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<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-P63WKM1TM1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-P63WKM1TM1'); </script>  <script type="text/javascript" > (function(m,e,t,r,i,k,a){m[i]=m[i]||function(){(m[i].a=m[i].a||[]).push(arguments)}; m[i].l=1*new Date(); for (var j = 0; j < document.scripts.length; j++) {if (document.scripts[j].src === r) { return; }} k=e.createElement(t),a=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],k.async=1,k.src=r,a.parentNode.insertBefore(k,a)}) (window, document, "script", "https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/tag.js", "ym"); ym(55165297, "init", { clickmap:false, trackLinks:true, accurateTrackBounce:true, webvisor:false }); </script> <noscript><div><img src="https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/55165297" style="position:absolute; left:-9999px;" alt="" /></div></noscript>    <title>Search results for: Edwin Lerch</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Edwin Lerch"> <meta name="keywords" content="Edwin Lerch"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="Edwin Lerch" name="q" aria-label="Search"> <button class="btn btn-light my-2 my-sm-0" type="submit"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></button> </form> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse mt-1" id="navbarMenu"> <ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto align-items-center" id="mainNavMenu"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/conferences" title="Conferences in 2024/2025/2026">Conferences</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/disciplines" title="Disciplines">Disciplines</a> </li> <li 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Edwin Lerch"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 59</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Edwin Lerch</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">59</span> An Exploration of Early Cinematic Technology (1890s-1920s) and Shifting Cinematic Styles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adam%20L.%20Miller">Adam L. Miller</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this paper is to look back to the very beginning of cinematic history and explore the connection between the differing technology used, and the varying styles adopted by early filmmakers. The paper will be structured chronologically, first looking at the advances that predated Thomas Edison and his Kinetograph and Kinetogram. This paper will then explore how Edison’s technology and films varied from the Lumiere brothers and their Cinematograph. Finally, the paper will go on to draw parallels and differences between French filmmakers such as Alice Guy and George Melies, and American filmmakers like Edwin S. Porter and D. W. Griffith. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=film%20studies" title="film studies">film studies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=early%20cinema" title=" early cinema"> early cinema</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silent%20cinema" title=" silent cinema"> silent cinema</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=early%20cinematic%20technology" title=" early cinematic technology"> early cinematic technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thomas%20Edison" title=" Thomas Edison"> Thomas Edison</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alice%20Guy" title=" Alice Guy"> Alice Guy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=George%20Melies" title=" George Melies"> George Melies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edwin%20S.%20Porter" title=" Edwin S. Porter"> Edwin S. Porter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lumiere%20brothers" title=" Lumiere brothers"> Lumiere brothers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20W.%20Griffith" title=" D. W. Griffith"> D. W. Griffith</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109221/an-exploration-of-early-cinematic-technology-1890s-1920s-and-shifting-cinematic-styles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109221.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">204</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">58</span> Enhancing the Stability of Vietnamese Power System - from Theory to Practical</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edwin%20Lerch">Edwin Lerch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dirk%20Audring"> Dirk Audring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cuong%20Nguyen%20Mau"> Cuong Nguyen Mau</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Duc%20Ninh%20Nguyen"> Duc Ninh Nguyen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=The%20Cuong%20Nguyen"> The Cuong Nguyen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=The%20Van%20Nguyen"> The Van Nguyen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The National Load Dispatch Centre of Electricity Vietnam (EVNNLDC) and Siemens PTI investigated the stability of the electrical 500/220 kV transportation system of Vietnam. The general scope of the investigations is improving the stability of the Vietnam power system and giving the EVNNLDC staff the capability to decide how to deal with expected stability challenges in the future, which are related to the very fast growth of the system. Rapid system growth leads to a very high demand of power transmission from North to South. This was investigated by stability studies of interconnected power system with neighboring countries. These investigations are performed in close cooperation and coordination with the EVNNLDC project team. This important project includes data collection, measurement, model validation and investigation of relevant stability phenomena as well as training of the EVNNLDC staff. Generally, the power system of Vietnam has good voltage and dynamic stability. The main problems are related to the longitudinal system with more power generation in the North and Center, especially hydro power, and load centers in the South of Vietnam. Faults on the power transmission system from North to South risks the stability of the entire system due to a high power transfer from North to South and high loading of the 500 kV backbone. An additional problem is the weak connection to Cambodia power system which leads to interarea oscillations mode. Therefore, strengthening the power transfer capability by new 500kV lines or HVDC connection and balancing the power generation across the country will solve many challenges. Other countermeasures, such as wide area load shedding, PSS tuning and correct SVC placement will improve and stabilize the power system as well. Primary frequency reserve should be increased. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20power%20transmission%20system%20studies" title="dynamic power transmission system studies">dynamic power transmission system studies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blackout%20prevention" title=" blackout prevention"> blackout prevention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20system%20interconnection" title=" power system interconnection"> power system interconnection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stability" title=" stability"> stability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58895/enhancing-the-stability-of-vietnamese-power-system-from-theory-to-practical" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58895.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">359</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">57</span> Noncommutative Diﬀerential Structure on Finite Groups</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ibtisam%20Masmali">Ibtisam Masmali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edwin%20Beggs"> Edwin Beggs</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we take example of diﬀerential calculi, on the ﬁnite group A4. Then, we apply methods of non-commutative of non-commutative diﬀerential geometry to this example, and see how similar the results are to those of classical diﬀerential geometry. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=di%EF%AC%80erential%20calculi" title="diﬀerential calculi">diﬀerential calculi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%EF%AC%81nite%20group%20A4" title=" ﬁnite group A4"> ﬁnite group A4</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christo%EF%AC%80el%20symbols" title=" Christoﬀel symbols"> Christoﬀel symbols</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=covariant%20derivative" title=" covariant derivative"> covariant derivative</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=torsion%20compatible" title=" torsion compatible"> torsion compatible</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3359/noncommutative-differential-structure-on-finite-groups" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3359.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">252</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">56</span> An Analysis of the Effectiveness of Computer-Assisted Instruction on Student Achievement in Differing Science Content Areas</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edwin%20Christmann">Edwin Christmann</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=John%20Hicks"> John Hicks</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This meta-analysis compared the mathematics achievement of students who received either traditional instruction or traditional instruction supplemented with computer-assisted instruction (CAI). From the 27 conclusions, an overall mean effect size of 0.236 was calculated, indicating that, on average, students receiving traditional instruction supplemented with CAI attained higher mathematics achievement than did 59.48 percent of those receiving traditional instruction per se. