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</ul> </li> <li id="toc-France" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#France"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>France</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-France-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-French_colonies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#French_colonies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>French colonies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-French_colonies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Germany" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Germany"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Germany</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Germany-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Italy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Italy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7</span> <span>Italy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Italy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_forces_during_the_Second_World_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_forces_during_the_Second_World_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.8</span> <span>Other forces during the Second World War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_forces_during_the_Second_World_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Syria_and_Lebanon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Syria_and_Lebanon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.9</span> <span>Syria and Lebanon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Syria_and_Lebanon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Postwar_France" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Postwar_France"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.10</span> <span>Postwar France</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Postwar_France-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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Available in 26 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-26" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">26 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%88_%D8%A2%D8%B1-35" title="رينو آر-35 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رينو آر-35" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renault_R35" title="Renault R35 – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Renault R35" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renault_R-35" title="Renault R-35 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Renault R-35" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renault_R-35/39/40" title="Renault R-35/39/40 – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Renault R-35/39/40" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renault_R-35" title="Renault R-35 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Renault R-35" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renault_R35" title="Renault R35 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Renault R35" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renault_R35" title="Renault R35 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Renault R35" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renault_R35" title="Renault R35 – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Renault R35" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renault_R35" title="Renault R35 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Renault R35" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%95_R-35" title="רנו R-35 – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רנו R-35" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renault_R35" title="Renault R35 – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Renault R35" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renault_R35" title="Renault R35 – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Renault R35" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renault_R35" title="Renault R35 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Renault R35" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AB%E3%83%8E%E3%83%BC_R35" title="ルノー R35 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ルノー R35" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renault_R35" title="Renault R35 – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Renault R35" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renault_R-35" title="Renault R-35 – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Renault R-35" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renault_R35" title="Renault R35 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Renault R35" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renault_R-35" title="Renault R-35 – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Renault R-35" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renault_R35" title="Renault R35 – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Renault R35" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renault_R-35" title="Renault R-35 – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Renault R-35" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE_R-35" title="Рено R-35 – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Рено R-35" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renault_R35" title="Renault R35 – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Renault R35" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renault_R-35" title="Renault R-35 – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Renault R-35" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/R35" title="R35 – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="R35" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%B7%E8%AB%BER35%E6%88%B0%E8%BB%8A" title="雷諾R35戰車 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="雷諾R35戰車" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%B7%E8%AB%BER35%E6%88%B0%E8%BB%8A" title="雷諾R35戰車 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="雷諾R35戰車" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1141886#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Renault_R35" title="View the 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Renault+R35%22">"Renault R35"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Renault+R35%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Renault+R35%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Renault+R35%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Renault+R35%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Renault+R35%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span 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class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Renault-R-35-latrun-2.jpg/300px-Renault-R-35-latrun-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Renault-R-35-latrun-2.jpg/450px-Renault-R-35-latrun-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Renault-R-35-latrun-2.jpg/600px-Renault-R-35-latrun-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1226" data-file-height="932" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">R 35 in the <a href="/wiki/Yad_La-Shiryon" title="Yad La-Shiryon">Yad La-Shiryon</a> museum</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">Light <a href="/wiki/Infantry_tank" title="Infantry tank">infantry tank</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Place of origin</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/French_Third_Republic" title="French Third Republic">France</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Service history</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Used by</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a><br /> <p><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" 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style="padding-right:1em">Wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a><br /><a href="/wiki/1948_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_War" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War">1948 Arab–Israeli War</a><br /><a href="/wiki/1958_Lebanon_Crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="1958 Lebanon Crisis">1958 Lebanon Crisis</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Production history</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Designed</th><td class="infobox-data">1934</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Manufacturer</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Renault" title="Renault">Renault</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Produced</th><td class="infobox-data">1936–1940</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em"><abbr title="Number">No.</abbr> built</th><td class="infobox-data">R 35: 1,540<br /> "R 40": 145 approx.