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</ul> </li> <li id="toc-Decolonization_and_independence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Decolonization_and_independence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Decolonization and independence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Decolonization_and_independence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prominent_political_events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prominent_political_events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Prominent political events</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prominent_political_events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Economics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Assassinations_and_attempts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Assassinations_and_attempts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Assassinations and attempts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Assassinations_and_attempts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Science_and_technology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Science_and_technology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Science and technology</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Science_and_technology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Science and technology subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Science_and_technology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Technology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Technology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Technology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Technology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Science" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Science"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Science</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Science-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Popular culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Popular_culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Popular culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Film" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Film"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Film</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Film-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fashion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fashion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Fashion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fashion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-People" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#People"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>People</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-People-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle People subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-People-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Military_leaders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military_leaders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Military leaders</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military_leaders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Activists_and_religious_leaders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Activists_and_religious_leaders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Activists and religious leaders</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Activists_and_religious_leaders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Politics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Scientists_and_Engineers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scientists_and_Engineers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Scientists and Engineers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scientists_and_Engineers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Actors_/_Entertainers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Actors_/_Entertainers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Actors / Entertainers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Actors_/_Entertainers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Musicians" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Musicians"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.6</span> <span>Musicians</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Musicians-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.7</span> <span>Bands</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.8</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Baseball" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Baseball"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.8.1</span> <span>Baseball</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Baseball-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Boxing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Boxing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.8.2</span> <span>Boxing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Boxing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Track_and_Field" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Track_and_Field"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.8.3</span> <span>Track and Field</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Track_and_Field-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-See_also-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle See also subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Timeline" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Timeline"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Timeline</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Timeline-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">1940s</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 108 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-108" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">108 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%82%D8%AF_1940" title="عقد 1940 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عقد 1940" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anyos_1940" title="Anyos 1940 – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Anyos 1940" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ans_1940" title="Ans 1940 – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Ans 1940" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9cada_de_1940" title="Década de 1940 – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Década de 1940" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940-c%C4%B1_ill%C9%99r" title="1940-cı illər – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="1940-cı illər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940-an" title="1940-an – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="1940-an" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940_n%C3%AE-t%C4%81i" title="1940 nî-tāi – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="1940 nî-tāi" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940-%D1%8F" title="1940-я – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="1940-я" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940-%D1%8F" title="1940-я – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="1940-я" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940-%D1%82%D0%B5" title="1940-те – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="1940-те" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940-e" title="1940-e – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="1940-e" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloavezhio%C3%B9_1940" title="Bloavezhioù 1940 – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Bloavezhioù 1940" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A8cada_del_1940" title="Dècada del 1940 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Dècada del 1940" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940-%D0%BC%C4%95%D1%88_%C3%A7%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="1940-мĕш çулсем – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="1940-мĕш çулсем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940%E2%80%931949" title="1940–1949 – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="1940–1949" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940au" title="1940au – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="1940au" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940%27erne" title="1940'erne – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="1940'erne" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%85_1940" title="عوام 1940 – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="عوام 1940" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940-lohku" title="1940-lohku – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="1940-lohku" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940er" title="1940er – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="1940er" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940._aastad" title="1940. aastad – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="1940. aastad" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B5%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%B1_1940" title="Δεκαετία 1940 – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Δεκαετία 1940" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_1940" title="An 1940 – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="An 1940" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940_%D1%86%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8C" title="1940 це иеть – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="1940 це иеть" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C3%B1os_1940" title="Años 1940 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Años 1940" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940-aj_jaroj" title="1940-aj jaroj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="1940-aj jaroj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940ko_hamarkada" title="1940ko hamarkada – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="1940ko hamarkada" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%87%D9%87_%DB%B1%DB%B9%DB%B4%DB%B0_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="دهه ۱۹۴۰ (میلادی) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دهه ۱۹۴۰ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940s" title="1940s – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="1940s" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940-%C3%A1rini" title="1940-árini – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="1940-árini" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1940" title="Années 1940 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Années 1940" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940-er_jierren" title="1940-er jierren – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="1940-er jierren" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940id%C3%AD" title="1940idí – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="1940idí" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940an" title="1940an – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="1940an" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9cada_de_1940" title="Década de 1940 – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Década de 1940" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940-%D0%B3%D3%80%D0%B0_%D1%88%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%88" title="1940-гӀа шераш – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="1940-гӀа шераш" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="1940年代 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="1940年代" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940_ngi%C3%A8n-thoi" title="1940 ngièn-thoi – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="1940 ngièn-thoi" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940%EB%85%84%EB%8C%80" title="1940년대 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="1940년대" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940-ih" title="1940-ih – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="1940-ih" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yari_1940a" title="Yari 1940a – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Yari 1940a" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940-an" title="1940-an – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="1940-an" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annos_1940" title="Annos 1940 – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Annos 1940" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940-%D1%82%C3%A6" title="1940-тæ – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="1940-тæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/1941-1950" title="1941-1950 – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="1941-1950" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anni_1940" title="Anni 1940 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Anni 1940" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94-40_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%94_%D7%94-20" title="שנות ה-40 של המאה ה-20 – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שנות ה-40 של המאה ה-20" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940-an" title="1940-an – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="1940-an" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940-%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="1940-იანები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="1940-იანები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miaka_ya_1940" title="Miaka ya 1940 – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Miaka ya 1940" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940-%D3%A7%D0%B4_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%8F%D1%81" title="1940-ӧд вояс – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="1940-ӧд вояс" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94_1940" title="ທົດສະວັດ 1940 – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ທົດສະວັດ 1940" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anni_1940" title="Anni 1940 – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Anni 1940" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940._gadi" title="1940. gadi – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="1940. gadi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/XX_am%C5%BEiaus_5-asis_de%C5%A1imtmetis" title="XX amžiaus 5-asis dešimtmetis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="XX amžiaus 5-asis dešimtmetis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anni_1940" title="Anni 1940 – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Anni 1940" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940-lugu_vuvvet" title="1940-lugu vuvvet – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="1940-lugu vuvvet" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940-es_%C3%A9vek" title="1940-es évek – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="1940-es évek" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940-%D1%82%D0%B8" title="1940-ти – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="1940-ти" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87.%E0%A4%B8.%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%AA%E0%A5%A6_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%95" title="इ.स.चे १९४० चे दशक – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इ.स.चे १९४० चे दशक" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%82%D8%AF_1940" title="عقد 1940 – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="عقد 1940" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940-an" title="1940-an – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="1940-an" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940-an" title="1940-an – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="1940-an" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940_ni%C3%A8ng-d%C3%A2i" title="1940 nièng-dâi – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="1940 nièng-dâi" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiuhmolpilli_1940" title="Xiuhmolpilli 1940 – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Xiuhmolpilli 1940" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940-1949" title="1940-1949 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="1940-1949" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="1940年代 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="1940年代" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940-%C3%A5rene" title="1940-årene – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="1940-årene" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940-%C3%A5ra" title="1940-åra – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="1940-åra" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna%C3%A9es_1940" title="Annaées 1940 – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Annaées 1940" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ans_1940" title="Ans 1940 – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Ans 1940" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940_%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="1940 ийла – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="1940 ийла" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940-lar" title="1940-lar – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="1940-lar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE" title="1940 ਦਾ ਦਹਾਕਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="1940 ਦਾ ਦਹਾਕਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%8D_%E1%9F%A1%E1%9F%A9%E1%9F%A4%E1%9F%A0" title="ទសវត្សរ៍ ១៩៤០ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ទសវត្សរ៍ ១៩៤០" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lata_40._XX_wieku" title="Lata 40. XX wieku – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Lata 40. XX wieku" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9cada_de_1940" title="Década de 1940 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Década de 1940" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anii_1940" title="Anii 1940 – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Anii 1940" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940_watakuna" title="1940 watakuna – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="1940 watakuna" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940-%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="1940-е годы – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="1940-е годы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940-%D1%81" title="1940-с – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="1940-с" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940s" title="1940s – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="1940s" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitet_1940" title="Vitet 1940 – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Vitet 1940" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940ini" title="1940ini – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="1940ini" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940_%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%81%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BA" title="1940 දශකය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="1940 දශකය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940s" title="1940s – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="1940s" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/40._roky_20._storo%C4%8Dia" title="40. roky 20. storočia – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="40. roky 20. storočia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940." title="1940. – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="1940." data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%95%DB%8C%DB%95%DB%8C_%D9%A1%D9%A9%D9%A4%D9%A0" title="دەیەی ١٩٤٠ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="دەیەی ١٩٤٠" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940-%D0%B5" title="1940-е – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="1940-е" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940-e" title="1940-e – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="1940-e" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940-an" title="1940-an – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="1940-an" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940-luku" title="1940-luku – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="1940-luku" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940-talet" title="1940-talet – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="1940-talet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="1940கள் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="1940கள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940-%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="1940-еллар – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="1940-еллар" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A9_1940" title="คริสต์ทศวรรษ 1940 – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คริสต์ทศวรรษ 1940" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%B0%D0%B8_1940_(%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D3%A3)" title="Даҳаи 1940 (мелодӣ) – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Даҳаи 1940 (мелодӣ)" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940%27lar" title="1940'lar – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="1940'lar" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940%C3%BD%C3%BD" title="1940ýý – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="1940ýý" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940-%D0%B2%D1%96" title="1940-ві – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="1940-ві" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940%D8%A1_%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D8%AF%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C" title="1940ء کی دہائی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="1940ء کی دہائی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BA%ADp_ni%C3%AAn_1940" title="Thập niên 1940 – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thập niên 1940" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/An%C3%AAyes_1940" title="Anêyes 1940 – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Anêyes 1940" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940_nga_dekada" title="1940 nga dekada – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="1940 nga dekada" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940%D7%A2%D7%A8" title="1940ער – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="1940ער" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="1940年代 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="1940年代" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="1940年代 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="1940年代" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Decade of the Gregorian calendar (1940–1949)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"<span style="padding-left:0.15em">'40s</span>" redirects here. For decades comprising years 40–49 of other centuries, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_decades" class="mw-redirect" title="List of decades">List of decades</a>.</div> <figure class="noresize" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/1940s_decade_montage.png/335px-1940s_decade_montage.png" decoding="async" width="335" height="351" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/1940s_decade_montage.png/503px-1940s_decade_montage.