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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>A national movement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-A_national_movement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Great_Disappointment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Great_Disappointment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Great Disappointment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Great_Disappointment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-Great_Disappointment_Millerism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-Great_Disappointment_Millerism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Post-Great Disappointment Millerism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-Great_Disappointment_Millerism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Doctrine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Doctrine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Doctrine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Doctrine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Influence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Influence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Influence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Influence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Further reading subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Historiography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historiography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Historiography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historiography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Primary_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primary_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Primary sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Primary_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_Fiction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_Fiction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>In Fiction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_Fiction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> 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href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movimiento_Millerita" title="Movimiento Millerita – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Movimiento Millerita" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mill%C3%A9risme" title="Millérisme – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Millérisme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millerita_mozgalom" title="Millerita mozgalom – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Millerita mozgalom" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milerisma" title="Milerisma – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Milerisma" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milleryzm" title="Milleryzm – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Milleryzm" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millerismo" title="Millerismo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Millerismo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millerites" title="Millerites – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Millerites" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millercilik" title="Millercilik – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Millercilik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Міллеризм – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Міллеризм" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li 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class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Christian movement founded by William Miller</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about followers of William Miller. 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.sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="width:17em;border-collapse:collapse;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="background-color: #5A864B;color:#FFFFFF">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Adventism" title="Category:Adventism"> <span style="color:White;">a series</span></a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background-color: #5A864B;color:#FFFFFF;font-size:150%; color:#FFFFFF"><a href="/wiki/Adventism" title="Adventism"> <span style="color:White;">Adventism</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:William_Miller.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="William Miller"><img alt="William Miller" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/William_Miller.jpg/130px-William_Miller.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/William_Miller.jpg/195px-William_Miller.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/William_Miller.jpg/260px-William_Miller.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4600" data-file-height="5750" /></a></span><div class="sidebar-caption"><a href="/wiki/William_Miller_(preacher)" title="William Miller (preacher)">William Miller</a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #5A864B;color:#FFFFFF;background: #5A864B;padding:0.2em;color:#FFFFFF;color: var(--color-base)">Background</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em; text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color: #98FB98; border:2px solid #98FB98;"><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Anabaptist" class="mw-redirect" title="Anabaptist">Anabaptists</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Restorationism" title="Restorationism">Restorationism</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Pietism" title="Pietism">Pietism</a><br /><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Millerism</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #5A864B;color:#FFFFFF;background: #5A864B;padding:0.2em;color:#FFFFFF;color: var(--color-base)">History</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em; text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color: #98FB98; border:2px solid #98FB98;"><a href="/wiki/Second_Great_Awakening" title="Second Great Awakening">Second Great Awakening</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Great_Disappointment" title="Great Disappointment">Great Disappointment</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #5A864B;color:#FFFFFF;background: #5A864B;padding:0.2em;color:#FFFFFF;color: var(--color-base)">Biographies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em; text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color: #98FB98; border:2px solid #98FB98;"><a href="/wiki/William_Miller_(preacher)" title="William Miller (preacher)">William Miller</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Nelson_H._Barbour" title="Nelson H. Barbour">Nelson H. Barbour</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Bates_(Adventist)" title="Joseph Bates (Adventist)">Joseph Bates</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Sylvester_Bliss" title="Sylvester Bliss">Sylvester Bliss</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Elon_Galusha" title="Elon Galusha">Elon Galusha</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Apollos_Hale" title="Apollos Hale">Apollos Hale</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Joshua_V._Himes" title="Joshua V. Himes">Joshua V. Himes</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Litch" title="Josiah Litch">Josiah Litch</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Oakes_Preston" title="Rachel Oakes Preston">Rachel O. Preston</a><br /><a href="/wiki/T._M._Preble" title="T. M. Preble">T. M. Preble</a><br /><a href="/wiki/George_Storrs" title="George Storrs">George Storrs</a><br /><a href="/wiki/John_T._Walsh_(Adventist)" title="John T. Walsh (Adventist)">John T. Walsh</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Jonas_Wendell" title="Jonas Wendell">Jonas Wendell</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Ellen_G._White" title="Ellen G. White">Ellen G. White</a><br /><a href="/wiki/James_Springer_White" class="mw-redirect" title="James Springer White">James White</a><br /><a href="/wiki/John_Thomas_(Christadelphian)" title="John Thomas (Christadelphian)">John Thomas</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #5A864B;color:#FFFFFF;background: #5A864B;padding:0.2em;color:#FFFFFF;color: var(--color-base)">Theology</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em; text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color: #98FB98; border:2px solid #98FB98;"><a href="/wiki/Annihilationism" title="Annihilationism">Annihilationism</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Christian_conditionalism" title="Christian conditionalism">Conditional immortality</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Historicism_(Christianity)" title="Historicism (Christianity)">Historicism</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Intermediate_state_(Christianity)" title="Intermediate state (Christianity)">Intermediate state</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Premillennialism" title="Premillennialism">Premillennialism</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #5A864B;color:#FFFFFF;background: #5A864B;padding:0.2em;color:#FFFFFF;color: var(--color-base)">Denominations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em; text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color: #98FB98; border:2px solid #98FB98;"><a href="/wiki/Advent_Christian_Church" title="Advent Christian Church">Advent Christian Church</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Seventh-day_Adventist_Church" title="Seventh-day Adventist Church">Seventh-day Adventist Church</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Church_of_God_(Seventh-Day)" class="mw-redirect" title="Church of God (Seventh-Day)">Church of God (Seventh-Day)</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Church_of_God_General_Conference" title="Church of God General Conference">Church of God General Conference</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Blessed_Hope" title="Church of the Blessed Hope">Church of the Blessed Hope</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Seventh_Day_Adventist_Reform_Movement" title="Seventh Day Adventist Reform Movement">Seventh Day Adventist Reform Movement</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Shepherd%27s_Rod" title="Shepherd's Rod">Shepherd's Rod</a><br /><a href="/wiki/United_Seventh-Day_Brethren" title="United Seventh-Day Brethren">United Seventh-Day Brethren</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Branch_Davidians" title="Branch Davidians">Branch Davidians</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Primitive_Advent_Christian_Church" title="Primitive Advent Christian Church">Primitive Advent Christian Church</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Sabbath_Rest_Advent_Church" title="Sabbath Rest Advent Church">Sabbath Rest Advent Church</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Adventist_Church_of_Promise" title="Adventist Church of Promise">Adventist Church of Promise</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Creation_Seventh_Day_Adventist_Church" title="Creation Seventh Day Adventist Church">Creation Seventh Day Adventist Church</a><br /><a href="/wiki/True_and_Free_Seventh-day_Adventists" title="True and Free Seventh-day Adventists">True and Free Seventh-day Adventists</a><br /><a href="/wiki/United_Sabbath-Day_Adventist_Church" title="United Sabbath-Day Adventist Church">United Sabbath-Day Adventist Church</a><br /><a href="/wiki/International_Missionary_Society" title="International Missionary Society">International Missionary Society</a><br /><a href="/wiki/True_Jesus_Church" title="True Jesus Church">True Jesus Church</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="padding-top:0.15em;"> <p><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> • <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a> </p> <span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/16px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/24px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/32px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Christianity" title="Portal:Christianity">Christianity portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Adventism" title="Template:Adventism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Adventism" title="Template