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Available in 20 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-20" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">20 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85_%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="عالم كيمياء حيوية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عالم كيمياء حيوية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioqu%C3%ADmicu" title="Bioquímicu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Bioquímicu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A6" title="প্রাণরসায়নবিদ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="প্রাণরসায়নবিদ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biochemiker" title="Biochemiker – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Biochemiker" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biokeemik" title="Biokeemik – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Biokeemik" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86" title="بیوشیمی‌دان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بیوشیمی‌دان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bithcheimiceoir" title="Bithcheimiceoir – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Bithcheimiceoir" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bith-cheimigear" title="Bith-cheimigear – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Bith-cheimigear" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%83%9D%ED%99%94%ED%95%99%EC%9E%90" title="생화학자 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="생화학자" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biochimico" title="Biochimico – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Biochimico" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%99" title="ביוכימאי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ביוכימאי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biokjemiker" title="Biokjemiker – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Biokjemiker" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biokimyogar" title="Biokimyogar – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Biokimyogar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioqu%C3%ADmico" title="Bioquímico – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Bioquímico" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biochimist" title="Biochimist – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Biochimist" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Биохимик – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Биохимик" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biokimisti" title="Biokimisti – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Biokimisti" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biochemist" title="Biochemist – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Biochemist" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biokemist" title="Biokemist – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Biokemist" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4" title="జీవరసాయనవేత్త – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="జీవరసాయనవేత్త" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2919046#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit 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href="/wiki/File:Biochemist_working_in_biochemical_laboratory,_%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Biochemist_working_in_biochemical_laboratory%2C_%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80_3.jpg/250px-Biochemist_working_in_biochemical_laboratory%2C_%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Biochemist_working_in_biochemical_laboratory%2C_%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80_3.jpg/330px-Biochemist_working_in_biochemical_laboratory%2C_%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Biochemist_working_in_biochemical_laboratory%2C_%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80_3.jpg/500px-Biochemist_working_in_biochemical_laboratory%2C_%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4160" data-file-height="3120" /></a><figcaption>Biochemist working in biochemical laboratory</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066933788">.mw-parser-output .excerpt-hat .mw-editsection-like{font-style:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="border:1px solid light-dark(#A2B8BF, #384d55)"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:light-dark(#92D3E8,#004055) !important; padding:0.2em; font-size:175%; font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Biochemistry" title="Biochemistry">Biochemistry</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Myoglobin.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Myoglobin.png/220px-Myoglobin.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Myoglobin.png/330px-Myoglobin.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Myoglobin.png/440px-Myoglobin.png 2x" data-file-width="1159" data-file-height="1173" /></a></span><div class="sidebar-caption" style="padding:0 0 0.8em;"><b>Chemistry of life</b></div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above" style="padding:0.15em 0.15em 0.25em; display:block; background-color: transparent; border-color: light-dark(#A2B8BF, #384d55)"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_biochemistry_articles" title="Index of biochemistry articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_biochemistry" title="Outline of biochemistry">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_biochemistry" title="History of biochemistry">History</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em; border-bottom:1px solid light-dark(#A2B8BF, #384d55)"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;font-size:100%;font-weight:bold;;color: var(--color-base)">Key components</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biomolecule" title="Biomolecule">Biomolecules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enzyme" title="Enzyme">Enzymes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gene_expression" title="Gene expression">Gene