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nRhiJb-DbgRPb-wNfPc-cGMI2b"><div class="Qwf2Db-MnozTc Qwf2Db-MnozTc-OWXEXe-MnozTc-qWD73c nRhiJb-BFbNVe-r8s4j-bMElCd dIsJJe" track-name="threat intelligence"track-type="tag">Threat Intelligence</div><div class="nRhiJb-ObfsIf"><div class="nRhiJb-kR0ZEf-OWXEXe-GV1x9e-R6PoUb"></div><div class="nRhiJb-kR0ZEf-OWXEXe-GV1x9e-EehZO nRhiJb-fmcmS-oXtfBe"><h1 class="Qwf2Db-MnozTc Qwf2Db-MnozTc-OWXEXe-MnozTc-ibL1re"><div class="Qwf2Db-MnozTc Qwf2Db-MnozTc-OWXEXe-MnozTc-ibL1re"><span class="FewWi"></span>capa Explorer Web: A Web-Based Tool for Program Capability Analysis</div></h1></div></div><div class="nRhiJb-fmcmS-oXtfBe dEogG">October 2, 2024</div></div></section><div class="EKklye"><div class="nRhiJb-DARUcf ZWw7T"><div class="npzWPc"><div class="dzoHJ"><div class="nRhiJb-DX2B6 nRhiJb-DX2B6-OWXEXe-h30Snd"><div class="nRhiJb-j5y3u"><ul class="nRhiJb-Qijihe phRaUe" role="list"><li class="hpHPGf"><a class="nRhiJb-ARYxNe" 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Web-Based Tool for Program Capability Analysis%0A%0Acapa Explorer Web is a browser-based tool to display the capabilities found by capa, our popular reverse engineering tool.%0A%0Acloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/capa-explorer-web-program-capability-analysis"track-metadata-module="social icons" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><svg class="nRhiJb-Bz112c nRhiJb-Bz112c-OWXEXe-DX2B6 nRhiJb-Bz112c-OWXEXe-nSuQf" viewBox="0 0 24 24" role="presentation" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M20 4H4c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v12c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h16c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V6c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zm-.8 2L12 10.8 4.8 6h14.4zM4 18V7.87l8 5.33 8-5.33V18H4z"></path></svg></a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div><section class="nRhiJb-DARUcf"><div class="nRhiJb-DbgRPb-wNfPc-ma6Yeb nRhiJb-DbgRPb-wNfPc-cGMI2b"><section class="DA9Qj nRhiJb-ObfsIf nRhiJb-fmcmS-oXtfBe"><div class="nRhiJb-kR0ZEf-OWXEXe-GV1x9e-c5RTEf"></div><div class="nRhiJb-kR0ZEf-OWXEXe-GV1x9e-qWD73c"><h5 class="cHE8Ub Qwf2Db-MnozTc Qwf2Db-MnozTc-OWXEXe-MnozTc-qWD73c">Mandiant </h5><p class="nRhiJb-qJTHM khCp7b"></p></div></section></div></section><div class="nRhiJb-DARUcf"><div class="nRhiJb-ObfsIf nRhiJb-DbgRPb-wNfPc-ma6Yeb nRhiJb-DbgRPb-qWD73c-cGMI2b"><div class="nRhiJb-kR0ZEf-OWXEXe-GV1x9e-ibL1re dzoHJ"></div><div class="OYL9D nRhiJb-kR0ZEf-OWXEXe-GV1x9e-OiUrBf" jsname="tx2NYc"><section class="Wy08Ac nRhiJb-qJTHM-OWXEXe-hJDwNd nRhiJb-DbgRPb-II5mzb-cGMI2b"><span class="dQQu7c" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md" jscontroller="YSybTb" data-track-type="" soy-skip ssk='5:kbe95'><p>Written by: <span style="vertical-align:baseline">Soufiane Fariss, Willi Ballenthin, Mike Hunhoff, Genwei Jiang, Tina Johnson, Moritz Raabe</span></p> <hr></span></section><section class="Wy08Ac nRhiJb-qJTHM-OWXEXe-hJDwNd nRhiJb-DbgRPb-II5mzb-cGMI2b"><span class="dQQu7c" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md" jscontroller="YSybTb" data-track-type="" soy-skip ssk='5:kbe95'><p><span style="vertical-align:baseline"><a href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/capa-automatically-identify-malware-capabilities/">capa</a>, developed by Mandiant's FLARE team, is a reverse engineering tool that automates the identification of program capabilities. In this blog post we introduce </span><a href="https://mandiant.github.io/capa/explorer/" rel="noopener" target="_blank"><span style="text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline">capa Explorer Web</span></a><span style="vertical-align:baseline">, a browser-based tool to display the capabilities found by capa. The capa Explorer Web UI provides an intuitive and interactive way to visualize the capa analysis results.</span></p> <p><span style="vertical-align:baseline">This feature was implemented by Soufiane Fariss (</span><a href="https://github.com/s-ff" rel="noopener" target="_blank"><span style="text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline">@s-ff</span></a><span style="vertical-align:baseline">) as part of the </span><a href="https://summerofcode.withgoogle.com/programs/2024/projects/cR3hjbsq" rel="noopener" target="_blank"><span style="text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline">Google Summer of Code (GSoC) project</span></a><span style="vertical-align:baseline"> that the Mandiant FLARE team mentored in 2024.</span></p></span></section><section class="QzPuud"><div><section><figure class="NEBdNd"><section class="PBkdHd DhGbH" jscontroller="SCGBie" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md"><img class="JcsBte mZzdH ZOnyjc" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/capa-explorer-web-fig1.max-2100x2100.png" alt="https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/capa-explorer-web-fig1.max-2100x2100.png" jsname='P3Vluc' jsaction="click:HTIlC" loading="lazy"/><section class="glue-modal glue-modal--dark QHdDac" role="dialog" aria-modal="true"><img class="JcsBte mZzdH ZOnyjc" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/capa-explorer-web-fig1.max-2100x2100.png" alt="https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/capa-explorer-web-fig1.max-2100x2100.png" jsname='P3Vluc' jsaction="click:HTIlC" loading="lazy"/><button class="glue-modal__close-btn" tabindex="0" aria-label="Close this modal"></button></section></section></figure><div class="nRhiJb-cHYyed nRhiJb-DbgRPb-R6PoUb-ma6Yeb ZpqjUe"><span class="dQQu7c" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md" jscontroller="YSybTb" data-track-type="" soy-skip ssk='5:kbe95'><p>Figure 1: Using <a href="https://mandiant.github.io/capa/explorer/">capa Explorer Web</a> to visualize the results of a <a href="https://www.virustotal.com/gui/file/2b09154b498e9959f5efbcfa768dcdc2394dc527b2785e1ce68bc8a33c6804b8">dropper</a></p></span></div></section></div></section><section class="Wy08Ac nRhiJb-qJTHM-OWXEXe-hJDwNd nRhiJb-DbgRPb-II5mzb-cGMI2b"><span class="dQQu7c" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md" jscontroller="YSybTb" data-track-type="" soy-skip ssk='5:kbe95'><h2><span style="vertical-align:baseline">Background</span></h2> <p><a href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/capa-automatically-identify-malware-capabilities/"><span style="text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline">capa analyzes programs</span></a><span style="vertical-align:baseline"> using various backends, such as </span><a href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/capa-2-better-stronger-faster/"><span style="text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline">IDA Pro</span></a><span style="vertical-align:baseline">, </span><a href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/capa-harnesses-ghidra"><span style="text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline">Ghidra</span></a><span style="vertical-align:baseline">, and </span><a href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/dynamic-capa-executable-behavior-cape-sandbox/"><span style="text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline">CAPE</span></a><span style="vertical-align:baseline">, to extract features. Then it identifies capabilities by matching these features against rules written by experts. A program matches a capability rule when its extracted features match the set of conditions declared in the rule.