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mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:UserLogin&returnto=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6%3ACitation+Style+1" title="रउआँ से खाता मे प्रवेश करे के आगरह बा; हालाँकि, ई जरूरी नइखे [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>खाता में प्रवेश</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="More options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="निजी औजार" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">निजी औजार</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_bh.wikipedia.org&uselang=bh"><span>दान करीं</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:CreateAccount&returnto=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6%3ACitation+Style+1" title="हमनी के सलाह बा की आप खाता बनाईं आ खाता में प्रवेश करीं; हालाँकि, ई जरूरी नइखे"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>खाता बनाईं</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:UserLogin&returnto=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6%3ACitation+Style+1" title="रउआँ से खाता मे प्रवेश करे के आगरह बा; हालाँकि, ई जरूरी नइखे [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>खाता में प्रवेश</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>योगदान</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>बातचीत</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">लुकवाईं</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Beginning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Style" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Style"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Style</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Style-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Templates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Templates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Templates</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Templates-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Templates subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Templates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-General_use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>General use</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Specific_source" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Specific_source"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Specific source</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Specific_source-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-How_the_templates_work" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#How_the_templates_work"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>How the templates work</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-How_the_templates_work-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle How the templates work subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-How_the_templates_work-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Authors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Authors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Authors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Authors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Editors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Editors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Editors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Editors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Translators" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Translators"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Translators</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Translators-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Others" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Others"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Others</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Others-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Dates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Date_compliance_with_Wikipedia's_Manual_of_Style" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Date_compliance_with_Wikipedia's_Manual_of_Style"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5.1</span> <span>Date compliance with Wikipedia's Manual of Style</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Date_compliance_with_Wikipedia's_Manual_of_Style-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Date_range,_multiple_sources_in_same_year" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Date_range,_multiple_sources_in_same_year"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5.2</span> <span>Date range, multiple sources in same year</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Date_range,_multiple_sources_in_same_year-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Auto-formatting_citation_template_dates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Auto-formatting_citation_template_dates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5.3</span> <span>Auto-formatting citation template dates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Auto-formatting_citation_template_dates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Titles_and_chapters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Titles_and_chapters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Titles and chapters</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Titles_and_chapters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Type" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Type"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Type</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Type-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8</span> <span>Language</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Work_and_publisher" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Work_and_publisher"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.9</span> <span>Work and publisher</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Work_and_publisher-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.10</span> <span>Pages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Edition_identifiers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Edition_identifiers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.11</span> <span>Edition identifiers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Edition_identifiers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Online_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Online_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.12.1</span> <span>Online sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Online_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Link_formats" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Link_formats"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.12.2</span> <span>Link formats</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Link_formats-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pages_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pages_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.12.3</span> <span>Pages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pages_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Special_characters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Special_characters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.12.4</span> <span>Special characters</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Special_characters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Access_date" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Access_date"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.12.5</span> <span>Access date</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Access_date-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Icons" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Icons"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.12.6</span> <span>Icons</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Icons-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Web_archives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Web_archives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.13</span> <span>Web archives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Web_archives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Identifiers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Identifiers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.14</span> <span>Identifiers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Identifiers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Registration_or_subscription_required" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Registration_or_subscription_required"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.15</span> <span>Registration or subscription required</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Registration_or_subscription_required-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Access_level_of_url-holding_parameters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Access_level_of_url-holding_parameters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.15.1</span> <span>Access level of url-holding parameters</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Access_level_of_url-holding_parameters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Access_level_of_identifiers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Access_level_of_identifiers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.15.2</span> <span>Access level of identifiers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Access_level_of_identifiers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Old_access_parameters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Old_access_parameters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.15.3</span> <span>Old access parameters</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Old_access_parameters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Quote" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Quote"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.16</span> <span>Quote</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Quote-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anchors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anchors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.17</span> <span>Anchors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anchors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Display_options" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Display_options"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.18</span> <span>Display options</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Display_options-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-et_al." class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#et_al."> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.18.1</span> <span>et al.</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-et_al.-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Printing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Printing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Printing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Printing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Elements_not_included" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elements_not_included"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Elements not included</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Elements_not_included-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Tools</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-TemplateData" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#TemplateData"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>TemplateData</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-TemplateData-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle TemplateData subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-TemplateData-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-User:InternetArchiveBot" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#User:InternetArchiveBot"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>User:InternetArchiveBot</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-User:InternetArchiveBot-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Common_issues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Common_issues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Common issues</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Common_issues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-namespace">मदद</span><span class="mw-page-title-separator">:</span><span class="mw-page-title-main">Citation Style 1</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 24 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-24" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">24 भाषा सभ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC:Citation_Style_1" title="সহায়:Citation Style 1 – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="সহায়:Citation Style 1" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hj%C3%A6lp:CS1" title="Hjælp:CS1 – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Hjælp:CS1" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%BF%CE%AE%CE%B8%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B1:Citation_Style_1" title="Βοήθεια:Citation Style 1 – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βοήθεια:Citation Style 1" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_1" title="Help:Citation Style 1 – अंगरेजी" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Help:Citation Style 1" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="अंगरेजी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7:%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%87_%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AF%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AF_%DB%B1" title="راهنما:شیوه یادکرد ۱ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="راهنما:شیوه یادکرد ۱" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%A6%E0%AA%A6:Citation_Style_1" title="મદદ:Citation Style 1 – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="મદદ:Citation Style 1" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:%E5%87%BA%E5%85%B8%E8%A1%A8%E8%A8%98%E5%BD%A2%E5%BC%8F1" title="Help:出典表記形式1 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Help:出典表記形式1" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82:Citation_Style_1" title="സഹായം:Citation Style 1 – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സഹായം:Citation Style 1" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mos mw-list-item"><a href="https://mos.wikipedia.org/wiki/DATEUNIFY" title="DATEUNIFY – Mossi" lang="mos" hreflang="mos" data-title="DATEUNIFY" data-language-autonym="Moore" data-language-local-name="Mossi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Moore</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantuan:Citation_Style_1" title="Bantuan:Citation Style 1 – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bantuan:Citation Style 1" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hjelp:CS1" title="Hjelp:CS1 – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Hjelp:CS1" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%9A%D9%88%D8%AF:%D8%B3%D8%B1%DA%86%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%88_%D8%AA%DA%AB%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%B1" title="لارښود:سرچينو تګلار۱ – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="لارښود:سرچينو تګلار۱" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_CS1/2" title="Википедия:Шаблоны цитирования CS1/2 – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Википедия:Шаблоны цитирования CS1/2" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%AF:%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88_%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA_1" title="مدد:حوالو صورت 1 – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="مدد:حوالو صورت 1" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%8B%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%94:Citation_Style_1" title="උදවු:Citation Style 1 – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="උදවු:Citation Style 1" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_1" title="Help:Citation Style 1 – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Help:Citation Style 1" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomo%C4%8D:Slog_navajanja_1" title="Pomoč:Slog navajanja 1 – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Pomoč:Slog navajanja 1" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%9B:CS1" title="Помоћ:CS1 – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Помоћ:CS1" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82:Citation_Style_1" title="సహాయం:Citation Style 1 – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="సహాయం:Citation Style 1" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87_1" title="วิธีใช้:แบบอย่างการอ้างอิง 1 – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วิธีใช้:แบบอย่างการอ้างอิง 1" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yard%C4%B1m:Kaynak_Bi%C3%A7emi_1" title="Yardım:Kaynak Biçemi 1 – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yardım:Kaynak Biçemi 1" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B0:Citation_Style_1" title="Довідка:Citation Style 1 – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Довідка:Citation Style 1" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1" title="Help:引文格式1 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="Help:引文格式1" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1" title="Help:引文格式1 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="Help:引文格式1" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q8614496#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="अंतरविकि कड़ी संपादित करीं" class="wbc-editpage">कड़ी संपादित करीं</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="नाँवस्थान"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-help" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Citation_Style_1" title="View the help page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>मदद पन्ना</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">विकिपीडिया से</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="bho" dir="ltr"><table class="plainlinks ombox ombox-notice" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0:Crystal128-configure.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Crystal128-configure.svg/40px-Crystal128-configure.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Crystal128-configure.svg/60px-Crystal128-configure.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Crystal128-configure.svg/79px-Crystal128-configure.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="125" data-file-height="126"/></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text">ई <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%96" class="mw-redirect" title="विकिपीडिया:लेख">लेख</a> एगो <b>हाउ-टु-गाइड</b> (how-to guide) चाहे <b>कइसे-कइल-जाय</b> के बतावे वाला लेख हवे। ई विकिपीडिया के <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:Policies_and_guidelines" class="mw-redirect" title="विकिपीडिया:Policies and guidelines">नीति आ दिशानिर्देश</a> खातिर ना हवे; अगर कौनों नीति आ निर्देश संबंधी मुद्दा होखे त ओह बिसय से संबंधित नीति देखल जाय।</td><td class="mbox-imageright"><div role="note" class="shortcutbox plainlist noprint" style="float: right; border: 1px solid #aaa; background: #fff; margin: 0; padding: 0.3em; text-align: center; line-height: 1.4em; font-weight: bold; font-size: smaller;"><span id="WP:CS1"></span><span id="HELP:CS1"></span><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="विकिपीडिया:शॉर्टकट">शॉर्टकट</a>:<ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:CS1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="विकिपीडिया:CS1 (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">WP:CS1</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:CS1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="मदद:CS1 (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">HELP:CS1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="plainlinks ombox ombox-notice" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Walnut.png/30px-Walnut.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Walnut.png/45px-Walnut.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Walnut.png/60px-Walnut.png 2x" data-file-width="192" data-file-height="192"/></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><b>संछेप में :</b> This is an introductory how-to for Wikipedia's most frequently used citation style. It does not cover every option of every citation template. See individual templates' documentation (e.g. at <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Cite_journal" title="टेम्पलेट:Cite journal">Template:Cite journal</a>) for details beyond this basic cheatsheet.</td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="plainlinks ombox ombox-notice" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0:Gnome-applications-science.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Notice"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Gnome-applications-science.svg/40px-Gnome-applications-science.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Gnome-applications-science.svg/60px-Gnome-applications-science.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Gnome-applications-science.svg/80px-Gnome-applications-science.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48"/></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text" style="text-align: left;">This help page has <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:PrefixIndex/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Citation_Style_1/" title="विशेष:PrefixIndex/मदद:Citation Style 1/">testcases</a> demonstrating various uses.</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Citation Style 1</b> (<b>CS1</b>) is a collection of <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:Citing_sources" title="विकिपीडिया:Citing sources">reference citation</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Template" class="mw-redirect" title="मदद:Template">templates</a> that can be modified to create different styles for different referenced materials. Its purpose is to provide a set of default formats for references on Wikipedia. It includes a series of templates that in turn use <a href="/wiki/Module:Citation/CS1" title="Module:Citation/CS1">Module:Citation/CS1</a>. </p><p>The use of CS1 or of templates is not compulsory; per <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:CITESTYLE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="विकिपीडिया:CITESTYLE (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">WP:CITESTYLE</a>: </p> <blockquote><p>Wikipedia does not have a single <a href="/w/index.php?title=Style_guide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Style guide (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">house style</a>. Editors may choose any option they want; one article need not match what is done in other articles or what is done in professional publications or recommended by academic <a href="/w/index.php?title=Style_guide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Style guide (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">style guides</a>. However, citations <i>within a given article</i> should follow a consistent style.</p></blockquote> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:CITEVAR&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="विकिपीडिया:CITEVAR (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">WP:CITEVAR</a> additionally states: </p> <blockquote class="templatequote"><p>If the article you are editing is already using a particular citation style, you should follow it; if you believe it is inappropriate for the needs of the article, seek consensus for a change on the talk page. </p></blockquote> <p>CS1 uses (in addition to Wikipedia's own <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:Manual_of_Style&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="विकिपीडिया:Manual of Style (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Manual of Style</a>), elements of <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Chicago_Manual_of_Style&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Chicago Manual of Style (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">The Chicago Manual of Style</a></i> and the <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Publication_Manual_of_the_American_Psychological_Association&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association</a></i>, with significant adaptations. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc"/> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Style" data-mw-thread-id="h-Style"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Style"></span>Style<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Style"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Citation_Style_1&action=edit&section=1" title="Style खंड के संपादित करीं"><span>संपादन करीं</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are a number of templates that use a name starting with <i>cite</i>; many were developed independently of CS1 and are not compliant with the CS1 style. There are also a number of templates that use one of the general use templates as a meta-template to cite a specific source. </p><p>To be compliant with CS1, a template must: </p> <ul><li>Use <a href="/wiki/Module:Citation/CS1" title="Module:Citation/CS1">Module:Citation/CS1</a> or one of the templates listed below.</li> <li>Use a period as a punctuation mark to separate fields and end the citation.</li> <li>Use a semicolon as a punctuation mark to separate authors and editors.</li> <li>Format the title of longer works in italics.</li> <li>Format the title of short works such as chapters in quotes.