expression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metabolism" title="Metabolism">Metabolism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em; border-bottom:1px solid light-dark(#A2B8BF, #384d55)"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;font-size:100%;font-weight:bold;;color: var(--color-base)">List of biochemists</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Biochemist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_biochemists" title="List of biochemists">List of biochemists</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em; border-bottom:1px solid light-dark(#A2B8BF, #384d55)"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;font-size:100%;font-weight:bold;;color: var(--color-base)">Biomolecule families</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><i><u><a href="/wiki/Carbohydrates" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbohydrates">Carbohydrates</a>:</u></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohols" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcohols">Alcohols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glycoproteins" class="mw-redirect" title="Glycoproteins">Glycoproteins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glycosides" class="mw-redirect" title="Glycosides">Glycosides</a></li> <li><i><u><a href="/wiki/Lipids" class="mw-redirect" title="Lipids">Lipids</a>:</u></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eicosanoids" class="mw-redirect" title="Eicosanoids">Eicosanoids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatty_acids" class="mw-redirect" title="Fatty acids">Fatty acids</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fatty-acid_metabolism" class="mw-redirect" title="Fatty-acid metabolism">Fatty-acid metabolism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glycerides" class="mw-redirect" title="Glycerides">Glycerides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phospholipids" class="mw-redirect" title="Phospholipids">Phospholipids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sphingolipids" class="mw-redirect" title="Sphingolipids">Sphingolipids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cholesterol" title="Cholesterol">Cholesterol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steroids" class="mw-redirect" title="Steroids">Steroids</a></li> <li><u><i><a href="/wiki/Nucleic_acids" class="mw-redirect" title="Nucleic acids">Nucleic acids</a>:</i></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nucleobases" class="mw-redirect" title="Nucleobases">Nucleobases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nucleosides" class="mw-redirect" title="Nucleosides">Nucleosides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nucleotides" class="mw-redirect" title="Nucleotides">Nucleotides</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nucleotide_metabolism" class="mw-redirect" title="Nucleotide metabolism">Nucleotide metabolism</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><u><a href="/wiki/Proteins" class="mw-redirect" title="Proteins">Proteins</a>:</u></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amino_acids" class="mw-redirect" title="Amino acids">Amino acids</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amino_acid_metabolism" class="mw-redirect" title="Amino acid metabolism">Amino acid metabolism</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><u>Other:</u></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrapyrroles" class="mw-redirect" title="Tetrapyrroles">Tetrapyrroles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heme" title="Heme">Heme</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em; border-bottom:1px solid light-dark(#A2B8BF, #384d55)"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;font-size:100%;font-weight:bold;;color: var(--color-base)">Chemical synthesis</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_gene_synthesis" title="Artificial gene synthesis">Artificial gene synthesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biomimetic_synthesis" title="Biomimetic synthesis">Biomimetic synthesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bioretrosynthesis" title="Bioretrosynthesis">Bioretrosynthesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biosynthesis" title="Biosynthesis">Biosynthesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemosynthesis_(nanotechnology)" title="Chemosynthesis (nanotechnology)">Chemosynthesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convergent_synthesis" title="Convergent synthesis">Convergent synthesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Custom_peptide_synthesis" title="Custom peptide synthesis">Custom peptide synthesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_process" title="Direct process">Direct process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divergent_synthesis" title="Divergent synthesis">Divergent synthesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrosynthesis" title="Electrosynthesis">Electrosynthesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enantioselective_synthesis" title="Enantioselective synthesis">Enantioselective synthesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fully_automated_synthesis" class="mw-redirect" title="Fully automated synthesis">Fully automated synthesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrothermal_synthesis" title="Hydrothermal synthesis">Hydrothermal synthesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laser_ablation_synthesis_in_solution" title="Laser ablation synthesis in solution">LASiS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mechanosynthesis" title="Mechanosynthesis">Mechanosynthesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-pot_synthesis" title="One-pot synthesis">One-pot synthesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organic_synthesis" title="Organic synthesis">Organic synthesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peptide_synthesis" title="Peptide synthesis">Peptide synthesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiosynthesis" title="Radiosynthesis">Radiosynthesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retrosynthetic_analysis" title="Retrosynthetic