</span></p> <p><span style="vertical-align:baseline">Before the release of capa Explorer Web, the </span><a href="https://github.com/mandiant/capa/tree/master/capa/ida/plugin" rel="noopener" target="_blank"><span style="text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline">capa Explorer IDA</span></a><span style="vertical-align:baseline"> plugin was the only way to interactively explore capa rule matches. Analysts without access to IDA Pro had no graphical interface to easily inspect capa results. Due to the large amount of data this was especially a shortcoming for the exploration of dynamic results, a </span><a href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/dynamic-capa-executable-behavior-cape-sandbox"><span style="text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline">feature introduced in capa v7.0</span></a><span style="vertical-align:baseline"> for detecting capabilities from sandbox traces.</span></p> <h2><span style="vertical-align:baseline">Introducing capa Explorer Web</span></h2> <p><span style="vertical-align:baseline">capa Explorer Web offers an intuitive and interactive visualization of capa analysis results. Users can browse rule matches and understand the reasoning behind them. Analysts can sort, search, and filter results. The interface offers different views including a table view with rule match details (see Figure 1), a function-centric view for static analysis, and a process-tree view for dynamic analysis results.</span></p></span></section><section class="k6ctOd"><aside class="IwVNTb"><div class="ecJG2e nRhiJb-ObfsIf"><div class="nRhiJb-kR0ZEf-OWXEXe-GV1x9e-OiUrBf nRhiJb-snVHke-ibL1re-X66g3b nRhiJb-snVHke-R6PoUb-UFsB2c"><h4 class="Qwf2Db-MnozTc Qwf2Db-MnozTc-OWXEXe-MnozTc-qWD73c">capa Explorer Web</h4><p class="nRhiJb-qJTHM nRhiJb-DbgRPb-R6PoUb-ma6Yeb"><span class="dQQu7c" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md" jscontroller="YSybTb" data-track-type="" soy-skip ssk='5:kbe95'><p>Our web-based tool allows you to interactively browse and display <a href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/capa-automatically-identify-malware-capabilities/">capa</a> results in multiple viewing modes.</p></span></p><a class="nRhiJb-LgbsSe nRhiJb-LgbsSe-OWXEXe-MNynB-o6Shpd LZTd1c" href="https://mandiant.github.io/capa/explorer/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" track-name="use capa web explorer now"track-type="button"track-metadata-position="body"track-metadata-eventdetail="mandiant.github.io/capa/explorer/"track-metadata-module="aside"track-metadata-module_headline="capa explorer web" track-name="use capa web explorer now"track-type="button"track-metadata-position="body"track-metadata-eventdetail="mandiant.github.io/capa/explorer/">Use capa Web Explorer now! </a></div></div></aside></section><section class="Wy08Ac nRhiJb-qJTHM-OWXEXe-hJDwNd nRhiJb-DbgRPb-II5mzb-cGMI2b"><span class="dQQu7c" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md" jscontroller="YSybTb" data-track-type="" soy-skip ssk='5:kbe95'><h3><span style="vertical-align:baseline">Getting Started</span></h3> <p><span style="vertical-align:baseline">capa Explorer Web is <a href="https://mandiant.github.io/capa/explorer/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">accessible online at our GitHub page</a></span><span style="vertical-align:baseline">, and you can start analyzing capa results immediately (see Figure 2). For offline usage, you can download a standalone HTML file from the website. Similar to CyberChef, it is an HTML file that can be opened locally in a browser and works without an Internet connection.</span></p></span></section><section class="QzPuud"><div><section><figure class="NEBdNd"><section class="PBkdHd DhGbH" jscontroller="SCGBie" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md"><img class="JcsBte mZzdH ZOnyjc" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/capa-explorer-web-fig2.max-2100x2100.png" alt="https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/capa-explorer-web-fig2.max-2100x2100.png" jsname='P3Vluc' jsaction="click:HTIlC" loading="lazy"/><section class="glue-modal glue-modal--dark QHdDac" role="dialog" aria-modal="true"><img class="JcsBte mZzdH ZOnyjc" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/capa-explorer-web-fig2.max-2100x2100.png" alt="https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/capa-explorer-web-fig2.max-2100x2100.png" jsname='P3Vluc' jsaction="click:HTIlC" loading="lazy"/><button class="glue-modal__close-btn" tabindex="0" aria-label="Close this modal"></button></section></section></figure><div class="nRhiJb-cHYyed nRhiJb-DbgRPb-R6PoUb-ma6Yeb ZpqjUe"><span class="dQQu7c" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md" jscontroller="YSybTb" data-track-type="" soy-skip ssk='5:kbe95'><p>Figure 2: capa Explorer Web home page</p></span></div></section></div></section><section class="Wy08Ac nRhiJb-qJTHM-OWXEXe-hJDwNd nRhiJb-DbgRPb-II5mzb-cGMI2b"><span class="dQQu7c" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md" jscontroller="YSybTb" data-track-type="" soy-skip ssk='5:kbe95'><p><span style="vertical-align:baseline">To generate a capa result document, follow these quick steps to get started:</span></p> <ol> <li style="list-style-type:decimal;vertical-align:baseline"> <p><a href="https://github.com/mandiant/capa/blob/master/doc/installation.md" rel="noopener" target="_blank"><span style="text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline">Install capa</span></a><span style="vertical-align:baseline">, e.g. download the latest </span><a href="https://github.com/mandiant/capa/releases" rel="noopener" target="_blank"><span style="text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline">standalone executable release</span></a></p> </li> <li style="list-style-type:decimal;vertical-align:baseline"> <p><span style="vertical-align:baseline">Analyze a sample and save the JSON results: </span><code style="vertical-align:baseline">capa.exe -j /path/to/file > result.json</code></p> </li> <li style="list-style-type:decimal;vertical-align:baseline"> <p><span style="vertical-align:baseline">Load the JSON results file into capa Explorer Web</span></p> </li> </ol> <h3><span style="vertical-align:baseline">Loading capa Results</span></h3> <p><span style="vertical-align:baseline">capa Explorer Web allows you to load capa result documents from local JSON files, including Gzipped files. All processing occurs in your browser – no data is transferred to any server.</span></p> <h3><span style="vertical-align:baseline">Default Table View Showing Rule Match Details</span></h3> <p><span style="vertical-align:baseline">The default web UI displays identified program capabilities in a rule match table. Users can expand, sort, filter, and search rule match details (see Figure 3). This enables analysts to triage samples faster. The table shows detailed information for each rule match – including matched features and their addresses. Users can also view and filter on rule meta information like namespaces, associated </span><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/" rel="noopener" target="_blank"><span style="text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline">MITRE ATT&CK</span></a><span style="vertical-align:baseline"> techniques, and </span><a href="https://github.com/MBCProject/mbc-markdown#malware-objective-descriptions" rel="noopener" target="_blank"><span style="text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline">Malware Behavior Catalog classifications (MBC)</span></a><span style="vertical-align:baseline">.