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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Early development</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Calf_rearing_systems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Calf_rearing_systems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Calf rearing systems</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Calf_rearing_systems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Growth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Growth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Growth</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Growth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diseases" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diseases"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Diseases</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diseases-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Uses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_animals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_animals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Other animals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_animals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Calf (animal)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 64 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-64" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">64 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%AC%D9%84" title="عجل – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عجل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vetiello" title="Vetiello – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Vetiello" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vakara%27y" title="Vakara'y – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Vakara'y" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buzov" title="Buzov – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Buzov" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8F" title="Цяля – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Цяля" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leue" title="Leue – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Leue" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedella" title="Vedella – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Vedella" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%C4%83%D1%80%D1%83" title="Пăру – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Пăру" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mhuru" title="Mhuru – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Mhuru" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Na%C9%A3ibila" title="Naɣibila – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Naɣibila" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalv_(dyreunge)" title="Kalv (dyreunge) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kalv (dyreunge)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalb" title="Kalb – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kalb" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasikas" title="Vasikas – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Vasikas" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%87%CE%BF%CF%82_(%CE%B3%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%82)" title="Μόσχος (γένος) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μόσχος (γένος)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Ваз – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Ваз" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novillo" title="Novillo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Novillo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zekor" title="Zekor – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Zekor" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87" title="گوساله – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گوساله" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veau" title="Veau – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Veau" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%86%A1%EC%95%84%EC%A7%80" title="송아지 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="송아지" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="गोवत्स – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="गोवत्स" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tele" title="Tele – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Tele" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nwa_ehi_(an%E1%BB%A5)" title="Nwa ehi (anụ) – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Nwa ehi (anụ)" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedet" title="Pedet – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pedet" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A1lfur" title="Kálfur – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kálfur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitello" title="Vitello – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Vitello" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedh%C3%A8t" title="Pedhèt – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Pedhèt" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%81" title="ಕರು – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕರು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%86%DA%98%DA%BE" title="وۆژھ – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="وۆژھ" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D2%9B" title="Лақ – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Лақ" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ndama" title="Ndama – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Ndama" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tib%C3%A8f" title="Tibèf – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Tibèf" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Букачар – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Букачар" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borj%C3%BA" title="Borjú – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Borjú" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Ваз – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Ваз" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalf_(rund)" title="Kalf (rund) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kalf (rund)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuusjen" title="Kuusjen – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Kuusjen" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalv" title="Kalv – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kalv" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vi%C3%A2o" title="Viâo – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Viâo" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ved%C3%A8l" title="Vedèl – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Vedèl" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buzoq" title="Buzoq – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Buzoq" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciel%C4%99" title="Cielę – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Cielę" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitelo_(animal)" title="Vitelo (animal) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Vitelo (animal)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiku" title="Chiku – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Chiku" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Телёнок – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Телёнок" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B9" title="Ньирэй – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Ньирэй" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cauf" title="Cauf – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Cauf" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vi%C3%A7i" title="Viçi – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Viçi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jencu" title="Jencu – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Jencu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DB%86%D9%84%DA%A9" title="گۆلک – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="گۆلک" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tele" title="Tele – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Tele" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tele" title="Tele – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Tele" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasikka" title="Vasikka – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Vasikka" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalv_(ungdjur)" title="Kalv (ungdjur) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kalv (ungdjur)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" 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0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Calf_(animal)" title="Special:EditPage/Calf (animal)">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Calf%22+animal">"Calf" animal</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Calf%22+animal+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Calf%22+animal&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Calf%22+animal+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Calf%22+animal">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Calf%22+animal&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Poddy_Calf_sitting_in_the_long_grass.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Poddy_Calf_sitting_in_the_long_grass.jpg/220px-Poddy_Calf_sitting_in_the_long_grass.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Poddy_Calf_sitting_in_the_long_grass.jpg/330px-Poddy_Calf_sitting_in_the_long_grass.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Poddy_Calf_sitting_in_the_long_grass.jpg/440px-Poddy_Calf_sitting_in_the_long_grass.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a><figcaption>Poddy calf sitting in the long grass</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>calf</b> (<abbr title="plural form">pl.</abbr>: <b>calves</b>) is a young domestic <a href="/wiki/Cow" class="mw-redirect" title="Cow">cow</a> or <a href="/wiki/Bull" title="Bull">bull</a>. Calves are reared to become adult cattle or are slaughtered for their meat, called <a href="/wiki/Veal" title="Veal">veal</a>, and their <a href="/wiki/Calfskin" title="Calfskin">hide</a>. </p><p>The term <i>calf</i> is also used for some other species. See "<a href="#Other_animals">Other animals</a>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/calf#:~:text=Cattle%20are%20not%20the%20only,reindeer%2C%20rhinoceros%2C%20and%20yak.">[1]</a> below. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Terminology">Terminology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calf_(animal)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Terminology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cow_giving_birth,_in_Laos_(step_by_step).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Cow_giving_birth%2C_in_Laos_%28step_by_step%29.jpg/220px-Cow_giving_birth%2C_in_Laos_%28step_by_step%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Cow_giving_birth%2C_in_Laos_%28step_by_step%29.jpg/330px-Cow_giving_birth%2C_in_Laos_%28step_by_step%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Cow_giving_birth%2C_in_Laos_%28step_by_step%29.jpg/440px-Cow_giving_birth%2C_in_Laos_%28step_by_step%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6800" data-file-height="4630" /></a><figcaption>Calving (step by step)</figcaption></figure> <p>"Calf" is the term used from birth to <a href="/wiki/Weaning" title="Weaning">weaning</a>, when it becomes known as a <i><a href="/wiki/Weaner" class="mw-redirect" title="Weaner">weaner</a></i> or <i>weaner calf</i>, though in some areas the term "calf" may be used until the animal is a <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/yearling" class="extiw" title="wikt:yearling">yearling</a>. The birth of a calf is known as <i>calving</i>. A calf that has lost its mother is an orphan calf, also known as a <i>poddy</i> or <i>poddy-calf</i> in British. <i>Bobby calves</i> are young calves which are to be slaughtered for human consumption.<sup id="cite_ref-Mac_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mac-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <i>vealer</i> is a calf weighing less than about 330 kg (730 lb) which is at about eight to nine months of age.