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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style> 半開前不圓唇元音是<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%AF%8D%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="母音">母音</a>的一種，用於一些語言當中，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="國際音標">國際音標</a>以 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">⟨ɛ⟩代表此音，而<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/X-SAMPA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="X-SAMPA">X-SAMPA</a>音標則以 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">⟨E⟩代表此音。 <table class="infobox" style="width: 16em;"> <tbody> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background: #f2f2ce;">半開前不圓唇元音</th> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ffffe6;;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r61209503">.mw-parser-output .IPA{font-family:"Charis SIL","Doulos SIL","Linux Libertine","Segoe UI","Lucida Sans Unicode","Code2000","Gentium","Gentium Alternative","TITUS Cyberbit Basic","Arial Unicode MS","IPAPANNEW","Chrysanthi Unicode","GentiumAlt","Bitstream Vera","Bitstream Cyberbit","Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro","Lucida Grande",sans-serif;text-decoration:none!important}.mw-parser-output .IPA a:link,.mw-parser-output .IPA a:visited{text-decoration:none!important}</style>ɛ</th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/IPA_number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="IPA number">IPA編號</a></th> <td class="infobox-data" style="">303</td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ffffe6;;">編碼</th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">HTML碼（十進制）</th> <td class="infobox-data" style=""><code>&#603;</code></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">Unicode碼（十六進制）</th> <td class="infobox-data" style="">U+025B</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/X-SAMPA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="X-SAMPA">X-SAMPA音標</a></th> <td class="infobox-data" style=""><code>E</code></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%9F%AF%E7%94%B3%E9%B2%8D%E5%A7%86%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="柯申鲍姆系统">ASCII音標</a></th> <td class="infobox-data" style=""><code>E</code></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=IPA%E7%9B%B2%E6%96%87&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="IPA盲文（页面不存在）">IPA盲文</a>（英语：<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPA_Braille" class="extiw" title="en:IPA Braille">IPA Braille</a>）</th> <td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Braille_%C3%84.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="⠜ (braille pattern dots-345) U+281C"><img alt="⠜ (braille pattern dots-345)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Braille_%C3%84.svg/25px-Braille_%C3%84.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Braille_%25C3%2584.svg/38px-Braille_%25C3%2584.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Braille_%25C3%2584.svg/50px-Braille_%25C3%2584.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""> <table class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="width:100%; margin:0px; border:0; background: transparent;"> <tbody> <tr> <th style="background:#FFFFE6; border:0;">圖像</th> </tr> <tr> <td class="center" style="background: transparent; border:0;"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel_(vector).svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel_%28vector%29.svg/150px-Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel_%28vector%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel_%2528vector%2529.svg/225px-Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel_%2528vector%2529.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel_%2528vector%2529.svg/300px-Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel_%2528vector%2529.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400"></a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ffffe6;;">音頻範例</th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data center" style=""> <audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="150" style="width:150px;" data-durationhint="2" data-mwtitle="Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"> <source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/71/Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel.ogg/Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/71/Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0"> </audio> <div> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel.ogg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="File:Open-mid front unrounded vowel.ogg">來源</a> · <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%AA%92%E9%AB%94%E5%B9%AB%E5%8A%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:媒體幫助">幫助</a> </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="zh" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">目录</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E7%89%B9%E5%BE%B5">1 特徵</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E5%90%84%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E8%A1%A8">2 各語言使用表</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E8%A8%BB%E9%87%8B">3 註釋</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E5%8F%83%E8%80%83%E6%96%87%E7%8D%BB">4 參考文獻</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E5%A4%96%E9%83%A8%E9%80%A3%E7%B5%90">5 外部連結</a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <h2 id="特徵">特徵</h2> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：特徵" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> 编辑 </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <ul> <li>其<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3%E9%AB%98%E5%BA%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="元音高度">元音高度</a>是<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="半開元音">半開</a>，表示舌頭的位置是在<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%96%8B%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="開元音">開元音</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="中元音">中元音</a>之間。</li> </ul> <ul> <li>其<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3%E8%88%8C%E4%BD%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="元音舌位">元音舌位</a>是<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%89%8D%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="前元音">前</a>，表示舌頭會盡可能地朝向嘴巴前面，但不至于阻礙氣流而被歸類為子音。通常<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%BA%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="元音圓唇度">圓唇</a>前元音的實際位置會比參考點的位置還要更靠近<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A4%AE%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="央元音">中央</a>（稱此過程為<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AE%E5%8C%96_(%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="央化 (元音)（页面不存在）">央化</a>（英语：<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relative_articulation%23Centralized" class="extiw" title="en:Relative articulation">Relative articulation#Centralized</a>））。因此，前元音事實上常常是<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%AC%A1%E5%89%8D%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="次前元音">次前元音</a>。</li> </ul> <ul> <li>其<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%BA%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="元音圓唇度">圓唇度</a>為不圓唇元音，嘴唇自然放鬆，不特別向前突起。</li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <h2 id="各語言使用表">各語言使用表</h2> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：各語言使用表" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> 编辑 </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <table class="wikitable" style="clear: both;"> <tbody> <tr> <th colspan="2">语言</th> <th>词汇</th> <th><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="国际音标">国际音标</a></th> <th>意义</th> <th>注释</th> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E8%AF%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="阿拉伯语">阿拉伯语</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>参见<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Im%C4%81la&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Imāla（页面不存在）">Imāla</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E7%BE%8E%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="亚美尼亚语">亚美尼亚语</a></td> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E4%BA%9A%E7%BE%8E%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="东亚美尼亚语">东亚美尼亚语</a><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDum-Tragut200913-1">[1]</a></td> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Armenian_alphabet&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Armenian alphabet（页面不存在）">էջ</a>/ēǰ</td> <td> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">[ɛd͡ʒ]</td> <td>页</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E4%BC%90%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="巴伐利亚语">巴伐利亚语</a></td> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%A7%86%E6%96%BD%E6%B3%B0%E6%BB%95?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="阿姆施泰滕">阿姆施泰滕</a>方言<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-2">[2]</a></td> <td colspan="2" align="center">[<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:AUDIENCE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:AUDIENCE">比如？</a>]</td> <td></td> <td>一般记作⟨æ⟩。</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%AD%9F%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%89%E8%AF%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="孟加拉语">孟加拉语</a><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKhan2010222-3">[3]</a></td> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bengali_alphabet&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Bengali alphabet（页面不存在）">এক</a>/ek</td> <td> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">[ɛk]</td> <td>一</td> <td>参见<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%9F%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%89%E8%AF%AD%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="孟加拉语音系（页面不存在）">孟加拉语音系</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="保加利亚语">保加利亚语</a><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTETernesVladimirova-Buhtz199956-4">[4]</a></td> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bulgarian_language&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Bulgarian language（页面不存在）">пет</a>/pet</td> <td> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">[pɛt̪]</td> <td>五</td> <td>参见<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="保加利亚语音系（页面不存在）">保加利亚语音系</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%B7%AC%E8%AA%9E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="緬語">缅语</a><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatkins2001292%E2%80%93293-5">[5]</a></td> <td>မေ/me</td> <td> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">[mɛ]</td> <td>母亲</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%B3%B0%E7%BD%97%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="加泰罗尼亚语">加泰罗尼亚语</a><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarbonellLlisterri199254-6">[6]</a></td> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Catalan_orthography&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Catalan orthography（页面不存在）">mel</a></td> <td> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">[mɛɫ]</td> <td>蜜</td> <td>参见<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%A0%E6%B3%B0%E7%BD%97%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="加泰罗尼亚语音系（页面不存在）">加泰罗尼亚语音系</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="汉语">汉语</a></td> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="标准汉语">标准汉语</a><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTELin200765-7">[7]</a></td> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Chinese_characters&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Chinese characters（页面不存在）">天</a> / <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">tiān</a></td> <td><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/1\/1d\/Zh-ti%C4%81n.ogg\/Zh-ti%C4%81n.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"<style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r61209503\">.mw-parser-output .IPA{font-family:\"Charis SIL\",\"Doulos SIL\",\"Linux Libertine\",\"Segoe UI\",\"Lucida Sans Unicode\",\"Code2000\",\"Gentium\",\"Gentium Alternative\",\"TITUS Cyberbit Basic\",\"Arial Unicode MS\",\"IPAPANNEW\",\"Chrysanthi Unicode\",\"GentiumAlt\",\"Bitstream Vera\",\"Bitstream Cyberbit\",\"Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro\",\"Lucida Grande\",sans-serif;text-decoration:none!important}.mw-parser-output .IPA a:link,.mw-parser-output .IPA a:visited{text-decoration:none!important}<\/style>[t\u02b0i\u032f\u025bn\u02e5]<\/span>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"zh","wikibase":"","file":"Zh-ti\u0101n.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1d/Zh-ti%25C4%2581n.ogg/Zh-ti%25C4%2581n.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="播放音频" title="播放音频" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">[tʰi̯ɛn˥]</a><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Zh-ti%C4%81n.ogg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="File:Zh-tiān.ogg">ⓘ</a></td> <td>天</td> <td>元音高度介于中到开，取决于使用者。参见<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%8F%BE%E4%BB%A3%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="現代標準漢語音系">现代标准汉语音系</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E7%93%A6%E4%BB%80%E8%AF%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="楚瓦什语">楚瓦什语</a></td> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Cyrillic_script&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Cyrillic script（页面不存在）">ҫепĕç</a></td> <td>['ɕɛp̬ɘɕ]</td> <td>温柔</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="捷克语">捷克语</a><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDankovi%C4%8Dov%C3%A1199972-8">[8]</a><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTE%C5%A0im%C3%A1%C4%8Dkov%C3%A1Podlipsk%C3%BDChl%C3%A1dkov%C3%A12012228-9">[9]</a></td> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Czech_orthography&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Czech orthography（页面不存在）">led</a></td> <td> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">[lɛt]</td> <td>冰</td> <td>在波西米亚捷克语中这个元音介于半开前元音 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">[ɛ]、半开次前元音 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">[ɛ̠]和中次前元音[<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%86%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="中前不圆唇元音">ɛ̝̈</a>]间。