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/10/1940s_decade_montage.png 2x" data-file-width="573" data-file-height="600" usemap="#ImageMap_97b4cb36eed8cae1" resource="/wiki/File:1940s_decade_montage.png" /></span><map name="ImageMap_97b4cb36eed8cae1"><area href="/wiki/D-Day" shape="rect" coords="1,1,131,114" alt="D-Day" title="D-Day" /><area href="/wiki/Battle_of_France" shape="rect" coords="133,1,238,114" alt="Battle of France" title="Battle of France" /><area href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" shape="rect" coords="239,1,285,114" alt="The Holocaust" title="The Holocaust" /><area href="/wiki/Auschwitz_concentration_camp" shape="rect" coords="287,1,335,114" alt="Auschwitz concentration camp" title="Auschwitz concentration camp" /><area href="/wiki/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor" shape="rect" coords="1,116,87,224" alt="Pearl Harbor" title="Pearl Harbor" /><area href="/wiki/The_Blitz" shape="rect" coords="88,116,168,224" alt="The Blitz" title="The Blitz" /><area href="/wiki/Atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki" shape="rect" coords="170,116,246,168" alt="Hiroshima and Nagasaki" title="Hiroshima and Nagasaki" /><area href="/wiki/Manhattan_Project" shape="rect" coords="170,170,246,224" alt="Manhattan Project" title="Manhattan Project" /><area href="/wiki/Surrender_of_Japan" shape="rect" coords="248,116,335,224" alt="Surrender of Japan" title="Surrender of Japan" /><area href="/wiki/World_War_II" shape="rect" coords="0,225,335,240" alt="World War II" title="World War II" /><area href="/wiki/Israeli_Declaration_of_Independence" shape="rect" coords="1,241,73,350" alt="Israeli Declaration of Independence" title="Israeli Declaration of Independence" /><area href="/wiki/Nuremberg_trials" shape="rect" coords="75,241,170,350" alt="Nuremberg trials" title="Nuremberg trials" /><area href="/wiki/Marshall_Plan" shape="rect" coords="172,241,256,350" alt="Marshall Plan" title="Marshall Plan" /><area href="/wiki/ENIAC" shape="rect" coords="258,241,335,350" alt="ENIAC" title="ENIAC" /></map><figcaption><b>Above title bar:</b> events during <b><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></b> (1939–1945): From left to right: Troops in an LCVP landing craft approaching <a href="/wiki/Omaha_Beach" title="Omaha Beach">Omaha Beach</a> on <b><a href="/wiki/Normandy_landings" title="Normandy landings">D-Day</a></b>; <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> visits <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, soon after the <b><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_France" title="Battle of France">Battle of France</a></b>; <b><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">The Holocaust</a></b> occurs as <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a> carries out a programme of systematic state-sponsored <a href="/wiki/Genocide" title="Genocide">genocide</a>, during which approximately six million <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Europe#World_War_II_and_the_Holocaust" title="History of the Jews in Europe">European Jews</a> are killed; The <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Japanese</a> <b><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor" title="Attack on Pearl Harbor">attack on the American naval base of Pearl Harbor</a></b> launches the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> into the war; An <a href="/wiki/Royal_Observer_Corps" title="Royal Observer Corps">Observer Corps</a> spotter scans the skies of <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> during the <b><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Britain" title="Battle of Britain">Battle of Britain</a></b> and <b><a href="/wiki/The_Blitz" title="The Blitz">The Blitz</a></b>; The creation of the <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Project" title="Manhattan Project">Manhattan Project</a> leads to the <b><a href="/wiki/Atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki" title="Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki">atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki</a></b>, the first uses of <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapon" title="Nuclear weapon">nuclear weapons</a>, which kill over a quarter million people and lead to the <a href="/wiki/Surrender_of_Japan" title="Surrender of Japan">Japanese surrender</a>; Japanese Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Mamoru_Shigemitsu" title="Mamoru Shigemitsu">Mamoru Shigemitsu</a> signs the <b><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Instrument_of_Surrender" title="Japanese Instrument of Surrender">Instrument of Surrender</a></b> on behalf of the Japanese Government, on board <a href="/wiki/USS_Missouri_(BB-63)" title="USS Missouri (BB-63)">USS <i>Missouri</i></a>, effectively ending the war. <br /><b>Below title bar:</b> events after World War II: From left to right: The <b><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Israeli Declaration of Independence">Declaration of the State of Israel</a></b> in 1948; The <b><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_trials" title="Nuremberg trials">Nuremberg trials</a></b> are held after the war, in which the prominent members of the political, military, and economic leadership of the defeated Nazi Germany are prosecuted; After the war, the United States carries out the <b><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Plan" title="Marshall Plan">Marshall Plan</a></b>, which aims at rebuilding Western Europe; <b><a href="/wiki/ENIAC" title="ENIAC">ENIAC</a></b>, the world's first general-purpose electronic <a href="/wiki/Computer" title="Computer">computer</a>.</figcaption></figure> <style 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.sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Millennium</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <a href="/wiki/2nd_millennium" title="2nd millennium">2nd millennium</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Centuries</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/19th_century" title="19th century">19th century</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/20th_century" title="20th century">20th century</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/21st_century" title="21st century">21st century</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Decades</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1920s" title="1920s">1920s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1930s" title="1930s">1930s</a></li> <li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1940s</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1950s" title="1950s">1950s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960s" title="1960s">1960s</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_years" title="List of years">Years</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AD_1940" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1940">1940</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1941" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1941">1941</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1942" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1942">1942</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1943" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1943">1943</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1944" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1944">1944</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AD_1945" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1945">1945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1946" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1946">1946</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1947" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1947">1947</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1948" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1948">1948</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1949" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1949">1949</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Categories</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1940s_births" title="Category:1940s births">Births</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1940s_deaths" title="Category:1940s deaths">Deaths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1940s_by_country" title="Category:1940s by country">By country</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1940s_establishments" title="Category:1940s establishments">Establishments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1940s_disestablishments" title="Category:1940s disestablishments">Disestablishments</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Decadebox" title="Template:Decadebox"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Decadebox" title="Template talk:Decadebox"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Decadebox" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Decadebox"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>1940s</b> (pronounced "nineteen-forties" and commonly abbreviated as "<b>the '40s</b>" or "<b>the Forties</b>") was a <a href="/wiki/Decade" title="Decade">decade</a> that began on January 1, 1940, and ended on December 31, 1949. </p><p>Most of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> took place in the first half of the decade, which had a profound effect on most countries and people in <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a>, and elsewhere. The consequences of the war lingered well into the second half of the decade, with a war-weary Europe divided between the jostling <a href="/wiki/Sphere_of_influence" title="Sphere of influence">spheres of influence</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Western_world" title="Western world">Western world</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>, leading to the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>. To some degree internal and external tensions in the <a href="/wiki/Post-war" title="Post-war">post-war</a> era were managed by new institutions, including the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Welfare_state" title="Welfare state">welfare state</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Bretton_Woods_system" title="Bretton Woods system">Bretton Woods system</a>, facilitating the <a href="/wiki/Post%E2%80%93World_War_II_economic_expansion" title="Post–World War II economic expansion">post–World War II economic expansion</a>, which lasted well into the 1970s. The conditions of the post-war world encouraged <a href="/wiki/Decolonization" title="Decolonization">decolonization</a> and the emergence of new states and governments, with <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a>, and others declaring independence, although rarely without bloodshed. The decade also witnessed the early beginnings of new technologies (such as <a href="/wiki/Computer" title="Computer">computers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power" title="Nuclear power">nuclear power</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jet_engine" title="Jet engine">jet propulsion</a>), often first developed in tandem with the war effort, and later adapted and improved upon in the post-war era. </p><p>The world population increased from about 2.25 to 2.5 billion over the course of the decade, with about 850 million births and 600 million deaths in total. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics_and_wars">Politics and wars</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1940s&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Politics and wars"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_in_the_1940s" title="List of sovereign states in the 1940s">List of sovereign states in the 1940s</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag-map_of_the_world_(1942).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag-map_of_the_world_%281942%29.png/750px-Flag-map_of_the_world_%281942%29.png" decoding="async" width="750" height="372" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag-map_of_the_world_%281942%29.png/1125px-Flag-map_of_the_world_%281942%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag-map_of_the_world_%281942%29.png/1500px-Flag-map_of_the_world_%281942%29.png 2x" data-file-width="4500" data-file-height="2234" /></a><figcaption>Flag map of the world from 1942, during World War II</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wars">Wars</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1940s&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Wars"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_1900%E2%80%931944#1930–1944" class="mw-redirect" title="List of wars 1900–1944">List of wars 1900–1944 § 1930–1944</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_1945%E2%80%931989#1945–1949" class="mw-redirect" title="List of wars 1945–1989">List of wars 1945–1989 § 1945–1949</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:EasternFrontWWIIcolage.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/EasternFrontWWIIcolage.png/250px-EasternFrontWWIIcolage.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="298" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/EasternFrontWWIIcolage.png/375px-EasternFrontWWIIcolage.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/EasternFrontWWIIcolage.png/500px-EasternFrontWWIIcolage.png 2x" data-file-width="754" data-file-height="899" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:German_Reich_1942.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/German_Reich_1942.svg/220px-German_Reich_1942.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/German_Reich_1942.svg/330px-German_Reich_1942.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/German_Reich_1942.svg/440px-German_Reich_1942.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="456" /></a><figcaption>In Green: <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">German Reich</a> at its peak (1942): <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#336733; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Germany</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#55c255; color:black;"> </span> Civilian-administered occupied territories <i>(<a href="/wiki/Reichskommissariat" title="Reichskommissariat">Reichskommissariat</a></i> and <a href="/wiki/General_Government" title="General Government">General Government</a>)</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#a5dfa5; color:black;"> </span> Military-administered occupied territories <i>(<a href="/wiki/Military_Administration_(Nazi_Germany)" title="Military Administration (Nazi Germany)">Militärverwaltung</a>)</i></div></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> (1939–1945) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a> invades <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Benelux" title="Benelux">Benelux</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/French_Third_Republic" title="French Third Republic">French Third Republic</a> from 1939 to 1941.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> invades <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a>, occupies <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a> and Romanian region of <a href="/wiki/Bessarabia" title="Bessarabia">Bessarabia</a> from 1939 to 1941.</li> <li>Germany faces the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Britain" title="Battle of Britain">Battle of Britain</a> (1940). It was the first major campaign to be fought entirely by air forces, and was the largest and most sustained aerial bombing campaign up until that date.</li> <li>Germany <a href="/wiki/Operation_Barbarossa" title="Operation Barbarossa">attacks</a> the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> (June 22, 1941).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continuation_War" title="Continuation War">Continuation War</a> (Second Soviet-Finnish War), was a conflict fought by Finland and Nazi Germany against the Soviet Union from 25 June 1941 – 19 September 1944.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> enters <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> after the <a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor" title="Attack on Pearl Harbor">attack on Pearl Harbor</a> on December 7, 1941. It would face the <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Empire of Japan</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_War" title="Pacific War">Pacific War</a>.</li> <li>Germany, Italy, and Japan suffer defeats at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stalingrad" title="Battle of Stalingrad">Stalingrad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_El_Alamein" title="Second Battle of El Alamein">El Alamein</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Midway" title="Battle of Midway">Midway</a> in 1942 and 1943.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Ghetto_Uprising" title="Warsaw Ghetto Uprising">Warsaw Ghetto Uprising</a> in 1943 was the largest Jewish uprising in Nazi-occupied Poland.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Uprising" title="Warsaw Uprising">Warsaw Uprising</a> against Nazis in 1944 in Poland was the single largest military effort taken by any European resistance movement during World War II.The United States Army Air Forces send support for Poles on September 18, 1944, when flight of 110 <a href="/wiki/B-17" class="mw-redirect" title="B-17">B-17s</a> of the 3 division Eighth Air Force airdropped supply for soldiers.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Normandy_landings" title="Normandy landings">Normandy landings</a>. The forces of the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Western Allies</a> land on the beaches of <a href="/wiki/Normandy" title="Normandy">Normandy</a> in Northern France (June 6, 1944).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yalta_Conference" title="Yalta Conference">Yalta Conference</a>, wartime meeting from February 4, 1945, to February 11, 1945, among the heads of government of the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Soviet Union—<a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Premier of the Soviet Union">Premier</a> <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a>, respectively—for the purpose of discussing Europe's postwar reorganization, intended to discuss the re-establishment of the nations of war-torn Europe.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">The Holocaust</a>, also known as The Shoah (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <i><span title="Hebrew-language text"><span lang="he" dir="rtl">השואה</span></span></i>, Latinized <i>ha'shoah</i>; <a href="/wiki/Yiddish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Yiddish language">Yiddish</a>: <i><span title="Yiddish-language text"><span lang="yi" dir="rtl">חורבן</span></span></i>, Latinized <i><span title="Yiddish-language romanization"><i lang="yi-Latn">churben</i></span></i> or <i><span title="Yiddish-language romanization"><i lang="yi-Latn">hurban</i></span></i><sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) is the term generally used to describe the <a href="/wiki/Genocide" title="Genocide">genocide</a> of approximately six million European <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a> during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, a program of systematic state-sponsored extermination by <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a>, under <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Axis_powers" title="Axis powers">its allies</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Collaboration_with_Nazi_Germany_and_Fascist_Italy" title="Collaboration with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy">collaborators</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Niewyk1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Niewyk1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some scholars maintain that the definition of the Holocaust should also include the Nazis' systematic murder of millions of people in other groups, including <a href="/wiki/Nazi_crimes_against_ethnic_Poles" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi crimes against ethnic Poles">ethnic Poles</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Porajmos" class="mw-redirect" title="Porajmos">Romani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Generalplan_Ost" title="Generalplan Ost">Soviet civilians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Extermination_of_Soviet_prisoners_of_war_by_Nazi_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Extermination of Soviet prisoners of war by Nazi Germany">Soviet prisoners of war</a>, <a href="/wiki/Action_T4" class="mw-redirect" title="Action T4">people with disabilities</a>, <a href="/wiki/History_of_homosexual_people_in_Nazi_Germany_and_the_Holocaust" class="mw-redirect" title="History of homosexual people in Nazi Germany and the Holocaust">gay men</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Holocaust_victims" title="Holocaust victims">political and religious opponents</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By this definition, the total number of <a href="/wiki/Holocaust_victims" title="Holocaust victims">Holocaust victims</a> is between 11 million and 17 million people.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_repressions_of_Polish_citizens_(1939%E2%80%931946)" title="Soviet repressions of Polish citizens (1939–1946)">Soviet repressions of Polish citizens (1939–1946)</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/German_Instrument_of_Surrender" title="German Instrument of Surrender">German Instrument of Surrender</a> signed (May 7–8, 1945). <a href="/wiki/Victory_in_Europe_Day" title="Victory in Europe Day">Victory in Europe Day</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki" title="Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki">Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki</a> (August 6 and August 9, 1945); <a href="/wiki/Surrender_of_Japan" title="Surrender of Japan">Surrender of Japan</a> on August 15.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> officially ends on September 2, 1945.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_wars_and_conflicts" title="Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts">Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1947" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1947">Indo-Pakistani War of 1947</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict" title="Arab–Israeli conflict">Arab–Israeli conflict</a> (Early 20th century–present) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1948_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_War" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War">1948 Arab–Israeli War</a> (1948–1949) – The war was fought between the newly declared State of Israel and its Arab neighbours. The war commenced upon the termination of the <a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">British Mandate of Palestine</a> in mid-May 1948. After the Arab rejection of the 1947 <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Partition_Plan_for_Palestine" title="United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine">United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine</a> (UN General Assembly Resolution 181) that would have created an Arab state and a Jewish state side by side, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon and Syria attacked the state of Israel. In its conclusion, Israel managed to defeat the Arab armies.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_National_Revolution" title="Indonesian National Revolution">Indonesian War of Independence</a> (1945–1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Indochina_War" title="First Indochina War">First Indochina War</a> (1946–1954)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Major_political_changes">Major political changes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1940s&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Major political changes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Establishment of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Charter" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Charter">United Nations Charter</a> (June 26, 1945) effective (October 24, 1945).