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href="#Gramm–Leach–Bliley_Financial_Services_Modernization_Act"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Gramm–Leach–Bliley Financial Services Modernization Act</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gramm–Leach–Bliley_Financial_Services_Modernization_Act-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Elections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2006_election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2006_election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>2006 election</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2006_election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-congressional_career" 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American politician and academic (born 1942)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the American politician and academic. For other persons of the same name, see <a href="/wiki/James_Leach_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="James Leach (disambiguation)">James Leach (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Jim Leach</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Jim_Leach2_Cropped.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Jim_Leach2_Cropped.png/220px-Jim_Leach2_Cropped.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="288" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Jim_Leach2_Cropped.png/330px-Jim_Leach2_Cropped.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/Jim_Leach2_Cropped.png 2x" data-file-width="403" data-file-height="527" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Chair_of_the_National_Endowment_for_the_Humanities" title="Chair of the National Endowment for the Humanities">Chair of the National Endowment for the Humanities</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />August 7, 2009 – April 23, 2013</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Cole" title="Bruce Cole">Bruce Cole</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William_Drea_Adams" title="William Drea Adams">William Drea Adams</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Chair of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Financial_Services" title="United States House Committee on Financial Services">House Financial Services Committee</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 4, 1995 – January 3, 2001</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Henry_B._Gonzalez" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry B. Gonzalez">Henry B. Gonzalez</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Oxley" title="Mike Oxley">Mike Oxley</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member<span class="nowrap"> </span>of<span class="nowrap"> </span>the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S.<span class="nowrap"> </span>House<span class="nowrap"> </span>of<span class="nowrap"> </span>Representatives</a> from<span class="nowrap"> </span><a href="/wiki/Iowa" title="Iowa">Iowa</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 3, 1977 – January 3, 2007</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Mezvinsky" title="Edward Mezvinsky">Edward Mezvinsky</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dave_Loebsack" title="Dave Loebsack">Dave Loebsack</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Constituency</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span data-sort-value="Iowa01 !"><a href="/wiki/Iowa%27s_1st_congressional_district" title="Iowa's 1st congressional district">1st district</a></span> (1977–2003)</li><li><span data-sort-value="Iowa02 !"><a href="/wiki/Iowa%27s_2nd_congressional_district" title="Iowa's 2nd congressional district">2nd district</a></span> (2003–2007)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">James Albert Smith Leach</div><br /><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1942-10-15</span>) </span>October 15, 1942<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 82)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Davenport,_Iowa" title="Davenport, Iowa">Davenport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iowa" title="Iowa">Iowa</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> (since 2022)<br /><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> (until 2022)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Deba Leach</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">AB</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University" title="Johns Hopkins University">Johns Hopkins University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Master_of_Arts" title="Master of Arts">MA</a>)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>James Albert Smith Leach</b> (born October 15, 1942) is an American academic and former politician. He served as ninth <a href="/wiki/Chair_of_the_National_Endowment_for_the_Humanities" title="Chair of the National Endowment for the Humanities">Chair</a> of the <a href="/wiki/National_Endowment_for_the_Humanities" title="National Endowment for the Humanities">National Endowment for the Humanities</a> from 2009 to 2013<sup id="cite_ref-Landesman_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Landesman-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was a member of the <a href="/wiki/U.S._House_of_Representatives" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a> from <a href="/wiki/Iowa" title="Iowa">Iowa</a> (1977–2007). </p><p>Leach was the <a href="/wiki/John_L._Weinberg" title="John L. Weinberg">John L. Weinberg</a> Visiting Professor of Public and International Affairs at the <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Woodrow Wilson School">Woodrow Wilson School</a> of <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-WaPo_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WaPo-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also served as the interim director of the Institute of Politics at <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Kennedy_School" title="Harvard Kennedy School">Harvard Kennedy School</a> at <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> from September 17, 2007, to September 1, 2008, when <a href="/wiki/Bill_Purcell_(mayor)" title="Bill Purcell (mayor)">Bill Purcell</a> was appointed permanent director. </p><p>Previously, Leach served 30 years (1977–2007) as a <a href="/wiki/United_States_Republican_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Republican Party">Republican</a> member of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">United States House of Representatives</a>, representing <span data-sort-value="Iowa02 !"><a href="/wiki/Iowa%27s_2nd_congressional_district" title="Iowa's 2nd congressional district">Iowa's 2nd congressional district</a></span> (numbered as the 1st District from 1977 to 2003). In <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">Congress</a>, Leach chaired the House Committee on Banking and Financial Services (1995–2001) and was a senior member of the House Committee on International Relations, serving as Chair of the committee's Subcommittee on Asian and Pacific Affairs (2001–2006).<sup id="cite_ref-WhiteHouse_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WhiteHouse-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also founded and served as co-chair of the Congressional Humanities Caucus.<sup id="cite_ref-WaPo_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WaPo-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He lost his 2006 re-election bid to <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democrat</a> <a href="/wiki/Dave_Loebsack" title="Dave Loebsack">Dave Loebsack</a>. Leach sponsored the 1999 <a href="/wiki/Gramm%E2%80%93Leach%E2%80%93Bliley_Act" title="Gramm–Leach–Bliley Act">Gramm–Leach–Bliley Act</a>, a notable piece of banking legislation of the 20th century. </p><p>In 2022, Leach broke with the Republicans and registered as a Democrat.<sup id="cite_ref-Watson_2022_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Watson_2022-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jim_Leach&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Leach was born in <a href="/wiki/Davenport,_Iowa" title="Davenport, Iowa">Davenport, Iowa</a>, and won the 1960 state <a href="/wiki/Wrestling" title="Wrestling">wrestling</a> championship at the 138-pound weight class for Davenport High School.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (April 2024)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> He graduated from <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a> in 1964 with an A.B. in politics after completing a senior thesis titled "The Right to Revolt: <a href="/wiki/John_Locke" title="John Locke">John Locke</a> Contrasted with <a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Karl Marx</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While a student at Princeton, Leach was a member of <a href="/wiki/The_Ivy_Club" class="mw-redirect" title="The Ivy Club">The Ivy Club</a>. He then earned a <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Arts" title="Master of Arts">Master of Arts</a> degree in <a href="/wiki/Russian_studies" title="Russian studies">Soviet studies</a> from <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University" title="Johns Hopkins University">Johns Hopkins University</a> in 1966.