talk:Adventism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Adventism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Adventism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Millerites</b> were the followers of the teachings of <a href="/wiki/William_Miller_(preacher)" title="William Miller (preacher)">William Miller</a>, who in 1831 first shared publicly his belief that the <a href="/wiki/Second_Coming" title="Second Coming">Second Advent</a> of <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus Christ</a> would occur in roughly the year 1843–1844. Coming during the <a href="/wiki/Second_Great_Awakening" title="Second Great Awakening">Second Great Awakening</a>, his teachings were spread widely and grew in popularity, which led to the event known as the <a href="/wiki/Great_Disappointment" title="Great Disappointment">Great Disappointment</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origins">Origins</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Millerism&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Miller was a prosperous farmer, a <a href="/wiki/Baptist" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptist">Baptist</a> <a href="/wiki/Laity" title="Laity">lay</a> preacher, and student of the Bible living in northeastern <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a>. He spent years of intensive study of symbolic meaning of the <a href="/wiki/Prophecy" title="Prophecy">prophecies</a> of <a href="/wiki/Daniel_(biblical_figure)" title="Daniel (biblical figure)">Daniel</a>, especially Daniel 8:14 (Unto two thousand and three hundred days; then shall the sanctuary be cleansed), the <a href="/wiki/Daniel_8" title="Daniel 8">2,300-day prophecy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-sylvester1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sylvester1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Miller believed that the cleansing of the sanctuary represented the Earth's destruction by fire at Christ's <a href="/wiki/Second_Coming" title="Second Coming">Second Coming</a>. Using the <a href="/wiki/Day-year_principle" title="Day-year principle">year-day method</a> of prophetic interpretation, Miller became convinced that the 2,300-day period started in 457 BC with the decree to rebuild <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> by <a href="/wiki/Artaxerxes_I_of_Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Artaxerxes I of Persia">Artaxerxes I of Persia</a>. Simple calculation then indicated that this period would end about 1843. In September 1822, Miller formally stated his conclusions in a twenty-point document, including article 15, "I believe that the second coming of Jesus Christ is near, even at the door, even within twenty-one years,—on or before 1843."<sup id="cite_ref-sylvester1_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sylvester1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This document remained private for many years. Miller did eventually share his views, first to a few friends privately and later to some ministerial acquaintances. Initially he was disappointed at the lack of response from those he spoke to. "To my astonishment, I found very few who listened with any interest. Occasionally, one would see the force of the evidence, but the great majority passed it by as an idle tale."<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Miller states that he began his public lecturing in the village of <a href="/wiki/Dresden,_Washington_County,_New_York" title="Dresden, Washington County, New York">Dresden, Washington County, New York</a>, some 16 miles from his home, on "the first Sabbath in August 1833."<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, as <a href="/wiki/Sylvester_Bliss" title="Sylvester Bliss">Sylvester Bliss</a> points out, "The printed article from which this is copied was written in 1845. By an examination of his correspondence, it appears that he must have begun to lecture in August 1831. So that this date is a mistake of the printer or an error in Mr. Miller's memory."<sup id="cite_ref-sylvester1_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sylvester1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1832, Miller submitted a series of sixteen articles to the <i>Vermont Telegraph</i>—a <a href="/wiki/Baptist" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptist">Baptist</a> paper. The first of these was published on May 15, and Miller writes of the public's response, "I began to be flooded with letters of inquiry respecting my views, and visitors flocked to converse with me on the subject."<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1834, unable to personally comply with many of the urgent requests for information and the invitations to travel and preach that he received, Miller published a synopsis of his teachings in a "little tract of 64 pages." These he "...scattered, the most of them gratuitously, sending them in reply to letters of inquiry and to places which I could not visit."<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="A_national_movement">A national movement</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Millerism&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: A national movement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2300days.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/2300days.jpg/480px-2300days.jpg" decoding="async" width="480" height="69" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/2300days.jpg/720px-2300days.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/06/2300days.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="115" /></a><figcaption>Miller's interpretation of the <i>2,300-day</i> prophecy time line and its relation to the <i>70-week</i> prophecy.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ezrachonology.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Ezrachonology.jpg/480px-Ezrachonology.jpg" decoding="async" width="480" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Ezrachonology.jpg/720px-Ezrachonology.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8b/Ezrachonology.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="202" /></a><figcaption>The beginning of the <i>2,300 days</i>: The decree of Artaxerses in the 7th year of his reign (457 BC) as recorded in Ezra marks the beginning of the <i>2300 days</i>. King's reigns were counted from New Year to New Year following an <i>Accession Year</i>. The Persian New Year began in Nisan (March–April). The Jewish civil New Year began in Tishri (September–October).</figcaption></figure> <p>From 1840 onward, <b>Millerism</b> was transformed from an "obscure, regional movement into a national campaign."<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The key figure in this transformation was <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Vaughan_Himes" class="mw-redirect" title="Joshua Vaughan Himes">Joshua Vaughan Himes</a>—the pastor of Chardon Street Chapel in <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>, and a publisher. Though Himes did not fully accept Miller's ideas until 1842, he established the fortnightly paper <i><a href="/wiki/Signs_of_the_Times_(magazine)" title="Signs of the Times (magazine)">Signs of the Times</a></i> to publicize them. The first edition was published on February 28, 1840, with Himes as editor. It continues to be published by the <a href="/wiki/Seventh-day_Adventist_Church" title="Seventh-day Adventist Church">Seventh-day Adventist Church</a> as a monthly evangelistic magazine under the same name. Periodical literature played a part in the rapid and widespread dissemination of Millerite beliefs. "From first to last the power of the press, in this particular form, was one of the foremost factors in the success of this now vigorous, expanding movement."<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to the <i>Signs of the Times</i> based in Boston, Millerite papers were published in numerous cities including New York City, <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rochester,_New_York" title="Rochester, New York">Rochester</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cleveland" title="Cleveland">Cleveland</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a>, Quebec.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There were at least 48 Millerite periodicals that circulated in the period leading up to the <a href="/wiki/Great_Disappointment" title="Great Disappointment">Great Disappointment</a>. The majority of these, however, were quite short-lived—often a new paper was started whenever a Millerite evangelistic campaign entered a new area.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As well as publications based on geography, the Millerites issued various papers targeting different groups. <i>The Advent Message to the Daughters of Zion</i> focused on female readers, and was first published in May 1844. <i>The Advent Shield</i> was a more academically orientated paper published in Boston and edited by <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Vaughan_Himes" class="mw-redirect" title="Joshua Vaughan Himes">Joshua Vaughan Himes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sylvester_Bliss" title="Sylvester Bliss">Sylvester Bliss</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Apollos_Hale" title="Apollos Hale">Apollos Hale</a>. Its announced purpose was to "defend the doctrine from the attacks of the enemies, to exhibit the unscriptural position of the opponents, and furnish the truth to those who were ready to receive it."<sup id="cite_ref-Mormon_Millenarian_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mormon_Millenarian-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While only three issues were produced: in May 1844, January 1845, and a final issue in April 1845; it was the largest of the Millerite papers, the first two issues each having 144 pages, and the final having 250.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the various dates of Christ's predicted return approached, Millerite publishing increased. In May 1843, 21,000 copies of the various Millerite papers were published for distribution each week. In New York alone, in the five-month period ending April 1843, 600,000 copies of various publications were distributed. In December 1843, Himes proposed the publication of one million tracts, while in May 1844, he announced that five million copies of Millerite publications had been distributed up to that time.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ruth Alden Doan examined the geographical distribution of correspondents to the Millerite periodical <i>Signs of the Times</i> from 1840 to 1847. Out of a total of 615 correspondents, she found that the 131 correspondents from New York State provided the largest group. <a href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">Vermont</a> provided another 107, with <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a> (excluding Vermont) accounting for a further 279. Outside of these areas, representation was sparse: 23 in <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Delaware" title="Delaware">Delaware</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a> combined; just 65 from the west—including 20 from <a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a>; and only 10 from the <a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">Southern States</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While it seems then, that the vast majority of Miller’s followers were of local origin, his message was not limited to his local area—nor even to the United States. Miller preached across the border in Canada’s <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Townships" title="Eastern Townships">Eastern Townships</a> on at least three occasions: in 1835, 1838 and 1840. He made a number of converts there and gained the support of some of the local clergy. At least five Millerite papers were published in Canada: the <i>Faithful Watchman</i>—published in <a href="/wiki/Sherbrooke" title="Sherbrooke">Sherbrooke</a> from January 1843; the influential <i>Voice of Elijah</i>, published in Montreal from June 1843; the short-lived <i>Hope of the Church</i> in <a href="/wiki/St._Thomas,_Ontario" title="St. Thomas, Ontario">St. Thomas</a> in 1844; <i>Behold, He Cometh</i> in <a href="/wiki/Hamilton,_Ontario" title="Hamilton, Ontario">Hamilton</a>, and the <i>Bridegroom's Herald</i> in Toronto, both from mid-1844.