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CAI" title="CAI">CAI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=science" title=" science"> science</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=meta-analysis" title=" meta-analysis"> meta-analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traditional" title=" traditional"> traditional</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/125312/an-analysis-of-the-effectiveness-of-computer-assisted-instruction-on-student-achievement-in-differing-science-content-areas" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/125312.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">169</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">55</span> Structural Damage Detection Using Sensors Optimally Located</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carlos%20Alberto%20Riveros">Carlos Alberto Riveros</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edwin%20Fabi%C3%A1n%20Garc%C3%ADa"> Edwin Fabián García</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Javier%20Enrique%20Rivero"> Javier Enrique Rivero</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The measured data obtained from sensors in continuous monitoring of civil structures are mainly used for modal identification and damage detection. Therefore when modal identification analysis is carried out the quality in the identification of the modes will highly influence the damage detection results. It is also widely recognized that the usefulness of the measured data used for modal identification and damage detection is significantly influenced by the number and locations of sensors. The objective of this study is the numerical implementation of two widely known optimum sensor placement methods in beam-like structures <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimum%20sensor%20placement" title="optimum sensor placement">optimum sensor placement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural%20damage%20detection" title=" structural damage detection"> structural damage detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modal%20identification" title=" modal identification"> modal identification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=beam-like%20structures." title=" beam-like structures. "> beam-like structures. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15240/structural-damage-detection-using-sensors-optimally-located" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15240.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">431</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">54</span> Algorithm and Software Based on Multilayer Perceptron Neural Networks for Estimating Channel Use in the Spectral Decision Stage in Cognitive Radio Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Danilo%20L%C3%B3pez">Danilo López</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Johana%20Hern%C3%A1ndez"> Johana Hernández</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edwin%20Rivas"> Edwin Rivas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The use of the Multilayer Perceptron Neural Networks (MLPNN) technique is presented to estimate the future state of use of a licensed channel by primary users (PUs); this will be useful at the spectral decision stage in cognitive radio networks (CRN) to determine approximately in which time instants of future may secondary users (SUs) opportunistically use the spectral bandwidth to send data through the primary wireless network. To validate the results, sequences of occupancy data of channel were generated by simulation. The results show that the prediction percentage is greater than 60% in some of the tests carried out. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cognitive%20radio" title="cognitive radio">cognitive radio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neural%20network" title=" neural network"> neural network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prediction" title=" prediction"> prediction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=primary%20user" title=" primary user"> primary user</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61993/algorithm-and-software-based-on-multilayer-perceptron-neural-networks-for-estimating-channel-use-in-the-spectral-decision-stage-in-cognitive-radio-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61993.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">371</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">53</span> Use of Artificial Intelligence Based Models to Estimate the Use of a Spectral Band in Cognitive Radio</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Danilo%20L%C3%B3pez">Danilo López</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edwin%20Rivas"> Edwin Rivas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fernando%20Pedraza"> Fernando Pedraza</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Currently, one of the major challenges in wireless networks is the optimal use of radio spectrum, which is managed inefficiently. One of the solutions to existing problem converges in the use of Cognitive Radio (CR), as an essential parameter so that the use of the available licensed spectrum is possible (by secondary users), well above the usage values that are currently detected; thus allowing the opportunistic use of the channel in the absence of primary users (PU). This article presents the results found when estimating or predicting the future use of a spectral transmission band (from the perspective of the PU) for a chaotic type channel arrival behavior. The time series prediction method (which the PU represents) used is ANFIS (Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System). The results obtained were compared to those delivered by the RNA (Artificial Neural Network) algorithm. The results show better performance in the characterization (modeling and prediction) with the ANFIS methodology. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ANFIS" title="ANFIS">ANFIS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cognitive%20radio" title=" cognitive radio"> cognitive radio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prediction%20primary%20user" title=" prediction primary user"> prediction primary user</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RNA" title=" RNA"> RNA</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63037/use-of-artificial-intelligence-based-models-to-estimate-the-use-of-a-spectral-band-in-cognitive-radio" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63037.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">420</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">52</span> Giant Filiform Polyposis in a Patient with Ulcerative Colitis Mimicking Colorectal Cancer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Godwin%20Dennison">Godwin Dennison</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edwin%20Cooper"> Edwin Cooper</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=George%20Theobald"> George Theobald</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Richard%20Dalton"> Richard Dalton</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We report an unusual case of giant filiform polyposis in a patient with ulcerative colitis, causing a large stricture in the colon. A 62-year-old man was referred to the Bowel Cancer Screening Programme with a positive Faecal Immunochemical Test (FIT). He was known to have UC for 30 years. A CT scan showed a 9 cm stricture in the transverse colon suspicious of malignancy. A colonoscopy was attempted three times, and biopsies confirmed features of ulcerative colitis. A laparoscopic assisted transverse colectomy (Left hemicolectomy) was performed, and the histology revealed giant filiform polyposis. This should be considered in a UC patient presenting with signs of obstruction mimicking a carcinoma. Whilst it is a benign condition, because of the size of the lesion, it often causes obstruction, and surgery is indicated to relieve symptoms. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=giant%20inflammatory%20polyposis" title="giant inflammatory polyposis">giant inflammatory polyposis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=filiform%20polyposis" title=" filiform polyposis"> filiform polyposis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ulcerative%20colitis" title=" ulcerative colitis"> ulcerative colitis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inflammatory%20bowel%20disease" title=" inflammatory bowel disease"> inflammatory bowel disease</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152067/giant-filiform-polyposis-in-a-patient-with-ulcerative-colitis-mimicking-colorectal-cancer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152067.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">117</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">51</span> Stochastic Control of Decentralized Singularly Perturbed Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Walid%20S.%20Alfuhaid">Walid S. Alfuhaid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saud%20A.%20Alghamdi"> Saud A. Alghamdi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=John%20M.