analysis">Retrosynthesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semisynthesis" title="Semisynthesis">Semisynthesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solid-phase_synthesis" title="Solid-phase synthesis">Solid-phase synthesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solvothermal_synthesis" title="Solvothermal synthesis">Solvothermal synthesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Total_synthesis" title="Total synthesis">Total synthesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volume_combustion_synthesis" title="Volume combustion synthesis">Volume combustion synthesis</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em; border-bottom:1px solid light-dark(#A2B8BF, #384d55)"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;font-size:100%;font-weight:bold;;color: var(--color-base)">Biochemistry fields</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Molecular_biology" title="Molecular biology">Molecular biology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cell_biology" title="Cell biology">Cell biology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_biology" title="Chemical biology">Chemical biology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bioorthogonal_chemistry" title="Bioorthogonal chemistry">Bioorthogonal chemistry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medicinal_chemistry" title="Medicinal chemistry">Medicinal chemistry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pharmacology" title="Pharmacology">Pharmacology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinical_chemistry" title="Clinical chemistry">Clinical chemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurochemistry" title="Neurochemistry">Neurochemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bioorganic_chemistry" title="Bioorganic chemistry">Bioorganic chemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bioorganometallic_chemistry" title="Bioorganometallic chemistry">Bioorganometallic chemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bioinorganic_chemistry" title="Bioinorganic chemistry">Bioinorganic chemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biophysical_chemistry" title="Biophysical chemistry">Biophysical chemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bacteriology" title="Bacteriology">Bacteriology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parasitology" title="Parasitology">parasitology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virology" title="Virology">virology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immunology" title="Immunology">immunology</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em; border-bottom:1px solid light-dark(#A2B8BF, #384d55)"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;font-size:100%;font-weight:bold;;color: var(--color-base)">Glossaries</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_biology" title="Glossary of biology">Glossary of biology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_chemistry_terms" title="Glossary of chemistry terms">Glossary of chemistry</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below hlist" style="background-color: light-dark(#92D3E8,#004055); border-color: light-dark(#A2B8BF, #384d55);"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Biochemistry" title="Category:Biochemistry">Category</a></span></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Biochemistry_sidebar" title="Template:Biochemistry sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Biochemistry_sidebar" title="Template talk:Biochemistry sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Biochemistry_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Biochemistry sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Biochemists</b> are scientists who are trained in <a href="/wiki/Biochemistry" title="Biochemistry">biochemistry</a>. They study chemical processes and chemical transformations in living <a href="/wiki/Organisms" class="mw-redirect" title="Organisms">organisms</a>. Biochemists study <a href="/wiki/DNA" title="DNA">DNA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Proteins" class="mw-redirect" title="Proteins">proteins</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cell_(biology)" title="Cell (biology)">cell</a> parts. The word "biochemist" is a <a href="/wiki/Portmanteau" class="mw-redirect" title="Portmanteau">portmanteau</a> of "biological chemist." </p><p>Biochemists also research how certain <a href="/wiki/Chemical_reactions" class="mw-redirect" title="Chemical reactions">chemical reactions</a> happen in cells and <a href="/wiki/Tissue_(biology)" title="Tissue (biology)">tissues</a> and observe and record the effects of <a href="/wiki/Product_(chemistry)" title="Product (chemistry)">products</a> in <a href="/wiki/Food_additives" class="mw-redirect" title="Food additives">food additives</a> and <a href="/wiki/Medication" title="Medication">medicines</a>. </p><p>Biochemist researchers focus on playing and constructing <a href="/wiki/Research" title="Research">research</a> <a href="/wiki/Experiments" class="mw-redirect" title="Experiments">experiments</a>, mainly for developing new products, updating existing products and analyzing said products. It is also the responsibility of a biochemist to present their research findings and create <a href="/wiki/Grant_writing" title="Grant writing">grant proposals</a> to obtain <a href="/wiki/Funding_of_science" title="Funding of science">funds</a> for future research.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Biochemists study aspects of the <a href="/wiki/Immune_system" title="Immune system">immune system</a>, the expressions of <a href="/wiki/Genes" class="mw-redirect" title="Genes">genes</a>, isolating, analyzing, and synthesizing different products, mutations that lead to <a href="/wiki/Cancers" class="mw-redirect" title="Cancers">cancers</a>, and manage <a href="/wiki/Laboratory" title="Laboratory">laboratory</a> teams and monitor laboratory work. Biochemists also have to have the capabilities of designing and building laboratory equipment and devise new methods of producing correct results for products.