</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Specifications</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Mass</th><td class="infobox-data">10.6 metric tons</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Length</th><td class="infobox-data">4.02 m (13 ft 2 in)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Width</th><td class="infobox-data">1.87 m (6 ft 2 in)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Height</th><td class="infobox-data">2.13 m (7 ft 0 in)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Crew</th><td class="infobox-data">2 <sup id="cite_ref-B.Twhite_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-B.Twhite-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><hr /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em"><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_armour" title="Vehicle armour">Armour</a></th><td class="infobox-data">43 mm</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em"><div style="line-height:1.25em">Main<br />armament</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Puteaux_SA_18" title="Puteaux SA 18">37 mm L/21 SA 18 gun</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em"><div style="line-height:1.25em">Secondary<br />armament</div></th><td class="infobox-data">7.5 mm MAC31 <a href="/wiki/Reibel_machine_gun" title="Reibel machine gun">Reibel machine gun</a> coaxial</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Engine</th><td class="infobox-data">Renault V-4 gasoline engine<br />82 hp <sup id="cite_ref-B.Twhite_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-B.Twhite-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Power/weight</th><td class="infobox-data">8.0 hp/tonne</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Suspension</th><td class="infobox-data">Horizontal rubber cylinder springs</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em"><div style="line-height:1.25em">Operational<br />range</div></th><td class="infobox-data">130 km</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="Maximum speed of vehicle or missile">Maximum speed </span></th><td class="infobox-data">20 km/h (12 mph)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Renault R35</b>, an abbreviation of <i>Char léger Modèle 1935 R</i> or <b>R 35</b>, was a French light <a href="/wiki/Tanks_in_France#Inter_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanks in France">infantry tank</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>. </p><p>Designed from 1933 onwards and produced from 1936, the type was intended as an infantry support <a href="/wiki/Light_tank" title="Light tank">light tank</a>, equipping autonomous tank battalions, that would be allocated to individual infantry divisions to assist them in executing offensive operations. To this end it was relatively well-armoured but slow and lacking a good antitank capacity, fitted with a short 37 mm gun. At the outbreak of the war, the antitank role was more emphasized leading to the development and eventual production from April 1940 of a subtype with a more powerful longer gun, the <a href="/wiki/Renault_R40" title="Renault R40">Renault R40</a>. It was planned to shift new production capacity to the manufacture of other, faster, types, but due to the defeat of France, the R35/40 remained the most numerous French tank of the war, with about 1685 vehicles having been produced by June 1940. At that moment it had also been exported to <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia" title="Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a>. For the remainder of the war, Germany and its allies would use captured vehicles, some of them rebuilt into <a href="/wiki/Tank_destroyer" title="Tank destroyer">tank destroyers</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Development">Development</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renault_R35&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The development plan of 1926 foresaw the introduction of a <i>char d'accompagnement</i>, a cheap mass-produced light tank to replace the <a href="/wiki/Renault_FT" title="Renault FT">Renault FT</a> of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> vintage, to make it possible for the standard infantry divisions to execute <a href="/wiki/Combined_arms" title="Combined arms">combined arms</a> <a href="/wiki/Infiltration_tactics" title="Infiltration tactics">infiltration tactics</a>, seen as the only viable method of modern offensive warfare left for non-motorised units. The French army did not have the means to motorise more than a few select divisions. In 1930 this plan was replaced by a new one, giving more precise specifications. The first tank to be developed to fulfil its requirements, the <a href="/wiki/Char_D1" title="Char D1">Char D1</a>, proved to be neither cheap nor particularly light. In 1933, <i><a href="/wiki/Hotchkiss_et_Cie" title="Hotchkiss et Cie">Hotchkiss</a></i> offered an alternative solution, the later <a href="/wiki/Hotchkiss_H35" title="Hotchkiss H35">Hotchkiss H35</a>. For political reasons this proposal was turned into the <i>Plan 1933</i> and the whole of French industry was in August 1933 invited to propose possible designs. Fourteen companies responded (among which <i><a href="/wiki/Delaunay-Belleville" title="Delaunay-Belleville">Delaunay-Belleville</a></i>) and five submitted a prototype: <i>Hotchkiss</i> itself, the <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=CGCL&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CGCL (page does not exist)">Compagnie Général de Construction des Locomotives</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Atelier_de_Construction_de_Puteaux" title="Atelier de Construction de Puteaux">APX</a>, <a href="/wiki/Forges_et_Chantiers_de_la_Mediterran%C3%A9e" class="mw-redirect" title="Forges et Chantiers de la Mediterranée">FCM</a> and of course France's prime tank producer: <a href="/wiki/Renault" title="Renault">Renault</a>. Fearing that his rival Hotchkiss might well replace him as such, <a href="/wiki/Louis_Renault_(industrialist)" title="Louis Renault (industrialist)">Louis Renault</a> hurried to finish a vehicle; construction was soon in such an advanced stage that the changes in specification issued on 21 June 1934, to increase <a href="/wiki/Vehicle_armour" title="Vehicle armour">armour</a> thickness from 30 to 40 mm, could not be implemented. On 20 December 1934, Renault was the first to deliver a prototype, with the project name <b>Renault ZM</b>, to the <i>Commission de Vincennes</i>. </p><p>In the spring of 1935 this vehicle was refitted with heavier armour and a standard APX turret, attached by the <i>Atelier de Rueil</i> between 18 and 25 April. The prototype was still being tested when international tensions increased due to <a href="/wiki/German_re-armament" class="mw-redirect" title="German re-armament">German re-armament</a>. This prompted an urgent demand for swifter modernisation of the French tank fleet. The ZM was to be put into production immediately. On 29 April 1935 an order of 300 was made, even before the final model could be finished, at a price of 190,000 <a href="/wiki/French_franc" title="French franc">French franc</a> per hull (unarmed, without the engine and turret, the overall export price was ca. 1,400,000 francs in 1939,<sup id="cite_ref-Export_price_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Export_price-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that is ca. 32,000 dollars by 1939 standards).<sup id="cite_ref-Prices_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Prices-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first series production vehicle was delivered on 4 June 1936 and had to be extensively tested again as it was different from the prototype. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renault_R35&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Renault-R-35-latrun-4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Renault-R-35-latrun-4.jpg/220px-Renault-R-35-latrun-4.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Renault-R-35-latrun-4.jpg/330px-Renault-R-35-latrun-4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Renault-R-35-latrun-4.jpg/440px-Renault-R-35-latrun-4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1295" data-file-height="905" /></a><figcaption>Renault R35: the hatch at the back of the turret is clearly visible</figcaption></figure> <p>To save time, Renault based the suspension and running gear on that of the <a href="/wiki/AMR_35" title="AMR 35">AMR 35</a> that was designed for the cavalry. It had five wheels at each side, fitted with horizontal rubber-cylinder springs, like the <a href="/wiki/AMC_35" title="AMC 35">AMC 35</a>. </p><p>The hull, with a length of 4.02 m, consisted of three cast modules, with a maximum armour thickness of 43 millimetres, that were bolted together. Total weight was 10.6 metric tonnes (9.8 tonnes without fuel and ammunition). The bottom module carried on each side an independently sprung front wheel, two bogies and the driving sprocket at the extreme front. The final drive and differentials were housed at the right in the nose module. It was steered through a Cletrac differential with five gears and by engaging the brakes. The driver was seated somewhat to the left and had two hatches. The Renault V-4 85 hp engine was to the right in the short rear with the <a href="/wiki/Self-sealing_fuel_tank" title="Self-sealing fuel tank">self sealing</a> 166 litre fuel tank at its left. It rendered a road speed of 20 km/h and a range of 130 km. Cross-country speed did not exceed 14 km/h and the fuel consumption totaled 212 litre/100 km. From 1940 onward they were fitted with AMX tails to help in trench crossing. </p><p>The cast APX hexagonal turret had a 30 mm thick domed rotatable cupola with vertical vision slits (the highest point of 2.13 m) and had to be either hand cranked or moved about by the weight of the commander, the only other crew member. There was sometimes unofficially a seat installed for him but he most often stood. The rear of the turret had a hatch that hinged down that could be used as a seat to improve observation. The earliest vehicles were fitted with the APX-R turret (with the L713 sight) mounting the short <a href="/wiki/Puteaux" title="Puteaux">Puteaux</a> <a href="/wiki/Puteaux_SA_18" title="Puteaux SA 18">37 mm L/21 SA18</a> gun (the first batches were removed from Renault FT tanks which were then rebuilt as utility vehicles) and the 7.5 mm <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2tellerault" title="Châtellerault">Châtellerault</a> fortress machine gun. The cannon had a very poor armour penetration: only 12 mm at 500 metres. Afterwards the APX turret with the same cannon but the improved L739 sight and the standard Châtellerault 7.5 mm MAC31 <a href="/wiki/Reibel_machine_gun" title="Reibel machine gun">Reibel machine gun</a> was used because of delivery delays of the original weapon. There were also so many delays in the production of the turrets that after the first 380 hulls had been produced in 1936 and only 37 could be fitted with a turret, production was slowed down to 200 annually. The 7.5 mm <a href="/wiki/Machine_gun" title="Machine gun">machine gun</a>'s spent cartridges (from a total of 2,400) went down a chute through a hole in the floor. The tank carried 42 <a href="/wiki/Armor-piercing_shot_and_shell" class="mw-redirect" title="Armor-piercing shot and shell">armour piercing</a> and 58 <a href="/wiki/Shell_(projectile)#High-explosive" title="Shell (projectile)">high explosive</a> rounds. </p><p>The R 35 at first had no radio, except for the second battalion of the <i>507e Régiment de Chars de Combat</i> (of <a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">Charles de Gaulle</a>), but the R 40 had the ER 54 installed. However, this added to the already heavy task load of the commander, who also acted as gunner and loader. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Renault_R40_and_projects">Renault R40 and projects</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renault_R35&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Renault R40 and projects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Renault_R40" title="Renault R40">Renault R40</a></div> <p>In 1937 it had become obvious the original suspension system was unreliable and ineffective. After many trials it was replaced in the 1940 production run, after the 1540 vehicles had been built with the original design, by an AMX system using twelve wheels fitted with six vertical springs (AMX was the new name of the military division of Renault nationalised on 2 December 1936). About the same time the radio and a much more powerful gun were introduced. The long-barrelled L/35 37 mm SA38 in the adapted cast APX-R1 turret (with L767 sight) gave it an effective anti-tank capacity: 40 mm at 500 metres. The new combination was named the <i>Char léger modèle 1935 R modifié 1939</i> but is more commonly known as the Renault R40. It was delivered in time to equip one battalion of the <a href="/wiki/Polish_10th_Armoured_Cavalry_Brigade" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish 10th Armoured Cavalry Brigade">Polish 10th Armoured Cavalry Brigade</a> of the Polish Army in France and the last two French tank battalions to be formed. It was intended to fit the R 40 with the welded FCM turret in the second half of 1940, while refitting all existing R 35s with the longer SA 38 gun and bringing R 40 production levels up to 120 per month for the duration of the war. From January 1940, the vehicles of light tank unit commanders were gradually uparmed with the longer gun; but as absolute priority was given to tanks serving in armoured divisions, which were of the Hotchkiss type, of the 273 platoon, company and battalion commanders eligible in Renault units, only a few if any received this "R 39". The only official possible exception to the rule that Hotchkiss tanks had to be modified first was made on 12 February 1940 when it was ordered to replace the turrets of 24 Infantry tanks, without specifying the type, present in depot or driver schools in order to obtain older turrets to be fitted on R 35 export vehicles.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the same period a crash programme was executed to produce 200,000 armour piercing rounds per month for the shorter gun, as there had been only minimal stocks of this ammunition type.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Several projects were based on the R 35 such as a number of <a href="/wiki/Fascine" title="Fascine">fascine</a> carriers: these had frames or other contraptions mounted over the hull or turret with a fascine in them that could be dropped to fill trenches. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operational_history">Operational history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renault_R35&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Operational history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A0_35_%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA,_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%98%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83,_1940.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/%D0%A0_35_%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%2C_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%98%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83%2C_1940.jpg/220px-%D0%A0_35_%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%2C_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%98%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83%2C_1940.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/%D0%A0_35_%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%2C_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%98%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83%2C_1940.jpg/330px-%D0%A0_35_%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%2C_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%98%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83%2C_1940.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/%D0%A0_35_%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%2C_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%98%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83%2C_1940.jpg/440px-%D0%A0_35_%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%2C_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%98%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83%2C_1940.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3472" data-file-height="2243" /></a><figcaption>R35 tank participating in large military manoeuvres of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Yugoslav_Army" title="Royal Yugoslav Army">Yugoslav Army</a> at Torlak, 1940</figcaption></figure> <p>The R35 was intended to replace the Renault FT as standard light infantry tank from the summer of 1936, but even by May 1940 not enough conscripts had been retrained and therefore eight battalions of the older tank had to be kept operational. On 1 September 1939, at the outbreak of war, 975 vehicles had been delivered out of 1070 produced; 765 were fielded by tank battalions in France, 49 used for drive training, 33 were in depot and 45 present in the colonies. Of a total order for 2,300 at least 1,601 had been produced until 1 June 1940 — the numbers for that month are lacking — of which 245 had been exported: to Poland (50), Turkey (100; two batches of fifty each in February and March 1940),<sup id="cite_ref-B&B41_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-B&B41-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Romania (41 from an order for 200), and Yugoslavia (54). It is likely that the tanks exported to Yugoslavia (in April 1940) are not included under the 1,601 total and that overall production was 1,685; serial numbers known to be actually used indicate a production of at least 1670 vehicles. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Poland">Poland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renault_R35&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Poland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As the threat of war became apparent and the production rate of Polish <a href="/wiki/7TP" title="7TP">7TP</a> tank was insufficient, it was decided to buy vehicles abroad. Poles were most interested in French <a href="/wiki/Somua_S35" class="mw-redirect" title="Somua S35">SOMUA S35</a> tanks, but the proposal was refused by the French government. In 1938 the Polish Army bought one (according to other sources, two or three) R35 tank for testing. After a series of tests it was found that the design was disappointing: the engine was overheating, the suspension was tough, and armament insufficient. In April 1939 it was finally decided to buy a hundred R35 tanks as an emergency measure. The first shipment of fifty (other sources lower the number to 49) arrived in Poland in July 1939, along with three <a href="/wiki/Hotchkiss_H35" title="Hotchkiss H35">Hotchkiss H35</a> tanks bought for testing. In August they were mostly put into service with the <a href="/wiki/%C5%81uck" class="mw-redirect" title="Łuck">Łuck</a>-based 12th Armoured Battalion. At the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Poland_(1939)" class="mw-redirect" title="Invasion of Poland (1939)">Invasion of Poland</a> 45 (or 46) tanks formed the core of the newly created 21st Light Tank Battalion that was part of the general reserve of the Commander in Chief. The unit was to defend the <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Bridgehead" title="Romanian Bridgehead">Romanian Bridgehead</a>, but was divided after the Soviet invasion of Poland of 17 September. Late September the unit was withdrawn to defend the <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Bridgehead" title="Romanian Bridgehead">Romanian Bridgehead</a>. Subsequently, 34 tanks were withdrawn to <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>. Six tanks were attached to the <a href="/wiki/Polish_10th_Motorized_Cavalry_Brigade" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish 10th Motorized Cavalry Brigade">10th Motorized Cavalry Brigade</a> in Stanisławów (today <a href="/wiki/Ivano-Frankivsk" title="Ivano-Frankivsk">Ivano-Frankivsk</a>); they forced their way through Kolomyia and three vehicles crossed the <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungarian</a> border. The remaining tanks - four R35s and three <a href="/wiki/Hotchkiss_H35" title="Hotchkiss H35">H35s</a> - were put into service with the improvised <i>Dubno</i> <a href="/wiki/Operational_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Operational Group">Operational Group</a> and took part in the battles of Krasne on 19 September (with the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_invasion_of_Poland" title="Soviet invasion of Poland">Soviets</a>) and Kamionka Strumiłowa (with the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Germans</a>), during which all were destroyed. The second shipment of R35s did not reach Poland prior to the outbreak of World War II.