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He later did further Soviet research at the <a href="/wiki/London_School_of_Economics" title="London School of Economics">London School of Economics</a>, where he studied under <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Schapiro" title="Leonard Schapiro">Leonard Schapiro</a>, the foremost expert on Soviet affairs.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_career">Early career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jim_Leach&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Prior to entering the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Foreign_Service" title="United States Foreign Service">United States Foreign Service</a>, he was a staffer for then U.S. Rep. <a href="/wiki/Donald_Rumsfeld" title="Donald Rumsfeld">Donald Rumsfeld</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-WaPo_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WaPo-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1969, he was an assistant to Rumsfeld, who had left his Congressional seat to become Director of the Office of Economic Opportunity in the Nixon administration.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While in the Foreign Service, he was a delegate to the <a href="/wiki/Conference_of_the_Committee_on_Disarmament" title="Conference of the Committee on Disarmament">Geneva Disarmament Conference</a> and the <a href="/wiki/U.N._General_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="U.N. General Assembly">U.N. General Assembly</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1973, Leach resigned his commission in protest of the <a href="/wiki/Saturday_Night_Massacre" title="Saturday Night Massacre">Saturday Night Massacre</a> when <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> fired his Attorney General, <a href="/wiki/Elliot_Richardson" title="Elliot Richardson">Elliot Richardson</a>, and the independent counsel investigating the Watergate break-in, <a href="/wiki/Archibald_Cox" title="Archibald Cox">Archibald Cox</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="U.S._House_of_Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jim_Leach&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: U.S. House of Representatives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After returning to Iowa to head a family business, Leach was elected in 1976 to Congress (defeating two-term <a href="/wiki/United_States_Democratic_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Democratic Party">Democrat</a> <a href="/wiki/Edward_Mezvinsky" title="Edward Mezvinsky">Edward Mezvinsky</a>), where he came to be a leader of a small band of moderate Republicans.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He chaired two national organizations dedicated to moderate Republican causes: the <a href="/wiki/Ripon_Society" title="Ripon Society">Ripon Society</a> and the Republican Mainstream Committee.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also served as president of the largest international association of legislators – <a href="/wiki/Parliamentarians_for_Global_Action" title="Parliamentarians for Global Action">Parliamentarians for Global Action</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During his 15 terms in Congress, Leach's voting record was generally conservative on fiscal issues, moderate on social matters, and <a href="/wiki/Progressivism_in_the_United_States" title="Progressivism in the United States">progressive</a> in <a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Foreign policy of the United States">foreign policy</a>. As chair of the Arms Control and Foreign Policy Caucus, he pressed for a Comprehensive Test Ban and led the first House debate on a <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_freeze" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear freeze">nuclear freeze</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He objected to military unilateralism as reflected in the <a href="/wiki/Iran-Contra" class="mw-redirect" title="Iran-Contra">Iran-Contra</a> policy of the 1980s. He pushed for full funding of U.S. obligations to the United Nations, supported U.S. re-entry into <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a>, and opposed U.S. withdrawal from the compulsory jurisdiction of the <a href="/wiki/International_Court_of_Justice" title="International Court of Justice">International Court of Justice</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While he supported the first <a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a> in 1991, Leach was one of six House Republicans who voted against the authorization to use force against Iraq in 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Once the Congress committed to war, however, he held that it would be folly to assume it could be funded with tax cuts and <span class="citation-needed-content" style="padding-left:0.1em; padding-right:0.1em; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle, #c8ccd1);">therefore</span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> he was one of three Republican congressmen (alongside <a href="/wiki/Mike_Castle" title="Mike Castle">Michael Castle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Amo_Houghton" title="Amo Houghton">Amo Houghton</a>) to vote against the 2003 extension of the <a href="/wiki/Jobs_and_Growth_Tax_Relief_Reconciliation_Act_of_2003" title="Jobs and Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2003">Bush-era tax cuts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research"><span title="The material near this tag possibly contains original research. (April 2024)">original research?</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:JimLeach.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/15/JimLeach.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="238" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="175" data-file-height="238" /></a><figcaption>Portrait of Jim Leach, 2002, collection of U.S. House of Representatives</figcaption></figure> <p>Leach supported abortion rights except during the <a href="/wiki/Third_trimester" class="mw-redirect" title="Third trimester">third trimester</a> but also opposed public funding of abortion, receiving an overall 30% rating from the Pro-Choice group <a href="/wiki/NARAL" class="mw-redirect" title="NARAL">NARAL</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Leach was a supporter of <a href="/wiki/Stem_cell_research" class="mw-redirect" title="Stem cell research">stem cell research</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Leach supported campaign reform and pressed unsuccessfully for a system of partial <a href="/wiki/Public_financing" class="mw-redirect" title="Public financing">public financing</a> of elections whereby small contributions could be matched by federal funds with accompanying limits on the amounts that could be spent in campaigns including the personal resources candidates could put in their own races.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his own campaigns, Leach did not accept donations from outside of Iowa.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As a member of the minority for his first nine terms, he became known for the development of three reports – one in the 1980s calling for a more progressive approach to <a href="/wiki/Central_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Central American">Central American</a> politics; a second in the early 1990s on reforming the United Nations written for a national commission he legislatively established and later chaired; and the third issued when he was ranking minority member of the Banking Committee on the challenges of regulating <a href="/wiki/Derivative_(finance)" title="Derivative (finance)">derivatives</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the wake of a 1996 Ethics Committee probe of then Speaker of the House <a href="/wiki/Newt_Gingrich" title="Newt Gingrich">Newt Gingrich</a>, which cited the Speaker for providing false information under oath to a House committee, Leach broke ranks with tradition and voted against his party's nominee for Speaker in the subsequent Congress.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In one of the few occasions in the 20th century when any party division was recorded on the initial leadership organizing votes on the House floor, he voted for the former Republican leader, <a href="/wiki/Robert_H._Michel" title="Robert H. Michel">Bob Michel</a>, and received two votes himself, causing Leach to take a distant third in the contest for Speaker of the <a href="/wiki/105th_United_States_Congress" title="105th United States Congress">105th Congress</a> behind Gingrich and the Democratic nominee, <a href="/wiki/Dick_Gephardt" title="Dick Gephardt">Dick Gephardt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Leach was a top critic of President <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> and played a leading role in the House's investigation of the <a href="/wiki/Whitewater_scandal" class="mw-redirect" title="Whitewater scandal">Whitewater scandal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1980s he had objected to political misjudgments that lengthened and deepened losses in the <a href="/wiki/Savings_and_loan" class="mw-redirect" title="Savings and loan">savings and loan</a> industry.