<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDankovi%C4%8Dov%C3%A1199972-8">[8]</a>参见<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E8%AA%9E%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="捷克語音系（页面不存在）">捷克語音系</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A6%E8%AF%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="丹麦语">丹麦语</a></td> <td>标准音<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGr%C3%B8nnum1998100-10">[10]</a><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBasb%C3%B8ll200545-11">[11]</a></td> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Dano-Norwegian_alphabet&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Dano-Norwegian alphabet（页面不存在）">frisk</a></td> <td> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">[ˈfʁɛsk]</td> <td>新鲜</td> <td>一般记作⟨æ⟩。参见<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A6%E8%AF%AD%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="丹麦语音系">丹麦语音系</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="荷兰语">荷兰语</a></td> <td>标准音<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGussenhoven199247-12">[12]</a></td> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Dutch_orthography&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Dutch orthography（页面不存在）">bed</a></td> <td><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/4\/40\/Nl-bed.ogg\/Nl-bed.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"<style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r61209503\">.mw-parser-output .IPA{font-family:\"Charis SIL\",\"Doulos SIL\",\"Linux Libertine\",\"Segoe UI\",\"Lucida Sans Unicode\",\"Code2000\",\"Gentium\",\"Gentium Alternative\",\"TITUS Cyberbit Basic\",\"Arial Unicode MS\",\"IPAPANNEW\",\"Chrysanthi Unicode\",\"GentiumAlt\",\"Bitstream Vera\",\"Bitstream Cyberbit\",\"Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro\",\"Lucida Grande\",sans-serif;text-decoration:none!important}.mw-parser-output .IPA a:link,.mw-parser-output .IPA a:visited{text-decoration:none!important}<\/style>[b\u025bt]<\/span>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"zh","wikibase":"","file":"Nl-bed.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/40/Nl-bed.ogg/Nl-bed.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="播放音频" title="播放音频" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">[bɛt]</a><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Nl-bed.ogg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="File:Nl-bed.ogg">ⓘ</a></td> <td>床</td> <td>参见<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="荷兰语音系（页面不存在）">荷兰语音系</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=The_Hague_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="The Hague dialect（页面不存在）">The Hague</a><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTECollinsMees2003136-13">[13]</a></td> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Dutch_orthography&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Dutch orthography（页面不存在）">jij</a></td> <td><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-3" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/4\/41\/Gents-jij.ogg\/Gents-jij.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"<style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r61209503\">.mw-parser-output .IPA{font-family:\"Charis SIL\",\"Doulos SIL\",\"Linux Libertine\",\"Segoe UI\",\"Lucida Sans Unicode\",\"Code2000\",\"Gentium\",\"Gentium Alternative\",\"TITUS Cyberbit Basic\",\"Arial Unicode MS\",\"IPAPANNEW\",\"Chrysanthi Unicode\",\"GentiumAlt\",\"Bitstream Vera\",\"Bitstream Cyberbit\",\"Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro\",\"Lucida Grande\",sans-serif;text-decoration:none!important}.mw-parser-output .IPA a:link,.mw-parser-output .IPA a:visited{text-decoration:none!important}<\/style>[j\u025b\u031e\u02d0]<\/span>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"zh","wikibase":"","file":"Gents-jij.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/41/Gents-jij.ogg/Gents-jij.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="播放音频" title="播放音频" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">[jɛ̞ː]</a><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Gents-jij.ogg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="File:Gents-jij.ogg">ⓘ</a></td> <td>你</td> <td>和标准音 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">[ɛi]对应。</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="10"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="英语">英语</a></td> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="美国英语">美国英语</a><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMannellCoxHarrington2009a-14">[14]</a></td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=English_orthography&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="English orthography（页面不存在）">bed</a></td> <td rowspan="4"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-4" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/1\/14\/En-us-bed.ogg\/En-us-bed.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"<style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r61209503\">.mw-parser-output .IPA{font-family:\"Charis SIL\",\"Doulos SIL\",\"Linux Libertine\",\"Segoe UI\",\"Lucida Sans Unicode\",\"Code2000\",\"Gentium\",\"Gentium Alternative\",\"TITUS Cyberbit Basic\",\"Arial Unicode MS\",\"IPAPANNEW\",\"Chrysanthi Unicode\",\"GentiumAlt\",\"Bitstream Vera\",\"Bitstream Cyberbit\",\"Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro\",\"Lucida Grande\",sans-serif;text-decoration:none!important}.mw-parser-output .IPA a:link,.mw-parser-output .IPA a:visited{text-decoration:none!important}<\/style>[b\u025bd]<\/span>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"zh","wikibase":"","file":"En-us-bed.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/14/En-us-bed.ogg/En-us-bed.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="播放音频" title="播放音频" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">[bɛd]</a><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:En-us-bed.ogg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="File:En-us-bed.ogg">ⓘ</a></td> <td rowspan="4">床</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E8%8B%B1%E6%A0%BC%E8%98%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="北英格蘭">北英格兰</a>英语<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTELodge2009163-15">[15]</a></td> <td>或许有低化。<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTELodge2009163-15">[15]</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E8%8B%B1%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="标准英音">标准英音</a><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchmitt2007322%E2%80%93323-16">[16]</a><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-17">[17]</a></td> <td>老派使用者用更闭的[<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%86%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="中前不圆唇元音">e̞</a>]。参见<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="英語音系">英语音系</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%98%87%E6%A0%BC%E8%98%AD%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="蘇格蘭英語">苏格兰英语</a><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEScobbieGordeevaMatthews20067-18">[18]</a></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%80%83%E5%85%8B%E5%B0%BC?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="考克尼">考克尼</a><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHughesTrudgill197935-19">[19]</a></td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=English_orthography&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="English orthography（页面不存在）">fat</a></td> <td rowspan="4"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">[fɛt]</td> <td rowspan="4">胖</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%8A%A0%E5%9D%A1%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="新加坡英语">新加坡英语</a><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBet_HashimBrown2000-20">[20]</a></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%A5%BF%E5%85%B0%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="新西兰英语">新西兰英语</a><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMannellCoxHarrington2009b-21">[21]</a></td> <td>参见<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%A5%BF%E5%85%B0%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="新西兰英语">新西兰英语</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>一些 <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%9D%9E%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="南非英语">南非英语</a>白读使用者<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTELanham19679-22">[22]</a></td> <td>其他使用者将其读作[<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%AC%A1%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="次開前不圓唇元音">æ</a>]或[<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="開前不圓唇元音">a</a>]。参见<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%97%E9%9D%9E%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="南非英语音系（页面不存在）">南非英语音系</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94%E6%B3%95%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="贝尔法斯特">贝尔法斯特</a>英语<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-23">[23]</a></td> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=English_orthography&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="English orthography（页面不存在）">days</a></td> <td> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">[dɛːz]</td> <td>天</td> <td>在闭音节是 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">[iə]；和标准英音 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">[eɪ]对应。</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E7%A5%96%E9%B2%81%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="祖鲁英语（页面不存在）">祖鲁英语</a><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-24">[24]</a></td> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=English_orthography&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="English orthography（页面不存在）">mate</a></td> <td> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">[mɛt]</td> <td>同伴</td> <td>使用者避免<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Met%E2%80%93mate_merger&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Met–mate merger（页面不存在）">met-mate合流</a>。</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E7%BD%97%E8%AF%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法罗语">法罗语</a><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTE%C3%81rnason201168,_75-25">[25]</a></td> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Faroese_orthography&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Faroese orthography（页面不存在）">frekt</a></td> <td> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">[fɹɛʰkt]</td> <td>贪婪</td> <td>参见<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E7%BD%97%E8%AF%AD%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="法罗语音系（页面不存在）">法罗语音系</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%AF%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法语">法语</a><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFougeronSmith199373-26">[26]</a><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTECollinsMees2013225-27">[27]</a></td> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=French_orthography&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="French orthography（页面不存在）">bête</a></td> <td><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-5" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/8\/8b\/Fr-b%C3%AAte.ogg\/Fr-b%C3%AAte.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"<style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r61209503\">.mw-parser-output .IPA{font-family:\"Charis SIL\",\"Doulos SIL\",\"Linux Libertine\",\"Segoe UI\",\"Lucida Sans Unicode\",\"Code2000\",\"Gentium\",\"Gentium Alternative\",\"TITUS Cyberbit Basic\",\"Arial Unicode MS\",\"IPAPANNEW\",\"Chrysanthi Unicode\",\"GentiumAlt\",\"Bitstream Vera\",\"Bitstream Cyberbit\",\"Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro\",\"Lucida Grande\",sans-serif;text-decoration:none!important}.mw-parser-output .IPA a:link,.mw-parser-output .IPA a:visited{text-decoration:none!important}<\/style>[b\u025bt\u032a]<\/span>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"zh","wikibase":"","file":"Fr-b\u00eate.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8b/Fr-b%25C3%25AAte.ogg/Fr-b%25C3%25AAte.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="播放音频" title="播放音频" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">[bɛt̪]</a><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Fr-b%C3%AAte.ogg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="File:Fr-bête.ogg">ⓘ</a></td> <td>野兽</td> <td>参见<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%AF%AD%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="法语音系">法语音系</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="加利西亚语">加利西亚语</a></td> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Galician_phonology&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Galician phonology（页面不存在）">ferro</a></td> <td> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">[ˈfɛro̝]</td> <td>铁</td> <td>参见<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="加利西亚语音系（页面不存在）">加利西亚语音系</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%B2%81%E5%90%89%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="格鲁吉亚语">格鲁吉亚语</a><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShostedChikovani2006261%E2%80%93262-28">[28]</a></td> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Georgian_alphabet&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Georgian alphabet（页面不存在）">გედი</a>/gedi</td> <td> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">[ɡɛdi]</td> <td>天鹅</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="5"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="德语">德语</a></td> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="标准德语">标准德语</a><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHall200382,_107-29">[29]</a><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDudenredaktionKleinerKn%C3%B6bl201534-30">[30]</a></td> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=German_orthography&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="German orthography（页面不存在）">Bett</a></td> <td><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-6" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/5\/5e\/De-Bett.ogg\/De-Bett.