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membrane</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: silica membrane"> <meta name="keywords" content="silica membrane"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="silica membrane"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 1573</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: silica membrane</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1333</span> Optimization of Samarium Extraction via Nanofluid-Based Emulsion Liquid Membrane Using Cyanex 272 as Mobile Carrier</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maliheh%20Raji">Maliheh Raji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hossein%20Abolghasemi"> Hossein Abolghasemi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jaber%20Safdari"> Jaber Safdari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Kargari"> Ali Kargari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Samarium as a rare-earth element is playing a growing important role in high technology. Traditional methods for extraction of rare earth metals such as ion exchange and solvent extraction have disadvantages of high investment and high energy consumption. Emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) as an improved solvent extraction technique is an effective transport method for separation of various compounds from aqueous solutions. In this work, the extraction of samarium from aqueous solutions by ELM was investigated using response surface methodology (RSM). The organic membrane phase of the ELM was a nanofluid consisted of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), Span80 as surfactant, Cyanex 272 as mobile carrier, and kerosene as base fluid. 1 M nitric acid solution was used as internal aqueous phase. The effects of the important process parameters on samarium extraction were investigated, and the values of these parameters were optimized using the Central Composition Design (CCD) of RSM. These parameters were the concentration of MWCNT in nanofluid, the carrier concentration, and the volume ratio of organic membrane phase to internal phase (Roi). The three-dimensional (3D) response surfaces of samarium extraction efficiency were obtained to visualize the individual and interactive effects of the process variables. A regression model for % extraction was developed, and its adequacy was evaluated. The result shows that % extraction improves by using MWCNT nanofluid in organic membrane phase and extraction efficiency of 98.92% can be achieved under the optimum conditions. In addition, demulsification was successfully performed and the recycled membrane phase was proved to be effective in the optimum condition. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cyanex%20272" title="Cyanex 272">Cyanex 272</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emulsion%20liquid%20membrane" title=" emulsion liquid membrane"> emulsion liquid membrane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MWCNT%20nanofluid" title=" MWCNT nanofluid"> MWCNT nanofluid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=response%20surface%20methology" title=" response surface methology"> response surface methology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samarium" title=" Samarium"> Samarium</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66257/optimization-of-samarium-extraction-via-nanofluid-based-emulsion-liquid-membrane-using-cyanex-272-as-mobile-carrier" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66257.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">424</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1332</span> Potentiometric Determination of Moxifloxacin in Some Pharmaceutical Formulation Using PVC Membrane Sensors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20M.%20Hefnawy">M. M. Hefnawy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20M.%20A.%20Homoda"> A. M. A. Homoda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20A.%20Abounassif"> M. A. Abounassif</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20M.%20Alanazia"> A. M. Alanazia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Al-Majed"> A. Al-Majed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gamal%20A.%20E.%20Mostafa"> Gamal A. E. Mostafa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> PVC membrane sensors using different approach e.g. ion-pair, ionophore, and Schiff-base has been used as testing membrane sensor. Analytical applications of membrane sensors for direct measurement of variety of different ions in complex biological and environmental sample are reported. The most important step of such PVC membrane sensor is the sensing active material. The potentiometric sensors have some outstanding advantages including simple design, operation, wide linear dynamic range, relative fast response time, and rotational selectivity. The analytical applications of these techniques to pharmaceutical compounds in dosage forms are also discussed. The construction and electrochemical response characteristics of Poly (vinyl chloride) membrane sensors for moxifloxacin HCl (MOX) are described. The sensing membranes incorporate ion association complexes of moxifloxacin cation and sodium tetraphenyl borate (NaTPB) (sensor 1), phosphomolybdic acid (PMA) (sensor 2) or phosphotungstic acid (PTA) (sensor 3) as electroactive materials. The sensors display a fast, stable and near-Nernstian response over a relative wide moxifloxacin concentration range (1 ×10-2-4.0×10-6, 1 × 10-2-5.0×10-6, 1 × 10-2-5.0×10-6 M), with detection limits of 3×10-6, 4×10-6 and 4.0×10-6 M for sensor 1, 2 and 3, respectively over a pH range of 6.0-9.0. The sensors show good discrimination of moxifloxacin from several inorganic and organic compounds. The direct determination of 400 µg/ml of moxifloxacin show an average recovery of 98.5, 99.1 and 98.6 % and a mean relative standard deviation of 1.8, 1.6 and 1.8% for sensors 1, 2, and 3 respectively. The proposed sensors have been applied for direct determination of moxifloxacin in some pharmaceutical preparations. The results obtained by determination of moxifloxacin in tablets using the proposed sensors are comparable favorably with those obtained using the US Pharmacopeia method. The sensors have been used as indicator electrodes for potentiometric titration of moxifloxacin. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=potentiometry" title="potentiometry">potentiometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PVC" title=" PVC"> PVC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=membrane%20sensors" title=" membrane sensors"> membrane sensors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ion-pair" title=" ion-pair"> ion-pair</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ionophore" title=" ionophore"> ionophore</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=schiff-base" title=" schiff-base"> schiff-base</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moxifloxacin%20HCl" title=" moxifloxacin HCl"> moxifloxacin HCl</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sodium%20tetraphenyl%20borate" title=" sodium tetraphenyl borate"> sodium tetraphenyl borate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phosphomolybdic%20acid" title=" phosphomolybdic acid"> phosphomolybdic acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phosphotungstic%20acid" title=" phosphotungstic acid"> phosphotungstic acid</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20132/potentiometric-determination-of-moxifloxacin-in-some-pharmaceutical-formulation-using-pvc-membrane-sensors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20132.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">439</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1331</span> The Effect of Adding Microsilica on the Rheological Behavior and Injectability of the Paste in the Injection Molding of Silica-Based Ceramic Cores</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arghavan%20Kazemi">Arghavan Kazemi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hossein%20Radipour"> Hossein Radipour</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Microsilica (silica foam) is a byproduct of ferrosilicon production and silicon metal. Microsilica particles have a spherical shape, an average diameter of 0.15 µm, and a specific surface area of 15-25 m². g-¹. The overall density of this material is 150-700 kg.m-³. Many researchers have investigated the effect of adding microsilica on the flow properties of cement mixtures. This paper investigated the effect of adding microsilica on the flow behavior and injectability of silica-based paste. For this purpose, different percentages of microsilica have been used to prepare the paste. The rheometric test was performed on all the samples with different percentages of microsilica additives using an MCR300 rotary viscometer at a temperature of 70°C. In addition, the ability to inject pastes containing different amounts of microsilica at pressures of 25, 40, 50, and (bar) 60 at constant temperature and flow in a mold with dimensions of 80 × 80 × 0.5 mm³ has been investigated. Then, the effect of microsilica addition on the strength, porosity percentage, and leachability of the sintered core was studied. The results show that the rheological behavior of the paste is pseudoplastic; also, the silane index decreases with the increase in the percentage of microsilica addition, and the viscosity increases. On the other hand, the addition of microsilica has led to the appearance of thixotropic in the paste. By increasing the amount of microsilica, the injectability has significantly improved at low pressures. The strength of the sintered core increases with the increase of microsilica and the amount of remaining porosity and leachability decreases. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microsilica" title="microsilica">microsilica</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rheological%20behavior" title=" rheological behavior"> rheological behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=injectability" title=" injectability"> injectability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=injection%20molding" title=" injection molding"> injection molding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silica-based%20ceramic%20cores" title=" silica-based ceramic cores"> silica-based ceramic cores</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leachability" title=" leachability"> leachability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188985/the-effect-of-adding-microsilica-on-the-rheological-behavior-and-injectability-of-the-paste-in-the-injection-molding-of-silica-based-ceramic-cores" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188985.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">32</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1330</span> Effects of Surface Textures and Chemistries on Wettability</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dipti%20Raj">Dipti Raj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Himanshu%20Mishra"> Himanshu Mishra</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Wetting of a solid surface by a liquid is an extremely common yet subtle phenomenon in natural and applied sciences. A clear understanding of both short and long-term wetting behaviors of surfaces is essential for creating robust anti-biofouling coatings, non-wetting textiles, non-fogging mirrors, and preventive linings against dirt and icing. In this study, silica beads (diameter, D ≈ 100 μm) functionalized using different silane reagents were employed to modify the wetting characteristics of smooth polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) surfaces. Resulting composite surfaces were found to be super-hydrophobic, i.e. contact angle of water, <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contact%20angle" title="contact angle">contact angle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cassie-Baxter" title=" Cassie-Baxter"> Cassie-Baxter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PDMS" title=" PDMS"> PDMS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silica" title=" silica"> silica</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=texture" title=" texture"> texture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wetting" title=" wetting"> wetting</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56157/effects-of-surface-textures-and-chemistries-on-wettability" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56157.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">254</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1329</span> On the Thermodynamics of Biological Cell Adhesion</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ben%20Nadler">Ben Nadler</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cell adhesion plays a vital role in many cell activities. The motivation to model cell adhesion is to study important biological processes, such as cell spreading, cell aggregation, tissue formation, and cell adhesion, which are very challenging to study by experimental methods alone. This study provides important insight into cell adhesion, which can lead to improve regenerative medicine and tissue formation techniques. In this presentation the biological cells adhesion is mediated by receptors–ligands binding and the diffusivity of the receptor on the cell membrane surface. The ability of receptors to diffuse on the cell membrane surface yields a very unique and complicated adhesion mechanism, which is exclusive to cells. The phospholipid bilayer, which is the main component in the cell membrane, shows fluid-like behavior associated with the molecules’ diffusivity. The biological cell is modeled as a fluid-like membrane with negligible bending stiffness enclosing the cytoplasm fluid. The in-plane mechanical behavior of the cell membrane is assumed to depend only on the area change, which is motivated by the fluidity of the phospholipid bilayer. In addition, the presence of receptors influences on the local mechanical properties of the cell membrane is accounted for by including stress-free area change, which depends on the receptor density. Based on the physical properties of the receptors and ligands the attraction between the receptors and ligands is modeled as a charged-nonpolar which is a noncovalent interaction. Such interaction is a short-range type, which decays fast with distance. The mobility of the receptor on the cell membrane is modeled using the diffusion equation and Fick’s law is used to model the receptor–receptor interactions. The resultant interaction force, which includes receptor–ligand and receptor–receptor interaction, is decomposed into tangential part, which governs the receptor diffusion, and normal part, which governs the cell deformation and adhesion. The formulation of the governing equations and numerical simulations will be presented. Analysis of the adhesion characteristic and properties are discussed. The roles of various thermomechanical properties of the cell, receptors and ligands on the cell adhesion are investigated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cell%20adhesion" title="cell adhesion">cell adhesion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cell%20membrane" title=" cell membrane"> cell membrane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=receptor-ligand%20interaction" title=" receptor-ligand interaction"> receptor-ligand interaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=receptor%20diffusion" title=" receptor diffusion"> receptor diffusion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37546/on-the-thermodynamics-of-biological-cell-adhesion" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37546.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">342</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1328</span> Experimental Investigation of Air Gap Membrane Distillation System with Heat Recovery</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yasser%20Elhenaw">Yasser Elhenaw</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Farag"> A. Farag</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20El-Ghandour"> Mohamed El-Ghandour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Shatat"> M. Shatat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20H.%20Moustafa"> G. H. Moustafa </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study investigates the performance of two spiral-wound Air Gap Membrane Distillation (AGMD) units. These units are connected in two different configurations in order to be tested and compared experimentally. In AGMD, the coolant water is used to condensate water vapor leaving membrane via condensing plate. The rejected cooling water has a relativity high temperature which can be used, depending on operation parameters, to increase the thermal efficiency and water productivity. In the first configuration, the seawater feed flows parallel and equally through both units then rejected. The coolant water is divided into the two units, and the heat source is divided into the two heat exchangers. In the second one, only the feed of the first unit is heated while the cooling rejected from the unit is used in heating the feed to the second. The performance of the system, estimated by the water productivity as well as the Gain Output Ratio (GOR), is measured for the two configurations at different feed flow rates, temperatures and salinities. The results show that at steady state condition, the heat recovery configurations lead to an increase in water productivity by 25%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=membrane%20distillation" title="membrane distillation">membrane distillation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20transfer" title=" heat transfer"> heat transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20recovery" title=" heat recovery"> heat recovery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=desalination" title=" desalination"> desalination</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67308/experimental-investigation-of-air-gap-membrane-distillation-system-with-heat-recovery" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67308.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">265</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1327</span> Durability of Wood Shavel Composites with Environmental Friendly Based Binder</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jul%20Endawati">Jul Endawati</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The composite element of 20 mm in thickness were manufactured using high volume fly ash, silica fume as alternative hydraulic binders and Portland cement Type II. Pine wood shavel as by product of local small wood working industries were used as the composite filler. The elements were given in situ wet and dry treatment for 9 months. Visually there is no fiber degradation as a result of the interaction of the environment. The assessment were done to the elements bending strength and dimensional properties. Increase in MoR after 180 days of exposure shown that mechanically this degradation is not seen yet. The increment of MoR (213%) compare to that of 28 days might be affected by the formation of calcium hydroxide (CH) or ettringite in the transition zone. The use of pozzolan showed also a delay or minimize degradation of composites while improving the pore structure, and minimize the mineralization of the fiber bond with the cement matrix. The water absorption is 4,22% at 180 days, 7,94% at 120 days and 12,38% at 28 days, in line with the 68% decrease in Thickness Swelling (TS). This unoccured degradation could also be affected by the presence of silica fume in the binder matrix. After 270 days of exposure under tropical condition, the flexural strength started to decrease. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=durability" title="durability">durability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fly%20ash" title=" fly ash"> fly ash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20fibre" title=" natural fibre"> natural fibre</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silica%20fume" title=" silica fume "> silica fume </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17082/durability-of-wood-shavel-composites-with-environmental-friendly-based-binder" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17082.