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because criminal referrals had been lodged by a federal agency against President Clinton, his wife, and their partners in a real estate venture for their role in the failure of a modest-sized Arkansas S&L, Leach as chair of the <a href="/wiki/House_Banking_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="House Banking Committee">House Banking Committee</a> held four days of hearings (all in the same week) on the causes and consequences of the failure.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While federal taxpayer losses (approximately $70 million) associated with this particular S&L were not as large as with bigger institutions around the country, no S&L anywhere failed with a higher percentage of losses relative to assets than the one in Arkansas. </p><p>In the end, the independent counsel brought more than 50 criminal convictions related to the failed S&L, including cases against Clinton's successor as Governor of Arkansas, <a href="/wiki/Jim_Guy_Tucker" title="Jim Guy Tucker">Jim Guy Tucker</a>, and his business partners in Whitewater.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Leach did not think that the crimes surrounding the failure of the Whitewater-tied S&L should have been considered in an <a href="/wiki/Federal_impeachment_in_the_United_States" title="Federal impeachment in the United States">impeachment</a> framework. Like many in Congress, he was surprised that the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">Justice Department</a> chose to refer certain sex-related charges to <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Starr" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenneth Starr">Kenneth Starr</a>, the Whitewater independent counsel, and even more so when Starr chose subsequently to refer certain of them to the Congress. But in what he described as a close judgment call, Leach voted for the <a href="/wiki/Article_of_impeachment" title="Article of impeachment">article of impeachment</a> that related to felonious lying under oath.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gramm–Leach–Bliley_Financial_Services_Modernization_Act"><span id="Gramm.E2.80.93Leach.E2.80.93Bliley_Financial_Services_Modernization_Act"></span>Gramm–Leach–Bliley Financial Services Modernization Act</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jim_Leach&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Gramm–Leach–Bliley Financial Services Modernization Act"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Gramm%E2%80%93Leach%E2%80%93Bliley_Act" title="Gramm–Leach–Bliley Act">Gramm–Leach–Bliley Act</a>, also known as the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Financial Services Modernization Act, Pub. L. No. 106–102, 113 Stat. 1338 (November 12, 1999), is an Act of the United States Congress which repealed part of the <a href="/wiki/Glass%E2%80%93Steagall_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Glass–Steagall Act">Glass–Steagall Act</a> of 1933, opening up competition among banks, securities companies and insurance companies. The Glass–Steagall Act prohibited a bank from offering investment, commercial banking, and insurance services. This act of deregulation has been cited as one reason for the <a href="/wiki/Subprime_mortgage_crisis" title="Subprime mortgage crisis">subprime mortgage crisis</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which in turn is cited as a prime component of the <a href="/wiki/2007%E2%80%932008_financial_crisis" title="2007–2008 financial crisis">2007–2008 financial crisis</a>. In this regard in 2009 and since, Gramm–Leach has been considered in part a target of the <a href="/wiki/Volcker_Rule#Historical_antecedents" title="Volcker Rule">Volcker Rule</a> within the overall <a href="/wiki/Dodd%E2%80%93Frank_Wall_Street_Reform_and_Consumer_Protection_Act" title="Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act">Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act</a> of 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Elections">Elections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jim_Leach&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jimleach-2006nov5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Jimleach-2006nov5.jpg/175px-Jimleach-2006nov5.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Jimleach-2006nov5.jpg/263px-Jimleach-2006nov5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Jimleach-2006nov5.jpg/350px-Jimleach-2006nov5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="802" data-file-height="1047" /></a><figcaption>Leach, after poll results came in, greeting the press on election night in <a href="/wiki/Cedar_Rapids,_Iowa" title="Cedar Rapids, Iowa">Cedar Rapids</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_elections,_2006" class="mw-redirect" title="United States House elections, 2006">2006</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Leach was usually reelected without much difficulty (including an unopposed run in 1990). He remained very popular in the 1st even as his district turned increasingly Democratic, especially from the 1990s onward. For most of his career, he represented the Democratic strongholds of Davenport, <a href="/wiki/Cedar_Rapids" class="mw-redirect" title="Cedar Rapids">Cedar Rapids</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iowa_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Iowa City">Iowa City</a>. The district had last supported a Republican for president in 1984, and by the mid-1990s most of its state legislators were Democrats. The district became even more Democratic after the 2000 census, in which it was renumbered the 2nd District. Additionally, his hometown of Davenport, which had anchored the district for decades, was drawn into the 1st District (previously the 2nd District). Leach seriously considered running against fellow Republican incumbent <a href="/wiki/Jim_Nussle" title="Jim Nussle">Jim Nussle</a> in the 1st District primary. Had he done so, it was considered very likely that the reconfigured 2nd would have been taken by a Democrat. However, Leach opted to move to Iowa City in the reconfigured 2nd and won reelection two more times. Still, it was considered very likely that Leach would be succeeded by a Democrat once he retired. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2006_election">2006 election</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jim_Leach&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 2006 election"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2006, Leach was defeated in a considerable upset by Democratic opponent <a href="/wiki/Dave_Loebsack" title="Dave Loebsack">Dave Loebsack</a>, a political science professor at <a href="/wiki/Cornell_College" title="Cornell College">Cornell College</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Loebsack had only qualified for the Democratic primary as a write-in candidate, and Leach was not on many Democratic target lists. However, Loebsack won by a narrow margin of approximately 6,000 votes, largely by running up an 8,395-vote margin in <a href="/wiki/Johnson_County,_Iowa" title="Johnson County, Iowa">Johnson County</a>, home to Iowa City.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In conjunction with a Democratic tide which swept Eastern Iowa and across the U.S. in the 2006 election, there were two factors seen as what led to Leach's defeat: his refusal to allow the <a href="/wiki/Republican_National_Committee" title="Republican National Committee">Republican National Committee</a> to distribute leaflets that were seen as anti-gay, attacking Loebsack for his views on gay marriage, and his refusal to take out-of-state and <a href="/wiki/Political_action_committee" title="Political action committee">political action committee</a> money.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The second related to his success just before adjournment in passing H.R. 4411. Gambling interests opposed him during the election and contended the bill had passed without hearings. The bill had been subject to extensive hearings over several Congresses, especially on the House side where both the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Financial_Services" title="United States House Committee on Financial Services">Financial Services</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_the_Judiciary" title="United States House Committee on the Judiciary">Judiciary</a> committees had shared jurisdiction.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Leach argued that Internet gambling weakened the economy and jeopardized the social fabric of the family. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Post-congressional_career">Post-congressional career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jim_Leach&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Post-congressional career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After his defeat, Leach's name was floated as a potential replacement to <a href="/wiki/John_R._Bolton" class="mw-redirect" title="John R. Bolton">John Bolton</a> as Ambassador to the United Nations.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On December 8, 2006, Leach's House colleagues <a href="/wiki/Earl_Blumenauer" title="Earl Blumenauer">Earl Blumenauer</a> (D-Oregon) and <a href="/wiki/James_T._Walsh" title="James T. Walsh">Jim Walsh</a> (R-New York) sent a letter to President <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> urging the President to nominate Leach for the post.