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Templates" data-mw-thread-id="h-Templates"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Templates"></span>Templates<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Templates"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Citation_Style_1&action=edit&section=2" title="Templates खंड के संपादित करीं"><span>संपादन करीं</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General_use" data-mw-thread-id="h-General_use-Templates"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-General_use-Templates"></span>General use<span data-mw-comment-end="h-General_use-Templates"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Citation_Style_1&action=edit&section=3" title="General use खंड के संपादित करीं"><span>संपादन करीं</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following is a list of templates that implement Citation Style 1 for one or more types of citations but are not restricted to any specific source. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="max-width:715px"> <tbody><tr> <td style="background:#9F9;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td>Indicates that the corresponding tool or gadget can generate the template anytime user wishes. However, this does not mean that the tool or gadget fully supports all parameters or provides an interface for them. In fact, none of the mentioned items do so. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FFB;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">Sometimes</td> <td>Indicates that the corresponding tool or gadget may or may not generate the corresponding template. For more information, see associated footnote. </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"> <caption>General use CS1 templates </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Template</th> <th>Use</th> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:The_Wikipedia_Library/Citoid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="विकिपीडिया:The Wikipedia Library/Citoid (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Citoid</a></th> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:Citation_expander&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="विकिपीडिया:Citation expander (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Citation expander</a></th> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:RefToolbar/2.0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="विकिपीडिया:RefToolbar/2.0 (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">RefToolbar 2.0</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:ProveIt" class="mw-redirect" title="विकिपीडिया:ProveIt">ProveIt</a></th> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Odie5533/SnipManager&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="प्रयोगकर्ता:Odie5533/SnipManager (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">SnipManager</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td>{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Cite_arXiv" title="टेम्पलेट:Cite arXiv">Cite arXiv</a>}}</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=ArXiv&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ArXiv (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">arXiv</a> preprints</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Cite_AV_media" title="टेम्पलेट:Cite AV media">Cite AV media</a>}}</td> <td>audio and visual sources</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td style="background:#9F9;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9F9;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td></tr> <tr> <td>{{<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Cite_AV_media_notes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="टेम्पलेट:Cite AV media notes (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Cite AV media notes</a>}}</td> <td>liner notes from albums, DVDs, CDs and similar audio-visual media</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Cite_book" title="टेम्पलेट:Cite book">Cite book</a>}}</td> <td>books</td> <td style="background:#9F9;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9F9;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9F9;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9F9;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9F9;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td></tr> <tr> <td>{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Cite_conference" title="टेम्पलेट:Cite conference">Cite conference</a>}}</td> <td>conference papers</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td style="background:#9F9;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Cite_encyclopedia" title="टेम्पलेट:Cite encyclopedia">Cite encyclopedia</a>}}</td> <td>edited collections</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td style="background:#9F9;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Cite_episode" title="टेम्पलेट:Cite episode">Cite episode</a>}}</td> <td>television or radio programs and episodes</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td style="background:#9F9;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>{{<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Cite_interview&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="टेम्पलेट:Cite interview (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Cite interview</a>}}</td> <td>interviews</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Cite_journal" title="टेम्पलेट:Cite journal">Cite journal</a>}}</td> <td>academic and scientific papers and journals</td> <td style="background:#9F9;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9F9;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9F9;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9F9;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9F9;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td></tr> <tr> <td>{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Cite_magazine" title="टेम्पलेट:Cite magazine">Cite magazine</a>}}</td> <td>magazines and newsletters</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td style="background:#9F9;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>{{<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Cite_mailing_list&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="टेम्पलेट:Cite mailing list (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Cite mailing list</a>}}</td> <td>archived public mailing lists</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Cite_map" title="टेम्पलेट:Cite map">Cite map</a>}}</td> <td>maps</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Cite_news" title="टेम्पलेट:Cite news">Cite news</a>}}</td> <td>news articles in print, video, audio or web</td> <td style="background:#9F9;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#FFB;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">Sometimes<br/><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:Please_clarify&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="विकिपीडिया:Please clarify (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)"><span title="The text near this tag needs further explanation.">further explanation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></td> <td style="background:#9F9;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9F9;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9F9;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td></tr> <tr> <td>{{<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Cite_newsgroup&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="टेम्पलेट:Cite newsgroup (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Cite newsgroup</a>}}</td> <td>online newsgroups</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>{{<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Cite_podcast&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="टेम्पलेट:Cite podcast (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Cite podcast</a>}}</td> <td>audio or video <a href="/w/index.php?title=Podcast&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Podcast (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">podcast</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Cite_press_release" title="टेम्पलेट:Cite press release">Cite press release</a>}}</td> <td>press releases</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td style="background:#9F9;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Cite_report" title="टेम्पलेट:Cite report">Cite report</a>}}</td> <td>unpublished reports by government departments, instrumentalities, operated companies, etc.</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td style="background:#9F9;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Cite_serial" title="टेम्पलेट:Cite serial">Cite serial</a>}}</td> <td>audio or video serials</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>{{<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Cite_sign&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="टेम्पलेट:Cite sign (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Cite sign</a>}}</td> <td>signs, plaques and other visual sources</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td style="background:#9F9;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>{{<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Cite_speech&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="टेम्पलेट:Cite speech (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Cite speech</a>}}</td> <td>speeches</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>{{<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Cite_techreport&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="टेम्पलेट:Cite techreport (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Cite techreport</a>}}</td> <td>technical reports</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Cite_thesis" title="टेम्पलेट:Cite thesis">Cite thesis</a>}}</td> <td>theses</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td style="background:#9F9;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Cite_web" title="टेम्पलेट:Cite web">Cite web</a>}}</td> <td>web sources not characterized by another template</td> <td style="background:#9F9;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9F9;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9F9;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9F9;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9F9;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r750784">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Specific_source" data-mw-thread-id="h-Specific_source-Templates"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Specific_source-Templates"></span>Specific source<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Specific_source-Templates"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Citation_Style_1&action=edit&section=4" title="Specific source खंड के संपादित करीं"><span>संपादन करीं</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are a number of templates that are CS1 compliant, because they use a CS1 template as a base, but are tied to a specific source; these are listed in <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80:Citation_Style_1_specific-source_templates" title="श्रेणी:Citation Style 1 specific-source templates">Category:Citation Style 1 specific-source templates</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="How_the_templates_work" data-mw-thread-id="h-How_the_templates_work"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-How_the_templates_work"></span>How the templates work<span data-mw-comment-end="h-How_the_templates_work"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Citation_Style_1&action=edit&section=5" title="How the templates work खंड के संपादित करीं"><span>संपादन करीं</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>CS1 uses a series of templates that provide a consistent output. The main difference is in parameters optimized for the subject. For example, {{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Cite_book" title="टेम्पलेट:Cite book">cite book</a>}} has fields for title and chapter, whereas {{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Cite_journal" title="टेम्पलेट:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}} has fields for journal and title. </p><p>This help page uses the names most commonly used across the templates series; see each template's documentation for details. </p><p>CS1 templates present a citation generally as: </p> <ul><li>With author:</li></ul> <dl><dd><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r774431">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFAuthorn.d." class="citation journal cs1">Author (n.d.). "Title". <i>Work</i>. Publisher. Identifiers.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Work&rft.atitle=Title&rft.chron=n.d.&rft.au=Author&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbh.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6%3ACitation+Style+1" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Cite_journal" title="टेम्पलेट:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|last=</code> has generic name (<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:CS1_errors#generic_name" class="mw-redirect" title="मदद:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></dd></dl> <ul><li>Without author:</li></ul> <dl><dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r774431"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"Title". <i>Work</i>. Publisher. n.d. Identifiers.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Work&rft.atitle=Title&rft.chron=n.d.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbh.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6%3ACitation+Style+1" class="Z3988"></span></dd></dl> <p>(where "n.d." could also be any other valid date formatted per the MOS) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Authors" data-mw-thread-id="h-Authors-How_the_templates_work"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Authors-How_the_templates_work"></span>Authors<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Authors-How_the_templates_work"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Citation_Style_1&action=edit&section=6" title="Authors खंड के संपादित करीं"><span>संपादन करीं</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An author may be cited using separate parameters for the author's surname and given name by using <code class="nowrap">|last=</code> and <code class="nowrap">|first=</code> respectively. If a cited source has multiple authors, subsequent authors can be listed in the citation using <code class="nowrap">|last2=</code> and <code class="nowrap">|first2=</code>, <code class="nowrap">|last3=</code> and <code class="nowrap">|first3=</code>, etc. as shown in the following example:<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><code>{{cite book |last=Hawking |first=Stephen |last2=Hawking |first2=Lucy |title=George's Secret Key to the Universe}}</code></dd></dl> <dl><dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r774431"><cite id="CITEREFHawkingHawking" class="citation book cs1">Hawking, Stephen; Hawking, Lucy. <i>George's Secret Key to the Universe</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=George%27s+Secret+Key+to+the+Universe&rft.aulast=Hawking&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft.au=Hawking%2C+Lucy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbh.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6%3ACitation+Style+1" class="Z3988"></span></dd></dl> <p>If a cited source has a large number of authors, one can limit the number of authors displayed when the citation is published by using the <code class="nowrap">|display-authors=</code> parameter as described in detail in the <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Display_options">Display options</a> section of this help page. </p><p>If a cited author is notable and the author has a Wikipedia article, the author's name can be linked with <code class="nowrap">|author-link=</code>. If a citation includes multiple notable authors, one may use <code class="nowrap">|author-link2=</code>, <code class="nowrap">|author-link3=</code>, etc. This method is used because <code class="nowrap">|last=</code> and <code class="nowrap">|first=</code> do not allow wikilinking. Please note that <code class="nowrap">|author-link=</code> cannot be used to link to an external website; the external link will not render correctly. Below is an example of a wikilinked author credit: </p> <dl><dd><code>{{cite book |last=Hawking |first=Stephen |author-link=Stephen Hawking |last2=Hawking |first2=Lucy |title=George's Secret Key to the Universe}}</code></dd></dl> <dl><dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r774431"><cite id="CITEREFHawkingHawking" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephen_Hawking&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stephen Hawking (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Hawking, Stephen</a>; Hawking, Lucy. <i>George's Secret Key to the Universe</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=George%27s+Secret+Key+to+the+Universe&rft.aulast=Hawking&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft.au=Hawking%2C+Lucy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbh.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6%3ACitation+Style+1" class="Z3988"></span></dd></dl> <p>When an author is cited, the date of the cited work is displayed after the author's name, as shown in the example below: </p> <dl><dd><code>{{cite book |last=Hawking |first=Stephen |author-link=Stephen Hawking |last2=Hawking |first2=Lucy |title=George's Secret Key to the Universe |year=2007}}</code></dd></dl> <dl><dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r774431"><cite id="CITEREFHawkingHawking2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephen_Hawking&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stephen Hawking (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Hawking, Stephen</a>; Hawking, Lucy (2007). <i>George's Secret Key to the Universe</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=George%27s+Secret+Key+to+the+Universe&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Hawking&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft.au=Hawking%2C+Lucy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbh.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6%3ACitation+Style+1" class="Z3988"></span></dd></dl> <p>If no author is cited, the date appears after the title, as shown in the example below: </p> <dl><dd><code>{{cite book |title=George's Secret Key to the Universe |year=2007}}</code></dd></dl> <dl><dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r774431"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>George's Secret Key to the Universe</i>. 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=George%27s+Secret+Key+to+the+Universe&rft.date=2007&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbh.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6%3ACitation+Style+1" class="Z3988"></span></dd></dl> <p>If the cited source does not credit an author, as is common with newswire reports, press releases or company websites use: </p> <dl><dd><code class="nowrap">|author=</code></dd></dl> <p>This HTML comment alerts fact-checking and citation-fixing editors, and potentially bots, that the cited source did not name an author—the author was not overlooked. Without this entry editors and bots would waste time researching cited sources for a non-existent author credit. </p><p>When using <code class="nowrap">|author=</code> avoid citations like <code>{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Cite_news" title="टेम्पलेट:Cite news">cite news </a>|work=Weekday Times|author=<i>Weekday Times</i> editors|title=...}}</code>, unless the article is on a field in which the majority of professional journals covering that field use such a citation style. </p><p>Editors should use an <code class="nowrap">|author=</code> organizational citation when the cited source, such as a committee report, specifically names an official body or a sub-unit of the publisher as the collective author of the work, e.g. <code class="nowrap">|author=Commission on Headphone Safety</code> or <code class="nowrap">|author=Rules Sub-committee</code>. Do not use <code class="nowrap">|author=</code> to assert what you think was probably the collective author when the source itself does not specifically specify a collective author; doing so is <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:NOR" class="mw-redirect" title="विकिपीडिया:NOR">original research</a> and falsification of <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:V" class="mw-redirect" title="विकिपीडिया:V">source verifiability</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:RS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="विकिपीडिया:RS (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">reliability</a>. </p><p><code class="nowrap">|author=</code> should never hold the name of more than one author. Separate individual authors into enumerated individual <code class="nowrap">|author<i>n</i>=</code> parameters. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Editors" data-mw-thread-id="h-Editors-How_the_templates_work"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Editors-How_the_templates_work"></span>Editors<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Editors-How_the_templates_work"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Citation_Style_1&action=edit&section=7" title="Editors खंड के संपादित करीं"><span>संपादन करीं</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An editor may be cited using separate parameters for the editor's last and first name. A single or first editor would use <code class="nowrap">|editor-last=</code> and <code class="nowrap">|editor-first=</code>; subsequent editors would use <code class="nowrap">|editor2-last=</code> and <code class="nowrap">|editor2-first=</code>, <code class="nowrap">|editor3-last=</code> and <code class="nowrap">|editor3-first=</code>, etc. </p><p>If an editor has a Wikipedia article, you may wikilink to that Wikipedia article using <code class="nowrap">|editor-link=</code>. If a cited work has multiple editors, you may use <code class="nowrap">|editor2-link=</code>, <code class="nowrap">|editor3-link=</code>, etc. to wikilink to each editor's Wikipedia article. This method is used because <code class="nowrap">|editor-last=</code> and <code class="nowrap">|editor-first=</code> do not allow wikilinking. <code class="nowrap">|editor-link=</code> cannot be used to link to an external website. </p><p>If a cited source has a large number of editors, one can limit the number of editors displayed when the citation is published using the <code class="nowrap">|display-editors=</code> parameter as described in detail in the <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Display_options">Display options</a> section of this help page. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Translators" data-mw-thread-id="h-Translators-How_the_templates_work"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Translators-How_the_templates_work"></span>Translators<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Translators-How_the_templates_work"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Citation_Style_1&action=edit&section=8" title="Translators खंड के संपादित करीं"><span>संपादन करीं</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A translator may be cited using separate parameters for the translator's last and first name. A single or first translator would use <code class="nowrap">|translator-last=</code> and <code class="nowrap">|translator-first=</code>; subsequent translators would use <code class="nowrap">|translator2-last=</code> and <code class="nowrap">|translator2-first=</code>, <code class="nowrap">|translator3-last=</code> and <code class="nowrap">|translator3-first=</code>, etc. </p><p>If a translator has a Wikipedia article, you may wikilink to that Wikipedia article using <code class="nowrap">|translator-link=</code>. If a cited work has multiple translators, you may use <code class="nowrap">|translator2-link=</code>, <code class="nowrap">|translator3-link=</code>, etc. to wikilink to each translator's Wikipedia article. This method is used because <code class="nowrap">|translator-last=</code> and <code class="nowrap">|translator-first=</code> do not allow wikilinking. <code class="nowrap">|translator-link=</code> cannot be used to link to an external website. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Others" data-mw-thread-id="h-Others-How_the_templates_work"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Others-How_the_templates_work"></span>Others<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Others-How_the_templates_work"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Citation_Style_1&action=edit&section=9" title="Others खंड के संपादित करीं"><span>संपादन करीं</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>others</b>: This parameter is used to credit contributors other than an author or an editor, such as an illustrator. You should include both the type of contribution and the name of the contributor, for example <code class="nowrap">|others=Illustrated by John Smith</code>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dates" data-mw-thread-id="h-Dates-How_the_templates_work"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Dates-How_the_templates_work"></span>Dates<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Dates-How_the_templates_work"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Citation_Style_1&action=edit&section=10" title="Dates खंड के संपादित करीं"><span>संपादन करीं</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dates are indicated by these parameters: </p> <ul><li><b>date</b>: Full date of publication edition being referenced, in the same format as other dates in citations in the same article. Must not be wikilinked. <ul><li>or: <b>year</b>: Year of publication edition being referenced. Discouraged in favor of <b>date</b>, except in the rare case that <em>all</em> of the following conditions are met: <ol><li>the publication-date format in the template is YYYY-MM-DD</li> <li>the citation requires a <code><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:Citation_templates_and_reference_anchors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="विकिपीडिया:Citation templates and reference anchors (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">CITEREF</a></code> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Sfn#More_than_one_work_in_a_year" title="टेम्पलेट:Sfn">disambiguator</a></li> <li>the template uses <code class="nowrap">|ref=harv</code> or <code class="nowrap">|mode=cs2</code> or the template is <code>{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Citation" title="टेम्पलेट:Citation">citation</a>}}</code></li></ol></li></ul></li> <li><b>orig-year</b>: Original publication year, for display (in square brackets) after the <b>date</b> (or <b>year</b>). For clarity, please supply specifics, for instance <code>orig-year=first published 1859</code> or <code>orig-year=composed 1904</code>. This parameter displays only if there is a value for <b>date</b> (or <b>year</b>).