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"<style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r61209503\">.mw-parser-output .IPA{font-family:\"Charis SIL\",\"Doulos SIL\",\"Linux Libertine\",\"Segoe UI\",\"Lucida Sans Unicode\",\"Code2000\",\"Gentium\",\"Gentium Alternative\",\"TITUS Cyberbit Basic\",\"Arial Unicode MS\",\"IPAPANNEW\",\"Chrysanthi Unicode\",\"GentiumAlt\",\"Bitstream Vera\",\"Bitstream Cyberbit\",\"Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro\",\"Lucida Grande\",sans-serif;text-decoration:none!important}.mw-parser-output .IPA a:link,.mw-parser-output .IPA a:visited{text-decoration:none!important}<\/style>[b\u0325\u025bt]<\/span>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"zh","wikibase":"","file":"De-Bett.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5e/De-Bett.ogg/De-Bett.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="播放音频" title="播放音频" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">[b̥ɛt]</a><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:De-Bett.ogg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="File:De-Bett.ogg">ⓘ</a></td> <td>床</td> <td>Also described as mid [<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%86%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="中前不圆唇元音">ɛ̝</a>].<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKohler199987-31">[31]</a>参见<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="標準德語音系">标准德语音系</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>弗兰肯方言<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDudenredaktionKleinerKn%C3%B6bl201540-32">[32]</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=German_orthography&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="German orthography（页面不存在）">oder</a></td> <td rowspan="2"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">[ˈoːdɛ]</td> <td rowspan="2">或</td> <td rowspan="2">取代[<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%AC%A1%E9%96%8B%E5%A4%AE%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="次開央元音">ɐ</a>]使用。<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDudenredaktionKleinerKn%C3%B6bl201540-32">[32]</a>参见<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="標準德語音系">标准德语音系</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>北部滨海方言<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDudenredaktionKleinerKn%C3%B6bl201540-32">[32]</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>施瓦本口音<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDudenredaktionKleinerKn%C3%B6bl201564-33">[33]</a></td> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=German_orthography&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="German orthography（页面不存在）">fett</a></td> <td> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">[fɛt]</td> <td>胖</td> <td>和半闭元音[<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%89%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="半閉前不圓唇元音">e</a>]对立。<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDudenredaktionKleinerKn%C3%B6bl201564-33">[33]</a>参见<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="標準德語音系">标准德语音系</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>瑞士西部方言<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDudenredaktionKleinerKn%C3%B6bl201565-34">[34]</a></td> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=German_orthography&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="German orthography（页面不存在）">See</a></td> <td> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">[z̥ɛː]</td> <td>湖</td> <td>其它口音是半闭元音[<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%89%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="半閉前不圓唇元音">eː</a>]；和次开元音[<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%AC%A1%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="次開前不圓唇元音">æː</a>]对立。<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDudenredaktionKleinerKn%C3%B6bl201534,_65-35">[35]</a> 参见<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="標準德語音系">标准德语音系</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E8%AF%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="印度斯坦语">印度斯坦语</a></td> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%9C%B0%E8%AF%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="印地语">印地语</a></td> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Devanagari?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Devanagari">रहना</a></td> <td rowspan="2"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">[ˈɾɛɦna]</td> <td rowspan="2">留下</td> <td rowspan="2">参见<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E8%AF%AD%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="印度斯坦语音系（页面不存在）">印度斯坦语音系</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%B0%94%E9%83%BD%E8%AF%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="乌尔都语">乌尔都语</a></td> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Nastaliq&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Nastaliq（页面不存在）">رہنا</a>‎</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E8%AF%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="意大利语">意大利语</a><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTERogersd'Arcangeli2004119-36">[36]</a></td> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Italian_alphabet&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Italian alphabet（页面不存在）">bene</a></td> <td><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-7" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/e\/ec\/It-bene.ogg\/It-bene.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"<style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r61209503\">.mw-parser-output .IPA{font-family:\"Charis SIL\",\"Doulos SIL\",\"Linux Libertine\",\"Segoe UI\",\"Lucida Sans Unicode\",\"Code2000\",\"Gentium\",\"Gentium Alternative\",\"TITUS Cyberbit Basic\",\"Arial Unicode MS\",\"IPAPANNEW\",\"Chrysanthi Unicode\",\"GentiumAlt\",\"Bitstream Vera\",\"Bitstream Cyberbit\",\"Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro\",\"Lucida Grande\",sans-serif;text-decoration:none!important}.mw-parser-output .IPA a:link,.mw-parser-output .IPA a:visited{text-decoration:none!important}<\/style>[\u02c8b\u025b\u02d0ne]<\/span>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"zh","wikibase":"","file":"It-bene.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ec/It-bene.ogg/It-bene.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="播放音频" title="播放音频" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">[ˈbɛːne]</a><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:It-bene.ogg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="File:It-bene.ogg">ⓘ</a></td> <td>好</td> <td>参见<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E8%AA%9E%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="意大利語音系（页面不存在）">意大利語音系</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">Kaingang<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJolkesky2009676%E2%80%93677,_682-37">[37]</a></td> <td>mbre</td> <td> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">[ˈᵐbɾɛ]</td> <td>与</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%9F%A9%E8%AF%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="韩语">韩语</a></td> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Hangul&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Hangul（页面不存在）">매미</a> / <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Revised_Romanization_of_Korean&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Revised Romanization of Korean（页面不存在）">maemi</a></td> <td> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">[mɛːmi]</td> <td>蝉</td> <td>参见<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%9F%93%E8%AA%9E%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="韓語音系">韩语音系</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%BA%93%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="库尔德语">库尔德语</a></td> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%BA%93%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="北库尔德语">北库尔德语</a></td> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kurdish_orthography&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Kurdish orthography（页面不存在）">hevde</a>‎</td> <td> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">[hɛvdɛ]</td> <td rowspan="3">十七</td> <td rowspan="3">参见<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%93%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="库尔德语音系（页面不存在）">库尔德语音系</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%BA%93%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="中库尔德语">中库尔德语</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kurdish_orthography&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Kurdish orthography（页面不存在）">هه‌ڤده</a>‎/hevda</td> <td> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">[hɛvdæ]</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%BA%93%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="南库尔德语">南库尔德语</a></td> <td> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">[hɛvda]</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E5%A0%A1%E8%AF%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="林堡语">林堡语</a><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGussenhovenAarts1999159-38">[38]</a><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeters2006119-39">[39]</a><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerhoeven2007221-40">[40]</a></td> <td>crème</td> <td> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">[kʀ̝ɛːm]</td> <td>泡沫</td> <td>例词来自<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E9%87%8C%E8%B5%AB%E7%89%B9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="马斯特里赫特">马斯特里赫特</a>方言。</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E8%AF%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="立陶宛语">立陶宛语</a></td> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Lithuanian_orthography&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Lithuanian orthography（页面不存在）">mesti</a></td> <td> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">[mɛs̪t̪ɪ]</td> <td>扔</td> <td>参见<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E8%AA%9E%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="立陶宛語音系">立陶宛语音系</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%8B%E7%B4%A2%E5%B8%83%E8%AF%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="下索布语">下索布语</a><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStone2002600-41">[41]</a></td> <td>serp</td> <td> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">[s̪ɛrp]</td> <td>镰刀</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1%E8%AF%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="卢森堡语">卢森堡语</a><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGillesTrouvain201370-42">[42]</a></td> <td>Stär</td> <td> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">[ʃtɛːɐ̯]</td> <td>星</td> <td> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">/eː/在 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">/ʀ/前的同位异音。<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGillesTrouvain201370-42">[42]</a>参见<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A2%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1%E8%AF%AD%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="卢森堡语音系（页面不存在）">卢森堡语音系</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%B6%E9%A1%BF%E8%AF%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="马其顿语">马其顿语</a><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-43">[43]</a><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-44">[44]</a></td> <td>标准音</td> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Macedonian_alphabet&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Macedonian alphabet（页面不存在）">мед</a>/med</td> <td> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">[ˈmɛd̪]</td> <td>蜂蜜</td> <td>参见<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%B6%E9%A1%BF%E8%AF%AD%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="马其顿语音系（页面不存在）">马其顿语音系</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81%E8%AF%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="挪威语">挪威语</a></td> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Sognam%C3%A5l_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Sognamål dialect（页面不存在）">Sognamål</a><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaugen200430-45">[45]</a></td> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Norwegian_alphabet&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Norwegian alphabet（页面不存在）">pest</a></td> <td> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">[pʰɛst]</td> <td>瘟疫</td> <td>参见<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81%E8%AF%AD%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="挪威语音系（页面不存在）">挪威语音系</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="波兰语">波兰语</a><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJassem2003105-46">[46]</a></td> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Polish_orthography&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Polish orthography（页面不存在）">ten</a></td> <td><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-8" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/0\/08\/Pl-ten.ogg\/Pl-ten.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"<style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r61209503\">.mw-parser-output .IPA{font-family:\"Charis SIL\",\"Doulos SIL\",\"Linux Libertine\",\"Segoe UI\",\"Lucida Sans Unicode\",\"Code2000\",\"Gentium\",\"Gentium Alternative\",\"TITUS Cyberbit Basic\",\"Arial Unicode MS\",\"IPAPANNEW\",\"Chrysanthi Unicode\",\"GentiumAlt\",\"Bitstream Vera\",\"Bitstream Cyberbit\",\"Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro\",\"Lucida Grande\",sans-serif;text-decoration:none!important}.mw-parser-output .IPA a:link,.mw-parser-output .IPA a:visited{text-decoration:none!important}<\/style>[t\u032a\u025bn\u032a]<\/span>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"zh","wikibase":"","file":"Pl-ten.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/08/Pl-ten.ogg/Pl-ten.