</span></p> <p><span style="vertical-align:baseline">Figure 3 illustrates how an analyst can use capa Explorer Web to study the details of a rule match. Expanding the “inject APC” match row shows which features capa identified including their location in the program. This insight can streamline the identification of key behaviors and further support additional analysis – for example, when inspecting sandbox traces, debugging a sample, or analyzing the disassembled file.</span></p></span></section><section class="QzPuud"><div><section><figure class="NEBdNd"><section class="PBkdHd DhGbH" jscontroller="SCGBie" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md"><img class="JcsBte mZzdH ZOnyjc" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/capa-explorer-web-fig3.max-1500x1500.png" alt="https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/capa-explorer-web-fig3.max-1500x1500.png" jsname='P3Vluc' jsaction="click:HTIlC" loading="lazy"/><section class="glue-modal glue-modal--dark QHdDac" role="dialog" aria-modal="true"><img class="JcsBte mZzdH ZOnyjc" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/capa-explorer-web-fig3.max-1500x1500.png" alt="https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/capa-explorer-web-fig3.max-1500x1500.png" jsname='P3Vluc' jsaction="click:HTIlC" loading="lazy"/><button class="glue-modal__close-btn" tabindex="0" aria-label="Close this modal"></button></section></section></figure><div class="nRhiJb-cHYyed nRhiJb-DbgRPb-R6PoUb-ma6Yeb ZpqjUe"><span class="dQQu7c" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md" jscontroller="YSybTb" data-track-type="" soy-skip ssk='5:kbe95'><p>Figure 3: Static analysis results in capa Explorer Web</p></span></div></section></div></section><section class="Wy08Ac nRhiJb-qJTHM-OWXEXe-hJDwNd nRhiJb-DbgRPb-II5mzb-cGMI2b"><span class="dQQu7c" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md" jscontroller="YSybTb" data-track-type="" soy-skip ssk='5:kbe95'><p><span style="vertical-align:baseline">Figure 4 demonstrates how analysts can leverage capa's dynamic analysis results to identify suspicious processes which exhibit malicious behavior. For instance, the process "explorer.exe" (a seemingly benign name) is shown invoking the </span><code style="vertical-align:baseline">InternetCrackUrl</code><span style="vertical-align:baseline"> API with potentially malicious URLs as arguments, such as hxxps://216.201.159[.]118:443/cHOPH1oQ.php. This noteworthy functionality hints at possible process injection, and here even provides potential network-based indicators for further analysis.</span></p></span></section><section class="QzPuud"><div><section><figure class="NEBdNd"><section class="PBkdHd DhGbH" jscontroller="SCGBie" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md"><img class="JcsBte mZzdH ZOnyjc" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/capa-explorer-web-fig4.max-1900x1900.png" alt="https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/capa-explorer-web-fig4.max-1900x1900.png" jsname='P3Vluc' jsaction="click:HTIlC" loading="lazy"/><section class="glue-modal glue-modal--dark QHdDac" role="dialog" aria-modal="true"><img class="JcsBte mZzdH ZOnyjc" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/capa-explorer-web-fig4.max-1900x1900.png" alt="https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/capa-explorer-web-fig4.max-1900x1900.png" jsname='P3Vluc' jsaction="click:HTIlC" loading="lazy"/><button class="glue-modal__close-btn" tabindex="0" aria-label="Close this modal"></button></section></section></figure><div class="nRhiJb-cHYyed nRhiJb-DbgRPb-R6PoUb-ma6Yeb ZpqjUe"><span class="dQQu7c" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md" jscontroller="YSybTb" data-track-type="" soy-skip ssk='5:kbe95'><p>Figure 4: Dynamic analysis results in capa Explorer Web</p></span></div></section></div></section><section class="Wy08Ac nRhiJb-qJTHM-OWXEXe-hJDwNd nRhiJb-DbgRPb-II5mzb-cGMI2b"><span class="dQQu7c" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md" jscontroller="YSybTb" data-track-type="" soy-skip ssk='5:kbe95'><h3><span style="vertical-align:baseline">Rule Match Context</span></h3> <p><span style="vertical-align:baseline">Via right-click on a match row users can access additional explorer functionality. This includes viewing the rule source definition as shown in Figure 5, opening the rule definition in the </span><a href="https://mandiant.github.io/capa/rules/" rel="noopener" target="_blank"><span style="text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline">capa rules website</span></a><span style="vertical-align:baseline">, or searching for samples with this capability in VirusTotal to gain broader threat intelligence insights. The VirusTotal lookup requires a premium account.</span></p></span></section><section class="QzPuud"><div><section><figure class="NEBdNd"><section class="PBkdHd DhGbH" jscontroller="SCGBie" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md"><img class="JcsBte mZzdH ZOnyjc" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/capa-explorer-web-fig5.max-1900x1900.png" alt="https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/capa-explorer-web-fig5.max-1900x1900.png" jsname='P3Vluc' jsaction="click:HTIlC" loading="lazy"/><section class="glue-modal glue-modal--dark QHdDac" role="dialog" aria-modal="true"><img class="JcsBte mZzdH ZOnyjc" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/capa-explorer-web-fig5.max-1900x1900.png" alt="https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/capa-explorer-web-fig5.max-1900x1900.png" jsname='P3Vluc' jsaction="click:HTIlC" loading="lazy"/><button class="glue-modal__close-btn" tabindex="0" aria-label="Close this modal"></button></section></section></figure><div class="nRhiJb-cHYyed nRhiJb-DbgRPb-R6PoUb-ma6Yeb ZpqjUe"><span class="dQQu7c" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md" jscontroller="YSybTb" data-track-type="" soy-skip ssk='5:kbe95'><p>Figure 5: Inspecting the source logic via the rule match context menu</p></span></div></section></div></section><section class="Wy08Ac nRhiJb-qJTHM-OWXEXe-hJDwNd nRhiJb-DbgRPb-II5mzb-cGMI2b"><span class="dQQu7c" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md" jscontroller="YSybTb" data-track-type="" soy-skip ssk='5:kbe95'><h3><span style="vertical-align:baseline">Alternative Views Grouping Functions and Processes</span></h3> <p><span style="vertical-align:baseline">The function and process capability views in capa Explorer Web offer granular insights into program functionality, organized by their location within the analyzed sample. For static analysis results, the function capabilities view groups rule matches by function address, allowing reverse engineers to quickly identify functions with key behavior (see Figure 6).