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many travelers or emigrants to the United States who had heard the Second Advent message there returned to their home districts to preach. From 1841, Millerite evangelists appeared in Great Britain, also, though he never travelled there himself. In addition to the nearly $1,000 that Miller and Himes spent supplying literature to enquirers and evangelists in Great Britain, "there is evidence that [in <a href="/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bristol" title="Bristol">Bristol</a>, and other ports] local Millerite pioneers borrowed copies of Miller's works and Adventist magazines from visiting American sea captains and merchants."<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As well as using imported American literature, two Millerite papers were published locally in Great Britain: the <i>Second Advent Harbinger</i> in Bristol, and the <i>British Midnight Cry</i> in Liverpool.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Millerite message entered Australia through the Canadian paper <i>Voice of Elijah</i>. Thomas Playford, living in <a href="/wiki/Adelaide" title="Adelaide">Adelaide</a>, was converted thus. Playford spread the Millerite message in Australia, even publishing a book of his sermons: <i>Discourses on the Second Advent of Jesus Christ</i>. Playford’s preaching apparently resulted in a number of converts.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An English Millerite by the name of James William Bonham sent copies of <i>The Midnight Cry</i> to <a href="/wiki/Van_Diemen%27s_Land" title="Van Diemen's Land">Van Diemen’s Land</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Tasmania" title="Tasmania">Tasmania</a>), though no record remains of their effect.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a similar manner, converts were made in <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a>. A letter published in <i>The Midnight Cry</i> of October 12, 1843, from a Mrs. O. S. Burnham of Kaloa, the <a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_Islands" title="Hawaiian Islands">Sandwich Islands</a>, (now Hawaii) stated that she and her husband had accepted the Millerite message and were worshipping with a small company of believers.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite the urging of his supporters, Miller never personally set an exact date for the expected Second Advent. However, in response to their urgings he did narrow the time-period to sometime in the <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">year</a> 1843, stating: "My principles in brief, are, that Jesus Christ will come again to this earth, cleanse, purify, and take possession of the same, with all the saints, sometime between March 21, 1843 and March 21, 1844"<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> March 21, 1844 passed without incident, and the majority of Millerites maintained their faith. On March 25, Miller wrote to Himes, "I am still looking for the Dear Savior... The time, as I have calculated it, is now filled up; and I expect every moment to see the Savior descend from <a href="/wiki/Heaven" title="Heaven">heaven</a>. I have now nothing to look for but this glorious hope."<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/George_R._Knight" title="George R. Knight">George R. Knight</a>, the movement's survival was a result of the fact that, "the Millerite leaders had been ‘soft’ on the time... They allowed for the possibility of small errors in their calculations and even in some of their historic dates."<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In fact, on February 28, Miller himself had written, "If Christ comes, as we expect, we will sing the song of victory soon; if not, we will watch, and pray, and preach until he comes, for soon our time, and all prophetic days, will have been filled."<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Further discussion and study resulted in the brief adoption of a new date—April 18, 1844, one based on the <a href="/wiki/Karaite_Judaism" title="Karaite Judaism">Karaite Jewish</a> calendar (as opposed to the <a href="/wiki/Rabbinic_Judaism" title="Rabbinic Judaism">Rabbinic</a> calendar).<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Like the previous date, April 18 passed without Christ's return. More study led the Millerites to believe that they had entered the "tarrying time"—a time of waiting after which Christ would finally return.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This belief sustained the Millerites through the months of May to July 1844. As Knight notes however, this period represented a "flatness in Millerite evangelism," when even the Millerite preachers must have experienced diminished certainty.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In August 1844 at a camp-meeting in <a href="/wiki/Exeter,_New_Hampshire" title="Exeter, New Hampshire">Exeter</a>, New Hampshire, everything changed when <a href="/wiki/Samuel_S._Snow" title="Samuel S. Snow">Samuel S. Snow</a> presented a message of earth-shattering proportions—what became known as the "seventh-month" message or the "true midnight cry."<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a complex discussion based on scriptural <a href="/wiki/Typology_(theology)" title="Typology (theology)">typology</a>, Snow presented his conclusion (still based on the 2,300-day prophecy in Daniel 8:14), that Christ would return on, "the tenth day of the seventh month of the present year, 1844."<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Again using the calendar of the <a href="/wiki/Karaite_Judaism" title="Karaite Judaism">Karaite Jews</a>, this date was determined to be October 22, 1844. This "seventh month message" "spread with a rapidity unparalleled in the Millerite experience" amongst the general population. The situation caught many of the established leaders—including Himes and Miller himself, by surprise. Knight reports that, "There is no evidence that any of the foremost Millerite preachers accepted this <a href="/wiki/Grassroots" title="Grassroots">grass-roots</a> development until late September. Most did not accept it until early October."<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Great_Disappointment">Great Disappointment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Millerism&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Great Disappointment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Great_Disappointment" title="Great Disappointment">Great Disappointment</a></div> <p>October 22, 1844, the day Jesus was expected to return, ended like any other day<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to the disappointment of the Millerites. Both Millerite leaders and followers were left generally bewildered and disillusioned. Responses varied: some Millerites continued to look daily for Christ’s return, others predicted different dates—among them April, July, and October 1845. Some theorized that the world had entered the seventh millennium, the "<a href="/wiki/Great_Sabbath" title="Great Sabbath">Great Sabbath</a>", and that, therefore, the saved should not work.<sup id="cite_ref-George_R._Knight_1999_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-George_R._Knight_1999-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Others acted as children, basing their belief on Jesus’ words in Mark 10:15, "Truly, I say to you, whoever does not receive the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_God" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of God">kingdom of God</a> like a child shall not enter it." O. J. D. Pickands used Revelation 14:14–16 to teach that Christ was now sitting on a white cloud, and must be prayed down. Some simply gave up their beliefs and attempted to rebuild their lives.<sup id="cite_ref-George_R._Knight_1999_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-George_R._Knight_1999-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some members rejoined their previous denominations, while a substantial number became <a href="/wiki/Shakers" title="Shakers">Shakers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hundreds joined the <a href="/wiki/Shakers" title="Shakers">Shakers</a>, who believed that Christ had already appeared for the second time in the person of Mother <a href="/wiki/Ann_Lee" title="Ann Lee">Ann Lee</a>. The "Advents'" impact was greatest on the Shaker villages at <a href="/wiki/Union_Village_Shaker_settlement" title="Union Village Shaker settlement">Union Village</a> and <a href="/wiki/Whitewater_Shaker_Settlement" title="Whitewater Shaker Settlement">Whitewater, Ohio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Shaker_Village_Historic_District" title="Harvard Shaker Village Historic District">Harvard, Massachusetts</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Canterbury_Shaker_Village" title="Canterbury Shaker Village">Canterbury, New Hampshire</a>. Some remained Shakers for the rest of their lives; others left after a short time.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Post-Great_Disappointment_Millerism">Post-Great Disappointment Millerism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Millerism&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Post-Great Disappointment Millerism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Adventism" title="Adventism">Adventism</a></div> <p>In the confusion that followed the Great Disappointment it seemed that almost every Millerite had an opinion—all of them different. Miller said that in one week he received sixteen different papers advocating different views, all claiming to be Advent papers.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Much of the responsibility for this proliferation of viewpoints must be shouldered by Miller, whose Rules of Biblical Interpretation outlined a method of biblical study that encouraged each person to read the Bible and to "do theology" for themselves. By mid-1845, doctrinal lines amongst the various Millerite groups began to solidify, emphasizing their differences—a process <a href="/wiki/George_R._Knight" title="George R. Knight">Knight</a> terms "<a href="/wiki/Sect" title="Sect">sect</a> building."<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During this time three main Millerite groups formed, in addition to those who had simply given up their beliefs. The first major division of the Millerite groups who had not completely given up their belief in Christ’s Second Advent were those who accepted a <a href="/wiki/Shut-door_theology" title="Shut-door theology">shut-door theology</a>. This belief was popularized by Joseph Turner and was based on that key Millerite passage: Matthew 25:1–13—the <a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_Ten_Virgins" title="Parable of the Ten Virgins">Parable of the Ten Virgins</a>. The shut door mentioned in verses 11–12 was interpreted as the "close of probation". As Knight explains, "After the door was shut, there would be no additional salvation. The wise virgins (true believers) would be in the kingdom, while the foolish virgins and all others would be on the outside."<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The belief became a major issue upon the publication in January 1845, of an article by <a href="/wiki/Apollos_Hale" title="Apollos Hale">Apollos Hale</a> and Turner in <i>The Advent Mirror</i>. This article tied the shut-door concept to October 22, 1844, teaching that the work of general salvation was finished at that date—Christ came spiritually as the Bridegroom, the wise virgins had entered into the wedding feast, and the door was then shut on all others.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This first group is commonly known as either the "shut-door" or "spiritualizer" group. The widespread acceptance of the "shut-door" belief lost ground as doubts were raised about the significance of the October 22, 1844, date—if nothing happened on that date, then there could be no shut door. The opposition to these "shut-door" beliefs was led by <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Vaughan_Himes" class="mw-redirect" title="Joshua Vaughan Himes">Joshua Vaughan Himes</a> and make up the second post-'Great Disappointment' group. This faction soon gained the upper hand, even converting Miller to their point of view. On March 20, 1845, the <i>Morning Watch</i> published a call by Himes for a conference. The <a href="/wiki/Adventism#Albany_Conference_(1845)" title="Adventism">Albany Conference</a> was to have three purposes: </p> <ol><li>"to strengthen one another in the faith of the Advent at the door,"</li> <li>"to consult on the best mode of unitedly carrying forth our work, in comforting and preparing the Advent congregations among us for the speedy coming of the Lord," and</li> <li>"to unite our efforts, for the conversion and salvation of sinners."