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="播放音频" title="播放音频" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">[t̪ɛn̪]</a><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Pl-ten.ogg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="File:Pl-ten.ogg">ⓘ</a></td> <td>这个</td> <td>参见<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="波兰语音系（页面不存在）">波兰语音系</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99%E8%AF%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="葡萄牙语">葡萄牙语</a></td> <td>主要方言<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTECruz-Ferreira199591-47">[47]</a><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-48">[48]</a></td> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Portuguese_orthography&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Portuguese orthography（页面不存在）">pé</a></td> <td> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">[ˈpɛ]</td> <td>脚</td> <td>重读元音是更低的[<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%AC%A1%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="次開前不圓唇元音">æ</a>]。presence and use of 其他非重读⟨e⟩同位异音，如 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">[<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%86%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="中前不圆唇元音">e̞</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%89%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="半閉前不圓唇元音">e</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%AC%A1%E9%96%89%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="次閉前不圓唇元音">ɪ</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%96%89%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="閉前不圓唇元音">i</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%AC%A1%E9%96%89%E5%BE%8C%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="次閉後圓唇元音">ɨ</a>]据方言变化。</td> </tr> <tr> <td>部分使用者<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-49">[49]</a></td> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Portuguese_orthography&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Portuguese orthography（页面不存在）">tempo</a></td> <td> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">[ˈt̪ɛ̃mpu]</td> <td>时间</td> <td>鼻化元音音质的不同主要在欧洲葡萄牙语中保存。参见<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99%E8%AA%9E%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="葡萄牙語音系（页面不存在）">葡萄牙語音系</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="罗马尼亚语">罗马尼亚语</a></td> <td>特兰西瓦尼亚方言<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPop193829-50">[50]</a></td> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Romanian_alphabet&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Romanian alphabet（页面不存在）">vede</a></td> <td> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">[ˈvɛɟe]</td> <td>（他）看</td> <td>和标准罗马尼亚语中元音[<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%86%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="中前不圆唇元音">e̞</a>]对应。参见<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="羅馬尼亞語音系">罗马尼亚语音系</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E8%AF%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="俄语">俄语</a><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJonesWard196941-51">[51]</a></td> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Russian_orthography&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Russian orthography（页面不存在）">это</a>/eto</td> <td><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-9" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/5\/54\/Ru-%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%BE.ogg\/Ru-%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%BE.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"<style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r61209503\">.mw-parser-output .IPA{font-family:\"Charis SIL\",\"Doulos SIL\",\"Linux Libertine\",\"Segoe UI\",\"Lucida Sans Unicode\",\"Code2000\",\"Gentium\",\"Gentium Alternative\",\"TITUS Cyberbit Basic\",\"Arial Unicode MS\",\"IPAPANNEW\",\"Chrysanthi Unicode\",\"GentiumAlt\",\"Bitstream Vera\",\"Bitstream Cyberbit\",\"Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro\",\"Lucida Grande\",sans-serif;text-decoration:none!important}.mw-parser-output .IPA a:link,.mw-parser-output .IPA a:visited{text-decoration:none!important}<\/style>[\u02c8\u025bt\u032a\u0259]<\/span>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"zh","wikibase":"","file":"Ru-\u044d\u0442\u043e.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/54/Ru-%25D1%258D%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE.ogg/Ru-%25D1%258D%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="播放音频" title="播放音频" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">[ˈɛt̪ə]</a><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Ru-%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%BE.ogg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="File:Ru-это.ogg">ⓘ</a></td> <td>这</td> <td>参见<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E8%AA%9E%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="俄語音系">俄语音系</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">Shiwiar<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFast_Mowitz19752-52">[52]</a></td> <td>[<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:AUDIENCE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:AUDIENCE">比如？</a>]</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">/a/的同位异音。</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E6%96%87%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="斯洛文尼亚语">斯洛文尼亚语</a></td> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Slovene_orthography&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Slovene orthography（页面不存在）">met</a></td> <td> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">[mɛ́t]</td> <td>参见<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E6%96%87%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="斯洛文尼亚语音系（页面不存在）">斯洛文尼亚语音系</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E8%AF%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="西班牙语">西班牙语</a></td> <td>东<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%89%E8%BE%BE%E5%8D%A2%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="安达卢西亚西班牙语（页面不存在）">安达卢西亚西班牙语</a><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZamora_Vicente1967?-53">[53]</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Spanish_alphabet&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Spanish alphabet（页面不存在）">las madres</a></td> <td rowspan="2"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">[læ̞ː ˈmæ̞ːð̞ɾɛː]</td> <td rowspan="2">母亲们</td> <td rowspan="2">和其他方言[<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%86%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="中前不圆唇元音">e̞</a>]对应，但在这些方言里它们是独立的。参见<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E8%AA%9E%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="西班牙語音系（页面不存在）">西班牙語音系</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E5%B0%94%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="穆尔西亚地区">穆尔西亚地区</a>西班牙语<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZamora_Vicente1967?-53">[53]</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E7%93%A6%E8%A5%BF%E9%87%8C%E8%AF%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="斯瓦西里语">斯瓦西里语</a></td> <td>shule</td> <td>[ʃulɛ]</td> <td>学校</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8%E8%AF%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="瑞典语">瑞典语</a></td> <td>中央标准音<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEngstrand1999140-54">[54]</a></td> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Swedish_alphabet&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Swedish alphabet（页面不存在）">ät</a></td> <td> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">[ɛ̠ːt̪]</td> <td>请吃</td> <td>有些后移。<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEngstrand1999140-54">[54]</a>参见<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8%E8%AA%9E%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="瑞典語音系">瑞典語音系</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">壮语</td> <td>北部方言</td> <td>sep</td> <td> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">[θɛːp7]</td> <td>辣痛</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>南部方言</td> <td>hep</td> <td> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">[hɛːp7]</td> <td>沙哑</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E8%AF%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="泰语">泰语</a></td> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Thai_script&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Thai script（页面不存在）">แตร</a> / <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Royal_Thai_General_System_of_Transcription&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Royal Thai General System of Transcription（页面不存在）">trae</a></td> <td> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">[trɛː˧]</td> <td>号角</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6%E8%AF%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="土耳其语">土耳其语</a><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEG%C3%B6kselKerslake200510-55">[55]</a><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZimmerOrgun1999155-56">[56]</a></td> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Turkish_alphabet&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Turkish alphabet（页面不存在）">ülke</a></td> <td> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">[y̠l̠ˈcɛ]</td> <td>国家</td> <td> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">/e/的"词尾"<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEG%C3%B6kselKerslake200510-55">[55]</a>或"只出现在词组的末开音节"的同位异音。<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZimmerOrgun1999155-56">[56]</a>参见<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6%E8%AA%9E%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="土耳其語音系">土耳其語音系</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">Twi</td> <td>ɛyɛ</td> <td></td> <td>这是好的</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="乌克兰语">乌克兰语</a><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDanyenkoVakulenko19954-57">[57]</a></td> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ukrainian_alphabet&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Ukrainian alphabet（页面不存在）">день</a>/den'</td> <td> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">[dɛnʲ]</td> <td>一天</td> <td>参见<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E8%AA%9E%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="乌克兰語音系（页面不存在）">乌克兰語音系</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E7%B4%A2%E5%B8%83%E8%AF%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="上索布语">上索布语</a><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStone2002600-41">[41]</a><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTE%C5%A0ewc-Schuster198420-58">[58]</a></td> <td>čelo</td> <td> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">[ˈt͡ʃɛlɔ]</td> <td>小牛</td> <td>参见<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%8A%E7%B4%A2%E5%B8%83%E8%AF%AD%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="上索布语音系（页面不存在）">上索布语音系</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%94%E5%A3%AB%E8%AF%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="威尔士语">威尔士语</a></td> <td>nesaf</td> <td>[nɛsav]</td> <td>下一个</td> <td>参见<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%94%E5%A3%AB%E8%AF%AD%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="威尔士语音系（页面不存在）">威尔士语音系</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="西弗里西亚语">西弗里西亚语</a><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTETiersma199910-59">[59]</a></td> <td>beppe</td> <td> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">[ˈbɛpə]</td> <td>祖母</td> <td>参见<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="西弗里西亚语">西弗里西亚语</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E9%B2%81%E5%B7%B4%E8%AF%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="约鲁巴语">约鲁巴语</a><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBamgbo%E1%B9%A3e1969166-60">[60]</a></td> <td lang="yo"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Standard_Yoruba&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Standard Yoruba（页面不存在）">ẹsẹ̀</a></td> <td> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503">[ɛ̄sɛ]</td> <td>腿</td> <td></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <h2 id="註釋">註釋</h2> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：註釋" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> 编辑 </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDum-Tragut200913-1"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDum-Tragut200913_1-0">^</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFDum-Tragut2009">Dum-Tragut (2009)</a>，第13頁.</li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-2">^</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFTraunm%C3%BCller1982">Traunmüller (1982)</a>, cited in <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFLadefogedMaddieson1996">Ladefoged & Maddieson (1996</a>:290頁)</li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKhan2010222-3"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKhan2010222_3-0">^</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFKhan2010">Khan (2010)</a>，第222頁.</li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETernesVladimirova-Buhtz199956-4"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETernesVladimirova-Buhtz199956_4-0">^</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFTernesVladimirova-Buhtz1999">Ternes & Vladimirova-Buhtz (1999)</a>，第56頁.</li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatkins2001292–293-5"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWatkins2001292%E2%80%93293_5-0">^</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFWatkins2001">Watkins (2001)</a>，第292–293頁.</li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarbonellLlisterri199254-6"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarbonellLlisterri199254_6-0">^</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFCarbonellLlisterri1992">Carbonell & Llisterri (1992)</a>，第54頁.</li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELin200765-7"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELin200765_7-0">^</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFLin2007">Lin (2007)</a>，第65頁.</li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDankovičová199972-8">^ <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDankovi%C4%8Dov%C3%A1199972_8-0">8.0</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDankovi%C4%8Dov%C3%A1199972_8-1">8.1</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFDankovi%C4%8Dov%C3%A11999">Dankovičová (1999)</a>，第72頁.