</li> <li>Establishment of the defence alliance <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> April 4, 1949.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Internal_conflicts">Internal conflicts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1940s&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Internal conflicts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1947%E2%80%931948_Civil_War_in_Mandatory_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="1947–1948 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine">1947–1948 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Revolution" title="Chinese Communist Revolution">Victory</a> of <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Chinese Communist Party</a> led by <a href="/wiki/Mao_Zedong" title="Mao Zedong">Mao Zedong</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">Chinese Civil War</a>.</li> <li>Beginning of <a href="/wiki/Greek_Civil_War" title="Greek Civil War">Greek Civil War</a>, which extends from 1946 to 1949.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Decolonization_and_independence">Decolonization and independence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1940s&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Decolonization and independence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_N_1576_Bild-003,_Warschau,_Bettelnde_Kinder.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Bundesarchiv_N_1576_Bild-003%2C_Warschau%2C_Bettelnde_Kinder.jpg/200px-Bundesarchiv_N_1576_Bild-003%2C_Warschau%2C_Bettelnde_Kinder.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Bundesarchiv_N_1576_Bild-003%2C_Warschau%2C_Bettelnde_Kinder.jpg/300px-Bundesarchiv_N_1576_Bild-003%2C_Warschau%2C_Bettelnde_Kinder.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Bundesarchiv_N_1576_Bild-003%2C_Warschau%2C_Bettelnde_Kinder.jpg/400px-Bundesarchiv_N_1576_Bild-003%2C_Warschau%2C_Bettelnde_Kinder.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="514" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Ghetto" title="Warsaw Ghetto">Warsaw Ghetto</a> (1940–1943), photographed using <a href="/wiki/Agfacolor" title="Agfacolor">Agfacolor</a> process.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Declaration_of_State_of_Israel_1948.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Declaration_of_State_of_Israel_1948.jpg/200px-Declaration_of_State_of_Israel_1948.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Declaration_of_State_of_Israel_1948.jpg/300px-Declaration_of_State_of_Israel_1948.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Declaration_of_State_of_Israel_1948.jpg/400px-Declaration_of_State_of_Israel_1948.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/David_Ben-Gurion" title="David Ben-Gurion">David Ben-Gurion</a> proclaiming Israeli independence from the United Kingdom on May 14, 1948.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>1944 – <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a> declares independence from <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>.</li> <li>1945 – <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> declares independence from the Netherlands (effective in 1949 after a <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_National_Revolution" title="Indonesian National Revolution">bitter armed and diplomatic struggle</a>).</li> <li>1945 - <a href="/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Korea</a> is liberated after <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> surrenders.</li> <li>1946 – The <a href="/wiki/French_Mandate_for_Syria_and_the_Lebanon" class="mw-redirect" title="French Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon">French Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon</a> dissolves to the independent states of <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a>. The French settlers are forced to evacuate the French colony in Syria. The <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> declares independence from the US.</li> <li>1947 – The <a href="/wiki/Partition_of_India" title="Partition of India">Partition</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Presidencies_and_provinces_of_British_India" title="Presidencies and provinces of British India">Presidencies and provinces of British India</a> into a secular <a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_India" title="Dominion of India">Union of India</a> and a predominantly Muslim <a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_Pakistan" title="Dominion of Pakistan">Dominion of Pakistan</a> leads to the deaths of millions.</li> <li>1948 – <a href="/wiki/British_rule_in_Burma" title="British rule in Burma">British rule in Burma</a> ends. The <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">State of Israel</a> is <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Israeli Declaration of Independence">established</a>.</li> <li>1949 – The <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China">People's Republic of China</a> is officially proclaimed.</li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prominent_political_events">Prominent political events</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1940s&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Prominent political events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1940s&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2018</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>Postwar occupations of <a href="/wiki/Allied-occupied_Germany" title="Allied-occupied Germany">Germany</a> and <a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Japan" title="Occupation of Japan">Japan</a> from 1945.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/1946_Italian_institutional_referendum" title="1946 Italian institutional referendum">1946 Italian institutional referendum</a> replaces the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">monarchy</a> with a republic.</li> <li>Dissolution of the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations" title="League of Nations">League of Nations</a> on 20 April 1946. Much of its assets were transferred to the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>.</li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economics">Economics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1940s&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Economics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1940s&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2018</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Bretton_Woods_Conference" title="Bretton Woods Conference">Bretton Woods Conference</a> was the gathering of 730 delegates from all 44 <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allied nations</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Mount_Washington_Hotel" title="Mount Washington Hotel">Mount Washington Hotel</a>, situated in <a href="/wiki/Bretton_Woods,_New_Hampshire" title="Bretton Woods, New Hampshire">Bretton Woods</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a>, United States, to regulate the <a href="/wiki/International_monetary_systems" class="mw-redirect" title="International monetary systems">international monetary and financial order</a> after the conclusion of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. The conference was held from July 1–22, 1944. It established the <a href="/wiki/International_Bank_for_Reconstruction_and_Development" title="International Bank for Reconstruction and Development">International Bank for Reconstruction and Development</a> (IBRD) and the <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a> (IMF), and created the <a href="/wiki/Bretton_Woods_system" title="Bretton Woods system">Bretton Woods system</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Assassinations_and_attempts">Assassinations and attempts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1940s&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Assassinations and attempts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Prominent assassinations, targeted killings, and assassination attempts include: </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Leon_Trotsky,_1930s.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Leon_Trotsky%2C_1930s.jpg/100px-Leon_Trotsky%2C_1930s.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Leon_Trotsky%2C_1930s.jpg/150px-Leon_Trotsky%2C_1930s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Leon_Trotsky%2C_1930s.jpg/200px-Leon_Trotsky%2C_1930s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2850" data-file-height="3592" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Leon_Trotsky" title="Leon Trotsky">Leon Trotsky</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:R-Heydrich.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/R-Heydrich.jpg/100px-R-Heydrich.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/R-Heydrich.jpg/150px-R-Heydrich.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/R-Heydrich.jpg/200px-R-Heydrich.jpg 2x" data-file-width="540" data-file-height="781" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Reinhard_Heydrich" title="Reinhard Heydrich">Reinhard Heydrich</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yamamoto-Isoroku.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Yamamoto-Isoroku.jpg/100px-Yamamoto-Isoroku.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Yamamoto-Isoroku.jpg/150px-Yamamoto-Isoroku.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Yamamoto-Isoroku.jpg/200px-Yamamoto-Isoroku.jpg 2x" data-file-width="540" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Isoroku_Yamamoto" title="Isoroku Yamamoto">Isoroku Yamamoto</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mohandas_K._Gandhi,_portrait,_1946.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Mohandas_K._Gandhi%2C_portrait%2C_1946.jpg/100px-Mohandas_K._Gandhi%2C_portrait%2C_1946.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Mohandas_K._Gandhi%2C_portrait%2C_1946.jpg/150px-Mohandas_K._Gandhi%2C_portrait%2C_1946.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Mohandas_K._Gandhi%2C_portrait%2C_1946.jpg/200px-Mohandas_K._Gandhi%2C_portrait%2C_1946.jpg 2x" data-file-width="719" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li>August 20, 1940 – <a href="/wiki/Leon_Trotsky" title="Leon Trotsky">Leon Trotsky</a>, a Russian revolutionary and Soviet politician is attacked by <a href="/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Mercader" title="Ramón Mercader">Ramón Mercader</a> using an <a href="/wiki/Ice_axe" title="Ice axe">ice axe</a>. Trotsky died the next day from <a href="/wiki/Exsanguination" title="Exsanguination">exsanguination</a> and shock.</li> <li>May 27, 1942 – <a href="/wiki/Reinhard_Heydrich" title="Reinhard Heydrich">Reinhard Heydrich</a>, a high-ranking Nazi official who played a key role in the <a href="/wiki/Holocaust" class="mw-redirect" title="Holocaust">Holocaust</a>, helping to develop the <a href="/wiki/Final_Solution" title="Final Solution">Final Solution</a>, is assassinated with a converted anti-tank mine in an <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Reinhard_Heydrich" title="Assassination of Reinhard Heydrich">attack</a> by two British-trained and equipped Czech paratroopers in Prague, dying of his wounds on June 4.</li> <li>December 24, 1942 – <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Darlan" title="François Darlan">François Darlan</a>, French <a href="/wiki/Admiral" title="Admiral">Admiral</a> and political figure, is assassinated by <a href="/wiki/Fernand_Bonnier_de_La_Chapelle" title="Fernand Bonnier de La Chapelle">Fernand Bonnier de La Chapelle</a> in <a href="/wiki/Algiers" title="Algiers">Algiers</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_Algeria" title="French Algeria">French Algeria</a>.</li> <li>April 18, 1943 – In a <a href="/wiki/Operation_Vengeance" title="Operation Vengeance">targeted killing</a>, Japanese admiral <a href="/wiki/Isoroku_Yamamoto" title="Isoroku Yamamoto">Isoroku Yamamoto</a>, who oversaw the operation against <a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor" title="Attack on Pearl Harbor">Pearl Harbor</a>, is killed when the bomber transporting him is shot down by <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_P-38_Lightning" title="Lockheed P-38 Lightning">P-38</a> fighters over <a href="/wiki/Bougainville_Island" title="Bougainville Island">Bougainville</a>.</li> <li>July 20, 1944 – <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a>, German fascist <a href="/wiki/Dictator" title="Dictator">dictator</a> is attacked with a bomb by anti-Nazi Colonel <a href="/wiki/Claus_von_Stauffenberg" title="Claus von Stauffenberg">Claus von Stauffenberg</a> and others of the <a href="/wiki/German_resistance_to_Nazism" title="German resistance to Nazism">German resistance</a> in the <a href="/wiki/20th_July_plot" class="mw-redirect" title="20th July plot">20th July plot</a>. Hitler survives with minor wounds and the suspects are either arrested or executed.</li> <li>January 30, 1948 – <a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a>, Indian activist and leader of the Indian independence movement is <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Assassination of Mahatma Gandhi">assassinated</a> by <a href="/wiki/Nathuram_Godse" title="Nathuram Godse">Nathuram Godse</a> using a pistol.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Science_and_technology">Science and technology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1940s&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Science and technology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Technology">Technology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1940s&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Technology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Atanasoff-Berry_computer" class="mw-redirect" title="Atanasoff-Berry computer">Atanasoff-Berry computer</a> is now considered one of the first electronic digital computing device built by <a href="/wiki/John_Vincent_Atanasoff" title="John Vincent Atanasoff">John Vincent Atanasoff</a> and <a href="/wiki/Clifford_Berry" title="Clifford Berry">Clifford Berry</a> at <a href="/wiki/Iowa_State_University" title="Iowa State University">Iowa State University</a> during 1937–1942.</li> <li>Construction in early 1941 of the <a href="/wiki/Heath_Robinson" class="mw-redirect" title="Heath Robinson">Heath Robinson</a> <a href="/wiki/Bombe" title="Bombe">Bombe</a> & the <a href="/wiki/Colossus_computer" title="Colossus computer">Colossus computer</a>, which was used by British codebreakers at Bletchley Park and satellite stations nearby to read <a href="/wiki/Enigma_machine" title="Enigma machine">Enigma</a> encrypted German messages during World War II. This was operational until 1946 when it was destroyed under orders from Winston Churchill. This is now widely regarded as the first operational computer which in a model rebuild still today has a remarkable computing speed.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Z3_(computer)" title="Z3 (computer)">Z3</a> as world's first working programmable, fully automatic computing machine was built.</li> <li>The first test of technology for an atomic weapon (<a href="/wiki/Trinity_(nuclear_test)" title="Trinity (nuclear test)">Trinity test</a>) as part of the <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Project" title="Manhattan Project">Manhattan Project</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Sound_barrier" title="Sound barrier">sound barrier</a> was broken in October, 1947.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Transistor" title="Transistor">transistor</a> was invented in December, 1947 at <a href="/wiki/Bell_Labs" title="Bell Labs">Bell Labs</a>.</li> <li>The development of <a href="/wiki/Radar" title="Radar">radar</a>.</li> <li>The development of <a href="/wiki/Ballistic_missiles" class="mw-redirect" title="Ballistic missiles">ballistic missiles</a>.</li> <li>The development of <a href="/wiki/Jet_aircraft" title="Jet aircraft">jet aircraft</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Willys_MB" title="Willys MB">Jeep</a>.</li> <li>The development of commercial <a href="/wiki/Television" title="Television">television</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Slinky" title="Slinky">Slinky</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Microwave_oven" title="Microwave oven">microwave oven</a>.</li> <li>The invention of <a href="/wiki/Velcro" title="Velcro">Velcro</a>.</li> <li>The invention of <a href="/wiki/Tupperware" title="Tupperware">Tupperware</a>.</li> <li>The invention of the <a href="/wiki/Frisbee" title="Frisbee">Frisbee</a>.</li> <li>The invention of <a href="/wiki/Hydraulic_fracturing" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydraulic fracturing">hydraulic fracturing</a>.</li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 812px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Two_women_operating_ENIAC.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="ENIAC, the first general-purpose electronic computer, operated by Betty Jennings and Frances Bilas"><img alt="ENIAC, the first general-purpose electronic computer, operated by Betty Jennings and Frances Bilas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Two_women_operating_ENIAC.gif/160px-Two_women_operating_ENIAC.gif" decoding="async" width="160" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Two_women_operating_ENIAC.gif/240px-Two_women_operating_ENIAC.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Two_women_operating_ENIAC.gif/320px-Two_women_operating_ENIAC.gif 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="422" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/ENIAC" title="ENIAC">ENIAC</a>, the first general-purpose electronic <a href="/wiki/Computer" title="Computer">computer</a>, operated by <a href="/wiki/Jean_Bartik" title="Jean Bartik">Betty Jennings</a> and <a href="/wiki/Frances_Spence" title="Frances Spence">Frances Bilas</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Atanasoff-Berry_Computer_at_Durhum_Center.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Atanasoff–Berry Computer replica at 1st floor of Durham Center, Iowa State University"><img alt="Atanasoff–Berry Computer replica at 1st floor of Durham Center, Iowa State University" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Atanasoff-Berry_Computer_at_Durhum_Center.jpg/144px-Atanasoff-Berry_Computer_at_Durhum_Center.jpg" decoding="async" width="144" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Atanasoff-Berry_Computer_at_Durhum_Center.jpg/216px-Atanasoff-Berry_Computer_at_Durhum_Center.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Atanasoff-Berry_Computer_at_Durhum_Center.jpg/288px-Atanasoff-Berry_Computer_at_Durhum_Center.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1042" data-file-height="1156" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Atanasoff%E2%80%93Berry_Computer" class="mw-redirect" title="Atanasoff–Berry Computer">Atanasoff–Berry Computer</a> replica at 1st floor of Durham Center, Iowa State University</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Trinity_shot_color.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="July 16, 1945 - The Manhattan Project - The atomic age begins with the Trinity nuclear test, during which the United States detonates a nuclear bomb based on plutonium at the Trinity Site in New Mexico"><img alt="July 16, 1945 - The Manhattan Project - The atomic age begins with the Trinity nuclear test, during which the United States detonates a nuclear bomb based on plutonium at the Trinity Site in New Mexico" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Trinity_shot_color.jpg/139px-Trinity_shot_color.jpg" decoding="async" width="139" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Trinity_shot_color.jpg/209px-Trinity_shot_color.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Trinity_shot_color.jpg/278px-Trinity_shot_color.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2426" data-file-height="2790" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">July 16, 1945 - The <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Project" title="Manhattan Project">Manhattan Project</a> - The atomic age begins with the <a href="/wiki/Trinity_(nuclear_test)" title="Trinity (nuclear test)">Trinity nuclear test</a>, during which the United States detonates a nuclear bomb based on plutonium at the Trinity Site in <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Science">Science</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1940s&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Science"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Physics: the development of <a href="/wiki/Quantum_mechanics" title="Quantum mechanics">quantum theory</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_physics" title="Nuclear physics">nuclear physics</a>.</li> <li>Mathematics: the development of <a href="/wiki/Game_theory" title="Game theory">game theory</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cryptography" title="Cryptography">cryptography</a>.</li> <li>In 1947, <a href="/wiki/Thor_Heyerdahl" title="Thor Heyerdahl">Thor Heyerdahl</a>'s raft <i><a href="/wiki/Kon-Tiki" class="mw-redirect" title="Kon-Tiki">Kon-Tiki</a></i> crossed the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Pacific Ocean</a> from <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a> to <a href="/wiki/Tahiti" title="Tahiti">Tahiti</a> proving the practical possibility that people from <a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South America</a> could have settled <a href="/wiki/Polynesia" title="Polynesia">Polynesia</a> in <a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian_era" title="Pre-Columbian era">pre-Columbian times</a>, rather than South-East Asia as it was previously believed.</li> <li>June 14, 1949, <a href="/wiki/Albert_II_(monkey)" title="Albert II (monkey)">Albert II</a> a <a href="/wiki/Rhesus_macaque" title="Rhesus macaque">rhesus macaque</a> monkey, became the first mammal is space during a U.S. suborbital flight on a <a href="/wiki/V-2_sounding_rocket" title="V-2 sounding rocket">V-2 sounding rocket</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willard_Libby" title="Willard Libby">Willard Libby</a> developed <a href="/wiki/Radiocarbon_dating" title="Radiocarbon dating">radiocarbon dating</a>—a process that revolutionized <a href="/wiki/Archaeology" title="Archaeology">archaeology</a>.</li> <li>The development of the <a href="/wiki/Modern_synthesis_(20th_century)" title="Modern synthesis (20th century)">modern evolutionary synthesis</a>.</li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 812px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:First_photo_from_space.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="October 24, 1946: V-2 rocket takes first picture of Earth from outer space"><img alt="October 24, 1946: V-2 rocket takes first picture of Earth from outer space" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/First_photo_from_space.jpg/160px-First_photo_from_space.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/First_photo_from_space.jpg/240px-First_photo_from_space.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/First_photo_from_space.jpg/320px-First_photo_from_space.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1619" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">October 24, 1946: V-2 rocket takes first picture of Earth from outer space</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Expedition_Kon-Tiki_1947._Across_the_Pacific._(8765728430).