<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <p>Notably, the stated purpose of the conference was not to debate controversial doctrines. In fact the invitation was extended only to those Adventists who "still adhere to the original faith." The Shut-door Adventists and others who had developed new doctrines were therefore explicitly excluded. The biggest draw was to be the presence of Miller. In fact Himes wrote to Miller on March 27, 1845, saying, "all depends upon your being there."<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Albany Conference began on April 29, 1845, and was to be, "one of the most significant Adventist meetings in the history of post-October 1844 Adventism." The delegates to the Albany Conference – including prominent Millerite leaders such as Miller, Himes. <a href="/wiki/Elon_Galusha" title="Elon Galusha">Elon Galusha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Josiah_Litch" title="Josiah Litch">Josiah Litch</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sylvester_Bliss" title="Sylvester Bliss">Sylvester Bliss</a>; accomplished three main tasks: </p> <ol><li>The production of a ten-point statement of belief.</li> <li>The development of a plan for evangelism that involved further organization, including the establishment of <a href="/wiki/Sunday_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunday School">Sunday Schools</a> and Bible classes; and the ordination of selected believers as ministers.</li> <li>The passing of a series of resolutions that rejected a number of beliefs and practices seen as extreme; including mixed <a href="/wiki/Maundy_(foot_washing)" title="Maundy (foot washing)">foot-washing</a>, compulsory <a href="/wiki/Holy_kiss" title="Holy kiss">salutation kissing</a>, shaving one's head, and acting childlike.</li></ol> <p>The Albany Conference group of Millerites formed the Evangelical Adventists out of which rose the <a href="/wiki/Advent_Christian_Church" title="Advent Christian Church">Advent Christian Church</a>. The Albany Conference Statement with its narrowing of beliefs was unacceptable to many. Millerism had been founded on Miller's open, non-restrictive approach to Bible study—"It was the freedom to discover new truths that had drawn so many Christians and <a href="/wiki/Free_Will_Baptist_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Free Will Baptist Church">Freewill Baptists</a> to the movement. The new restrictive definitions charted a course that was unacceptable to many who had joined the movement."<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The third major post-disappointment Millerite group also claimed—like the Hale and Turner led group—that the October 22 date was correct. Rather than Christ returning invisibly however, they came to view the event that took place on October 22, 1844, as having been quite different. The theology of this third group appears to have had its beginnings as early as October 23, 1844—the day after the <a href="/wiki/Great_Disappointment" title="Great Disappointment">Great Disappointment</a>. On that day, during a prayer session with a group of Advent believers, <a href="/wiki/Hiram_Edson" title="Hiram Edson">Hiram Edson</a> became convinced that "light would be given" and their "disappointment explained."<sup id="cite_ref-Hiram_Edson_p._9_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hiram_Edson_p._9-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some years later, Edson reported on his experiences following that meeting: "While passing through a large field I was stopped about midway of the field. Heaven seemed open to my view, and I saw distinctly and clearly that instead of our High Priest coming out of the Most Holy of the <a href="/wiki/Heavenly_sanctuary" title="Heavenly sanctuary">heavenly sanctuary</a> to come to this earth on the tenth day of the seventh month, at the end of the 2300 days, that He for the first time entered on that day the second apartment of that sanctuary; and that He had a work to perform in the <a href="/wiki/Holy_of_Holies" title="Holy of Holies">Most Holy</a> before coming to this earth in His <a href="/wiki/Second_Coming" title="Second Coming">Second Coming</a>. That he came to the marriage at that time; in other words, to the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_of_Days" title="Ancient of Days">Ancient of Days</a> to receive a kingdom, dominion, and glory; and we must wait for his return from the wedding."<sup id="cite_ref-Hiram_Edson_p._9_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hiram_Edson_p._9-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Edson's experience led him into an extended study on the topic with <a href="/wiki/O._R._L._Crosier" title="O. R. L. Crosier">O. R. L. Crosier</a> and F. B. Hahn. They came to the conclusion that "the sanctuary to be cleansed in Daniel 8:14 was not the earth or the church, but the sanctuary in heaven."<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Therefore, the October 22 date marked not the Second Coming of Christ, but rather a heavenly event. This is the basis for the later <a href="/wiki/Seventh-day_Adventist_theology" title="Seventh-day Adventist theology">Seventh-day Adventist doctrine</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Investigative_Judgement" class="mw-redirect" title="Investigative Judgement">Investigative Judgement</a>. An article written by O. R. L. Crosier titled "To All Who Are Waiting for Redemption, the Following is Addressed" summarising their insights, was published in the March 1845 edition of the <i>Day-Dawn</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A more comprehensive article—also by O. R. L. Crosier and titled "The Law of Moses" was published in the <i>Day-Star</i> of February 7, 1846.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is out of this third Millerite group that the <a href="/wiki/Seventh-day_Adventist_Church" title="Seventh-day Adventist Church">Seventh-day Adventist Church</a> arose. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Doctrine">Doctrine</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Millerism&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Doctrine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Millerites originally had adherents across denominational lines, especially from Baptist, <a href="/wiki/Presbyterianism" title="Presbyterianism">Presbyterian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Methodism" title="Methodism">Methodist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Campbellite" title="Campbellite">Campbellite</a> churches, forming distinct denominations only after the Great Disappointment. They were united by a belief in the imminent return of Jesus Christ—the Second Advent. After the Great Disappointment of October 22, 1844, discussion of beliefs began to fragment the once united Millerites. Dunton points out that there were four main divisive doctrines being discussed by Millerites around the time of the Albany Conference: </p> <ol><li>Biblical prophecies relating to the <a href="/wiki/Jew" class="mw-redirect" title="Jew">Jews</a>. The majority of Millerites believed that these prophecies would find a spiritual rather than a literal fulfilment; however the Age to Come Adventists led by Joseph Marsh believed in a literal, physical Jewish return to <a href="/wiki/Palestine_(region)" title="Palestine (region)">Palestine</a> prior to the Christ's return.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conditional_immortality" class="mw-redirect" title="Conditional immortality">Conditional immortality</a> was not discussed at the Albany Conference, but was a source of controversy soon after.</li> <li>The doctrine of the <a href="/wiki/Biblical_Sabbath" title="Biblical Sabbath">Sabbath</a> was one of the schismatic issues debated at the Albany Conferences. The <a href="/wiki/Seventh-day_Sabbath" class="mw-redirect" title="Seventh-day Sabbath">seventh-day Sabbath</a> was rejected by delegates at the Albany Conference, who passed a resolution to have "no fellowship with Jewish fables and commandments of man, that turn from the truth."<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sabbatarianism remained a minority position among the Millerites, but the doctrine received a significant boost when <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Preble" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Preble">Thomas Preble</a> published a tract on the topic. The tract, titled, <i>A Tract, Showing that the Seventh Day Should Be Observed as the Sabbath, Instead of the First Day; "According to the Commandment"</i>, was widely read by Miller's followers.</li> <li>Following the disappointment of October 22, there was considerable discussion regarding the continuing possibility of the conversion of sinners. The doctrine that excluded this possibility became known as the shut-door. Miller himself believed this for a short time, though he later changed and repudiated it.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Influence">Influence</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Millerism&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Influence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Great_Disappointment" title="Great Disappointment">Great Disappointment</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Bible_Student_movement" title="Bible Student movement">Bible Student movement</a> had connections at the very beginning (in the early 2nd half of 19th century) with the Millerite movement. <a href="/wiki/Charles_Taze_Russell" title="Charles Taze Russell">Charles Taze Russell</a> later stated that "I confess indebtedness to Adventists as well as to other denominations". In light of this, the Bible Student Movement was influenced by Adventists roots, but did not emerge from the Millerism movement.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Followers of the <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Baháʼí Faith">Baháʼí Faith</a> also credit Miller's analysis of the time of Christ's return.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> See also <a href="/wiki/Day-year_principle" title="Day-year principle">Day-year principle</a> for a more complete review of how William Miller's analysis of the 2,300-day prophecy of Daniel 8 matches the Baháʼí understanding. Baháʼís believe that, although William Miller's understanding of the location and method of Christ's return was not accurate, his calculation of the timing was entirely correct. Many <a href="/wiki/Adventism" title="Adventism">Adventist</a> sects emerged from the movement, including <a href="/wiki/Seventh-day_Adventist_Church" title="Seventh-day Adventist Church">Seventh Day Adventists</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Millerism&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Adventism" title="Category:Adventism">Category:Adventism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burned-over_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Burned-over District">Burned-over District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_eschatology" title="Christian eschatology">Christian eschatology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_revival" title="Christian revival">Christian revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_19th_century" title="Christianity in the 19th century">Christianity in the 19th century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millennialism" title="Millennialism">Millennialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unfulfilled_Christian_religious_predictions" title="Unfulfilled Christian religious predictions">Unfulfilled Christian religious predictions</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Millerism&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-sylvester1-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sylvester1_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sylvester1_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sylvester1_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBliss1853">Bliss 1853</a>, p. 79.