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A young female calf from birth until she has had a calf of her own is called a <i>heifer</i><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'h' in 'hi'">h</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'f' in 'find'">f</span><span title="/ər/: 'er' in 'letter'">ər</span></span>/</a></span></span>). In the <a href="/wiki/American_Old_West" class="mw-redirect" title="American Old West">American Old West</a>, a motherless or small, runty calf was sometimes referred to as a dodie.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="can't find the word in the referenced dictionary (August 2022)">failed verification</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The term "calf" is also used for some other species. See "<a href="#Other_animals">Other animals</a>" below. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_development">Early development</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calf_(animal)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Veau_nouveau-n%C3%A9bis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Veau_nouveau-n%C3%A9bis.jpg/220px-Veau_nouveau-n%C3%A9bis.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Veau_nouveau-n%C3%A9bis.jpg/330px-Veau_nouveau-n%C3%A9bis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Veau_nouveau-n%C3%A9bis.jpg/440px-Veau_nouveau-n%C3%A9bis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Newborn calf.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Embryo_transfered_calves.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Embryo_transfered_calves.JPG/220px-Embryo_transfered_calves.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Embryo_transfered_calves.JPG/330px-Embryo_transfered_calves.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Embryo_transfered_calves.JPG/440px-Embryo_transfered_calves.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1975" data-file-height="1196" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Charolais_cattle" title="Charolais cattle">Charolais</a> calves which were transferred, as embryos, into their <a href="/wiki/Aberdeen_Angus" title="Aberdeen Angus">Aberdeen Angus</a> and Hereford recipient mothers.</figcaption></figure> <p>Calves may be produced by natural means, or by artificial breeding using <a href="/wiki/Artificial_insemination" title="Artificial insemination">artificial insemination</a> or <a href="/wiki/Embryo_transfer" title="Embryo transfer">embryo transfer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Friend_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Friend-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Calves are born after nine months. They usually stand within a few minutes of calving, and suckle within an hour. However, for the first few days they are not easily able to keep up with the rest of the herd, so young calves are often left hidden by their mothers, who visit them several times a day to suckle them. By a week old the calf is able to follow the mother all the time. </p><p>Some calves are <a href="/wiki/Ear_tag" title="Ear tag">ear tagged</a> soon after birth, especially those that are <a href="/wiki/Stud_(animal)" title="Stud (animal)">stud cattle</a> in order to correctly identify their dams (mothers), or in areas (such as the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">EU</a>) where tagging is a legal requirement for cattle. Typically when the calves are about two months old they are branded, ear marked, castrated and <a href="/wiki/Vaccinate" class="mw-redirect" title="Vaccinate">vaccinated</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Calf_rearing_systems">Calf rearing systems</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calf_(animal)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Calf rearing systems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Calf_(animal)" title="Special:EditPage/Calf (animal)">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2009</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <i>single suckler</i> system of rearing calves is similar to that occurring naturally in wild cattle, where each calf is suckled by its own mother until it is weaned at about nine months old. This system is commonly used for rearing <a href="/wiki/Beef_cattle" title="Beef cattle">beef cattle</a> throughout the world. </p><p>Cows kept on poor forage (as is typical in <a href="/wiki/Subsistence_farming" class="mw-redirect" title="Subsistence farming">subsistence farming</a>) produce a limited amount of milk. A calf left with such a mother all the time can easily drink all the milk, leaving none for human consumption. For dairy production under such circumstances, the calf's access to the cow must be limited, for example by penning the calf and bringing the mother to it once a day after partly milking her. The small amount of milk available for the calf under such systems may mean that it takes a longer time to rear, and in subsistence farming it is therefore common for cows to calve only in alternate years. </p><p>In more intensive <a href="/wiki/Dairy_farming" title="Dairy farming">dairy farming</a>, cows can easily be bred and fed to produce far more milk than one calf can drink. In the <i>multi-suckler</i> system, several calves are fostered onto one cow in addition to her own, and these calves' mothers can then be used wholly for milk production. More commonly, calves of dairy cows are fed formula milk from soon after birth, usually from a bottle or bucket. </p><p>Purebred female calves of <a href="/wiki/Dairy_cattle" title="Dairy cattle">dairy cows</a> are reared as replacement dairy cows. Most purebred dairy calves are produced by artificial insemination (AI). By this method each bull can serve many cows, so only a very few of the purebred dairy male calves are needed to provide bulls for breeding. The remainder of the male calves may be reared for beef or veal. Only a proportion of purebred heifers are needed to provide replacement cows, so often some of the cows in dairy herds are put to a beef bull to produce crossbred calves suitable for rearing as beef. </p><p>Veal calves may be reared entirely on milk formula and killed at about 18 or 20 weeks as "white" veal, or fed on grain and hay and killed at 22 to 35 weeks to produce red or pink veal. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Growth">Growth</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calf_(animal)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Growth"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vaca.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Vaca.JPG/220px-Vaca.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Vaca.JPG/330px-Vaca.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Vaca.JPG/440px-Vaca.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1068" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ear_tag" title="Ear tag">Ear tagged</a> calf and cow in <a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Calf_suckling_at_a_meadow_near_Vrachesh%2C_Bulgaria.webm/220px--Calf_suckling_at_a_meadow_near_Vrachesh%2C_Bulgaria.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="56" data-mwtitle="Calf_suckling_at_a_meadow_near_Vrachesh,_Bulgaria.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Calf_suckling_at_a_meadow_near_Vrachesh,_Bulgaria.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dc/Calf_suckling_at_a_meadow_near_Vrachesh%2C_Bulgaria.webm/Calf_suckling_at_a_meadow_near_Vrachesh%2C_Bulgaria.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dc/Calf_suckling_at_a_meadow_near_Vrachesh%2C_Bulgaria.webm/Calf_suckling_at_a_meadow_near_Vrachesh%2C_Bulgaria.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dc/Calf_suckling_at_a_meadow_near_Vrachesh%2C_Bulgaria.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, opus"" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dc/Calf_suckling_at_a_meadow_near_Vrachesh%2C_Bulgaria.webm/Calf_suckling_at_a_meadow_near_Vrachesh%2C_Bulgaria.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dc/Calf_suckling_at_a_meadow_near_Vrachesh%2C_Bulgaria.webm/Calf_suckling_at_a_meadow_near_Vrachesh%2C_Bulgaria.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dc/Calf_suckling_at_a_meadow_near_Vrachesh%2C_Bulgaria.webm/Calf_suckling_at_a_meadow_near_Vrachesh%2C_Bulgaria.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dc/Calf_suckling_at_a_meadow_near_Vrachesh%2C_Bulgaria.webm/Calf_suckling_at_a_meadow_near_Vrachesh%2C_Bulgaria.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>Video of calf suckling in <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></figcaption></figure> <p>A commercial steer or bull calf is expected to put on about 32 to 36 kg (71 to 79 lb) per month. A nine-month-old steer or bull is therefore expected to weigh about 250 to 270 kg (550 to 600 lb). Heifers will weigh at least 200 kg (440 lb) at eight months of age. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Baby_Cow_(Age_150_days).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Baby_Cow_%28Age_150_days%29.jpg/220px-Baby_Cow_%28Age_150_days%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Baby_Cow_%28Age_150_days%29.jpg/330px-Baby_Cow_%28Age_150_days%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Baby_Cow_%28Age_150_days%29.jpg/440px-Baby_Cow_%28Age_150_days%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2992" /></a><figcaption>150 days old calf</figcaption></figure> <p>Calves are usually weaned at about eight to nine months of age, but depending on the season and condition of the dam, they might be weaned earlier. They may be paddock weaned, often next to their mothers, or weaned in <a href="/wiki/Feedlot" title="Feedlot">stockyards</a>. The latter system is preferred by some as it accustoms the <a href="/wiki/Weaner" class="mw-redirect" title="Weaner">weaners</a> to the presence of people and they are trained to take feed other than grass.<sup id="cite_ref-Cole_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cole-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Small numbers may also be weaned with their dams with the use of weaning <a href="/wiki/Nose_ring_(animals)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nose ring (animals)">nose rings</a> or nosebands which results in the mothers rejecting the calves' attempts to suckle. Many calves are also weaned when they are taken to the large weaner <a href="/wiki/Auction" title="Auction">auction</a> sales that are conducted in the south eastern states of Australia. Victoria and <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a> have yardings (sale yard numbers) of up to 8,000 weaners (calves) for <a href="/wiki/Auction" title="Auction">auction</a> sale in one day.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The best of these weaners may go to the butchers. Others will be purchased by re-stockers to grow out and fatten on grass or as potential breeders. In the United States these weaners may be known as <i>feeders</i> and would be placed directly into <a href="/wiki/Feedlot" title="Feedlot">feedlots</a>. </p><p>At about 12 months old a beef heifer reaches puberty if she is well grown.<sup id="cite_ref-Cole_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cole-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Diseases">Diseases</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calf_(animal)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Diseases"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Calves suffer from few congenital abnormalities but the <a href="/wiki/Akabane_virus" class="mw-redirect" title="Akabane virus">Akabane virus</a> is widely distributed in <a href="/wiki/Temperate" class="mw-redirect" title="Temperate">temperate</a> to <a href="/wiki/Tropics" title="Tropics">tropical</a> regions of the world. The virus is a teratogenic pathogen which causes spontaneous <a href="/wiki/Abortion" title="Abortion">abortions</a>, stillbirths, premature births and congenital abnormalities, but occurs only during some years. </p><p>Calves commonly face on-farm acquired diseases, often of infectious nature. Preweaned calves most commonly experience conditions such as diarrhea, omphalitis, lameness and respiratory diseases. Diarrhea, omphalitis and lameness are most common in calves aged up to two weeks, while the frequency of respiratory diseases tends to increase with age. These conditions also display seasonal patterns, with omphalitis being more common in the summer months, and respiratory diseases and diarrhea occurring more frequently in the fall.