</li></ul> <p>When a source does not have a publication date, use <code class="nowrap">|date=n.d.</code> or <code class="nowrap">|date=nd</code> </p><p>Acceptable date formats are shown in the "Acceptable date formats" table of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manual of Style/Dates and numbers (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Manual of Style/Dates and numbers § Dates, months and years</a>. Further points: </p> <ul><li>Prescriptions about date formats only apply when the date is expressed in terms of Julian or Gregorian dates, or which use one of the seasons (spring, summer, autumn or fall, winter). Sources are at liberty to use other ways of expressing dates, such as "spring/summer" or a date in a religious calendar; editors should report the date as expressed by the source. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:SEASON&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="विकिपीडिया:SEASON (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Although the seasons are not normally capitalized</a>, they are capitalized when used as dates in CS1 templates, and the capitalization of the season stated by the source may be altered to follow this convention. In cases where the date as expressed in the source is not compatible with the template software, the citation should be created without using a template.</li> <li>Do not wikilink.</li> <li>Access and archive dates in references should be in either the format used for , or YYYY-MM-DD.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Date_compliance_with_Wikipedia's_Manual_of_Style" data-mw-thread-id="h-Date_compliance_with_Wikipedia's_Manual_of_Style-Dates"><span id="Date_compliance_with_Wikipedia.27s_Manual_of_Style"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Date_compliance_with_Wikipedia's_Manual_of_Style-Dates"></span>Date compliance with Wikipedia's Manual of Style<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Date_compliance_with_Wikipedia's_Manual_of_Style-Dates"></span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Citation_Style_1&action=edit&section=11" title="Date compliance with Wikipedia's Manual of Style खंड के संपादित करीं"><span>संपादन करीं</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>CS1 uses <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="विकिपीडिया:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers § Dates, months, and years</a> () as the reference for all date format checking performed by <a href="/wiki/Module:Citation/CS1" title="Module:Citation/CS1">Module:Citation/CS1</a>. For various reasons, CS1 is not fully compliant with MOS:DATEFORMAT. This table indicates CS1 compliance with the listed sections of MOS:DATEFORMAT. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"> <caption>CS1 compliance with <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="विकिपीडिया:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>section</th> <th>compliant</th> <th>comment </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="विकिपीडिया:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Acceptable date formats table</a></td> <td>yes</td> <td>Exceptions: linked dates not supported;<br/>sortable dates not supported (<code>{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Dts" class="mw-redirect" title="टेम्पलेट:Dts">dts</a>}}</code> etc.);<br/>proper name dates not supported with the exception of 'Christmas YYYY';<br/>shortened month names longer than three characters or with terminating periods not supported </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="विकिपीडिया:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Unacceptable date formats table</a></td> <td>yes</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="विकिपीडिया:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Consistency</a></td> <td>yes<sup><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="dagger" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/37/Dagger-14-plain.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="14"/></span></span></sup></td> <td rowspan="3">Article-level restrictions are beyond the scope of CS1<br/><sup><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="dagger" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/37/Dagger-14-plain.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="14"/></span></span></sup>CS1/CS2 templates follow the format specified by the article's <code>{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Use_dmy_dates" title="टेम्पलेट:Use dmy dates">use dmy dates</a>}}</code> or <code>{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Use_mdy_dates" title="टेम्पलेट:Use mdy dates">use mdy dates</a>}}</code> templates; see <a href="#Auto-formatting_citation_template_dates">Auto-formatting citation template dates</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="विकिपीडिया:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Strong national ties to a topic</a></td> <td>no </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="विकिपीडिया:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Retaining existing format</a></td> <td>no </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="विकिपीडिया:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Era style</a></td> <td>no</td> <td>Dates earlier than 100 not supported. Wikipedia <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:Citing_sources#Say_where_you_read_it" title="विकिपीडिया:Citing sources">does not</a> treat ancient manuscripts as sources that can be cited directly; a specific, modern, published edition is what goes in the source citation. Thus, the date of the source actually consulted should be provided in <code class="nowrap">|date=</code>, and the date of the ancient source may be provided in <code class="nowrap">|orig-year=</code>; the format of the orig-year value is not checked for errors. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="विकिपीडिया:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Julian and Gregorian calendars</a></td> <td>limited</td> <td>Julian prior to 1582; Gregorian from 1582; assumes Gregorian in the overlap period of 1582 – c. 1923 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="विकिपीडिया:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Ranges</a></td> <td>yes</td> <td>Exceptions: does not support the use of <code>&ndash;</code> or <code>&nbsp;</code><br/>does not support dates prior to 100;<br/>does not support solidus separator (/)<br/>does not support " to " as a date separator<br/>does not support YYYY–YY where the two-digit year is less than 13 (change to YYYY–YYYY to eliminate the error message) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="विकिपीडिया:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Uncertain, incomplete, or approximate dates</a></td> <td>yes</td> <td>Exceptions: does not support <code>{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Circa" title="टेम्पलेट:Circa">circa</a>}}</code> or <code>{{<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Floruit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="टेम्पलेट:Floruit (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">floruit</a>}}</code>;<br/>does not support dates prior to 100;<br/>Supports <code>c. </code> only with a single year value (no ranges or day/month combinations). </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="विकिपीडिया:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Days of the week</a></td> <td>no</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="विकिपीडिया:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Seasons</a></td> <td>limited</td> <td>CS1 capitalizes seasons used as dates in citations, in line with external style guides </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="विकिपीडिया:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Decades</a></td> <td>no</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="विकिपीडिया:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Centuries and millennia</a></td> <td>no</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="विकिपीडिया:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Abbreviations for long periods of time</a></td> <td>no</td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Date_range,_multiple_sources_in_same_year" data-mw-thread-id="h-Date_range,_multiple_sources_in_same_year-Dates"><span id="Date_range.2C_multiple_sources_in_same_year"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Date_range,_multiple_sources_in_same_year-Dates"></span>Date range, multiple sources in same year<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Date_range,_multiple_sources_in_same_year-Dates"></span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Citation_Style_1&action=edit&section=12" title="Date range, multiple sources in same year खंड के संपादित करीं"><span>संपादन करीं</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>If dates are used with <a href="#Anchors">the ref=harv parameter</a>, the year range is 100 to present without era indication (AD, BC, CE, BCE). In the case where the same author has written more than one work in the same year, a lower-case letter may be appended to the year in the date parameter (<span class="example good-example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: #006400;">date = July 4, 1997b</span>) or the year parameter (<span class="example good-example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: #006400;">year = 1997b</span>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Auto-formatting_citation_template_dates" data-mw-thread-id="h-Auto-formatting_citation_template_dates-Dates"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Auto-formatting_citation_template_dates-Dates"></span>Auto-formatting citation template dates<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Auto-formatting_citation_template_dates-Dates"></span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Citation_Style_1&action=edit&section=13" title="Auto-formatting citation template dates खंड के संपादित करीं"><span>संपादन करीं</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Citation Style 1</a> and <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Citation_Style_2" title="मदद:Citation Style 2">2</a> templates automatically render dates (<code class="nowrap">|date=</code>, <code class="nowrap">|access-date=</code>, <code class="nowrap">|archive-date=</code>, etc) in the style specified by the article's <code>{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Use_dmy_dates" title="टेम्पलेट:Use dmy dates">use dmy dates</a>}}</code> or <code>{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Use_mdy_dates" title="टेम्पलेट:Use mdy dates">use mdy dates</a>}}</code> template. Because it is allowed by <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:MOSDATES&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="विकिपीडिया:MOSDATES (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">WP:MOSDATES</a>, the CS1/CS2 templates can automatically format dates in a variety of styles. Editors may choose how CS1/CS2 templates render dates by the use of <code class="nowrap">|cs1-dates=<<var>keyword</var>></code> in the article's <span class="nowrap"><code>{{use xxx dates}}</code></span> template. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>acceptable <code>|cs1-dates=</code> keywords </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>keyword</th> <th>definition </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;"><code>l</code></td> <td rowspan="2">long-form publication and access- / archive-dates;<br/>this is the default case when <code class="nowrap" style="border:none;background-color:inherit;color:inherit;">|cs1-dates=</code> is omitted or empty </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;"><code>ll</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;"><code>ls</code></td> <td>long-form publication dates; abbreviated access- / archive-dates </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;"><code>ly</code></td> <td>long-form publication dates; year-initial numeric access- / archive-dates (ymd) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;"><code>s</code></td> <td rowspan="2">abbreviated publication and access- / archive-dates </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;"><code>ss</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;"><code>sy</code></td> <td>abbreviated publication dates; year-initial numeric access- / archive-dates (ymd) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;"><code>y</code></td> <td rowspan="2">year-initial numeric publication, access- and archive-dates (ymd);<br/>cs1|2 cannot reformat Month YYYY, Season YYYY, date-ranges of any form, or <a href="/w/index.php?title=Julian_calendar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Julian calendar (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Julian calendar</a> dates into ymd format </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;"><code>yy</code> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Example: to have the CS1/CS2 templates in an article render their publication dates in the long form (fully spelled-out month names) with access-/archive-dates rendered in short form (abbreviated month names), write: </p> <dl><dd><code>{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Use_dmy_dates" title="टेम्पलेट:Use dmy dates">use dmy dates</a>|date=नवंबर 2024|cs1-dates=ls}}</code></dd></dl> <p>This documentation page has <code>{{use dmy dates|date=नवंबर 2024|cs1-dates=ls}}</code> at the top of this section so this cs1 template will render with a long-form publication date and an abbreviated access date: </p> <dl><dd><code>{{cite web |title=Example Webpage |url=//example.com |website=Example |date=Oct 31, 2017 |access-date=2017-12-05}}</code> <dl><dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r774431"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//example.com">"Example Webpage"</a>. <i>Example</i>. 31 अक्टूबर 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 5 दिस 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Example&rft.atitle=Example+Webpage&rft.date=2017-10-31&rft_id=%2F%2Fexample.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbh.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6%3ACitation+Style+1" class="Z3988"></span></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>This <code>global</code> setting may be overridden in individual CS1/CS2 templates by use of <code class="nowrap">|df=</code>; abbreviated date forms are not supported by <code class="nowrap">|df=</code>. </p><p><span title="लैटिन-language text"><i lang="la">Nota bene</i></span>: CS1/CS2 auto-date formatting does not apply when previewing an article section that does not contain a <span class="nowrap"><code>{{use xxx dates}}</code></span> template. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Titles_and_chapters" data-mw-thread-id="h-Titles_and_chapters-How_the_templates_work"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Titles_and_chapters-How_the_templates_work"></span>Titles and chapters<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Titles_and_chapters-How_the_templates_work"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Citation_Style_1&action=edit&section=14" title="Titles and chapters खंड के संपादित करीं"><span>संपादन करीं</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>title</b> The title of the cited source. Titles are displayed in italics, except for short works such as a {{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Cite_press_release" title="टेम्पलेट:Cite press release">cite press release</a>}} and cited articles in <code>{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Cite_news" title="टेम्पलेट:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>, <code>{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Cite_journal" title="टेम्पलेट:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>, <code>{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Cite_web" title="टेम्पलेट:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>, <code>{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Cite_conference" title="टेम्पलेट:Cite conference">cite conference</a>}}</code>, and <code>{{<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Cite_podcast&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="टेम्पलेट:Cite podcast (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">cite podcast</a>}}</code>, where the title is shown in quotation marks. Use title case unless the cited source covers a scientific, legal or other technical topic and sentence case is the predominant style in journals on that topic. Use either or sentence case consistently throughout the article. Do not omit a leading "The" from the title. Subtitles are typically separated from titles with ": " though " – " is also used. , Wikipedia <em>does not</em> attempt to emulate any stylistic flourishes used by the cited source's publisher, such as ALL-CAPS, all-lower-case, <span class="smallcaps" style="font-variant:small-caps;">Small Caps</span>, etc.; use either standard title case or sentence case consistently. If the cited source is itself notable and has a Wikipedia article, the title can be wikilinked. Wikilinking the title will make it impossible to use the "url" parameter to link to an external copy of the cited source, so only do this when citing works that do not need to be externally linked. A link to the actual source is preferred to a link to a Wikipedia article about the source.</li> <li><b>script-title</b>: Languages that do not use a Latin-based alphabet, Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, etc., should not be italicized and may also read <a href="/w/index.php?title=Right-to-left&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Right-to-left (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">right-to-left</a> (rtl). To include titles in these languages, use <b>script-title</b>. Titles in <b>script-title</b> are wrapped in special HTML markup to isolate rtl script from adjacent left-to-right text. Part of that special markup is a language attribute that browsers can use to assist in the proper display of the script. Editors may add a prefix to the script that will identify the language. The prefix is an <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_ISO_639-1_codes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of ISO 639-1 codes (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">ISO 639-1</a> two-character language code followed by a colon: <code class="nowrap">|script-title=ar:<bdi>العربية</bdi></code>. Unrecognized codes are ignored and will display in the rendered citation.</li> <li><b>trans-title</b>: If the cited source is in a foreign language, an English translation of the title can be given here. This field will be displayed in square brackets after the title and will be linked to <code class="nowrap">|url=</code> if used.</li> <li><b>chapter</b> The title of the cited chapter from the source, written in full. Displayed in quotes before the title. For websites arranged in sections the "at" parameter serves a similar function: <code class="nowrap">|at=Featured News</code></li> <li><b>script-chapter</b>: Languages that do not use a Latin-based alphabet, Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, etc., may possibly read <a href="/w/index.php?title=Right-to-left&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Right-to-left (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">right-to-left</a> (rtl). To include chapter titles in these languages, use <b>script-chapter</b>. Chapter titles in <b>script-chapter</b> are wrapped in special HTML markup to isolate rtl script from adjacent left-to-right text. Part of that special markup is a language attribute that browsers can use to assist in the proper display of the script. Editors may add a prefix to the script that will identify the language. The prefix is an <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_ISO_639-1_codes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of ISO 639-1 codes (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">ISO 639-1</a> two-character language code followed by a colon: <code class="nowrap">|script-title=ar:<bdi>العربية</bdi></code>. Unrecognized codes are ignored and will display in the rendered citation. This field will be displayed following the transliterated title.</li> <li><b>trans-chapter</b>: If the cited source is in a foreign language, an English translation of the cited chapter title can be given here. This field will be displayed in square brackets within the quotation marks which enclose the chapter field.</li></ul> <p>Titles containing certain characters will both display and link incorrectly unless those characters are replaced or encoded like this: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Character </th> <th>Must be replaced with </th></tr> <tr> <td>newline </td> <td>space </td></tr> <tr> <td>[ </td> <td>&#91; </td></tr> <tr> <td>] </td> <td>&#93; </td></tr> <tr> <td>| </td> <td>&#124; </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Type" data-mw-thread-id="h-Type-How_the_templates_work"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Type-How_the_templates_work"></span>Type<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Type-How_the_templates_work"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Citation_Style_1&action=edit&section=15" title="Type खंड के संपादित करीं"><span>संपादन करीं</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>type</b>: Specifies the type of work cited. Appears in parentheses immediately after the title. Some templates use a default that can be overridden; example: {{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Cite_press_release" title="टेम्पलेट:Cite press release">cite press release</a>}} will show (Press release) by default. Other useful values are Review, Systemic review, Meta-analysis or Original article.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Language" data-mw-thread-id="h-Language-How_the_templates_work"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Language-How_the_templates_work"></span>Language<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Language-How_the_templates_work"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Citation_Style_1&action=edit&section=16" title="Language खंड के संपादित करीं"><span>संपादन करीं</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>language</b>: The language the source is written in, if not English. Displays in parentheses with "in" before the language name. Use the full language name; do not use templates or wikilinks.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Work_and_publisher" data-mw-thread-id="h-Work_and_publisher-How_the_templates_work"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Work_and_publisher-How_the_templates_work"></span>Work and publisher<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Work_and_publisher-How_the_templates_work"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Citation_Style_1&action=edit&section=17" title="Work and publisher खंड के संपादित करीं"><span>संपादन करीं</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">आगे पढ़ीं: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:CITEHOW&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="विकिपीडिया:CITEHOW (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">WP:CITEHOW</a></div> <ul><li><b>work</b>: Used by some templates such as {{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Cite_web" title="टेम्पलेट:Cite web">cite web</a>}} (where it is aliased to <b>website</b>), {{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Cite_news" title="टेम्पलेट:Cite news">cite news</a>}} (aliased to <b>newspaper</b>), {{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Cite_magazine" title="टेम्पलेट:Cite magazine">cite magazine</a>}} (aliased to <b>magazine</b>), {{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Cite_journal" title="टेम्पलेट:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}} (aliased to <b>journal</b>), and others where the citation is usually to a specific item (given in the "title" parameter) found in a larger work (this "work" parameter), most commonly an article in a website or print periodical, or an episode in a TV series. <em>Do not confuse this with the "publisher" parameter</em>, which is for the publishing company. If the work is notable and has an article in Wikipedia, it should be wiki-linked at first appearance in citations in the article. If the "title" is already linked-to externally, do not externally link to the "work". If the work title as given by the site/publication would be exactly or substantially the same as the name of the publisher, do not use the "publisher" parameter (see below for more detail).</li></ul> <dl><dd>On websites, in most cases "work" is the name of the website (as usually given in the logo/banner area of the site, and/or appearing in the <code class="nowrap" style=""><title></code> of the homepage, which may appear as the page title in your browser tab, depending on browser). Do not append ".com" or the like if the site's actual title does not include it (thus <code class="nowrap">|work=[[Salon (magazine)|Salon]]</code>, not <code>Salon.com</code>). If no clear title can be identified, or the title explicitly is the domain name, then use the site's domain name. Do not falsify the work's name by adding descriptive verbiage like "Website of [Publisher]" or "[Publisher]'s Homepage". Capitalize for reading clarity, and omit "www.", e.g. convert "www.veterinaryresourcesuk.com" to "VeterinaryResourcesUK.com".</dd> <dd>Many journals use highly abbreviated titles when citing other journals (e.g. <i>J Am Vet Med</i> for <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Journal_of_the_American_Veterinary_Medical_Association&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association</a></i>) because specialists in the field the journal covers usually already know what these abbreviations mean. Our readers usually do not, so these abbreviations should always be expanded.