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">262</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1326</span> Utilization of Pozzolonic Material for the Enhancement of the Concrete Strength: A Comprehensive Review Paper</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Parvez%20Alam">M. Parvez Alam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Bilal%20Khan"> M. Bilal Khan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Concrete is the material of choice where strength, performance, durability, impermeability, fire resistance, and abrasion resistance are required. The hunger for the higher strength leads to other materials to achieve the desired results and thus, emerged the contribution of cementitious material for the strength of concrete In present day constructions, concrete is chosen as one of the best choices by civil engineers in construction materials. The concept of sustainability is touching new heights and many pozzolonic materials are tried and tested as partial replacement for the cement. In this paper, comprehensive review of available literatures are studied to evaluate the performance of pozzolonic materials such as ceramic waste powder, copper slag, silica fume on the strength of concrete by the partial replacement of ordinary materials such as cement, fine aggregate and coarse aggregate at different percentage of composition. From the study, we conclude that ceramic wastes are suitable to be used in the construction industry, and more significantly on the making of concrete. Ceramic wastes are found to be suitable for usage as substitution for fine and coarse aggregates and partial substitution in cement production. They were found to be performing better than normal concrete, in properties such as density, durability, permeability, and compressive strength. Copper slag is the waste material of matte smelting and refining of copper such that each ton of copper generates approximately 2.5 tons of copper slag. Copper slag is one of the materials that is considered as a waste which could have a promising future in construction Industry as partial or full substitute of aggregates. Silica fume, also known as micro silica or condensed silica fume, is a relatively new material compared to fly ash, It is another material that is used as an artificial pozzolonic admixture. High strength concrete made with silica fume provides high abrasion/corrosion resistance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concrete" title="concrete">concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pozzolonic%20materials" title=" pozzolonic materials"> pozzolonic materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ceramic%20waste%20powder" title=" ceramic waste powder"> ceramic waste powder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=copper%20slag" title=" copper slag"> copper slag</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30320/utilization-of-pozzolonic-material-for-the-enhancement-of-the-concrete-strength-a-comprehensive-review-paper" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30320.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">316</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1325</span> Water Reclamation from Synthetic Winery Wastewater Using a Fertiliser Drawn Forward Osmosis System Evaluating Aquaporin-Based Biomimetic and Cellulose Triacetate Forward Osmosis Membranes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Robyn%20Augustine">Robyn Augustine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Irena%20Petrinic"> Irena Petrinic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Claus%20Helix-Nielsen"> Claus Helix-Nielsen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marshall%20S.%20Sheldon"> Marshall S. Sheldon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study examined the performance of two commercial forward osmosis (FO) membranes; an aquaporin (AQP) based biomimetic membrane, and cellulose triacetate (CTA) membrane in a fertiliser is drawn forward osmosis (FDFO) system for the reclamation of water from synthetic winery wastewater (SWW) operated over 24 hr. Straight, 1 M KCl and 1 M NH₄NO₃ fertiliser solutions were evaluated as draw solutions in the FDFO system. The performance of the AQP-based biomimetic and CTA FO membranes were evaluated in terms of permeate water flux (Jw), reverse solute flux (Js) and percentage water recovery (Re). The average water flux and reverse solute flux when using 1 M KCl as a draw solution against controlled feed solution, deionised (DI) water, was 11.65 L/m²h and 3.98 g/m²h (AQP) and 6.24 L/m²h and 2.89 g/m²h (CTA), respectively. Using 1 M NH₄NO₃ as a draw solution yielded average water fluxes and reverse solute fluxes of 10.73 L/m²h and 1.31 g/m²h (AQP) and 5.84 L/m²h and 1.39 g/m²h (CTA), respectively. When using SWW as the feed solution and 1 M KCl and 1 M NH₄NO₃ as draw solutions, respectively, the average water fluxes observed were 8.15 and 9.66 L/m²h (AQP) and 5.02 and 5.65 L/m²h (CTA). Membrane water flux decline was the result of a combined decrease in the effective driving force of the FDFO system, reverse solute flux and organic fouling. Permeate water flux recoveries of between 84-98%, and 83-89% were observed for the AQP-based biomimetic and CTA membrane, respectively after physical cleaning by flushing was employed. The highest water recovery rate of 49% was observed for the 1 M KCl fertiliser draw solution with AQP-based biomimetic membrane and proved superior in the reclamation of water from SWW. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aquaporin%20biomimetic%20membrane" title="aquaporin biomimetic membrane">aquaporin biomimetic membrane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cellulose%20triacetate%20membrane" title=" cellulose triacetate membrane"> cellulose triacetate membrane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forward%20osmosis" title=" forward osmosis"> forward osmosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reverse%20solute%20flux" title=" reverse solute flux"> reverse solute flux</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=synthetic%20winery%20wastewater%20and%20water%20flux" title=" synthetic winery wastewater and water flux"> synthetic winery wastewater and water flux</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101157/water-reclamation-from-synthetic-winery-wastewater-using-a-fertiliser-drawn-forward-osmosis-system-evaluating-aquaporin-based-biomimetic-and-cellulose-triacetate-forward-osmosis-membranes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101157.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">165</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1324</span> A Saltwater Battery Inspired by the Membrane Potential Found in Biological Cells</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ross%20Lee">Ross Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pritpal%20Singh"> Pritpal Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrew%20Jester"> Andrew Jester</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As the world transitions to a more sustainable energy economy, the deployment of energy storage technologies is expected to increase to develop a more resilient grid system. However, current technologies are associated with various environmental and safety issues throughout their entire lifecycle; therefore, new battery technology is necessary for grid applications to curtail these risks. Biological cells, such as human neurons and electrolytes in the electric eel, can serve as a more sustainable design template for a new bio-inspired (i.e., biomimetic) battery. Within biological cells, an electrochemical gradient across the cell membrane forms the membrane potential, which serves as the driving force for ion transport into/out of the cell, akin to the charging/discharging of a battery cell. This work serves as the first step to developing such a biomimetic battery cell, starting with the fabrication and characterization of ion-selective membranes to facilitate ion transport through the cell. Performance characteristics (e.g., cell voltage, power density, specific energy, roundtrip efficiency) for the cell under investigation are compared to incumbent battery technologies and biological cells to assess the readiness level for this emerging technology. Using a Na⁺-Form Nafion-117 membrane, the cell in this work successfully demonstrated behavior similar to human neurons; these findings will inform how cell components can be re-engineered to enhance device performance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=battery" title="battery">battery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomimetic" title=" biomimetic"> biomimetic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrolytes" title=" electrolytes"> electrolytes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20neurons" title=" human neurons"> human neurons</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ion-selective%20membranes" title=" ion-selective membranes"> ion-selective membranes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=membrane%20potential" title=" membrane potential"> membrane potential</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155787/a-saltwater-battery-inspired-by-the-membrane-potential-found-in-biological-cells" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155787.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">118</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1323</span> Application of Liquid Emulsion Membrane Technique for the Removal of Cadmium(II) from Aqueous Solutions Using Aliquat 336 as a Carrier</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Medjahed">B. Medjahed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20A.