</li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEŠimáčkováPodlipskýChládková2012228-9"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE%C5%A0im%C3%A1%C4%8Dkov%C3%A1Podlipsk%C3%BDChl%C3%A1dkov%C3%A12012228_9-0">^</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREF%C5%A0im%C3%A1%C4%8Dkov%C3%A1Podlipsk%C3%BDChl%C3%A1dkov%C3%A12012">Šimáčková, Podlipský & Chládková (2012)</a>，第228頁.</li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrønnum1998100-10"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGr%C3%B8nnum1998100_10-0">^</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFGr%C3%B8nnum1998">Grønnum (1998)</a>，第100頁.</li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBasbøll200545-11"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBasb%C3%B8ll200545_11-0">^</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFBasb%C3%B8ll2005">Basbøll (2005)</a>，第45頁.</li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGussenhoven199247-12"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGussenhoven199247_12-0">^</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFGussenhoven1992">Gussenhoven (1992)</a>，第47頁.</li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECollinsMees2003136-13"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollinsMees2003136_13-0">^</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFCollinsMees2003">Collins & Mees (2003)</a>，第136頁.</li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMannellCoxHarrington2009a-14"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMannellCoxHarrington2009a_14-0">^</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFMannellCoxHarrington2009a">Mannell, Cox & Harrington (2009a)</a>.</li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELodge2009163-15">^ <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELodge2009163_15-0">15.0</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELodge2009163_15-1">15.1</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFLodge2009">Lodge (2009)</a>，第163頁.</li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchmitt2007322–323-16"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchmitt2007322%E2%80%93323_16-0">^</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFSchmitt2007">Schmitt (2007)</a>，第322–323頁.</li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-17">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.bl.uk/learning/langlit/sounds/case-studies/received-pronunciation/vowel-sounds-rp/">Received Pronunciation</a>. British Library. [2013-05-26]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225074019/http://www.bl.uk/learning/langlit/sounds/case-studies/received-pronunciation/vowel-sounds-rp/%2520">存档</a>于2018-12-25）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3&rft.btitle=Received+Pronunciation&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=British+Library&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bl.uk%2Flearning%2Flanglit%2Fsounds%2Fcase-studies%2Freceived-pronunciation%2Fvowel-sounds-rp%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEScobbieGordeevaMatthews20067-18"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScobbieGordeevaMatthews20067_18-0">^</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFScobbieGordeevaMatthews2006">Scobbie, Gordeeva & Matthews (2006)</a>，第7頁.</li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHughesTrudgill197935-19"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHughesTrudgill197935_19-0">^</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFHughesTrudgill1979">Hughes & Trudgill (1979)</a>，第35頁.</li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBet_HashimBrown2000-20"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBet_HashimBrown2000_20-0">^</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFBet_HashimBrown2000">Bet Hashim & Brown (2000)</a>.</li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMannellCoxHarrington2009b-21"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMannellCoxHarrington2009b_21-0">^</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFMannellCoxHarrington2009b">Mannell, Cox & Harrington (2009b)</a>.</li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELanham19679-22"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELanham19679_22-0">^</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFLanham1967">Lanham (1967)</a>，第9頁.</li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-23">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/wells/x202-18a-ni.pdf">Week 18 (ii). Northern Ireland</a> (PDF). [2013-05-26]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20210112070733/https://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/wells/x202-18a-ni.pdf">存档</a> (PDF)于2021-01-12）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3&rft.btitle=Week+18+%28ii%29.+Northern+Ireland&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.phon.ucl.ac.uk%2Fhome%2Fwells%2Fx202-18a-ni.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-24">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20080517054614/http://www.und.ac.za/und/ling/archive/wade_ch4.html">Rodrik Wade, MA Thesis, Ch 4: Structural characteristics of Zulu English</a>. [2008-05-17]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.und.ac.za/und/ling/archive/wade_ch4.html">原始内容</a>存档于2008-05-17）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3&rft.btitle=Rodrik+Wade%2C+MA+Thesis%2C+Ch+4%3A+Structural+characteristics+of+Zulu+English&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.und.ac.za%2Fund%2Fling%2Farchive%2Fwade_ch4.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEÁrnason201168,_75-25"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE%C3%81rnason201168,_75_25-0">^</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREF%C3%81rnason2011">Árnason (2011)</a>，第68, 75頁.</li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFougeronSmith199373-26"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFougeronSmith199373_26-0">^</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFFougeronSmith1993">Fougeron & Smith (1993)</a>，第73頁.</li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECollinsMees2013225-27"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollinsMees2013225_27-0">^</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFCollinsMees2013">Collins & Mees (2013)</a>，第225頁.</li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEShostedChikovani2006261–262-28"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShostedChikovani2006261%E2%80%93262_28-0">^</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFShostedChikovani2006">Shosted & Chikovani (2006)</a>，第261–262頁.</li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHall200382,_107-29"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHall200382,_107_29-0">^</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFHall2003">Hall (2003)</a>，第82, 107頁.</li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDudenredaktionKleinerKnöbl201534-30"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDudenredaktionKleinerKn%C3%B6bl201534_30-0">^</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFDudenredaktionKleinerKn%C3%B6bl2015">Dudenredaktion, Kleiner & Knöbl (2015)</a>，第34頁.</li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKohler199987-31"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKohler199987_31-0">^</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFKohler1999">Kohler (1999)</a>，第87頁.</li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDudenredaktionKleinerKnöbl201540-32">^ <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDudenredaktionKleinerKn%C3%B6bl201540_32-0">32.0</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDudenredaktionKleinerKn%C3%B6bl201540_32-1">32.1</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDudenredaktionKleinerKn%C3%B6bl201540_32-2">32.2</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFDudenredaktionKleinerKn%C3%B6bl2015">Dudenredaktion, Kleiner & Knöbl (2015)</a>，第40頁.</li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDudenredaktionKleinerKnöbl201564-33">^ <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDudenredaktionKleinerKn%C3%B6bl201564_33-0">33.0</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDudenredaktionKleinerKn%C3%B6bl201564_33-1">33.1</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFDudenredaktionKleinerKn%C3%B6bl2015">Dudenredaktion, Kleiner & Knöbl (2015)</a>，第64頁.</li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDudenredaktionKleinerKnöbl201565-34"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDudenredaktionKleinerKn%C3%B6bl201565_34-0">^</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFDudenredaktionKleinerKn%C3%B6bl2015">Dudenredaktion, Kleiner & Knöbl (2015)</a>，第65頁.</li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDudenredaktionKleinerKnöbl201534,_65-35"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDudenredaktionKleinerKn%C3%B6bl201534,_65_35-0">^</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFDudenredaktionKleinerKn%C3%B6bl2015">Dudenredaktion, Kleiner & Knöbl (2015)</a>，第34, 65頁.</li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERogersd'Arcangeli2004119-36"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERogersd'Arcangeli2004119_36-0">^</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFRogersd'Arcangeli2004">Rogers & d'Arcangeli (2004)</a>，第119頁.</li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJolkesky2009676–677,_682-37"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJolkesky2009676%E2%80%93677,_682_37-0">^</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFJolkesky2009">Jolkesky (2009)</a>，第676–677, 682頁.</li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGussenhovenAarts1999159-38"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGussenhovenAarts1999159_38-0">^</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFGussenhovenAarts1999">Gussenhoven & Aarts (1999)</a>，第159頁.</li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeters2006119-39"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeters2006119_39-0">^</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFPeters2006">Peters (2006)</a>，第119頁.</li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerhoeven2007221-40"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerhoeven2007221_40-0">^</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFVerhoeven2007">Verhoeven (2007)</a>，第221頁.</li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStone2002600-41">^ <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStone2002600_41-0">41.0</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStone2002600_41-1">41.1</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFStone2002">Stone (2002)</a>，第600頁.</li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGillesTrouvain201370-42">^ <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGillesTrouvain201370_42-0">42.0</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGillesTrouvain201370_42-1">42.1</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFGillesTrouvain2013">Gilles & Trouvain (2013)</a>，第70頁.</li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-43">^</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFFriedman2001">Friedman (2001</a>:10頁)</li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-44">^</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFLunt1952">Lunt (1952</a>:10–11頁)</li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaugen200430-45"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaugen200430_45-0">^</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFHaugen2004">Haugen (2004)</a>，第30頁.</li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJassem2003105-46"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJassem2003105_46-0">^</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFJassem2003">Jassem (2003)</a>，第105頁.</li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECruz-Ferreira199591-47"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECruz-Ferreira199591_47-0">^</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFCruz-Ferreira1995">Cruz-Ferreira (1995)</a>，第91頁.</li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-48">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20141215091040/http://www.pucminas.br/imagedb/mestrado_doutorado/publicacoes/PUA_ARQ_ARQUI20121017151454.pdf">Variação inter- e intra-dialetal no português brasileiro: um problema para a teoria fonológica – Seung-Hwa LEE & Marco A. de Oliveira</a> (PDF). [2021-01-11]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.pucminas.br/imagedb/mestrado_doutorado/publicacoes/PUA_ARQ_ARQUI20121017151454.pdf">原始内容</a> (PDF)存档于2014-12-15）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3&rft.btitle=Varia%C3%A7%C3%A3o+inter-+e+intra-dialetal+no+portugu%C3%AAs+brasileiro%3A+um+problema+para+a+teoria+fonol%C3%B3gica+%E2%80%93+Seung-Hwa+LEE+%26+Marco+A.+de+Oliveira&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pucminas.br%2Fimagedb%2Fmestrado_doutorado%2Fpublicacoes%2FPUA_ARQ_ARQUI20121017151454.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-49">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://cl.up.pt/arquivo/como/tabela_fenomenos.pdf">Lista das marcas dialetais e ouros fenómenos de variação (fonética e fonológica) identificados nas amostras do Arquivo Dialetal do CLUP</a> (PDF). [2021-01-11]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20140306060343/http://cl.up.pt/arquivo/como/tabela_fenomenos.pdf">存档</a> (PDF)于2014-03-06）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3&rft.btitle=Lista+das+marcas+dialetais+e+ouros+fen%C3%B3menos+de+varia%C3%A7%C3%A3o+%28fon%C3%A9tica+e+fonol%C3%B3gica%29+identificados+nas+amostras+do+Arquivo+Dialetal+do+CLUP&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcl.up.pt%2Farquivo%2Fcomo%2Ftabela_fenomenos.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPop193829-50"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPop193829_50-0">^</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFPop1938">Pop (1938)</a>，第29頁.</li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJonesWard196941-51"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJonesWard196941_51-0">^</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFJonesWard1969">Jones & Ward (1969)</a>，第41頁.