%20Watkins"> John M. Watkins</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Edwin%20Sawan"> M. Edwin Sawan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Designing a controller for stochastic decentralized interconnected large scale systems usually involves a high degree of complexity and computation ability. Noise, observability, and controllability of all system states, connectivity, and channel bandwidth are other constraints to design procedures for distributed large scale systems. The quasi-steady state model investigated in this paper is a reduced order model of the original system using singular perturbation techniques. This paper results in an optimal control synthesis to design an observer based feedback controller by standard stochastic control theory techniques using Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG) approach and Kalman filter design with less complexity and computation requirements. Numerical example is given at the end to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decentralized" title="decentralized">decentralized</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimal%20control" title=" optimal control"> optimal control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=output" title=" output"> output</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=singular%20perturb" title=" singular perturb"> singular perturb</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45093/stochastic-control-of-decentralized-singularly-perturbed-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45093.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">370</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">50</span> An Algorithm for Determining the Arrival Behavior of a Secondary User to a Base Station in Cognitive Radio Networks </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Danilo%20L%C3%B3pez">Danilo López</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edwin%20Rivas"> Edwin Rivas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leyla%20L%C3%B3pez"> Leyla López</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents the development of an algorithm that predicts the arrival of a secondary user (SU) to a base station (BS) in a cognitive network based on infrastructure, requesting a Best Effort (BE) or Real Time (RT) type of service with a determined bandwidth (BW) implementing neural networks. The algorithm dynamically uses a neural network construction technique using the geometric pyramid topology and trains a Multilayer Perceptron Neural Networks (MLPNN) based on the historical arrival of an SU to estimate future applications. This will allow efficiently managing the information in the BS, since it precedes the arrival of the SUs in the stage of selection of the best channel in CRN. As a result, the software application determines the probability of arrival at a future time point and calculates the performance metrics to measure the effectiveness of the predictions made. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cognitive%20radio" title="cognitive radio">cognitive radio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=base%20station" title=" base station"> base station</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=best%20effort" title=" best effort"> best effort</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MLPNN" title=" MLPNN"> MLPNN</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prediction" title=" prediction"> prediction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=real%20time" title=" real time"> real time</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62227/an-algorithm-for-determining-the-arrival-behavior-of-a-secondary-user-to-a-base-station-in-cognitive-radio-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62227.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">330</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">49</span> Competition in Kenya: The Legal and Institutional Framework and an Appraisal of Key Market Players</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edwin%20Njoroge%20Kimani">Edwin Njoroge Kimani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alan%20M.%20Munyao"> Alan M. Munyao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Despite Kenya’s status as a regional economic powerhouse, it struggles with economic shocks that expose the consumers. This, however, seems not to affect major cooperates such as those in the telecommunication and energy sectors. Through their operations, they have not only been able to fluctuate prices at will but also they have been accused of curtailing their rivals from penetrating the market. This study, through literature review of the legal and institutional framework, reports and publications interrogates the law and uncovers the following; i) failings of the legal framework to define market dominance and abuse of such positions, ii) the participation of the state, iii) the inertia of the government to prosecute corporations that abuse their market dominance, iv) the role of the state as a market player and as a regulator through the Competition Authority of Kenya. This study concludes that the market distortion is as a result of weak legal and institutional framework as well as conflict of interest by the government. Not much has been researched in the field of competition law the greater East Africa. This research is intended to form part of the growing research in the field and inform legal reform. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=competition%20law" title="competition law">competition law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20power" title=" economic power"> economic power</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dominance" title=" dominance"> dominance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kenya" title=" Kenya"> Kenya</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80464/competition-in-kenya-the-legal-and-institutional-framework-and-an-appraisal-of-key-market-players" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80464.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">228</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">48</span> Homoleptic Complexes of a Tetraphenylporphyrinatozinc(II)-conjugated 2,2':6',6"-Terpyridine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Angelo%20Lanzilotto">Angelo Lanzilotto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Martin%20Kuss-Petermann"> Martin Kuss-Petermann</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Catherine%20E.%20Housecroft"> Catherine E. Housecroft</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edwin%20C.%20Constable"> Edwin C. Constable</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oliver%20S.%20Wenger"> Oliver S. Wenger</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We recently described the synthesis of a new tetraphenylporphyrinatozinc(II)-conjugated 2,2':6',6"-terpyridine (1) in which the tpy domain enables the molecule to act as a metalloligand. The synthetic route to 1 has been optimized, the importance of selecting a particular sequence of synthetic steps will be discussed. Three homoleptic complexes have been prepared, [Zn(1)₂]²⁺, [Fe(1)₂]²⁺ and [Ru(1)₂]²⁺, and have been isolated as the hexafluoridophosphate salts. Spectroelectrochemical measurements have been performed and the spectral changes ascribed to redox processes are partitioned on either the porphyrin or the terpyridine units. Compound 1 undergoes a reversible one-electron oxidation/reduction. The removal/gain of a second electron leads to a further irreversible chemical transformation. For the homoleptic [M(1)₂]²⁺ complexes, a suitable potential can be chosen at which both the oxidation and the reduction of the {ZnTPP} core are reversible. When the homoleptic complex contains a redox active metal such as Fe or Ru, spectroelectrochemistry has been used to investigate the metal to ligand charge transfer (MLCT) transition. The latter is sensitive to the oxidation state of the metal, and electrochemical oxidation of the metal center suppresses it. Detailed spectroelectrochemical studies will be presented. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=homoleptic%20complexes" title="homoleptic complexes">homoleptic complexes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spectroelectrochemistry" title=" spectroelectrochemistry"> spectroelectrochemistry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tetraphenylporphyrinatozinc%28II%29" title=" tetraphenylporphyrinatozinc(II)"> tetraphenylporphyrinatozinc(II)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=2" title=" 2"> 2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=2%27%3A6%27" title="2':6'">2':6'</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=6%22-terpyridine" title="6"-terpyridine">6"-terpyridine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59759/homoleptic-complexes-of-a-tetraphenylporphyrinatozincii-conjugated-2266-terpyridine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59759.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">219</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">47</span> Mechanistic Modelling to De-risk Process Scale-up</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edwin%20Cartledge">Edwin Cartledge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jack%20Clark"> Jack Clark</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mazaher%20Molaei-Chalchooghi"> Mazaher Molaei-Chalchooghi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The mixing in the crystallization step of active pharmaceutical ingredient manufacturers was studied via advanced modeling tools to enable a successful scale-up. A virtual representation of the vessel was created, and computational fluid dynamics were used to simulate multiphase flow and, thus, the mixing environment within this vessel. The study identified a significant dead zone in the vessel underneath the impeller and found that increasing the impeller speed and power did not improve the mixing. A series of sensitivity analyses found that to improve mixing, the vessel had to be redesigned, and found that optimal mixing could be obtained by adding two extra cylindrical baffles. The same two baffles from the simulated environment were then constructed and added to the process vessel. By identifying these potential issues before starting the manufacture and modifying the vessel to ensure good mixing, this study mitigated a failed crystallization and potential batch disposal, which could have resulted in a significant loss of high-value material. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=active%20pharmaceutical%20ingredient" title="active pharmaceutical ingredient">active pharmaceutical ingredient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=baffles" title=" baffles"> baffles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computational%20fluid%20dynamics" title=" computational fluid dynamics"> computational fluid dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixing" title=" mixing"> mixing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modelling" title=" modelling"> modelling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165825/mechanistic-modelling-to-de-risk-process-scale-up" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165825.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">97</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">46</span> Developers’ Gains and Losses from the Economic Incentives of Green Building: Explanations from the Transitional Gains Trap and Transaction Cost Economics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ke%20Fan">Ke Fan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edwin%20H.%20W.%20Chan"> Edwin H. W. Chan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Economic incentives of green building (GB) have been implemented to promote green building and address the market barriers. However, if developers could gain from the incentives, why not all the buildings are green? This paper aims to study this problem and provide a new perspective to look at the economic incentives. The theories of Transitional Gains Trap (TGP) and Transaction Cost Economics (TCE) are employed to explain the developers’ gains and losses from the economic incentives. This paper takes the GFA (gross floor area) concession incentive in Hong Kong, which is one of the most popular incentives, as the case to conduct in-depth case study and it did interview to validate the results. The results show that after implementing the GFA concession scheme, the benefit of the GFA concession is capitalized into land value. Therefore, developers have to bear the increased land cost, which supports the theory of the TGP. Even though, some developers are still not willing to participate in the incentive scheme because of high transaction costs (TCs). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20building" title="green building">green building</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20incentives" title=" economic incentives"> economic incentives</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transitional%20gains%20trap" title=" transitional gains trap"> transitional gains trap</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transaction%20cost" title=" transaction cost"> transaction cost</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61235/developers-gains-and-losses-from-the-economic-incentives-of-green-building-explanations-from-the-transitional-gains-trap-and-transaction-cost-economics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61235.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">290</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">45</span> Life Cycle Assesment (LCA) Study of Shrimp Fishery in the South East Coast of Arabian Sea</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leela%20Edwin">Leela Edwin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rithin%20Joseph"> Rithin Joseph</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20H.%20Dhiju%20Das"> P. H. Dhiju Das</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20A.%20Sayana"> K. A. Sayana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20S.%20Muhammed%20Sherief"> P. S. Muhammed Sherief</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The shrimp trawl fishery is considered one of the more valuable fisheries from the South east Coast of Arabian Sea. Inventory data for the shrimp were collected over 1 year period and used to carry out a life cycle assessment (LCA). LCA was performed to assess and compare the environmental impacts associated with the fishing operations related to shrimp fishery. This analysis included the operation of the vessels, together with major inputs related to the production of diesel, trawl nets, or anti-fouling paints. Data regarding vessel operation was obtained from the detailed questionnaires filled out by 180 trawlers. The analysis on environmental impacts linked to shrimp extraction on a temporal scale, showed that varying landings enhanced the environmental burdens mainly associated with activities related to diesel production, transport and consumption of the fishing vessels. Discard rates for trawlers were also identified as a major environmental impact in this fishery. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shrimp%20trawling" title="shrimp trawling">shrimp trawling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20cycle%20assesment%20%28LCA%29" title=" life cycle assesment (LCA)"> life cycle assesment (LCA)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arabian%20sea" title=" Arabian sea"> Arabian sea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20impacts" title=" environmental impacts"> environmental impacts</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39627/life-cycle-assesment-lca-study-of-shrimp-fishery-in-the-south-east-coast-of-arabian-sea" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39627.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">322</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">44</span> An Ultrasonic Signal Processing System for Tomographic Imaging of Reinforced Concrete Structures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edwin%20Forero-Garcia">Edwin Forero-Garcia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jaime%20Vitola"> Jaime Vitola</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Brayan%20Cardenas"> Brayan Cardenas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Johan%20Casagua"> Johan Casagua</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research article presents the integration of electronic and computer systems, which developed an ultrasonic signal processing system that performs the capture, adaptation, and analog-digital conversion to later carry out its processing and visualization. The capture and adaptation of the signal were carried out from the design and implementation of an analog electronic system distributed in stages: 1. Coupling of impedances; 2. Analog filter; 3. Signal amplifier. After the signal conditioning was carried out, the ultrasonic information was digitized using a digital microcontroller to carry out its respective processing. The digital processing of the signals was carried out in MATLAB software for the elaboration of A-Scan, B and D-Scan types of ultrasonic images. Then, advanced processing was performed using the SAFT technique to improve the resolution of the Scan-B-type images. Thus, the information from the ultrasonic images was displayed in a user interface developed in .Net with Visual Studio. For the validation of the system, ultrasonic signals were acquired, and in this way, the non-invasive inspection of the structures was carried out and thus able to identify the existing pathologies in them. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acquisition" title="acquisition">acquisition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=signal%20processing" title=" signal processing"> signal processing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultrasound" title=" ultrasound"> ultrasound</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SAFT" title=" SAFT"> SAFT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HMI" title=" HMI"> HMI</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162674/an-ultrasonic-signal-processing-system-for-tomographic-imaging-of-reinforced-concrete-structures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162674.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">107</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">43</span> Migration-Related Challenges during the Covid-19 Pandemic in South Africa. A Case of Alexandra Township</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edwin%20Mwasakidzeni%20Mutyenyoka">Edwin Mwasakidzeni Mutyenyoka</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Without ignoring migration-related challenges in transit zones and places of origin, this inquiry focuses on arrived international immigrants’ exacerbated vulnerability during crises. The aim is to underline longstanding inequalities and demonstrate that crises merely amplify and exacerbate challenges that low-income migrants already face during ‘non-crises’ periods. Social protection, as an agenda for reducing vulnerability, poverty, and risk for low-income households, with regard to basic consumption and services, has been foregrounded in the post-apartheid development discourse in South Africa. Evidently, however, the state, through the South African Social Security Agency (SASSA), systemically excludes the majority of non-citizens from state-sponsored social assistance programs - often leaving them heavily dependent on sporadic non-state options and erosive coping mechanisms. In this paper, migration itself should not only be understood as a social protection strategy against poverty and risk but also as a source of vulnerability that often requires social protection. For quasi-ethnographic, it use one migrant destination, Alex Park Township, as a “contact zone” and space of negotiation during the pandemic. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=south-south%20migration" title="south-south migration">south-south migration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crises" title=" crises"> crises</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20protection" title=" social protection"> social protection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Covid-19%20pandemic" title=" Covid-19 pandemic"> Covid-19 pandemic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154364/migration-related-challenges-during-the-covid-19-pandemic-in-south-africa-a-case-of-alexandra-township" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154364.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">91</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">42</span> Survey of Potential Adverse Health Effects of Mobile Phones, and Wireless Base Stations in Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nureni%20A.%20Yekini">Nureni A. Yekini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Isaac%20T.%20Babalola"> Isaac T. Babalola</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edwin%20E.%20Aighokhan"> Edwin E. Aighokhan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Agnes%20K.%20Akinwole"> Agnes K. Akinwole</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Stephen%20Igwe"> N. Stephen Igwe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Survey was conducted to gather information on potential adverse health effects of Mobile Phones, and Telecommunication Tower Base Stations in Nigeria. Data was sourced from two sampled populations. Firstly from the people living in close proximity to base stations, and secondly from cell phone users. Questionnaire was used to gathered information from 574 people on thirteen non-specific health symptoms. Data obtained was presented and analyzed. The analysis shows that people living close to the based stations over a long period of time with or without cell phone, and also the heavy phone users with close proximity to the base stations are liable to have some potential health hazards, such as fatigue, sleep disturbances, headaches, feeling of discomfort, difficulty in concentrating, depression, memory loss, visual disruptions, irritability, hearing disruptions, skin problems, cardiovascular disorders, and dizziness. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20hazards" title="health hazards">health hazards</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wireless%20base%20stations" title=" wireless base stations"> wireless base stations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phone%20users" title=" phone users"> phone users</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20phones" title=" mobile phones"> mobile phones</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigeria" title=" Nigeria"> Nigeria</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56938/survey-of-potential-adverse-health-effects-of-mobile-phones-and-wireless-base-stations-in-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56938.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">321</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">41</span> Development of K-Factor for Road Geometric Design: A Case Study of North Coast Road in Java </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edwin%20Hidayat">Edwin Hidayat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Redi%20Yulianto"> Redi Yulianto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Disi%20Hanafiah"> Disi Hanafiah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> On the one hand, parameters which are used for determining the number of lane on the new road construction are average annual average daily traffic (AADT) and peak hour factor (K-factor). On the other hand, the value of K-factor listed in the guidelines and manual for road planning in Indonesia is a value of adoption or adaptation from foreign guidelines or manuals. Thus, the value is less suitable for Indonesian condition due to differences in road conditions, vehicle type, and driving behavior. The purpose of this study is to provide an example on how to determine k-factor values at a road segment with particular conditions in north coast road, West Java. The methodology is started with collecting traffic volume data for 24 hours over 365 days using PLATO (Automated Traffic Counter) with the approach of video image processing. Then, the traffic volume data is divided into per hour and analyzed by comparing the peak traffic volume in the 30th hour (or other) with the AADT in the same year. The analysis has resulted that for the 30th peak hour the K-factor is 0.97. This value can be used for planning road geometry or evaluating the road capacity performance for the 4/2D interurban road. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20geometry" title="road geometry">road geometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K-factor" title=" K-factor"> K-factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=annual%20average%20daily%20traffic" title=" annual average daily traffic"> annual average daily traffic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=north%20coast%20road" title=" north coast road"> north coast road</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95926/development-of-k-factor-for-road-geometric-design-a-case-study-of-north-coast-road-in-java" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95926.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">161</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">40</span> Na Doped ZnO UV Filters with Reduced Photocatalytic Activity for Sunscreen Application</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rafid%20Mueen">Rafid Mueen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Konstantin%20Konstantinov"> Konstantin Konstantinov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Micheal%20Lerch"> Micheal Lerch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhenxiang%20Cheng"> Zhenxiang Cheng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the past two decades, the concern for skin protection from ultraviolet (UV) radiation has attracted considerable attention due to the increased intensity of UV rays that can reach the Earth’s surface as a result of the breakdown of ozone layer. Recently, UVA has also attracted attention, since, in comparison to UVB, it can penetrate deeply into the skin, which can result in significant health concerns. Sunscreen agents are one of the significant tools to protect the skin from UV irradiation, and it is either organic or in organic. Developing of inorganic UV blockers is essential, which provide efficient UV protection over a wide spectrum rather than organic filters. Furthermore inorganic UV blockers are good comfort, and high safety when applied on human skin. Inorganic materials can absorb, reflect, or scatter the ultraviolet radiation, depending on their particle size, unlike the organic blockers, which absorb the UV irradiation. Nowadays, most inorganic UV-blocking filters are based on (TiO2) and ZnO). ZnO can provide protection in the UVA range. Indeed, ZnO is attractive for in sunscreen formulization, and this relates to many advantages, such as its modest refractive index (2.0), absorption of a small fraction of solar radiation in the UV range which is equal to or less than 385 nm, its high probable recombination of photogenerated carriers (electrons and holes), large direct band gap, high exciton binding energy, non-risky nature, and high tendency towards chemical and physical stability which make it transparent in the visible region with UV protective activity. A significant issue for ZnO use in sunscreens is that it can generate ROS in the presence of UV light because of its photocatalytic activity. Therefore it is essential to make a non-photocatalytic material through modification by other metals. Several efforts have been made to deactivate the photocatalytic activity of ZnO by using inorganic surface modifiers. The doping of ZnO by different metals is another way to modify its photocatalytic activity. Recently, successful doping of ZnO with different metals such as Ce, La, Co, Mn, Al, Li, Na, K, and Cr by various procedures, such as a simple and facile one pot water bath, co-precipitation, hydrothermal, solvothermal, combustion, and sol gel methods has been reported. These materials exhibit greater performance than undoped ZnO towards increasing the photocatalytic activity of ZnO in visible light. Therefore, metal doping can be an effective technique to modify the ZnO photocatalytic activity. However, in the current work, we successfully reduce the photocatalytic activity of ZnO through Na doped ZnO fabricated via sol-gel and hydrothermal methods. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photocatalytic" title="photocatalytic">photocatalytic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ROS" title=" ROS"> ROS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UVA" title=" UVA"> UVA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ZnO" title=" ZnO"> ZnO</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104660/na-doped-zno-uv-filters-with-reduced-photocatalytic-activity-for-sunscreen-application" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104660.