</span></p></span></section><section class="QzPuud"><div><section><figure class="NEBdNd"><section class="PBkdHd DhGbH" jscontroller="SCGBie" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md"><img class="JcsBte mZzdH ZOnyjc" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/capa-explorer-web-fig6.max-2100x2100.png" alt="https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/capa-explorer-web-fig6.max-2100x2100.png" jsname='P3Vluc' jsaction="click:HTIlC" loading="lazy"/><section class="glue-modal glue-modal--dark QHdDac" role="dialog" aria-modal="true"><img class="JcsBte mZzdH ZOnyjc" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/capa-explorer-web-fig6.max-2100x2100.png" alt="https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/capa-explorer-web-fig6.max-2100x2100.png" jsname='P3Vluc' jsaction="click:HTIlC" loading="lazy"/><button class="glue-modal__close-btn" tabindex="0" aria-label="Close this modal"></button></section></section></figure><div class="nRhiJb-cHYyed nRhiJb-DbgRPb-R6PoUb-ma6Yeb ZpqjUe"><span class="dQQu7c" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md" jscontroller="YSybTb" data-track-type="" soy-skip ssk='5:kbe95'><p>Figure 6: Static analysis results grouped by function</p></span></div></section></div></section><section class="Wy08Ac nRhiJb-qJTHM-OWXEXe-hJDwNd nRhiJb-DbgRPb-II5mzb-cGMI2b"><span class="dQQu7c" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md" jscontroller="YSybTb" data-track-type="" soy-skip ssk='5:kbe95'><p><span style="vertical-align:baseline">For dynamic analysis results, the process capabilities view organizes matches by process in a tree structure, showing Process ID (PID) and Parent Process ID (PPID) information (see Figure 7). Hovering a process column shows the respective rule matches.</span></p></span></section><section class="QzPuud"><div><section><figure class="NEBdNd"><section class="PBkdHd DhGbH" jscontroller="SCGBie" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md"><img class="JcsBte mZzdH ZOnyjc" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/capa-explorer-web-fig7.max-2100x2100.png" alt="https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/capa-explorer-web-fig7.max-2100x2100.png" jsname='P3Vluc' jsaction="click:HTIlC" loading="lazy"/><section class="glue-modal glue-modal--dark QHdDac" role="dialog" aria-modal="true"><img class="JcsBte mZzdH ZOnyjc" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/capa-explorer-web-fig7.max-2100x2100.png" alt="https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/capa-explorer-web-fig7.max-2100x2100.png" jsname='P3Vluc' jsaction="click:HTIlC" loading="lazy"/><button class="glue-modal__close-btn" tabindex="0" aria-label="Close this modal"></button></section></section></figure><div class="nRhiJb-cHYyed nRhiJb-DbgRPb-R6PoUb-ma6Yeb ZpqjUe"><span class="dQQu7c" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md" jscontroller="YSybTb" data-track-type="" soy-skip ssk='5:kbe95'><p>Figure 7: Dynamic analysis results grouped by process</p></span></div></section></div></section><section class="Wy08Ac nRhiJb-qJTHM-OWXEXe-hJDwNd nRhiJb-DbgRPb-II5mzb-cGMI2b"><span class="dQQu7c" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md" jscontroller="YSybTb" data-track-type="" soy-skip ssk='5:kbe95'><h2><span style="vertical-align:baseline">Integrating capa Explorer Web with VirusTotal </span></h2> <p><span style="vertical-align:baseline">capa </span><a href="https://blog.virustotal.com/2023/01/mandiants-capa-goresym-to-reinforce-vts.html" rel="noopener" target="_blank"><span style="text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline">has been integrated as part of VirusTotal's analysis</span></a><span style="vertical-align:baseline"> since January 2023. Our new UI integration enables users to explore capa results directly from VirusTotal. With this you do not need to acquire a sample or analyze it locally with capa. To open capa Explorer Web from VirusTotal navigate to: </span><strong style="vertical-align:baseline">Behavior</strong><span style="vertical-align:baseline"> > </span><strong style="vertical-align:baseline">Download Artifacts</strong><span style="vertical-align:baseline"> > </span><strong style="vertical-align:baseline">Open in CAPA Explorer</strong><span style="vertical-align:baseline"> (see Figure 8) or use </span><strong style="vertical-align:baseline">Open in CAPA explorer</strong><span style="vertical-align:baseline"> next to Capabilities (see Figure 9). Currently, this feature requires a premium VirusTotal subscription.</span></p> <p><span style="vertical-align:baseline">Note that not all files have capa analysis results available. capa currently only supports analysis of non-corrupted PE, .NET, and ELF x86/x64 executables.</span></p></span></section><section class="QzPuud"><div><section><figure class="NEBdNd"><section class="PBkdHd DhGbH" jscontroller="SCGBie" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md"><img class="JcsBte mZzdH ZOnyjc" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/capa-web-explorer-fig8a.max-1100x1100.png" alt="https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/capa-web-explorer-fig8a.max-1100x1100.png" jsname='P3Vluc' jsaction="click:HTIlC" loading="lazy"/><section class="glue-modal glue-modal--dark QHdDac" role="dialog" aria-modal="true"><img class="JcsBte mZzdH ZOnyjc" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/capa-web-explorer-fig8a.max-1100x1100.png" alt="https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/capa-web-explorer-fig8a.max-1100x1100.png" jsname='P3Vluc' jsaction="click:HTIlC" loading="lazy"/><button class="glue-modal__close-btn" tabindex="0" aria-label="Close this modal"></button></section></section></figure><div class="nRhiJb-cHYyed nRhiJb-DbgRPb-R6PoUb-ma6Yeb ZpqjUe"><span class="dQQu7c" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md" jscontroller="YSybTb" data-track-type="" soy-skip ssk='5:kbe95'><p>Figure 8: Access capa Explorer Web analysis from VirusTotal</p></span></div></section></div></section><section class="QzPuud"><div><section><figure class="NEBdNd"><section class="PBkdHd DhGbH" jscontroller="SCGBie" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md"><img class="JcsBte mZzdH ZOnyjc" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/capa-explorer-web-fig9.max-800x800.png" alt="https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/capa-explorer-web-fig9.max-800x800.png" jsname='P3Vluc' jsaction="click:HTIlC" loading="lazy"/><section class="glue-modal glue-modal--dark QHdDac" role="dialog" aria-modal="true"><img class="JcsBte mZzdH ZOnyjc" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/capa-explorer-web-fig9.max-800x800.png" alt="https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/capa-explorer-web-fig9.max-800x800.png" jsname='P3Vluc' jsaction="click:HTIlC" loading="lazy"/><button class="glue-modal__close-btn" tabindex="0" aria-label="Close this modal"></button></section></section></figure><div class="nRhiJb-cHYyed nRhiJb-DbgRPb-R6PoUb-ma6Yeb ZpqjUe"><span class="dQQu7c" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md" jscontroller="YSybTb" data-track-type="" soy-skip ssk='5:kbe95'><p>Figure 9: Alternative link to open capa Explorer Web analysis from VirusTotal</p></span></div></section></div></section><section class="Wy08Ac nRhiJb-qJTHM-OWXEXe-hJDwNd nRhiJb-DbgRPb-II5mzb-cGMI2b"><span class="dQQu7c" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md" jscontroller="YSybTb" data-track-type="" soy-skip ssk='5:kbe95'><p><span style="vertical-align:baseline">When reviewing a new sample on VirusTotal, an analyst can pivot directly into capa Explorer Web to identify interesting locations within the program. This workflow allows prioritization of functions for deeper code analysis in the preferred reverse engineering tool.