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were diverted by the French to <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hungary">Hungary</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renault_R35&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Hungary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A smaller Polish force retreated to Hungary from the German and Soviet troops occupying Poland. In addition to thirty tankettes (TK-3 and TKS), this mixed formation also had three R35s. These vehicles were used by Hungary for training in tank driving and machine gun handling drills. By the end of the war, they were worn out due to the lack of spare parts; there is no trace of them after 1944.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Romania">Romania</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renault_R35&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Romania"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Romanian_armored_fighting_vehicle_production_during_World_War_II" title="Romanian armored fighting vehicle production during World War II">Romanian armored fighting vehicle production during World War II</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox vcard" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above hproduct" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;"><span class="fn org"> Vânătorul de care R35 (VDC R35) </span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Vanatorul_de_care_R35_(VDC_R35)_-_Romanian_WW2_tank_destroyer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Vanatorul_de_care_R35_%28VDC_R35%29_-_Romanian_WW2_tank_destroyer.jpg/220px-Vanatorul_de_care_R35_%28VDC_R35%29_-_Romanian_WW2_tank_destroyer.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Vanatorul_de_care_R35_%28VDC_R35%29_-_Romanian_WW2_tank_destroyer.jpg/330px-Vanatorul_de_care_R35_%28VDC_R35%29_-_Romanian_WW2_tank_destroyer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Vanatorul_de_care_R35_%28VDC_R35%29_-_Romanian_WW2_tank_destroyer.jpg/440px-Vanatorul_de_care_R35_%28VDC_R35%29_-_Romanian_WW2_tank_destroyer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="443" data-file-height="261" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The VDC R35 tank destroyer's prototype, with enlargened turret and 45 mm gun</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tank_destroyer" title="Tank destroyer">Tank destroyer</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Place of origin</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Romania" title="Kingdom of Romania">Kingdom of Romania</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Service history</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">In service</th><td class="infobox-data">1943–45</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Used by</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Romania" title="Kingdom of Romania">Kingdom of Romania</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Production history</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Designer</th><td class="infobox-data">Leonida</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Designed</th><td class="infobox-data">1942–43</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Manufacturer</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Grivi%C8%9Ba_(vehicle_manufacturer)" title="Grivița (vehicle manufacturer)">Atelierele Leonida</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Produced</th><td class="infobox-data">1943-1944</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em"><abbr title="Number">No.</abbr> built</th><td class="infobox-data">30 + 1 prototype with a T-26 turret</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Specifications (Data from<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Mass</th><td class="infobox-data">11.7 tonnes (11.5 long tons; 12.9 short tons)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Length</th><td class="infobox-data">4.02 metres (13.2 ft)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Width</th><td class="infobox-data">1.85 metres (6.1 ft)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Height</th><td class="infobox-data">2.05 metres (6.7 ft)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Crew</th><td class="infobox-data">2</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><hr /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em"><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_armour" title="Vehicle armour">Armor</a></th><td class="infobox-data">14–40 millimetres (0.55–1.57 in)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em"><div style="line-height:1.25em">Main<br />armament</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1 x <a href="/wiki/45_mm_anti-tank_gun_M1932_(19-K)" title="45 mm anti-tank gun M1932 (19-K)">45 mm 20K</a> tank gun</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Engine</th><td class="infobox-data">Renault V-4<br />82 horsepower (61 kW)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Power/weight</th><td class="infobox-data">7.0 hp/ton</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em"><div style="line-height:1.25em">Operational<br />range</div></th><td class="infobox-data">120 km</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="Maximum speed of vehicle or missile">Maximum speed </span></th><td class="infobox-data">On road: 20 kilometres per hour (12 mph) Off road: 15 km/h</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>As part of a rearmament program of the late 1930s, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Romania" title="Kingdom of Romania">Romania</a> sought to obtain a license for the local manufacture of two hundred French Renault R35 infantry tanks. By early 1938, negotiations for establishing a factory for the production of R35 tanks had reached an advanced state. By this time France's own demands for rearmament prohibited further development, however. In August and September 1939, as a stopgap measure, forty-one R35s were supplied to the Royal Romanian Army. These tanks served as the principal tank of the newly formed 2nd Armoured Regiment. At the end of September 1939, an additional thirty-four brand new R35s passed into Romanian hands when the Polish 21st Light Tank Battalion (<i>Batalion Czołgów Lekkich</i>, or BCL) chose internment over capture following the German conquest of Poland and fled over the Romanian border. With seventy-five tanks on strength, the 2nd Armoured Regiment expanded into two battalions. </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stalingrad" title="Battle of Stalingrad">Battle of Stalingrad</a>, the Romanians decided that the R 35s required significant improvement of their anti-tank capacity. At first, the turret of an R 35 of the 2nd Tank Regiment of the 1st Tank Division was swapped for the turret of a captured Soviet <a href="/wiki/T-26" title="T-26">T-26</a>. Ultimately, at the beginning of 1943, it was decided to keep the thicker armor of the French turret. Thus, the 45 mm gun of the T-26 was adopted as a replacement for the original 37 mm gun. The Soviet gun was attached to the French turret with the help of an extension which contained the recoil mechanism of the 45 mm piece. The downside to this was that, following these modifications, there was no longer enough space in the turret to keep the coaxial machine gun, which was thus removed. A Romanian-produced 47 mm Schneider gun was also proposed. The upgraded tanks were adopted as <a href="/wiki/Tank_destroyer" title="Tank destroyer">tank destroyers</a> under the designation <i>Vânătorul de care R35</i> (VDC 35; meaning "R35 tank hunter"), with thirty R35s converted until June 1944 by the Leonida factory in Bucharest. The Soviet <a href="/wiki/45_mm_anti-tank_gun_M1932_(19-K)#Tank_gun_20-K" title="45 mm anti-tank gun M1932 (19-K)">45 mm guns</a> were taken from captured T-26 and BT-7 tanks. They were refurbished at the <a href="/wiki/T%C3%A2rgovi%C8%99te_Army_Arsenal" title="Târgoviște Army Arsenal">Army Arsenal</a> in <a href="/wiki/T%C3%A2rgovi%C8%99te" title="Târgoviște">Târgoviște</a> while the new gun mounts containing the recoil mechanism were made at the Concordia Works in <a href="/wiki/Ploie%C8%99ti" title="Ploiești">Ploiești</a>. These vehicles served until the end of the war. A significant amount of the original French-made parts, from both the original and converted R35 tanks, was replaced by Romanian-produced spares in 1941–1942. Romanian factories produced drive <a href="/wiki/Sprocket" title="Sprocket">sprockets</a>, <a href="/wiki/Drive_shaft" title="Drive shaft">drive shafts</a>, tracks, new metal-rimmed road wheels and <a href="/wiki/Cylinder_heads" class="mw-redirect" title="Cylinder heads">cylinder heads</a>. The wheels were designed locally to be ten times more durable. Added to these were the gun mounts for the 45 mm guns, added as turret extensions, which contained the recoil mechanism. Thus, the Romanian-converted R35 had significant Romanian-manufactured parts in its hull, transmission and turret.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There were sixty R35 tanks in the Romanian inventory on 19 July 1944, thirty of which had been rearmed with 45 mm guns.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The only surviving part of a VDC R35 is a turret owned by a private collector from Slovakia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="France">France</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renault_R35&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: France"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 10 May 1940, <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_France" title="Battle of France">on the eve of the German invasion</a>, in mainland France the R 35 equipped 21 battalions, each fielding 45 vehicles. This gave 945 R 35/R 40 tanks in the French front line units. Of these, 900 were originally allocated at Army level in <i>Groupements de Bataillons de Chars</i> consisting of several battalions: </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:R35s.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/R35s.jpg/220px-R35s.