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Thor Heyerdahl's raft Kon-Tiki crossed the Pacific Ocean from Peru to Tahiti proving the practical possibility that people from South America could have settled Polynesia in pre-Columbian times"><img alt="Thor Heyerdahl's raft Kon-Tiki crossed the Pacific Ocean from Peru to Tahiti proving the practical possibility that people from South America could have settled Polynesia in pre-Columbian times" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Expedition_Kon-Tiki_1947._Across_the_Pacific._%288765728430%29.jpg/160px-Expedition_Kon-Tiki_1947._Across_the_Pacific._%288765728430%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Expedition_Kon-Tiki_1947._Across_the_Pacific._%288765728430%29.jpg/240px-Expedition_Kon-Tiki_1947._Across_the_Pacific._%288765728430%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Expedition_Kon-Tiki_1947._Across_the_Pacific._%288765728430%29.jpg/320px-Expedition_Kon-Tiki_1947._Across_the_Pacific._%288765728430%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2012" data-file-height="1437" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Thor_Heyerdahl" title="Thor Heyerdahl">Thor Heyerdahl</a>'s raft <i><a href="/wiki/Kon-Tiki" class="mw-redirect" title="Kon-Tiki">Kon-Tiki</a></i> crossed the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Pacific Ocean</a> from <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a> to <a href="/wiki/Tahiti" title="Tahiti">Tahiti</a> proving the practical possibility that people from <a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South America</a> could have settled <a href="/wiki/Polynesia" title="Polynesia">Polynesia</a> in <a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian_era" title="Pre-Columbian era">pre-Columbian times</a></div> </li> </ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Popular_culture">Popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1940s&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Film">Film</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1940s&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Film"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/1940s_in_film" title="1940s in film">1940s in film</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Orson_Welles-Citizen_Kane1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Orson_Welles-Citizen_Kane1.jpg/220px-Orson_Welles-Citizen_Kane1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Orson_Welles-Citizen_Kane1.jpg/330px-Orson_Welles-Citizen_Kane1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Orson_Welles-Citizen_Kane1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="405" data-file-height="283" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Orson_Welles" title="Orson Welles">Orson Welles</a> as Charles Foster Kane in <i><a href="/wiki/Citizen_Kane" title="Citizen Kane">Citizen Kane</a></i> (1941)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Casablanca,_Trailer_Screenshot.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Casablanca%2C_Trailer_Screenshot.JPG/220px-Casablanca%2C_Trailer_Screenshot.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Casablanca%2C_Trailer_Screenshot.JPG/330px-Casablanca%2C_Trailer_Screenshot.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Casablanca%2C_Trailer_Screenshot.JPG/440px-Casablanca%2C_Trailer_Screenshot.JPG 2x" data-file-width="566" data-file-height="438" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Humphrey_Bogart" title="Humphrey Bogart">Humphrey Bogart</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ingrid_Bergman" title="Ingrid Bergman">Ingrid Bergman</a> as Rick Blaine and Ilsa Lund in the trailer for <i><a href="/wiki/Casablanca_(film)" title="Casablanca (film)">Casablanca</a></i> (1942)</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Oscar winners: <i><a href="/wiki/Rebecca_(1940_film)" title="Rebecca (1940 film)">Rebecca</a></i> (1940), <i><a href="/wiki/How_Green_Was_My_Valley_(film)" title="How Green Was My Valley (film)">How Green Was My Valley</a></i> (1941), <i><a href="/wiki/Mrs._Miniver" title="Mrs. Miniver">Mrs. Miniver</a></i> (1942), <i><a href="/wiki/Casablanca_(film)" title="Casablanca (film)">Casablanca</a></i> (1943), <i><a href="/wiki/Going_My_Way" title="Going My Way">Going My Way</a></i> (1944), <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lost_Weekend_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Lost Weekend (film)">The Lost Weekend</a></i> (1945), <i><a href="/wiki/The_Best_Years_of_Our_Lives" title="The Best Years of Our Lives">The Best Years of Our Lives</a></i> (1946), <i><a href="/wiki/Gentleman%27s_Agreement" title="Gentleman's Agreement">Gentleman's Agreement</a></i> (1947), <i><a href="/wiki/Hamlet_(1948_film)" title="Hamlet (1948 film)">Hamlet</a></i> (1948), <i><a href="/wiki/All_the_King%27s_Men_(1949_film)" title="All the King's Men (1949 film)">All the King's Men</a></i> (1949).</li> <li>Some of Hollywood's most notable <a href="/wiki/Blockbuster_(entertainment)" title="Blockbuster (entertainment)">blockbuster films</a> of the 1940s include: <i><a href="/wiki/The_Maltese_Falcon_(1941_film)" title="The Maltese Falcon (1941 film)">The Maltese Falcon</a></i> directed by <a href="/wiki/John_Huston" title="John Huston">John Huston</a> (1941), <i><a href="/wiki/It%27s_a_Wonderful_Life" title="It's a Wonderful Life">It's a Wonderful Life</a></i> directed by <a href="/wiki/Frank_Capra" title="Frank Capra">Frank Capra</a> (1946), <i><a href="/wiki/Double_Indemnity" title="Double Indemnity">Double Indemnity</a></i> directed by <a href="/wiki/Billy_Wilder" title="Billy Wilder">Billy Wilder</a> (1944), <i><a href="/wiki/Meet_Me_in_St._Louis" title="Meet Me in St. Louis">Meet Me in St. Louis</a></i> directed by <a href="/wiki/Vincente_Minnelli" title="Vincente Minnelli">Vincente Minnelli</a> (1944), <i><a href="/wiki/Casablanca_(film)" title="Casablanca (film)">Casablanca</a></i> directed by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Curtiz" title="Michael Curtiz">Michael Curtiz</a> (1942), <i><a href="/wiki/Citizen_Kane" title="Citizen Kane">Citizen Kane</a></i> directed by <a href="/wiki/Orson_Welles" title="Orson Welles">Orson Welles</a> (1941), <i><a href="/wiki/The_Great_Dictator" title="The Great Dictator">The Great Dictator</a></i> directed by <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Chaplin" title="Charlie Chaplin">Charlie Chaplin</a> (1940), <i><a href="/wiki/The_Big_Sleep_(1946_film)" title="The Big Sleep (1946 film)">The Big Sleep</a></i> directed by <a href="/wiki/Howard_Hawks" title="Howard Hawks">Howard Hawks</a> (1946), <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lady_Eve" title="The Lady Eve">The Lady Eve</a></i> directed by <a href="/wiki/Preston_Sturges" title="Preston Sturges">Preston Sturges</a> (1941), <i><a href="/wiki/The_Shop_Around_the_Corner" title="The Shop Around the Corner">The Shop Around the Corner</a></i> directed by <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Lubitsch" title="Ernst Lubitsch">Ernst Lubitsch</a> (1940), <i><a href="/wiki/White_Heat" title="White Heat">White Heat</a></i> directed by <a href="/wiki/Raoul_Walsh" title="Raoul Walsh">Raoul Walsh</a> (1949), <i><a href="/wiki/Yankee_Doodle_Dandy" title="Yankee Doodle Dandy">Yankee Doodle Dandy</a></i> directed by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Curtiz" title="Michael Curtiz">Michael Curtiz</a> (1942), and <i><a href="/wiki/Notorious_(1946_film)" title="Notorious (1946 film)">Notorious</a></i> directed by <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hitchcock" title="Alfred Hitchcock">Alfred Hitchcock</a>, (1946). The <a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney_Pictures" title="Walt Disney Pictures">Walt Disney Studios</a> released the animated feature films <i><a href="/wiki/Pinocchio_(1940_film)" title="Pinocchio (1940 film)">Pinocchio</a></i> (1940), <i><a href="/wiki/Dumbo" title="Dumbo">Dumbo</a></i> (1941), <i><a href="/wiki/Fantasia_(1940_film)" title="Fantasia (1940 film)">Fantasia</a></i> (1940), and <i><a href="/wiki/Bambi" title="Bambi">Bambi</a></i> (1942).</li></ul> <p>Although the 1940s was a decade dominated by <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, important and noteworthy films about a wide variety of subjects were made during that era. Hollywood was instrumental in producing dozens of classic films during the 1940s, several of which were about the war and some are on most lists of all-time great films. <a href="/wiki/European_cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="European cinema">European cinema</a> survived although obviously curtailed during wartime and yet many films of high quality were made in the <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Cinema of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_France" title="Cinema of France">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Italy" title="Cinema of Italy">Italy</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Cinema of the Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> and elsewhere in Europe. The <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Japan" title="Cinema of Japan">cinema of Japan</a> also survived. <a href="/wiki/Akira_Kurosawa" title="Akira Kurosawa">Akira Kurosawa</a> and other directors managed to produce significant films during the 1940s. </p><p>Polish filmmakers in Great Britain created anti-nazi color film Calling Mr. Smith (1943) about current nazi crimes in occupied Europe during the war and about lies of nazi propaganda.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Film_Noir" class="mw-redirect" title="Film Noir">Film Noir</a>, a film style that incorporated crime dramas with dark images, became largely prevalent during the decade. Films such as <i><a href="/wiki/The_Maltese_Falcon_(1941_film)" title="The Maltese Falcon (1941 film)">The Maltese Falcon</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Big_Sleep_(1946_film)" title="The Big Sleep (1946 film)">The Big Sleep</a></i> are considered classics and helped launch the careers of legendary actors such as <a href="/wiki/Humphrey_Bogart" title="Humphrey Bogart">Humphrey Bogart</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ava_Gardner" title="Ava Gardner">Ava Gardner</a>. The genre has been widely copied since its initial inception. </p><p>In France during the war the tour de force <i><a href="/wiki/Children_of_Paradise" title="Children of Paradise">Children of Paradise</a></i> directed by <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Carn%C3%A9" title="Marcel Carné">Marcel Carné</a> (1945), was shot in Nazi occupied Paris.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Memorable films from post-war England include <a href="/wiki/David_Lean" title="David Lean">David Lean</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Great_Expectations_(1946_film)" title="Great Expectations (1946 film)">Great Expectations</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/1946_in_film" title="1946 in film">1946</a>) and <i><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Twist_(1948_film)" title="Oliver Twist (1948 film)">Oliver Twist</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/1948_in_film" title="1948 in film">1948</a>), Carol Reed's <i><a href="/wiki/Odd_Man_Out" title="Odd Man Out">Odd Man Out</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/1947_in_film" title="1947 in film">1947</a>) and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Third_Man" title="The Third Man">The Third Man</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/1949_in_film" title="1949 in film">1949</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Powell_and_Pressburger" title="Powell and Pressburger">Powell and Pressburger</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/A_Matter_of_Life_and_Death_(film)" title="A Matter of Life and Death (film)">A Matter of Life and Death</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/1946_in_film" title="1946 in film">1946</a>), <i><a href="/wiki/Black_Narcissus" title="Black Narcissus">Black Narcissus</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/1946_in_film" title="1946 in film">1946</a>) and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Red_Shoes_(1948_film)" title="The Red Shoes (1948 film)">The Red Shoes</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/1948_in_film" title="1948 in film">1948</a>), <a href="/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier">Laurence Olivier</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Hamlet_(1948_film)" title="Hamlet (1948 film)">Hamlet</a></i>, the first non-American film to win the <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Picture" title="Academy Award for Best Picture">Academy Award for Best Picture</a> and <i><a href="/wiki/Kind_Hearts_and_Coronets" title="Kind Hearts and Coronets">Kind Hearts and Coronets</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/1949_in_film" title="1949 in film">1949</a>) directed by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Hamer" title="Robert Hamer">Robert Hamer</a>. <a href="/wiki/Italian_neorealism" title="Italian neorealism">Italian neorealism</a> of the 1940s produced poignant movies made in post-war Italy. <i><a href="/wiki/Roma,_citt%C3%A0_aperta" class="mw-redirect" title="Roma, città aperta">Roma, città aperta</a></i> directed by <a href="/wiki/Roberto_Rossellini" title="Roberto Rossellini">Roberto Rossellini</a> (1945), <i><a href="/wiki/Sciusci%C3%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="Sciuscià">Sciuscià</a></i> directed by <a href="/wiki/Vittorio_De_Sica" title="Vittorio De Sica">Vittorio De Sica</a> (1946), <i><a href="/wiki/Pais%C3%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="Paisà">Paisà</a></i> directed by Roberto Rossellini (1946), <i><a href="/wiki/La_terra_trema" class="mw-redirect" title="La terra trema">La terra trema</a></i> directed by <a href="/wiki/Luchino_Visconti" title="Luchino Visconti">Luchino Visconti</a> (1948), <i><a href="/wiki/The_Bicycle_Thief" class="mw-redirect" title="The Bicycle Thief">The Bicycle Thief</a></i> directed by <a href="/wiki/Vittorio_De_Sica" title="Vittorio De Sica">Vittorio De Sica</a> (1948), and <i><a href="/wiki/Bitter_Rice" title="Bitter Rice">Bitter Rice</a></i> directed by <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_De_Santis" title="Giuseppe De Santis">Giuseppe De Santis</a> (1949), are some well-known examples. </p><p>In Japanese cinema, <i><a href="/wiki/The_47_Ronin_(1941_film)" title="The 47 Ronin (1941 film)">The 47 Ronin</a></i> is a 1941 black and white two-part <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Japan" title="Cinema of Japan">Japanese film</a> directed by <a href="/wiki/Kenji_Mizoguchi" title="Kenji Mizoguchi">Kenji Mizoguchi</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Men_Who_Tread_on_the_Tiger%27s_Tail" title="The Men Who Tread on the Tiger's Tail">The Men Who Tread on the Tiger's Tail</a></i> (1945), and the post-war <i><a href="/wiki/Drunken_Angel" title="Drunken Angel">Drunken Angel</a></i> (1948), and <i><a href="/wiki/Stray_Dog_(film)" title="Stray Dog (film)">Stray Dog</a></i> (1949), directed by <a href="/wiki/Akira_Kurosawa" title="Akira Kurosawa">Akira Kurosawa</a> are considered important early works leading to his first masterpieces of the 1950s. <i>Drunken Angel</i> (1948), marked the beginning of the successful collaboration between Kurosawa and actor <a href="/wiki/Toshiro_Mifune" title="Toshiro Mifune">Toshiro Mifune</a> that lasted until 1965. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1940s&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1940s&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2018</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/1940s_in_music" title="1940s in music">1940s in music</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Frank_Sinatra_in_Till_the_Clouds_Roll_By.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Frank_Sinatra_in_Till_the_Clouds_Roll_By.jpg/200px-Frank_Sinatra_in_Till_the_Clouds_Roll_By.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Frank_Sinatra_in_Till_the_Clouds_Roll_By.jpg/300px-Frank_Sinatra_in_Till_the_Clouds_Roll_By.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Frank_Sinatra_in_Till_the_Clouds_Roll_By.jpg/400px-Frank_Sinatra_in_Till_the_Clouds_Roll_By.jpg 2x" data-file-width="723" data-file-height="559" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Frank_Sinatra" title="Frank Sinatra">Frank Sinatra</a> gained massive popularity during the decade, becoming one of the first <a href="/wiki/Teen_idol" title="Teen idol">teen idols</a>, and one of the pop artists who sold the most records in the 1940s</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bing_Crosby" title="Bing Crosby">Bing Crosby</a> was the best selling pop artist of the 1940s. Crosby was the leading figure of the crooner sound as well as its most iconic, defining artist. By the 1940s, he was an entertainment superstar who mastered all of the major media formats of the day, movies, radio, and recorded music.</li> <li>The most popular music style during the 1940s was <a href="/wiki/Swing_music" title="Swing music">swing</a>, which prevailed during World War II. In the later periods of the 1940s, less swing was prominent and crooners like <a href="/wiki/Frank_Sinatra" title="Frank Sinatra">Frank Sinatra</a>, along with genres such as bebop and the earliest traces of rock and roll, were the prevalent genre.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literature">Literature</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1940s&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/List_of_years_in_literature" title="List of years in literature">List of years in literature</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_years_in_poetry" title="List of years in poetry">List of years in poetry</a></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/For_Whom_the_Bell_Tolls" title="For Whom the Bell Tolls">For Whom the Bell Tolls</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Hemingway" title="Ernest Hemingway">Ernest Hemingway</a> in 1940.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Myth_of_Sisyphus" title="The Myth of Sisyphus">The Myth of Sisyphus</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Albert_Camus" title="Albert Camus">Albert Camus</a> in 1942.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Stranger_(Camus_novel)" title="The Stranger (Camus novel)">The Stranger</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Albert_Camus" title="Albert Camus">Albert Camus</a> in 1942.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Little_Prince" title="The Little Prince">The Little Prince</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Antoine_de_Saint-Exup%C3%A9ry" title="Antoine de Saint-Exupéry">Antoine de Saint-Exupéry</a> in 1943.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Anti-Semite_and_Jew" title="Anti-Semite and Jew">Anti-Semite and Jew</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Sartre" title="Jean-Paul Sartre">Jean-Paul Sartre</a> in 1943.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Fountainhead" title="The Fountainhead">The Fountainhead</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Ayn_Rand" title="Ayn Rand">Ayn Rand</a> in 1943.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/No_Exit" title="No Exit">No Exit</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Sartre" title="Jean-Paul Sartre">Jean-Paul Sartre</a> in 1944.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pippi_Longstocking_(book)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pippi Longstocking (book)">Pippi Longstocking</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Astrid_Lindgren" title="Astrid Lindgren">Astrid Lindgren</a> in 1945.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Diary_of_a_Young_Girl" title="The Diary of a Young Girl">The Diary of Anne Frank</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Anne_Frank" title="Anne Frank">Anne Frank</a> in 1947.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Death_of_a_Salesman" title="Death of a Salesman">Death of a Salesman</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Miller" title="Arthur Miller">Arthur Miller</a> in 1949.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nineteen_Eighty-Four" title="Nineteen Eighty-Four">Nineteen Eighty-Four</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/George_Orwell" title="George Orwell">George Orwell</a> in 1949.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Glass_Menagerie" title="The Glass Menagerie">The Glass Menagerie</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Williams" title="Tennessee Williams">Tennessee Williams</a> in 1944.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fashion">Fashion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1940s&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Fashion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Katharine_Hepburn_publicity_photograph.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Katharine_Hepburn_publicity_photograph.jpg/170px-Katharine_Hepburn_publicity_photograph.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Katharine_Hepburn_publicity_photograph.jpg/255px-Katharine_Hepburn_publicity_photograph.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Katharine_Hepburn_publicity_photograph.jpg/340px-Katharine_Hepburn_publicity_photograph.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2095" data-file-height="2776" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Katharine_Hepburn" title="Katharine Hepburn">Katharine Hepburn</a> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1941</span>, who popularized <a href="/wiki/Trousers" title="Trousers">trousers</a> for women</figcaption></figure> <p>Because fashion items and fabrics were <a href="/wiki/Rationing" title="Rationing">rationed</a> due to <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, fashion became more utilitarian. Women's fashion started including suits, which were feminized with straight knee-length skirts and accessories. There were challenges imposed by shortages in rayon, nylon, wool, leather, rubber, metal (for snaps, buckles, and embellishments), and even the amount of fabric that could be used in any one garment.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> After the fall of France in 1940, Hollywood drove fashion in the United States almost entirely, with the exception of a few trends coming from wartorn London in 1944 and 1945, as America's own rationing hit full force. The idea of function seemed to overtake fashion, if only for a few short months until the end of the war. Fabrics shifted dramatically as rationing and wartime shortages controlled import items such as silk and furs.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Floral prints dominated the early 1940s, with the mid-to-late 1940s also seeing what is sometimes referred to as "atomic prints" or geometric patterns and shapes. In response to the war effort, patriotic nautical themes and dark greens and khakis dominating the color palettes, as trousers and wedges slowly replaced the dresses and more traditional heels due to shortages in stockings and gasoline. The most common characteristics of this fashion were the straight skirt, pleats, front fullness, squared shoulders with v-necks or high necks, slim sleeves and the most favorited necklines were sailor, mandarin and scalloped. </p><p><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/1930%E2%80%931945_in_fashion" class="mw-redirect" title="1930–1945 in fashion">1930–1945 in fashion</a> and <a href="/wiki/1945%E2%80%931960_in_fashion" class="mw-redirect" title="1945–1960 in fashion">1945–1960 in fashion</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="People">People</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1940s&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: People"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military_leaders">Military leaders</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1940s&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Military leaders"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 915px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 175px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 170px; height: 155px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:General_Dwight_D._Eisenhower.