</dd> <dd>If the titled item being cited is part of some other larger work, as in a book in a series, a special issue of a periodical, or a sub-site at a domain (e.g., you are citing the law school's section of a university's website system), it is usually better to use the name of that more specific work than just that of the entire larger work. Various citation templates provide separate fields for such information, e.g. <code class="nowrap">|chapter=</code><code class="nowrap">|title=</code><code class="nowrap">|volume=</code><code class="nowrap">|series=</code> in <code>{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Cite_book" title="टेम्पलेट:Cite book">Cite book</a>}}</code>. If the nature of the work and its relation to the site, book, or other context in which it is found is complicated or confusing, simply explain the situation after the citation template and before the <code class="nowrap"></ref></code> that closes the citation.</dd></dl> <ul><li><b>publisher</b>: the name of the organization that actually published the source. The field should not include the corporate designation such as "Ltd" or "Inc.", unless some ambiguity would result or the organization is usually known with that designation even in everyday use (e.g. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Apple_Inc.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Apple Inc. (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Apple Inc.</a>, which otherwise might be confused with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Apple_Records&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Apple Records (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Apple Records</a> and other publishers). "Publisher", "Publishing" and "Publications" can be abbreviated "Pubr.", "Pubg." and "Pubs." respectively, but some templates in this series include a period (full-stop) immediately after this parameter, so the period may have to be omitted; check the output if you abbreviate here. They are usually safe to omit, but are usefully included where the publisher's name might be confusing without it. This is most often the case when the publisher's name is something like "Joshua Martin Publications", which without the designation might be mistaken for a co-author/editor. A leading "The" can generally be omitted, again unless confusion might result (e.g., for <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_International_Cat_Association&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The International Cat Association (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">The International Cat Association</a>, "The" is part of their official acronym, TICA). If the publisher is notable and has an article independent of the "work", the "publisher" parameter can include a wiki-link to that article, but should never externally link to the publisher's website. Whether the publisher needs to be included depends to an extent on the type of work and sometimes on its recognizability. <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:Citing_sources" title="विकिपीडिया:Citing sources">WP:Citing sources</a>, and most off-Wikipedia citation guides, suggest that it should be used for books (even famous ones), but not necessarily other works. The "publisher" parameter should not be included for widely-known mainstream news sources, for major academic journals, or where it would be the same or mostly the same as the work. For example, the "publisher" parameter should be omitted in these examples: <dl><dd><code class="nowrap">|work=[[Amazon.com]]</code><code class="nowrap">|publisher=Amazon Inc.</code></dd> <dd><code class="nowrap">|website=[[CNN#Website|CNN]]</code><code class="nowrap">|publisher=[[WarnerMedia]]</code></dd> <dd><code class="nowrap">|website=AZBilliards.com</code><code class="nowrap">|publisher=AZBilliards.com EPPA</code></dd> <dd><code class="nowrap">|newspaper=The Aberdeen Times</code><code class="nowrap">|publisher=The Aberdeen Times</code></dd> <dd><code class="nowrap">|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]</code><code class="nowrap">|publisher=The New York Times Company</code></dd> <dd><code class="nowrap">|newspaper=[[USA Today]]</code><code class="nowrap">|publisher=[[Gannett Company]]</code></dd> <dd><code class="nowrap">|journal=[[Journal of Physics G]]</code><code class="nowrap">|publisher=[[IOP Publishing]]</code></dd></dl></li></ul> <dl><dd>If the work is self-published, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:SELFPUB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="विकिपीडिया:SELFPUB (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">this is a very important fact</a> about <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:RS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="विकिपीडिया:RS (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">potential reliability of the source</a>, and needs to be specified; no consensus exists for the exact value of <code class="nowrap">|publisher=</code> in such a case, but some printed style guides suggest "author", while many Wikipedia editors have used "self-published" for increased clarity. When an exhaustive attempt to discover the name of the publisher (try <a href="/w/index.php?title=Whois&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Whois (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">whois</a> for websites, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=WorldCat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WorldCat (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">WorldCat</a> for books, etc.) fails, use <code class="nowrap">|publisher=</code> to explicitly indicate that this was checked, so other editors do not waste time duplicating your fruitless efforts. Do not guess at the publisher when this information is not clear. See next entry for co-published works and how to specify multiple publishers and their locations.</dd></dl> <ul><li><b>location</b>: Geographical place of publication (<em>not</em> where you found your copy, nor location of material in the source). This is usually <var>City, Country</var>, or <var>City, US State</var>. The city name by itself can be used for world-recognized cities like New York, London (except in articles about <a href="/w/index.php?title=London,_Ontario&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="London, Ontario (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Canadian</a> topics), Paris, Tokyo. Simply having a unique name does not mean it is globally recognizable; e.g., many people do not know where <a href="/wiki/Mumbai" class="mw-redirect" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a> is, especially if they are old enough that it was called <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bombay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bombay (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Bombay</a> for much of their lives. If in doubt, be more not less specific, since "Toronto, Canada" and "San Francisco, California" do not actually hurt anything. Be more specific when a <var>City, Country</var> would be ambiguous, e.g. <code class="nowrap">|location=Hanley, Staffordshire, UK</code>, versus <code class="nowrap">|location=Hanley, Worcestershire, UK</code>. Do not use sub-national postal abbreviations ("DE", "Wilts", etc.), per . The location parameter should be omitted when it is implied by the name of the work, e.g. <i>The Sydney Morning Herald</i>. The location parameter should be used when the location is part of a common appellation of but not the actual title of a periodical. For example, the newspaper sometimes called the <i>New York Daily News</i> is actually <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daily_News_(New_York)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daily News (New York) (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)"><i>Daily News</i></a> and can be entered with <code class="nowrap">|newspaper=Daily News</code> <code class="nowrap">|location=New York</code>, which yields: <i>Daily News</i>. New York. A similar example is <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Times&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Times (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">The Times</a></i> of London (contrast <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>). Per <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:SAYWHEREYOUGOTIT&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="विकिपीडिया:SAYWHEREYOUGOTIT (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">WP:SAYWHEREYOUGOTIT</a>, provide the location of the edition you are using (e.g., if a publisher has operations in both New York and London and you have the London-published edition, use <code class="nowrap">|location=London</code>, even if the publisher's corporate HQ is in New York). If your edition specifically gives multiple locations, this can be indicated with, e.g., <code class="nowrap">|location=New York / London</code>. This same technique can be used for co-published works, e.g.: <code class="nowrap">|location=Oakbrook Terrace, Illinois / Los Angeles</code><code class="nowrap">|publisher=[[Council of Science Editors]] / [[Loyola Marymount University]] Press</code>; just get them in corresponding order in both parameters. The templates do <em>not</em> have separate <code class="nowrap">|location1=</code>, <code class="nowrap">|publisher1=</code>, etc., parameters. For historical publications that are still worth citing and still findable (e.g. via book digitizers – see the "via" parameter below), do not confuse the <em>printer</em> (printing press owner-operator) with the <em>publisher</em> (organization or person that sponsored the work); an edition may have a printer's name in larger type than the publisher, but for citation purposes we care about the publisher. If the distinction cannot be determined for certain in a particular case, list both. While some off-site publishers lean toward omitting publishing locations, they can serve more than purely bibliographical purposes on Wikipedia (e.g. an overabundance of material published in one place in an article about another place may reveal an editorial bias).</li> <li><b>publication-date</b>: Date of publication when different from the date the work was written. Displays only if date or year are defined and only if different, else publication-date is used and displayed as date. Use the same format as other dates in the article; do not wikilink. Follows publisher; if work is not defined, then publication-date is preceded by "published" and enclosed in parenthesis.</li> <li><b>via</b> (optional): Name of the content deliverer (when they are <em>not</em> the publisher). "via" is not a replacement for "publisher", but provides additional detail. It may be used when the content deliverer presents the source in a format other than the original, or when the URL provided does not make clear the identity of the deliverer, or as suggested in <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:The_Wikipedia_Library&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="विकिपीडिया:The Wikipedia Library (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">WP:The Wikipedia Library</a>, e.g. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:Credo_accounts/Citations&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="विकिपीडिया:Credo accounts/Citations (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">WP:Credo accounts/Citations</a>. See also <a href="#Registration_or_subscription_required">§ Registration or subscription required</a>. Typical uses of this parameter are identification of a book-scanning and -databasing project such as those provided by the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Project_Gutenberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Project Gutenberg (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Project Gutenberg</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Google_Books&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Google Books (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Google Books</a>; journal indexing and search services through which we commonly find academic articles, e.g. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PubMed_Central&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PubMed Central (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">PubMed Central</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paperity&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paperity (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Paperity</a>, and <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a>; and other aggregators or indexers of previously-published content, such as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dictionary.com&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dictionary.com (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Dictionary.com</a>. Use via only when a standard identifier cannot be used (see <a href="#Identifiers">§ Identifiers</a>). Example: <code>{{Cite dictionary |entry=skeptic |entry-url= https://www.dictionary.com/browse/skeptic?s=t#collins-section |title=[[Collins English Dictionary]] |edition=Complete & Unabridged Digital |date=2012 |location=London |publisher=[[HarperCollins]] |via=[[Dictionary.com]] |access-date=24 नवंबर 2024}}</code></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pages" data-mw-thread-id="h-Pages-How_the_templates_work"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Pages-How_the_templates_work"></span>Pages<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Pages-How_the_templates_work"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Citation_Style_1&action=edit&section=18" title="Pages खंड के संपादित करीं"><span>संपादन करीं</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="float:right; margin-left:1em"> <caption>CS1/CS2 template support for<br/>|volume=, |issue=, |page(s)= </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>template</th> <th>|volume=</th> <th>|issue=</th> <th>|page(s)= </th></tr> <tr> <td><code>{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Citation" title="टेम्पलेट:Citation">citation</a>}}</code></td> <td style="background:#9F9;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9F9;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9F9;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Cite_arXiv" title="टेम्पलेट:Cite arXiv">cite arXiv</a>}}</code></td> <td style="background:#F99;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#F99;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#9F9;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Cite_AV_media" title="टेम्पलेट:Cite AV media">cite AV media</a>}}</code></td> <td style="background:#9F9;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#F99;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#F99;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>{{<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Cite_AV_media_notes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="टेम्पलेट:Cite AV media notes (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">cite AV media notes</a>}}</code></td> <td style="background:#F99;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#F99;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#9F9;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>{{<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Cite_bioRxiv&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="टेम्पलेट:Cite bioRxiv (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">cite bioRxiv</a>}}</code></td> <td style="background:#F99;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#F99;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#9F9;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Cite_book" title="टेम्पलेट:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code></td> <td style="background:#9F9;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#F99;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#9F9;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>{{<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Cite_citeseerx&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="टेम्पलेट:Cite citeseerx (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">cite citeseerx</a>}}</code></td> <td style="background:#F99;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#F99;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#9F9;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td></tr> <tr> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r756581">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><code>{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Cite_conference" title="टेम्पलेट:Cite conference">cite conference</a>}}</code></li> <li>(as a book)</li></ul> </div> </td> <td style="background:#F99;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#F99;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#9F9;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r756581"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><code>{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Cite_conference" title="टेम्पलेट:Cite conference">cite conference</a>}}</code></li> <li>(as a journal)</li></ul> </div> </td> <td style="background:#9F9;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9F9;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9F9;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Cite_encyclopedia" title="टेम्पलेट:Cite encyclopedia">cite encyclopedia</a>}}</code></td> <td style="background:#9F9;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#F99;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#9F9;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Cite_episode" title="टेम्पलेट:Cite episode">cite episode</a>}}</code></td> <td style="background:#F99;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#9F9;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#F99;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>{{<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Cite_interview&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="टेम्पलेट:Cite interview (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">cite interview</a>}}</code></td> <td style="background:#9F9;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9F9;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9F9;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Cite_journal" title="टेम्पलेट:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code></td> <td style="background:#9F9;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9F9;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9F9;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Cite_magazine" title="टेम्पलेट:Cite magazine">cite magazine</a>}}</code></td> <td style="background:#9F9;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9F9;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9F9;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>{{<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Cite_mailing_list&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="टेम्पलेट:Cite mailing list (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">cite mailing list</a>}}</code></td> <td style="background:#F99;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#F99;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#F99;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r756581"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><code>{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Cite_map" title="टेम्पलेट:Cite map">cite map</a>}}</code></li> <li>(as book)</li></ul> </div> </td> <td style="background:#9F9;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#F99;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#9F9;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r756581"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><code>{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Cite_map" title="टेम्पलेट:Cite map">cite map</a>}}</code></li> <li>(as journal or magazine)</li></ul> </div> </td> <td style="background:#9F9;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9F9;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9F9;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Cite_news" title="टेम्पलेट:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code></td> <td style="background:#9F9;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9F9;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9F9;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>{{<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Cite_newsgroup&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="टेम्पलेट:Cite newsgroup (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">cite newsgroup</a>}}</code></td> <td style="background:#F99;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#F99;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#F99;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>{{<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Cite_podcast&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="टेम्पलेट:Cite podcast (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">cite podcast</a>}}</code></td> <td style="background:#F99;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#F99;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#F99;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Cite_press_release" title="टेम्पलेट:Cite press release">cite press release</a>}}</code></td> <td style="background:#F99;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#F99;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#9F9;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Cite_report" title="टेम्पलेट:Cite report">cite report</a>}}</code></td> <td style="background:#9F9;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#F99;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#9F9;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Cite_serial" title="टेम्पलेट:Cite serial">cite serial</a>}}</code></td> <td style="background:#F99;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#F99;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#F99;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>{{<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Cite_sign&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="टेम्पलेट:Cite sign (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">cite sign</a>}}</code></td> <td style="background:#F99;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#F99;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#F99;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>{{<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Cite_speech&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="टेम्पलेट:Cite speech (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">cite speech</a>}}</code></td> <td style="background:#F99;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#F99;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#F99;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>{{<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Cite_ssrn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="टेम्पलेट:Cite ssrn (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">cite ssrn</a>}}</code></td> <td style="background:#F99;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#F99;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#9F9;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>{{<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Cite_techreport&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="टेम्पलेट:Cite techreport (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">cite techreport</a>}}</code></td> <td style="background:#9F9;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#F99;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#9F9;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Cite_thesis" title="टेम्पलेट:Cite thesis">cite thesis</a>}}</code></td> <td style="background:#9F9;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#F99;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#9F9;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Cite_web" title="टेम्पलेट:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code></td> <td style="background:#F99;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#F99;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#9F9;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>An editor may use any <u>one</u> of the following parameters in a given citation to refer to the specific page(s) or place in a cited source that contains the information that supports the article text. If more than one of the following parameters are used in the same citation, the error message <span style="color:red">Extra <code>|pages=</code> or <code>|at=</code> (</span><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:CS1_errors#extra_pages" class="mw-redirect" title="मदद:CS1 errors">help</a><span style="color:red">)</span> will display in the published citation. When more than one of the following parameters is used in error, <code class="nowrap">|page=</code> overrides both <code class="nowrap">|pages=</code> and <code class="nowrap">|at=</code>; <code class="nowrap">|pages=</code> overrides <code class="nowrap">|at=</code>. To resolve the error, remove extra parameters of this type until only one remains in the affected citation. </p> <ul><li><b>page</b>: page in the cited source containing the information that supports the article text, for example <code class="nowrap">|page=52</code> . <ul><li><span id="pagehyphen"></span><b>Note:</b> For a hyphenated page, use <code class="nowrap">|page=12{{hyphen}}34</code>. This will not only properly display a hyphen, but also reduce the likelihood that an editor/bot will convert this to <code class="nowrap">|pages=12{{endash}}34</code> by mistake.</li></ul></li> <li><b>pages</b>: pages in the cited source containing the information that supports the article text. Separate page ranges with an <a href="/w/index.php?title=En_dash&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="En dash (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">en dash</a>: – , for example <code class="nowrap">|pages=236–239</code> . Separate non-sequential pages with a comma, for example <code class="nowrap">|pages=157,159</code> . The form <code class="nowrap">|pages=461,466–467</code> is used when you are citing both non-contiguous and sequential pages. <ul><li><b>Note:</b> CS1 citations do not record the total number of pages in a cited source; do not use this parameter for that purpose.