</li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFast_Mowitz19752-52"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFast_Mowitz19752_52-0">^</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFFast_Mowitz1975">Fast Mowitz (1975)</a>，第2頁.</li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEZamora_Vicente1967?-53">^ <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZamora_Vicente1967?_53-0">53.0</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZamora_Vicente1967?_53-1">53.1</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFZamora_Vicente1967">Zamora Vicente (1967)</a>，第?頁.</li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEngstrand1999140-54">^ <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEngstrand1999140_54-0">54.0</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEngstrand1999140_54-1">54.1</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFEngstrand1999">Engstrand (1999)</a>，第140頁.</li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGökselKerslake200510-55">^ <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEG%C3%B6kselKerslake200510_55-0">55.0</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEG%C3%B6kselKerslake200510_55-1">55.1</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFG%C3%B6kselKerslake2005">Göksel & Kerslake (2005)</a>，第10頁.</li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEZimmerOrgun1999155-56">^ <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZimmerOrgun1999155_56-0">56.0</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZimmerOrgun1999155_56-1">56.1</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFZimmerOrgun1999">Zimmer & Orgun (1999)</a>，第155頁.</li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDanyenkoVakulenko19954-57"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDanyenkoVakulenko19954_57-0">^</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFDanyenkoVakulenko1995">Danyenko & Vakulenko (1995)</a>，第4頁.</li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEŠewc-Schuster198420-58"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE%C5%A0ewc-Schuster198420_58-0">^</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREF%C5%A0ewc-Schuster1984">Šewc-Schuster (1984)</a>，第20頁.</li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETiersma199910-59"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETiersma199910_59-0">^</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFTiersma1999">Tiersma (1999)</a>，第10頁.</li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBamgboṣe1969166-60"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBamgbo%E1%B9%A3e1969166_60-0">^</a> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFBamgbo%E1%B9%A3e1969">Bamgboṣe (1969)</a>，第166頁. sfnp模板錯誤: 無指向目標: CITEREFBamgboṣe1969 (<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Category:%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E5%93%88%E4%BD%9B%E5%8F%82%E8%80%83%E6%96%87%E7%8C%AE%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%BF%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5%E6%8C%87%E5%90%91%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF%E7%9A%84%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Category:含有哈佛参考文献格式系列模板链接指向错误的页面">幫助</a>)</li> </ol> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <h2 id="參考文獻">參考文獻</h2> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：參考文獻" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> 编辑 </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r80540462">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}</style> <div class="refbegin columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2;"> <ul> <li><cite id="CITEREFÁrnason2011" class="citation">Árnason, Kristján, The Phonology of Icelandic and Faroese, Oxford University Press, 2011, <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-19-922931-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-19-922931-4">ISBN 978-0-19-922931-4</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3&rft.aufirst=Kristj%C3%A1n&rft.aulast=%C3%81rnason&rft.btitle=The+Phonology+of+Icelandic+and+Faroese&rft.date=2011&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-19-922931-4&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBamgboṣe1966" class="citation">Bamgboṣe, Ayọ, A Grammar of Yoruba, [West African Languages Survey / Institute of African Studies], Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1966</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3&rft.aufirst=Ay%E1%BB%8D&rft.aulast=Bamgbo%E1%B9%A3e&rft.btitle=A+Grammar+of+Yoruba&rft.date=1966&rft.genre=book&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBasbøll2005" class="citation"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Hans_Basb%C3%B8ll&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Hans Basbøll（页面不存在）">Basbøll, Hans</a>, The Phonology of Danish, 2005, <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0-203-97876-5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:网络书源/0-203-97876-5">ISBN 0-203-97876-5</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3&rft.aufirst=Hans&rft.aulast=Basb%C3%B8ll&rft.btitle=The+Phonology+of+Danish&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-203-97876-5&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBet_HashimBrown2000" class="citation">Bet Hashim, Suzanna; Brown, Adam, The [e] and [æ] vowels in Singapore English, Brown, Adam; Deterding, David; Ling, Low Ee Ling (编), The English Language in Singapore: Research on Pronunciation, Singapore: Singapore Association for Applied Linguistics: 84–92, 2000, <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/981-04-2598-8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:网络书源/981-04-2598-8">ISBN 981-04-2598-8</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3&rft.atitle=The+%5Be%5D+and+%5B%C3%A6%5D+vowels+in+Singapore+English&rft.au=Brown%2C+Adam&rft.aufirst=Suzanna&rft.aulast=Bet+Hashim&rft.btitle=The+English+Language+in+Singapore%3A+Research+on+Pronunciation&rft.date=2000&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=981-04-2598-8&rft.pages=84-92&rft.place=Singapore&rft.pub=Singapore+Association+for+Applied+Linguistics&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFCarbonellLlisterri1992" class="citation">Carbonell, Joan F.; Llisterri, Joaquim, Catalan, Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 1992, 22 (1–2): 53–56, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:249411809">S2CID 249411809</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1017%252FS0025100300004618">doi:10.1017/S0025100300004618</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3&rft.atitle=Catalan&rft.au=Llisterri%2C+Joaquim&rft.aufirst=Joan+F.&rft.aulast=Carbonell&rft.date=1992&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=1%E2%80%932&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+International+Phonetic+Association&rft.pages=53-56&rft.volume=22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A249411809&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0025100300004618&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFCollinsMees2003" class="citation">Collins, Beverley; Mees, Inger M., The Phonetics of English and Dutch 5th, Leiden: Brill Publishers, 2003 [First published 1981], <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9004103406?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:网络书源/9004103406">ISBN 9004103406</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3&rft.au=Mees%2C+Inger+M.&rft.aufirst=Beverley&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.btitle=The+Phonetics+of+English+and+Dutch&rft.date=2003&rft.edition=5th&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9004103406&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pub=Brill+Publishers&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFCollinsMees2013" class="citation">Collins, Beverley; Mees, Inger M., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DfaVJTQIw9eQC">Practical Phonetics and Phonology: A Resource Book for Students</a> 3rd, Routledge, 2013 [First published 2003], <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-415-50650-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-415-50650-2">ISBN 978-0-415-50650-2</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3&rft.au=Mees%2C+Inger+M.&rft.aufirst=Beverley&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.btitle=Practical+Phonetics+and+Phonology%3A+A+Resource+Book+for+Students&rft.date=2013&rft.edition=3rd&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-415-50650-2&rft.pub=Routledge&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfaVJTQIw9eQC&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFCruz-Ferreira1995" class="citation">Cruz-Ferreira, Madalena, European Portuguese, Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 1995, 25 (2): 90–94, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:249414876">S2CID 249414876</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1017%252FS0025100300005223">doi:10.1017/S0025100300005223</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3&rft.atitle=European+Portuguese&rft.aufirst=Madalena&rft.aulast=Cruz-Ferreira&rft.date=1995&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+International+Phonetic+Association&rft.pages=90-94&rft.volume=25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A249414876&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0025100300005223&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFDankovičová1999" class="citation">Dankovičová, Jana, Czech, Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press: 70–74, 1999, <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0-521-65236-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:网络书源/0-521-65236-7">ISBN 0-521-65236-7</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3&rft.atitle=Czech&rft.aufirst=Jana&rft.aulast=Dankovi%C4%8Dov%C3%A1&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+the+International+Phonetic+Association%3A+A+guide+to+the+use+of+the+International+Phonetic+Alphabet&rft.date=1999&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=0-521-65236-7&rft.pages=70-74&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFDanyenkoVakulenko1995" class="citation">Danyenko, Andrii; Vakulenko, Serhii, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DWUsbAQAAIAAJ">Ukrainian</a>, Lincom Europa, 1995 [2023-06-15], <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9783929075083?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:网络书源/9783929075083">ISBN 9783929075083</a>, （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20230421103813/https://books.google.com/books?id%3DWUsbAQAAIAAJ">存档</a>于2023-04-21）</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3&rft.au=Vakulenko%2C+Serhii&rft.aufirst=Andrii&rft.aulast=Danyenko&rft.btitle=Ukrainian&rft.date=1995&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9783929075083&rft.pub=Lincom+Europa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWUsbAQAAIAAJ&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFDudenredaktionKleinerKnöbl2015" class="citation">Dudenredaktion; Kleiner, Stefan; Knöbl, Ralf, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DT6vWCgAAQBAJ">Das Aussprachewörterbuch</a> 7th, Berlin: Dudenverlag, 2015 [First published 1962], <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-3-411-04067-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:网络书源/978-3-411-04067-4">ISBN 978-3-411-04067-4</a> （德语）</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3&rft.au=Dudenredaktion&rft.au=Kleiner%2C+Stefan&rft.au=Kn%C3%B6bl%2C+Ralf&rft.btitle=Das+Aussprachew%C3%B6rterbuch&rft.date=2015&rft.edition=7th&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-3-411-04067-4&rft.place=Berlin&rft.pub=Dudenverlag&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DT6vWCgAAQBAJ&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFDum-Tragut2009" class="citation">Dum-Tragut, Jasmine, Armenian: Modern Eastern Armenian, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2009</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3&rft.aufirst=Jasmine&rft.aulast=Dum-Tragut&rft.btitle=Armenian%3A+Modern+Eastern+Armenian&rft.date=2009&rft.genre=book&rft.place=Amsterdam&rft.pub=John+Benjamins+Publishing+Company&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFEngstrand1999" class="citation">Engstrand, Olle, Swedish, Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A Guide to the usage of the International Phonetic Alphabet., Cambridge: Cambridge University Press: 140–142, 1999, <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0-521-63751-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:网络书源/0-521-63751-1">ISBN 0-521-63751-1</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3&rft.atitle=Swedish&rft.aufirst=Olle&rft.aulast=Engstrand&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+the+International+Phonetic+Association%3A+A+Guide+to+the+usage+of+the+International+Phonetic+Alphabet.&rft.date=1999&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=0-521-63751-1&rft.pages=140-142&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFFast_Mowitz1975" class="citation">Fast Mowitz, Gerhard, Sistema fonológico del idioma achual, Lima: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, 1975</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3&rft.aufirst=Gerhard&rft.aulast=Fast+Mowitz&rft.btitle=Sistema+fonol%C3%B3gico+del+idioma+achual&rft.date=1975&rft.genre=book&rft.place=Lima&rft.pub=Instituto+Ling%C3%BC%C3%ADstico+de+Verano&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFFougeronSmith1993" class="citation">Fougeron, Cecile; Smith, Caroline L., French, Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 1993, 23 (2): 73–76, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:249404451">S2CID 249404451</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1017%252FS0025100300004874">doi:10.1017/S0025100300004874</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3&rft.atitle=French&rft.au=Smith%2C+Caroline+L.