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The most common industry role is the development of biochemical products and processes. Identifying substances' chemical and physical properties in <a href="/wiki/Biological_systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Biological systems">biological systems</a> is of great importance, and can be carried out by doing various types of analysis. Biochemists must also prepare technical reports after collecting, analyzing and summarizing the information and trends found. </p><p>In biochemistry, researchers often break down complicated biological systems into their component parts. They study the effects of foods, drugs, <a href="/wiki/Allergens" class="mw-redirect" title="Allergens">allergens</a> and other substances on living tissues; they research <a href="/wiki/Molecular_biology" title="Molecular biology">molecular biology</a>, the study of life at the molecular level and the study of genes and gene expression; and they study chemical reactions in <a href="/wiki/Metabolism" title="Metabolism">metabolism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cell_growth" title="Cell growth">growth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reproduction" title="Reproduction">reproduction</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Heredity" title="Heredity">heredity</a>, and apply techniques drawn from <a href="/wiki/Biotechnology" title="Biotechnology">biotechnology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Genetic_engineering" title="Genetic engineering">genetic engineering</a> to help them in their research. About 75% work in either basic or applied research; those in <a href="/wiki/Applied_research" class="mw-redirect" title="Applied research">applied research</a> take <a href="/wiki/Basic_research" title="Basic research">basic research</a> and employ it for the benefit of <a href="/wiki/Medicine" title="Medicine">medicine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">agriculture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Veterinary_science" class="mw-redirect" title="Veterinary science">veterinary science</a>, <a href="/wiki/Environmental_science" title="Environmental science">environmental science</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Manufacturing" title="Manufacturing">manufacturing</a>. Each of these fields allows specialization; for example, clinical biochemists can work in <a href="/wiki/Medical_laboratory" title="Medical laboratory">hospital laboratories</a> to understand and treat <a href="/wiki/Diseases" class="mw-redirect" title="Diseases">diseases</a>, and industrial biochemists can be involved in analytical research work, such as checking the purity of <a href="/wiki/Food" title="Food">food</a> and <a href="/wiki/Beverages" class="mw-redirect" title="Beverages">beverages</a>. </p><p>Biochemists in the field of agriculture research the interactions between <a href="/wiki/Herbicides" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbicides">herbicides</a> with <a href="/wiki/Plants" class="mw-redirect" title="Plants">plants</a>. They examine the relationships of <a href="/wiki/Chemical_compound" title="Chemical compound">compounds</a>, determining their ability to inhibit growth, and evaluate the <a href="/wiki/Toxicology" title="Toxicology">toxicological</a> effects surrounding life. </p><p>Biochemists also prepare <a href="/wiki/Compounding" title="Compounding">pharmaceutical compounds</a> for commercial distribution. </p><p>Modern biochemistry is considered a sub-discipline of the <a href="/wiki/Biology" title="Biology">biological sciences</a>, due to its increased reliance on, and training, in accord with modern <a href="/wiki/Molecular_biology" title="Molecular biology">molecular biology</a>. Historically, even before the term <i>biochemist</i> was formally recognized, initial studies were performed by those trained in basic <a href="/wiki/Chemistry" title="Chemistry">chemistry</a>, but also by those trained as <a href="/wiki/Physicians" class="mw-redirect" title="Physicians">physicians</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Training">Training</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biochemist&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Training"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some of the job skills and abilities that one needs to attain to be successful in this field of work include <a href="/wiki/Science" title="Science">science</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mathematics" title="Mathematics">mathematics</a>, reading comprehension, writing, and <a href="/wiki/Critical_thinking" title="Critical thinking">critical thinking</a>. These skills are critical because of the nature of the experimental techniques of the occupation. One will also need to convey trends found in research in written and oral forms. </p><p>A degree in biochemistry or a related science such as <a href="/wiki/Chemistry" title="Chemistry">chemistry</a> is the minimum requirement for any work in this field. This is sufficient for a position as a technical assistant in industry or in academic settings. A <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy" title="Doctor of Philosophy">Ph.D.</a> (or equivalent) is generally required to pursue or direct independent research. To advance further in commercial environments, one may need to acquire skills in <a href="/wiki/Management" title="Management">management</a>. </p><p>Biochemists must pass a qualifying exam or a preliminary exam to continue their studies when receiving a Ph.D. in biochemistry. </p><p>Biochemistry requires an understanding of <a href="/wiki/Organic_chemistry" title="Organic chemistry">organic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Inorganic_chemistry" title="Inorganic chemistry">inorganic chemistry</a>. All types of chemistry are required, with emphasis on biochemistry, organic chemistry and <a href="/wiki/Physical_chemistry" title="Physical chemistry">physical chemistry</a>. Basic classes in <a href="/wiki/Biology" title="Biology">biology</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Microbiology" title="Microbiology">microbiology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Molecular_biology" title="Molecular biology">molecular biology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Molecular_genetics" title="Molecular genetics">molecular genetics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cell_biology" title="Cell biology">cell biology</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Genomics" title="Genomics">genomics</a>, are focused on. Some instruction in experimental techniques and quantification is also part of most curricula. </p><p>In the private industries for businesses, it is imperative to possess strong business management skills as well as communication skills. Biochemists must also be familiar with regulatory rules and management techniques.