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id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="その他の操作" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="個人用ツール" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">個人用ツール</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="利用者メニュー" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=ja.wikipedia.org&uselang=ja"><span>寄付</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5:%E3%82%A2%E3%82%AB%E3%82%A6%E3%83%B3%E3%83%88%E4%BD%9C%E6%88%90&returnto=%E5%BE%AE%E8%A6%96%E7%9A%84%E3%81%A8%E5%B7%A8%E8%A6%96%E7%9A%84" title="アカウントを作成してログインすることをお勧めしますが、必須ではありません"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>アカウント作成</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5:%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B0%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3&returnto=%E5%BE%AE%E8%A6%96%E7%9A%84%E3%81%A8%E5%B7%A8%E8%A6%96%E7%9A%84" title="ログインすることを推奨します。ただし、必須ではありません。 [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>ログイン</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ログアウトした編集者のページ <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A3%E3%82%AD%E3%83%9A%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%82%A2%E3%81%B8%E3%82%88%E3%81%86%E3%81%93%E3%81%9D" aria-label="編集の詳細"><span>もっと詳しく</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5:%E8%87%AA%E5%88%86%E3%81%AE%E6%8A%95%E7%A8%BF%E8%A8%98%E9%8C%B2" title="このIPアドレスからなされた編集の一覧 [y]" accesskey="y"><span>投稿記録</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5:%E3%83%88%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AF%E3%83%9A%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8" title="このIPアドレスからなされた編集についての議論 [n]" accesskey="n"><span>トーク</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="サイト"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目次" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目次</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">サイドバーに移動</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">非表示</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">ページ先頭</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-自然科学における微視的・巨視的" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#自然科学における微視的・巨視的"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>自然科学における微視的・巨視的</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-自然科学における微視的・巨視的-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-脚注" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#脚注"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>脚注</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-脚注-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-関連項目" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#関連項目"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>関連項目</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-関連項目-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部リンク" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部リンク"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>外部リンク</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部リンク-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目次" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="目次" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="目次の表示・非表示を切り替え" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">目次の表示・非表示を切り替え</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">微視的と巨視的</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="特定の記事の別の言語版に移動します。利用可能な言語19件" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-19" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">19の言語版</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microscopico" title="アラゴン語: Microscopico" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Microscopico" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="アラゴン語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="アラビア語: مقياس مجهري" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مقياس مجهري" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="アラビア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikroskopska_skala" title="ボスニア語: Mikroskopska skala" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Mikroskopska skala" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="ボスニア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nivell_microsc%C3%B2pic" title="カタロニア語: Nivell microscòpic" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Nivell microscòpic" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="カタロニア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8E%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%95%DB%8C_%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B1%DB%86%D8%B3%DA%A9%DB%86%D9%BE%DB%8C" title="中央クルド語: پێوانەی میکرۆسکۆپی" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پێوانەی میکرۆسکۆپی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中央クルド語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microscopic_scale" title="英語: Microscopic scale" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Microscopic scale" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nivel_microsc%C3%B3pico" title="スペイン語: Nivel microscópico" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Nivel microscópico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="スペイン語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%82%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%BE%DB%8C" title="ペルシア語: مقیاس میکروسکوپی" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مقیاس میکروسکوپی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="ペルシア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A3" title="ヒンディー語: अतिसूक्ष्म कण" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अतिसूक्ष्म कण" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="ヒンディー語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skala_mikroskopik" title="インドネシア語: Skala mikroskopik" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Skala mikroskopik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="インドネシア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sm%C3%A1s%C3%A6r" title="アイスランド語: Smásær" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Smásær" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="アイスランド語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%AE_%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%A3" title="パンジャブ語: ਅਤਿਸੂਖਮ ਕਣ" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਅਤਿਸੂਖਮ ਕਣ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="パンジャブ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escala_microsc%C3%B3pica" title="ポルトガル語: Escala microscópica" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Escala microscópica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="ポルトガル語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%27una_chhika" title="ケチュア語: T'una chhika" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="T'una chhika" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="ケチュア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scar%C4%83_microscopic%C4%83" title="ルーマニア語: Scară microscopică" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Scară microscopică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="ルーマニア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikroskopska_velikost" title="スロベニア語: Mikroskopska velikost" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Mikroskopska velikost" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="スロベニア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B1" title="ウクライナ語: Мікроскопічний масштаб" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мікроскопічний масштаб" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ウクライナ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C_%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%81" title="ウルドゥー語: خوردبینی پیمانہ" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="خوردبینی پیمانہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ウルドゥー語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E8%A7%80" title="中国語: 微觀" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="微觀" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="中国語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q38456#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="言語間リンクを編集" class="wbc-editpage">リンクを編集</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="名前空間"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E8%A6%96%E7%9A%84%E3%81%A8%E5%B7%A8%E8%A6%96%E7%9A%84" title="本文を閲覧 [c]" accesskey="c"><span>ページ</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E3%83%8E%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88:%E5%BE%AE%E8%A6%96%E7%9A%84%E3%81%A8%E5%B7%A8%E8%A6%96%E7%9A%84" rel="discussion" title="本文ページについての議論 [t]" accesskey="t"><span>ノート</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="別の言語に切り替える" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">日本語</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="表示"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E8%A6%96%E7%9A%84%E3%81%A8%E5%B7%A8%E8%A6%96%E7%9A%84"><span>閲覧</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" 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</nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="表示"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">表示</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">サイドバーに移動</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">非表示</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">（<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%AE%E8%A6%96%E7%9A%84&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="微視的">微視的</a>から転送）</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ja" dir="ltr"><p><b>微視的</b>（びしてき、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E" title="英語">英</a>: <span lang="en">microscopic</span><sup id="cite_ref-terms_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-terms-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>）とは、<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%89%E7%9C%BC" title="肉眼">肉眼</a>で見えない微小な物や<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8B" title="事">事</a><sup id="cite_ref-britannica_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。<b>ミクロスコピック</b>または<b>ミクロ</b><sup id="cite_ref-terms_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-terms-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>ともいい、通常は物の構成要素（<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90" title="分子">分子</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90" title="原子">原子</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E6%A0%B8" title="原子核">原子核</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%A0%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="素粒子">素粒子</a>）を意味する。<a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%95%E5%BE%AE%E9%8F%A1" title="顕微鏡">顕微鏡</a>で見られる大きさの物を対象とすることもある。広義には、一つの<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%93%E7%B3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="体系">体系</a>を構成する個々の要素またはその挙動も意味する<sup id="cite_ref-britannica_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>これに対して、<b>巨視的</b>（きょしてき、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E" title="英語">英</a>: <span lang="en">macroscopic</span><sup id="cite_ref-terms_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-terms-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>、<b>マクロ</b><sup id="cite_ref-terms_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-terms-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>）は、本来は肉眼で見える大きさの物や事柄を意味するが、分子、原子などの多数の集合体の意味として用いられている。巨視的な対象が<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B8%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="古典力学">古典力学</a>で記述されるのに対し、微視的な対象はしばしば<a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%BE%E4%BB%A3%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="現代物理学">現代物理学</a>である<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="量子力学">量子力学</a>での取り扱いを要する<sup id="cite_ref-britannica_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="自然科学における微視的・巨視的"><span id=".E8.87.AA.E7.84.B6.E7.A7.91.E5.AD.A6.E3.81.AB.E3.81.8A.E3.81.91.E3.82.8B.E5.BE.AE.E8.A6.96.E7.9A.84.E3.83.BB.E5.B7.A8.E8.A6.96.E7.9A.84"></span>自然科学における微視的・巨視的</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%AE%E8%A6%96%E7%9A%84%E3%81%A8%E5%B7%A8%E8%A6%96%E7%9A%84&action=edit&section=1" title="節を編集: 自然科学における微視的・巨視的"><span>編集</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>微視的な立場（ミクロ的な立場、単にミクロとも言う）は、サイズ的には、<a href="/wiki/%E3%83%97%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AF%E5%AE%9A%E6%95%B0" title="プランク定数">プランク定数</a> h を目安として、これが顕に出てくるような事象は微視的であると考えてよい。つまり、研究対象としての<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E8%B3%AA" title="物質">物質</a>（或いは<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E4%BD%93" title="物体">物体</a>）全体を扱う上で、その構成要素である原子、分子、或いは素粒子の立場（レベル）で<a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90" title="解析">解析</a>を行う視点を「微視的」と言う。 </p><p>これと対比される視点が、巨視的であり、通常、微視的な立場での<a href="/wiki/%E8%A6%B3%E6%B8%AC" title="観測">観測</a>対象である構成要素の総体的な<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%9D%87" title="平均">平均</a>（量）を扱う。巨視的な立場（マクロな立場、単にマクロとも言う）では、観測される量は通常<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%A3%E7%B6%9A%E9%87%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="連続量">連続量</a>（或いは連続に変化する量、例：<a href="/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%83%8D%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AE%E3%83%BC" title="エネルギー">エネルギー</a>や<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%AA%E9%87%8F" title="質量">質量</a>）である。