&rft.aufirst=Cecile&rft.aulast=Fougeron&rft.date=1993&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+International+Phonetic+Association&rft.pages=73-76&rft.volume=23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A249404451&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0025100300004874&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFFriedman2001" class="citation">Friedman, Victor, Macedonian, Garry, Jane; Rubino, Carl (编), Facts about the World's Languages: An Encyclopedia of the Worlds Major Languages, Past and Present, New York: Holt: 435–439, 2001</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3&rft.atitle=Macedonian&rft.aufirst=Victor&rft.aulast=Friedman&rft.btitle=Facts+about+the+World%27s+Languages%3A+An+Encyclopedia+of+the+Worlds+Major+Languages%2C+Past+and+Present&rft.date=2001&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.pages=435-439&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Holt&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFGillesTrouvain2013" class="citation">Gilles, Peter; Trouvain, Jürgen, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://orbilu.uni.lu/bitstream/10993/1143/1/Illustrations_Luxembourgish%2520-%252017%2520-%2520revised%2520version%2520after%25202nd%2520revision%2520-%2520mit%2520Bilder.pdf">Luxembourgish</a> (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 2013, 43 (1): 67–74 [2023-06-15], <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1017%252FS0025100312000278">doi:10.1017/S0025100312000278</a>  <noscript> <img alt="可免费查阅" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 9px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" data-alt="可免费查阅" data-width="9" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> , （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 9px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" data-alt="可免费查阅" data-width="9" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> , （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20210317011456/https://www.reed.edu/linguistics/khan/assets/Khan%25202010%2520Bengali%2520Bangladeshi%2520standard.pdf">存档</a> (PDF)于2021-03-17）</cite><span 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Podlipský, Václav Jonáš; Chládková, Kateřina, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.fon.hum.uva.nl/katerina/documents/illustration-of-Czech.pdf">Czech spoken in Bohemia and Moravia</a> (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 2012, 42 (2): 225–232 [2023-06-15], <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1017%252FS0025100312000102">doi:10.1017/S0025100312000102</a>  <noscript> <img alt="可免费查阅" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 9px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" data-alt="可免费查阅" data-width="9" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> , （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20180613141516/http://www.fon.hum.uva.nl/katerina/documents/illustration-of-Czech.pdf">存档</a> (PDF)于2018-06-13）</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3&rft.atitle=Czech+spoken+in+Bohemia+and+Moravia&rft.au=Chl%C3%A1dkov%C3%A1%2C+Kate%C5%99ina&rft.au=Podlipsk%C3%BD%2C+V%C3%A1clav+Jon%C3%A1%C5%A1&rft.aufirst=%C5%A0%C3%A1rka&rft.aulast=%C5%A0im%C3%A1%C4%8Dkov%C3%A1&rft.date=2012&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+International+Phonetic+Association&rft.pages=225-232&rft.volume=42&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fon.hum.uva.nl%2Fkaterina%2Fdocuments%2Fillustration-of-Czech.pdf&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0025100312000102&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFStone2002" class="citation">Stone, Gerald, Sorbian (Upper and Lower), Comrie, Bernard; 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(编), The Slavonic Languages, London and New York: Routledge: 593–685, 2002, <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780415280785?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:网络书源/9780415280785">ISBN 9780415280785</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3&rft.atitle=Sorbian+%28Upper+and+Lower%29&rft.aufirst=Gerald&rft.aulast=Stone&rft.btitle=The+Slavonic+Languages&rft.date=2002&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=9780415280785&rft.pages=593-685&rft.place=London+and+New+York&rft.pub=Routledge&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFTernesVladimirova-Buhtz1999" class="citation">Ternes, Elmer; Vladimirova-Buhtz, Tatjana, Bulgarian, Handbook of the International Phonetic Association, Cambridge University Press: 55–57, 1999, <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0-521-63751-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:网络书源/0-521-63751-1">ISBN 0-521-63751-1</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3&rft.atitle=Bulgarian&rft.au=Vladimirova-Buhtz%2C+Tatjana&rft.aufirst=Elmer&rft.aulast=Ternes&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+the+International+Phonetic+Association&rft.date=1999&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=0-521-63751-1&rft.pages=55-57&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFTiersma1999" class="citation">Tiersma, Peter Meijes, Frisian Reference Grammar 2nd, Ljouwert: Fryske Akademy, 1999 [First published 1985 in Dordrecht by Foris Publications], <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/90-6171-886-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:网络书源/90-6171-886-4">ISBN 90-6171-886-4</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3&rft.aufirst=Peter+Meijes&rft.aulast=Tiersma&rft.btitle=Frisian+Reference+Grammar&rft.date=1999&rft.edition=2nd&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=90-6171-886-4&rft.place=Ljouwert&rft.pub=Fryske+Akademy&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFTraunmüller1982" class="citation">Traunmüller, Hartmut, Vokalismus in der westniederösterreichischen Mundart., Zeitschrift für Dialektologie und Linguistik, 1982, 2: 289–333</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3&rft.atitle=Vokalismus+in+der+westnieder%C3%B6sterreichischen+Mundart.&rft.aufirst=Hartmut&rft.aulast=Traunm%C3%BCller&rft.date=1982&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Zeitschrift+f%C3%BCr+Dialektologie+und+Linguistik&rft.pages=289-333&rft.volume=2&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFVerhoeven2007" class="citation">Verhoeven, Jo, The Belgian Limburg dialect of Hamont, Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 2007, 37 (2): 219–225, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1017%252FS0025100307002940">doi:10.1017/S0025100307002940</a>  <noscript> <img alt="可免费查阅" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 9px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" data-alt="可免费查阅" data-width="9" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3&rft.atitle=The+Belgian+Limburg+dialect+of+Hamont&rft.aufirst=Jo&rft.aulast=Verhoeven&rft.date=2007&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+International+Phonetic+Association&rft.pages=219-225&rft.volume=37&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0025100307002940&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFWatkins2001" class="citation">Watkins, Justin W., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/334DD11C94575EF39A51109B008FB090/S0025100301002122a.pdf/burmese.pdf">Illustrations of the IPA: Burmese</a> (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 2001, 31 (2): 291–295 [2023-06-15], <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:232344700">S2CID 232344700</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1017%252FS0025100301002122">doi:10.1017/S0025100301002122</a>, （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20190804170542/https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/334DD11C94575EF39A51109B008FB090/S0025100301002122a.pdf/burmese.pdf">存档</a> (PDF)于2019-08-04）</cite><span 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Biblioteca Romanica Hispanica, Editorial Gredos, 1967, <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9788424911157?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:网络书源/9788424911157">ISBN 9788424911157</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3&rft.aufirst=Alonso&rft.aulast=Zamora+Vicente&rft.btitle=Dialectolog%C3%ADa+espa%C3%B1ola&rft.date=1967&rft.edition=2nd&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9788424911157&rft.pub=Biblioteca+Romanica+Hispanica%2C+Editorial+Gredos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D31BdAAAAMAAJ&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFZimmerOrgun1999" class="citation">Zimmer, Karl; Orgun, Orhan, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20180725111322/http://www.uta.edu/faculty/cmfitz/swnal/projects/CoLang/courses/Transcription/rosettaproject_tur_phon-2.pdf">Turkish</a> (PDF), Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press: 154–158, 1999 [2015-11-21], <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0-521-65236-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:网络书源/0-521-65236-7">ISBN 0-521-65236-7</a>, （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.uta.edu/faculty/cmfitz/swnal/projects/CoLang/courses/Transcription/rosettaproject_tur_phon-2.pdf">原始内容</a> (PDF)存档于2018-07-25）</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3&rft.atitle=Turkish&rft.au=Orgun%2C+Orhan&rft.aufirst=Karl&rft.aulast=Zimmer&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+the+International+Phonetic+Association%3A+A+guide+to+the+use+of+the+International+Phonetic+Alphabet&rft.date=1999&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=0-521-65236-7&rft.pages=154-158&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uta.edu%2Ffaculty%2Fcmfitz%2Fswnal%2Fprojects%2FCoLang%2Fcourses%2FTranscription%2Frosettaproject_tur_phon-2.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <h2 id="外部連結">外部連結</h2> <a role="button" 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class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ungerundeter_halboffener_Vorderzungenvokal" title="Ungerundeter halboffener Vorderzungenvokal – 瑞士德语" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Ungerundeter halboffener Vorderzungenvokal" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="瑞士德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vocal_semiubierta_anterior_no_arredondiada" title="Vocal semiubierta anterior no arredondiada – 阿拉贡语" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Vocal semiubierta anterior no arredondiada" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉贡语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B5%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A6%25D8%25AA_%25D8%25A3%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25D9%2585%25D9%258A_%25D9%2585%25D8%25AA%25D9%2588%25D8%25B3%25D8%25B7_%25D9%2585%25D9%2581%25D8%25AA%25D9%2588%25D8%25AD_%25D8%25BA%25D9%258A%25D8%25B1_%25D9%2585%25D8%25AF%25D9%2588%25D8%25B1" title="صائت أمامي متوسط مفتوح غير مدور – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="صائت أمامي متوسط مفتوح غير مدور" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259D%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B3%25D1%2583%25D0%25B1%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD%25D1%258B_%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BE%25D1%2581%25D0%25BD%25D1%258B_%25D0%25BF%25D1%258F%25D1%2580%25D1%258D%25D0%25B4%25D0%25BD%25D1%258F%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B0_%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B4%25D1%2583_%25D1%2581%25D1%258F%25D1%2580%25D1%258D%25D0%25B4%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B5-%25D0%25BD%25D1%2596%25D0%25B6%25D0%25BD%25D1%258F%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B0_%25D0%25BF%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B4%25E2%2580%2599%25D1%2591%25D0%25BC%25D1%2583" title="Неагублены галосны пярэдняга раду сярэдне-ніжняга пад’ёму – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Неагублены галосны пярэдняга раду сярэдне-ніжняга пад’ёму" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259F%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D1%2583%25D0%25BE%25D1%2582%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0_%25D0%25BF%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B4%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0_%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BA%25D1%2580%25D1%258A%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0_%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0" title="Полуотворена предна незакръглена гласна – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Полуотворена предна незакръглена гласна" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vogalenn_digor-etre_a-raok_plaen" title="Vogalenn digor-etre a-raok plaen – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Vogalenn digor-etre a-raok plaen" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polootev%25C5%2599en%25C3%25A1_p%25C5%2599edn%25C3%25AD_nezaokrouhlen%25C3%25A1_samohl%25C3%25A1ska" title="Polootevřená přední nezaokrouhlená samohláska – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Polootevřená přední nezaokrouhlená samohláska" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ungerundeter_halboffener_Vorderzungenvokal" title="Ungerundeter halboffener Vorderzungenvokal – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ungerundeter halboffener Vorderzungenvokal" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open-mid front unrounded vowel – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Open-mid front unrounded vowel" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target">English</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vocal_semiabierta_anterior_no_redondeada" title="Vocal semiabierta anterior no redondeada – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Vocal semiabierta anterior no redondeada" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lavea_puoliv%25C3%25A4lj%25C3%25A4_etuvokaali" title="Lavea puoliväljä etuvokaali – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Lavea puoliväljä etuvokaali" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voyelle_mi-ouverte_ant%25C3%25A9rieure_non_arrondie" title="Voyelle mi-ouverte antérieure non arrondie – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Voyelle mi-ouverte antérieure non arrondie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%25AA%25D7%25A0%25D7%2595%25D7%25A2%25D7%2594_%25D7%25A7%25D7%2593%25D7%259E%25D7%2599%25D7%25AA,_%25D7%2597%25D7%25A6%25D7%2599-%25D7%25A4%25D7%25AA%25D7%2595%25D7%2597%25D7%2594,_%25D7%2591%25D7%259C%25D7%25AA%25D7%2599-%25D7%259E%25D7%25A2%25D7%2595%25D7%2592%25D7%259C%25D7%25AA" title="תנועה