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/R35s.jpg/330px-R35s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/R35s.jpg/440px-R35s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1494" data-file-height="947" /></a><figcaption>"R 39" at the <i><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_des_Blind%C3%A9s" title="Musée des Blindés">Musée des Blindés</a></i> at <a href="/wiki/Saumur" title="Saumur">Saumur</a> next to an R 35. Notice the longer gun, in this case a postwar conversion for the <i><a href="/wiki/Gendarmerie" title="Gendarmerie">Gendarmerie</a></i>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:R35-Saumur.00047t4x.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/R35-Saumur.00047t4x.jpg/220px-R35-Saumur.00047t4x.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/R35-Saumur.00047t4x.jpg/330px-R35-Saumur.00047t4x.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/R35-Saumur.00047t4x.jpg/440px-R35-Saumur.00047t4x.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="521" /></a><figcaption>The R 35 at Saumur</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:R-35-Aberdeen.0003kprx.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/R-35-Aberdeen.0003kprx.jpg/220px-R-35-Aberdeen.0003kprx.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/R-35-Aberdeen.0003kprx.jpg/330px-R-35-Aberdeen.0003kprx.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/R-35-Aberdeen.0003kprx.jpg/440px-R-35-Aberdeen.0003kprx.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="612" /></a><figcaption>The R 35 at Aberdeen</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>VIIe Armée <ul><li>GBC 510 <ul><li>9eBCC (R 35)</li> <li>22BCC (R 35)</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Ie Armée <ul><li>GBC 515 <ul><li>13BCC (<a href="/wiki/Hotchkiss_H35" title="Hotchkiss H35">H 35</a>)</li> <li>35BCC (R 35)</li></ul></li> <li>GBC 519 <ul><li>38BCC (H 35)</li> <li>39BCC (R 35)</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>IXe Armée <ul><li>GBC 518 <ul><li>6eBCC (R 35)</li> <li>32BCC (R 35)</li> <li>33BCC (FT)</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>IIe Armée <ul><li>GBC 503 <ul><li>3eBCC (R 35)</li> <li>4eBCC (FCM 36)</li> <li>7eBCC (FCM 36)</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>IIIe Armée <ul><li>GBC 511 <ul><li>5eBCC (R 35)</li> <li>12BCC (R 35)</li></ul></li> <li>GBC 513 <ul><li>29BCC (FT)</li> <li>51BCC (<a href="/wiki/Char_2C" title="Char 2C">Char 2C</a>)</li></ul></li> <li>GBC 520 <ul><li>23BCC (R 35)</li> <li>30BCC (FT)</li></ul></li> <li>GBC 532 <ul><li>43BCC (R 35)</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>IVe Armée <ul><li>GBC 502 <ul><li>20BCC (R 35)</li> <li>24BCC (R 35)</li></ul></li> <li>GBC 504 <ul><li>10BCC (R 35)</li> <li>343 CAC (FT)</li> <li>344 CAC (FT)</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Ve Armée <ul><li>GBC 501 <ul><li>1rBCC (R 35)</li> <li>2eBCC (R 35)</li> <li>31BCC (FT)</li></ul></li> <li>GBC 508 <ul><li>21BCC (R 35)</li> <li>34BCC (R 35)</li></ul></li> <li>GBC 517 <ul><li>19BCC (<a href="/wiki/Char_D2" title="Char D2">Char D2</a>)</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>VIIIe Armée <ul><li>GBC 506 <ul><li>16BCC (R 35)</li> <li>36BCC (FT)</li> <li>17BCC (R 35)</li> <li>18BCC (FT)</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Armée des Alpes <ul><li>GBC 514 <ul><li>Bataillon de Chars des Troupes Coloniales (FT)</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <p>These pure tank units had no organic infantry or artillery component and thus had to cooperate with infantry divisions. However, 135 R35s (2, 24 and the new 44 BCC) were allocated on 15 May to the provisional <a href="/wiki/4th_Armored_Division_(France,_1940)" title="4th Armored Division (France, 1940)">4th DCR</a> (<i>Division Cuirassée</i>). Two more new battalions, the 40th and 48th <i>Bataillion de Chars de Combat</i>, though still not having completed training, were used to reinforce <a href="/wiki/2nd_Armoured_Division_(France,_1940)" title="2nd Armoured Division (France, 1940)">2nd DCR</a>, the first equipped with 15 R35s and 30 R40s, the second with 16 R35s and 29 R40s bringing the total organic strength to 1035. In addition the 1st and 2nd Tank Battalion of the <a href="/wiki/Polish_10th_Armoured_Cavalry_Brigade" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish 10th Armoured Cavalry Brigade">Polish 10th Armoured Cavalry Brigade</a>, at first training with Renault FTs, were equipped with 17 R35s and about 24 R40s in late May; in June the R40s had been given back but replaced by 28 new ones. At the same time 1, 6, 25, 34 and 39 BCC were used to reconstitute 1DCR, 10 BCC reinforced 3DCR and 25 BCC was reconstituted with 21 R35s and 24 (ex-Polish) R40s. As about 300 tanks from the materiel reserve were issued to these units as well, around 800 of the 1440 available R35s ended up in armoured divisions after all. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Renault_R35&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2023</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="French_colonies">French colonies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renault_R35&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: French colonies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Two R35 battalions (63 and 68 BCC) with 45 and 50 tanks respectively were in <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>, a French <a href="/wiki/Mandate_territory" class="mw-redirect" title="Mandate territory">mandate territory</a>, and 30 were in <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>, 26 serving with 62 BCC and four in depot. The tanks in Syria would fight during the allied invasion of that mandate territory in 1941 and then partly be taken over by the <a href="/wiki/Free_French" class="mw-redirect" title="Free French">Free French</a> <i>1e CCC</i>, those in North Africa during <a href="/wiki/Operation_Torch" title="Operation Torch">Operation Torch</a> in November 1942. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Germany">Germany</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renault_R35&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Germany"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-174-1154-13,_Jugoslawien,_franz%C3%B6sischer_Panzer_H39.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-174-1154-13%2C_Jugoslawien%2C_franz%C3%B6sischer_Panzer_H39.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-174-1154-13%2C_Jugoslawien%2C_franz%C3%B6sischer_Panzer_H39.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-174-1154-13%2C_Jugoslawien%2C_franz%C3%B6sischer_Panzer_H39.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-174-1154-13%2C_Jugoslawien%2C_franz%C3%B6sischer_Panzer_H39.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-174-1154-13%2C_Jugoslawien%2C_franz%C3%B6sischer_Panzer_H39.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-174-1154-13%2C_Jugoslawien%2C_franz%C3%B6sischer_Panzer_H39.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="513" /></a><figcaption> A Renault R35 in German service in 1942</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Renault_Panzerj%C3%A4ger.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Renault_Panzerj%C3%A4ger.jpg/220px-Renault_Panzerj%C3%A4ger.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Renault_Panzerj%C3%A4ger.jpg/330px-Renault_Panzerj%C3%A4ger.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Renault_Panzerj%C3%A4ger.jpg/440px-Renault_Panzerj%C3%A4ger.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption><i>4,7cm PaK(t) auf Panzerkampfwagen 35R(f) ohne Turm</i></figcaption></figure> <p>The majority (843) of R35s fell into German hands; 131 were used as such as <i>Panzerkampfwagen 35R 731 (f)</i>, issued to panzer units and mainly used for security duties or driver training, or used on armoured trains; most were later rebuilt as artillery tractors and ammunition carriers after removing the turret. </p><p>A considerable number, 174 according to some sources,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> were converted into a 47 mm <a href="/wiki/Tank_destroyer" title="Tank destroyer">tank destroyer</a> to replace the <a href="/wiki/Panzerj%C3%A4ger_I" title="Panzerjäger I">Panzerjäger I</a>: the <i>4,7 cm PaK(t) auf Panzerkampfwagen 35R(f) ohne Turm</i>. The tank destroyer version had the turret replaced with an armoured superstructure mounting a <a href="/wiki/4,7cm_KP%C3%9AV_vz._38" class="mw-redirect" title="4,7cm KPÚV vz. 38">47mm kanon P.U.V. vz. 36 (Škoda A6)</a> anti-tank gun. The vehicles were converted by Alkett between May and October 1941 to try and make an equivalent vehicle to the Panzerjäger I. The result was not as successful as the Panzerjäger I, mainly due to the slow speed of the R 35 and the overloaded chassis. A few were deployed in <a href="/wiki/Operation_Barbarossa" title="Operation Barbarossa">Operation Barbarossa</a>, most were deployed in occupied territories, such as the <a href="/wiki/Channel_Islands" title="Channel Islands">Channel Islands</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Netherlands (with Pz.Jg.Abt.657, part of Pz Kompanie 224) and France.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They fought in the battles for Normandy with <i>Schnelle Brigade 30</i> in 1944 (five attached to the 3rd company, <i>Schnelle Abteilung 517</i><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), and around <a href="/wiki/Arnhem" title="Arnhem">Arnhem</a> with Pz.Jg.Abt. 657. Other possible users include 346 Inf. Div. in Normandy and 59th Inf. Div who fought the 101st Airborne during Operation Market Garden.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tobruk_at_the_CI_Military_Museum.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Tobruk_at_the_CI_Military_Museum.JPG/220px-Tobruk_at_the_CI_Military_Museum.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Tobruk_at_the_CI_Military_Museum.JPG/330px-Tobruk_at_the_CI_Military_Museum.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Tobruk_at_the_CI_Military_Museum.JPG/440px-Tobruk_at_the_CI_Military_Museum.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>Tobruk protecting the entrance to the bunker that now houses the Channel Islands Military Museum. This turret was originally mounted on a Tobruk at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Aubin%27s_Fort&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saint Aubin's Fort (page does not exist)">Saint Aubin's Fort</a>, Jersey.