一方、微視的な立場では、観測される量は普通離散的となる（例：原子内の電子の<a href="/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%83%8D%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AE%E3%83%BC%E6%BA%96%E4%BD%8D" title="エネルギー準位">エネルギー準位</a>）。 </p><p>微視的な立場での学問分野は、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%B1%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="統計力学">統計力学</a>や量子力学であり、一方、巨視的な立場での学問分野は、古典力学、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E7%A3%81%E6%B0%97%E5%AD%A6" title="電磁気学">電磁気学</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="熱力学">熱力学</a>などである。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="脚注"><span id=".E8.84.9A.E6.B3.A8"></span>脚注</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%AE%E8%A6%96%E7%9A%84%E3%81%A8%E5%B7%A8%E8%A6%96%E7%9A%84&action=edit&section=2" title="節を編集: 脚注"><span>編集</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint" style="float:right; font-size:90%;">[<a href="/wiki/Help:%E8%84%9A%E6%B3%A8/%E8%AA%AD%E8%80%85%E5%90%91%E3%81%91" title="Help:脚注/読者向け"><span title="この欄の操作法">脚注の使い方</span></a>]</div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-terms-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-terms_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-terms_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-terms_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-terms_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E9%83%A8%E7%9C%81" title="文部省">文部省</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6%E4%BC%9A" title="日本物理学会">日本物理学会</a> 編『<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%A6%E8%A1%93%E7%94%A8%E8%AA%9E%E9%9B%86" title="学術用語集">学術用語集</a>』 物理学編、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%B9%E9%A2%A8%E9%A4%A8" title="培風館">培風館</a>、1990年。<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r101121245">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation.cs-ja1 q,.mw-parser-output .citation.cs-ja2 q{quotes:"「""」""『""』"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:var(--color-success,#3a3);margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5:%E6%96%87%E7%8C%AE%E8%B3%87%E6%96%99/4-563-02195-4" title="特別:文献資料/4-563-02195-4">4-563-02195-4</a>。</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%5B%5B%E5%AD%A6%E8%A1%93%E7%94%A8%E8%AA%9E%E9%9B%86%5D%5D&rft.date=1990&rft.pub=%5B%5B%E5%9F%B9%E9%A2%A8%E9%A4%A8%5D%5D&rft.isbn=4-563-02195-4&rfr_id=info:sid/ja.wikipedia.org:%E5%BE%AE%E8%A6%96%E7%9A%84%E3%81%A8%E5%B7%A8%E8%A6%96%E7%9A%84"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-britannica-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-britannica_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannica_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannica_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%E3%83%96%E3%83%AA%E3%82%BF%E3%83%8B%E3%82%AB%E5%9B%BD%E9%9A%9B%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E4%BA%8B%E5%85%B8" title="ブリタニカ国際大百科事典">ブリタニカ国際大百科事典</a>-小項目電子辞書版。</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="関連項目"><span id=".E9.96.A2.E9.80.A3.E9.A0.85.E7.9B.AE"></span>関連項目</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%AE%E8%A6%96%E7%9A%84%E3%81%A8%E5%B7%A8%E8%A6%96%E7%9A%84&action=edit&section=3" title="節を編集: 関連項目"><span>編集</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E3%83%A1%E3%82%BE%E3%82%B9%E3%82%B3%E3%83%94%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E9%A0%98%E5%9F%9F" title="メゾスコピック領域">メゾスコピック領域</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E3%83%9F%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AD%E7%B5%8C%E6%B8%88%E5%AD%A6" title="ミクロ経済学">ミクロ経済学</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AD%E7%B5%8C%E6%B8%88%E5%AD%A6" title="マクロ経済学">マクロ経済学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%82%84%E5%85%83%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="還元主義">還元主義</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A4%87%E9%9B%91%E7%B3%BB" title="複雑系">複雑系</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部リンク"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E3.83.AA.E3.83.B3.E3.82.AF"></span>外部リンク</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%AE%E8%A6%96%E7%9A%84%E3%81%A8%E5%B7%A8%E8%A6%96%E7%9A%84&action=edit&section=4" title="節を編集: 外部リンク"><span>編集</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>『<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//kotobank.jp/word/%E5%BE%AE%E8%A6%96%E7%9A%84">微視的</a>』 - <a href="/wiki/%E3%82%B3%E3%83%88%E3%83%90%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AF" title="コトバンク">コトバンク</a></li> <li>『<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//kotobank.jp/word/%E5%B7%A8%E8%A6%96%E7%9A%84">巨視的</a>』 - <a href="/wiki/%E3%82%B3%E3%83%88%E3%83%90%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AF" title="コトバンク">コトバンク</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r96783592">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.90em;right:1em;display:none}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB:Nuvola_apps_kalzium.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="スタブアイコン" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Nuvola_apps_kalzium.png/30px-Nuvola_apps_kalzium.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Nuvola_apps_kalzium.png/45px-Nuvola_apps_kalzium.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Nuvola_apps_kalzium.png/60px-Nuvola_apps_kalzium.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span></td><td><p class="asbox-body">この項目は、<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="物理学">物理学</a>に関連した<b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%96" title="Wikipedia:スタブ">書きかけの項目</a></b>です。<a class="external text" href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%AE%E8%A6%96%E7%9A%84%E3%81%A8%E5%B7%A8%E8%A6%96%E7%9A%84&action=edit">この項目を加筆・訂正</a>などしてくださる<a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6%E9%96%A2%E9%80%A3%E3%81%AE%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%96%E9%A0%85%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:物理学関連のスタブ項目">協力者を求めています</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E3%83%97%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A7%E3%82%AF%E3%83%88:%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="プロジェクト:物理学">プロジェクト:物理学</a>／<a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="Portal:物理学">Portal:物理学</a>）。</p></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r103358373">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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<span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>19の言語版</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon 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