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower, American General who led the Allied forces during the Normandy invasion."><img alt="Dwight D. Eisenhower, American General who led the Allied forces during the Normandy invasion." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/General_Dwight_D._Eisenhower.jpg/100px-General_Dwight_D._Eisenhower.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/General_Dwight_D._Eisenhower.jpg/151px-General_Dwight_D._Eisenhower.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/General_Dwight_D._Eisenhower.jpg/201px-General_Dwight_D._Eisenhower.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2188" data-file-height="2725" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a>, American General who led the Allied forces during the <a href="/wiki/Normandy_landings" title="Normandy landings">Normandy invasion</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 175px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 170px; height: 155px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Zhukov-LIFE-1944-1945.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Georgy Zhukov, Soviet Union Field Marshal who led the Red Army during the Battle of Berlin."><img alt="Georgy Zhukov, Soviet Union Field Marshal who led the Red Army during the Battle of Berlin." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Zhukov-LIFE-1944-1945.jpg/89px-Zhukov-LIFE-1944-1945.jpg" decoding="async" width="89" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Zhukov-LIFE-1944-1945.jpg/134px-Zhukov-LIFE-1944-1945.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Zhukov-LIFE-1944-1945.jpg/179px-Zhukov-LIFE-1944-1945.jpg 2x" data-file-width="733" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Georgy_Zhukov" title="Georgy Zhukov">Georgy Zhukov</a>, Soviet Union Field Marshal who led the Red Army during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Berlin" title="Battle of Berlin">Battle of Berlin</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 175px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 170px; height: 155px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1977-018-13A,_Erwin_Rommel(brighter).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Erwin Rommel, German Field Marshal who led the Nazis during the North African Campaign."><img alt="Erwin Rommel, German Field Marshal who led the Nazis during the North African Campaign." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1977-018-13A%2C_Erwin_Rommel%28brighter%29.jpg/87px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1977-018-13A%2C_Erwin_Rommel%28brighter%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="87" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1977-018-13A%2C_Erwin_Rommel%28brighter%29.jpg/130px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1977-018-13A%2C_Erwin_Rommel%28brighter%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1977-018-13A%2C_Erwin_Rommel%28brighter%29.jpg/173px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1977-018-13A%2C_Erwin_Rommel%28brighter%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="540" data-file-height="778" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Erwin_Rommel" title="Erwin Rommel">Erwin Rommel</a>, German Field Marshal who led the Nazis during the <a href="/wiki/North_African_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="North African Campaign">North African Campaign</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 175px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 170px; height: 155px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_of_Yamamoto_Isoroku.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Yamamoto Isoroku, Japanese Fleet Admiral who led the Imperial Army during the attack on Pearl Harbor."><img alt="Yamamoto Isoroku, Japanese Fleet Admiral who led the Imperial Army during the attack on Pearl Harbor." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Portrait_of_Yamamoto_Isoroku.jpg/97px-Portrait_of_Yamamoto_Isoroku.jpg" decoding="async" width="97" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Portrait_of_Yamamoto_Isoroku.jpg/146px-Portrait_of_Yamamoto_Isoroku.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Portrait_of_Yamamoto_Isoroku.jpg/195px-Portrait_of_Yamamoto_Isoroku.jpg 2x" data-file-width="982" data-file-height="1261" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Yamamoto_Isoroku" class="mw-redirect" title="Yamamoto Isoroku">Yamamoto Isoroku</a>, Japanese Fleet Admiral who led the Imperial Army during the <a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor" title="Attack on Pearl Harbor">attack on Pearl Harbor</a>.</div> </li> </ul> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany"><img alt="Nazi Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> Field Marshal <a href="/wiki/Erwin_Rommel" title="Erwin Rommel">Erwin Rommel</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany"><img alt="Nazi Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> Reichsmarschall <a href="/wiki/Hermann_G%C3%B6ring" title="Hermann Göring">Hermann Göring</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany"><img alt="Nazi Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> Field Marshal <a href="/wiki/Erich_von_Manstein" title="Erich von Manstein">Erich von Manstein</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany"><img alt="Nazi Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> Field Marshal <a href="/wiki/Gerd_von_Rundstedt" title="Gerd von Rundstedt">Gerd von Rundstedt</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland"><img alt="Finland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span></span> Field Marshal <a href="/wiki/Carl_Gustaf_Emil_Mannerheim" title="Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim">Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania"><img alt="Romania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> Marshal <a href="/wiki/Ion_Antonescu" title="Ion Antonescu">Ion Antonescu</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan"><img alt="Empire of Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Naval_ensign_of_the_Empire_of_Japan.svg/23px-Naval_ensign_of_the_Empire_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Naval_ensign_of_the_Empire_of_Japan.svg/35px-Naval_ensign_of_the_Empire_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Naval_ensign_of_the_Empire_of_Japan.svg/45px-Naval_ensign_of_the_Empire_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> General <a href="/wiki/Hideki_T%C5%8Dj%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Hideki Tōjō">Hideki Tōjō</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan"><img alt="Empire of Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Naval_ensign_of_the_Empire_of_Japan.svg/23px-Naval_ensign_of_the_Empire_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Naval_ensign_of_the_Empire_of_Japan.svg/35px-Naval_ensign_of_the_Empire_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Naval_ensign_of_the_Empire_of_Japan.svg/45px-Naval_ensign_of_the_Empire_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> General <a href="/wiki/Kuniaki_Koiso" title="Kuniaki Koiso">Kuniaki Koiso</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan"><img alt="Empire of Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Naval_ensign_of_the_Empire_of_Japan.svg/23px-Naval_ensign_of_the_Empire_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Naval_ensign_of_the_Empire_of_Japan.svg/35px-Naval_ensign_of_the_Empire_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Naval_ensign_of_the_Empire_of_Japan.svg/45px-Naval_ensign_of_the_Empire_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> Field Marshal <a href="/wiki/Hajime_Sugiyama" title="Hajime Sugiyama">Hajime Sugiyama</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan"><img alt="Empire of Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Naval_ensign_of_the_Empire_of_Japan.svg/23px-Naval_ensign_of_the_Empire_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Naval_ensign_of_the_Empire_of_Japan.svg/35px-Naval_ensign_of_the_Empire_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Naval_ensign_of_the_Empire_of_Japan.svg/45px-Naval_ensign_of_the_Empire_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Gensui_(Imperial_Japanese_Navy)" title="Gensui (Imperial Japanese Navy)">Fleet Admiral</a> <a href="/wiki/Isoroku_Yamamoto" title="Isoroku Yamamoto">Isoroku Yamamoto</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan"><img alt="Empire of Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Naval_ensign_of_the_Empire_of_Japan.svg/23px-Naval_ensign_of_the_Empire_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Naval_ensign_of_the_Empire_of_Japan.svg/35px-Naval_ensign_of_the_Empire_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Naval_ensign_of_the_Empire_of_Japan.svg/45px-Naval_ensign_of_the_Empire_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Gensui_(Imperial_Japanese_Navy)" title="Gensui (Imperial Japanese Navy)">Fleet Admiral</a> <a href="/wiki/Osami_Nagano" title="Osami Nagano">Osami Nagano</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union"><img alt="Soviet Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> Field Marshal <a href="/wiki/Georgy_Zhukov" title="Georgy Zhukov">Georgy Zhukov</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union"><img alt="Soviet Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> Field Marshal <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Konev" title="Ivan Konev">Ivan Konev</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> General <a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> General <a href="/wiki/George_C._Marshall" title="George C. Marshall">George Marshall</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> General <a href="/wiki/Douglas_MacArthur" title="Douglas MacArthur">Douglas MacArthur</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> General <a href="/wiki/Omar_Bradley" title="Omar Bradley">Omar Bradley</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> General <a href="/wiki/George_S._Patton" title="George S. Patton">George S. Patton</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Fleet_admiral_(United_States)" title="Fleet admiral (United States)">Fleet Admiral</a> <a href="/wiki/Chester_W._Nimitz" title="Chester W. Nimitz">Chester W. Nimitz</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Fleet_admiral_(United_States)" title="Fleet admiral (United States)">Fleet Admiral</a> <a href="/wiki/Ernest_J._King" title="Ernest J. King">Ernest J. King</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> Field Marshal <a href="/wiki/Harold_Alexander" class="mw-redirect" title="Harold Alexander">Harold Alexander</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> Field Marshal <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Montgomery" title="Bernard Montgomery">Bernard Montgomery</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Army_general_(France)" title="Army general (France)">Général d'Armée</a> <a href="/wiki/Jean_de_Lattre_de_Tassigny" title="Jean de Lattre de Tassigny">Jean de Lattre de Tassigny</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Brigadier_general_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brigadier general (France)">Brigadier general</a> <a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">Charles de Gaulle</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> General <a href="/wiki/Henri_Winkelman" title="Henri Winkelman">Henri Winkelman</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> General <a href="/wiki/Prince_Bernhard_of_Lippe-Biesterfeld" title="Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld">Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Activists_and_religious_leaders">Activists and religious leaders</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1940s&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Activists and religious leaders"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 915px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 175px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 170px; height: 155px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_Gandhi.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mohandas Gandhi during the 1940s"><img alt="Mohandas Gandhi during the 1940s" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Portrait_Gandhi.jpg/83px-Portrait_Gandhi.jpg" decoding="async" width="83" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Portrait_Gandhi.jpg/125px-Portrait_Gandhi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Portrait_Gandhi.jpg/166px-Portrait_Gandhi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2024" data-file-height="3040" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Mohandas_Gandhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohandas Gandhi">Mohandas Gandhi</a> during the 1940s</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 175px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 170px; height: 155px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Raoul_Wallenberg.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Raoul Wallenberg, c. 1944"><img alt="Raoul Wallenberg, c. 1944" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Raoul_Wallenberg.jpg/94px-Raoul_Wallenberg.jpg" decoding="async" width="94" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Raoul_Wallenberg.jpg/141px-Raoul_Wallenberg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Raoul_Wallenberg.jpg/187px-Raoul_Wallenberg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="552" data-file-height="736" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Raoul_Wallenberg" title="Raoul Wallenberg">Raoul Wallenberg</a>, c. 1944</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 175px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 170px; height: 155px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jinnah_Gandhi.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Muhammed Ali Jinnah with Gandhi, 1944."><img alt="Muhammed Ali Jinnah with Gandhi, 1944." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Jinnah_Gandhi.jpg/140px-Jinnah_Gandhi.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Jinnah_Gandhi.jpg/210px-Jinnah_Gandhi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Jinnah_Gandhi.jpg/280px-Jinnah_Gandhi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="308" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Muhammed_Ali_Jinnah" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammed Ali Jinnah">Muhammed Ali Jinnah</a> with Gandhi, 1944.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 175px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 170px; height: 155px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sugihara_b.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chiune Sugihara c.1940s"><img alt="Chiune Sugihara c.1940s" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Sugihara_b.jpg/91px-Sugihara_b.jpg" decoding="async" width="91" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Sugihara_b.jpg/138px-Sugihara_b.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Sugihara_b.jpg/183px-Sugihara_b.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="956" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Chiune_Sugihara" title="Chiune Sugihara">Chiune Sugihara</a> c.1940s</div> </li> </ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_individuals_and_groups_assisting_Jews_during_the_Holocaust" class="mw-redirect" title="List of individuals and groups assisting Jews during the Holocaust">List of individuals and groups assisting Jews during the Holocaust</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Righteous_among_the_Nations_by_country" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Righteous among the Nations by country">List of Righteous among the Nations by country</a>, <a href="/wiki/Resistance_during_the_Holocaust" title="Resistance during the Holocaust">Resistance during the Holocaust</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_XII_and_the_Holocaust" title="Pope Pius XII and the Holocaust">Pope Pius XII and the Holocaust</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joel_Brand" title="Joel Brand">Joel Brand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behic_Erkin" class="mw-redirect" title="Behic Erkin">Behic Erkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varian_Fry" title="Varian Fry">Varian Fry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohandas_Gandhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohandas Gandhi">Mohandas Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Graham" title="Billy Graham">Billy Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_HaLevi_Herzog" title="Yitzhak HaLevi Herzog">Yitzhak HaLevi Herzog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_Jinnah" title="Muhammad Ali Jinnah">Muhammad Ali Jinnah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necdet_Kent" title="Necdet Kent">Necdet Kent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristides_de_Sousa_Mendes" title="Aristides de Sousa Mendes">Aristides de Sousa Mendes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_XII" title="Pope Pius XII">Pope Pius XII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Sharp" title="Martha Sharp">Martha Sharp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waitstill_Sharp" title="Waitstill Sharp">Waitstill Sharp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiune_Sugihara" title="Chiune Sugihara">Chiune Sugihara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raoul_Wallenberg" title="Raoul Wallenberg">Raoul Wallenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_Nur" title="Abdullah Nur">Abdullah Nur</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Politics">Politics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1940s&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdel_Rahman_Azzam_Pasha" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdel Rahman Azzam Pasha">Abdel Rahman Azzam Pasha</a>, Secretary-general Arab League</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgi_Mikhailov_Dimitrov" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgi Mikhailov Dimitrov">Georgi Mikhailov Dimitrov</a>, Chairman of the Executive Committee Communist International</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camille_Gutt" title="Camille Gutt">Camille Gutt</a>, Managing Director International Monetary Fund</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Camille_Paris" title="Jacques Camille Paris">Jacques Camille Paris</a>, Secretary-general Council of Europe</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Pearson_Warner" title="Edward Pearson Warner">Edward Warner</a>, President of the Council International Civil Aviation Organization</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_G._Winant" class="mw-redirect" title="John G. Winant">John G. Winant</a>, Director International Labour Organization</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Scientists_and_Engineers">Scientists and Engineers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1940s&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Scientists and Engineers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 18em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Bardeen" title="John Bardeen">John Bardeen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Presper_Eckert" title="J. Presper Eckert">John Eckert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enrico_Fermi" title="Enrico Fermi">Enrico Fermi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Carl_Goldmark" title="Peter Carl Goldmark">Peter Goldmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Maslow" title="Abraham Maslow">Abraham Maslow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Robert_Oppenheimer" title="J. Robert Oppenheimer">J. Robert Oppenheimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_von_Neumann" title="John von Neumann">John von Neumann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Nyquist" title="Harry Nyquist">Harry Nyquist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Shannon" title="Claude Shannon">Claude Shannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Turing" title="Alan Turing">Alan Turing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Watson-Watt" title="Robert Watson-Watt">Robert Watson-Watt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norbert_Wiener" title="Norbert Wiener">Norbert Wiener</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Actors_/_Entertainers"><span id="Actors_.2F_Entertainers"></span>Actors / Entertainers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1940s&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Actors / Entertainers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 915px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 175px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 170px; height: 155px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rita_Hayworth_in_Blood_and_Sand_trailer.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rita Hayworth as Doña Sol des Muire in Blood and Sand (1941)"><img alt="Rita Hayworth as Doña Sol des Muire in Blood and Sand (1941)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Rita_Hayworth_in_Blood_and_Sand_trailer.jpg/101px-Rita_Hayworth_in_Blood_and_Sand_trailer.jpg" decoding="async" width="101" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Rita_Hayworth_in_Blood_and_Sand_trailer.jpg/151px-Rita_Hayworth_in_Blood_and_Sand_trailer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Rita_Hayworth_in_Blood_and_Sand_trailer.jpg/201px-Rita_Hayworth_in_Blood_and_Sand_trailer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="244" data-file-height="303" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Rita_Hayworth" title="Rita Hayworth">Rita Hayworth</a> as Doña Sol des Muire in <i><a href="/wiki/Blood_and_Sand_(1941_film)" title="Blood and Sand (1941 film)">Blood and Sand</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/1941_in_film" title="1941 in film">1941</a>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 175px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 170px; height: 155px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cary_Grant_1947_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cary Grant"><img alt="Cary Grant" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Cary_Grant_1947_%28cropped%29.jpg/102px-Cary_Grant_1947_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="102" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Cary_Grant_1947_%28cropped%29.jpg/153px-Cary_Grant_1947_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Cary_Grant_1947_%28cropped%29.jpg/204px-Cary_Grant_1947_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="421" data-file-height="516" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Cary_Grant" title="Cary Grant">Cary Grant</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 175px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 170px; height: 155px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Clark_Gable_-_publicity.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Clark Gable"><img alt="Clark Gable" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Clark_Gable_-_publicity.JPG/98px-Clark_Gable_-_publicity.JPG" decoding="async" width="98" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Clark_Gable_-_publicity.JPG/148px-Clark_Gable_-_publicity.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Clark_Gable_-_publicity.JPG/196px-Clark_Gable_-_publicity.JPG 2x" data-file-width="575" data-file-height="732" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Clark_Gable" title="Clark Gable">Clark Gable</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 175px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 170px; height: 155px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gangs_all_here_trailer.