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[r]" accesskey="r"><span>Апошнія змены</span></a></li><li id="n-newpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:NewPages"><span>Новыя старонкі</span></a></li><li id="n-Village-pump" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BC"><span>Форум</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:Random" title="Паказаць выпадковую старонку [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Выпадковая старонка</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Дзе можна атрымаць тлумачэнні."><span>Даведка</span></a></li><li id="n-bug_in_article" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BA%D1%96"><span>Паведаміць пра памылку</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%9E%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Вікіпедыя" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-be.svg" style="width: 7.625em; 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[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Увайсці</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Больш магчымасцей" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Асабістыя інструменты" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Асабістыя інструменты</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Меню ўдзельніка" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_be.wikipedia.org&uselang=be"><span>Ахвяраваць</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:CreateAccount&returnto=%D0%9B%D1%96%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0+%28%D0%B7%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%87%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5+%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%29" title="Вам прапануецца стварыць уліковы запіс і ўвайсці ў сістэму, але гэта не абавязкова"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Стварыць уліковы запіс</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:UserLogin&returnto=%D0%9B%D1%96%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0+%28%D0%B7%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%87%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5+%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%29" title="Вам прапануецца ўвайсці ў сістэму, але гэта неабавязкова. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Увайсці</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Старонкі для ананімных рэдактараў <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B0:%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B0" aria-label="Даведацца больш пра праўку"><span>даведацца больш</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:MyContributions" title="Спіс правак, зробленых з гэтага IP-адраса [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Уклад</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:MyTalk" title="Размовы пра праўкі, зробленыя з гэтага IP-адраса [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Размовы</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Праект"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Лігатура (злучэнне літар)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Перайсці да артыкула на іншай мове. Даступны на 53 мовах." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-53" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">53 мовы</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligatur_(Typografie)" title="Ligatur (Typografie) – швейцарская нямецкая" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Ligatur (Typografie)" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="швейцарская нямецкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A3%D8%A8%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="وصلات أبجدية – арабская" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="وصلات أبجدية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="арабская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liqatura" title="Liqatura – азербайджанская" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Liqatura" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="азербайджанская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0_(%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Лигатура (типография) – балгарская" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Лигатура (типография)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="балгарская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%B0" title="যুক্তাক্ষর – бенгальская" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="যুক্তাক্ষর" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="бенгальская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lligadura_(tipografia)" title="Lligadura (tipografia) – каталанская" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Lligadura (tipografia)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталанская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligatura_(p%C3%ADsmo)" title="Ligatura (písmo) – чэшская" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ligatura (písmo)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чэшская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clymlythyren" title="Clymlythyren – валійская" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Clymlythyren" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="валійская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligatur" title="Ligatur – дацкая" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ligatur" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="дацкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligatur_(Typografie)" title="Ligatur (Typografie) – нямецкая" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ligatur (Typografie)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="нямецкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%8D%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%B3%CE%BC%CE%B1_(%CF%84%CF%85%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%B3%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%86%CE%AF%CE%B1)" title="Σύμπλεγμα (τυπογραφία) – грэчаская" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σύμπλεγμα (τυπογραφία)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="грэчаская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligature_(writing)" title="Ligature (writing) – англійская" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Ligature (writing)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="англійская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligaturo" title="Ligaturo – эсперанта" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ligaturo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="эсперанта" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligadura_(tipograf%C3%ADa)" title="Ligadura (tipografía) – іспанская" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ligadura (tipografía)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="іспанская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligatuur_(kiri)" title="Ligatuur (kiri) – эстонская" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ligatuur (kiri)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="эстонская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%AF%DA%86%D8%B1" title="لیگچر – фарсі" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لیگچر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="фарсі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligatuuri" title="Ligatuuri – фінская" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ligatuuri" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="фінская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligature_(%C3%A9criture)" title="Ligature (écriture) – французская" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ligature (écriture)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="французская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligatuer" title="Ligatuer – заходняя фрызская" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Ligatuer" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="заходняя фрызская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligadura_(tipograf%C3%ADa)" title="Ligadura (tipografía) – галісійская" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ligadura (tipografía)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галісійская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%92%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%94" title="ליגטורה – іўрыт" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ליגטורה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="іўрыт" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligat%C3%BAra" title="Ligatúra – венгерская" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ligatúra" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="венгерская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D6%81%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%AB%D6%80" title="Կցագիր – армянская" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կցագիր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="армянская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligatur" title="Ligatur – інданезійская" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ligatur" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="інданезійская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samsteypa_(leturfr%C3%A6%C3%B0i)" title="Samsteypa (leturfræði) – ісландская" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Samsteypa (leturfræði)" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="ісландская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legatura_(tipografia)" title="Legatura (tipografia) – італьянская" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Legatura (tipografia)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="італьянская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%88%E5%AD%97" title="合字 – японская" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="合字" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="японская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90_(%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%90)" title="ლიგატურა (პოლიგრაფია) – грузінская" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ლიგატურა (პოლიგრაფია)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="грузінская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0_(%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Лигатура (типография) – казахская" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Лигатура (типография)" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="казахская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%A9%EC%9E%90" title="합자 – карэйская" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="합자" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="карэйская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligatura" title="Ligatura – лацінская" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ligatura" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="лацінская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligat%C5%ABra_(poligrafija)" title="Ligatūra (poligrafija) – літоўская" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Ligatūra (poligrafija)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="літоўская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligat%C5%ABra" title="Ligatūra – латышская" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ligatūra" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="латышская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="കൂട്ടക്ഷരം – малаялам" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കൂട്ടക്ഷരം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="малаялам" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligatuur_(typografie)" title="Ligatuur (typografie) – нідэрландская" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ligatuur (typografie)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="нідэрландская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligatur" title="Ligatur – нарвежская (нюношк)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Ligatur" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="нарвежская (нюношк)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligatur_(typografi)" title="Ligatur (typografi) – нарвежская (букмол)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ligatur (typografi)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="нарвежская (букмол)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligatura_(pismo)" title="Ligatura (pismo) – польская" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ligatura (pismo)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="польская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A7" title="ترسیما – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ترسیما" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligadura_tipogr%C3%A1fica" title="Ligadura tipográfica – партугальская" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ligadura tipográfica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="партугальская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligatur%C4%83_(tipografie)" title="Ligatură (tipografie) – румынская" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ligatură (tipografie)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="румынская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0_(%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Лигатура (типографика) – руская" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Лигатура (типографика)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="руская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligature_(writing)" title="Ligature (writing) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ligature (writing)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligat%C3%BAra_(p%C3%ADsmo)" title="Ligatúra (písmo) – славацкая" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ligatúra (písmo)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="славацкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Лигатура – сербская" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Лигатура" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="сербская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligatur" title="Ligatur – шведская" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ligatur" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="шведская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9D%E0%B8%94" title="รูปอักขระแฝด – тайская" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รูปอักขระแฝด" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="тайская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligat%C3%BCr" title="Ligatür – турэцкая" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ligatür" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="турэцкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0_(%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Лігатура (типографія) – украінская" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Лігатура (типографія)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украінская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%81" title="ترسیمہ – урду" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ترسیمہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="урду" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%AF_gh%C3%A9p" title="Chữ ghép – в’етнамская" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chữ ghép" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="в’етнамская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%88%E5%AD%97" title="合字 – кітайская" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="合字" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="кітайская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%80%A3%E7%B5%90%E5%AD%97" title="連結字 – кантонскі дыялект кітайскай" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="連結字" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="кантонскі дыялект кітайскай" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q188725#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Правіць міжмоўныя спасылкі" 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href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D1%96%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0_(%D0%B7%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%87%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80)&printable=yes" title="Друкавальная версія гэтай старонкі [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Для друку</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> У іншых праектах </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ligatures" hreflang="en"><span>Вікісховішча</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q188725" title="Спасылка на звязаны элемент рэпазітара даных [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Элемент Вікіданых</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Выгляд"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Выгляд</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">перанесці да бакавой панэлі</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">схаваць</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">З Вікіпедыі, свабоднай энцыклапедыі</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="be" dir="ltr"><div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable noprint dabhide">У паняцця ёсць і іншыя значэнні, гл. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D1%96%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Лігатура (няма такой старонкі)">Лігатура</a>.</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Ligatures.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Ligatures.png/200px-Ligatures.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Ligatures.png/300px-Ligatures.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Ligatures.png/400px-Ligatures.png 2x" data-file-width="555" data-file-height="514" /></a><figcaption>Некаторыя лігатуры ў лацініцы</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Лігату́ра</b> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Лацінская мова">лац.</a>: <span style="font-style: italic;" lang="la">ligatura</span> — сувязь) — <a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Знак">знак</a> любой сістэмы пісьма ці <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BF%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Фанетычная транскрыпцыя">фанетычнай транскрыпцыі</a>, утвораны шляхам злучэння дзвюх і больш <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Графема">графем</a>, напрыклад: <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Дацкая мова">дацк.</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%86%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Ісландская мова">ісл.</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B6%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Нарвежская мова">нарв.</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Асяцінская мова">асяц.</a> æ; <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Нямецкая мова">ням.</a> ß.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Па частках, якія не зліліся (часам могуць змяняць сваю форму), звычайна можна бачыць, якія літары ўваходзяць у склад лігатуры. У некаторых <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Сістэма пісьма">сістэмах пісьма</a> лігатуры многіх літарных спалучэнняў увайшлі ва ўсеагульны ўжытак, з’яўляючыся як бы складанымі літарнымі знакамі для адлюстравання пэўных гукавых комплексаў. </p><p>Лігатуры шырока выкарыстоўваліся ў <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8F%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%87%D1%87%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Сярэднявечча">Сярэднявеччы</a> як спосаб паскарэння пісьма і эканоміі месца. Лігатуры з’явіліся ў <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ручны набор (няма такой старонкі)">ручным наборы</a> адразу ж з яго вынаходствам, калі нямецкі першадрукар <a href="/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%93%D1%83%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Іаган Гутэнберг">Іаган Гутэнберг</a> для дасягнення роўнасці радка і падабенства яго з рукапісным, выкарыстаў у сваёй 42-маленькай Бібліі лігатуры і розныя <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Варыяцыя (няма такой старонкі)">варыяцыі</a> адных і тых жа знакаў (напрыклад, тры варыянты літары «а»: вузкая, звычайная і шырокая). Пазней лігатуры выкарыстоўваліся пры кнігадрукаванні, напрыклад для лацінскіх знакаў f і i з <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Апраш (няма такой старонкі)">апрашамі</a> такімі ж, як і паміж іншымі літарамі, выкарыстоўваўся знак ﬁ, з-за таго, што выкарыстанне звычайных літар было немагчыма (з-за сутыкнення кропак і накладанне літар адна на адну). Гэты метад выкарыстоўваўся даволі доўга ў ручным наборы, але практычна знік пры з’яўленні <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Лінатып (няма такой старонкі)">лінатыпа</a> і <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BF,_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%96%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Манатып, паліграфія (няма такой старонкі)">манатыпа</a>, таму што ў іх матрыцах не хапала месцаў для лігатур. Па тых жа прычынах лігатуры адсутнічалі ў першых лічбавых шрыфтах, з-за абмежавання колькасці <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%84" title="Гліф">гліфаў</a> 256-ю, і калі падстаўляліся ў набор, то або ўручную, або апаратна ў <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Настольная выдавецкая праграма (няма такой старонкі)">праграме вёрсткі</a>. Актыўна сталі выкарыстоўвацца са з’яўленнем шрыфтоў фармату <a href="/w/index.php?title=OpenType&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OpenType (няма такой старонкі)">OpenType</a>, дзе колькасць магчымых гліфаў пашырылася да 64 тысяч, а рознага роду замены могуць прапісвацца на якой-небудзь мове праграмавання. </p><p>У той жа час лігатуры нярэдка ўжываліся для ўпрыгожвання і <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Арнамент">арнаменталізацыі</a> тэкстаў, напрыклад, у <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8C" title="Вязь">вязі</a>. </p><p>У наш час многія лігатуры можна сустрэць толькі ў гістарычных крыніцах (напрыклад, у аўтэнтычным перавыданні «<a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%86%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%9E" title="Слова пра паход Ігараў">Слова пра паход Ігараў</a>») ці ў тых мовах, дзе яны фактычна набылі статус самастойных <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Літара">літар</a> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Французская мова">французскай</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B6%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Нарвежская мова">нарвежскай</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Нідэрландская мова">нідэрландскай</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Армянская мова">армянскай</a> і многіх іншых). </p><p>У арабскім пісьме выкарыстоўваюць лігатуру <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D1%8F%D0%BC-%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Лям-аліф (няма такой старонкі)">Лям-аліф</a>. Да тыпаў пісьма са шматлікімі лігатурамі адносяцца <a href="/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Індыя">індыйскае</a> пісьмо <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8D%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Дэванагары">дэванагары</a> і вуглаватая (<a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Харватыя">харвацкая</a>) <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Глаголіца">глаголіца</a>. </p><p>У кітайскай мове ў якасці лігатур выкарыстоўваюцца словазлучэнні, аб’яднаныя ў адзін <a href="/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%84" title="Іерогліф">іерогліф</a>. </p><p>Некаторыя лігатуры фактычна ператварыліся ў <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Лагаграфічнае пісьмо (няма такой старонкі)">лагаграмы</a>, напрыклад, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Амперсанд (няма такой старонкі)">амперсанд</a> (&, з <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Лацінская мова">лац.</a>: <span style="font-style: italic;" lang="la">et</span>), які выкарыстоўваецца ў многіх еўрапейскіх мовах у значэнні саюза «і» ў незалежнасці ад рэальнага вымаўлення слова. </p><p>Радзей лігатурамі называюць <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D1%8B%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Дыграф (няма такой старонкі)">дыграфы</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84,_%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%96%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Трыграф, арфаграфія (няма такой старонкі)">трыграфы</a> і <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%8D%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Тэтраграф (няма такой старонкі)">тэтраграфы</a>, гэта значыць абазначэнне адной <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Фанема">фанемы</a> дзвюма, трыма ці чатырма графемамі, напрыклад, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Польская мова">польск.</a>: <span style="font-style: italic;" lang="pl">sz, cz</span>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Нямецкая мова">ням.</a>: <span style="font-style: italic;" lang="de">tsch</span>. </p><p>Калі лігатура выкарыстоўваецца доўгі час, яе эвалюцыя працягваецца. У прыватнасці, магчымы пераход лігатуры ў спецыяльны сімвал. Да такіх знакаў адносіцца сімвал «<a href="/wiki/@" title="@">@</a>», меркавана ўтвораны з англійскай прыназоўніка «at». </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Прыклады_лігатур"><span id=".D0.9F.D1.80.D1.8B.D0.BA.D0.BB.D0.B0.D0.B4.D1.8B_.D0.BB.D1.96.D0.B3.D0.B0.D1.82.D1.83.D1.80"></span>Прыклады лігатур</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D1%96%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0_(%D0%B7%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%87%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80)&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Правіць раздзел: Прыклады лігатур" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>правіць</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D1%96%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0_(%D0%B7%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%87%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80)&action=edit&section=1" title="Правіць зыходнік раздзела: Прыклады лігатур"><span>правіць зыходнік</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <center> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 489px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Old_cyrillic_yus_big_iotified.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Лігатура стараславянскага ётаванага «вялікага юса» (кірыліца)."><img alt="Лігатура стараславянскага ётаванага «вялікага юса» (кірыліца)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Old_cyrillic_yus_big_iotified.png/120px-Old_cyrillic_yus_big_iotified.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Old_cyrillic_yus_big_iotified.png/180px-Old_cyrillic_yus_big_iotified.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Old_cyrillic_yus_big_iotified.png/240px-Old_cyrillic_yus_big_iotified.png 2x" data-file-width="530" data-file-height="364" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Лігатура стараславянскага ётаванага «вялікага <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AE%D1%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Юс (няма такой старонкі)">юса</a>» (кірыліца).</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Chinese_Character_zhao1_cai2_jin4_bao3.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Кітайская лігатура, надпіс «招財進寶»"><img alt="Кітайская лігатура, надпіс «招財進寶»" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Chinese_Character_zhao1_cai2_jin4_bao3.png/120px-Chinese_Character_zhao1_cai2_jin4_bao3.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Chinese_Character_zhao1_cai2_jin4_bao3.png/180px-Chinese_Character_zhao1_cai2_jin4_bao3.