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the nomination instead went to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Ambassador to Iraq">United States Ambassador to Iraq</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zalmay_Khalilzad" title="Zalmay Khalilzad">Zalmay Khalilzad</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Leach then taught at Princeton and served on the board of several public companies and four non-profit organizations, including the <a href="/wiki/Century_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Century Foundation">Century Foundation</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Kettering_Foundation" title="Kettering Foundation">Kettering Foundation</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Endowment_for_International_Peace" title="Carnegie Endowment for International Peace">Carnegie Endowment for International Peace</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is a member of the <a href="/wiki/Council_on_Foreign_Relations" title="Council on Foreign Relations">Council on Foreign Relations</a> and formerly served as a <a href="/wiki/Trustee" title="Trustee">trustee</a> of Princeton University.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Leach holds eight <a href="/wiki/Honorary_degrees" class="mw-redirect" title="Honorary degrees">honorary degrees</a> and has received decorations from two foreign governments.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is the recipient of the Wayne Morse Integrity in Politics Award, the Woodrow Wilson Award from Johns Hopkins, the Adlai Stevenson Award from the United Nations Association, and the Edger Wayburn Award from the <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Club" title="Sierra Club">Sierra Club</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A three-sport athlete in college, Leach was elected to the <a href="/wiki/National_Wrestling_Hall_of_Fame_and_Museum" title="National Wrestling Hall of Fame and Museum">National Wrestling Hall of Fame and Museum</a> in <a href="/wiki/Stillwater,_Oklahoma" title="Stillwater, Oklahoma">Stillwater, Oklahoma</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/International_Wrestling_Hall_of_Fame" class="mw-redirect" title="International Wrestling Hall of Fame">International Wrestling Hall of Fame</a> in <a href="/wiki/Waterloo,_Iowa" title="Waterloo, Iowa">Waterloo, Iowa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On September 17, 2007, Leach was named as Interim Director of the <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Institute_of_Politics" title="Harvard Institute of Politics">Institute of Politics</a> (IOP) at <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Kennedy_School" title="Harvard Kennedy School">Harvard Kennedy School</a> after former director <a href="/wiki/Jeanne_Shaheen" title="Jeanne Shaheen">Jeanne Shaheen</a> left to pursue a U.S. Senate seat in New Hampshire.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He was elected to the <a href="/wiki/Common_Cause" title="Common Cause">Common Cause</a> National Governing Board in 2007. </p><p>Leach resides in <a href="/wiki/Iowa_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Iowa City">Iowa City</a> and Princeton with his wife Elisabeth (Deba), son Gallagher, and daughter Jenny.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jim_Leach_DNC_2008.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Jim_Leach_DNC_2008.jpg/200px-Jim_Leach_DNC_2008.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Jim_Leach_DNC_2008.jpg/300px-Jim_Leach_DNC_2008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Jim_Leach_DNC_2008.jpg/400px-Jim_Leach_DNC_2008.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>Leach speaks during the first night of the <a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2008 Democratic National Convention">2008 Democratic National Convention</a> in <a href="/wiki/Denver,_Colorado" class="mw-redirect" title="Denver, Colorado">Denver</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>On August 12, 2008, Leach broke party ranks to endorse Democrat <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> over fellow Republican <a href="/wiki/John_McCain" title="John McCain">John McCain</a> in the <a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="2008 United States presidential election">2008 U.S. presidential election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He spoke at the <a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2008 Democratic National Convention">2008 Democratic National Convention</a> in <a href="/wiki/Denver,_Colorado" class="mw-redirect" title="Denver, Colorado">Denver</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a>, on the night of August 25, 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-DemConv_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DemConv-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was introduced by Senator <a href="/wiki/Tom_Harkin" title="Tom Harkin">Tom Harkin</a>, a fellow Iowan.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On November 14 and 15, 2008, Leach and former Clinton <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a> <a href="/wiki/Madeleine_Albright" title="Madeleine Albright">Madeleine Albright</a> served as emissaries for President-elect Obama at the international economic summit being held in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>President Obama announced his nomination of Leach to be the ninth <a href="/wiki/Chair_of_the_National_Endowment_for_the_Humanities" title="Chair of the National Endowment for the Humanities">Chair</a> of the <a href="/wiki/National_Endowment_for_the_Humanities" title="National Endowment for the Humanities">National Endowment for the Humanities</a> in June 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The appointment was confirmed in August 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-Landesman_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Landesman-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On August 1, 2013, Jim Leach began serving a three-year term as public affairs chair at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Iowa" title="University of Iowa">University of Iowa</a> and he was slated to begin teaching there as a visiting professor of law in the spring of 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2020, Leach, along with over 130 other former Republican national security officials, signed a statement that asserted that <a href="/wiki/President_Trump" class="mw-redirect" title="President Trump">President Trump</a> was unfit to serve another term, and "To that end, we are firmly convinced that it is in the best interest of our nation that Vice President Joe Biden be elected as the next President of the United States, and we will vote for him."<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2022, Leach revealed in an interview with the <i><a href="/wiki/Quad-City_Times" title="Quad-City Times">Quad-City Times</a></i> that he had changed his registration to Democratic ahead of the June primary, citing his switch as a rebuke of the national party and their response to the <a href="/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack" title="January 6 United States Capitol attack">January 6 United States Capitol attack</a> the previous year. Leach also stated that he wanted to support <a href="/wiki/Christina_Bohannan" title="Christina Bohannan">Christina Bohannan</a>, a Democratic candidate (and ultimately the nominee) for <a href="/wiki/Iowa%27s_1st_congressional_district" title="Iowa's 1st congressional district">Iowa's 1st congressional district</a> that year in the primary; he also endorsed Democratic <a href="/wiki/2022_United_States_Senate_election_in_Iowa" title="2022 United States Senate election in Iowa">U.S. Senate</a> nominee <a href="/wiki/Michael_Franken" title="Michael Franken">Michael Franken</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Watson_2022_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Watson_2022-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jim_Leach&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._political_appointments_that_crossed_party_lines" class="mw-redirect" title="List of U.S. political appointments that crossed party lines">List of U.S. political appointments that crossed party lines</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jim_Leach&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Landesman-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Landesman_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Landesman_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPogrebin2009" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robin_Pogrebin" title="Robin Pogrebin">Pogrebin, Robin</a> (August 7, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.nytimes.com/artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/08/07/rocco-landesman-confirmed-as-chairman-of-the-national-endowment-for-the-arts/">"Rocco Landesman Confirmed as Chairman of the National Endowment for the