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">143</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">39</span> Impact of Emergency Medicine Department Crowding on Mortality</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Morteza%20Gharibi">Morteza Gharibi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdolghader%20Pakniat"> Abdolghader Pakniat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Somayeh%20Bahrampouri"> Somayeh Bahrampouri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Emergency department (E.R.) crowding is a serious widespread problem in hospitals that leads to irregularities, a slower rate of delivery of services to patients, and a long-term stay. In addition, the long-term stay in the E.D. reduces the possibility of providing services with appropriate quality to other patients who are undergoing medical emergencies, which leads to dissatisfaction among patients. This study aimed to determine the relationship between ED-crowding and the mortality rate of the patients referred to the E.D. In a retrospective cohort study, all patients who expired in first 24 hours of admission were enrolled in the study. Crowding index at the moment of admission was calculated using Edwin Score. The data including history and physical examination, time of arrival in the E.D., diagnosis (using ICD 10 code), time of death, cause of death, demographic information was recoded based on triage forms on admission and patients’ medical files. Data analysis was performed by using descriptive statistics and chi square test, ANOVA tests using SPSS ver. 19. The time of arrival in E.D. to death in crowded E.D. conditions, with an average of five hours and 25 minutes, was significantly higher than the average admission Time of arrival in E.D. to death in active and crowded E.D. conditions. More physicians and nurses can be employed during crowded times to reduce staff fatigue and improve their performance during these hours. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mortality" title="mortality">mortality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emergency" title=" emergency"> emergency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=department" title=" department"> department</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crowding" title=" crowding"> crowding</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146432/impact-of-emergency-medicine-department-crowding-on-mortality" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146432.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">94</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">38</span> Cash Management and the Impact of Cashless Policy in a Developing Nation: Nigeria as a Case Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ossai%20Paulinus%20Edwin">Ossai Paulinus Edwin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cash Management is a broad area having to do with the collection, concentration, and disbursement of cash including measuring the level of liquidity and managing the cash balance and short-Term Investments. Cash Management involves the efficient collection and disbursement of cash and cash equivalents. It also includes management of marketable securities because, in modern Terminology, money comprises marketable securities and actual cash in hand or in a bank. This cash management is concerned with management of cash inflow and cash outflow of a business especially as it concerns a developing nation like Nigeria. The paper throws light on the impact of cashless policy in Nigeria as it was introduced by the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) in December 2011 and was kick-started in Lagos in January 2012. Survey research was adopted with the questionnaires as data collection instrument. Responses show that cashless policy if adopted generally shall increase employment opportunities, reduce cash related robbery thereby reducing risk of carrying cash; it shall also reduce cash related corruption and attract more foreign investors to the country. It is expected that the introduction of cashless policy in Nigeria is a step in the right direction as it shall bring about modernization of Nigeria payment system, reduction in the cost of banking services, reduction in high security and safety risk and also curb banking related corruptions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cashless%20economy" title="cashless economy">cashless economy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cash%20management" title=" cash management"> cash management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cashless%20policy" title=" cashless policy"> cashless policy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-banking" title=" e-banking"> e-banking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigeria" title=" Nigeria"> Nigeria</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13859/cash-management-and-the-impact-of-cashless-policy-in-a-developing-nation-nigeria-as-a-case-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13859.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">539</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">37</span> Gender-Based Violence among Women and Girls with Disability in Nepal</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manita%20Pyakurel">Manita Pyakurel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ram%20Chandra%20Silwal"> Ram Chandra Silwal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Padam%20Simkhada"> Padam Simkhada</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edwin%20van%20Teijlingen"> Edwin van Teijlingen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bikesh%20Bajracharya"> Bikesh Bajracharya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sushila%20Sapkota"> Sushila Sapkota</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tina%20Gorkhali"> Tina Gorkhali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salita%20Gurung"> Salita Gurung</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Gender-based violence (GBV) has been identified as a social and personal security concern for women with disabilities who are at increased risk for various types of abuse. This study aims to determine the prevalence rates of physical, psychological, and sexual violence among women and girls with disability in Nepal. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 28 municipalities, 14 districts, and 7 provinces representing all three ecological regions of Nepal from January to March 2021. Study respondents were girls and women with disabilities, aged between 15 and 59 years, at the study sites. Face-to-face semi-structured interviews were conducted among 1294 respondents using the KoBo toolbox application on a smartphone or tablet. Results: Among the total study population, 35.3% shared lifetime violence experience. Only 4.8% formally reported violence experienced. Among the violence experienced participants maximum (92.6%) of women and girls identified no change in violence before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Women who were married had protective odds of 0.71 for violence experienced in their lifetime [aOR-0.71, CI (0.56-0.90)]. Conclusion: More than one-third experienced violence in their lifetime. Intimate partner violence was the most common violence experienced by women and girls with disability in Nepal. Sexual violence was the least type of violence experienced. The most common perpetrator of violence includes the mother or father-in-law. Most of the women and girls never reported violence. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender-based%20violence" title="gender-based violence">gender-based violence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prevalence" title=" prevalence"> prevalence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=girls" title=" girls"> girls</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=women" title=" women"> women</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156935/gender-based-violence-among-women-and-girls-with-disability-in-nepal" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156935.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">137</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">36</span> Cash Management in a Cashless Economy of a Developing Nation, Problems and Prospects: Nigeria a Case Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ossai%20Paulinus%20Edwin">Ossai Paulinus Edwin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cash Management is a broad area having to do with the collection, concentration and disbursement of cash including measuring the level of liquidity and managing the cash balance and Short-Term Investments. Cash Management involves the efficient collection and disbursement of cash and cash equivalents. It also includes management of marketable securities because, in modern Terminology, money comprises marketable securities and actual cash in hand or in a bank. This cash management is concerned with management of cash inflow and cash outflow of a business especially as it concerns a developing nation like Nigeria. The paper throws light on the impact of cashless policy in Nigeria as it was introduced by the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) in December 2011 and was kick started in Lagos in January 2012. Survey research was adopted with the questionnaires as data collection instrument. Responses show that cashless policy if adopted generally shall increase employment opportunities, reduce cash related robbery thereby reducing risk of carrying cash; it shall also reduce cash related corruption and attract more foreign investors to the country. It is expected that the introduction of cashless policy in Nigeria is a step in the right direction as it shall bring about modernization of Nigeria payment system, reduction in the cost of banking services, reduction in high security and safety risk and also curb banking related corruptions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cashless%20economy" title="cashless economy">cashless economy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cash%20management" title=" cash management"> cash management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cashless%20policy" title=" cashless policy"> cashless policy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-banking" title=" e-banking"> e-banking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigeria" title=" Nigeria "> Nigeria </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29744/cash-management-in-a-cashless-economy-of-a-developing-nation-problems-and-prospects-nigeria-a-case-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29744.