</li></ul></li> <li><b>at</b>: place in the cited source containing the information that supports the article text when a page number is not given, is inappropriate or is insufficient. Common examples include column or col., paragraph or para. and section or sec. Depending on the source being cited, other indicators may be appropriate to use with the <code class="nowrap">|at=</code> parameter including, but not limited to, track, hours, minutes and seconds, act, scene, canto, book, part, folio, stanza, back cover, liner notes, indicia, colophon, dust jacket, etc. Examples include <code class="nowrap">|at=Column 2</code> or <code class="nowrap">|at=Paragraph 5</code> or <code class="nowrap">|at=Back cover</code> or <code class="nowrap">|at=Act III, Scene 2</code>.</li></ul> <p>If the same source is reused with different pages, separate citations must be created. A way around this problem is to use a short citation <code>{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Sfn" title="टेम्पलेट:Sfn">sfn</a>}}</code>, or <code>{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Rp" title="टेम्पलेट:Rp">rp</a>}}</code> to provide linked page number citations. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Edition_identifiers" data-mw-thread-id="h-Edition_identifiers-How_the_templates_work"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Edition_identifiers-How_the_templates_work"></span>Edition identifiers<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Edition_identifiers-How_the_templates_work"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Citation_Style_1&action=edit&section=19" title="Edition identifiers खंड के संपादित करीं"><span>संपादन करीं</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>edition</b>: Identifies the particular edition of a cited source when the source has more than one edition, such as "2nd", "Revised", etc. Note that this parameter automatically displays " ed." after your entry. For example, <code class="nowrap">|edition=Revised third</code> displays as: Revised third ed. The edition parameter can be omitted if there is no content difference between two editions of the same work; e.g. if a book was identically published in the UK and the US except, for example, ISBN number and cover art, it is not necessary to indicate either "UK" or "US" edition; or if citing minute:seconds of a film available in both a regular edition and a "Special Limited Collector's Edition", if the running time and cut are the same, it is not necessary to cite the particular edition.</li> <li><b>series</b>: When the source is part of a series, such as a book series or a journal where the issue numbering has restarted. For journal series, <code class="nowrap">|series=</code> should be limited to <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">Original/New Series</code>, <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">First/Second/Third/... Series</code>, or similar.<sup id="cite_ref-c17_14.126_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-c17_14.126-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>volume</b>: For a source published in several volumes. This field is displayed in bold after the title and series parameters. An alternative is to include the volume information in the title parameter after the main title.</li> <li><b>issue</b>: When the source is part of a series that is published periodically. Aliases: <b>number</b>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="External_links" data-mw-thread-id="h-External_links-How_the_templates_work"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-External_links-How_the_templates_work"></span>External links<span data-mw-comment-end="h-External_links-How_the_templates_work"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Citation_Style_1&action=edit&section=20" title="External links खंड के संपादित करीं"><span>संपादन करीं</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>url</b>: Adds a link to the title</li> <li><b>chapter-url</b>: Adds a link to the chapter.</li> <li><b>format</b>: Format of the document at its URL (e.g., PDF, xls, etc.) Do not specify for HTML as it is implied as the default. Several <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:External_link_icons&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="मदद:External link icons (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">URI schemes and filename extensions</a> will show an icon— these icons have no alt text and do not meet <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:Manual_of_Style/Accessibility&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="विकिपीडिया:Manual of Style/Accessibility (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">accessibility standards</a>. Do not use this parameter for completely different purposes, with annotations such as "fee required" or "reprint"; its intent is to notify readers what the file format is (e.g. in case some browsers might have trouble with it, or some might prefer to save the link to disk rather than open it in the browser). Access restrictions can be shown using <code class="nowrap">|subscription=</code> or <code class="nowrap">|registration=</code>, see <a href="#Registration_or_subscription_required">Registration or subscription required</a>. Other notes about reprintings, etc., should be placed after the template, and before <code class="nowrap" style=""></ref></code>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Online_sources" data-mw-thread-id="h-Online_sources-External_links"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Online_sources-External_links"></span>Online sources<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Online_sources-External_links"></span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Citation_Style_1&action=edit&section=21" title="Online sources खंड के संपादित करीं"><span>संपादन करीं</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle">मुख्य पन्ना सब: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:External_links&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="विकिपीडिया:External links (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">WP:External links</a> अउर <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:Citing_sources" title="विकिपीडिया:Citing sources">WP:Citing sources</a></div> <p>Links to sources are regarded as conveniences and are not required, except when citing Web-only sources. There are many digital libraries with works that may be used as sources. </p> <ul><li>Links should be to full versions of the source.</li> <li>Online sources that require payment or subscription may be included per the <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:Verifiability" class="mw-redirect" title="विकिपीडिया:Verifiability">verifiability policy</a>.</li></ul> <p>Do not link to: </p> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle">मुख्य पन्ना: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:LINKSTOAVOID&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="विकिपीडिया:LINKSTOAVOID (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">WP:LINKSTOAVOID</a></div> <ul><li>Sites that do not have permission to republish the work or which otherwise violate copyright.</li> <li>Commercial sites such as Amazon, unless no alternative exists.</li> <li>Reviews of the work.</li> <li>Very short extracts such as Google Books snippet view where there is not enough context to verify the content, unless the entire work is also freely available there. (See <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:BOOKLINKS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="विकिपीडिया:BOOKLINKS (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">WP:BOOKLINKS</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Link_formats" data-mw-thread-id="h-Link_formats-External_links"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Link_formats-External_links"></span>Link formats<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Link_formats-External_links"></span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Citation_Style_1&action=edit&section=22" title="Link formats खंड के संपादित करीं"><span>संपादन करीं</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Links should be kept as simple as possible. For example, when performing a search for a Google Book, the link for <i>Monty Python and Philosophy</i> would look like: </p> <dl><dd><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NPDgD546-doC&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=false">https://books.google.com/books?id=NPDgD546-doC&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=false</a></dd></dl> <p>But can be trimmed to: </p> <dl><dd><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://books.google.com/?id=NPDgD546-doC&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=false">https://books.google.com/?id=NPDgD546-doC&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=false</a></dd></dl> <p>or: </p> <dl><dd><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://books.google.com/?id=NPDgD546-doC&printsec=frontcover">https://books.google.com/?id=NPDgD546-doC&printsec=frontcover</a></dd></dl> <p>or: </p> <dl><dd><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://books.google.com/?id=NPDgD546-doC">https://books.google.com/?id=NPDgD546-doC</a> (if Google Books does not provide the cover page).</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pages_2" data-mw-thread-id="h-Pages_2-External_links"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Pages_2-External_links"></span>Pages<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Pages_2-External_links"></span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Citation_Style_1&action=edit&section=23" title="Pages खंड के संपादित करीं"><span>संपादन करीं</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A direct link to a specific page may be used if supported by the host. For example, the link to page 172 of <i>Monty Python and Philosophy</i> on Google Books: </p> <dl><dd><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://books.google.com/?id=NPDgD546-doC&pg=PA172">https://books.google.com/?id=NPDgD546-doC&pg=PA172</a></dd></dl> <p>like so: </p> <dl><dd><code>|page=[https://books.google.com/?id=wPQelKFNA5MC&pg=PA172 172]</code></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Special_characters" data-mw-thread-id="h-Special_characters-External_links"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Special_characters-External_links"></span>Special characters<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Special_characters-External_links"></span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Citation_Style_1&action=edit&section=24" title="Special characters खंड के संपादित करीं"><span>संपादन करीं</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd>URLs must begin with a supported URI scheme. <code>http://</code> and <code>https://</code> will be supported by all browsers; however, <code>ftp://</code>, <code>gopher://</code>, <code>irc://</code>, <code>ircs://</code>, <code>mailto:</code> and <code>news:</code> will require a plug-in or an external application and should normally be avoided. IPv6 host-names are currently not supported.</dd> <dd>If URLs in citation template parameters contain certain characters, then they will not display and link correctly. Those characters need to be percent-encoded. For example, a space must be replaced by <code>%20</code>. To encode the URL, replace the following characters with:</dd></dl> <table class="wikitable" style="margin-left: 5em"> <tbody><tr> <th>sp</th> <th>"</th> <th>'</th> <th><</th> <th>></th> <th>[</th> <th>]</th> <th>{</th> <th>|</th> <th>} </th></tr> <tr> <td>%20</td> <td>%22</td> <td>%27</td> <td>%3c</td> <td>%3e</td> <td>%5b</td> <td>%5d</td> <td>%7b</td> <td>%7c</td> <td>%7d </td></tr></tbody></table> <dl><dd>Single apostrophes do not need to be encoded; however, unencoded multiples will be parsed as italic or bold markup. Single curly closing braces also do not need to be encoded; however, an unencoded pair will be parsed as the double closing braces for the template transclusion.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Access_date" data-mw-thread-id="h-Access_date-External_links"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Access_date-External_links"></span>Access date<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Access_date-External_links"></span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Citation_Style_1&action=edit&section=25" title="Access date खंड के संपादित करीं"><span>संपादन करीं</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>access-date</b>: The full date when the content pointed to by <b>url</b> was last verified to support the text in the article; do not wikilink; requires <b>url</b>; use the same format as other access and archive dates in the citations. It is <i>not required for linked documents that do not change.</i> For example, <b>access-date</b> is not required for links to copies of published research papers accessed via DOI or a published book, but should be used for links to news articles on commercial websites (these can change from time to time, even if they are also published in a physical medium). Note that <b>access-date</b> is the date that the URL was checked to not just be working, but to support the assertion being cited (which the current version of the page may not do). Can be <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Citation_Style_1/accessdate" title="मदद:Citation Style 1/accessdate">hidden or styled</a> by registered editors. Alias: <b>accessdate</b>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Icons" data-mw-thread-id="h-Icons-External_links"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Icons-External_links"></span>Icons<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Icons-External_links"></span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Citation_Style_1&action=edit&section=26" title="Icons खंड के संपादित करीं"><span>संपादन करीं</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle">मुख्य पन्ना: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:External_link_icons&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="मदद:External link icons (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Help:External link icons</a></div> <p>URLs with certain filename extensions or URI schemes will apply an icon specific to that file type. This is done through MediaWiki CSS, not these templates. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Web_archives" data-mw-thread-id="h-Web_archives-How_the_templates_work"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Web_archives-How_the_templates_work"></span>Web archives<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Web_archives-How_the_templates_work"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Citation_Style_1&action=edit&section=27" title="Web archives खंड के संपादित करीं"><span>संपादन करीं</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">आगे पढ़ीं: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:Link_rot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="विकिपीडिया:Link rot (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Wikipedia:Link rot</a></div> <ul><li><b>archive-url</b></li> <li><b>archive-date</b></li></ul> <p>The original link may become unavailable. When an archived version is located, the original URL is retained and <code class="nowrap">|archive-url=</code> is added with a link to an archived copy of a web page, usually from services like WebCite and the Internet Archive. <code class="nowrap">|archive-date=</code> must be added to show the date the page was archived, not the date the link was added. When <code class="nowrap">|archive-url=</code> is used, <code class="nowrap">|url=</code> and <code class="nowrap">|archive-date=</code> are required, else an error will show. When an archived link is used, the citation displays with the title linked to the archive and the original link at the end: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r774431"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130501102912/http://books.google.com/books?id=wPQelKFNA5MC"><i>Monty Python and Philosophy</i></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wPQelKFNA5MC">the original</a> on 1 मई 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Monty+Python+and+Philosophy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwPQelKFNA5MC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbh.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6%3ACitation+Style+1" class="Z3988"></span> </p> <ul><li><b>url-status</b>: To change the order with the title retaining the original link and the archive linked at the end, set <code class="nowrap">|url-status=live</code>:</li></ul> <dl><dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r774431"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wPQelKFNA5MC"><i>Monty Python and Philosophy</i></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130501102912/http://books.google.com/books?id=wPQelKFNA5MC">Archived</a> from the original on 1 मई 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Monty+Python+and+Philosophy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwPQelKFNA5MC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbh.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6%3ACitation+Style+1" class="Z3988"></span></dd></dl> <p>When the original URL has been usurped for the purposes of spam, advertising, or is otherwise unsuitable, setting <code class="nowrap">|url-status=unfit</code> or <code class="nowrap">|url-status=usurped</code> suppresses display of the original URL (but <code class="nowrap">|url=</code> <code class="nowrap">|archive-url=</code> are still required). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Identifiers" data-mw-thread-id="h-Identifiers-How_the_templates_work"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Identifiers-How_the_templates_work"></span>Identifiers<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Identifiers-How_the_templates_work"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Citation_Style_1&action=edit&section=28" title="Identifiers खंड के संपादित करीं"><span>संपादन करीं</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>These identifiers create links and are designed to accept a single value. Using multiple values or other text will break the link and/or invalidate the identifier. In general, the parameters should include only the variable part of the identifier, e.g. <code>rfc=822</code> or <code>pmc=345678</code>. </p> <ul><li><span id="csdoc_arxiv"></span><b>arxiv</b>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=ArXiv&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ArXiv (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">arXiv</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arxiv.org/help/arxiv_identifier">identifier</a>; for example: <code>arxiv=hep-th/9205027</code> (before April 2007) or <code>arxiv=0706.0001</code> or <code>arxiv=1501.00001</code> (since April 2007). Do not include extraneous file extensions like ".pdf" or ".html".</li> <li><span id="csdoc_asin"></span><b>asin</b>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amazon_Standard_Identification_Number&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amazon Standard Identification Number (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Amazon Standard Identification Number</a>; if first character of <b>asin</b> value is a digit, use <b>isbn</b>. <ul><li><span id="csdoc_asin-tld"></span><b>asin-tld</b>: ASIN top-level domain for Amazon sites other than the US; valid values: <code>ca</code>, <code>cn</code>, <code>co.jp</code>, <code>co.uk</code>, <code>de</code>, <code>es</code>, <code>fr</code>, <code>it</code></li></ul></li> <li><span id="csdoc_bibcode"></span><b>bibcode</b>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibcode&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bibcode (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Bibcode</a>; used by a number of astronomical data systems; for example: <code>1974AJ.....79..819H</code></li> <li><span id="csdoc_doi"></span><b>doi</b>: <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">Digital object identifier</a>; for example: <code>10.1038/news070508-7</code>. It is checked to ensure it begins with (<code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">10.</code>). <ul><li><span id="csdoc_doi_brokendate"></span><b>doi-broken-date</b>: Date the DOI was found to be non-working at <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://dx.doi.org">http://dx.doi.org</a>. Use the same format as other dates in the article. Alias: <b>doi_brokendate</b>, <b>doi-inactive-date</b></li></ul></li> <li><span id="csdoc_isbn"></span><b>isbn</b>: <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">International Standard Book Number</a>; for example: <code>978-0-8126-9593-9</code>. (See: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:ISBN&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="विकिपीडिया:ISBN (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Wikipedia:ISBN</a> and <a href="/wiki/ISBN#Overview" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN">ISBN</a>). Dashes in the ISBN are optional, but preferred. Use the ISBN actually printed on or in the book. Use the 13-digit ISBN – beginning with 978 or 979 – when it is available. If only a 10-digit ISBN is printed on or in the book, use it. ISBNs can be found on the page with the publisher's information – usually the back of the title page – or beneath the barcode as a number beginning with 978 or 979 (barcodes beginning with any other numbers are not ISBNs). For sources with the older 9-digit SBN system, prefix the number with a zero; thus, <i>SBN 902888-45-5</i> should be entered as <code class="nowrap">|isbn=0-902888-45-5</code>. Do not convert a 10-digit ISBN to 13-digit by just adding the 978 prefix; the last digit is a calculated check digit and just making changes to the numbers will make the ISBN invalid. This parameter should hold only the ISBN without <i>any</i> additional characters. It is checked for length, invalid characters – anything other than numbers, spaces, and hyphens, with "X" permitted as the last character in a 10-digit ISBN – and the proper check digit. Alias: <b>ISBN</b></li> <li><span id="csdoc_issn"></span><b>issn</b>: <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">International Standard Serial Number</a>; eight characters may be split into two groups of four using a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyphen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hyphen (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">hyphen</a>, but not an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dash&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dash (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">en dash</a> or a space.</li> <li><span id="csdoc_jfm"></span><b>jfm</b>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jahrbuch_%C3%BCber_die_Fortschritte_der_Mathematik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik</a></li> <li><span id="csdoc_jstor"></span><b>jstor</b>: <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a> abstract; for example: <code>jstor=3793107</code> will generate <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/3793107">3793107</a>.</li> <li><span id="csdoc_lccn"></span><b>lccn</b>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Library_of_Congress_Control_Number&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Library of Congress Control Number (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Library of Congress Control Number</a>. When present, alphabetic prefix characters are to be lower case. A certain amount of reformatting may be necessary, such as the use of one or more zeroes instead of a hyphen; for example, if the book shows "Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 89-61500", this would be entered as <code class="nowrap">|lccn=89061500</code>. Help with formatting may be found at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalog.loc.gov/vwebv/ui/en_US/htdocs/help/numbers.html#lccn">LCCN (Library of Congress Control Number)</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lccn.loc.gov/#n9">How does LCCN Permalink normalize LCCNs?</a></li> <li><span id="csdoc_mr"></span><b>mr</b>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mathematical_Reviews&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mathematical Reviews (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Mathematical Reviews</a></li> <li><span id="csdoc_oclc"></span><b>oclc</b>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=OCLC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OCLC (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">OCLC</a></li> <li><span id="csdoc_ol"></span><b>ol</b>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Open_Library&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Open Library (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Open Library</a> identifier; do not include "OL" in the value.</li> <li><span id="csdoc_osti"></span><b>osti</b>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Office_of_Scientific_and_Technical_Information&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Office of Scientific and Technical Information (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Office of Scientific and Technical Information</a></li> <li><span id="csdoc_pmc"></span><b>pmc</b>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=PubMed_Central&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PubMed Central (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">PubMed Central</a>; use article number for full-text free repository of a journal article, e.g. <code>pmc=345678</code>. Do not include "PMC" in the value. See also <code class="nowrap">|pmid=</code> below; these are two different identifiers.</li> <li><span id="csdoc_pmid"></span><b>pmid</b>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=PubMed&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PubMed (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">PubMed</a>; use unique identifier. See also <code class="nowrap">|pmc=</code> above; these are two different identifiers.