Arts"</a>. ArtsBeat. <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Rocco+Landesman+Confirmed+as+Chairman+of+the+National+Endowment+for+the+Arts&rft.date=2009-08-07&rft.aulast=Pogrebin&rft.aufirst=Robin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.nytimes.com%2Fartsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com%2F2009%2F08%2F07%2Frocco-landesman-confirmed-as-chairman-of-the-national-endowment-for-the-arts%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJim+Leach" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.neh.gov/news/press-release/2013-04-23">"NEH Chairman Jim Leach Announces Resignation"</a>. National Endowment for the Humanities<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 16,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NEH+Chairman+Jim+Leach+Announces+Resignation&rft.pub=National+Endowment+for+the+Humanities&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neh.gov%2Fnews%2Fpress-release%2F2013-04-23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJim+Leach" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WaPo-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WaPo_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WaPo_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WaPo_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrescott2009" class="citation news cs1">Trescott, Jacqueline (June 3, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/06/03/AR2009060302839.html">"GOP's Leach Picked to Run Humanities Endowment"</a>. <i>Washington Post</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 4,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=GOP%27s+Leach+Picked+to+Run+Humanities+Endowment&rft.date=2009-06-03&rft.aulast=Trescott&rft.aufirst=Jacqueline&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F2009%2F06%2F03%2FAR2009060302839.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJim+Leach" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WhiteHouse-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WhiteHouse_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the_press_office/President-Obama-Announces-Intent-to-Nominate-former-GOP-Congressman-Jim-Leach-as-Chairman-of-the-National-Endowment-for-the-Humanities/">"President Obama Announces Intent to Nominate former GOP Congressman Jim Leach as Chairman of the National Endowment for the Humanities"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Whitehouse.gov" title="Whitehouse.gov">whitehouse.gov</a></i>. June 3, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 4,</span> 2009</span> – via <a href="/wiki/NARA" class="mw-redirect" title="NARA">National Archives</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=whitehouse.gov&rft.atitle=President+Obama+Announces+Intent+to+Nominate+former+GOP+Congressman+Jim+Leach+as+Chairman+of+the+National+Endowment+for+the+Humanities&rft.date=2009-06-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fobamawhitehouse.archives.gov%2Fthe_press_office%2FPresident-Obama-Announces-Intent-to-Nominate-former-GOP-Congressman-Jim-Leach-as-Chairman-of-the-National-Endowment-for-the-Humanities%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJim+Leach" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Watson_2022-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Watson_2022_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Watson_2022_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWatson2022" class="citation web cs1">Watson, Sarah (July 27, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://qctimes.com/news/local/govt-and-politics/elections/a-former-30-year-republican-iowa-congressman-is-endorsing-democrats-in-2022-heres-why/article_730ae674-84d6-5882-98c8-4aeb5b58da4d.html">"A former 30-year Republican Iowa Congressman is endorsing Democrats in 2022. Here's why"</a>. <i>The Quad-City Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 29,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Quad-City+Times&rft.atitle=A+former+30-year+Republican+Iowa+Congressman+is+endorsing+Democrats+in+2022.+Here%27s+why.&rft.date=2022-07-27&rft.aulast=Watson&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fqctimes.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fgovt-and-politics%2Felections%2Fa-former-30-year-republican-iowa-congressman-is-endorsing-democrats-in-2022-heres-why%2Farticle_730ae674-84d6-5882-98c8-4aeb5b58da4d.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJim+Leach" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">gbhofinductions_03, <i>wrestlingmuseum.org</i>. Site has no content.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeach1964" class="citation thesis cs1">Leach, James (1964). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dataspace.princeton.edu/jspui/handle/88435/dsp01jh343v104"><i>The Right to Revolt: John Locke Contrasted with Karl Marx</i></a> (Thesis).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=The+Right+to+Revolt%3A+John+Locke+Contrasted+with+Karl+Marx&rft.date=1964&rft.aulast=Leach&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdataspace.princeton.edu%2Fjspui%2Fhandle%2F88435%2Fdsp01jh343v104&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJim+Leach" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.politico.com/arena/bio/james_a_leach.html">"Arena Profile: James A. Leach"</a>. politico.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Arena+Profile%3A+James+A.+Leach&rft.pub=politico.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Farena%2Fbio%2Fjames_a_leach.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJim+Leach" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090809011523/http://www.dailyprincetonian.com/2009/06/03/23744/">"Obama taps Leach '64 to chair NEH"</a>. dailyprincetonian.com. June 3, 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailyprincetonian.com/2009/06/03/23744/">the original</a> on August 9, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 30,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Obama+taps+Leach+%2764+to+chair+NEH&rft.pub=dailyprincetonian.com&rft.date=2009-06-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailyprincetonian.com%2F2009%2F06%2F03%2F23744%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJim+Leach" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CRPT-111hrpt31/html/CRPT-111hrpt31.htm">"111th Congress Report HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 1st Session 111-31 JAMES A. LEACH UNITED STATES COURTHOUSE"</a>. gpo.gov. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 10,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Iowa+City+Press+Citizen&rft.atitle=Local+News+-+Iowa+City+Press+Citizen+-+press-citizen.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.press-citizen.com%2Farticle%2F20130830%2FNEWS01%2F308310002%2FLeach-kicks-off-time-on-campus%3Fodyssey%3Dtab%257Ctopnews%257Ctext%257CFrontpage%26nclick_check%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJim+Leach" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.defendingdemocracytogether.org/national-security/">"Former Republican National Security Officials for Biden"</a>. <i>Defending Democracy Together</i>. August 20, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 26,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Defending+Democracy+Together&rft.atitle=Former+Republican+National+Security+Officials+for+Biden&rft.date=2020-08-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.defendingdemocracytogether.org%2Fnational-security%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJim+Leach" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jim_Leach&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Jim_Leach" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Jim Leach">Jim Leach</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_CongressL000169" class="citation web cs1">United States Congress. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=L000169">"Jim Leach (id: L000169)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Biographical Directory of the United States Congress">Biographical Directory of the United States Congress</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Biographical+Directory+of+the+United+States+Congress&rft.atitle=Jim+Leach+%28id%3A+L000169%29&rft.au=United+States+Congress&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbioguide.congress.gov%2Fscripts%2Fbiodisplay.pl%3Findex%3DL000169&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJim+Leach" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?1751">Appearances</a> on <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bsherman.net/Leach.mp3">June 21, 2007 speech by Leach on US foreign policy to the Iowa City Foreign Relations Council, MP3</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Mezvinsky" title="Edward Mezvinsky">Edward Mezvinsky</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Representatives_from_Iowa" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States Representatives from Iowa">House of Representatives</a><br />from <a href="/wiki/Iowa%27s_1st_congressional_district" title="Iowa's 1st congressional district">Iowa's 1st congressional district</a> </b><br />1977–2003 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Jim_Nussle" title="Jim Nussle">Jim Nussle</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Chalmers_Wylie" title="Chalmers Wylie">Chalmers Wylie</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Ranking Member of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Financial_Services" title="United States House Committee on