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">387</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">35</span> Track and Trace Solution on Land Certificate Production: Indonesian Land Certificate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adrian%20Rifqi">Adrian Rifqi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Febe%20Napitupulu"> Febe Napitupulu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Erdi%20Hermawan"> Erdi Hermawan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edwin%20Putra"> Edwin Putra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yang%20Leprilian"> Yang Leprilian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article focuses on the implementation of the production improvement process of the Indonesian land certificate product that printed in Perum Peruri as the state-owned enterprises. Based on the data obtained, there are several complaints from customers of the 2019 land certificate production. The complaints become a negative value to loyal customers of Perum Peruri. Almost all the complaints are referring to ‘defective printouts and the difference between products in packaging and packaging labels both in terms of type and quantity’. To overcome this problem, we intend to make an improvement to the production process that focuses on complaints ‘there is a difference between products in packaging with packaging labels’. Improvements in the land certificate production process are relying on the technology of the scales and QR code on the packaging label. In addition, using the QR code on the packaging label will facilitate the process of tracking product data. With this method, we hope to reduce the error rate between products in packaging with the packaging label both in terms of quantity, type, and product number on the land certificate and error rate of sending land certificates, which will be sent to many places to 0%. With this solution, we also hope to get precise data and real-time reports on the production of land certificates in the near future, so track and trace implementation can be done as the solution of the land certificate production. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=land%20certificates" title="land certificates">land certificates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=QR%20code" title=" QR code"> QR code</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=track%20and%20trace" title=" track and trace"> track and trace</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=packaging" title=" packaging"> packaging</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116740/track-and-trace-solution-on-land-certificate-production-indonesian-land-certificate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116740.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">160</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">34</span> Endovascular Aneurysm Repair (Evar) with Endoanchors: For Tandem Aortic Abdominal Aneurysm (Aaa) with Hostile Neck & Proximal Penetrating Atherosclerotic Ulcer </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Von%20Jerick%20Tenorio">Von Jerick Tenorio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jonald%20Lucero"> Jonald Lucero</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marivic%20Vestal"> Marivic Vestal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edwin%20Tiempo"> Edwin Tiempo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In patients with hostile aortic neck anatomy, the risks of proximal seal complications and stent migration remain with EVAR despite improved endograft technology. This case report discusses how the technical challenges of the hostile neck anatomy, proximal penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer (PAU) and tortuous femoral access were addressed. The CT aortogram of a 63-year-old hypertensive and diabetic man with recurring abdominal discomfort revealed a fusiform infra-renal aneurysm measuring 8.8 cm in length and 5.7 cm in diameter. The proximal landing zone only has a 3 mm healthy neck with a conicity of > 10% and a thrombus of 4 mm thick. Proximal to the aneurysm is a PAU with a circumferential mural thrombus. The right femoral artery is tortuous with > 90o angulation. A 20% oversized Endurant II endograft and Aptus Heli-FX EndoAnchors were deployed as prophylaxis for type I endoleaks and endograft migration consequent to the conical neck and proximal aneurysm extension consequent to the PAU. A stiff Backup Meier guide wire facilitated the deployment of the endograft. Coil embolization of the right internal iliac artery was performed as prophylaxis for type II endoleaks. EndoAnchors can be used as an adjunct to EVAR as prophylaxis for proximal seal complications and stent migration in patients with hostile aortic aneurysm neck anatomy and concomitant proximal PAU. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=endoAnchors" title="endoAnchors">endoAnchors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=endoleaks" title=" endoleaks"> endoleaks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EVAR" title=" EVAR"> EVAR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hostile%20neck" title=" hostile neck"> hostile neck</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138396/endovascular-aneurysm-repair-evar-with-endoanchors-for-tandem-aortic-abdominal-aneurysm-aaa-with-hostile-neck-proximal-penetrating-atherosclerotic-ulcer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138396.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">205</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">33</span> Calcined Tertiaries Hydrotalcites as Supports of Cobalt-Molybdenum Based Catalysts for the Hydrodesulfurization Reaction of Dibenzothiophene</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edwin%20Oviedo">Edwin Oviedo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carlos%20Linares"> Carlos Linares</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Philippe%20Ayrault"> Philippe Ayrault</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sylvette%20Brunet"> Sylvette Brunet</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nowadays, light conventional crude oils are going down. Therefore, the exploitation of heavy crude oils has been increasing. Hence, a major quantity of refractory sulfur compounds such as dibenzothiophene (DBT) should be removed. Many efforts have been carried out to modify hydrotreatment typical supports in order to increase hydrodesulfurization (HDS) reactions. The present work shows the synthesis of tertiaries MgFeAl(0.16), MgFeAl(0.32), CoFeAl, ZnFeAl hydrotalcites, as supports of CoMo based catalysts, where 0.16 and 0.32 are the Fe3+/Al3+ molar ratio. Solids were characterized by different techniques (XRD, CO2-TPD, H2-TPR, FT-IR, BET, Chemical Analysis and HRTEM) and tested in the DBT HDS reaction. The reactions conditions were: Temp=325°C, P=40 Bar, H2/feed=475. Results show that the catalysts CoMo/MgFeAl(0.16) and CoMo/MgFeAl(0.32), which were the most basics, reduced the sulfur content from 500ppm to less than 1 ppm, increasing the cyclohexylbenzene content, i.e. presented a higher selective toward the HYD pathway than reference catalyst CoMo/γ- Al2O3. This is suitable for improving the fuel quality due to the increase of the cetane number. These catalysts were also more active to the HDS reaction increasing the direct desulfurization (DDS) way and presented a good stability. It is advantageous when the gas oil centane number should be improved. Cobalt, iron or zinc species inside support could avoid the Co and Mo dispersion or form spinel species which could be less active to hydrodesulfuration reactions, while hydrotalcites containing Mg increases the HDS activity probably due to improved Co/Mo ratio. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catalyst" title="catalyst">catalyst</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cetane%20number" title=" cetane number"> cetane number</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dibenzothiophene" title=" dibenzothiophene"> dibenzothiophene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diesel" title=" diesel"> diesel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrodesulfurization" title=" hydrodesulfurization"> hydrodesulfurization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrotreatment" title=" hydrotreatment"> hydrotreatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MoS2" title=" MoS2"> MoS2</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82878/calcined-tertiaries-hydrotalcites-as-supports-of-cobalt-molybdenum-based-catalysts-for-the-hydrodesulfurization-reaction-of-dibenzothiophene" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82878.