</li> <li><span id="csdoc_rfc"></span><b>rfc</b>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Request_for_Comments&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Request for Comments (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Request for Comments</a></li> <li><span id="csdoc_ssrn"></span><b>ssrn</b>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_Science_Research_Network&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Social Science Research Network (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Social Science Research Network</a></li> <li><span id="csdoc_zbl"></span><b>zbl</b>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zentralblatt_MATH&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zentralblatt MATH (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Zentralblatt MATH</a></li></ul> <p>A custom identifier can be specified through </p> <ul><li><span id="csdoc_id"></span><b>id</b>: A <a href="/w/index.php?title=Unique_identifier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unique identifier (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">unique identifier</a>, used where none of the specialized identifiers are applicable; wikilink or use a template as applicable.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Registration_or_subscription_required" data-mw-thread-id="h-Registration_or_subscription_required-How_the_templates_work"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Registration_or_subscription_required-How_the_templates_work"></span>Registration or subscription required<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Registration_or_subscription_required-How_the_templates_work"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Citation_Style_1&action=edit&section=29" title="Registration or subscription required खंड के संपादित करीं"><span>संपादन करीं</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r695099">.mw-parser-output .tracked{float:right;clear:right;margin:0 0 1em 1em;width:12em;border:1px solid #72777d;border-radius:2px;background-color:#eaecf0;font-size:85%;text-align:center;padding:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .tracked-url{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .tracked-closure{color:black;font-weight:bold;text-transform:uppercase}.mw-parser-output .tracked-resolved{color:green}</style><div role="note" class="tracked plainlinks mw-trackedTemplate">Tracked in <a href="https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/" class="extiw" title="phabricator:">Phabricator</a><br/><span class="tracked-url"><a href="https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T225430" class="extiw" title="phabricator:T225430"><span class="trakfab-T225430"> Task T225430</span></a></span><br/></div> <p>Citations of online sources that require registration or a subscription are acceptable in Wikipedia as documented in <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:PAYWALL&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="विकिपीडिया:PAYWALL (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Verifiability – Access to sources</a>. As a courtesy to readers and other editors, editors can signal the access restrictions of the external links included in a citation. <span title="लैटिन-language text"><i lang="la">Nota bene</i></span>: access icons do not display correctly for editors who use Modern skin. </p><p>There are four access levels split between the url-holding parameters and the identifier parameters. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Access_level_of_url-holding_parameters" data-mw-thread-id="h-Access_level_of_url-holding_parameters-Registration_or_subscription_required"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Access_level_of_url-holding_parameters-Registration_or_subscription_required"></span>Access level of url-holding parameters<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Access_level_of_url-holding_parameters-Registration_or_subscription_required"></span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Citation_Style_1&action=edit&section=30" title="Access level of url-holding parameters खंड के संपादित करीं"><span>संपादन करीं</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are several url-holding parameters. Each may be marked with a access icon. Links inserted with any of the url-holding parameters are expected to be free-to-read by default, so <code class="nowrap">|url-access=free</code> is not valid. For a URL that is not free-to-read, editors may use the matching access-icon parameter with the appropriate keyword. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>url-holding parameter access icons </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>url parameter</th> <th>access icon parameter</th> <th>supported keywords </th></tr> <tr> <td><code class="nowrap">|url=</code></td> <td><code class="nowrap">|url-access=</code></td> <td rowspan="7"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r756581"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><code>subscription</code> – <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Paid subscription required"><img alt="Paid subscription required" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/14px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/18px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="597" data-file-height="947"/></span></span> – the source is only accessible via a paid subscription</li> <li><code>registration</code> – <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Free registration required"><img alt="Free registration required" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/14px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/18px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813"/></span></span> – a free registration is required to access the source</li> <li><code>limited</code> – <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><img alt="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/14px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/18px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813"/></span></span> – there are other constraints (such as a cap on daily views) to freely access this source</li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code class="nowrap">|article-url=</code></td> <td><code class="nowrap">|article-url-access=</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code class="nowrap">|chapter-url=</code></td> <td><code class="nowrap">|section-url-access=</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code class="nowrap">|contribution-url=</code></td> <td><code class="nowrap">|section-url-access=</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code class="nowrap">|entry-url=</code></td> <td><code class="nowrap">|section-url-access=</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code class="nowrap">|map-url=</code></td> <td><code class="nowrap">|section-url-access=</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code class="nowrap">|section-url=</code></td> <td><code class="nowrap">|section-url-access=</code> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Access_level_of_identifiers" data-mw-thread-id="h-Access_level_of_identifiers-Registration_or_subscription_required"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Access_level_of_identifiers-Registration_or_subscription_required"></span>Access level of identifiers<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Access_level_of_identifiers-Registration_or_subscription_required"></span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Citation_Style_1&action=edit&section=31" title="Access level of identifiers खंड के संपादित करीं"><span>संपादन करीं</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Links inserted by identifiers such as <code class="nowrap">|doi=</code> are not expected to offer a free full text by default. If they do, editors can use <code class="nowrap">|doi-access=free</code> (in the case of <code class="nowrap">|doi=</code>) to indicate the relevant access level. </p><p>Some identifiers always link to free full texts. In this case, the access level is automatically indicated by the template. This is the case for <code class="nowrap">|arxiv=</code>, <code class="nowrap">|biorxiv=</code>, <code class="nowrap">|citeseerx=</code>, <code class="nowrap">|pmc=</code>, <code class="nowrap">|rfc=</code> and <code class="nowrap">|ssrn=</code>. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>identifier parameter access icons </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>url parameter</th> <th>access icon parameter</th> <th>supported keywords </th></tr> <tr> <td><code class="nowrap">|bibcode=</code></td> <td><code class="nowrap">|bibcode-access=</code></td> <td rowspan="6"><code>free</code> – <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Freely accessible"><img alt="Freely accessible" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813"/></span></span> – the source is free to read for anyone (not supported by <code class="nowrap">|url-access=</code>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><code class="nowrap">|doi=</code></td> <td><code class="nowrap">|doi-access=</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code class="nowrap">|hdl=</code></td> <td><code class="nowrap">|hdl-access=</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code class="nowrap">|jstor=</code></td> <td><code class="nowrap">|jstor-access=</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code class="nowrap">|ol=</code></td> <td><code class="nowrap">|ol-access=</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code class="nowrap">|osti=</code></td> <td><code class="nowrap">|osti-access=</code> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Old_access_parameters" data-mw-thread-id="h-Old_access_parameters-Registration_or_subscription_required"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Old_access_parameters-Registration_or_subscription_required"></span>Old access parameters<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Old_access_parameters-Registration_or_subscription_required"></span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Citation_Style_1&action=edit&section=32" title="Old access parameters खंड के संपादित करीं"><span>संपादन करीं</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The parameters <code class="nowrap">|registration=yes</code> and <code class="nowrap">|subscription=yes</code> are no longer supported. They were used to indicate the access level of a citation. They were deprecated because they did not indicate the link to which they applied. Editors should use <code class="nowrap">|url-access=registration</code> or <code class="nowrap">|url-access=subscription</code> instead, when the restriction applies to <code class="nowrap">|url=</code>. If the restriction applies to an identifier, these parameters should be omitted. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Quote" data-mw-thread-id="h-Quote-How_the_templates_work"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Quote-How_the_templates_work"></span>Quote<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Quote-How_the_templates_work"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Citation_Style_1&action=edit&section=33" title="Quote खंड के संपादित करीं"><span>संपादन करीं</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>quote</b>: Relevant text quoted from the source; enclosed in quotes. When supplied, the citation terminator (a period by default) is suppressed, so the quote must include any terminating punctuation.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anchors" data-mw-thread-id="h-Anchors-How_the_templates_work"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Anchors-How_the_templates_work"></span>Anchors<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Anchors-How_the_templates_work"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Citation_Style_1&action=edit&section=34" title="Anchors खंड के संपादित करीं"><span>संपादन करीं</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>ref</b>: Creates an anchor for use with <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:CITESHORT&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="विकिपीडिया:CITESHORT (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Shortened footnotes</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:PAREN&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="विकिपीडिया:PAREN (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">parenthetical referencing</a>. These styles use in-text cites with a link that will jump to an anchor created by the CS1 template. Anchors are not enabled by default. (See {{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Harvard_citation_documentation" title="टेम्पलेट:Harvard citation documentation">Harvard citation documentation</a>}} for details.)</li> <li><b><code class="nowrap">|ref=harv</code></b>: Creates an anchor from up to four author last names and the year, of the format <code>CITEREF<i>lastname(s)year</i></code>, suitable for a <code>{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Harv" class="mw-redirect" title="टेम्पलेट:Harv">harv</a>}}</code>, <code>{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Sfn" title="टेम्पलेट:Sfn">sfn</a>}}</code> etc. Examples:</li></ul> <dl><dd><code>{{cite book |first=Gary L. |last=Hardcastle |title=Monty Python and Philosophy |year=2006 |ref=harv}}</code> <dl><dd>Creates an anchor named <a href="#CITEREFHardcastle2006"><code>CITEREFHardcastle2006</code></a> which may be linked from <code>{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Harv" class="mw-redirect" title="टेम्पलेट:Harv">harv</a>|Hardcastle|2006|pp=12-34}}</code>.</dd></dl></dd> <dd><code>{{cite book |first=Gary L. |last=Hardcastle |first2=George A. |last2=Reisch |title=Monty Python and Philosophy |year=2006 |ref=harv}}</code> <dl><dd>Creates an anchor named <a href="#CITEREFHardcastleReisch2006"><code>CITEREFHardcastleReisch2006</code></a> which may be linked from <code>{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Harv" class="mw-redirect" title="टेम्पलेट:Harv">harv</a>|Hardcastle|Reisch|2006|pp=12-34}}</code>.</dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li><b><code class="nowrap">|ref=<var>ID</var></code></b>: Creates a custom anchor defined by <var>ID</var>. This is useful where the author and/or date is unknown. The <code>{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Harvid" class="mw-redirect" title="टेम्पलेट:Harvid">harvid</a>}}</code> template may be used here to create an anchor suitable for a <code>{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Harv" class="mw-redirect" title="टेम्पलेट:Harv">harv</a>}}</code>, <code>{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Sfn" title="टेम्पलेट:Sfn">sfn</a>}}</code> etc. For example, <code>ref={{harvid|Monty Python and Philosophy|2006}}</code> creates an anchor which may be linked from <code>{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Harv" class="mw-redirect" title="टेम्पलेट:Harv">harv</a>|Monty Python and Philosophy|2006|pp=12-34}}</code>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Display_options" data-mw-thread-id="h-Display_options-How_the_templates_work"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Display_options-How_the_templates_work"></span>Display options<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Display_options-How_the_templates_work"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Citation_Style_1&action=edit&section=35" title="Display options खंड के संपादित करीं"><span>संपादन करीं</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>These features are not often used, but can customize the display for use with other styles. </p> <ul><li><span id="csdoc_display"></span><span id="csdoc_mode"></span><b>mode</b>: Sets element separator, default terminal punctuation, and certain capitalization according to the value provided. For <code class="nowrap">|mode=cs1</code>, element separator is a semicolon (<code>;</code>); terminal punctuation is a period (<code>.</code>); where appropriate, initial letters of certain words are capitalized ('Retrieved...'). For <code class="nowrap">|mode=cs2</code>, element separator is a comma (<code>,</code>); terminal punctuation is omitted; where appropriate, initial letters of certain words are not capitalized ('retrieved...'). To override default terminal punctuation use <b>postscript</b>.</li> <li><span id="csdoc_author-mask"></span><b>author-mask</b>: Replaces the name of the first author with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dash&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dash (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">em dashes</a> or text. Set <b>author-mask</b> to a numeric value <i>n</i> to set the dash <i>n</i> em spaces wide; set <b>author-mask</b> to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, "with". You must still include the values for all authors for metadata purposes. Primarily intended for use with bibliographies or bibliography styles where multiple works by a single author are listed sequentially such as <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Shortened_footnotes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="मदद:Shortened footnotes (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Shortened footnotes</a>. Do not use in a list generated by <code>{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Reflist" title="टेम्पलेट:Reflist">reflist</a>}}</code>, <code class="nowrap" style=""><references /></code> or similar as there is no control of the order in which references are displayed.</li> <li><span id="csdoc_author-name-separator"></span><span class="deprecated-example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: #696969;"><b>author-name-separator</b></span>: (deprecated) <s>Controls the separator between last and first names; defaults to a comma and space (<code>, </code>); if the parameter is present, but blank, separator punctuation is set to the default; a space must be encoded as <code>&#32;</code>.</s> Use <b>name-list-format</b>.</li> <li><span id="csdoc_author-separator"></span><span class="deprecated-example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: #696969;"><b>author-separator</b></span>: (deprecated) <s>Controls the separator between authors; defaults to a semicolon and space (<code>; </code>); if the parameter is present, but blank, separator punctuation is set to the default; a space must be encoded as <code>&#32;</code>.</s> Use <b>name-list-format</b>.</li> <li><span id="csdoc_author-format"></span><span class="deprecated-example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: #696969;"><b>author-format</b></span>: (deprecated) Use <b>name-list-format</b>.</li> <li><span id="csdoc_display-authors"></span><span id="csdoc_displayauthors"></span><b>display-authors</b>: Controls the number of author names that are displayed when a citation is published. To change the displayed number of authors, set <b>display-authors</b> to the desired number. For example, <code class="nowrap">|display-authors=2</code> will display only the first two authors in a citation. By default, all authors are displayed. Aliases: <b>displayauthors</b>.</li> <li><span id="csdoc_display-editors"></span><span id="csdoc_displayeditors"></span><b>display-editors</b>: Controls the number of editor names that are displayed when a citation is published. To change the displayed number of editors, set <b>display-editors</b> to the desired number. For example, <code class="nowrap">|display-editors=2</code> will display only the first two editors in a citation. By default, all editors are displayed except when there are four editors, then the editor list in the citation is truncated to three editors, followed by "et al." This exception mimics the older version of the template for compatibility. If a citation contains four editor names and one wishes all four editor names to display, "et al." may be suppressed by setting <code class="nowrap">|display-editors=4</code>. Aliases: <b>displayeditors</b>.</li> <li><span id="csdoc_lastauthoramp"></span><b>last-author-amp</b>: Switches the separator between the last two names of the author list to space ampersand space (<code> & </code>) when set to any value. Example: <code class="nowrap">|last-author-amp=yes</code></li> <li><span id="csdoc_postscript"></span><b>postscript</b>: Controls the closing punctuation for a citation; defaults to a period (<code>.</code>); for no terminating punctuation, specify <code class="nowrap">|postscript=none</code> – leaving <code class="nowrap">|postscript=</code> empty is the same as omitting it, but is ambiguous. Ignored if <b>quote</b> is defined.</li> <li><span id="csdoc_separator"></span><span class="deprecated-example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: #696969;"><b>separator</b></span>: (deprecated) <s>Controls the punctuation used to separate lists of authors, editors, etc. Defaults to a period (<code>.</code>); if the parameter is present, but blank, separator punctuation is set to the default; a space must be encoded as <code>&#32;</code>.</s> Use <b>mode</b>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="et_al." data-mw-thread-id="h-et_al.-Display_options"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-et_al.-Display_options"></span>et al.<span data-mw-comment-end="h-et_al.-Display_options"></span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Citation_Style_1&action=edit&section=36" title="et al. खंड के संपादित करीं"><span>संपादन करीं</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>et al. is the abbreviation of the Latin <span title="लैटिन-language text"><i lang="la">et alii</i></span> ('and others'). It is used to complete a list of authors of a published work, where the complete list is considered overly long. The abbreviation is widely used in English, thus it is not italicized per . </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Printing" data-mw-thread-id="h-Printing"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Printing"></span>Printing<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Printing"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Citation_Style_1&action=edit&section=37" title="Printing खंड के संपादित करीं"><span>संपादन करीं</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When viewing the page, CS1 templates render the URL to the title to create a link; when printing, the URL is printed. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:External_link_icons&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="मदद:External link icons (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">External link icons</a> are not printed. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Elements_not_included" data-mw-thread-id="h-Elements_not_included"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Elements_not_included"></span>Elements not included<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Elements_not_included"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Citation_Style_1&action=edit&section=38" title="Elements not included खंड के संपादित करीं"><span>संपादन करीं</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Not all factually accurate pieces of information about a source are used in a Citation Style 1 citation. Examples of information not included: </p> <ul><li>The total number of pages in a cited source</li> <li>The name of the library that provided access to an electronic copy of a cited source</li> <li>The name of the library that owns a physical copy of a cited work</li> <li>The library record and/or shelf location of a physical copy of a cited work</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Tools" data-mw-thread-id="h-Tools"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Tools"></span>Tools<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Tools"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Citation_Style_1&action=edit&section=39" title="Tools खंड के संपादित करीं"><span>संपादन करीं</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle">मुख्य पन्ना: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Citation_tools&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="मदद:Citation tools (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Help:Citation tools</a></div> <p>CS1 templates may be inserted manually or by use of tools: </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:TWL/Citoid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="विकिपीडिया:TWL/Citoid (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Citoid</a>, a tool built into <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:Visual_Editor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="विकिपीडिया:Visual Editor (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Visual Editor</a> that attempts to build a full citation based on a URL. See <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:VisualEditor/User_guide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="विकिपीडिया:VisualEditor/User guide (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">user guide</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:RefToolbar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="विकिपीडिया:RefToolbar (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">RefToolbar</a> is part of the editing tool bar. Version 2.0 does not yet support all templates supported by version 1.0.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:ProveIt_GT&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="प्रयोगकर्ता:ProveIt GT (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">ProveIt</a> provides a graphical interface for editing, adding, and citing references. It may be enabled per the documentation.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://reftag.appspot.com/">Wikipedia citation tool for Google Books</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://reftag.appspot.com/doiweb.py">DOI Wikipedia reference generator</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://reftag.appspot.com/nytweb.py">New York Times Wikipedia reference generator</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://tools.wmflabs.org/dispenser/view/Reflinks">Reflinks</a> Adds references to templates while updating/filling-in title/dates/publisher/accessdates etc.