</span></p> <h2><span style="vertical-align:baseline">Future Work</span></h2> <p><span style="vertical-align:baseline">For future enhancements of <a href="https://mandiant.github.io/capa/explorer/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">capa Explorer Web</a>, we plan to first </span><a href="https://github.com/mandiant/capa/issues/2357" rel="noopener" target="_blank"><span style="text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline">enhance the process tree view</span></a><span style="vertical-align:baseline"> mode to improve visualization of per-process matches. Additionally, we are considering new views to </span><a href="https://github.com/mandiant/capa/issues/1907" rel="noopener" target="_blank"><span style="text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline">include extracted Indicators of Compromise</span></a><span style="vertical-align:baseline"> (IoCs) for dynamic analysis. This could display extracted indicators such as URLs, file paths, and registry keys to further enhance the triage process. We are looking forward to your feedback and suggestions. Please reach out via our </span><a href="https://github.com/mandiant/capa/issues" rel="noopener" target="_blank"><span style="text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline">GitHub issues</span></a><span style="vertical-align:baseline"> page.</span></p> <h2><span style="vertical-align:baseline">Soufiane’s Google Summer of Code Acknowledgement</span></h2> <p><span style="vertical-align:baseline">Working on Google Summer of Code 2024 expanded my technical skills significantly: I learned new programming languages and frameworks, improved my code review skills, and gained practical experience with CI/CD practices and software distribution.</span><span style="vertical-align:baseline">I’d like to thank my mentors for supporting me throughout the whole project. They have been very helpful from the get-go. This project wouldn’t have gone smoothly without their feedback and encouragement.</span></p> <p><span style="vertical-align:baseline">For future (GSoC) contributors, I recommend: dive deep into the existing codebase, don't hesitate to ask questions, and always share your thoughts with the other collaborators. I'm anticipating the continued evolution of capa and other open source tools. Whether through implementing new features, improving performance, extending file format support, or enhancing visualizations and integrations with other reverse engineering tools; the potential for growth is quite exciting and you can take part in it.</span></p></span></section><section class="kcBhad"><section class="Fabbec"><span class="WrMNjb">Posted in</span><ul class="FzXI4e"><li class="I4B51b"><a href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence" track-metadata-position="body"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence"track-metadata-module="tag list"track-metadata-module_headline="posted in">Threat Intelligence</a></li></ul></section></section></div></div></div></div></div><section class="nRhiJb-DARUcf " track-metadata-module="related articles" track-metadata-module_headline="related articles"><div class="nRhiJb-DbgRPb-c5RTEf-ma6Yeb nRhiJb-DbgRPb-wNfPc-cGMI2b"><h5 class="Qwf2Db-MnozTc Qwf2Db-MnozTc-OWXEXe-MnozTc-wNfPc 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style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003eSoufiane Fariss, Willi Ballenthin, Mike Hunhoff, Genwei Jiang, Tina Johnson, Moritz Raabe\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e"]]],[null,null,[null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003e\u003ca href\u003d\"https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/capa-automatically-identify-malware-capabilities/\"\u003ecapa\u003c/a\u003e, developed by Mandiant's FLARE team, is a reverse engineering tool that automates the identification of program capabilities. In this blog post we introduce \u003c/span\u003e\u003ca href\u003d\"https://mandiant.github.io/capa/explorer/\" rel\u003d\"noopener\" target\u003d\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline\"\u003ecapa Explorer Web\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003e, a browser-based tool to display the capabilities found by capa. The capa Explorer Web UI provides an intuitive and interactive way to visualize the capa analysis results.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003eThis feature was implemented by Soufiane Fariss (\u003c/span\u003e\u003ca href\u003d\"https://github.com/s-ff\" rel\u003d\"noopener\" target\u003d\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline\"\u003e@s-ff\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003e) as part of the \u003c/span\u003e\u003ca href\u003d\"https://summerofcode.withgoogle.com/programs/2024/projects/cR3hjbsq\" rel\u003d\"noopener\" target\u003d\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline\"\u003eGoogle Summer of Code (GSoC) project\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003e that the Mandiant FLARE team mentored in 2024.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]]],[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[[[null,"\u003cp\u003eFigure 1: Using \u003ca href\u003d\"https://mandiant.github.io/capa/explorer/\"\u003ecapa Explorer Web\u003c/a\u003e to visualize the results of a \u003ca href\u003d\"https://www.virustotal.com/gui/file/2b09154b498e9959f5efbcfa768dcdc2394dc527b2785e1ce68bc8a33c6804b8\"\u003edropper\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],["https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/capa-explorer-web-fig1.max-2100x2100.png","https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/capa-explorer-web-fig1.max-1100x1100.png 1060w, https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/capa-explorer-web-fig1.max-2100x2100.png 2048w"," 1060px, 2048px","https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/capa-explorer-web-fig1.max-2100x2100.png"],null,3]]],[null,null,[null,[null,"\u003ch2\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003eBackground\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href\u003d\"https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/capa-automatically-identify-malware-capabilities/\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline\"\u003ecapa analyzes programs\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003e using various backends, such as \u003c/span\u003e\u003ca href\u003d\"https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/capa-2-better-stronger-faster/\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline\"\u003eIDA Pro\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003e, \u003c/span\u003e\u003ca href\u003d\"https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/capa-harnesses-ghidra\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline\"\u003eGhidra\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003e, and \u003c/span\u003e\u003ca href\u003d\"https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/dynamic-capa-executable-behavior-cape-sandbox/\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline\"\u003eCAPE\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003e, to extract features. Then it identifies capabilities by matching these features against rules written by experts. A program matches a capability rule when its extracted features match the set of conditions declared in the rule.