</figcaption></figure> <p>Some of the turrets removed from the tanks were used on <a href="/wiki/Defensive_fighting_position" title="Defensive fighting position">defensive fighting positions</a> known as "Tobruks". This gave the Tobruk enhanced firepower and the gunner protection from shrapnel and small arms.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Fourteen R 35 tanks, used to train tank drivers, equipped the <i>100. Panzer-Ersatz-Bataillon</i> (100th Panzer Replacement Battalion) in the <a href="/wiki/7th_Army_(Wehrmacht)" title="7th Army (Wehrmacht)">German Seventh Army</a> in 1944. On 6 June 1944, they were among the first <i>Armee-Reserve</i> units sent into combat near <a href="/wiki/Sainte-M%C3%A8re-%C3%89glise" title="Sainte-Mère-Église">Sainte-Mère-Église</a> to oppose the <a href="/wiki/American_airborne_landings_in_Normandy" title="American airborne landings in Normandy">American airborne landings in Normandy</a>. Supporting a counterattack by the 1057th Grenadier Regiment, R35s penetrated the command post of the U.S. 1st Battalion <a href="/wiki/505th_Parachute_Infantry_Regiment" class="mw-redirect" title="505th Parachute Infantry Regiment">505th Parachute Infantry Regiment</a> before being destroyed by <a href="/wiki/Bazooka" title="Bazooka">bazooka</a> fire.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Italy">Italy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renault_R35&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Italy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Italian_Army" title="Royal Italian Army">Royal Italian Army</a> received 124 R35s with which the <a href="/wiki/4th_Tank_Regiment_(Italy)" title="4th Tank Regiment (Italy)">4th Tank Infantry Regiment</a> formed two battalions. The two battalions were assigned to the <a href="/wiki/131st_Tank_Regiment_(Italy)" title="131st Tank Regiment (Italy)">131st Tank Infantry Regiment</a>, which was deployed in January 1942 to <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a>. There, the regiment's CII Tank Battalion R35 was assigned to the XII Army Corps defending the island's West, while the regimental command and CI Tank Battalion R35 were assigned to the XVI Army Corps defending the island's East. The regiment used some of its R35s in <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gela_(1943)" title="Battle of Gela (1943)">defence</a> of <a href="/wiki/Gela" title="Gela">Gela</a> on <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a> against <a href="/wiki/US_Rangers" class="mw-redirect" title="US Rangers">US Rangers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-B&B40_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-B&B40-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Hull_Rifles#5th_Battalion" title="Hull Rifles">5th Battalion, East Yorkshire Regiment</a> was attacked by five R35s as it advanced towards <a href="/wiki/Sortino" title="Sortino">Sortino</a>; four were quickly knocked out but the fifth drove right through the battalion and carried on until it was knocked out by a <a href="/wiki/M7_Priest" title="M7 Priest">105 mm self-propelled gun</a> near <a href="/wiki/Floridia" title="Floridia">Floridia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_forces_during_the_Second_World_War">Other forces during the Second World War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renault_R35&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Other forces during the Second World War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some of the tanks that Germany captured were given or sold to Germany's allies: <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> received about forty.<sup id="cite_ref-B&B40_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-B&B40-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Three Polish vehicles in late 1939 found their way to <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a>. </p><p>During the Syria-Lebanon Campaign, the Australian <a href="/wiki/2/6th_Cavalry_Commando_Regiment_(Australia)" title="2/6th Cavalry Commando Regiment (Australia)">2/6th Cavalry Commando Regiment</a>'s 'A' Squadron used four R35s that had been captured from the Vichy French.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Switzerland took over twelve R 35s that had fled from France.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the German victory over Yugoslavia in 1941, the <a href="/wiki/Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Independent State of Croatia">Independent State of Croatia</a> took over some R35s that had not been destroyed when fighting <i>11. Panzerdivision</i> on 13 and 14 April. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Syria_and_Lebanon">Syria and Lebanon</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renault_R35&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Syria and Lebanon"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Deganiatank1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Deganiatank1.jpg/220px-Deganiatank1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Deganiatank1.jpg/330px-Deganiatank1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Deganiatank1.jpg/440px-Deganiatank1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>A knocked-out <a href="/wiki/Military_of_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Syria">Syrian</a> R-35 at <a href="/wiki/Degania_Alef" title="Degania Alef">Degania Alef</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The R 35 saw combat in Syrian hands when five R 35s took part in an unsuccessful <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Army" title="Syrian Army">Syrian Army</a> attack on the <a href="/wiki/Jewish" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish">Jewish</a> <a href="/wiki/Kibbutz" title="Kibbutz">kibbutz</a> <a href="/wiki/Degania_Alef" title="Degania Alef">Degania Alef</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Galilee" title="Galilee">Galilee</a> on 20 May 1948. The kibbutz defenders, armed with a 20 mm anti-tank gun and <a href="/wiki/Molotov_cocktail" title="Molotov cocktail">Molotov cocktails</a>, managed to knock out three R 35s, causing the remaining forces to retreat.<sup id="cite_ref-R35_combat_in_Degania_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-R35_combat_in_Degania-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the disabled R 35s remains near the kibbutz today as a memorial of the <a href="/wiki/1947%E2%80%931949_Palestine_war" class="mw-redirect" title="1947–1949 Palestine war">1947–1949 Palestine war</a>. A 1991 <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Defence_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli Defence Forces">IDF</a> probe proved that this R35 had been knocked out by a <a href="/wiki/PIAT" title="PIAT">PIAT</a> round. </p><p>The Lebanese Army also incorporated a number of R 35s. Some of the Lebanese vehicles had been rebuilt with a British 40 mm <a href="/wiki/Ordnance_QF_2-pounder" title="Ordnance QF 2-pounder">Ordnance QF 2-pounder</a> gun, seeing action in the <a href="/wiki/1958_Lebanon_crisis" title="1958 Lebanon crisis">1958 Lebanon crisis</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Postwar_France">Postwar France</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renault_R35&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Postwar France"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some R 35s served after the war in the Gendarmerie, as "R 39s" refitted with SA 38 guns. They were phased out from 1951 in favour of the <a href="/wiki/Sherman_tank" class="mw-redirect" title="Sherman tank">Sherman tank</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renault_R35&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tanks_in_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanks in France">Tanks in France</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renault_R35&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-B.Twhite-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-B.Twhite_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-B.Twhite_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWhite1983" class="citation book cs1">White, B.T (1983). <i>Tanks and other Armoured Fighting Vehicles of World War II</i>. Peerage books. p. 91. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-907408-35-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-907408-35-4"><bdi>0-907408-35-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tanks+and+other+Armoured+Fighting+Vehicles+of+World+War+II&rft.pages=91&rft.pub=Peerage+books&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=0-907408-35-4&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=B.T&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARenault+R35" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Export_price-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Export_price_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://derela.republika.pl/prices.htm">"The prices of Polish armament before 1939"</a>. PIBWL Private Land Army Research Institute<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+prices+of+Polish+armament+before+1939&rft.pub=PIBWL+Private+Land+Army+Research+Institute&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fderela.republika.pl%2Fprices.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARenault+R35" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Prices-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Prices_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The 190,000 FF price (for the complete hull only: the turret added another 100,000), despite being very low when compared in dollars to other tanks of the epoch, is comparable to many similar prices in other French tank contracts. In 1935 there had been for many years a strong deflation of the dollar, making it very strong against the franc. In addition, this was from 1936 worsened by a deliberate French policy of devaluation until the FF was fixed against the dollar on 9 September 1939 at a 43.8 to 1 rate. These exchange rates did not reflect internal value though: they were an artificial instrument to stimulate French exports. This explains how the French were able to produce the entire R 35 at about 500,000 FF in 1939: the real value of the materials and labour used, was about $30,000, not $12,000, as the franc was undervalued about 2.5 times. The export price was realistic though and did not reflect the lower prices for raw materials France was able to obtain from its colonies.