%20Didi"> M. A. Didi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Guezzen"> B. Guezzen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the present work, emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) technique was applied for the extraction of cadmium(II) present in aqueous samples. Aliquat 336 (Chloride tri-N-octylmethylammonium) was used as carrier to extract cadmium(II). The main objective of this work is to investigate the influence of various parameters affected the ELM formation and its stability and testing the performance of the prepared ELM on removal of cadmium by using synthetic solution with different concentrations. Experiments were conducted to optimize pH of the feed solution and it was found that cadmium(II) can be extracted at pH 6.5. The influence of the carrier concentration and treat ratio on the extraction process was investigated. The obtained results showed that the optimal values are respectively 3% (Aliquat 336) and a ratio (feed: emulsion) equal to 1:1. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cadmium" title="cadmium">cadmium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carrier" title=" carrier"> carrier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emulsion%20liquid%20membrane" title=" emulsion liquid membrane"> emulsion liquid membrane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surfactant" title=" surfactant"> surfactant</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57343/application-of-liquid-emulsion-membrane-technique-for-the-removal-of-cadmiumii-from-aqueous-solutions-using-aliquat-336-as-a-carrier" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57343.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">406</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1322</span> Membrane Bioreactor versus Activated Sludge Process for Aerobic Wastewater Treatment and Recycling</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarra%20Kitanou">Sarra Kitanou</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Membrane bioreactor (MBR) systems are one of the most widely used wastewater treatment processes for various municipal and industrial waste streams. It is based on complex interactions between biological processes, filtration process and rheological properties of the liquid to be treated. Its complexity makes understanding system operation and optimization more difficult, and traditional methods based on experimental analysis are costly and time consuming. The present study was based on an external membrane bioreactor pilot scale with ceramic membranes compared to conventional activated sludge process (ASP) plant. Both systems received their influent from a domestic wastewater. The membrane bioreactor (MBR) produced an effluent with much better quality than ASP in terms of total suspended solids (TSS), organic matter such as biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD), total Phosphorus and total Nitrogen. Other effluent quality parameters also indicate substantial differences between ASP and MBR. This study leads to conclude that in the case domestic wastewater, MBR treatment has excellent effluent quality. Hence, the replacement of the ASP by the MBRs may be justified on the basis of their improved removal of solids, nutrients, and micropollutants. Furthermore, in terms of reuse the great quality of the treated water allows it to be reused for irrigation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerobic%20wastewater%20treatment" title="aerobic wastewater treatment">aerobic wastewater treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conventional%20activated%20sludge%20process" title=" conventional activated sludge process"> conventional activated sludge process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=membrane%20bioreactor" title=" membrane bioreactor"> membrane bioreactor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reuse%20for%20irrigation" title=" reuse for irrigation"> reuse for irrigation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167997/membrane-bioreactor-versus-activated-sludge-process-for-aerobic-wastewater-treatment-and-recycling" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167997.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">78</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1321</span> Study of the Transport of Multivalent Metal Cations Through Cation-Exchange Membranes by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20P%C3%A9rez-Herranz">V. Pérez-Herranz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Pinel"> M. Pinel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20M.%20Ortega"> E. M. Ortega</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Garc%C3%ADa-Gabald%C3%B3n"> M. García-Gabaldón</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the present work, Electrochemical Impedance Spectrocopy (EIS) is applied to study the transport of different metal cations through a cation-exchange membrane. This technique enables the identification of the ionic-transport characteristics and to distinguish between different transport mechanisms occurring at different current density ranges. The impedance spectra are dependent on the applied dc current density, on the type of cation and on the concentration. When the applied dc current density increases, the diameter of the impedance spectra loops increases because all the components of membrane system resistance increase. The diameter of the impedance plots decreases in the order of Na(I), Ni(II) and Cr(III) due to the increased interactions between the negatively charged sulfonic groups of the membrane and the cations with greater charge. Nyquist plots are shifted towards lower values of the real impedance, and its diameter decreases with the increase of concentration due to the decrease of the solution resistance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ion-exchange%20membranes" title="ion-exchange membranes">ion-exchange membranes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Electrochemical%20Impedance%20Spectrocopy" title=" Electrochemical Impedance Spectrocopy"> Electrochemical Impedance Spectrocopy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multivalent%20metal%20cations" title=" multivalent metal cations"> multivalent metal cations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=membrane%20system" title=" membrane system"> membrane system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22796/study-of-the-transport-of-multivalent-metal-cations-through-cation-exchange-membranes-by-electrochemical-impedance-spectroscopy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22796.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">529</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1320</span> Compressive and Torsional Strength of Self-Compacting Concrete</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moosa%20Mazloom">Moosa Mazloom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Morteza%20Mehrvand"> Morteza Mehrvand</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of silica fume and super plasticizer dosages on compressive and torsional properties of SCC. This work concentrated on concrete mixes having water/binder ratios of 0.45 and 0.35, which contained constant total binder contents of 400 kg/m3 and 500 kg/m3, respectively. The percentages of silica fume that replaced cement were 0 % and 10 %. The super plasticizer dosages utilized in the mixtures were 0.4%, 0.8%, 1.2 % and 1.6 % of the weight of cement. Prism dimensions used in this test were 10 × 10 × 40 cm3. The results of this research indicated that torsional strength of SCC prisms can be calculated using the equations presented in Canadian and American concrete building codes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-compacting%20concrete" title="self-compacting concrete">self-compacting concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rectangular%20prism" title=" rectangular prism"> rectangular prism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=torsional%20strength" title=" torsional strength"> torsional strength</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29748/compressive-and-torsional-strength-of-self-compacting-concrete" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29748.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">517</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1319</span> Development of Polybenzoxazine Membranes on Al2O3 Support for Water-Ethanol Separation via Pervaporation Technique</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chonlada%20Choedchun">Chonlada Choedchun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ni-on%20Saelim"> Ni-on Saelim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Panupong%20Chuntanalerg"> Panupong Chuntanalerg</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thanyalak%20Chaisuwan"> Thanyalak Chaisuwan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sujitra%20Wongkasemjit"> Sujitra Wongkasemjit</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Bioethanol is one of the candidates to replace fossil fuels. Membrane technique is one of the attractive processes to produce high purity of ethanol. In this work, polybenzoxazine (PBZ) membrane successfully synthesized from bisphenol-A (BPA), formaldehyde, and two different types of multifunctionalamines: tetraethylenepentamine (tepa), and diethylenetriamine (deta), was evaluated for water-ethanol separation. The membrane thickness was determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Pervaporation technique was carried out to find separation performance. It was found that the optimum PBZ concentration for the preparation of the membranes is 25%. The dipping cycles of PBZ-tepa and PBZ-deta was found to be 4 and 5, giving the total permeation flux of 28.97 and 14.75 g/m2.h, respectively. The separation factor of both membranes was higher than 10,000. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polybenzoxazine" title="polybenzoxazine">polybenzoxazine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pervaporation" title=" pervaporation"> pervaporation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=permeation%20flux" title=" permeation flux"> permeation flux</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=separation%20factor" title=" separation factor"> separation factor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2739/development-of-polybenzoxazine-membranes-on-al2o3-support-for-water-ethanol-separation-via-pervaporation-technique" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2739.