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Carmen Miranda in The Gang's All Here (1943)"><img alt="Carmen Miranda in The Gang's All Here (1943)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Gangs_all_here_trailer.jpg/92px-Gangs_all_here_trailer.jpg" decoding="async" width="92" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Gangs_all_here_trailer.jpg/138px-Gangs_all_here_trailer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Gangs_all_here_trailer.jpg/183px-Gangs_all_here_trailer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Carmen_Miranda" title="Carmen Miranda">Carmen Miranda</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Gang%27s_All_Here_(1943_film)" title="The Gang's All Here (1943 film)">The Gang's All Here</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/1943_in_film" title="1943 in film">1943</a>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 175px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 170px; height: 155px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Annex_-_Stewart,_James_(Call_Northside_777)_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jimmy Stewart"><img alt="Jimmy Stewart" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Annex_-_Stewart%2C_James_%28Call_Northside_777%29_01.jpg/99px-Annex_-_Stewart%2C_James_%28Call_Northside_777%29_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="99" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Annex_-_Stewart%2C_James_%28Call_Northside_777%29_01.jpg/149px-Annex_-_Stewart%2C_James_%28Call_Northside_777%29_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Annex_-_Stewart%2C_James_%28Call_Northside_777%29_01.jpg/198px-Annex_-_Stewart%2C_James_%28Call_Northside_777%29_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1682" data-file-height="2125" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Stewart" class="mw-redirect" title="Jimmy Stewart">Jimmy Stewart</a></div> </li> </ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 18em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Allen" title="Fred Allen">Fred Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Ameche" title="Don Ameche">Don Ameche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dana_Andrews" title="Dana Andrews">Dana Andrews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Arnold_(actor)" title="Edward Arnold (actor)">Edward Arnold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Arthur" title="Jean Arthur">Jean Arthur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Astaire" title="Fred Astaire">Fred Astaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Astor" title="Mary Astor">Mary Astor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauren_Bacall" title="Lauren Bacall">Lauren Bacall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josephine_Baker" title="Josephine Baker">Josephine Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucille_Ball" title="Lucille Ball">Lucille Ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tallulah_Bankhead" title="Tallulah Bankhead">Tallulah Bankhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Barbera" title="Joseph Barbera">Joseph Barbera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Barks" title="Carl Barks">Carl Barks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Baxter" title="Anne Baxter">Anne Baxter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Bellamy" title="Ralph Bellamy">Ralph Bellamy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Benny" title="Jack Benny">Jack Benny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Bendix" title="William Bendix">William Bendix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingrid_Bergman" title="Ingrid Bergman">Ingrid Bergman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Bickford" title="Charles Bickford">Charles Bickford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivian_Blaine" title="Vivian Blaine">Vivian Blaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humphrey_Bogart" title="Humphrey Bogart">Humphrey Bogart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Boyer" title="Charles Boyer">Charles Boyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Brennan" title="Walter Brennan">Walter Brennan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fanny_Brice" title="Fanny Brice">Fanny Brice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Bridges" title="Lloyd Bridges">Lloyd Bridges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Buchanan" title="Edgar Buchanan">Edgar Buchanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Cagney" title="James Cagney">James Cagney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cab_Calloway" title="Cab Calloway">Cab Calloway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yvonne_De_Carlo" title="Yvonne De Carlo">Yvonne De Carlo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Carradine" title="John Carradine">John Carradine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lon_Chaney_Jr." title="Lon Chaney Jr.">Lon Chaney Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Chaplin" title="Charlie Chaplin">Charlie Chaplin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montgomery_Clift" title="Montgomery Clift">Montgomery Clift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Coburn" title="Charles Coburn">Charles Coburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudette_Colbert" title="Claudette Colbert">Claudette Colbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Colman" title="Ronald Colman">Ronald Colman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Cooper" title="Gary Cooper">Gary Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katharine_Cornell" title="Katharine Cornell">Katharine Cornell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbott_and_Costello" title="Abbott and Costello">Abbott and Costello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Cotten" title="Joseph Cotten">Joseph Cotten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Crawford" title="Joan Crawford">Joan Crawford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bing_Crosby" title="Bing Crosby">Bing Crosby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arlene_Dahl" title="Arlene Dahl">Arlene Dahl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Dandridge" title="Dorothy Dandridge">Dorothy Dandridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linda_Darnell" title="Linda Darnell">Linda Darnell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bette_Davis" title="Bette Davis">Bette Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doris_Day" title="Doris Day">Doris Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivia_de_Havilland" title="Olivia de Havilland">Olivia de Havilland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Demarest" title="William Demarest">William Demarest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Denning" title="Richard Denning">Richard Denning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich" title="Marlene Dietrich">Marlene Dietrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney" title="Walt Disney">Walt Disney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirk_Douglas" title="Kirk Douglas">Kirk Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irene_Dunne" title="Irene Dunne">Irene Dunne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duke_Ellington" title="Duke Ellington">Duke Ellington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Faye" title="Alice Faye">Alice Faye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ferrer" title="José Ferrer">José Ferrer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Fine" title="Larry Fine">Larry Fine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Fitzgerald" title="Barry Fitzgerald">Barry Fitzgerald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Errol_Flynn" title="Errol Flynn">Errol Flynn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Fonda" title="Henry Fonda">Henry Fonda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Fontaine" title="Joan Fontaine">Joan Fontaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clark_Gable" title="Clark Gable">Clark Gable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ava_Gardner" title="Ava Gardner">Ava Gardner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland">Judy Garland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greer_Garson" title="Greer Garson">Greer Garson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lillian_Gish" title="Lillian Gish">Lillian Gish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paulette_Goddard" title="Paulette Goddard">Paulette Goddard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Grable" title="Betty Grable">Betty Grable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Grahame" title="Gloria Grahame">Gloria Grahame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cary_Grant" title="Cary Grant">Cary Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathryn_Grayson" title="Kathryn Grayson">Kathryn Grayson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Grey" title="Virginia Grey">Virginia Grey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sydney_Greenstreet" title="Sydney Greenstreet">Sydney Greenstreet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Gwenn" title="Edmund Gwenn">Edmund Gwenn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Stuart_Hamblen" class="mw-redirect" title="Carl Stuart Hamblen">Carl Stuart Hamblen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Hanna" title="William Hanna">William Hanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivia_de_Havilland" title="Olivia de Havilland">Olivia de Havilland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Hayes" title="Helen Hayes">Helen Hayes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Hayward" title="Susan Hayward">Susan Hayward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rita_Hayworth" title="Rita Hayworth">Rita Hayworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van_Heflin" title="Van Heflin">Van Heflin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katharine_Hepburn" title="Katharine Hepburn">Katharine Hepburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Holden" title="William Holden">William Holden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Hope" title="Bob Hope">Bob Hope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lena_Horne" title="Lena Horne">Lena Horne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curly_Howard" title="Curly Howard">Curly Howard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moe_Howard" title="Moe Howard">Moe Howard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shemp_Howard" title="Shemp Howard">Shemp Howard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Huston" title="Walter Huston">Walter Huston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Infante" title="Pedro Infante">Pedro Infante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burl_Ives" title="Burl Ives">Burl Ives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Jeffreys" title="Anne Jeffreys">Anne Jeffreys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van_Johnson" title="Van Johnson">Van Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glynis_Johns" title="Glynis Johns">Glynis Johns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Jones" title="Jennifer Jones">Jennifer Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boris_Karloff" title="Boris Karloff">Boris Karloff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danny_Kaye" title="Danny Kaye">Danny Kaye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gene_Kelly" title="Gene Kelly">Gene Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deborah_Kerr" title="Deborah Kerr">Deborah Kerr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Ladd" title="Alan Ladd">Alan Ladd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veronica_Lake" title="Veronica Lake">Veronica Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedy_Lamarr" title="Hedy Lamarr">Hedy Lamarr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Lamour" title="Dorothy Lamour">Dorothy Lamour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burt_Lancaster" title="Burt Lancaster">Burt Lancaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurel_and_Hardy" title="Laurel and Hardy">Laurel and Hardy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Laughton" title="Charles Laughton">Charles Laughton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Lawford" title="Peter Lawford">Peter Lawford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_Leigh" title="Janet Leigh">Janet Leigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivien_Leigh" title="Vivien Leigh">Vivien Leigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Lloyd" title="Norman Lloyd">Norman Lloyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gene_Lockhart" title="Gene Lockhart">Gene Lockhart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_Lockhart" title="June Lockhart">June Lockhart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carole_Lombard" title="Carole Lombard">Carole Lombard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Lorre" title="Peter Lorre">Peter Lorre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrna_Loy" title="Myrna Loy">Myrna Loy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vera_Lynn" title="Vera Lynn">Vera Lynn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ida_Lupino" title="Ida Lupino">Ida Lupino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_MacMurray" title="Fred MacMurray">Fred MacMurray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Mature" title="Victor Mature">Victor Mature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fredric_March" title="Fredric March">Fredric March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Marshall" title="Herbert Marshall">Herbert Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Mason" title="James Mason">James Mason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burgess_Meredith" title="Burgess Meredith">Burgess Meredith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Milland" title="Ray Milland">Ray Milland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carmen_Miranda" title="Carmen Miranda">Carmen Miranda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marilyn_Monroe" title="Marilyn Monroe">Marilyn Monroe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Morgan" title="Dennis Morgan">Dennis Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Morgan" title="Frank Morgan">Frank Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Morgan" title="Harry Morgan">Harry Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jorge_Negrete" title="Jorge Negrete">Jorge Negrete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_O%27Brien" title="Margaret O'Brien">Margaret O'Brien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maureen_O%27Hara" title="Maureen O'Hara">Maureen O'Hara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier">Laurence Olivier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janis_Paige" title="Janis Paige">Janis Paige</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_Peck" title="Gregory Peck">Gregory Peck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Pidgeon" title="Walter Pidgeon">Walter Pidgeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Powell" title="Dick Powell">Dick Powell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Powell" title="Eleanor Powell">Eleanor Powell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Powell" title="Jane Powell">Jane Powell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Powell" title="William Powell">William Powell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyrone_Power" title="Tyrone Power">Tyrone Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Preston_(actor)" title="Robert Preston (actor)">Robert Preston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Quinn" title="Anthony Quinn">Anthony Quinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Rains" title="Claude Rains">Claude Rains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basil_Rathbone" title="Basil Rathbone">Basil Rathbone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donna_Reed" title="Donna Reed">Donna Reed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Reeves" title="George Reeves">George Reeves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Redgrave" title="Michael Redgrave">Michael Redgrave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolores_del_R%C3%ADo" title="Dolores del Río">Dolores del Río</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_G._Robinson" title="Edward G. Robinson">Edward G. Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginger_Rogers" title="Ginger Rogers">Ginger Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Rogers" title="Roy Rogers">Roy Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cesar_Romero" title="Cesar Romero">Cesar Romero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mickey_Rooney" title="Mickey Rooney">Mickey Rooney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosalind_Russell" title="Rosalind Russell">Rosalind Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Sanders" title="George Sanders">George Sanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Schildkraut" title="Joseph Schildkraut">Joseph Schildkraut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lizabeth_Scott" title="Lizabeth Scott">Lizabeth Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randolph_Scott" title="Randolph Scott">Randolph Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Simmons" title="Jean Simmons">Jean Simmons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Sinatra" title="Frank Sinatra">Frank Sinatra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Skelton" title="Red Skelton">Red Skelton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Stanwyck" title="Barbara Stanwyck">Barbara Stanwyck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Stewart" title="James Stewart">James Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Stone" title="Lewis Stone">Lewis Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Sullivan_(American_actor)" title="Barry Sullivan (American actor)">Barry Sullivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Sullivan" title="Ed Sullivan">Ed Sullivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyle_Talbot" title="Lyle Talbot">Lyle Talbot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Taylor" title="Elizabeth Taylor">Elizabeth Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Taylor_(American_actor)" title="Robert Taylor (American actor)">Robert Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Temple" title="Shirley Temple">Shirley Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Three_Stooges" title="The Three Stooges">The Three Stooges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gene_Tierney" title="Gene Tierney">Gene Tierney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spencer_Tracy" title="Spencer Tracy">Spencer Tracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lana_Turner" title="Lana Turner">Lana Turner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Walker_(actor,_born_1918)" title="Robert Walker (actor, born 1918)">Robert Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wayne" title="John Wayne">John Wayne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orson_Welles" title="Orson Welles">Orson Welles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Widmark" title="Richard Widmark">Richard Widmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornel_Wilde" title="Cornel Wilde">Cornel Wilde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Wyman" title="Jane Wyman">Jane Wyman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keenan_Wynn" title="Keenan Wynn">Keenan Wynn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loretta_Young" title="Loretta Young">Loretta Young</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Musicians">Musicians</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1940s&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Musicians"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 915px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 175px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 170px; height: 155px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Glenn_Miller_Billboard.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Glenn Miller, 1942"><img alt="Glenn Miller, 1942" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Glenn_Miller_Billboard.jpg/140px-Glenn_Miller_Billboard.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Glenn_Miller_Billboard.jpg/210px-Glenn_Miller_Billboard.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Glenn_Miller_Billboard.jpg/280px-Glenn_Miller_Billboard.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1592" data-file-height="1144" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Glenn_Miller" title="Glenn Miller">Glenn Miller</a>, 1942</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 175px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 170px; height: 155px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BennyGoodmanStageDoorCanteen.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Benny Goodman performing in Stage Door Canteen (1943)"><img alt="Benny Goodman performing in Stage Door Canteen (1943)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/BennyGoodmanStageDoorCanteen.jpg/140px-BennyGoodmanStageDoorCanteen.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/BennyGoodmanStageDoorCanteen.jpg/210px-BennyGoodmanStageDoorCanteen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/BennyGoodmanStageDoorCanteen.jpg/280px-BennyGoodmanStageDoorCanteen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="448" data-file-height="336" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Benny_Goodman" title="Benny Goodman">Benny Goodman</a> performing in <i><a href="/wiki/Stage_Door_Canteen_(film)" title="Stage Door Canteen (film)">Stage Door Canteen</a></i> (1943)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 175px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 170px; height: 155px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BingCrosbyTheBellsofSaintMarysTrailerScreenshot1945.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bing Crosby, 1945"><img alt="Bing Crosby, 1945" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/BingCrosbyTheBellsofSaintMarysTrailerScreenshot1945.jpg/140px-BingCrosbyTheBellsofSaintMarysTrailerScreenshot1945.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/BingCrosbyTheBellsofSaintMarysTrailerScreenshot1945.jpg/210px-BingCrosbyTheBellsofSaintMarysTrailerScreenshot1945.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/BingCrosbyTheBellsofSaintMarysTrailerScreenshot1945.jpg/280px-BingCrosbyTheBellsofSaintMarysTrailerScreenshot1945.jpg 2x" data-file-width="765" data-file-height="576" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Bing_Crosby" title="Bing Crosby">Bing Crosby</a>, 1945</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 175px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 170px; height: 155px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Piaf_Harcourt_1946.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Édith Piaf, 1946"><img alt="Édith Piaf, 1946" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Piaf_Harcourt_1946.jpg/91px-Piaf_Harcourt_1946.jpg" decoding="async" width="91" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Piaf_Harcourt_1946.jpg/137px-Piaf_Harcourt_1946.