Financial Services">House Financial Services Committee</a> </b><br />1993–1995 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Henry_B._Gonz%C3%A1lez" title="Henry B. González">Henry Gonzalez</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Henry_B._Gonz%C3%A1lez" title="Henry B. González">Henry Gonzalez</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Chair of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Financial_Services" title="United States House Committee on Financial Services">House Financial Services Committee</a> </b><br />1995–2001 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Oxley" title="Mike Oxley">Mike Oxley</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Jim_Nussle" title="Jim Nussle">Jim Nussle</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Representatives_from_Iowa" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States Representatives from Iowa">House of Representatives</a><br />from <a href="/wiki/Iowa%27s_2nd_congressional_district" title="Iowa's 2nd congressional district">Iowa's 2nd congressional district</a> </b><br />2003–2007 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/David_Loebsack" class="mw-redirect" title="David Loebsack">David Loebsack</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Max_Baucus" title="Max Baucus">Max Baucus</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Chair of the <a href="/wiki/Congressional-Executive_Commission_on_China" title="Congressional-Executive Commission on China">Joint China Commission</a> </b><br />2003–2005 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Hagel" title="Chuck Hagel">Chuck Hagel</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #bebebe;">Government offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Carole_M._Watson" title="Carole M. Watson">Carole M. Watson</a><br />Acting</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Chair_of_the_National_Endowment_for_the_Humanities" title="Chair of the National Endowment for the Humanities">Chair of the National Endowment for the Humanities</a> </b><br />2009–2013 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Carole_M._Watson" title="Carole M. Watson">Carole M. Watson</a><br />Acting</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cfc;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_order_of_precedence" title="United States order of precedence">U.S. order of precedence</a> (ceremonial) </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Archer" title="Bill Archer">Bill Archer</a></div><i><b>as Former US Representative </b></i> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/United_States_order_of_precedence" title="United States order of precedence">Order of precedence of the United States</a><br /><i><span style="font-size:85%;">as Former US Representative</span></i> </b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Howard_Berman" title="Howard Berman">Howard Berman</a></div><i><b>as Former US Representative </b></i> </td></tr> </tbody></table> 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title="Joseph Duffey">Duffey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Bennett" title="William Bennett">Bennett</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/John_Agresto" title="John Agresto">Agresto</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynne_Cheney" title="Lynne Cheney">Cheney</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jerry_L._Martin" title="Jerry L. Martin">Martin</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_Gibson_(NEH_chair)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Donald Gibson (NEH chair) (page does not exist)">Gibson</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheldon_Hackney" title="Sheldon Hackney">Hackney</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Lehman" title="Bruce Lehman">Lehman</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_R._Ferris" title="William R. Ferris">Ferris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Cole" title="Bruce Cole">Cole</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Carole_M._Watson" title="Carole M. Watson">Watson</a></i></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Leach</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Carole_M._Watson" title="Carole M. Watson">Watson</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Drea_Adams" title="William Drea Adams">Adams</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Margaret_Plympton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Margaret Plympton (page does not exist)">Plympton</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Parrish_Peede" title="Jon Parrish Peede">Peede</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adam_Wolfson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adam Wolfson (page does not exist)">Wolfson</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelly_Lowe" title="Shelly Lowe">Lowe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>Italics</i> indicates acting.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chairs_of_the_United_States_House_Committee_on_Financial_Services" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_House_Financial_Services_chairs" title="Template:US House Financial Services chairs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_House_Financial_Services_chairs" title="Template talk:US House Financial Services chairs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_House_Financial_Services_chairs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US House Financial Services chairs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chairs_of_the_United_States_House_Committee_on_Financial_Services" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Financial_Services" title="United States House Committee on Financial Services">Chairs of the United States House Committee on Financial Services</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_M._Pomeroy" title="Theodore M. Pomeroy">Pomeroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_A._Garfield" title="James A. Garfield">Garfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Hooper" title="Samuel Hooper">Hooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horace_Maynard" title="Horace Maynard">Maynard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_S._Cox" title="Samuel S. Cox">Cox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aylett_Hawes_Buckner" class="mw-redirect" title="Aylett Hawes Buckner">Buckner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_W._Crapo" title="William W. Crapo">Crapo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aylett_Hawes_Buckner" class="mw-redirect" title="Aylett Hawes Buckner">Buckner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Gregg_Curtin" title="Andrew Gregg Curtin">Curtin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beriah_Wilkins" title="Beriah Wilkins">Wilkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Emery_Dorsey" class="mw-redirect" title="George Washington Emery Dorsey">Dorsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Bacon_(New_York)" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Bacon (New York)">Bacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_McKendree_Springer" title="William McKendree Springer">Springer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_H._Walker" title="Joseph H. Walker">Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriott_Henry_Brosius" class="mw-redirect" title="Marriott Henry Brosius">Brosius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_N._Fowler" title="Charles N. Fowler">Fowler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_B._Vreeland" title="Edward B. Vreeland">Vreeland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ars%C3%A8ne_Pujo" title="Arsène Pujo">Pujo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carter_Glass" title="Carter Glass">Glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Francis_Phelan" title="Michael Francis Phelan">Phelan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Platt" title="Edmund Platt">Platt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Thomas_McFadden" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis Thomas McFadden">McFadden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_B._Steagall" title="Henry B. Steagall">Steagall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brent_Spence" title="Brent Spence">Spence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_P._Wolcott" title="Jesse P. Wolcott">Wolcott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brent_Spence" title="Brent Spence">Spence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_P._Wolcott" title="Jesse P. Wolcott">Wolcott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brent_Spence" title="Brent Spence">Spence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wright_Patman" title="Wright Patman">Patman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_S._Reuss" title="Henry S. Reuss">Reuss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernand_St._Germain" class="mw-redirect" title="Fernand St. Germain">St. Germain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_B._Gonz%C3%A1lez" title="Henry B. González">González</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Leach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Oxley" title="Mike