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Due to the reliance on most principles of the basic science of Biochemistry, early contemporary <a href="/wiki/Physicians" class="mw-redirect" title="Physicians">physicians</a> were informally qualified to perform research on their own in mainly this (today also related <a href="/wiki/Biomedical_research" class="mw-redirect" title="Biomedical research">biomedical sciences</a>) field. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Employment">Employment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biochemist&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Employment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Biochemists are typically employed in the <a href="/wiki/Life_sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Life sciences">life sciences</a>, where they work in the <a href="/wiki/Pharmaceutical" class="mw-redirect" title="Pharmaceutical">pharmaceutical</a> or <a href="/wiki/Biotechnology" title="Biotechnology">biotechnology</a> industry in a research role. They are also employed in academic institutes, where in addition to pursuing their research, they may also be involved with teaching undergraduates, training graduate students, and collaborating with post-doctoral fellows. </p><p>The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) estimates that jobs in the biochemist, combined with the statistics of biophysicists, field would increase by 31% between 2004 and 2014 because of the demand in medical research and development of new drugs and products, and the preservation of the environment. </p><p>Because of a biochemists' background in both biology and chemistry, they may also be employed in the medical, industrial, governmental, and environmental fields. Slightly more than half of the biological scientists are employed by the Federal State and local governments. The field of medicine includes <a href="/wiki/Nutrition" title="Nutrition">nutrition</a>, <a href="/wiki/Genetics" title="Genetics">genetics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biophysics" title="Biophysics">biophysics</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pharmacology" title="Pharmacology">pharmacology</a>; industry includes beverage and food technology, <a href="/wiki/Toxicology" title="Toxicology">toxicology</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vaccine" title="Vaccine">vaccine</a> production; while the governmental and environmental fields includes <a href="/wiki/Forensic_science" title="Forensic science">forensic science</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wildlife_management" title="Wildlife management">wildlife management</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marine_biology" title="Marine biology">marine biology</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Viticulture" title="Viticulture">viticulture</a>. </p><p>The average income of a biochemist was $82,150 in 2017. The range of the salaries begin around 44,640 to 153,810, reported in 2017. The Federal Government in 2005 reported the average salaries in different fields associated with biochemistry and being a biochemist. General biological scientists in nonsupervisory, supervisory, and managerial positions earned an average salary of $69,908; microbiologists, $80,798; ecologists, $72,021; physiologists, $93,208; geneticists, $85,170; zoologists, $101,601; and botanists, $62,207.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biochemist&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_biochemists" title="List of biochemists">List of biochemists</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biochemist&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciencebuddies.org/science-fair-projects/science-engineering-careers/BioChem_biochemist_c001.shtml#onthejob">"Biochemist"</a>. Science Buddies<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 February</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Biochemist&rft.pub=Science+Buddies&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencebuddies.org%2Fscience-fair-projects%2Fscience-engineering-careers%2FBioChem_biochemist_c001.shtml%23onthejob&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABiochemist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.myplan.com/careers/biochemists-and-biophysicists/summary-19-1021.00.html">"Biochemistry & Biophysicists"</a>. My Plan<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 February</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Biochemistry+%26+Biophysicists&rft.pub=My+Plan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.myplan.com%2Fcareers%2Fbiochemists-and-biophysicists%2Fsummary-19-1021.00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABiochemist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://education-portal.com/biochemistry_training.html">"Biochemistry Training Programs and Requirements"</a>. Education Portal<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 February</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Biochemistry+Training+Programs+and+Requirements&rft.pub=Education+Portal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feducation-portal.com%2Fbiochemistry_training.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABiochemist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Biochemistry" American Chemical Society - The World's Largest Scientific Society. ACS, n.d. Web. 20 Feb. 2013.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biochemist&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output 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