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Piaf_Harcourt_1946.jpg/182px-Piaf_Harcourt_1946.jpg 2x" data-file-width="473" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89dith_Piaf" title="Édith Piaf">Édith Piaf</a>, 1946</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 175px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 170px; height: 155px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Frank_Sinatra_by_Gottlieb_c1947-_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Frank Sinatra, 1947"><img alt="Frank Sinatra, 1947" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Frank_Sinatra_by_Gottlieb_c1947-_2.jpg/101px-Frank_Sinatra_by_Gottlieb_c1947-_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="101" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Frank_Sinatra_by_Gottlieb_c1947-_2.jpg/152px-Frank_Sinatra_by_Gottlieb_c1947-_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Frank_Sinatra_by_Gottlieb_c1947-_2.jpg/202px-Frank_Sinatra_by_Gottlieb_c1947-_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3362" data-file-height="4165" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Sinatra" title="Frank Sinatra">Frank Sinatra</a>, 1947</div> </li> </ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marian_Anderson" title="Marian Anderson">Marian Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Armstrong" title="Louis Armstrong">Louis Armstrong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddy_Arnold" title="Eddy Arnold">Eddy Arnold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gene_Autry" title="Gene Autry">Gene Autry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearl_Bailey" title="Pearl Bailey">Pearl Bailey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benny_Carter" title="Benny Carter">Benny Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Charles" title="Ray Charles">Ray Charles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Barnet" title="Charlie Barnet">Charlie Barnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Count_Basie" title="Count Basie">Count Basie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irving_Berlin" title="Irving Berlin">Irving Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Bowlly" title="Al Bowlly">Al Bowlly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Brown_(bandleader)" title="Les Brown (bandleader)">Les Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erskine_Butterfield" title="Erskine Butterfield">Erskine Butterfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sammy_Cahn" title="Sammy Cahn">Sammy Cahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cab_Calloway" title="Cab Calloway">Cab Calloway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nat_King_Cole" title="Nat King Cole">Nat King Cole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perry_Como" title="Perry Como">Perry Como</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bing_Crosby" title="Bing Crosby">Bing Crosby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Crosby" title="Bob Crosby">Bob Crosby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_Davis" title="Miles Davis">Miles Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willie_Dixon" title="Willie Dixon">Willie Dixon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Dorsey" title="Jimmy Dorsey">Jimmy Dorsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Dorsey" title="Tommy Dorsey">Tommy Dorsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._C._Douglas" title="K. C. Douglas">K. C. Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champion_Jack_Dupree" title="Champion Jack Dupree">Champion Jack Dupree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Eckstine" title="Billy Eckstine">Billy Eckstine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duke_Ellington" title="Duke Ellington">Duke Ellington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H-Bomb_Ferguson" title="H-Bomb Ferguson">H-Bomb Ferguson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ella_Fitzgerald" title="Ella Fitzgerald">Ella Fitzgerald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ira_Gershwin" title="Ira Gershwin">Ira Gershwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dizzy_Gillespie" title="Dizzy Gillespie">Dizzy Gillespie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benny_Goodman" title="Benny Goodman">Benny Goodman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_Grappelli" title="Stéphane Grappelli">Stéphane Grappelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homer_Harris" title="Homer Harris">Homer Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screamin%27_Jay_Hawkins" title="Screamin' Jay Hawkins">Screamin' Jay Hawkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Hayman" title="Richard Hayman">Richard Hayman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Haymes" title="Dick Haymes">Dick Haymes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Hines" title="Earl Hines">Earl Hines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billie_Holiday" title="Billie Holiday">Billie Holiday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lee_Hooker" title="John Lee Hooker">John Lee Hooker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lena_Horne" title="Lena Horne">Lena Horne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Hutton" title="Betty Hutton">Betty Hutton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Lancelot_(singer)" title="Sir Lancelot (singer)">Sir Lancelot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Joe_Turner" title="Big Joe Turner">Big Joe Turner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bull_Moose_Jackson" title="Bull Moose Jackson">Bull Moose Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahalia_Jackson" title="Mahalia Jackson">Mahalia Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_James" title="Harry James">Harry James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Jordan" title="Louis Jordan">Louis Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blind_Willie_Johnson" title="Blind Willie Johnson">Blind Willie Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Jolson" title="Al Jolson">Al Jolson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitty_Kallen" title="Kitty Kallen">Kitty Kallen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danny_Kaye" title="Danny Kaye">Danny Kaye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sammy_Kaye" title="Sammy Kaye">Sammy Kaye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stan_Kenton" title="Stan Kenton">Stan Kenton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B.B._King" class="mw-redirect" title="B.B. King">B.B. King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evelyn_Knight" title="Evelyn Knight">Evelyn Knight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gene_Krupa" title="Gene Krupa">Gene Krupa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankie_Laine" title="Frankie Laine">Frankie Laine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mario_Lanza" title="Mario Lanza">Mario Lanza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peggy_Lee" title="Peggy Lee">Peggy Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dean_Martin" title="Dean Martin">Dean Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grady_Martin" title="Grady Martin">Grady Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Mercer" title="Johnny Mercer">Johnny Mercer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amos_Milburn" title="Amos Milburn">Amos Milburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenn_Miller" title="Glenn Miller">Glenn Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Milton" title="Roy Milton">Roy Milton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Mingus" title="Charles Mingus">Charles Mingus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thelonious_Monk" title="Thelonious Monk">Thelonious Monk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaughn_Monroe" title="Vaughn Monroe">Vaughn Monroe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benny_Mor%C3%A9" title="Benny Moré">Benny Moré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Noble" title="Ray Noble">Ray Noble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Parker" title="Charlie Parker">Charlie Parker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Paul" title="Les Paul">Les Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89dith_Piaf" title="Édith Piaf">Édith Piaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cole_Porter" title="Cole Porter">Cole Porter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bud_Powell" title="Bud Powell">Bud Powell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Prima" title="Louis Prima">Louis Prima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Django_Reinhardt" title="Django Reinhardt">Django Reinhardt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pete_Johnson_(musician)" title="Pete Johnson (musician)">Pete Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Roach" title="Max Roach">Max Roach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marty_Robbins" title="Marty Robbins">Marty Robbins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Robeson" title="Paul Robeson">Paul Robeson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Rodgers" title="Richard Rodgers">Richard Rodgers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artie_Shaw" title="Artie Shaw">Artie Shaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinah_Shore" title="Dinah Shore">Dinah Shore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Sinatra" title="Frank Sinatra">Frank Sinatra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memphis_Slim" title="Memphis Slim">Memphis Slim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Smith" title="Kate Smith">Kate Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Strayhorn" title="Billy Strayhorn">Billy Strayhorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxine_Sullivan" title="Maxine Sullivan">Maxine Sullivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_Tatum" title="Art Tatum">Art Tatum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Tilton" title="Martha Tilton">Martha Tilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Tubb" title="Ernest Tubb">Ernest Tubb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Vaughan" title="Sarah Vaughan">Sarah Vaughan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-Bone_Walker" title="T-Bone Walker">T-Bone Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Walter" title="Little Walter">Little Walter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muddy_Waters" title="Muddy Waters">Muddy Waters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Whiting" title="Margaret Whiting">Margaret Whiting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cootie_Williams" title="Cootie Williams">Cootie Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hank_Williams" title="Hank Williams">Hank Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tex_Williams" title="Tex Williams">Tex Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Wills" title="Bob Wills">Bob Wills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teddy_Wilson" title="Teddy Wilson">Teddy Wilson</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bands">Bands</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1940s&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Bands"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ink_Spots_Billboard_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Ink_Spots_Billboard_3.jpg/170px-Ink_Spots_Billboard_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Ink_Spots_Billboard_3.jpg/255px-Ink_Spots_Billboard_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Ink_Spots_Billboard_3.jpg/340px-Ink_Spots_Billboard_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="497" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/The_Ink_Spots" title="The Ink Spots">The Ink Spots</a> in 1944, a popular <a href="/wiki/Swing_music" title="Swing music">swing</a> band of the era</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Andrew_Sisters" class="mw-redirect" title="The Andrew Sisters">The Andrew Sisters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Boswell_Sisters" title="The Boswell Sisters">The Boswell Sisters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Ink_Spots" title="The Ink Spots">The Ink Spots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Merry_Macs" title="The Merry Macs">The Merry Macs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Mills_Brothers" title="The Mills Brothers">The Mills Brothers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Pied_Pipers" title="The Pied Pipers">The Pied Pipers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Ravens" title="The Ravens">The Ravens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Robins" title="The Robins">The Robins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sons_of_the_Pioneers" title="Sons of the Pioneers">Sons of The Pioneers</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports">Sports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1940s&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the 1940s, sporting events were disrupted and changed by the events that engaged and shaped the entire world. The 1940 and 1944 <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Games" title="Olympic Games">Olympic Games</a> were cancelled because of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> in the United States <a href="/wiki/List_of_Heavyweight_Champions" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Heavyweight Champions">Heavyweight Boxing Champion</a> <a href="/wiki/Joe_Louis" title="Joe Louis">Joe Louis</a> and numerous stars and performers from American baseball and other sports served in the armed forces until the end of the war. Among the many baseball players (including well known stars) who served during World War II were <a href="/wiki/Moe_Berg" title="Moe Berg">Moe Berg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joe_DiMaggio" title="Joe DiMaggio">Joe DiMaggio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bob_Feller" title="Bob Feller">Bob Feller</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hank_Greenberg" title="Hank Greenberg">Hank Greenberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stan_Musial" title="Stan Musial">Stan Musial</a> (in 1945), <a href="/wiki/Warren_Spahn" title="Warren Spahn">Warren Spahn</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ted_Williams" title="Ted Williams">Ted Williams</a>. They like many others sacrificed their personal and valuable career time for the benefit and well-being of the rest of society. The Summer Olympics were resumed in 1948 in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> and the Winter games were held that year in <a href="/wiki/St._Moritz" title="St. Moritz">St. Moritz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>. </p><p>In 1947, <a href="/wiki/Wataru_Misaka" class="mw-redirect" title="Wataru Misaka">Wataru Misaka</a> of the <a href="/wiki/1947%E2%80%9348_New_York_Knicks_season" title="1947–48 New York Knicks season">New York Knicks</a> became the first person of color to play in modern professional basketball, just months after <a href="/wiki/Jackie_Robinson" title="Jackie Robinson">Jackie Robinson</a> had broken the color barrier in <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball">Major League Baseball</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Dodgers" title="Brooklyn Dodgers">Brooklyn Dodgers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Baseball">Baseball</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1940s&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Baseball"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Baseball._Jack_Robinson_BAnQ_P48S1P12829_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Baseball._Jack_Robinson_BAnQ_P48S1P12829_%28cropped%29.jpg/170px-Baseball._Jack_Robinson_BAnQ_P48S1P12829_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="232" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Baseball._Jack_Robinson_BAnQ_P48S1P12829_%28cropped%29.jpg/255px-Baseball._Jack_Robinson_BAnQ_P48S1P12829_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Baseball._Jack_Robinson_BAnQ_P48S1P12829_%28cropped%29.jpg/340px-Baseball._Jack_Robinson_BAnQ_P48S1P12829_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="534" data-file-height="728" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jackie_Robinson" title="Jackie Robinson">Jackie Robinson</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Montreal_Royals" title="Montreal Royals">Montreal Royals</a> in July 1946</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/History_of_baseball_in_the_United_States#The_war_years" title="History of baseball in the United States">History of baseball in the United States § The war years</a>, and <a href="/wiki/All-American_Girls_Professional_Baseball_League" title="All-American Girls Professional Baseball League">All-American Girls Professional Baseball League</a></div> <p>During the early 1940s <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> had an enormous impact on Major League Baseball as many players including many of the most successful stars joined the war effort. After the war many players returned to their teams, while the major event of the second half of the 1940s was the 1945 signing of <a href="/wiki/Jackie_Robinson" title="Jackie Robinson">Jackie Robinson</a> to a players contract by <a href="/wiki/Branch_Rickey" title="Branch Rickey">Branch Rickey</a> the general manager of the <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Dodgers" title="Brooklyn Dodgers">Brooklyn Dodgers</a>. Signing Robinson opened the door to the <a href="/wiki/Racial_integration" title="Racial integration">integration</a> of Major League Baseball finally putting an end to the professional discrimination that had characterized the sport since the 19th century. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Campanella" title="Roy Campanella">Roy Campanella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_DiMaggio" title="Joe DiMaggio">Joe DiMaggio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Dickey" title="Bill Dickey">Bill Dickey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Doby" title="Larry Doby">Larry Doby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Feller" title="Bob Feller">Bob Feller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josh_Gibson" title="Josh Gibson">Josh Gibson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hank_Greenberg" title="Hank Greenberg">Hank Greenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monte_Irvin" title="Monte Irvin">Monte Irvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buck_Leonard" title="Buck Leonard">Buck Leonard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Mize" title="Johnny Mize">Johnny Mize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stan_Musial" title="Stan Musial">Stan Musial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satchel_Paige" title="Satchel Paige">Satchel Paige</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Branch_Rickey" title="Branch Rickey">Branch Rickey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackie_Robinson" title="Jackie Robinson">Jackie Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Williams" title="Ted Williams">Ted Williams</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Boxing">Boxing</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1940s&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Boxing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Joe_Louis_by_van_Vechten.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Joe_Louis_by_van_Vechten.jpg/170px-Joe_Louis_by_van_Vechten.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="229" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Joe_Louis_by_van_Vechten.jpg/255px-Joe_Louis_by_van_Vechten.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Joe_Louis_by_van_Vechten.jpg/340px-Joe_Louis_by_van_Vechten.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2358" data-file-height="3174" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Joe_Louis" title="Joe Louis">Joe Louis</a> in 1941, world <a href="/wiki/List_of_Heavyweight_Champions" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Heavyweight Champions">heavyweight boxing champion</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Ring_Magazine_fighters_of_the_year" class="mw-redirect" title="Ring Magazine fighters of the year">Ring Magazine fighters of the year</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_The_Ring_world_champions" title="List of The Ring world champions">List of The Ring world champions</a></div> <p>During the mid-1930s and throughout the years leading up to the 1940s <a href="/wiki/Joe_Louis" title="Joe Louis">Joe Louis</a> was an enormously popular Heavyweight boxer. In 1936, he lost an important 12 round fight (his first loss) to the German boxer <a href="/wiki/Max_Schmeling" title="Max Schmeling">Max Schmeling</a> and he vowed to meet Schmeling once again in the ring. Louis' comeback bout against Schmeling became an international symbol of the struggle between the US and democracy against Nazism and Fascism. When on June 22, 1938, Louis knocked Schmeling out in the first few seconds of the first round during their rematch at <a href="/wiki/Yankee_Stadium_(1923)" title="Yankee Stadium (1923)">Yankee Stadium</a>, his sensational comeback victory riveted the entire nation. Louis enlisted in the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Army" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Army">U.S. Army</a> on January 10, 1942, in response to the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. Louis' cultural impact was felt well outside the ring. He is widely regarded as the first <a href="/wiki/African_American" class="mw-redirect" title="African American">African American</a> to achieve the status of a nationwide hero within the United States, and was also a focal point of anti-Nazi sentiment leading up to and during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-matters_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-matters-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddy_Baer" title="Buddy Baer">Buddy Baer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezzard_Charles" title="Ezzard Charles">Ezzard Charles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Conn" title="Billy Conn">Billy Conn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocky_Graziano" title="Rocky Graziano">Rocky Graziano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Louis" title="Joe Louis">Joe Louis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_Ray_Robinson" title="Sugar Ray Robinson">Sugar Ray Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Schmeling" title="Max Schmeling">Max Schmeling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_Joe_Walcott" title="Jersey Joe Walcott">Jersey Joe Walcott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Zale" title="Tony Zale">Tony Zale</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Track_and_Field">Track and Field</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1940s&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Track and Field"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1940s&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/The_USS_Arizona_%28BB-39%29_burning_after_the_Japanese_attack_on_Pearl_Harbor_-_NARA_195617_-_Edit.jpg/32px-The_USS_Arizona_%28BB-39%29_burning_after_the_Japanese_attack_on_Pearl_Harbor_-_NARA_195617_-_Edit.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/The_USS_Arizona_%28BB-39%29_burning_after_the_Japanese_attack_on_Pearl_Harbor_-_NARA_195617_-_Edit.jpg/48px-The_USS_Arizona_%28BB-39%29_burning_after_the_Japanese_attack_on_Pearl_Harbor_-_NARA_195617_-_Edit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/The_USS_Arizona_%28BB-39%29_burning_after_the_Japanese_attack_on_Pearl_Harbor_-_NARA_195617_-_Edit.jpg/64px-The_USS_Arizona_%28BB-39%29_burning_after_the_Japanese_attack_on_Pearl_Harbor_-_NARA_195617_-_Edit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2940" data-file-height="2326" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:1940s" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:1940s">1940s portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">List of decades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940s_in_television" class="mw-redirect" title="1940s in television">1940s in television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_years_in_literature#1940s" title="List of years in literature">1940s in literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greatest_Generation" title="Greatest Generation">Greatest Generation</a> (the remaining members of that generation came of age in the first half of the decade to serve in WW II).