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">François Vauvillier, 2006, "Toute la Lumière sur le Canon de 37 SA 38", <i>Histoire de Guerre, Blindés et Matériel</i>, N°74, p. 79</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">François Vauvillier, 2006, "Toute la Lumière sur le Canon de 37 SA 38", <i>Histoire de Guerre, Blindés et Matériel</i>, N°74, p. 78</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-B&B41-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-B&B41_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMahé2011" class="citation magazine cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Mahé, Yann (February 2011). "Le Blindorama : La Turquie, 1935 - 1945". <i>Batailles & Blindés</i> (in French). No. 41. Caraktère. pp. 4–7. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1765-0828">1765-0828</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Batailles+%26+Blind%C3%A9s&rft.atitle=Le+Blindorama+%3A+La+Turquie%2C+1935+-+1945&rft.issue=41&rft.pages=4-7&rft.date=2011-02&rft.issn=1765-0828&rft.aulast=Mah%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Yann&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARenault+R35" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jońca, Adam et al. (1990). <i>Wrzesień 1939. Pojazdy wojska polskiego. Barwa i broń</i>: WKiŁ, p. 64-65. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/83-206-0847-3" title="Special:BookSources/83-206-0847-3">83-206-0847-3</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBonhardSárhidaiWinkler1992" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bonhard, Attila; Sárhidai, Gyula; Winkler, László (1992). <i>A Magyar Királyi Honvédség Fegyverzete</i> [<i>Weapons of the Royal Hungarian Defense Forces</i>] (in Hungarian). Budapest: Zrínyi Katonai Kiadó. pp. 104–107. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/963-327-182-7" title="Special:BookSources/963-327-182-7"><bdi>963-327-182-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Magyar+Kir%C3%A1lyi+Honv%C3%A9ds%C3%A9g+Fegyverzete&rft.place=Budapest&rft.pages=104-107&rft.pub=Zr%C3%ADnyi+Katonai+Kiad%C3%B3&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=963-327-182-7&rft.aulast=Bonhard&rft.aufirst=Attila&rft.au=S%C3%A1rhidai%2C+Gyula&rft.au=Winkler%2C+L%C3%A1szl%C3%B3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARenault+R35" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mark Axworthy, London: Arms and Armour, 1995, <i>Third Axis, Fourth Ally: Romanian Armed Forces in the European War, 1941–1945</i>, p. 227</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mark Axworthy, London: Arms and Armour, 1995, <i>Third Axis, Fourth Ally: Romanian Armed Forces in the European War, 1941–1945</i>, pp. 225-227</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mark Axworthy, London: Arms and Armour, 1995, <i>Third Axis, Fourth Ally: Romanian Armed Forces in the European War, 1941–1945</i>, pp. 225-226 and 153</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=de&u=http://www.lexikon-der-wehrmacht.de/Waffen/beutefahrzeuge-R.htm&prev=/search%3Fq%3D4,7%2Bcm%2BPaK%28t%29%2Bauf%2BPanzerkampfwagen%2B35R%28f%29%26start%3D20%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26sa%3DN%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-GB:official%26biw%3D1237%26bih%3D631">"Google Translate"</a>. <i>google.co.uk</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=google.co.uk&rft.atitle=Google+Translate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftranslate.google.com%2Ftranslate%3Fhl%3Den%26sl%3Dde%26u%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.lexikon-der-wehrmacht.de%2FWaffen%2Fbeutefahrzeuge-R.htm%26prev%3D%2Fsearch%253Fq%253D4%2C7%252Bcm%252BPaK%2528t%2529%252Bauf%252BPanzerkampfwagen%252B35R%2528f%2529%2526start%253D20%2526client%253Dfirefox-a%2526sa%253DN%2526rls%253Dorg.mozilla%3Aen-GB%3Aofficial%2526biw%253D1237%2526bih%253D631&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARenault+R35" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.network54.com/Forum/47207/thread/1258908880/1258963906/4%2C7cm+Pak%28t%29+auf+Panzerkampfwagen+35R%28f%29+in+Jersey">Axis WWII Discussion Group: 4,7cm Pak(t) auf Panzerkampfwagen 35R(f) in Jersey</a>. Network54.com. Retrieved on 2011-06-21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ww2incolor.com/german-armor/vehicle_r35_4.html">German Armored Forces & Vehicles – Knocked-out 4.7 cm PaK(t) auf Panzerkampfwagen</a>. Ww2incolor.com (2011-04-04). Retrieved on 2011-06-21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pienkossfamily.com/Things/30thSchnelleBrigade/30thSchnelleBrigade.html">30thSchnelleBrigade</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140222205627/http://pienkossfamily.com/Things/30thSchnelleBrigade/30thSchnelleBrigade.html">Archived</a> 22 February 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Pienkossfamily.com (1944-07-18). Retrieved on 2011-06-21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFF._dell'Uomo,_R._Puletti1998" class="citation book cs1">F. dell'Uomo, R. Puletti (1998). <i>L'Esercito Italiano verso il 2000 - Vol. Primo - Tomo I</i>. Rome: SME - Ufficio Storico. p. 551.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=L%27Esercito+Italiano+verso+il+2000+-+Vol.+Primo+-+Tomo+I&rft.place=Rome&rft.pages=551&rft.pub=SME+-+Ufficio+Storico&rft.date=1998&rft.au=F.+dell%27Uomo%2C+R.+Puletti&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARenault+R35" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-B&B40-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-B&B40_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-B&B40_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoisdron2010" class="citation magazine cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Boisdron, Mathieu (December 2010). "Le Blindorama : La genèse de la force blindée bulgare 1935 - 1943". <i>Batailles & Blindés</i> (in French). No. 40. Caraktère. pp. 4–7. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1765-0828">1765-0828</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Batailles+%26+Blind%C3%A9s&rft.atitle=Le+Blindorama+%3A+La+gen%C3%A8se+de+la+force+blind%C3%A9e+bulgare+1935+-+1943&rft.issue=40&rft.pages=4-7&rft.date=2010-12&rft.issn=1765-0828&rft.aulast=Boisdron&rft.aufirst=Mathieu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARenault+R35" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">B.S. Barnes, <i>The Sign of the Double 'T' (The 50th Northumbrian Division – July 1943 to December 1944)</i>, Market Weighton: Sentinel Press, 2nd Edn 2008, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9534262-0-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9534262-0-1">978-0-9534262-0-1</a>, p. 10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHandel2003" class="citation book cs1">Handel, Paul (2003). <i>Dust, Sand & Jungle: A History of Australian Armour During Training and Operations, 1927–1948</i>. Puckapunyal, Victoria: RAAC Memorial and Army Tank Museum. p. 146. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-876439-75-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-876439-75-0"><bdi>1-876439-75-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dust%2C+Sand+%26+Jungle%3A+A+History+of+Australian+Armour+During+Training+and+Operations%2C+1927%E2%80%931948&rft.place=Puckapunyal%2C+Victoria&rft.pages=146&rft.pub=RAAC+Memorial+and+Army+Tank+Museum&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=1-876439-75-0&rft.aulast=Handel&rft.aufirst=Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARenault+R35" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMahé2012" class="citation magazine cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Mahé, Yann (December 2012). "Le Blindorama : La Suisse, 1936 - 1945". <i>Batailles et Blindés</i> (in French). No. 52. Caraktère. pp. 6–9. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1765-0828">1765-0828</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Batailles+et+Blind%C3%A9s&rft.atitle=Le+Blindorama+%3A+La+Suisse%2C+1936+-+1945&rft.issue=52&rft.pages=6-9&rft.date=2012-12&rft.issn=1765-0828&rft.aulast=Mah%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Yann&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARenault+R35" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-R35_combat_in_Degania-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-R35_combat_in_Degania_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteven_Thomas" class="citation web cs1">Steven Thomas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070921184137/http://www.balagan.org.uk/war/ai/1948/chronology.htm">"Chronology of the 1948–49 Arab-Israeli War"</a>. balagan.org.uk. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.balagan.org.uk/war/ai/1948/chronology.htm">the original</a> on 21 September 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 November</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chronology+of+the+1948%E2%80%9349+Arab-Israeli+War&rft.pub=balagan.org.uk&rft.au=Steven+Thomas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.balagan.org.uk%2Fwar%2Fai%2F1948%2Fchronology.