Oxley">Oxley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barney_Frank" title="Barney Frank">Frank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spencer_Bachus" title="Spencer Bachus">Bachus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeb_Hensarling" title="Jeb Hensarling">Hensarling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxine_Waters" title="Maxine Waters">Waters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_McHenry" title="Patrick McHenry">McHenry</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seal of the United States House of Representatives"><img alt="Seal of the United States House of Representatives" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/75px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/113px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Iowa&#039;s_delegation(s)_to_the_95th–109th_United_States_Congresses_(ordered_by_seniority)" style="display:table;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:USCongRep-start" title="Template:USCongRep-start"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:USCongRep-start" title="Template talk:USCongRep-start"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:USCongRep-start" title="Special:EditPage/Template:USCongRep-start"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Iowa&#039;s_delegation(s)_to_the_95th–109th_United_States_Congresses_(ordered_by_seniority)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Iowa" title="Iowa">Iowa</a>'s delegation(s) to the 95th–109th <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congresses</a> <span class="nowrap">(ordered by seniority)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-width:0;"><div style="padding:0"> <table style="width:100%"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/95th_United_States_Congress" title="95th United States Congress">95th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Iowa" title="List of United States senators from Iowa">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Dick_Clark_(senator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dick Clark (senator)">D. Clark</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Culver" title="John Culver">J. Culver</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Iowa" title="List of United States representatives from Iowa">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Neal_Edward_Smith" class="mw-redirect" title="Neal Edward Smith">N. Smith</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Berkley_Bedell" title="Berkley Bedell">B. Bedell</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Mike_Blouin" title="Mike Blouin">M. Blouin</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Grassley" title="Chuck Grassley">C. Grassley</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Tom_Harkin" title="Tom Harkin">T. Harkin</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">J. Leach</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/96th_United_States_Congress" title="96th United States Congress">96th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Iowa" title="List of United States senators from Iowa">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Culver" title="John Culver">J. Culver</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Roger_Jepsen" title="Roger Jepsen">R. Jepsen</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Iowa" title="List of United States representatives from Iowa">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Neal_Edward_Smith" class="mw-redirect" title="Neal Edward Smith">N. Smith</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Berkley_Bedell" title="Berkley Bedell">B. Bedell</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Grassley" title="Chuck Grassley">C. Grassley</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Tom_Harkin" title="Tom Harkin">T. Harkin</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">J. Leach</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Tom_Tauke" title="Tom Tauke">T. Tauke</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/97th_United_States_Congress" title="97th United States Congress">97th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Iowa" title="List of United States senators from Iowa">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Roger_Jepsen" title="Roger Jepsen">R. Jepsen</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Grassley" title="Chuck Grassley">C. Grassley</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Iowa" title="List of United States representatives from Iowa">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Neal_Edward_Smith" class="mw-redirect" title="Neal Edward Smith">N. Smith</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Berkley_Bedell" title="Berkley Bedell">B. Bedell</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Tom_Harkin" title="Tom Harkin">T. Harkin</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">J. Leach</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Tom_Tauke" title="Tom Tauke">T. Tauke</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/T._Cooper_Evans" title="T. Cooper Evans">T. C. Evans</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/98th_United_States_Congress" title="98th United States Congress">98th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Iowa" title="List of United States senators from Iowa">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Roger_Jepsen" title="Roger Jepsen">R. Jepsen</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Grassley" title="Chuck Grassley">C. Grassley</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Iowa" title="List of United States representatives from Iowa">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Neal_Edward_Smith" class="mw-redirect" title="Neal Edward Smith">N. Smith</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Berkley_Bedell" title="Berkley Bedell">B. Bedell</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Tom_Harkin" title="Tom Harkin">T. Harkin</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">J. Leach</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Tom_Tauke" title="Tom Tauke">T. Tauke</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/T._Cooper_Evans" title="T. Cooper Evans">T. C. Evans</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/99th_United_States_Congress" title="99th United States Congress">99th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Iowa" title="List of United States senators from Iowa">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Grassley" title="Chuck Grassley">C. Grassley</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Tom_Harkin" title="Tom Harkin">T. Harkin</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Iowa" title="List of United States representatives from Iowa">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Neal_Edward_Smith" class="mw-redirect" title="Neal Edward Smith">N. Smith</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Berkley_Bedell" title="Berkley Bedell">B. Bedell</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">J. Leach</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Tom_Tauke" title="Tom Tauke">T. Tauke</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/T._Cooper_Evans" title="T. Cooper Evans">T. C. Evans</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jim_Ross_Lightfoot" title="Jim Ross Lightfoot">J. Lightfoot</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/100th_United_States_Congress" title="100th United States Congress">100th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Iowa" title="List of United States senators from Iowa">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Grassley" title="Chuck Grassley">C. Grassley</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Tom_Harkin" title="Tom Harkin">T. Harkin</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Iowa" title="List of United States representatives from Iowa">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Neal_Edward_Smith" class="mw-redirect" title="Neal Edward Smith">N. Smith</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">J. Leach</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Tom_Tauke" title="Tom Tauke">T. Tauke</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jim_Ross_Lightfoot" title="Jim Ross Lightfoot">J. Lightfoot</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/David_R._Nagle" title="David R. Nagle">D. Nagle</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Fred_Grandy" title="Fred Grandy">F. Grandy</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/101st_United_States_Congress" title="101st United States Congress">101st</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Iowa" title="List of United States senators from Iowa">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Grassley" title="Chuck Grassley">C. Grassley</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Tom_Harkin" title="Tom Harkin">T. Harkin</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Iowa" title="List of United States representatives from Iowa">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Neal_Edward_Smith" class="mw-redirect" title="Neal Edward Smith">N. Smith</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">J. Leach</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Tom_Tauke" title="Tom Tauke">T. Tauke</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jim_Ross_Lightfoot" title="Jim