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silent_Generation" title="Silent Generation">Silent Generation</a> (the older members of that demographic had matured in the second half of this decade).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Timeline">Timeline</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1940s&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Timeline"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following articles contain brief timelines listing the most prominent events of the decade. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1940" title="1940">1940</a> • <a href="/wiki/1941" title="1941">1941</a> • <a href="/wiki/1942" title="1942">1942</a> • <a href="/wiki/1943" title="1943">1943</a> • <a href="/wiki/1944" title="1944">1944</a> • <a href="/wiki/1945" title="1945">1945</a> • <a href="/wiki/1946" title="1946">1946</a> • <a href="/wiki/1947" title="1947">1947</a> • <a href="/wiki/1948" title="1948">1948</a> • <a href="/wiki/1949" title="1949">1949</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1940s&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1940s&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Britannica-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/269548/Holocaust">"Holocaust," <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>, 2009</a>: "the systematic state-sponsored killing of six million Jewish men, women, and children and millions of others by Nazi Germany and its collaborators during World War II. The Germans called this "the final solution to the Jewish question ..."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Niewyk1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Niewyk1_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Niewyk, Donald L. <i>The Columbia Guide to the Holocaust,</i> <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University_Press" title="Columbia University Press">Columbia University Press</a>, 2000, p. 45: "The Holocaust is commonly defined as the murder of more than 5,000,000 Jews by the Germans in World War II." Also see "The Holocaust", <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>, 2007: "the systematic state-sponsored killing of six million Jewish men, women and children, and millions of others, by Nazi Germany and its collaborators during World War II. The Germans called this "the final solution to the Jewish question".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Niewyk, Donald L. and Nicosia, Francis R. <i>The Columbia Guide to the Holocaust, Columbia University Press</i>, 2000, pp. 45–52.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Donald Niewyk suggests that the broadest definition, including Soviet civilian deaths, would produce a death toll of 17 million. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lpDTIUklB2MC&pg=PP1#PPA45,M1">[1]</a> Estimates of the death toll of non-Jewish victims vary by millions, partly because the boundary between death by persecution and death by starvation and other means in a context of <a href="/wiki/Total_war" title="Total war">total war</a> is unclear. Overall, about 5.7 million (78 percent) of the 7.3 million Jews in occupied Europe perished (<a href="/wiki/Martin_Gilbert" title="Martin Gilbert">Gilbert, Martin</a>. <i>Atlas of the Holocaust</i> 1988, pp. 242–244). Compared to five to 11 million (1.4 percent to 3.0 percent) of the 360 million non-Jews in German-dominated Europe. Small, Melvin and J. David Singer. <i>Resort to Arms: International and civil Wars 1816–1980</i> and <a href="/wiki/Michael_Berenbaum" title="Michael Berenbaum">Berenbaum, Michael.</a> <i>A Mosaic of Victims: Non-Jews Persecuted and Murdered by the Nazis. New York: New York University Press, 1990</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMarkwell2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Donald_Markwell" title="Donald Markwell">Markwell, Donald</a> (2006). <i>John Maynard Keynes and International Relations: Economic Paths to War and Peace</i>. Oxford: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-198-29236-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-198-29236-4"><bdi>978-0-198-29236-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=John+Maynard+Keynes+and+International+Relations%3A+Economic+Paths+to+War+and+Peace&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-198-29236-4&rft.aulast=Markwell&rft.aufirst=Donald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1940s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210221202910/https://www.centrepompidou.fr/fr/ressources/oeuvre/cAXbMp">"Calling Mr Smith"</a>. <i>Centre Pompidou</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.centrepompidou.fr/fr/ressources/oeuvre/cAXbMp">the original</a> on 2021-02-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-02-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Centre+Pompidou&rft.atitle=Calling+Mr+Smith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.centrepompidou.fr%2Ffr%2Fressources%2Foeuvre%2FcAXbMp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1940s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.filmreference.com/Films-Dr-Ex/Les-Enfants-du-Paradis.html">"Les Enfants du Paradis - Film (Movie) Plot and Review - Publications"</a>. <i>www.filmreference.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.filmreference.com&rft.atitle=Les+Enfants+du+Paradis+-+Film+%28Movie%29+Plot+and+Review+-+Publications&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.filmreference.com%2FFilms-Dr-Ex%2FLes-Enfants-du-Paradis.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1940s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090113153911/http://www.eufs.org.uk/films/les_enfants_du_paradis.html">"Les Enfants du Paradis"</a>. <i>www.eufs.org.uk</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eufs.org.uk/films/les_enfants_du_paradis.html">the original</a> on 2009-01-13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.eufs.org.uk&rft.atitle=Les+Enfants+du+Paradis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eufs.org.uk%2Ffilms%2Fles_enfants_du_paradis.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1940s" class="Z3988"></span> Gio MacDonald, Edinburgh University Film Society program notes, 1994–95</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120920084900/http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20020106%2FREVIEWS08%2F201060301%2F1023">"Quoted by Roger Ebert, <i>Children of Paradise</i>, <i>Chicago Sun-Times</i>, 6 January 2002 review of the Criterion DVD release"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20020106/REVIEWS08/201060301/1023">the original</a> on 20 September 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Quoted+by+Roger+Ebert%2C+Children+of+Paradise%2C+Chicago+Sun-Times%2C+6+January+2002+review+of+the+Criterion+DVD+release&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frogerebert.suntimes.com%2Fapps%2Fpbcs.dll%2Farticle%3FAID%3D%2F20020106%2FREVIEWS08%2F201060301%2F1023&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1940s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110718075216/http://www.womeninwwii.com/fashion/1940sfashion.asp">"1940's Fashion Trends"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.womeninwwii.com/fashion/1940sfashion.asp">the original</a> on 2011-07-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-03-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1940%27s+Fashion+Trends&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.womeninwwii.com%2Ffashion%2F1940sfashion.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1940s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldstein2019" class="citation news cs1">Goldstein, Richard (22 November 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/21/sports/basketball/wat-misaka-dead.html">"New York Times"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 26,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=New+York+Times&rft.date=2019-11-22&rft.aulast=Goldstein&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2019%2F11%2F21%2Fsports%2Fbasketball%2Fwat-misaka-dead.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1940s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-matters-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-matters_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBloom,_JohnWillard,_Michael_Nevin2002" class="citation book cs1">Bloom, John; Willard, Michael Nevin (2002). John Bloom; Michael Nevin Willard (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kC4qYeafQzMC&pg=PA64"><i>Sports Matters: Race, Recreation, and Culture</i></a>. New York: New York University Press. pp. 46–47. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8147-9882-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8147-9882-9"><bdi>978-0-8147-9882-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sports+Matters%3A+Race%2C+Recreation%2C+and+Culture&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=46-47&rft.pub=New+York+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-8147-9882-9&rft.au=Bloom%2C+John&rft.au=Willard%2C+Michael+Nevin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkC4qYeafQzMC%26pg%3DPA64&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1940s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1940s&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Buchanan, Andrew. "Globalizing the Second World War," <i>Past and Present</i> no. 258 (February 2023): 246-281. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093/pastj/gtab042">online</a>; also see <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdiplo.org/to/AR1180">online review</a></li> <li>Lewis, Thomas Tandy, ed. <i>The Forties in America.</i> 3 volumes. Pasadena: Salem Press, 2011.</li> <li>Lingeman, Richard. <i>The Noir Forties: The American People from Victory to Cold War</i> (New York: Nation Books, 2012. xii, 420 pp.)</li> <li>Yust, Walter, ed., <i>10 Eventful Years</i> (4 vol., Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica Inc, 1947), encyclopedia of world events 1937-46</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1940s&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 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mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Events_by_month_links" title="Template:Events by month links"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Events_by_month_links" title="Template talk:Events by month links"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Events_by_month_links" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Events by month links"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Events_by_month" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Events by month</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1949" title="1949">1949</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1949" title="January 1949">Jan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1949" title="February 1949">Feb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1949" title="March 1949">Mar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_1949" title="April 1949">Apr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1949" title="May 1949">May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1949" title="June 1949">Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1949" title="July 1949">Jul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1949" title="August 1949">Aug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1949" title="September 1949">Sep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1949" title="October 1949">Oct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1949" title="November 1949">Nov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1949" title="December 1949">Dec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1948" title="1948">1948</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1948" title="January 1948">Jan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1948" title="February 1948">Feb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1948" title="March 1948">Mar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_1948" title="April 1948">Apr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1948" title="May 1948">May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1948" title="June 1948">Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1948" title="July 1948">Jul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1948" title="August 1948">Aug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1948" title="September 1948">Sep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1948" title="October 1948">Oct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1948" title="November 1948">Nov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1948" title="December 1948">Dec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1947" title="1947">1947</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1947" title="January 1947">Jan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1947" title="February 1947">Feb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1947" title="March 1947">Mar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_1947" title="April 1947">Apr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1947" title="May 1947">May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1947" title="June 1947">Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1947" title="July 1947">Jul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1947" title="August 1947">Aug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1947" title="September 1947">Sep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1947" title="October 1947">Oct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1947" title="November 1947">Nov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1947" title="December 1947">Dec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1946" title="1946">1946</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1946" title="January 1946">Jan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1946" title="February 1946">Feb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1946" title="March 1946">Mar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_1946" title="April 1946">Apr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1946" title="May 1946">May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1946" title="June 1946">Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1946" title="July 1946">Jul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1946" title="August 1946">Aug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1946" title="September 1946">Sep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1946" title="October 1946">Oct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1946" title="November 1946">Nov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1946" title="December 1946">Dec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1945" title="1945">1945</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1945" title="January 1945">Jan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1945" title="February 1945">Feb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1945" title="March 1945">Mar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_1945" title="April 1945">Apr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1945" title="May 1945">May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1945" title="June 1945">Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1945" title="July 1945">Jul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1945" title="August 1945">Aug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1945" title="September 1945">Sep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1945" title="October 1945">Oct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1945" title="November 1945">Nov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1945" title="December 1945">Dec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1944" title="1944">1944</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1944" title="January 1944">Jan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1944" title="February 1944">Feb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1944" title="March 1944">Mar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_1944" title="April 1944">Apr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1944" title="May 1944">May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1944" title="June 1944">Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1944" title="July 1944">Jul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1944" title="August 1944">Aug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1944" title="September 1944">Sep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1944" title="October 1944">Oct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1944" title="November 1944">Nov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1944" title="December 1944">Dec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1943" title="1943">1943</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1943" title="January 1943">Jan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1943" title="February 1943">Feb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1943" title="March 1943">Mar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_1943" title="April 1943">Apr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1943" title="May 1943">May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1943" title="June 1943">Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1943" title="July 1943">Jul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1943" title="August 1943">Aug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1943" title="September 1943">Sep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1943" title="October 1943">Oct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1943" title="November 1943">Nov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1943" title="December 1943">Dec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1942" title="1942">1942</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1942" title="January 1942">Jan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1942" title="February 1942">Feb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1942" title="March 1942">Mar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_1942" title="April 1942">Apr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1942" title="May 1942">May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1942" title="June 1942">Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1942" title="July 1942">Jul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1942" title="August 1942">Aug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1942" title="September 1942">Sep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1942" title="October 1942">Oct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1942" title="November 1942">Nov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1942" title="December 1942">Dec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1941" title="1941">1941</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1941" title="January 1941">Jan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1941" title="February 1941">Feb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1941" title="March 1941">Mar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_1941" title="April 1941">Apr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1941" title="May 1941">May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1941" title="June 1941">Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1941" title="July 1941">Jul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1941" title="August 1941">Aug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1941" title="September 1941">Sep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1941" title="October 1941">Oct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1941" title="November 1941">Nov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1941" title="December 1941">Dec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1940" title="1940">1940</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1940" title="January 1940">Jan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1940" title="February 1940">Feb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1940" title="March 1940">Mar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_1940" title="April 1940">Apr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1940" title="May 1940">May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1940" title="June 1940">Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1940" title="July 1940">Jul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1940" title="August 1940">Aug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1940" title="September 1940">Sep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1940" title="October 1940">Oct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1940" title="November 1940">Nov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1940" title="December 1940">Dec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="History_of_the_20th_century" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link 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title="Christianity in the 20th century">Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20th_century_in_literature" title="20th century in literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20th-century_music" title="20th-century music">Music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/20th-century_classical_music" title="20th-century classical music">classical</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20th-century_philosophy" class="mw-redirect" title="20th-century philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20th_century_in_science" title="20th century in science">Science</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1970s_in_science_and_technology" title="1970s in science and technology">1970s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980s_in_science_and_technology" title="1980s in science and technology">1980s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990s_in_science_and_technology" title="1990s in science and technology">1990s</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twentieth-century_theatre" title="Twentieth-century theatre">Theatre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>State leaders <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_the_20th_century_(1901%E2%80%931950)" title="List of state leaders in the 20th century (1901–1950)">1901–1950</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_the_20th_century_(1951%E2%80%932000)" title="List of state leaders in the 20th century (1951–2000)">1951–2000</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_20th-century_earthquakes" class="mw-redirect" title="List of 20th-century earthquakes">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_20th-century_lunar_eclipses" class="mw-redirect" title="List of 20th-century lunar eclipses">Lunar eclipses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_riots#20th_century" title="List of riots">Riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_solar_eclipses_in_the_20th_century" title="List of solar eclipses in the 20th century">Solar eclipses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_large_volcanic_eruptions_of_the_20th_century" class="mw-redirect" title="List of large volcanic eruptions of the 20th century">Volcanic eruptions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:20th_century" title="Category:20th century">Category</a></li></ul> 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