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMiller1845">Miller 1845</a>, p. 15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMiller1845">Miller 1845</a>, p. 18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMiller1845">Miller 1845</a>, p. 17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMiller1845">Miller 1845</a>, p. 19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Richard L. Rogers, "<a href="/wiki/Millennialism" title="Millennialism">Millennialism</a> and American Culture: <a href="/wiki/Adventism" title="Adventism">The Adventist Movement</a>," <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comparative_Social_Research&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Comparative Social Research (page does not exist)">Comparative Social Research</a></i> 13, 1991: 110.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">LeRoy Edwin Froom, <i>The Prophetic Faith of Our Fathers</i> Volume IV, Washington, D.C.: Review and Herald Publishing Association, 1954, p. 621.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Louis Billington, "The Millerite Adventists in Great Britain, 1840–1850," <i>Journal of American Studies</i> 1:2 1967, p. 193.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sylvester Bliss, <i>Memoirs of William Miller</i>, Boston: Joshua V. Himes, 1853, pp. 141–144.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mormon_Millenarian-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mormon_Millenarian_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFUnderwood1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Grant_Underwood" title="Grant Underwood">Underwood, Grant</a> (1999) [1993]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.press.uillinois.edu/books/catalog/48cbq6kr9780252068263.html"><i>The Millenarian World of Early Mormonism</i></a>. Urbana, Illinois: University of Illinois Press. See "Chapter 7: Apocalyptic Adversaries: Mormonism Meets Millerism". pp. 112–126. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0252068263" title="Special:BookSources/978-0252068263"><bdi>978-0252068263</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Millenarian+World+of+Early+Mormonism&rft.place=Urbana%2C+Illinois&rft.pages=112-126&rft.pub=University+of+Illinois+Press.+See+%22Chapter+7%3A+Apocalyptic+Adversaries%3A+Mormonism+Meets+Millerism%22&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0252068263&rft.aulast=Underwood&rft.aufirst=Grant&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.press.uillinois.edu%2Fbooks%2Fcatalog%2F48cbq6kr9780252068263.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMillerism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Everett_N._Dick&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Everett N. Dick (page does not exist)">Everett N. Dick</a>, <i>William Miller and the Advent Crisis</i> Berrien Springs: <a href="/wiki/Andrews_University_Press" title="Andrews University Press">Andrews University Press</a>, 1994, p. 76.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Everett N. Dick, <i>William Miller and the Advent Crisis</i>, Berrien Springs, Michigan: Andrews University Press, 1994, p. 76.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ruth Alden Doan, <i>The Miller Heresy, Millennialism, and American Culture</i>, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Temple University Press, 1987.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Le Roy Edwin Froom, <i>The Prophetic Faith of Our Fathers</i> Volume IV, Washington, D.C.: Review and Herald, 1954, pp. 624–625, 628.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Louis Billington, "The Millerite Adventists in Great Britain, 1840–1850," <i>Journal of American Studies</i> 1:2 1967, p. 195.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Le Roy Edwin Froom, <i>The Prophetic Faith of Our Fathers</i> Volume IV, Washington, D.C.: Review and Herald, 1954, p. 623.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Le Roy Edwin Froom, <i>The Prophetic Faith of Our Fathers</i> Volume IV, Washington, D.C.: Review and Herald, 1954, p. 712.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hugh Dunton, "The Millerite Adventists and Other Millenarian Groups in Great Britain, 1830–1860", Ph.D., University of London, 1984, p. 114.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Litch" title="Josiah Litch">Josiah Litch</a>, "The Midnight Cry at the Sandwich Islands," <i>Signs of the Times</i>, October 4, 1843, p. 109.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Quoted in Everett N. Dick, <i>William Miller and the Advent Crisis</i> Berrien Springs, Michigan: [Andrews University] Press, 1994, pp. 96–97.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">William Miller, "Letter From Mr. Miller—His Position," <i>The Advent Herald and Signs of the Times Reporter</i>, April 10, 1844, p. 77.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">George R. Knight, <i>Millennial Fever and the End of the World</i>, Boise, Idaho: Pacific Press, 1993, p. 162.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">William Miller, "Mr. Miller at Washington," <i><a href="/wiki/Advent_Herald" class="mw-redirect" title="Advent Herald">Advent Herald</a></i>, March 6, 1844, p. 39.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This was not a new thought, and had been discussed by Millerite writers as early as June 21, 1843. "Chronology," <i>Signs of the Times</i>, June 21, 1843, p. 123.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblica.com/bible/?osis=niv:Matthew%2025:5">Matthew 25:5</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblica.com/bible/?osis=niv:Habakkuk%203:2–3">Habakkuk 3:2–3</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">George R. Knight, <i>Millennial Fever and the End of the World</i>, Boise, Idaho: Pacific Press, 1993, p. 168.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Snow had previously presented this idea, it was published on February 22, 1844 in the <i>Midnight Cry</i>, and republished in the <i>Advent Herald</i> on April 3, 1844. Both times however, a cautionary note was appended by the magazines’ editors, indicating that they disagreed with Snow's conclusions. Samuel S. Snow, <i>The Midnight Cry</i>, February 22, 1844., Samuel S. Snow, "Prophetic Time," <i>The Advent Herald and Signs of the Times Reporter</i>, April 3, 1844.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Samuel S. Snow, <i>The Advent Herald</i>, August 21, 1844, p. 20. See also Samuel S. Snow, <i>True Midnight Cry</i>, August 22, 1844, p. 4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">George R. Knight, <i>Millennial Fever and the End of the World</i>, Boise, Idaho: Pacific Press, 1993, pp. 191, 199.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newspaperarchive.com/milwaukie-commercial-herald-oct-23-1844-p-1/">"Milwaukie Commercial Herald Archives, Oct 23, 1844, p. 1"</a>. <i>NewspaperArchive.com</i>. October 23, 1844<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 4,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NewspaperArchive.com&rft.atitle=Milwaukie+Commercial+Herald+Archives%2C+Oct+23%2C+1844%2C+p.+1&rft.date=1844-10-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewspaperarchive.com%2Fmilwaukie-commercial-herald-oct-23-1844-p-1%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMillerism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-George_R._Knight_1999-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-George_R._Knight_1999_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-George_R._Knight_1999_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">George R. Knight, <i>A Brief History of Seventh-day Adventists</i>, Hagerstown: Review and Herald, 1999, p. 26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Whitney_R._Cross" class="mw-redirect" title="Whitney R. Cross">Whitney R. Cross</a>, <i>The Burned-over District: A Social and Intellectual History of Enthusiastic Religion in Western New York</i> (Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 1950), p. 310.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stephen J. Paterwic, Historical Dictionary of the Shakers (Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press, 2008), p. 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Sylvester_Bliss" title="Sylvester Bliss">Sylvester Bliss</a>, <i>Memoirs of William Miller</i>, Boston, Massachusetts: Joshua V. Himes, 1853, pp. 299–300.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/George_R._Knight" title="George R. Knight">George R. Knight</a>, <i>Millennial Fever and the End of the World</i>, Boise, Idaho: Pacific Press, 1993, p. 232.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">George R. Knight, <i>Millennial Fever and the End of the World</i>, Boise, Idaho: Pacific Press, 1993, pp. 236–237.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Apollos Hale and Joseph Turner, "Has Not the Saviour Come as the Bridegroom," <i>The Advent Mirror</i>, January 1845, pp. 1–4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Vaughan_Himes" class="mw-redirect" title="Joshua Vaughan Himes">Joshua V. Himes</a>, <i>Morning Watch</i>, March 20, 1845, p. 96.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Quoted in George R. Knight, <i>Millennial Fever and the End of the World</i>, Boise, Idaho: Pacific Press, 1993, p. 268.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Merlin_D._Burt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Merlin D. Burt (page does not exist)">Merlin D. Burt</a>, "The Historical Background, Interconnected Development, and Integration of the Doctrines of the Heavenly Sanctuary, the Sabbath, and Ellen G. White's Role in Sabbatarian Adventism from 1844 to 1849", Ph.D., Andrews University, 2002, p. 165.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hiram_Edson_p._9-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hiram_Edson_p._9_42-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hiram_Edson_p._9_42-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hiram Edson, "Experience in the Advent Movement (Incomplete), p. 9. This undated document was apparently not written until many years after this event and was probably influenced by the ideas of later authors. See Fernand Fisel, "Edson's Cornfield 'Vision:' Frisson or Figment?," <i>Adventist Currents</i>, July 1983, 3; for a detailed discussion of the issues. See also Ross E. Winkle, "Disappearing Act: Hiram Edson’s Cornfield Experience," <i>Spectrum</i> 33, no. 1 (2005): 46–51 for a more recent perspective.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/George_R._Knight" title="George R. Knight">George R. Knight</a>, <i>Millennial Fever and the End of the World</i>, Boise, Idaho: Pacific Press, 1993, pp. 305–306.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A copy of this lost publication was discovered by Merlin D. Burt in 1995 and republished in 2006: Merlin D. Burt, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110721184913/http://www.auss.info/auss_publication_file.php?pub_id=352&journal=1&type=pdf">"The <i>Day-Dawn</i> of Canandaigua, New York: Reprint of a Significant Millerite Adventist Journal"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://auss.info/auss_publication_file.php?pub_id=352&journal=1&type=pdf">the original</a> on July 21, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Day-Dawn+of+Canandaigua%2C+New+York%3A+Reprint+of+a+Significant+Millerite+Adventist+Journal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fauss.info%2Fauss_publication_file.php%3Fpub_id%3D352%26journal%3D1%26type%3Dpdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMillerism" class="Z3988"></span> <i><a href="/wiki/Andrews_University_Seminary_Studies" title="Andrews University Seminary Studies">Andrews University Seminary Studies</a></i> 44, no. 2 (2006): 317–330.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">O. R. L. Crosier, "The Law of Moses" <i>Day-Star</i> (February 7, 1846): 1–8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Proceedings of the Mutual Conference of Adventists," (Albany, New York: Joshua Himes, 1845).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hugh Dunton, "The Millerite Adventists and Other Millenarian Groups in Great Britain, 1830–1860", Ph.D., University of London, 1984, pp. 97–98.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Zion's Watch Tower, June 1, 1916, p. 170</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSears1961" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_Sears_(Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD)" title="William Sears (Baháʼí)">Sears</a> (1961). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/thiefinnightor00sear"><i>Thief in the Night</i></a></span>. G. Ronald. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/085398008X" title="Special:BookSources/085398008X"><bdi>085398008X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Thief+in+the+Night&rft.pub=G.