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">419</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1318</span> Separation of Mercury(Ii) from Petroleum Produced Water via Hollow Fiber Supported Liquid Membrane and Mass Transfer Modeling</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Srestha%20Chaturabul">Srestha Chaturabul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wanchalerm%20Srirachat"> Wanchalerm Srirachat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thanaporn%20Wannachod"> Thanaporn Wannachod</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prakorn%20Ramakul"> Prakorn Ramakul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ura%20Pancharoen"> Ura Pancharoen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soorathep%20Kheawhom"> Soorathep Kheawhom </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The separation of mercury(II) from petroleum-produced water from the Gulf of Thailand was carried out using a hollow fiber supported liquid membrane system (HFSLM). Optimum parameters for feed pretreatment were 0.2 M HCl, 4% (v/v) Aliquat 336 for extractant and 0.1 M thiourea for stripping solution. The best percentage obtained for extraction was 99.73% and for recovery 90.11%, respectively. The overall separation efficiency noted was 94.92% taking account of both extraction and recovery prospects. The model for this separation developed along a combined flux principle i.e. convection–diffusion–kinetic. The results showed excellent agreement with theoretical data at an average standard deviation of 1.5% and 1.8%, respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=separation" title="separation">separation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mercury%28ii%29" title=" mercury(ii)"> mercury(ii)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=petroleum%20produced%20water" title=" petroleum produced water"> petroleum produced water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hollow%20fiber" title=" hollow fiber"> hollow fiber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liquid%20membrane" title=" liquid membrane"> liquid membrane</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29570/separation-of-mercuryii-from-petroleum-produced-water-via-hollow-fiber-supported-liquid-membrane-and-mass-transfer-modeling" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29570.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">298</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1317</span> A Parametric Study of the Effect of Size, Position, and Number of Flexible Membranes Attached to a Circular Cylinder on the Fluid Flow Behavior</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nabaouia.Maktouf">Nabaouia.Maktouf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Ben%20Moussa"> Ali Ben Moussa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sa%C3%AFd%20Turki"> Saïd Turki</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper discusses the effect of an attached flexible membrane on the control of fluid around a circular cylinder. A parametric study has been investigated for different positions, sizes, modes as well as frequencies of oscillation of the flexible membrane. The numerical investigation was conducted for a Reynolds number equal to 150 using the commercial code Fluent 16.0 and parallel calculation into 4 processors. The motion of the flexible membrane was managed by the dynamic mesh and compiled into Fluent as a user-defined function. The first part of this paper discusses the effect of changing the position of a flexible membrane sized 8° as an angle of aperture on the aerodynamic coefficients. Results show that the flexible membrane placed at 110° from the stagnation point presents more non-linearity on the behavior of the drag coefficient compared to the drag behavior when placed at 180°, relative to the stagnation point. The effect of the size of the flexible surface was studied for the corresponding angles of aperture: 32° and 42°, respectively. The effect of modes (modes 1, 2, and 3) of vibrations has been investigated at a constant frequency of vibration f=2Hz for angles 32° and 42°. All the calculations have been done with a constant amplitude A =0.001m. A non-linearity of the drag coefficient was clearly observed for all the sizes, modes as well as frequencies of excitation. The Fast Fourier transformation shows the appearance of the natural shedding frequency and the multiples of the frequency of excitation. An increase in the modes of oscillation leads to a more linear behavior of the drag coefficient. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluid%20flow%20control" title="fluid flow control">fluid flow control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20simulation" title=" numerical simulation"> numerical simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20mesh" title=" dynamic mesh"> dynamic mesh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerodynamic%20forces" title=" aerodynamic forces"> aerodynamic forces</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flexible%20membrane" title=" flexible membrane"> flexible membrane</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164010/a-parametric-study-of-the-effect-of-size-position-and-number-of-flexible-membranes-attached-to-a-circular-cylinder-on-the-fluid-flow-behavior" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164010.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">75</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1316</span> GGE-Biplot Analysis of Nano-Titanium Dioxide and Nano-Silica Effects on Sunflower</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naser%20Sabaghnia">Naser Sabaghnia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohsen%20Janmohammadi"> Mohsen Janmohammadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehdi%20Mohebodini"> Mehdi Mohebodini</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Present investigation is performed to evaluate the effects of foliar application of salicylic acid, glycine betaine, ascorbic acid, nano-silica, and nano-titanium dioxide on sunflower. Results showed that the first two principal components were sufficient to create a two-dimensional treatment by trait biplot, and such biplot accounted percentages of 49% and 19%, respectively of the interaction between traits and treatments. The vertex treatments of polygon were ascorbic acid, glycine betaine, nano-TiO<sub>2</sub>, and control indicated that high performance in some important traits consists of number of days to seed maturity, number of seeds per head, number heads per single plant, hundred seed weight, seed length, seed yield performance, and oil content. Treatments suitable for obtaining the high seed yield were identified in the vector-view function of biplot and displayed nano-silica and nano titanium dioxide as the best treatments suitable for obtaining of high seed yield. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drought%20stress" title="drought stress">drought stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano-silicon%20dioxide" title=" nano-silicon dioxide"> nano-silicon dioxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oil%20content" title=" oil content"> oil content</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TiO2%20nanoparticles" title=" TiO2 nanoparticles"> TiO2 nanoparticles</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62896/gge-biplot-analysis-of-nano-titanium-dioxide-and-nano-silica-effects-on-sunflower" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62896.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">338</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1315</span> Experimental Investigation Of Membrane Performance</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Serhat%20Ersoyo%C4%9Flu">Ali Serhat Ersoyoğlu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kevser%20Dincer"> Kevser Dincer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salih%20Yayla"> Salih Yayla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Derya%20Sayg%C4%B1l%C4%B1"> Derya Saygılı</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, performance of membrane was experimentally investigated. A solution having 1,5 gr Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ)+ 10 mL methanol was prepared. This solution was taken out and filled into a spinning syringe. 6 grill-shaped wires having the sizes of 2x2 cm2’were cladded with YSZ + methanol solution by using the spinning method. After coating, the grill-shaped wires were left to dry. The dry wires were then weighed on a precision scale to determine the amount of coating imposed. The grill-shaped wires were mounted on the anode side of the PEM fuel cell membrane. Effects of the coating on the wires on current, power and resistance performances in the PEM fuel cells were determined experimentally and compared for every case. The highest current occurred at the 1st second on current #1, while the lowest current occurred at the 1171th second on current #6. The highest resistance was recorded at the 1171th second on resistance # 6, the lowest occurred at the 1st second on resistance # 1, whereas the highest power took place at the 1st second on power #1, the lowest power appeared at the 1171th second on power #5. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=membrane" title="membrane">membrane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electro-spinning%20method" title=" electro-spinning method"> electro-spinning method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yttria-Stabilized%20Zirconia" title=" Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia"> Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuel%20cells" title=" fuel cells"> fuel cells</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8065/experimental-investigation-of-membrane-performance" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8065.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">369</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1314</span> Luminescent Properties of Sm³⁺-Doped Silica Nanophosphor Synthesized from Highly Active Amorphous Nanosilica Derived from Rice Husk</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Celestine%20Mbakaan">Celestine Mbakaan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iorkyaa%20Ahemen"> Iorkyaa Ahemen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20D.