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003eBefore the release of capa Explorer Web, the \u003c/span\u003e\u003ca href\u003d\"https://github.com/mandiant/capa/tree/master/capa/ida/plugin\" rel\u003d\"noopener\" target\u003d\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline\"\u003ecapa Explorer IDA\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003e plugin was the only way to interactively explore capa rule matches. Analysts without access to IDA Pro had no graphical interface to easily inspect capa results. Due to the large amount of data this was especially a shortcoming for the exploration of dynamic results, a \u003c/span\u003e\u003ca href\u003d\"https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/dynamic-capa-executable-behavior-cape-sandbox\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline\"\u003efeature introduced in capa v7.0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003e for detecting capabilities from sandbox traces.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003eIntroducing capa Explorer Web\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003ecapa Explorer Web offers an intuitive and interactive visualization of capa analysis results. Users can browse rule matches and understand the reasoning behind them. Analysts can sort, search, and filter results. The interface offers different views including a table view with rule match details (see Figure 1), a function-centric view for static analysis, and a process-tree view for dynamic analysis results.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]]],[null,["capa Explorer Web",null,"Use capa Web Explorer now!","https://mandiant.github.io/capa/explorer/",[null,"\u003cp\u003eOur web-based tool allows you to interactively browse and display \u003ca href\u003d\"https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/capa-automatically-identify-malware-capabilities/\"\u003ecapa\u003c/a\u003e results in multiple viewing modes.\u003c/p\u003e"]]],[null,null,[null,[null,"\u003ch3\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003eGetting Started\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003ecapa Explorer Web is \u003ca href\u003d\"https://mandiant.github.io/capa/explorer/\" rel\u003d\"noopener\" target\u003d\"_blank\"\u003eaccessible online at our GitHub page\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003e, and you can start analyzing capa results immediately (see Figure 2). For offline usage, you can download a standalone HTML file from the website. Similar to CyberChef, it is an HTML file that can be opened locally in a browser and works without an Internet connection.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]]],[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[[[null,"\u003cp\u003eFigure 2: capa Explorer Web home page\u003c/p\u003e"],["https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/capa-explorer-web-fig2.max-2100x2100.png","https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/capa-explorer-web-fig2.max-1100x1100.png 1060w, https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/capa-explorer-web-fig2.max-2100x2100.png 2048w"," 1060px, 2048px","https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/capa-explorer-web-fig2.max-2100x2100.png"],null,3]]],[null,null,[null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003eTo generate a capa result document, follow these quick steps to get started:\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli style\u003d\"list-style-type:decimal;vertical-align:baseline\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href\u003d\"https://github.com/mandiant/capa/blob/master/doc/installation.md\" rel\u003d\"noopener\" target\u003d\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline\"\u003eInstall capa\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003e, e.g. download the latest \u003c/span\u003e\u003ca href\u003d\"https://github.com/mandiant/capa/releases\" rel\u003d\"noopener\" target\u003d\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline\"\u003estandalone executable release\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli style\u003d\"list-style-type:decimal;vertical-align:baseline\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003eAnalyze a sample and save the JSON results: \u003c/span\u003e\u003ccode style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003ecapa.exe -j /path/to/file \u0026gt; result.json\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli style\u003d\"list-style-type:decimal;vertical-align:baseline\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003eLoad the JSON results file into capa Explorer Web\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003eLoading capa Results\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003ecapa Explorer Web allows you to load capa result documents from local JSON files, including Gzipped files. All processing occurs in your browser \u2013 no data is transferred to any server.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003eDefault Table View Showing Rule Match Details\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003eThe default web UI displays identified program capabilities in a rule match table. Users can expand, sort, filter, and search rule match details (see Figure 3). This enables analysts to triage samples faster. The table shows detailed information for each rule match \u2013 including matched features and their addresses. Users can also view and filter on rule meta information like namespaces, associated \u003c/span\u003e\u003ca href\u003d\"https://attack.mitre.org/\" rel\u003d\"noopener\" target\u003d\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline\"\u003eMITRE ATT\u0026amp;CK\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003e techniques, and \u003c/span\u003e\u003ca href\u003d\"https://github.com/MBCProject/mbc-markdown#malware-objective-descriptions\" rel\u003d\"noopener\" target\u003d\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline\"\u003eMalware Behavior Catalog classifications (MBC)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003eFigure 3 illustrates how an analyst can use capa Explorer Web to study the details of a rule match. Expanding the \u201cinject APC\u201d match row shows which features capa identified including their location in the program. This insight can streamline the identification of key behaviors and further support additional analysis \u2013 for example, when inspecting sandbox traces, debugging a sample, or analyzing the disassembled file.