+Ronald&rft.date=1961&rft.isbn=085398008X&rft.au=Sears&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fthiefinnightor00sear&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMillerism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061206202842/http://www.adventist.org/world_church/facts_and_figures/history/index.html.en">"Seventh-day Adventists—The Heritage Continues Along"</a>. <a href="/wiki/General_Conference_of_Seventh-day_Adventists" title="General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists">General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adventist.org/world_church/facts_and_figures/history/index.html.en">the original</a> on December 6, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 17,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Seventh-day+Adventists%E2%80%94The+Heritage+Continues+Along&rft.pub=General+Conference+of+Seventh-day+Adventists&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.adventist.org%2Fworld_church%2Ffacts_and_figures%2Fhistory%2Findex.html.en&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMillerism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Millerism&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Ellen_G._White#Further_reading" title="Ellen G. White">Ellen G. White § Further reading</a></div> <ul><li>Barkun, Michael. <i>Crucible of the millennium: The burned-over district of New York in the 1840s</i> (Syracuse University Press, 1986) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TorU47NdT5UC&dq=Millerite+movement&pg=PP11">online</a>.</li> <li>Billington, Louis. "The Millerite Adventists in Great Britain, 1840–1850." <i>Journal of American Studies</i> 1.2 (1967): 191–212.</li> <li>Bull, Malcolm, and Keith Lockhart. <i>Seeking a Sanctuary: Seventh-day Adventism and the American Dream</i> (Indiana U.P. 2007); <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/seekingsanctuary0000bull_h4a7/page/n5/mode/1up">online</a></li> <li>Butler, Jonathan. "From Millerism to Seventh-Day Adventism: 'Boundlessness to Consolidation'." <i>Church History</i> 55.1 (1986): 50–64. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307/3165422">online</a></li> <li>Dopp, Terrie, et al. <i>Ellen Harmon White: American Prophet</i> (Oxford University Press, 2014)</li> <li>Morse, Donald E. "The End of the World in American History and Fantasy: The Trumpet of the Last Judgment." <i>Journal of the Fantastic in the Arts</i> 13.1 (49 (2002): 33–46). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/43308561">online</a>, also available <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://publikacio.uni-eszterhazy.hu/1995/1/219-236_Morse.pdf">online here</a></li> <li>Nichol, Francis D. <i>The Midnight Cry: A Defense of the Character and Conduct of William Miller and the Millerites, Who Mistakenly Believed That the Second Coming of Christ Would Take Place in the Year 1844</i> (1944); a scholarly study by an Adventist. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.180190">online</a></li> <li>Numbers, Ronald L., and Jonathan M. Butler, eds. <i>The disappointed: Millerism and millenarianism in the nineteenth century</i> (Univ. of Tennessee Press, 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oWOJmBoCKQgC&dq=Millerite+movement&pg=PR11">online</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Pritchard, Linda K. “The Burned-over District Reconsidered: A Portent of Evolving Religious Pluralism in the United States.” <i>Social Science History</i> 8#3 (1984), pp. 243–265. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307/1170853">online</a></li> <li>Rowe, David L. <i>God's strange work: William Miller and the end of the world</i> (Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2008) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xVilO-Mqr3sC&dq=Millerism&pg=PR9">online</a>.</li> <li>Rowe, David L. <i>Thunder and Trumpets: Millerites and Dissenting Religion in Upstate New York, 1800–1850</i> (1985) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/thundertrumpetsm0000rowe">online</a></li> <li>Rowe, David L. "A New Perspective on the Burned-over District: The Millerites in Upstate New York." <i>Church History</i> 47.4 (1978): 408–420. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307/3164316">online</a></li> <li>Sandeen, Ernest R. <i>The roots of fundamentalism: British and American millenarianism, 1800–1930</i> (1978) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/rootsoffundament0000sand_u0t7/mode/2up">online</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historiography">Historiography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Millerism&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Historiography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Butler, Jonathan M. "Seventh-Day Adventist Historiography: A Work in Progress." <i>Church History</i> 87.1 (2018): 149–166.</li></ul> <ul><li>McArthur, Benjamin. "Millennial fevers." <i>Reviews in American History</i> 24.3 (1996): 369–382. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/30030673">online</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Primary_sources">Primary sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Millerism&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Primary sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBliss1853" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sylvester_Bliss" title="Sylvester Bliss">Bliss, Sylvester</a> (1853). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/memoirswilliamm00blisgoog"><i>Memoirs of William Miller</i></a>. Boston: <a href="/wiki/Joshua_V._Himes" title="Joshua V. Himes">Joshua V. Himes</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Memoirs+of+William+Miller&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=Joshua+V.+Himes&rft.date=1853&rft.aulast=Bliss&rft.aufirst=Sylvester&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmemoirswilliamm00blisgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMillerism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller1845" class="citation book cs1">Miller, William (1845). <i>Wm. Miller's Apology and Defence</i>. Boston: <a href="/wiki/Joshua_V._Himes" title="Joshua V. Himes">Joshua V. Himes</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wm.+Miller%27s+Apology+and+Defence&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=Joshua+V.+Himes&rft.date=1845&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMillerism" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_Fiction">In Fiction</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Millerism&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: In Fiction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Eggleston" title="Edward Eggleston">Eggleston, Edward</a>. "The End of the World." (<a href="/wiki/Orange_Judd" title="Orange Judd">Orange Judd</a> and Company, 1872)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Millerism&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070902122809/http://www.tagnet.org/washington/history/millerite.html">History of the Millerite Movement</a>" from the <i><a href="/wiki/Seventh-day_Adventist_Encyclopedia" class="mw-redirect" title="Seventh-day Adventist Encyclopedia">Seventh-day Adventist Encyclopedia</a></i> 10:892–898, 1976.</li> <li>Coffman, Elesha (August 8, 2008). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.christianitytoday.com/history/newsletter/2002/oct18.html">The King is Coming, Eventually</a>", <i>ChristianityToday.com</i>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130617184112/http://www.wcg.org/lit/aboutus/roots.htm">Graphical timeline of major Millerite groups</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Worldwide_Church_of_God" class="mw-redirect" title="Worldwide Church of God">Worldwide Church of God</a> official website</li> <li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120204114537/http://www.adventistarchives.org/documents.asp?CatID=30&SortBy=0&ShowDateOrder=True">Signs of the Times</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/DjVu" title="DjVu">DjVu</a></small> scans of Millerite journal (1840–1841)</li> <li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://docs.adventistarchives.org//documents.asp?q=documents.asp&CatID=134">The Midnight Cry</a></i> PDF scans of Millerite journal (1842–1843)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.puc.edu/heritage/bib-millertm.html">The Millerite Movement</a>, a bibliography by <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Union_College" title="Pacific Union College">Pacific Union College</a> librarian Gary Shearer</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:History_of_Christianity" title="Template:History of Christianity"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:History_of_Christianity" title="Template talk:History of Christianity"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:History_of_Christianity" title="Special:EditPage/Template:History of Christianity"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="History_of_Christianity" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Christianity" title="History of Christianity">History of Christianity</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_Christianity" title="Early Christianity">Early Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spread_of_Christianity" title="Spread of Christianity">Spread</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Centuries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_1st_century" title="Christianity in the 1st century">1st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_ante-Nicene_period" title="Christianity in the ante-Nicene period">2nd and 3rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_4th_century" title="Christianity in the 4th century">4th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_5th_century" title="Christianity in the 5th century">5th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_6th_century" title="Christianity in the 6th century">6th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_7th_century" title="Christianity in the 7th century">7th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_8th_century" title="Christianity in the 8th century">8th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_9th_century" title="Christianity in the 9th century">9th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_10th_century" title="Christianity in the 10th century">10th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_11th_century" title="Christianity in the 11th century">11th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_12th_century" title="Christianity in the 12th century">12th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_13th_century" title="Christianity in the 13th century">13th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_14th_century" title="Christianity in the 14th century">14th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_15th_century" title="Christianity in the 15th century">15th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_16th_century" title="Christianity in the 16th century">16th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_17th_century" title="Christianity in the 17th century">17th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_18th_century" title="Christianity in the 18th century">18th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_19th_century" title="Christianity in the 19th century">19th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_20th_century" title="Christianity in the 20th century">20th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_21st_century" title="Christianity in the 21st century">21st</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Origins and<br />Apostolic Age</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historical_background_of_the_New_Testament" title="Historical background of the New Testament">Background</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_of_Jesus" title="Life of Jesus">Life of Jesus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baptism_of_Jesus" title="Baptism of Jesus">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Jesus" title="Ministry of Jesus">Ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">Crucifixion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">Resurrection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Commission" title="Great Commission">Great Commission</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit_in_Christianity" title="Holy