</li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://tools.wmflabs.org/refill/">reFill</a> open source version of Reflinks</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zotero&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zotero (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Zotero</a> can export citations in Wikipedia-ready format.</li> <li><a class="external text" href="http://tools.wmflabs.org/citer/">Citer</a> – generates shortened footnote or named reference for a given Google Books URL, ISBN, or DOI. Also supports some major news websites.</li></ul> <p>Error checking: </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Ucucha/HarvErrors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="प्रयोगकर्ता:Ucucha/HarvErrors (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">User:Ucucha/HarvErrors</a> is a script that may be enabled to display errors when using <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:CITESHORT&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="विकिपीडिया:CITESHORT (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Shortened footnotes</a> or <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:PAREN&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="विकिपीडिया:PAREN (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">parenthetical referencing</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="TemplateData" data-mw-thread-id="h-TemplateData"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-TemplateData"></span>TemplateData<span data-mw-comment-end="h-TemplateData"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Citation_Style_1&action=edit&section=40" title="TemplateData खंड के संपादित करीं"><span>संपादन करीं</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This section documents interactions between <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:TemplateData" title="विकिपीडिया:TemplateData">WP:TemplateData</a> and tools which use that data to edit Wikipedia such as <a href="/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="VisualEditor (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">VisualEditor</a> and bots. Before making changes to the TemplateData be aware of these interactions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="User:InternetArchiveBot" data-mw-thread-id="h-User:InternetArchiveBot-TemplateData"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-User:InternetArchiveBot-TemplateData"></span><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:InternetArchiveBot" title="प्रयोगकर्ता:InternetArchiveBot">User:InternetArchiveBot</a><span data-mw-comment-end="h-User:InternetArchiveBot-TemplateData"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Citation_Style_1&action=edit&section=41" title="User:InternetArchiveBot खंड के संपादित करीं"><span>संपादन करीं</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>If an argument is set to "required" the argument will be added to all templates edited by IABot. This including adding empty arguments. For example when <code class="nowrap">|website=</code> is "required" IABot makes the following edit: <a class="external autonumber" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2017%E2%80%9318_British_and_Irish_Cup&diff=prev&oldid=914629379">[1]</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Common_issues" data-mw-thread-id="h-Common_issues"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Common_issues"></span>Common issues<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Common_issues"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Citation_Style_1&action=edit&section=42" title="Common issues खंड के संपादित करीं"><span>संपादन करीं</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="position:relative;top:-3em"><span id="Help:CS1PROBS"></span></div> <div class="shortcutbox plainlist noprint" role="note" style="float:right;border:1px solid #aaa;background:#fff;margin:0em 0em 0em 1em;padding:.3em .6em .2em .6em;text-align:center;font-size:85%;font-weight:bold"><div style="display:inline-block;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;margin-bottom:.2em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="विकिपीडिया:शॉर्टकट">शॉर्टकट</a>: </div><ul></ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:CS1PROBS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="मदद:CS1PROBS (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Help:CS1PROBS</a></li></div> <dl><dt><code class="nowrap">|access-date=</code> does not show.</dt> <dd>If <code class="nowrap">|url=</code> is not supplied, then <code class="nowrap">|access-date=</code> does not show; by design.</dd> <dt>The bare URL shows before the title.</dt> <dd>If the <code class="nowrap">|title=</code> field includes a newline or an invalid character then the link will be malformed; see <a href="#Web_links">Web links</a>.</dd> <dt>The title appears in red.</dt> <dd>If URL is supplied, then the title cannot be wikilinked.</dd> <dt>The URL is not linked and shows in brackets.</dt> <dd>The URL must include the <a href="/w/index.php?title=URI_scheme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="URI scheme (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">URI scheme</a> in order for MediaWiki to recognize it as a link. For example: <code>www.example.org</code> vs. <code><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.example.org">http://www.example.org</a></code>.</dd> <dt>A field is truncated.</dt> <dd>A pipe (<code>|</code>) in the value will truncate it. Use <code>{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:!" title="टेम्पलेट:!">!</a>}}</code> instead.</dd> <dt>The template markup shows.</dt> <dd>Double open brackets [[ are used in a field without closing double brackets ]].</dd> <dt>The author shows in brackets with an external link icon.</dt> <dd>The use of an URL in <code class="nowrap">|author-link=</code> will break the link; this field is for the name of the Wikipedia article about the author, not a website.</dd> <dt>Multiple author or editor names are defined and one or more does not show</dt> <dd>The parameters must be used in sequence, i.e. if <code class="nowrap">|last=</code> or <code class="nowrap">|last1=</code> is not defined, then <code class="nowrap">|last2=</code> will not show. By design.</dd> <dt><code class="nowrap">|page=</code>, <code class="nowrap">|pages=</code> or <code class="nowrap">|at=</code> do not show.</dt> <dd>These parameters are mutually exclusive, and only one will show; by design.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="See_also" data-mw-thread-id="h-See_also"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-See_also"></span>See also<span data-mw-comment-end="h-See_also"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Citation_Style_1&action=edit&section=43" title="See also खंड के संपादित करीं"><span>संपादन करीं</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Citation_Style_2" title="मदद:Citation Style 2">Help:Citation Style 2</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Notes" data-mw-thread-id="h-Notes"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Notes"></span>Notes<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Notes"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Citation_Style_1&action=edit&section=44" title="Notes खंड के संपादित करीं"><span>संपादन करीं</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r750784"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">The number of authors that can be listed in the citation and displayed when published is unlimited.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-c17_14.126-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-c17_14.126_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Some numbered series have gone on so long that, as with certain long-lived journals, numbering has started over again, preceded by n.s. (new series), 2nd ser. (second series), or some similar notation, usually enclosed in commas. (A change of publisher may also be the occasion for a change in series designation.) Books in the old series may be identified by o.s., 1st ser., or whatever complements the notation for the new series."<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <p>For instance the journal <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Physical_Review&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Physical Review (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Physical Review</a></i>, was numbered volumes 1–35 from 1893–1912 (the first series). In 1913–1969, the volume numbering restarted at 1 and went up to 188 (the second series). In 1970, <i>Physical Review</i> split into different parts, <i>Physical Review A</i>, <i>Physical Review B</i>, <i>Physical Review C</i>, and <i>Physical Review D</i>, where volumes again restarted at 1 (the third series). Since there are two publications identified as <i>Physical Review, Volume 1</i> , there is a need to distinguish which is which by use of <code class="nowrap">|series=First Series</code> or <code class="nowrap">|series=Second Series</code>. While <i>Physical Review A</i> is in the third series of the <i>Physical Review</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Media_franchise&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Media franchise (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">media franchise</a>, it is the first series of the publication known as <i>Physical Review A</i>. Since there is no confusion about what <i>Physical Review A, Volume 1</i> could be referring to, there is no need to clarify to which numbering series the journal belong.</p> <p>In particular, note that the <code class="nowrap">|series=</code> parameter is not to be used to distinguish the different parts of a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Media_franchises&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Media franchises (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">media franchises</a>, like <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Physical_Review_A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Physical Review A (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Physical Review A</a></i>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acta_Crystallographica_Section_A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Acta Crystallographica Section A (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Acta Crystallographica Section A</a></i>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Journal_of_the_Royal_Statistical_Society,_Series_B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B</a></i>.</p></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="References" data-mw-thread-id="h-References"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-References"></span>References<span data-mw-comment-end="h-References"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Citation_Style_1&action=edit&section=45" title="References खंड के संपादित करीं"><span>संपादन करीं</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r750784"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r774431"><cite id="CITEREFUniversity_of_Chicago2017" class="citation book cs1">University of Chicago (2017). <i>The Chicago Manual of Style</i> (17th ed.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 14.126. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:BookSources/978-0226104201" title="विशेष:BookSources/978-0226104201"><bdi>978-0226104201</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Chicago+Manual+of+Style&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pages=14.126&rft.edition=17th&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-0226104201&rft.au=University+of+Chicago&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbh.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6%3ACitation+Style+1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Wikipedia_referencing" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-देखीं"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Wikipedia_referencing" title="टेम्पलेट:Wikipedia referencing"><abbr title="ई टेम्पलेट देखीं" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">दे</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-वार्ता"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Wikipedia_referencing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="टेम्पलेट वार्ता:Wikipedia referencing (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)"><abbr title="टेम्पलेट पर चर्चा करीं" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">बा</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-संपादन"><a class="external text" href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Wikipedia_referencing&action=edit"><abbr title="एह टेम्पलेट में संपादन करीं" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">सं</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Wikipedia_referencing" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Wikipedia referencing</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:Biographies_of_living_persons" class="mw-redirect" title="विकिपीडिया:Biographies of living persons">Biographies of living persons</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:Identifying_reliable_sources&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="विकिपीडिया:Identifying reliable sources (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Identifying reliable sources</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:Offline_sources&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="विकिपीडिया:Offline sources (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Offline sources</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Overview_of_referencing_styles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="मदद:Overview of referencing styles (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Overview of referencing styles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:Verifiability" class="mw-redirect" title="विकिपीडिया:Verifiability">Verifiability</a></li></ul> <div style="margin: 1em;" class="resolved"><span style="border: 1px solid #aaa; background-color: #f9fcf9; margin-right: 0.5em; padding: 0.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/20px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/30px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/40px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"/></span></span> wax:</span> <span style="font-size: 85%">temped</span></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:Citing_sources" title="विकिपीडिया:Citing sources">Citing sources</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Citation Style 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Citation_Style_2" title="मदद:Citation Style 2">Citation Style 2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Citation_Style_Vancouver&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="मदद:Citation Style Vancouver (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Citation Style Vancouver</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80:LSA_style_citation_templates&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="श्रेणी:LSA style citation templates (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">LSA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80:Comics_citation_templates&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="श्रेणी:Comics citation templates (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Comics</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:Citation_templates&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="विकिपीडिया:Citation templates (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Citation templates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Reflist" title="टेम्पलेट:Reflist">Reflist template</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:Inline_citation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="विकिपीडिया:Inline citation (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Inline citations</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:Embedded_citations&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="विकिपीडिया:Embedded citations (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Embedded citations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Footnotes" class="mw-redirect" title="मदद:Footnotes">Footnotes</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:Parenthetical_referencing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="विकिपीडिया:Parenthetical referencing (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Parenthetical referencing</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Shortened_footnotes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="मदद:Shortened footnotes (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Shortened footnotes</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:Footnote1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="विकिपीडिया:Footnote1 (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Footnote1</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:Footnote2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="विकिपीडिया:Footnote2 (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Footnote2</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:Footnote3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="विकिपीडिया:Footnote3 (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Footnote3</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:Footnote4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="विकिपीडिया:Footnote4 (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Footnote4</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Referencing_for_beginners&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="मदद:Referencing for beginners (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Help for beginners</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Citations_quick_reference" title="मदद:Citations quick reference">Citations quick reference</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Introduction_to_referencing/1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="मदद:Introduction to referencing/1 (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Introduction to referencing</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Referencing_for_beginners_with_citation_templates&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="मदद:Referencing for beginners with citation templates (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Referencing with citation templates</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Referencing_for_beginners_without_using_templates&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="मदद:Referencing for beginners without using templates (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Referencing without using templates</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:References_dos_and_don%27ts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="विकिपीडिया:References dos and don'ts (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Referencing dos and don'ts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Advanced help</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Cite_link_labels&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="मदद:Cite link labels (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Cite link labels</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Citation_tools&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="मदद:Citation tools (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Citation tools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Cite_errors" title="मदद:Cite errors">Cite errors</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Cite_messages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="मदद:Cite messages (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Cite messages</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Converting_between_references_formats&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="मदद:Converting between references formats (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Converting between references formats</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Reference_display_customization&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="मदद:Reference display customization (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Reference display customization</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:References_and_page_numbers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="मदद:References and page numbers (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">References and page numbers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Help templates</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Edit_refs" title="टेम्पलेट:Edit refs">Edit refs</a>}}</li> <li>{{<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Reflist_newuser&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="टेम्पलेट:Reflist newuser (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Reflist newuser</a>}}</li> <li>{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Refref" title="टेम्पलेट:Refref">Refref</a>}}</li> <li>{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Refref2" title="टेम्पलेट:Refref2">Refref2</a>}}</li> <li>{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Refstart" title="टेम्पलेट:Refstart">Refstart</a>}}</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>Italics</i> indicate <a href="/w/index.php?title=Deprecation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deprecation (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">deprecated</a> or obsolete content.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>exit </p><p>ɜr </p> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Citation_Style_1" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-देखीं"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Citation_Style_1" title="टेम्पलेट:Citation Style 1"><abbr title="ई टेम्पलेट देखीं" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">दे</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-वार्ता"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Citation_Style_1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="टेम्पलेट वार्ता:Citation Style 1 (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)"><abbr title="टेम्पलेट पर चर्चा करीं" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">बा</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-संपादन"><a class="external text" href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Citation_Style_1&action=edit"><abbr title="एह टेम्पलेट में संपादन करीं" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">सं</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Citation_Style_1" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Citation Style 1</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">जनरल <br/>टेम्पलेट</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <dl><dt>{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Cite_arXiv" title="टेम्पलेट:Cite arXiv">Cite arXiv</a>}}</dt> <dd>arXiv preprint</dd> <dt>{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Cite_AV_media" title="टेम्पलेट:Cite AV media">Cite AV media</a>}}</dt> <dd>audio and visual</dd> <dt>{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Cite_book" title="टेम्पलेट:Cite book">Cite book</a>}}</dt> <dd>books</dd> <dt>{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Cite_conference" title="टेम्पलेट:Cite conference">Cite conference</a>}}</dt> <dd>conference papers</dd> <dt>{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Cite_encyclopedia" title="टेम्पलेट:Cite encyclopedia">Cite encyclopedia</a>}}</dt> <dd>edited collections</dd> <dt>{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Cite_episode" title="टेम्पलेट:Cite episode">Cite episode</a>}}</dt> <dd>radio or television episodes</dd> <dt>{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Cite_journal" title="टेम्पलेट:Cite journal">Cite journal</a>}}</dt> <dd>magazines, journals, academic papers</dd> <dt>{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Cite_map" title="टेम्पलेट:Cite map">Cite map</a>}}</dt> <dd>maps</dd> <dt>{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Cite_news" title="टेम्पलेट:Cite news">Cite news</a>}}</dt> <dd>news articles</dd> <dt>{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Cite_press_release" title="टेम्पलेट:Cite press release">Cite press release</a>}}</dt> <dd>press releases</dd> <dt>{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Cite_thesis" title="टेम्पलेट:Cite thesis">Cite thesis</a>}}</dt> <dd>theses</dd> <dt>{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Cite_web" title="टेम्पलेट:Cite web">Cite web</a>}}</dt> <dd>web sources</dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Identifier-based <br/>templates</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <dl><dt>{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Cite_jstor" title="टेम्पलेट:Cite jstor">Cite jstor</a>}}</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/JSTOR" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a></dd> <dt>All of these are deprecated</dt></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">श्रेणी</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80:Citation_Style_1_templates" title="श्रेणी:Citation Style 1 templates">Citation Style 1 टेम्पलेट</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">बिबरनलेख</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Citation_Style_documentation" title="टेम्पलेट:Citation Style documentation">Citation Style documentation</a>}}</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Wikipedia_help_pages" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-देखीं"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Wikipedia_help_pages" title="टेम्पलेट:Wikipedia help pages"><abbr title="ई टेम्पलेट देखीं" style="text-align:center;;;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">दे</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-वार्ता"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Wikipedia_help_pages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="टेम्पलेट वार्ता:Wikipedia help pages (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)"><abbr title="टेम्पलेट पर चर्चा करीं" style="text-align:center;;;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">बा</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-संपादन"><a class="external text" href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Wikipedia_help_pages&action=edit"><abbr title="एह टेम्पलेट में संपादन करीं" style="text-align:center;;;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">सं</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Wikipedia_help_pages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Directory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="मदद:Directory (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Wikipedia help pages</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><div id="*Visit_the_Teahouse_if_you_are_a_new_editor_looking_for_interactive_help,_or_the_Help_desk_for_an_interactive_Q_&amp;_A_forum._----_*_Noticeboards_(?)