternal or infant dietary exposures, including 80 trials of maternal (n = 26), infant (n = 32), or combined (n = 22) interventions. Risk of bias was high in 125 (48%) milk feeding studies and 44 (25%) studies of other dietary exposures. Evidence from 19 intervention trials suggests that oral supplementation with nonpathogenic micro-organisms (probiotics) during late pregnancy and lactation may reduce risk of eczema (Risk Ratio [RR] 0.78; 95% CI 0.68–0.90; I2 = 61%; Absolute Risk Reduction 44 cases per 1,000; 95% CI 20–64), and 6 trials suggest that fish oil supplementation during pregnancy and lactation may reduce risk of allergic sensitisation to egg (RR 0.69, 95% CI 0.53–0.90; I2 = 15%; Absolute Risk Reduction 31 cases per 1,000; 95% CI 10–47). GRADE certainty of these findings was moderate. We found weaker support for the hypotheses that breastfeeding promotion reduces risk of eczema during infancy (1 intervention trial), that longer exclusive breastfeeding is associated with reduced type 1 diabetes mellitus (28 observational studies), and that probiotics reduce risk of allergic sensitisation to cow’s milk (9 intervention trials), where GRADE certainty of findings was low. We did not find that other dietary exposures—including prebiotic supplements, maternal allergenic food avoidance, and vitamin, mineral, fruit, and vegetable intake—influence risk of allergic or autoimmune disease. For many dietary exposures, data were inconclusive or inconsistent, such that we were unable to exclude the possibility of important beneficial or harmful effects. In this comprehensive systematic review, we were not able to include more recent observational studies or verify data via direct contact with authors, and we did not evaluate measures of food diversity during infancy.ConclusionsOur findings support a relationship between maternal diet and risk of immune-mediated diseases in the child. Maternal probiotic and ...","authors":[{"family":"Garcia‐Larsen","given":"Vanessa","affiliation":"Imperial College London","authorSlug":"vanessa-garcia-larsen-LDDGka","authorName":"Vanessa Garcia‐Larsen","authorID":"7740540","authorSequenceNumber":1,"affiliationSlug":"imperial-college-london-0AKb","affiliationID":"17356"},{"family":"Ierodiakonou","given":"Despo","affiliation":"Imperial College London","authorSlug":"despo-ierodiakonou-5G8yjD","authorName":"Despo Ierodiakonou","authorID":"6813469","authorSequenceNumber":2,"affiliationSlug":"imperial-college-london-0AKb","affiliationID":"17356"},{"family":"Jarrold","given":"Katharine","affiliation":"Imperial College London","authorSlug":"katharine-jarrold-VKjE4Z","authorName":"Katharine Jarrold","authorID":"8042582","authorSequenceNumber":3,"affiliationSlug":"imperial-college-london-0AKb","affiliationID":"17356"},{"family":"Cunha","given":"Sérgio Souza da","affiliation":"Imperial College 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