Spirit in Christianity">Holy Spirit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostles_in_the_New_Testament" title="Apostles in the New Testament">Apostles in the New Testament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Christian" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish Christian">Jewish Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul the Apostle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Jerusalem" title="Council of Jerusalem">Council of Jerusalem</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gospel" title="Gospel">Gospels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acts_of_the_Apostles" title="Acts of the Apostles">Acts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pauline_epistles" title="Pauline epistles">Pauline epistles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_epistles" title="Catholic epistles">General epistles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Revelation" title="Book of Revelation">Revelation</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_ante-Nicene_period" title="Christianity in the ante-Nicene period">Ante-Nicene<br />period</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diversity_in_early_Christian_theology" title="Diversity in early Christian theology">Diversity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adoptionism" title="Adoptionism">Adoptionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arianism" title="Arianism">Arianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Docetism" title="Docetism">Docetism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donatism" title="Donatism">Donatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnosticism" title="Gnosticism">Gnosticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcionism" title="Marcionism">Marcionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montanism" title="Montanism">Montanism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Development_of_the_New_Testament_canon" title="Development of the New Testament canon">Canon development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians_in_the_Roman_Empire" title="Persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Fathers" title="Apostolic Fathers">Apostolic</a> / <a href="/wiki/Church_Fathers" title="Church Fathers">Church Fathers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clement_of_Rome" title="Clement of Rome">Clement of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polycarp" title="Polycarp">Polycarp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignatius_of_Antioch" title="Ignatius of Antioch">Ignatius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irenaeus" title="Irenaeus">Irenaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justin_Martyr" title="Justin Martyr">Justin Martyr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tertullian" title="Tertullian">Tertullian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origen" title="Origen">Origen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_Roman_Africa_province" title="Christianity in the Roman Africa province">Early African</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_late_antiquity" title="Christianity in late antiquity">Late antiquity</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Great_Church" title="Great Church">Great Church</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_the_Great_and_Christianity" title="Constantine the Great and Christianity">Constantine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constantinian_shift" title="Constantinian shift">Constantinian shift</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_as_the_Roman_state_religion" title="Christianity as the Roman state religion">Roman state religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_monasticism" title="Christian monasticism">Monasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_seven_ecumenical_councils" title="First seven ecumenical councils">Councils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Nicaea" title="First Council of Nicaea">Nicaea I</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nicene_Creed" title="Nicene Creed">Creed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicene_Christianity" title="Nicene Christianity">Christianity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasius_of_Alexandria" title="Athanasius of Alexandria">Athanasius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome" title="Jerome">Jerome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo" title="Augustine of Hippo">Augustine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Constantinople" title="First Council of Constantinople">Constantinople I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ephesus" title="Council of Ephesus">Ephesus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Chalcedon" title="Council of Chalcedon">Chalcedon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chalcedonian_Christianity" title="Chalcedonian Christianity">Chalcedonian</a> / <a href="/wiki/Non-Chalcedonian_Christianity" title="Non-Chalcedonian Christianity">Non-Chalcedonian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_canon" title="Biblical canon">Biblical canon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="History of the Catholic Church">Catholicism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_papacy" title="History of the papacy">Papacy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_papal_primacy" title="History of papal primacy">Development of primacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_opposition_to_papal_supremacy" title="Eastern Orthodox opposition to papal supremacy">Eastern Orthodox opposition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusading_movement" title="Crusading movement">Crusading movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Council_of_the_Lateran" title="Fourth Council of the Lateran">Lateran IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_patronage_of_Julius_II" title="Art patronage of Julius II">Art patronage of Julius II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_X" title="Pope Leo X">Leo X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-Reformation" title="Counter-Reformation">Counter-Reformation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Trent" title="Council of Trent">Trent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_in_the_Protestant_Reformation_and_Counter-Reformation" title="Art in the Protestant Reformation and Counter-Reformation">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Reformation" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic Reformation">Catholic Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Jesus">Jesuits</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Xavier" title="Francis Xavier">Xavier</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_More" title="Thomas More">Thomas More</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_monasteries" title="Dissolution of the monasteries">Monastery dissolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_wars_of_religion" title="European wars of religion">Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_rock" title="Mass rock">Mass rocks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Priest_hole" title="Priest hole">priest holes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Guadalupe" title="Our Lady of Guadalupe">Guadalupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jansenism" title="Jansenism">Jansenists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molinism" title="Molinism">Molinists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scholasticism#Neo-Scholasticism" title="Scholasticism">Neo-Scholasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teresa_of_%C3%81vila" title="Teresa of Ávila">Teresa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernism_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Modernism in the Catholic Church">Modernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Catholicism" title="Independent Catholicism">Independent Catholics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Vatican_Council" title="First Vatican Council">Vatican I</a> and <a href="/wiki/Second_Vatican_Council" title="Second Vatican Council">Vatican II</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesial_community" title="Ecclesial community">Ecclesial community</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Timeline of the Catholic Church">Timeline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Eastern_Christianity" title="History of Eastern Christianity">Eastern<br />Christianity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="History of the Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Oriental_Orthodoxy" title="History of Oriental Orthodoxy">Oriental Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_East" title="Church of the East">Church of the East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Chrysostom" title="John Chrysostom">Chrysostom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nestorianism" title="Nestorianism">Nestorianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icon#History" title="Icon">Icons</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iconodulism" title="Iconodulism">Iconodulism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Iconoclasm" title="Byzantine Iconoclasm">Iconoclasm</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East%E2%80%93West_Schism" title="East–West Schism">Great Schism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Constantinople" title="Fall of Constantinople">Fall of Constantinople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_Armenia" title="Christianization of Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_Iberia" title="Christianization of Iberia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy_in_Greece" title="Eastern Orthodoxy in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_history" title="Coptic history">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_Christianity" title="Syriac Christianity">Syriac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Orthodox_Church" title="Serbian Orthodox Church">Serbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Orthodox_Tewahedo_Church" title="Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Eastern_Orthodox_Church_under_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="History of the Eastern Orthodox Church under the Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="History of the Russian Orthodox Church">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Eastern_Orthodoxy_in_North_America" title="Timeline of Eastern Orthodoxy in North America">North America</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Christianity in the Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pelagianism" title="Pelagianism">Pelagianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I" title="Pope Gregory I">Gregory I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Christianity" title="Celtic Christianity">Celtic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianisation_of_the_Germanic_peoples" title="Christianisation of the Germanic peoples">Germanic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianisation_of_Anglo-Saxon_England" title="Christianisation of Anglo-Saxon England">Anglo-Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_the_Franks" title="Christianization of the Franks">Franks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_Christianity" title="Gothic Christianity">Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_Scandinavia" title="Christianization of Scandinavia">Scandinavian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_Iceland" title="Christianization of Iceland">Iceland</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_the_Slavs" title="Christianization of the Slavs">Slavs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_Bohemia" title="Christianization of Bohemia">Bohemia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_Bulgaria" title="Christianization of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_Kievan_Rus%27" title="Christianization of Kievan Rus'">Kievan Rus'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_Moravia" title="Christianization of Moravia">Moravia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_Poland" title="Christianization of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_Pomerania" title="Christianization