Ross Lightfoot">J. Lightfoot</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/David_R._Nagle" title="David R. Nagle">D. Nagle</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Fred_Grandy" title="Fred Grandy">F. Grandy</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/102nd_United_States_Congress" title="102nd United States Congress">102nd</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Iowa" title="List of United States senators from Iowa">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Grassley" title="Chuck Grassley">C. Grassley</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Tom_Harkin" title="Tom Harkin">T. Harkin</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Iowa" title="List of United States representatives from Iowa">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Neal_Edward_Smith" class="mw-redirect" title="Neal Edward Smith">N. Smith</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">J. Leach</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jim_Ross_Lightfoot" title="Jim Ross Lightfoot">J. Lightfoot</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/David_R._Nagle" title="David R. Nagle">D. Nagle</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Fred_Grandy" title="Fred Grandy">F. Grandy</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jim_Nussle" title="Jim Nussle">J. Nussle</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/103rd_United_States_Congress" title="103rd United States Congress">103rd</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Iowa" title="List of United States senators from Iowa">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Grassley" title="Chuck Grassley">C. Grassley</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Tom_Harkin" title="Tom Harkin">T. Harkin</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Iowa" title="List of United States representatives from Iowa">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Neal_Edward_Smith" class="mw-redirect" title="Neal Edward Smith">N. Smith</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">J. Leach</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jim_Ross_Lightfoot" title="Jim Ross Lightfoot">J. Lightfoot</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Fred_Grandy" title="Fred Grandy">F. Grandy</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jim_Nussle" title="Jim Nussle">J. Nussle</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/104th_United_States_Congress" title="104th United States Congress">104th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Iowa" title="List of United States senators from Iowa">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Grassley" title="Chuck Grassley">C. Grassley</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Tom_Harkin" title="Tom Harkin">T. Harkin</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Iowa" title="List of United States representatives from Iowa">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">J. Leach</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jim_Ross_Lightfoot" title="Jim Ross Lightfoot">J. Lightfoot</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jim_Nussle" title="Jim Nussle">J. Nussle</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Tom_Latham_(politician)" title="Tom Latham (politician)">T. Latham</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Greg_Ganske" title="Greg Ganske">G. Ganske</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/105th_United_States_Congress" title="105th United States Congress">105th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Iowa" title="List of United States senators from Iowa">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Grassley" title="Chuck Grassley">C. Grassley</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Tom_Harkin" title="Tom Harkin">T. Harkin</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Iowa" title="List of United States representatives from Iowa">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">J. Leach</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jim_Nussle" title="Jim Nussle">J. Nussle</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Tom_Latham_(politician)" title="Tom Latham (politician)">T. Latham</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Greg_Ganske" title="Greg Ganske">G. Ganske</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Boswell" title="Leonard Boswell">L. Boswell</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/106th_United_States_Congress" title="106th United States Congress">106th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Iowa" title="List of United States senators from Iowa">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Grassley" title="Chuck Grassley">C. Grassley</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Tom_Harkin" title="Tom Harkin">T. Harkin</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Iowa" title="List of United States representatives from Iowa">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">J. Leach</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jim_Nussle" title="Jim Nussle">J. Nussle</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Tom_Latham_(politician)" title="Tom Latham (politician)">T. Latham</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Greg_Ganske" title="Greg Ganske">G. Ganske</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Boswell" title="Leonard Boswell">L. Boswell</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/107th_United_States_Congress" title="107th United States Congress">107th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Iowa" title="List of United States senators from Iowa">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Grassley" title="Chuck Grassley">C. Grassley</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Tom_Harkin" title="Tom Harkin">T. Harkin</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Iowa" title="List of United States representatives from Iowa">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">J. Leach</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jim_Nussle" title="Jim Nussle">J. Nussle</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Tom_Latham_(politician)" title="Tom Latham (politician)">T. Latham</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Greg_Ganske" title="Greg Ganske">G. Ganske</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Boswell" title="Leonard Boswell">L. Boswell</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/108th_United_States_Congress" title="108th United States Congress">108th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Iowa" title="List of United States senators from Iowa">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Grassley" title="Chuck Grassley">C. Grassley</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Tom_Harkin" title="Tom Harkin">T. Harkin</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Iowa" title="List of United States representatives from Iowa">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">J. Leach</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jim_Nussle" title="Jim Nussle">J. Nussle</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Tom_Latham_(politician)" title="Tom Latham (politician)">T. Latham</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Boswell" title="Leonard Boswell">L. Boswell</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Steve_King" title="Steve King">S. King</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/109th_United_States_Congress" title="109th United States Congress">109th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Iowa" title="List of United States senators from Iowa">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Grassley" title="Chuck Grassley">C. Grassley</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Tom_Harkin" title="Tom Harkin">T. Harkin</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Iowa" title="List of United States representatives from Iowa">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">J. Leach</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jim_Nussle" title="Jim Nussle">J. Nussle</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Tom_Latham_(politician)" title="Tom Latham (politician)">T. Latham</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Boswell" title="Leonard Boswell">L. Boswell</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Steve_King" title="Steve King">S. King</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1689138#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1689138#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1689138#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000082984007">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/110194580">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJwhCXgtQc676PDgMHcF8C">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/171245539">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n88058676">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007322884905171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=L000169">US Congress</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10571892">NARA</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6dv2xqh">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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