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARenault+R35" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literature">Literature</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renault_R35&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pascal Danjou, 2005, <i>Renault R35/R40</i>, Editions du Barbotin, Ballainvilliers </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renault_R35&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output 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typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Renault_R35" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Renault R35">Renault R35</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wwiivehicles.com/france/tanks-light/r-35.asp">WWII Vehicles</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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aria-labelledby="French_armoured_fighting_vehicles_of_the_Second_World_War" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar 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<li><a href="/wiki/Hotchkiss_H35" title="Hotchkiss H35">Hotchkiss H35/H38/H39</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Renault R35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renault_R40" title="Renault R40">Renault R40</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Medium/heavy tanks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AMC_34" title="AMC 34">AMC 34</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMC_35" title="AMC 35">AMC 35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Char_2C" title="Char 2C">Char 2C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Char_B1" title="Char B1">Char B1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Char_D1" title="Char D1">Char D1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Char_D2" title="Char D2">Char D2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOMUA_S35" title="SOMUA S35">SOMUA S35</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Armored_car_(military)" title="Armored car (military)">Armoured cars</a>, <a href="/wiki/Halftrack" class="mw-redirect" title="Halftrack">halftracks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Panhard_178" title="Panhard 178">Panhard 178</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMC_Schneider_P_16" title="AMC Schneider P 16">AMC Schneider P 16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_AM_armoured_car" title="White AM armoured car">White-Laffly AMD</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Armoured carriers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Renault_UE_Chenillette" title="Renault UE Chenillette">Renault UE Chenillette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorraine_37L" title="Lorraine 37L">Lorraine 37L</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Experimental</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FCM_F1" title="FCM F1">FCM F1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ARL_tracteur_C" class="mw-redirect" title="ARL tracteur C">ARL tracteur C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gendron-Somua_AMR_39" title="Gendron-Somua AMR 39">Gendron-Somua AMR 39</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMX_Tracteur_C" title="AMX Tracteur C">AMX Tracteur C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMX_38" title="AMX 38">AMX 38</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMX_40_(1940)" class="mw-redirect" title="AMX 40 (1940)">AMX 40 (1940)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ARL_40" class="mw-redirect" title="ARL 40">ARL 40</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renault_B1_(ter)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Renault B1 (ter) (page does not exist)">Renault B1 (ter)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=S35_CA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S35 CA (page does not exist)">S35 CA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Char_G1" title="Char G1">Char G1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panhard_AM_40_P" title="Panhard AM 40 P">Panhard AM 40 P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOMUA_S35#Projects" title="SOMUA S35">SARL 42</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOMUA_S35#Projects" title="SOMUA S35">Somua SAu 40</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somua_S40" title="Somua S40">Somua S40</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ARL_44" title="ARL 44">ARL 44</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ARL_V_39" title="ARL V 39">ARL V 39</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_armoured_fighting_vehicle_production_during_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="French armoured fighting vehicle production during World War II">French armoured fighting vehicle production during World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanks_in_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanks in France">Tanks in France</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Kingdom_of_Romania&#124;link=Kingdom_of_Romania_Romanian_armored_fighting_vehicles_of_World_War_II" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:WWIIRomanianAFVs" title="Template:WWIIRomanianAFVs"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:WWIIRomanianAFVs" title="Template talk:WWIIRomanianAFVs"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:WWIIRomanianAFVs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:WWIIRomanianAFVs"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Kingdom_of_Romania&#124;link=Kingdom_of_Romania_Romanian_armored_fighting_vehicles_of_World_War_II" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Romania" title="Kingdom of Romania"><img alt="Kingdom of Romania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Romanian_armored_fighting_vehicle_production_during_World_War_II" title="Romanian armored fighting vehicle production during World War II">Romanian armored fighting vehicles of World War II</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Tank" title="Tank">Tanks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Renault_FT" title="Renault FT">Renault FT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-1_tank" title="R-1 tank">R-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panzer_35(t)#Variants" title="Panzer 35(t)">R-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panzer_35(t)#Variants" title="Panzer 35(t)">R-2c</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">CDL R35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panzer_III" title="Panzer III">T-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panzer_IV" title="Panzer IV">T-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panzer_38(t)" title="Panzer 38(t)">T-38</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Tank_destroyer" title="Tank destroyer">Tank destroyers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TACAM_T-60" title="TACAM T-60">TACAM T-60</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TACAM_R-2" title="TACAM R-2">TACAM R-2</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Romania">VDC R35</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Assault_gun" title="Assault gun">Assault guns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sturmgesch%C3%BCtz_III" title="Sturmgeschütz III">TAs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Half-track" title="Half-track">Half-tracks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sd.Kfz._9" title="Sd.Kfz. 9">Famo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sd.Kfz._10" title="Sd.Kfz. 10">Sd.Kfz. 10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sd.Kfz._11" title="Sd.Kfz. 11">Sd.Kfz. 11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sd.Kfz._250" title="Sd.Kfz. 250">SPW ușor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sd.Kfz._251" title="Sd.Kfz. 251">SPW mijlociu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Armored_car_(military)" title="Armored car (military)">Armored cars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leichter_Panzersp%C3%A4hwagen" title="Leichter Panzerspähwagen">Sd.Kfz. 221/22/23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AB_41" class="mw-redirect" title="AB 41">AB-41</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OA_vz._27" title="OA vz. 27">OA vz. 27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OA_vz._30" title="OA vz. 30">OA vz. 30</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Armored carriers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Renault_UE_Chenillette#Şenileta_Malaxa_Tipul_UE" title="Renault UE Chenillette">Malaxa UE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komsomolets_armored_tractor" title="Komsomolets armored tractor">T-20 Komsomolets</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Prototypes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/T-1_tractor" title="T-1 tractor">T-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AB_md._41" title="AB md. 41">AB md. 41</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mare%C8%99al_tank_destroyer" class="mw-redirect" title="Mareșal tank destroyer">Mareșal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goliath_tracked_mine#Romanian_version" title="Goliath tracked mine">Romanian Goliath</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Proposed designs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Panzer_35(t)#Variants" title="Panzer 35(t)">R-2a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-3_(tank)" class="mw-redirect" title="R-3 (tank)">R-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1942_medium_tank_(Romania)" title="1942 medium tank (Romania)">1942 medium tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-34_variants#Romania" title="T-34 variants">T-34-120/150</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-26#Foreign_variants" title="T-26">T-26/37</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TACAM_R-1" title="TACAM R-1">TACAM R-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TACAM_T-38" title="TACAM T-38">TACAM T-38</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mare%C8%99al_tank_destroyer#Anti-aircraft_vehicle" class="mw-redirect" title="Mareșal tank destroyer">Mareșal SPAAG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mare%C8%99al_tank_destroyer#Self-propelled_howitzer" class="mw-redirect" title="Mareșal tank destroyer">Mareșal self-propelled howitzer</a></li> 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