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Chinese_Character_zhao1_cai2_jin4_bao3.png/240px-Chinese_Character_zhao1_cai2_jin4_bao3.png 2x" data-file-width="420" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Кітайская лігатура, надпіс «招財進寶»</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Armenian_ligature.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Армянская лігатура «ﬖ»"><img alt="Армянская лігатура «ﬖ»" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Armenian_ligature.png/114px-Armenian_ligature.png" decoding="async" width="114" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Armenian_ligature.png/170px-Armenian_ligature.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Armenian_ligature.png/227px-Armenian_ligature.png 2x" data-file-width="610" data-file-height="644" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%82" title="Армянскі алфавіт">Армянская</a> лігатура «ﬖ»</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:JanaSanskritSans_ddhrya.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Дэванагары — лігатура «ddhrya»"><img alt="Дэванагары — лігатура «ddhrya»" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/JanaSanskritSans_ddhrya.svg/120px-JanaSanskritSans_ddhrya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/JanaSanskritSans_ddhrya.svg/180px-JanaSanskritSans_ddhrya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/JanaSanskritSans_ddhrya.svg/240px-JanaSanskritSans_ddhrya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="294" data-file-height="212" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8D%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Дэванагары">Дэванагары</a> — лігатура «<i>ddhrya</i>»</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Taw_alaph.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Сірыйскае пісьмо — лігатура «таў-алаф»"><img alt="Сірыйскае пісьмо — лігатура «таў-алаф»" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Taw_alaph.svg/120px-Taw_alaph.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Taw_alaph.svg/180px-Taw_alaph.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Taw_alaph.svg/240px-Taw_alaph.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="540" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D1%96%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Сірыйскае пісьмо (няма такой старонкі)">Сірыйскае пісьмо</a> — лігатура «таў-алаф»</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:23a-Lam-Alif.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Арабская лігатура «лям-аліф»"><img alt="Арабская лігатура «лям-аліф»" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/23a-Lam-Alif.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="119" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="116" data-file-height="115" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Арабская лігатура «<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D1%8F%D0%BC-%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Лям-аліф (няма такой старонкі)">лям-аліф</a>»</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Greek_ligature_mu-omega.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Сярэдневяковая грэчаская лігатура «Мю-амега»."><img alt="Сярэдневяковая грэчаская лігатура «Мю-амега»." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Greek_ligature_mu-omega.svg/120px-Greek_ligature_mu-omega.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="69" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Greek_ligature_mu-omega.svg/180px-Greek_ligature_mu-omega.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Greek_ligature_mu-omega.svg/240px-Greek_ligature_mu-omega.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="175" data-file-height="100" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Сярэдневяковая грэчаская лігатура «Мю-амега».</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span 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хуткапісу[2]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Old_sign_of_Russian_ruble.svg/120px-Old_sign_of_Russian_ruble.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Old_sign_of_Russian_ruble.svg/180px-Old_sign_of_Russian_ruble.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Old_sign_of_Russian_ruble.svg/240px-Old_sign_of_Russian_ruble.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="460" data-file-height="249" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Сімвал рубля (няма такой старонкі)">Сімвал рубля</a> — лігатура, якая складаецца з літар «<a href="/wiki/%D0%A0_(%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%86%D0%B0)" title="Р (кірыліца)">рцы</a>» і «<a href="/wiki/%D0%A3_(%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%86%D0%B0)" title="У (кірыліца)">ук</a>» рускага <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%81,_%D1%88%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%84%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Хуткапіс, шрыфт (няма такой старонкі)">хуткапісу</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> </ul> </center> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Крыніцы"><span id=".D0.9A.D1.80.D1.8B.D0.BD.D1.96.D1.86.D1.8B"></span>Крыніцы</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D1%96%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0_(%D0%B7%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%87%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80)&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Правіць раздзел: Крыніцы" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>правіць</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D1%96%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0_(%D0%B7%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%87%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80)&action=edit&section=2" title="Правіць зыходнік раздзела: Крыніцы"><span>правіць зыходнік</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><span style="" lang="und"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://slovari.yandex.ru/~книги/Издательский%20словарь/Лигатура/">Лигатура — Издательский словарь — Яндекс.Словари</a></span><span class="hidden-ref" style="display:none"><b> <span class="ref-info" style="cursor:help;" title="нявызначанай мовай">(нявызн.)</span></b></span><span class="ref-info">(недаступная спасылка)</span>. <small><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140814124817/http://slovari.yandex.ru/~%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9%20%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0/">Архівавана</a> з першакрыніцы 14 жніўня 2014.</small> <small>Праверана 20 лютага 2022.</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Синчук И.</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rursign.com/sites/default/files/Sinchuk_Znak_rublya.pdf">Многоликий знак рубля</a> // Журнал «Нумизматика», ноябрь 2006 (№ 12)<br /><i>Воробьёва Е.</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rian.ru/analytics/20060602/48952932.html">Забытый знак российского рубля</a> // РИА «Новости», 02.06.2006.</span> </li> </ol></div> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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