קדמית, חצי-פתוחה, בלתי-מעוגלת – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תנועה קדמית, חצי-פתוחה, בלתי-מעוגלת" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AA%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A5%2583%25E0%25A4%25A4_%25E0%25A4%2585%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25A7%25E0%25A4%25B5%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25B5%25E0%25A5%2583%25E0%25A4%25A4_%25E0%25A4%2585%25E0%25A4%2597%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B5%25E0%25A4%25B0" title="प्रसृत अर्धविवृत अग्रस्वर – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="प्रसृत अर्धविवृत अग्रस्वर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vokal_takbulat_setengah_terbuka_depan" title="Vokal takbulat setengah terbuka depan – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Vokal takbulat setengah terbuka depan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vocale_anteriore_semiaperta_non_arrotondata" title="Vocale anteriore semiaperta non arrotondata – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Vocale anteriore semiaperta non arrotondata" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E9%259D%259E%25E5%2586%2586%25E5%2594%2587%25E5%2589%258D%25E8%2588%258C%25E5%258D%258A%25E5%25BA%2583%25E6%25AF%258D%25E9%259F%25B3" title="非円唇前舌半広母音 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="非円唇前舌半広母音" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EC%25A0%2584%25EC%2584%25A4_%25EB%25B9%2584%25EC%259B%2590%25EC%2588%259C_%25EC%25A4%2591%25EC%25A0%2580%25EB%25AA%25A8%25EC%259D%258C" title="전설 비원순 중저모음 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="전설 비원순 중저모음" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aop-midden_%25C3%25B3nger%25C3%25B3nje_veurklinker" title="Aop-midden óngerónje veurklinker – 林堡语" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Aop-midden óngerónje veurklinker" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259F%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D1%2583%25D0%25BE%25D1%2582%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0_%25D0%25BF%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B4%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0_%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B1%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0_%25D1%2581%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BC%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0" title="Полуотворена предна незаоблена самогласка – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Полуотворена предна незаоблена самогласка" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vokal_tak_bundar_depan_separuh_luas" title="Vokal tak bundar depan separuh luas – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Vokal tak bundar depan separuh luas" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2580%25A1%25E1%2580%259B%25E1%2580%25BE%25E1%2580%25B1%25E1%2580%25B7%25E1%2580%2590%25E1%2580%2585%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%259D%25E1%2580%2580%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%2596%25E1%2580%25BD%25E1%2580%2584%25E1%2580%25B7%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%25A1%25E1%2580%2595%25E1%2580%25BC%25E1%2580%2594%25E1%2580%25B7%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%259E%25E1%2580%259B" title="အရှေ့တစ်ဝက်ဖွင့်အပြန့်သရ – 缅甸语" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အရှေ့တစ်ဝက်ဖွင့်အပြန့်သရ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="缅甸语" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ongeronde_halfopen_voorklinker" title="Ongeronde halfopen voorklinker – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ongeronde halfopen voorklinker" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vocala_semiob%25C3%25A8rta_anteriora_non_arredondida" title="Vocala semiobèrta anteriora non arredondida – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Vocala semiobèrta anteriora non arredondida" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samog%25C5%2582oska_p%25C3%25B3%25C5%2582otwarta_przednia_niezaokr%25C4%2585glona" title="Samogłoska półotwarta przednia niezaokrąglona – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Samogłoska półotwarta przednia niezaokrąglona" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vogal_anterior_semiaberta_n%25C3%25A3o_arredondada" title="Vogal anterior semiaberta não arredondada – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Vogal anterior semiaberta não arredondada" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vocal%25C4%2583_semideschis%25C4%2583_anterioar%25C4%2583_nerotunjit%25C4%2583" title="Vocală semideschisă anterioară nerotunjită – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Vocală semideschisă anterioară nerotunjită" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259D%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B3%25D1%2583%25D0%25B1%25D0%25BB%25D1%2591%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BD%25D1%258B%25D0%25B9_%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D0%25BD%25D1%258B%25D0%25B9_%25D0%25BF%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B4%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BE_%25D1%2580%25D1%258F%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B0_%25D1%2581%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B4%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B5-%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B6%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BE_%25D0%25BF%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B4%25D1%258A%25D1%2591%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B0" title="Неогублённый гласный переднего ряда средне-нижнего подъёма – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Неогублённый гласный переднего ряда средне-нижнего подъёма" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open-mid front unrounded vowel – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Open-mid front unrounded vowel" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259F%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D1%2583%25D0%25BE%25D1%2582%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD_%25D0%25BF%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B4%25D1%259A%25D0%25B8_%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B8%25D1%2598%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B7%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD_%25D1%2581%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BC%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BA" title="Полуотворен предњи нелабијализован самогласник – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Полуотворен предњи нелабијализован самогласник" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mellan%25C3%25B6ppen_fr%25C3%25A4mre_orundad_vokal" title="Mellanöppen främre orundad vokal – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Mellanöppen främre orundad vokal" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yar%25C4%25B1_a%25C3%25A7%25C4%25B1k_%25C3%25B6n_d%25C3%25BCz_%25C3%25BCnl%25C3%25BC" title="Yarı açık ön düz ünlü – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yarı açık ön düz ünlü" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259D%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B3%25D1%2583%25D0%25B1%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B9_%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BE%25D1%2581%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B9_%25D0%25BF%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B4%25D0%25BD%25D1%258C%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BE_%25D1%2580%25D1%258F%25D0%25B4%25D1%2583_%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B7%25D1%258C%25D0%25BA%25D0%25BE%25D1%2581%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B4%25D0%25BD%25D1%258C%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BE_%25D0%25BF%25D1%2596%25D0%25B4%25D0%25BD%25D1%258F%25D1%2582%25D1%2582%25D1%258F" title="Неогублений голосний переднього ряду низькосереднього підняття – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Неогублений голосний переднього ряду низькосереднього підняття" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voca%25C5%2582e_anteriore_semiverta_no_rodondada" title="Vocałe anteriore semiverta no rodondada – 威尼斯语" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Vocałe anteriore semiverta no rodondada" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="威尼斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Po%25C3%25A0n_khai_ch%25C3%25AAng_put_o%25C3%25A2n-t%25C3%25BBn_bi%25C3%25B3-im" title="Poàn khai chêng put oân-tûn bió-im – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Poàn khai chêng put oân-tûn bió-im" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div 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<script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-5c59558b9d-8tc99","wgBackendResponseTime":295,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"2.725","walltime":"3.109","ppvisitednodes":{"value":65792,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":934211,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":174948,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":29,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":14,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":106869,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 2679.532 1 -total"," 40.41% 1082.760 1 Template:IPA_navigation"," 40.12% 1075.014 1 Template:Navbox_with_collapsible_groups"," 33.08% 886.446 4 Template:IPA_common"," 25.96% 695.616 251 Template:IPAlink/core"," 19.43% 520.719 179 Template:IPA_link"," 18.05% 483.723 1 Template:IPA_pulmonic_consonants"," 17.14% 459.288 1 Template:IPA_pulmonic_consonants/table"," 16.14% 432.413 45 Template:Lang"," 15.78% 422.775 47 Template:Category_handler"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.974","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":6975362,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFBamgboṣe1966\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBasbøll2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBet_HashimBrown2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCarbonellLlisterri1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCollinsMees2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCollinsMees2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCruz-Ferreira1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDankovičová1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDanyenkoVakulenko1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDudenredaktionKleinerKnöbl2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDum-Tragut2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEngstrand1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFast_Mowitz1975\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFougeronSmith1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFriedman2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGillesTrouvain2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGrønnum1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGussenhoven1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGussenhovenAarts1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGökselKerslake2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHall2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHaugen2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHughesTrudgill1979\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJassem2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJolkesky2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJonesWard1969\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKhan2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKohler1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLanham1967\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLin2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLodge2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLunt1952\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMannellCoxHarrington2009a\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMannellCoxHarrington2009b\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPeters2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPop1938\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRogersd\u0026#039;Arcangeli2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchmitt2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFScobbieGordeevaMatthews2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShostedChikovani2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStone2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTernesVladimirova-Buhtz1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTiersma1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTraunmüller1982\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVerhoeven2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWatkins2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZamora_Vicente1967\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZimmerOrgun1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFÁrnason2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFŠewc-Schuster1984\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFŠimáčkováPodlipskýChládková2012\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"-\"] = 1,\n [\"Angbr IPA\"] = 2,\n [\"Audio-IPA\"] = 9,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation\"] = 51,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 5,\n [\"Example needed\"] = 2,\n [\"Harvcoltxt\"] = 4,\n [\"IPA\"] = 52,\n [\"IPA navigation\"] = 1,\n [\"IPAblink\"] = 12,\n [\"IPAplink\"] = 5,\n [\"Infobox IPA\"] = 1,\n [\"Ipa\"] = 2,\n [\"Lang\"] = 45,\n [\"NoteTA\"] = 1,\n [\"Phoible\"] = 1,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 1,\n [\"Refend\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"SOWL\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfnp\"] = 63,\n [\"不圓唇元音\"] = 1,\n [\"前元音\"] = 1,\n [\"半開元音\"] = 1,\n [\"尖括号\"] = 2,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-5f59cc9d56-2wsz5","timestamp":"20241112110718","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script 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