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]]],[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[[[null,"\u003cp\u003eFigure 3: Static analysis results in capa Explorer Web\u003c/p\u003e"],["https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/capa-explorer-web-fig3.max-1500x1500.png","https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/capa-explorer-web-fig3.max-1100x1100.png 1060w, https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/capa-explorer-web-fig3.max-1500x1500.png 1472w"," 1060px, 1472px","https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/capa-explorer-web-fig3.max-1500x1500.png"],null,3]]],[null,null,[null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003eFigure 4 demonstrates how analysts can leverage capa's dynamic analysis results to identify suspicious processes which exhibit malicious behavior. For instance, the process \"explorer.exe\" (a seemingly benign name) is shown invoking the \u003c/span\u003e\u003ccode style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003eInternetCrackUrl\u003c/code\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003e API with potentially malicious URLs as arguments, such as hxxps://216.201.159[.]118:443/cHOPH1oQ.php. This noteworthy functionality hints at possible process injection, and here even provides potential network-based indicators for further analysis.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]]],[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[[[null,"\u003cp\u003eFigure 4: Dynamic analysis results in capa Explorer Web\u003c/p\u003e"],["https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/capa-explorer-web-fig4.max-1900x1900.png","https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/capa-explorer-web-fig4.max-1100x1100.png 1060w, https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/capa-explorer-web-fig4.max-1900x1900.png 1878w"," 1060px, 1878px","https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/capa-explorer-web-fig4.max-1900x1900.png"],null,3]]],[null,null,[null,[null,"\u003ch3\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003eRule Match Context\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003eVia right-click on a match row users can access additional explorer functionality. This includes viewing the rule source definition as shown in Figure 5, opening the rule definition in the \u003c/span\u003e\u003ca href\u003d\"https://mandiant.github.io/capa/rules/\" rel\u003d\"noopener\" target\u003d\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline\"\u003ecapa rules website\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003e, or searching for samples with this capability in VirusTotal to gain broader threat intelligence insights. The VirusTotal lookup requires a premium account.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]]],[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[[[null,"\u003cp\u003eFigure 5: Inspecting the source logic via the rule match context menu\u003c/p\u003e"],["https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/capa-explorer-web-fig5.max-1900x1900.png","https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/capa-explorer-web-fig5.max-1100x1100.png 1060w, https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/capa-explorer-web-fig5.max-1900x1900.png 1885w"," 1060px, 1885px","https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/capa-explorer-web-fig5.max-1900x1900.png"],null,3]]],[null,null,[null,[null,"\u003ch3\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003eAlternative Views Grouping Functions and Processes\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003eThe function and process capability views in capa Explorer Web offer granular insights into program functionality, organized by their location within the analyzed sample. For static analysis results, the function capabilities view groups rule matches by function address, allowing reverse engineers to quickly identify functions with key behavior (see Figure 6).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]]],[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[[[null,"\u003cp\u003eFigure 6: Static analysis results grouped by function\u003c/p\u003e"],["https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/capa-explorer-web-fig6.max-2100x2100.png","https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/capa-explorer-web-fig6.max-1100x1100.png 1060w, https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/capa-explorer-web-fig6.max-2100x2100.png 2048w"," 1060px, 2048px","https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/capa-explorer-web-fig6.max-2100x2100.png"],null,3]]],[null,null,[null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003eFor dynamic analysis results, the process capabilities view organizes matches by process in a tree structure, showing Process ID (PID) and Parent Process ID (PPID) information (see Figure 7). Hovering a process column shows the respective rule matches.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]]],[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[[[null,"\u003cp\u003eFigure 7: Dynamic analysis results grouped by process\u003c/p\u003e"],["https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/capa-explorer-web-fig7.max-2100x2100.png","https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/capa-explorer-web-fig7.max-1100x1100.png 1060w, https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/capa-explorer-web-fig7.max-2100x2100.png 2048w"," 1060px, 2048px","https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/capa-explorer-web-fig7.max-2100x2100.png"],null,3]]],[null,null,[null,[null,"\u003ch2\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003eIntegrating capa Explorer Web with VirusTotal\u00a0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003ecapa \u003c/span\u003e\u003ca href\u003d\"https://blog.virustotal.com/2023/01/mandiants-capa-goresym-to-reinforce-vts.html\" rel\u003d\"noopener\" target\u003d\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline\"\u003ehas been integrated as part of VirusTotal's analysis\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003e since January 2023. Our new UI integration enables users to explore capa results directly from VirusTotal. With this you do not need to acquire a sample or analyze it locally with capa. To open capa Explorer Web from VirusTotal navigate to: \u003c/span\u003e\u003cstrong style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003eBehavior\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003e \u0026gt; \u003c/span\u003e\u003cstrong style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003eDownload Artifacts\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003e \u0026gt; \u003c/span\u003e\u003cstrong style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003eOpen in CAPA Explorer\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003e (see Figure 8) or use \u003c/span\u003e\u003cstrong style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003eOpen in CAPA explorer\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003e next to Capabilities (see Figure 9). Currently, this feature requires a premium VirusTotal subscription.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003eNote that not all files have capa analysis results available. capa currently only supports analysis of non-corrupted PE, .NET, and ELF x86/x64 executables.