_*_FAQs_(?)_*_Reference_desks_(?)_*_The_Missing_Manual_(?)_*_Directories_(?)"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><b>Visit the <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:Teahouse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="विकिपीडिया:Teahouse (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Teahouse</a></i> if you are a new editor looking for interactive help, or the <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:Help_desk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="विकिपीडिया:Help desk (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Help desk</a></i> for an interactive <abbr title="questions and answers">Q & A</abbr> forum.</b><br/></li></ul> <hr/> <ul><li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:Noticeboards&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="विकिपीडिया:Noticeboards (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Noticeboards</a></b> <abbr title="Noticeboards on Wikipedia are pages where editors can ask questions and request assistance from people who are familiar with the policies and guidelines covered by each individual board.">(?)</abbr></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:FAQ" class="mw-redirect" title="विकिपीडिया:FAQ">FAQs</a></b> <abbr title="This is a list of frequently asked questions about using and contributing to Wikipedia.">(?)</abbr></li> <li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:Reference_desk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="विकिपीडिया:Reference desk (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Reference desks</a></b> <abbr title="Works like a library reference desk. Ask a question here and Wikipedia volunteers will try to answer it.">(?)</abbr></li> <li><i><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Wikipedia:_The_Missing_Manual&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="मदद:Wikipedia: The Missing Manual (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">The Missing Manual</a></b></i> <abbr title="A how-to guide that explains the process of contributing to the English Wikipedia, both for novice users and experienced editors.">(?)</abbr></li> <li><i><b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:Directory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="विकिपीडिया:Directory (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Directories</a></b></i> <abbr title="For a list of Wikipedia's directories and indexes.">(?)</abbr></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:About" class="mw-redirect" title="विकिपीडिया:About">About Wikipedia</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:Five_pillars" class="mw-redirect" title="विकिपीडिया:Five pillars">Principles</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:Wikipedia_in_brief&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="विकिपीडिया:Wikipedia in brief (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Wikipedia in brief</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:Policies_and_guidelines" class="mw-redirect" title="विकिपीडिया:Policies and guidelines">Policies and guidelines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:What_Wikipedia_is_not" class="mw-redirect" title="विकिपीडिया:What Wikipedia is not">What Wikipedia is not</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:General_disclaimer" class="mw-redirect" title="विकिपीडिया:General disclaimer">Disclaimer</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:Advice_for_parents&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="विकिपीडिया:Advice for parents (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">parental advice</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:Requests&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="विकिपीडिया:Requests (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Making requests</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:Questions&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="विकिपीडिया:Questions (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">where to ask questions</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:Contact_us&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="विकिपीडिया:Contact us (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">contact Wikipedia directly</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:Who_writes_Wikipedia%3F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="विकिपीडिया:Who writes Wikipedia? (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Who writes Wikipedia?</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:Why_create_an_account%3F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="विकिपीडिया:Why create an account? (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Why create an account?</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:Reader%27s_index_to_Wikipedia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="विकिपीडिया:Reader's index to Wikipedia (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Help for readers</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:FAQ/Readers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="विकिपीडिया:FAQ/Readers (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">FAQ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Books&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="मदद:Books (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Books</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Copyright&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="मदद:Copyright (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Copyright</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Glossary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="मदद:Glossary (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Mobile_access&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="मदद:Mobile access (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Mobile access</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Navigation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="मदद:Navigation (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Navigation</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Other_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="मदद:Other languages (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Other languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Searching" title="मदद:Searching">Searching</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Student_help&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="मदद:Student help (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Students</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Viewing_media&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="मदद:Viewing media (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Viewing media</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:Contributing_to_Wikipedia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="विकिपीडिया:Contributing to Wikipedia (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Contributing<br/>to Wikipedia</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:Plain_and_simple&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="विकिपीडिया:Plain and simple (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">A plain and simple overview</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:A_primer_for_newcomers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="विकिपीडिया:A primer for newcomers (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">A primer for newcomers</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:Ask_for_help&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="विकिपीडिया:Ask for help (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Asking for help</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:Guidance_for_younger_editors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="विकिपीडिया:Guidance for younger editors (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Advice for young editors</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:Avoiding_common_mistakes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="विकिपीडिया:Avoiding common mistakes (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Avoiding common mistakes</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:Etiquette&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="विकिपीडिया:Etiquette (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Etiquette</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:Expectations_and_norms_of_the_Wikipedia_community&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="विकिपीडिया:Expectations and norms of the Wikipedia community (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">community expectations</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:Learning_the_ropes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="विकिपीडिया:Learning the ropes (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Learning the ropes</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:Instructional_material&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="विकिपीडिया:Instructional material (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Instructional material</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:Simplified_Manual_of_Style&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="विकिपीडिया:Simplified Manual of Style (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Simplified Manual of Style</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:Simplified_ruleset&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="विकिपीडिया:Simplified ruleset (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Simplified rule-set</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:Ignore_all_rules&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="विकिपीडिया:Ignore all rules (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">"Ignore all rules"</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:The_rules_are_principles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="विकिपीडिया:The rules are principles (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">"The rules are principles"</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:Styletips&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="विकिपीडिया:Styletips (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Style-tips</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:Tip_of_the_day&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="विकिपीडिया:Tip of the day (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Tip of the day</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:Job_Center&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="विकिपीडिया:Job Center (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Job Center</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:Your_first_article&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="विकिपीडिया:Your first article (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Your first article</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:Article_wizard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="विकिपीडिया:Article wizard (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">article wizard</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:Vandalism" title="विकिपीडिया:Vandalism">Vandalism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Getting_started&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="मदद:Getting started (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Getting started</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:Introduction" class="mw-redirect" title="विकिपीडिया:Introduction">Wikipedia intro</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:Tutorial&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="विकिपीडिया:Tutorial (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Wikipedia tutorial</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:The_Wikipedia_Adventure&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="विकिपीडिया:The Wikipedia Adventure (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">The Wikipedia Adventure</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:Training/Newcomers/Welcome&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="विकिपीडिया:Training/Newcomers/Welcome (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Newcomers' training</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:New_contributors%27_help_page&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="विकिपीडिया:New contributors' help page (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">New contributors' help page</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Introduction_to_the_Manual_of_Style&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="मदद:Introduction to the Manual of Style (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Manual of Style intro</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:Graphics_tutorials&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="विकिपीडिया:Graphics tutorials (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Graphics tutorials</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:Picture_tutorial&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="विकिपीडिया:Picture tutorial (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Picture tutorial</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Introduction_to_uploading_images/1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="मदद:Introduction to uploading images/1 (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Uploading intro</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:IRC/Tutorial&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="विकिपीडिया:IRC/Tutorial (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">IRC <small style="font-size:90%;">(live chat)</small> tutorial</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Introduction_to_navigating_Wikipedia/1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="मदद:Introduction to navigating Wikipedia/1 (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Navigating intro</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Introduction_to_policies_and_guidelines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="मदद:Introduction to policies and guidelines (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Policies intro</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Introduction_to_referencing/1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="मदद:Introduction to referencing/1 (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Referencing intro</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Table/Introduction_to_tables&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="मदद:Table/Introduction to tables (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Tables intro</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Introduction_to_talk_pages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="मदद:Introduction to talk pages (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Talk pages intro</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:VisualEditor/User_guide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="विकिपीडिया:VisualEditor/User guide (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">VisualEditor user guide</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80:Wikipedia_how-to" title="श्रेणी:Wikipedia how-to">How-to pages</a> and<br/><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80:Wikipedia_information_pages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="श्रेणी:Wikipedia information pages (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">information pages</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:Guide_to_appealing_blocks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="विकिपीडिया:Guide to appealing blocks (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Appealing blocks</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:Guide_to_deletion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="विकिपीडिया:Guide to deletion (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Article deletion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Category" class="mw-redirect" title="मदद:Category">Categories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Citations_quick_reference" title="मदद:Citations quick reference">Citations / references</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Referencing_for_beginners&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="मदद:Referencing for beginners (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Referencing for beginners</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Citation Style 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Cite_errors" title="मदद:Cite errors">Cite errors</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:References_and_page_numbers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="मदद:References and page numbers (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">References and page numbers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Diff&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="मदद:Diff (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Diff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Editing" class="mw-redirect" title="मदद:Editing">Editing</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Edit_toolbar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="मदद:Edit toolbar (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">toolbar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Edit_conflict&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="मदद:Edit conflict (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">edit conflict</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Email_confirmation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="मदद:Email confirmation (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Email confirmation</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Find_sources&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="मदद:Find sources (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Find sources</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Files&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="मदद:Files (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Files</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Footnotes" class="mw-redirect" title="मदद:Footnotes">Footnotes</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:Guide_to_image_deletion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="विकिपीडिया:Guide to image deletion (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Image deletion</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Infobox&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="मदद:Infobox (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Infoboxes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Link" title="मदद:Link">Linking</a> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Link_color" title="मदद:Link color">link color</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Logging_in&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="मदद:Logging in (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Logging in</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Merging&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="मदद:Merging (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Merging</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Namespaces&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="मदद:Namespaces (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Namespaces</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Page_name&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="मदद:Page name (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Page name</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Redirect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="मदद:Redirect (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Redirect</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:How_to_move_a_page&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="मदद:How to move a page (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Renaming pages</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Reset_password&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="मदद:Reset password (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Passwords</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Reverting&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="मदद:Reverting (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Reverting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Using_talk_pages" class="mw-redirect" title="मदद:Using talk pages">Talk pages</a> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Archiving_a_talk_page" class="mw-redirect" title="मदद:Archiving a talk page">archiving</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:URL&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="मदद:URL (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">URL</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:User_contributions&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="मदद:User contributions (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">User contributions</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:UPDC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="विकिपीडिया:UPDC (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">User page design center</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wiki_markup&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wiki markup (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Coding wiki markup</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Wiki_markup" class="mw-redirect" title="मदद:Wiki markup">Wiki markup</a> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Cheatsheet" title="मदद:Cheatsheet">cheatsheet</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Barchart&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="मदद:Barchart (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Barcharts</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Calculation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="मदद:Calculation (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Calculations</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Special_characters&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="मदद:Special characters (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Characters</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:Citation_templates&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="विकिपीडिया:Citation templates (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Citation templates</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Columns&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="मदद:Columns (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Columns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:HTML_in_wikitext" title="मदद:HTML in wikitext">HTML</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:List&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="मदद:List (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Lists</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Magic_words&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="मदद:Magic words (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Magic words</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Magic_words_for_beginners&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="मदद:Magic words for beginners (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">introduction</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Musical_symbols&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="मदद:Musical symbols (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Music symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Section&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="मदद:Section (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Sections</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Sound_file_markup&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="मदद:Sound file markup (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Sounds</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Table&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="मदद:Table (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">Tables</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Table/Introduction_to_tables&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="मदद:Table/Introduction to tables (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">introduction</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Template" class="mw-redirect" title="मदद:Template">Templates</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:Template_documentation" class="mw-redirect" title="विकिपीडिया:Template documentation">documentation</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:Template_messages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="विकिपीडिया:Template messages (पन्ना मौजूद नइखे)">messages</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:Transclusion" class="mw-redirect" title="विकिपीडिया:Transclusion">Transclusion</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:Visual_file_markup&action=edit&redlink=1" 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