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">159</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">32</span> Maximizing the Aerodynamic Performance of Wind and Water Turbines by Utilizing Advanced Flow Control Techniques</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edwin%20Javier%20Cortes">Edwin Javier Cortes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Surupa%20Shaw"> Surupa Shaw</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent years, there has been a growing emphasis on enhancing the efficiency and performance of wind and water turbines to meet the increasing demand for sustainable energy sources. One promising approach is the utilization of advanced flow control techniques to optimize aerodynamic performance. This paper explores the application of advanced flow control techniques in both wind and water turbines, aiming to maximize their efficiency and output. By manipulating the flow of air or water around the turbine blades, these techniques offer the potential to improve energy capture, reduce drag, and minimize turbulence-induced losses. The paper will review various flow control strategies, including passive and active techniques such as vortex generators, boundary layer suction, and plasma actuators. It will examine their effectiveness in optimizing turbine performance under different operating conditions and environmental factors. Furthermore, the paper will discuss the challenges and opportunities associated with implementing these techniques in practical turbine designs. It will consider factors such as cost-effectiveness, reliability, and scalability, as well as the potential impact on overall turbine efficiency and lifecycle. Through a comprehensive analysis of existing research and case studies, this paper aims to provide insights into the potential benefits and limitations of advanced flow control techniques for wind and water turbines. It will also highlight areas for future research and development, with the ultimate goal of advancing the state-of-the-art in turbine technology and accelerating the transition towards a more sustainable energy future. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flow%20control" title="flow control">flow control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=efficiency" title=" efficiency"> efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=passive%20control" title=" passive control"> passive control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=active%20control" title=" active control"> active control</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185144/maximizing-the-aerodynamic-performance-of-wind-and-water-turbines-by-utilizing-advanced-flow-control-techniques" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185144.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">70</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">31</span> Conceptualizing a Strategic Facilities Management Decision Framework for Heritage Building Maintenance Management</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adegoriola%20Mayowa%20I.">Adegoriola Mayowa I.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lai%20Joseph%20H.%20K."> Lai Joseph H. K.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yung%20Esther%20H.%20K."> Yung Esther H. K.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chan%20Edwin%20H.%20K."> Chan Edwin H. K.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Heritage buildings (HBs) as structures with historical and architectural relevance that form an integral part of contemporary society. These buildings deserve to be protected for as long as possible to retain their significance. Therefore, the need to prioritize HB maintenance management is pertinent. However, the decision-making process of HBMM can be relatively daunting. The decision-making challenge may be attributed to the multiple 'stakeholders' expectation and requirement which needs to be met. To this end, professionals in the built environment have identified the need to apply the strategic concept of facilities management (FM) in decision making. Furthermore, the different maintenance dimensions have been applied to maintenance management of residential, commercial, and health facilities. Unfortunately, these different maintenance approaches, such as FM, sustainable FM, urban FM, green FM, and strategic FM, are yet to be fully explored in the decision-making process of HBMM. To bridge this gap, this study focuses on developing a framework for strategic decision-making HBMM, which helps achieve HBMM sustainability. At the study's inception, relevant works of literature in the domains of HBMM and FM were conducted. This review helped in the identification of contemporary maintenance practices and their applicability to HBMM. Afterward, a conceptual framework to aid decision-making in HBMM was developed. This framework integrated the concept of FM scope (people, place, process, and technology) while ensuring that decisions plans were made at strategic, tactical, and operational levels. Also, the different characteristics of HBs and stakeholders' requirements were considered in the framework. The conceptual framework presents a holistic guide for professionals in HBMM to ensure that decision processes and outcomes are practical and efficient. It also contributes to the existing body of knowledge on the integration of FM in HBMM. Furthermore, it will serve as a basis for future studies by applying the conceptualized framework in actual cases. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decision-making" title="decision-making">decision-making</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=facility%20management" title=" facility management"> facility management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strategy" title=" strategy"> strategy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title=" sustainability"> sustainability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heritage%20building" title=" heritage building"> heritage building</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maintenance" title=" maintenance"> maintenance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143350/conceptualizing-a-strategic-facilities-management-decision-framework-for-heritage-building-maintenance-management" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143350.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">138</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30</span> Enhanced Growth of Microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Cultivated in Different Organic Waste and Effective Conversion of Algal Oil to Biodiesel</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ajith%20J.%20Kings">Ajith J. Kings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20R.%20Monisha%20Miriam"> L. R. Monisha Miriam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Edwin%20Raj"> R. Edwin Raj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Julyes%20Jaisingh"> S. Julyes Jaisingh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Gavaskar"> S. Gavaskar </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Microalgae are a potential bio-source for rejuvenated solutions in various disciplines of science and technology, especially in medicine and energy. Biodiesel is being replaced for conventional fuels in automobile industries with reduced pollution and equivalent performance. Since it is a carbon neutral fuel by recycling CO2 in photosynthesis, global warming potential can be held in control using this fuel source. One of the ways to meet the rising demand of automotive fuel is to adopt with eco-friendly, green alternative fuels called sustainable microalgal biodiesel. In this work, a microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was cultivated and optimized in different media compositions developed from under-utilized waste materials in lab scale. Using the optimized process conditions, they are then mass propagated in out-door ponds, harvested, dried and oils extracted for optimization in ambient conditions. The microalgal oil was subjected to two step esterification processes using acid catalyst to reduce the acid value (0.52 mg kOH/g) in the initial stage, followed by transesterification to maximize the biodiesel yield. The optimized esterification process parameters are methanol/oil ratio 0.32 (v/v), sulphuric acid 10 vol.%, duration 45 min at 65 ºC. In the transesterification process, commercially available alkali catalyst (KOH) is used and optimized to obtain a maximum biodiesel yield of 95.4%. The optimized parameters are methanol/oil ratio 0.33(v/v), alkali catalyst 0.1 wt.%, duration 90 min at 65 ºC 90 with smooth stirring. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) is employed as a tool for optimizing the process parameters. The biodiesel was then characterized with standard procedures and especially by GC-MS to confirm its compatibility for usage in internal combustion engine. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microalgae" title="microalgae">microalgae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20media" title=" organic media"> organic media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transesterification" title=" transesterification"> transesterification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=characterization" title=" characterization"> characterization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69009/enhanced-growth-of-microalgae-chlamydomonas-reinhardtii-cultivated-in-different-organic-waste-and-effective-conversion-of-algal-oil-to-biodiesel" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69009.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">234</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edwin%20Lerch&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edwin%20Lerch&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" 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