%20Onoja"> A. D. Onoja</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20N.%20Amah"> A. N. Amah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emmanuel%20Barki"> Emmanuel Barki</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Rice husk (RH) is a natural sheath that forms and covers the grain of rice. The husk composed of hard materials, including opaline silica and lignin. It separates from its grain during rice milling. RH also contains approximately 15 to 28 wt % of silica in hydrated amorphous form. Nanosilica was derived from the husk of different rice varieties after pre-treating the husk (RH) with HCl and calcination at 550°C. Nanosilica derived from the husk of Osi rice variety produced the highest silica yield, and further pretreatment with 0.8 M H₃PO₄ acid removed more mineral impurities. The silica obtained from this rice variety was selected as a host matrix for doping with Sm³⁺ ions. Rice husk silica (RH-SiO₂) doped with samarium (RH-SiO₂: xSm³⁺ (x=0.01, 0.05, and 0.1 molar ratios) nanophosphors were synthesized via the sol-gel method. The structural analysis by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) reveals amorphous structure while the surface morphology, as revealed by SEM and TEM, indicates agglomerates of nano-sized spherical particles with an average particle size measuring 21 nm. The nanophosphor has a large surface area measuring 198.0 m²/g, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) shows only a single absorption band which is strong and broad with a valley at 1063 cm⁻¹. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) shows strong absorptions at 319, 345, 362, 375, 401, and 474 nm, which can be exclusively assigned to the 6H5/2→4F11/2, 3H7/2, 4F9/2, 4D5/2, 4K11/2, and 4M15/2 + 4I11/2, transitions of Sm³⁺ respectively. The photoluminescence excitation spectra show that near UV and blue LEDs can effectively be used as excitation sources to produce red-orange and yellow-orange emission from Sm³⁺ ion-doped RH-SiO₂ nanophosphors. The photoluminescence (PL) of the nanophosphors gives three main lines; 568, 605, and 652 nm, which are attributed to the intra-4f shell transitions from the excited level to ground levels, respectively under excitation wavelengths of 365 and 400 nm. The result, as confirmed from the 1931 CIE coordinates diagram, indicates the emission of red-orange light by RH-SiO₂: xSm³⁺ (x=0.01 and 0.1 molar ratios) and yellow-orange light from RH-SiO₂: 0.05 Sm³⁺. Finally, the result shows that RH-SiO₂ doped with samarium (Sm³⁺) ions can be applicable in display applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=luminescence" title="luminescence">luminescence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanosilica" title=" nanosilica"> nanosilica</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanophosphors" title=" nanophosphors"> nanophosphors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sm%C2%B3%E2%81%BA" title=" Sm³⁺"> Sm³⁺</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116366/luminescent-properties-of-sm3-doped-silica-nanophosphor-synthesized-from-highly-active-amorphous-nanosilica-derived-from-rice-husk" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116366.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">133</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1313</span> Investigation of Water Transport Dynamics in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells Based on a Gas Diffusion Media Layers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saad%20S.%20Alrwashdeh">Saad S. Alrwashdeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Henning%20Mark%C3%B6tter"> Henning Markötter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Handri%20Ammari"> Handri Ammari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jan%20Hau%C3%9Fmann"> Jan Haußmann</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tobias%20Arlt"> Tobias Arlt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joachim%20Scholta"> Joachim Scholta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ingo%20Manke"> Ingo Manke</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this investigation, synchrotron X-ray imaging is used to study water transport inside polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. Two measurement techniques are used, namely in-situ radiography and quasi-in-situ tomography combining together in order to reveal the relationship between the structures of the microporous layers (MPLs) and the gas diffusion layers (GDLs), the operation temperature and the water flow. The developed cell is equipped with a thick GDL and a high back pressure MPL. It is found that these modifications strongly influence the overall water transport in the whole adjacent GDM. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polymer%20electrolyte%20membrane%20fuel%20cell" title="polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell">polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microporous%20layer" title=" microporous layer"> microporous layer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20transport" title=" water transport"> water transport</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radiography" title=" radiography"> radiography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tomography" title=" tomography"> tomography</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119296/investigation-of-water-transport-dynamics-in-polymer-electrolyte-membrane-fuel-cells-based-on-a-gas-diffusion-media-layers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119296.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">179</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1312</span> Numerical Study of Heat Transfer in Silica Aerogel</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amal%20Maazoun">Amal Maazoun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abderrazak%20Mezghani"> Abderrazak Mezghani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Ben%20Moussa"> Ali Ben Moussa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aerogel consists of a ramified and inter-connected solid skeleton enclosing a very important number of nano-sized pores filled with air that occupies most of the volume and makes very low density. The thermal conductivity of this material can reach lower values than those of any other material, and it changes with the type of the aerogel and its composition. So, in order to explain the causes of the super-insulation of our material and to determine the factors in which depends on its conductivity we used a numerical simulation. We have developed a numerical code that generates random fractal structure of silica aerogel with pre-defined concentration, properties of the backbone and the gas in the pores as well as the size of the particles. The calculation of the conductivity at any point of domain shows that it is not constant and that it depends on the pore size and the location in the pore. A numerical method based on resolution by inversion of block tridiagonal matrices is used to calculate the equivalent thermal conductivity of the whole fractal structure. The average conductivity calculated for each concentration is in good agreement with those of typical aerogels. And we found that the equivalent thermal conductivity of a silica aerogel depends strongly not only on the porosity but also on the tortuosity of the solid backbone. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerogel" title="aerogel">aerogel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fractal%20structure" title=" fractal structure"> fractal structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20study" title=" numerical study"> numerical study</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=porous%20media" title=" porous media"> porous media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20conductivity" title=" thermal conductivity"> thermal conductivity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60546/numerical-study-of-heat-transfer-in-silica-aerogel" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60546.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">290</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1311</span> Tunable Control of Therapeutics Release from the Nanochannel Delivery System (nDS) </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thomas%20Geninatti">Thomas Geninatti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bruno%20Giacomo"> Bruno Giacomo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alessandro%20Grattoni"> Alessandro Grattoni</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nanofluidic devices have been investigated for over a decade as promising platforms for the controlled release of therapeutics. The nanochannel drug delivery system (nDS), a membrane fabricated with high precision silicon techniques, capable of zero-order release of drugs by exploiting diffusion transport at the nanoscale originated from the interactions between molecules with nanochannel surfaces, showed the flexibility of the sustained release in vitro and in vivo, over periods of time ranging from weeks to months. To improve the implantable bio nanotechnology, in order to create a system that possesses the key features for achieve the suitable release of therapeutics, the next generation of nDS has been created. Platinum electrodes are integrated by e-beam deposition onto both surfaces of the membrane allowing low voltage (<2 V) and active temporal control of drug release through modulation of electrostatic potentials at the inlet and outlet of the membrane’s fluidic channels. Hence, a tunable administration of drugs is ensured from the nanochannel drug delivery system. The membrane will be incorporated into a peek implantable capsule, which will include drug reservoir, control hardware and RF system to allow suitable therapeutic regimens in real-time. Therefore, this new nanotechnology offers tremendous potential solutions to manage chronic disease such as cancer, heart disease, circadian dysfunction, pain and stress. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanochannel%20membrane" title="nanochannel membrane">nanochannel membrane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drug%20delivery" title=" drug delivery"> drug delivery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tunable%20release" title=" tunable release"> tunable release</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=personalized%20administration" title=" personalized administration"> personalized administration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoscale%20transport" title=" nanoscale transport"> nanoscale transport</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomems" title=" biomems"> biomems</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15827/tunable-control-of-therapeutics-release-from-the-nanochannel-delivery-system-nds" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15827.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">314</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1310</span> Simulation Studies of High-Intensity, Nanosecond Pulsed Electric Fields Induced Dynamic Membrane Electroporation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jiahui%20Song">Jiahui Song</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The application of an electric field can cause poration at cell membranes. This includes the outer plasma membrane, as well as the membranes of intracellular organelles. In order to analyze and predict such electroporation effects, it becomes necessary to first evaluate the electric fields and the transmembrane voltages. This information can then be used to assess changes in the pore formation energy that finally yields the pore distributions and their radii based on the Smolchowski equation. The dynamic pore model can be achieved by including a dynamic aspect and a dependence on the pore population density into the pore formation energy equation. These changes make the pore formation energy E(r) self-adjusting in response to pore formation without causing uncontrolled growth and expansion. By using dynamic membrane tension, membrane electroporation in response to a 180kV/cm trapezoidal pulse with a 10 ns on time and 1.5 ns rise- and fall-times is discussed. Poration is predicted to occur at times beyond the peak at around 9.2 ns. Modeling also yields time-dependent distributions of the membrane pore population after multiple pulses. It shows that the pore distribution shifts to larger values of the radius with multiple pulsing. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are also carried out for a fixed field of 0.5 V/nm to demonstrate nanopore formation from a microscopic point of view. The result shows that the pore is predicted to be about 0.9 nm in diameter and somewhat narrower at the central point. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high-intensity" title="high-intensity">high-intensity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanosecond" title=" nanosecond"> nanosecond</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamics" title=" dynamics"> dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electroporation" title=" electroporation"> electroporation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136220/simulation-studies-of-high-intensity-nanosecond-pulsed-electric-fields-induced-dynamic-membrane-electroporation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136220.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">159</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1309</span> Bonding Strength of Adhesive Scarf Joints Improved by Nano-Silica Subjected to Humidity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Paygozar">B. Paygozar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.A.%20Dizaji"> S.A. Dizaji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.C.%20Kandemir"> A.C. Kandemir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, the effects of the modified adhesive including different concentrations of Nano-silica are surveyed on the bonding strength of the adhesive scarf joints. The nanoparticles are added in two different concentrations, to an epoxy-based two-component structural adhesive, Araldite 2011, to survey the influences of the nanoparticle weight percentage on the failure load of the joints compared to that of the joints manufactured by the neat adhesive. The effects of being exposure to a moist ambience on the joint strength are also investigated for the joints produced of both neat and modified adhesives. For this purpose, an ageing process was carried out on the joints of both neat and improved kinds with variable immersion periods (20, 40 and 60 days). All the specimens were tested under a quasi-static tensile loading of 2 mm/min speed so as to find the quantities of the failure loads. Outcomes indicate that the failure loads of the joints with modified adhesives are measurably higher than that of the joint with neat adhesive, even while being put for a while under a moist condition. Another result points out that humidity lessens the bonding strength of all the joints of both types as the exposure time increases, which can be attributed to the change in the failure mode. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bonding%20strength" title="bonding strength">bonding strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=humidity" title=" humidity"> humidity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano-silica" title=" nano-silica"> nano-silica</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scarf%20joint" title=" scarf joint"> scarf joint</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/115145/bonding-strength-of-adhesive-scarf-joints-improved-by-nano-silica-subjected-to-humidity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/115145.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">173</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1308</span> Effect of Surface Treatments on the Cohesive Response of Nylon 6/silica Interfaces</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Arabnejad">S. Arabnejad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20W.%20C.%20Cheong"> D. W. C. Cheong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Chaobin"> H. Chaobin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20P.%20W.%20Shim"> V. P. W. Shim </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Debonding is the one of the fundamental damage mechanisms in particle field composites. This phenomenon gains more importance in nano composites because of the extensive interfacial region present in these materials. Understanding the debonding mechanism accurately, can help in understanding and predicting the response of nano composites as the interface deteriorates. The small length scale of the phenomenon makes the experimental characterization complicated and the results of it, far from real physical behavior. In this study the damage process in nylon-6/silica interface is examined through Molecular Dynamics (MD) modeling and simulations. The silica has been modeled with three forms of surfaces – without any surface treatment, with the surface treatment of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and with Hexamethyldisilazane (HMDZ) surface treatment. The APTES surface modification used to create functional groups on the silica surface, reacts and form covalent bonds with nylon 6 chains while the HMDZ surface treatment only interacts with both particle and polymer by non-bond interaction. The MD model in this study uses a PCFF force field. The atomic model is generated in a periodic box with a layer of vacuum on top of the polymer layer. This layer of vacuum is large enough that assures us from not having any interaction between particle and substrate after debonding. Results show that each of these three models show a different traction separation behavior. However, all of them show an almost bilinear traction separation behavior. The study also reveals a strong correlation between the length of APTES surface treatment and the cohesive strength of the interface. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=debonding" title="debonding">debonding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20treatment" title=" surface treatment"> surface treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cohesive%20response" title=" cohesive response"> cohesive response</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=separation%20behaviour" title=" separation behaviour "> separation behaviour </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11855/effect-of-surface-treatments-on-the-cohesive-response-of-nylon-6silica-interfaces" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11855.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">460</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1307</span> Ionic Liquid Membranes for CO2 Separation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zuzana%20Sedl%C3%A1kov%C3%A1">Zuzana Sedláková</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Magda%20K%C3%A1r%C3%A1szov%C3%A1"> Magda Kárászová</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ji%C5%99%C3%AD%20Vejra%C5%BEka"> Jiří Vejražka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lenka%20Mor%C3%A1vkov%C3%A1"> Lenka Morávková</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pavel%20Iz%C3%A1k"> Pavel Izák</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Membrane separations are mentioned frequently as a possibility for CO2 capture. Selectivity of ionic liquid membranes is strongly determined by different solubility of separated gases in ionic liquids. The solubility of separated gases usually varies over an order of magnitude, differently from diffusivity of gases in ionic liquids, which is usually of the same order of magnitude for different gases. The present work evaluates the selection of an appropriate ionic liquid for the selective membrane preparation based on the gas solubility in an ionic liquid. The current state of the art of CO2 capture patents and technologies based on the membrane separations was considered. An overview is given of the discussed transport mechanisms. Ionic liquids seem to be promising candidates thanks to their tunable properties, wide liquid range, reasonable thermal stability, and negligible vapor pressure. However, the uses of supported liquid membranes are limited by their relatively short lifetime from the industrial point of view. On the other hand, ionic liquids could overcome these problems due to their negligible vapor pressure and their tunable properties by adequate selection of the cation and anion. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biogas%20upgrading" title="biogas upgrading">biogas upgrading</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20dioxide%20separation" title=" carbon dioxide separation"> carbon dioxide separation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ionic%20liquid%20membrane" title=" ionic liquid membrane"> ionic liquid membrane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transport%20properties" title=" transport properties"> transport properties</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7577/ionic-liquid-membranes-for-co2-separation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7577.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">431</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1306</span> A Comparison of Direct Water Injection with Membrane Humidifier for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells Humification</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Flavien%20Marteau">Flavien Marteau</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pedro%20Affonso%20N%C3%B3brega"> Pedro Affonso Nóbrega</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pascal%20Biwole"> Pascal Biwole</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nicolas%20Autrusson"> Nicolas Autrusson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iona%20De%20Bievre"> Iona De Bievre</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christian%20Beauger"> Christian Beauger</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Effective water management is essential for the optimal performance of fuel cells. For this reason, many vehicle systems use a membrane humidifier, a passive device that humidifies the air before the cathode inlet. Although they offer good performance, humidifiers are voluminous, costly, and fragile, hence the desire to find an alternative. Direct water injection could be an option, although this method lacks maturity. It consists of injecting liquid water as a spray in the dry heated air coming out from the compressor. This work focuses on the evaluation of direct water injection and its performance compared to the membrane humidifier selected as a reference. Two architectures were experimentally tested to humidify an industrial 2 kW short stack made up of 20 cells of 150 cm² each. For the reference architecture, the inlet air is humidified with a commercial membrane humidifier. For the direct water injection architecture, a pneumatic nozzle was selected to generate a fine spray in the air flow with a Sauter mean diameter of about 20 μm. Initial performance was compared over the entire range of current based on polarisation curves. Then, the influence of various parameters impacting water management was studied, such as the temperature, the gas stoichiometry, and the water injection flow rate. The experimental results obtained confirm the possibility of humidifying the fuel cell using direct water injection. This study, however shows the limits of this humidification method, the mean cell voltage being significantly lower in some operating conditions with direct water injection than with the membrane humidifier. The voltage drop reaches 30 mV per cell (4 %) at 1 A/cm² (1,8 bara, 80 °C) and increases in more demanding humidification conditions. It is noteworthy that the heat of compression available is not enough to evaporate all the injected liquid water in the case of DWI, resulting in a mix of liquid and vapour water entering the fuel cell, whereas only vapour is present with the humidifier. Variation of the injection flow rate shows that part of the injected water is useless for humidification and seems to cross channels without reaching the membrane. The stack was successfully humidified thanks to direct water injection. Nevertheless, our work shows that its implementation requires substantial adaptations and may reduce the fuel cell stack performance when compared to conventional membrane humidifiers, but opportunities for optimisation have been identified. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cathode%20humidification" title="cathode humidification">cathode humidification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=direct%20water%20injection" title=" direct water injection"> direct water injection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=membrane%20humidifier" title=" membrane humidifier"> membrane humidifier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=proton%20exchange%20membrane%20fuel%20cell" title=" proton exchange membrane fuel cell"> proton exchange membrane fuel cell</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186543/a-comparison-of-direct-water-injection-with-membrane-humidifier-for-proton-exchange-membrane-fuel-cells-humification" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186543.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">43</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1305</span> Study Mercapto-Nanoscavenger as a Promising Analytical Tool</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20M.%20Algaradah">Mohammed M. Algaradah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A chelating mercapto- nanoscavenger has been developed exploiting the high surface area of monodisperse nano-sized mesoporous silica. The nanoscavenger acts as a solid phase trace metal extractant whilst suspended as a quasi-stable sol in aqueous samples. This mode of extraction requires no external agitation as the particles move naturally through the sample by Brownian motion, convection and slow sedimentation. Careful size selection enables the nanoscavenger to be easily recovered together with the extracted analyte by conventional filtration or centrifugation. The research describes the successful attachment of chelator mercapto to ca. 136 ± 15 nm high surface area (BET surface area = 1006 m2 g-1) mesoporous silica particles. The resulting material had a copper capacity of ca. 1.34 ± 0.10 mmol g-1 and was successfully applied to the collection of a trace element from water. Essentially complete recovery of Cu (II) has been achieved from freshwater samples giving typical preconcentration factors of 100 from 50 µg/l samples. Data obtained from a nanoscavenger-based extraction of copper from samples were not significantly different from those obtained by using a conventional colorimetric procedure employing complexation/solvent extraction. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano%20scavenger" title="nano scavenger">nano scavenger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mesoporous%20silica" title=" mesoporous silica"> mesoporous silica</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trace%20metal" title=" trace metal"> trace metal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=preconcentration" title=" preconcentration"> preconcentration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147914/study-mercapto-nanoscavenger-as-a-promising-analytical-tool" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147914.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">83</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1304</span> A Quick Prediction for Shear Behaviour of RC Membrane Elements by Fixed-Angle Softened Truss Model with Tension-Stiffening</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=X.%20Wang">X. Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20S.%20Kuang"> J. S. Kuang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Fixed-angle Softened Truss Model with Tension-stiffening (FASTMT) has a superior performance in predicting the shear behaviour of reinforced concrete (RC) membrane elements, especially for the post-cracking behaviour. Nevertheless, massive computational work is inevitable due to the multiple transcendental equations involved in the stress-strain relationship. In this paper, an iterative root-finding technique is introduced to FASTMT for solving quickly the transcendental equations of the tension-stiffening effect of RC membrane elements. This fast FASTMT, which performs in MATLAB, uses the bisection method to calculate the tensile stress of the membranes. By adopting the simplification, the elapsed time of each loop is reduced significantly and the transcendental equations can be solved accurately. Owing to the high efficiency and good accuracy as compared with FASTMT, the fast FASTMT can be further applied in quick prediction of shear behaviour of complex large-scale RC structures. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bisection%20method" title="bisection method">bisection method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FASTMT" title=" FASTMT"> FASTMT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=iterative%20root-finding%20technique" title=" iterative root-finding technique"> iterative root-finding technique</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reinforced%20concrete%20membrane" title=" reinforced concrete membrane"> reinforced concrete membrane</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71255/a-quick-prediction-for-shear-behaviour-of-rc-membrane-elements-by-fixed-angle-softened-truss-model-with-tension-stiffening" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71255.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">271</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silica%20membrane&page=8" rel="prev">&lsaquo;</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silica%20membrane&page=1">1</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silica%20membrane&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">...</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silica%20membrane&page=6">6</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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