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uses">Uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calf_(animal)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Calf meat for <a href="/wiki/Human" title="Human">human</a> consumption is called <a href="/wiki/Veal" title="Veal">veal</a>, and is usually produced from the male calves of <a href="/wiki/Dairy_cattle" title="Dairy cattle">dairy cattle</a>. Also eaten are <a href="/wiki/Calf%27s_brains" class="mw-redirect" title="Calf's brains">calf's brains</a> and <a href="/wiki/Calf_liver" class="mw-redirect" title="Calf liver">calf liver</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Hide_(skin)" title="Hide (skin)">hide</a> is used to make <a href="/wiki/Calfskin" title="Calfskin">calfskin</a>, or tanned into leather and called calf leather, or sometimes in the US "novillo", the Spanish term. The fourth compartment of the stomach of slaughtered milk-fed calves is the source of <a href="/wiki/Rennet" title="Rennet">rennet</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Intestine" class="mw-redirect" title="Intestine">intestine</a> is used to make <a href="/wiki/Goldbeater%27s_skin" title="Goldbeater's skin">Goldbeater's skin</a>, and is the source of <a href="/wiki/Calf_Intestinal_Alkaline_Phosphatase_(CIP)" class="mw-redirect" title="Calf Intestinal Alkaline Phosphatase (CIP)">Calf Intestinal Alkaline Phosphatase (CIP)</a>. </p><p>Dairy heifers and cows can only produce milk after having calved. Dairy cows need to produce one calf each year in order to remain in milk production. Heifer (female) calves will nearly always become a replacement dairy cow. Some dairy heifers grow up to be mothers of beef cattle. Male dairy calves are generally reared for beef or veal; relatively few are kept for use as breeding stock. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_animals">Other animals</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calf_(animal)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Other animals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_animal_names" title="List of animal names">List of animal names</a></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>, the term "calf" is used by extension for the young of various other large species of <a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">mammal</a>. In addition to other <a href="/wiki/Bovinae" title="Bovinae">bovid</a> species (such as <a href="/wiki/Bison" title="Bison">bison</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yak" title="Yak">yak</a> and <a href="/wiki/Water_buffalo" title="Water buffalo">water buffalo</a>), these include the young of <a href="/wiki/Camel" title="Camel">camels</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dolphin" title="Dolphin">dolphins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elephant" title="Elephant">elephants</a>, <a href="/wiki/Giraffe" title="Giraffe">giraffes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hippopotamus" title="Hippopotamus">hippopotamuses</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deer" title="Deer">deer</a> (such as <a href="/wiki/Moose" title="Moose">moose</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elk" title="Elk">elk</a> (wapiti) and <a href="/wiki/Red_deer" title="Red deer">red deer</a>), <a href="/wiki/Rhinoceros" title="Rhinoceros">rhinoceroses</a>, <a href="/wiki/Porpoise" title="Porpoise">porpoises</a>, <a href="/wiki/Whale" title="Whale">whales</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walrus" title="Walrus">walruses</a> and larger <a href="/wiki/Pinniped" title="Pinniped">seals</a>. (Generally, the adult males of these same species are called "bulls" and the adult females "cows".) However, common domestic species tend to have their own specific names, such as lamb, <a href="/wiki/Foal" title="Foal">foal</a> used for all <i><a href="/wiki/Equidae" title="Equidae">Equidae</a></i>, or piglet used for all <a href="/wiki/Suidae" title="Suidae">suidae</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calf_(animal)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Mac-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mac_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>The Macquarie Dictionary</i>. North Ryde: Macquarie Library. 1991.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Macquarie+Dictionary&rft.place=North+Ryde&rft.pub=Macquarie+Library&rft.date=1991&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalf+%28animal%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Land, Rural Press, North Richmond, NSW, 7 August 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081202111216/http://www.webster.com/dictionary/heifer">"Definition of heifer"</a>. <i>Merriam-Webster</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webster.com/dictionary/heifer">the original</a> on 2008-12-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-11-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Definition+of+heifer&rft.btitle=Merriam-Webster&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwebster.com%2Fdictionary%2Fheifer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalf+%28animal%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofamer01arie/page/114">Cassidy, Frederic Gomes, and Joan Houston Hall. <i>Dictionary of American Regional English</i></a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-674-20511-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-674-20511-1">0-674-20511-1</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-20511-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-20511-6">978-0-674-20511-6</a> Referenced via Internet Archive June 4, 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Friend-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Friend_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Friend, John B., Cattle of the World, Blandford Press, Dorset, 1978, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7137-0856-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-7137-0856-5">0-7137-0856-5</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cole-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cole_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cole_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCole_B.V.Sc.1978" class="citation book cs1">Cole B.V.Sc., V.G. (1978). <i>Beef Production Guide</i>. Macarthur Press, Parramatta. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9599973-1-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-9599973-1-8"><bdi>0-9599973-1-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Beef+Production+Guide&rft.pub=Macarthur+Press%2C+Parramatta&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=0-9599973-1-8&rft.aulast=Cole+B.V.Sc.&rft.aufirst=V.G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalf+%28animal%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Land, 16 April 2009, "CTLX Carcoar Blue Ribbon Weaner Sale", p. 13, Rural Press, North Richmond</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDachrodtArndtBartelKellermann2021" class="citation journal cs1">Dachrodt, L.; Arndt, H.; Bartel, A.; Kellermann, L.M.; Tautenhahn, A.; Volkmann, M.; Birnstiel, K.; Do Duc, P.; Hentzsch, A.; Jensen, K.C.; Klawitter, M.; Paul, P.; Stoll, A.; Woudstra, S.; Zuz, P.; Knubben, G.; Metzner, M.; Müller, K.E.; Merle, R.; Hoedemaker, M. (2021-05-10). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3168%2Fjds.2021-20283">"Prevalence of disorders in preweaned dairy calves from 731 dairies in Germany: A cross-sectional study"</a>. <i>Journal of Dairy Science</i>. <b>104</b> (8): 9037–9051. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3168%2Fjds.2021-20283">10.3168/jds.2021-20283</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33985777">33985777</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:234495803">234495803</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Dairy+Science&rft.atitle=Prevalence+of+disorders+in+preweaned+dairy+calves+from+731+dairies+in+Germany%3A+A+cross-sectional+study&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=9037-9051&rft.date=2021-05-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A234495803%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F33985777&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3168%2Fjds.2021-20283&rft.aulast=Dachrodt&rft.aufirst=L.&rft.au=Arndt%2C+H.&rft.au=Bartel%2C+A.&rft.au=Kellermann%2C+L.M.&rft.au=Tautenhahn%2C+A.&rft.au=Volkmann%2C+M.&rft.au=Birnstiel%2C+K.&rft.au=Do+Duc%2C+P.&rft.au=Hentzsch%2C+A.&rft.au=Jensen%2C+K.C.&rft.au=Klawitter%2C+M.&rft.au=Paul%2C+P.&rft.au=Stoll%2C+A.&rft.au=Woudstra%2C+S.&rft.au=Zuz%2C+P.&rft.au=Knubben%2C+G.&rft.au=Metzner%2C+M.&rft.au=M%C3%BCller%2C+K.E.&rft.au=Merle%2C+R.&rft.au=Hoedemaker%2C+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.3168%252Fjds.2021-20283&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalf+%28animal%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDachrodtBartelArndtKellermann2022" class="citation journal cs1">Dachrodt, Linda; Bartel, Alexander; Arndt, Heidi; Kellermann, Laura Maria; Stock, Annegret; Volkmann, Maria; Boeker, Andreas Robert; Birnstiel, Katrin; Do Duc, Phuong; Klawitter, Marcus; Paul, Philip; Stoll, Alexander; Woudstra, Svenja; Knubben-Schweizer, Gabriela; Müller, Kerstin Elisabeth; Hoedemaker, M. (2022-09-23). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9539667">"Benchmarking calf health: Assessment tools for dairy herd health consultancy based on reference values from 730 German dairies with respect to seasonal, farm type, and herd size effects"</a>. <i>Frontiers in Veterinary Science</i>. <b>9</b>: 990798. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3389%2Ffvets.2022.990798">10.3389/fvets.2022.990798</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2297-1769">2297-1769</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9539667">9539667</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36213417">36213417</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Frontiers+in+Veterinary+Science&rft.atitle=Benchmarking+calf+health%3A+Assessment+tools+for+dairy+herd+health+consultancy+based+on+reference+values+from+730+German+dairies+with+respect+to+seasonal%2C+farm+type%2C+and+herd+size+effects&rft.volume=9&rft.pages=990798&rft.date=2022-09-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC9539667%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=2297-1769&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F36213417&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3389%2Ffvets.2022.990798&rft.aulast=Dachrodt&rft.aufirst=Linda&rft.au=Bartel%2C+Alexander&rft.au=Arndt%2C+Heidi&rft.au=Kellermann%2C+Laura+Maria&rft.au=Stock%2C+Annegret&rft.au=Volkmann%2C+Maria&rft.au=Boeker%2C+Andreas+Robert&rft.au=Birnstiel%2C+Katrin&rft.au=Do+Duc%2C+Phuong&rft.au=Klawitter%2C+Marcus&rft.au=Paul%2C+Philip&rft.au=Stoll%2C+Alexander&rft.au=Woudstra%2C+Svenja&rft.au=Knubben-Schweizer%2C+Gabriela&rft.au=M%C3%BCller%2C+Kerstin+Elisabeth&rft.au=Hoedemaker%2C+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC9539667&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalf+%28animal%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calf_(animal)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Calves" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Calves">calves</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/calves" class="extiw" title="q:calves">calves</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/calf" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:calf">calf</a></b></i>, <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/calve" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:calve">calve</a></b></i>, or <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/calves" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:calves">calves</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/animals-and-livestock/beef-cattle/husbandry/general-management/weaning-beef-calves">Weaning-beef-calves</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www1.agric.gov.ab.ca/$department/deptdocs.nsf/all/agdex3451">Calving</a> on <i>Ropin' the Web</i>, Agriculture and Food, Government of Alberta, Canada</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ksre.ksu.edu/library/lvstk2/MF2753.pdf">Winter Feeding Sites and Calf Scours, Kansas State 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