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]]],[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[[[null,"\u003cp\u003eFigure 8: Access capa Explorer Web analysis from VirusTotal\u003c/p\u003e"],["https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/capa-web-explorer-fig8a.max-1100x1100.png","https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/capa-web-explorer-fig8a.max-1100x1100.png 1060w, https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/capa-web-explorer-fig8a.max-1100x1100.png 1097w"," 1060px, 1097px","https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/capa-web-explorer-fig8a.max-1100x1100.png"],null,3]]],[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[[[null,"\u003cp\u003eFigure 9: Alternative link to open capa Explorer Web analysis from VirusTotal\u003c/p\u003e"],["https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/capa-explorer-web-fig9.max-800x800.png","https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/capa-explorer-web-fig9.max-800x800.png 707w, https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/capa-explorer-web-fig9.max-800x800.png 707w"," 707px, 707px","https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/capa-explorer-web-fig9.max-800x800.png"],null,3]]],[null,null,[null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003eWhen reviewing a new sample on VirusTotal, an analyst can pivot directly into capa Explorer Web to identify interesting locations within the program. This workflow allows prioritization of functions for deeper code analysis in the preferred reverse engineering tool.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003eFuture Work\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003eFor future enhancements of \u003ca href\u003d\"https://mandiant.github.io/capa/explorer/\" rel\u003d\"noopener\" target\u003d\"_blank\"\u003ecapa Explorer Web\u003c/a\u003e, we plan to first \u003c/span\u003e\u003ca href\u003d\"https://github.com/mandiant/capa/issues/2357\" rel\u003d\"noopener\" target\u003d\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline\"\u003eenhance the process tree view\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003e mode to improve visualization of per-process matches. Additionally, we are considering new views to \u003c/span\u003e\u003ca href\u003d\"https://github.com/mandiant/capa/issues/1907\" rel\u003d\"noopener\" target\u003d\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline\"\u003einclude extracted Indicators of Compromise\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003e (IoCs) for dynamic analysis. This could display extracted indicators such as URLs, file paths, and registry keys to further enhance the triage process. We are looking forward to your feedback and suggestions. Please reach out via our \u003c/span\u003e\u003ca href\u003d\"https://github.com/mandiant/capa/issues\" rel\u003d\"noopener\" target\u003d\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline\"\u003eGitHub issues\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003e page.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003eSoufiane\u2019s Google Summer of Code Acknowledgement\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003eWorking on Google Summer of Code 2024 expanded my technical skills significantly: I learned new programming languages and frameworks, improved my code review skills, and gained practical experience with CI/CD practices and software distribution.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003eI\u2019d like to thank my mentors for supporting me throughout the whole project. They have been very helpful from the get-go. This project wouldn\u2019t have gone smoothly without their feedback and encouragement.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"vertical-align:baseline\"\u003eFor future (GSoC) contributors, I recommend: dive deep into the existing codebase, don't hesitate to ask questions, and always share your thoughts with the other collaborators. I'm anticipating the continued evolution of capa and other open source tools. Whether through implementing new features, improving performance, extending file format support, or enhancing visualizations and integrations with other reverse engineering tools; the potential for growth is quite exciting and you can take part in it.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]]]],[["Threat Intelligence","Seeing Through a GLASSBRIDGE: Understanding the Digital Marketing Ecosystem Spreading Pro-PRC Influence Operations","GLASSBRIDGE is an umbrella group of four different companies that operate networks of inauthentic news sites and newswire services.",["https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/threat-intelligence-default-banner-simplifie.max-700x700.png","https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/threat-intelligence-default-banner-simplifie.max-400x400.png 324w, https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/threat-intelligence-default-banner-simplifie.max-700x700.png 648w"," 324px, 648px","https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/threat-intelligence-default-banner-simplifie.max-700x700.png"],null,6,null,"https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/glassbridge-pro-prc-influence-operations",null,1,[["Google Threat Intelligence Group "]],null,"55620"],["Threat Intelligence","Empowering Gemini for Malware Analysis with Code Interpreter and Google Threat Intelligence","When used for malware analysis, Gemini now has capabilities to address obfuscation, and obtain insights on IOCs.",["https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/threat-intelligence-default-banner-simplifie.max-700x700.png","https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/threat-intelligence-default-banner-simplifie.max-400x400.png 324w, https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/threat-intelligence-default-banner-simplifie.max-700x700.png 648w"," 324px, 648px","https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/threat-intelligence-default-banner-simplifie.max-700x700.png"],null,6,null,"https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/gemini-malware-analysis-code-interpreter-threat-intelligence",null,1,[["Bernardo Quintero"],["Andr\u00e9s Ram\u00edrez"]],null,"55597"],["Threat Intelligence","Pirates in the Data Sea: AI Enhancing Your Adversarial Emulation","Learn how Mandiant Red Team is using Gemini and LLMs for adversarial emulation and defense.",["https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/threat-intelligence-default-banner-simplifie.max-700x700.png","https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/threat-intelligence-default-banner-simplifie.max-400x400.png 324w, https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/threat-intelligence-default-banner-simplifie.max-700x700.png 648w"," 324px, 648px","https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/threat-intelligence-default-banner-simplifie.max-700x700.png"],null,25,null,"https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/ai-enhancing-your-adversarial-emulation",null,1,[["Mandiant "]],null,"55578"],["Threat Intelligence","Emerging Threats: Cybersecurity Forecast 2025","The Cybersecurity Forecast 2025 is here to arm security professionals with knowledge about the year ahead.",["https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/threat-intelligence-default-banner-simplifie.max-700x700.png","https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/threat-intelligence-default-banner-simplifie.max-400x400.png 324w, https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/threat-intelligence-default-banner-simplifie.max-700x700.png 648w"," 324px, 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