of Pomerania">Pomerania</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investiture_Controversy" title="Investiture Controversy">Investiture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anselm_of_Canterbury" title="Anselm of Canterbury">Anselm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Abelard" title="Peter Abelard">Abelard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_of_Clairvaux" title="Bernard of Clairvaux">Bernard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bogomilism" title="Bogomilism">Bogomils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_Church" title="Bosnian Church">Bosnian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catharism" title="Catharism">Cathars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Brethren" title="Apostolic Brethren">Apostolic Brethren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dulcinian" class="mw-redirect" title="Dulcinian">Dulcinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">Crusades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waldensians" title="Waldensians">Waldensians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inquisition" title="Inquisition">Inquisition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scholasticism#Early_Scholasticism" title="Scholasticism">Early Scholasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_mysticism" title="Christian mysticism">Christian mysticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Dominic" title="Saint Dominic">Dominic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_of_Assisi" title="Francis of Assisi">Francis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonaventure" title="Bonaventure">Bonaventure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Aquinas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Five_Ways_(Aquinas)" title="Five Ways (Aquinas)">Five Ways</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wycliffe" title="John Wycliffe">Wycliffe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avignon_Papacy" title="Avignon Papacy">Avignon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Schism" title="Western Schism">Papal Schism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bohemian_Reformation" title="Bohemian Reformation">Bohemian Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Hus" title="Jan Hus">Hus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conciliarism" title="Conciliarism">Conciliarism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Synod" title="Synod">Synods</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation">Reformation</a><br />and<br /><a href="/wiki/History_of_Protestantism" title="History of Protestantism">Protestantism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erasmus" title="Erasmus">Erasmus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucharistic_theology" title="Eucharistic theology">Eucharist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Calvinist%E2%80%93Arminian_debate" title="History of the Calvinist–Arminian debate">Calvinist–Arminian debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arminianism" title="Arminianism">Arminianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-Reformation#Politics" title="Counter-Reformation">Wars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Resistance_theory_in_the_Early_Modern_period#Christian_resistance_theories_of_the_early_modern_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Resistance theory in the Early Modern period">Resistance theories</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_church_and_state#Reformation" title="Separation of church and state">Separation of church and state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicodemite" title="Nicodemite">Nicodemites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hymnody_of_continental_Europe" title="Hymnody of continental Europe">Hymnody of continental Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Formal_and_material_principles_of_theology" title="Formal and material principles of theology">Formal and material principles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_and_Gospel" title="Law and Gospel">Law and Gospel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Reformation_literature" title="Template:Reformation literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestant_work_ethic" title="Protestant work ethic">Protestant work ethic</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Lutheranism" title="History of Lutheranism">Lutheranism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther" title="Martin Luther">Luther</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ninety-five_Theses" title="Ninety-five Theses">Ninety-five Theses</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diet_of_Worms" title="Diet of Worms">Diet of Worms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theology_of_Martin_Luther" title="Theology of Martin Luther">Theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luther_Bible" title="Luther Bible">Bible</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Melanchthon" title="Philip Melanchthon">Melanchthon</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Concord" title="Book of Concord">Book of Concord</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheran_orthodoxy" title="Lutheran orthodoxy">Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacramental_union" title="Sacramental union">Eucharist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheran_art" title="Lutheran art">Art</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Reformed_Christianity" title="History of Reformed Christianity">Calvinism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Huldrych_Zwingli" title="Huldrych Zwingli">Zwingli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Calvin" title="John Calvin">Calvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huguenots" title="Huguenots">Huguenots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterianism" title="Presbyterianism">Presbyterianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Reformation" title="Scottish Reformation">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Knox" title="John Knox">Knox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_points_of_Calvinism" class="mw-redirect" title="Five points of Calvinism">TULIP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_baptismal_theology" title="Reformed baptismal theology">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synod_of_Dort" title="Synod of Dort">Dort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Forms_of_Unity" title="Three Forms of Unity">Three Forms of Unity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westminster_Assembly" title="Westminster Assembly">Westminster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_orthodoxy" title="Reformed orthodoxy">Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metrical_psalter" title="Metrical psalter">Metrical psalters</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/English_Reformation" title="English Reformation">Anglicanism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_English_Reformation" title="Timeline of the English Reformation">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_VIII" title="Henry VIII">Henry VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cranmer" title="Thomas Cranmer">Cranmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabethan_Religious_Settlement" title="Elizabethan Religious Settlement">Elizabethan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirty-nine_Articles" title="Thirty-nine Articles">39 Articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puritans" title="Puritans">Puritans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Civil_War" title="English Civil War">Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_church_music" title="Anglican church music">Church music</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Common_Prayer" title="Book of Common Prayer">Book of Common Prayer</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_James_Version" title="King James Version">King James Version</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anabaptism" title="Anabaptism">Anabaptism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anabaptist_theology" title="Anabaptist theology">Theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_Reformation" title="Radical Reformation">Radical Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_Grebel" title="Conrad Grebel">Grebel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Brethren" title="Swiss Brethren">Swiss Brethren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_M%C3%BCntzer" title="Thomas Müntzer">Müntzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs%27_Synod" title="Martyrs' Synod">Martyrs' Synod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menno_Simons" title="Menno Simons">Menno Simons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Smyth_(English_theologian)" title="John Smyth (English theologian)">Smyth</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_Mirror" title="Martyrs Mirror">Martyrs Mirror</a></i></li> 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class="mw-redirect" title="Congregational church">Congregationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Great_Awakening" title="First Great Awakening">First Great Awakening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methodism" title="Methodism">Methodism</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Millerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietism" title="Pietism">Pietism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Merton_thesis" title="Merton thesis">Fostering of early experimental science</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Lutheranism" title="Neo-Lutheranism">Neo-</a> and <a href="/wiki/Old_Lutherans" title="Old Lutherans">Old Lutherans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_modern_era" title="Christianity in the modern era">1789–present</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camp_meeting" title="Camp meeting">Camp 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title="Awakening (Finnish religious movement)">Finnish Awakening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_existentialism" title="Christian existentialism">Christian existentialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Great_Awakening" title="Third Great Awakening">Third Great Awakening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azusa_Street_Revival" title="Azusa Street Revival">Azusa Revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_music" title="Gospel music">Gospel music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundamentalist%E2%80%93Modernist_controversy" class="mw-redirect" title="Fundamentalist–Modernist controversy">Fundamentalist – Modernist controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_pacifism" title="Christian pacifism">Pacifism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecumenism" title="Ecumenism">Ecumenism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_solae" title="Five solae">Five <i>solae</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_movement" title="Jesus movement">Jesus movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentecostalism" title="Pentecostalism">Pentecostalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charismatic_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Charismatic Movement">Charismatics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_theology" title="Liberation theology">Liberation theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_epistemology" title="Reformed epistemology">Reformed epistemology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Great_Awakening" title="Fourth Great Awakening">Fourth Great Awakening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelicalism" title="Evangelicalism">Evangelical</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mainline_Protestant" title="Mainline Protestant">Mainline</a> Protestants</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_right" title="Christian right">Christian right</a> and <a href="/wiki/Christian_left" title="Christian left">left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_influence_of_Evangelicalism_in_Latin_America" title="Political influence of Evangelicalism in Latin America">Political influence of Evangelicalism in Latin America</a></li></ul> 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