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Available in 20 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-20" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">20 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yucin_Odum" title="Yucin Odum – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Yucin Odum" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%85" title="یوجین اودم – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="یوجین اودم" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%9E%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Юджын Одум – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Юджын Одум" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_Odum" title="Eugene Odum – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Eugene Odum" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_P._Odum" title="Eugene P. Odum – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Eugene P. Odum" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_P._Odum" title="Eugene P. Odum – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Eugene P. Odum" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_Odum" title="Eugene Odum – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Eugene Odum" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%85" title="یوجین اودم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="یوجین اودم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_Odum" title="Eugene Odum – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Eugene Odum" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A5%B0_%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%AE" title="यूजीन पी॰ ओडम – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="यूजीन पी॰ ओडम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%85" title="اوجينى اودوم – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اوجينى اودوم" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_Odum" title="Eugene Odum – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Eugene Odum" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_Odum" title="Eugene Odum – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Eugene Odum" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_Odum" title="Eugene Odum – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Eugene Odum" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_Odum" title="Eugene Odum – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Eugene Odum" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BC,_%D0%AE%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Одум, Юджин – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Одум, Юджин" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_Odum" title="Eugene Odum – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Eugene Odum" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%93%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="யூகின் ஓடம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="யூகின் ஓடம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%9E%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Юджин Одум – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Юджин Одум" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%A4%E9%87%91%C2%B7P%C2%B7%E5%A5%A5%E5%BE%B7%E5%A7%86" title="尤金·P·奥德姆 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="尤金·P·奥德姆" data-language-autonym="中文" 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class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American biologist and systems ecologist (1913–2002)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Eugene Pleasants Odum</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Eugene_Odum_by_James_Stawser.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/67/Eugene_Odum_by_James_Stawser.jpg/220px-Eugene_Odum_by_James_Stawser.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/67/Eugene_Odum_by_James_Stawser.jpg/330px-Eugene_Odum_by_James_Stawser.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/67/Eugene_Odum_by_James_Stawser.jpg 2x" data-file-width="335" data-file-height="297" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1913-09-17</span>)</span>September 17, 1913<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Newport,_New_Hampshire" title="Newport, New Hampshire">Newport</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a>, US</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">August 10, 2002<span style="display:none">(2002-08-10)</span> (aged 88)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Athens,_Georgia" title="Athens, Georgia">Athens, Georgia</a>, US</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Illinois_at_Urbana-Champaign" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign">University of Illinois</a> (Ph.D.)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">pioneering the concept of the ecosystem; the interdependence of divergent ecosystems as the basis of how the earth functions</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tyler_Prize_for_Environmental_Achievement" title="Tyler Prize for Environmental Achievement">Tyler Prize for Environmental Achievement</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1977)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Crafoord_Prize" title="Crafoord Prize">Crafoord Prize</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1987)</span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fields</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Ecology" title="Ecology">ecologist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mathematician" title="Mathematician">mathematician</a>, <a href="/wiki/Natural_philosophy" title="Natural philosophy">natural philosopher</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Systems_Ecology" class="mw-redirect" title="Systems Ecology">systems ecologist</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Georgia" title="University of Georgia">University of Georgia</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Eugene Pleasants Odum</b> (September 17, 1913 – August 10, 2002) was an American <a href="/wiki/Biologist" title="Biologist">biologist</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Georgia" title="University of Georgia">University of Georgia</a> known for his pioneering work on <a href="/wiki/Ecosystem_ecology" title="Ecosystem ecology">ecosystem ecology</a>. He and his brother <a href="/wiki/Howard_T._Odum" title="Howard T. Odum">Howard T. Odum</a> wrote the popular ecology <a href="/wiki/Textbook" title="Textbook">textbook</a>, <i>Fundamentals of Ecology</i> (1953). The <a href="/wiki/Odum_School_of_Ecology" title="Odum School of Ecology">Odum School of Ecology</a> is named in his honor. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eugene_Odum&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Son of the <a href="/wiki/Sociologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Sociologist">sociologist</a> <a href="/wiki/Howard_W._Odum" title="Howard W. Odum">Howard W. Odum</a>, and older brother of the ecologist <a href="/wiki/Howard_T._Odum" title="Howard T. Odum">Howard T. Odum</a>, E.P. Odum credited his father for imparting a <a href="/wiki/Holism" title="Holism">holistic</a> approach to exploring subjects. When contemplating where to conduct his advanced graduate work, he rejected both the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan" title="University of Michigan">University of Michigan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">Cornell University</a>, as he did not feel that this holism was embodied in their approach to their <a href="/wiki/Biology" title="Biology">biology</a> departments.<sup id="cite_ref-smith_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smith-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Instead, he chose the Graduate Department of <a href="/wiki/Zoology" title="Zoology">Zoology</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Illinois_at_Urbana-Champaign" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign">University of Illinois</a>, where he earned his <a href="/wiki/Doctorate" title="Doctorate">doctorate</a> degree. There Odum was a student of <a href="/wiki/Victor_Ernest_Shelford" title="Victor Ernest Shelford">Victor Shelford</a>, whose efforts led to the establishment of <a href="/wiki/The_Nature_Conservancy" title="The Nature Conservancy">The Nature Conservancy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-smith_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smith-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After getting his Ph.D. in 1939, Odum was hired to be the first resident biologist at the <a href="/wiki/Huyck_Preserve" title="Huyck Preserve">Edmund Niles Huyck Preserve and Biological Research Station</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Rensselaerville,_New_York" title="Rensselaerville, New York">Rensselaerville, New York</a>. The 430-acre preserve had been founded in 1931 and its research station established in 1938. The Preserve’s first summer research fellows, also selected in 1939, were Edward C. Raney<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Donald_Griffin" title="Donald Griffin">Donald Griffin</a>. Raney, who had just finished his Ph.D. at Cornell, studied green frogs and bullfrogs; he went on to become a leading <a href="/wiki/Ichthyologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Ichthyologist">ichthyologist</a> (zoologist who studies fish). Griffin, who was completing his Ph.D. at Harvard, did research on bat <a href="/wiki/Animal_echolocation" title="Animal echolocation">echolocation</a> (he later became famous for that work).<sup id="cite_ref-Craige_book_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Craige_book-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Marriage_and_family">Marriage and family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eugene_Odum&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Marriage and family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Odum and Martha Ann Huff, whom he had met as a student, married at her home in <a href="/wiki/Wilmette,_Illinois" title="Wilmette, Illinois">Wilmette, Illinois</a>, on November 18, 1939. She continued her work as an artist. Odum was very proud of Martha's accomplishments as an artist. She often painted landscapes when traveling with her husband across the US and overseas. Martha Ann Odum joined her husband in Rensselaerville, where he continued to work at the Huyck Preserve. His research included studying <a href="/wiki/Chickadees" class="mw-redirect" title="Chickadees">chickadees</a> and—more important for his future as an ecologist—inventorying the plants and preparing a habitat map. His purpose was to establish a basis for succession studies of the land so man could plan and manage ecosystems. He and Martha had two sons, William Eugene and Daniel Thomas Odum. Their son William died in 1991 at the age of 48, but had already made important contributions to science while a faculty member at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Virginia" title="University of Virginia">University of Virginia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Craige_book_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Craige_book-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1995 a paper attributed to William E. Odum, together with his father and uncle, suggested the paradigm of pulsed ecosystems.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Academic_career_at_University_of_Georgia">Academic career at University of Georgia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eugene_Odum&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Academic career at University of Georgia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In September 1940, Odum took a job as an instructor of biology at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Georgia" title="University of Georgia">University of Georgia</a> (Athens, Georgia).<sup id="cite_ref-Marine_120707_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marine_120707-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the late 1940s, while serving on the University's biology faculty committee, which was then drawing up a new <a href="/wiki/Curriculum" title="Curriculum">curriculum</a>, he concluded there was an urgent need to incorporate the subject of ecology, since he learned that his colleagues generally did not know what ecology (in its own right) might be. He founded the Institute of Ecology, later named for him. </p><p>In 2007 the Institute of Ecology, which Odum founded at the University of Georgia, was named as the <a href="/wiki/Odum_School_of_Ecology" title="Odum School of Ecology">Odum School of Ecology</a>, the first stand-alone academic unit of a research university dedicated to ecology.<sup id="cite_ref-Marine_120707_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marine_120707-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Odum also founded two field research stations as a faculty member at the University of Georgia: the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Georgia_Marine_Institute" title="University of Georgia Marine Institute">University of Georgia Marine Institute</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Savannah_River_Ecology_Laboratory" class="mw-redirect" title="Savannah River Ecology Laboratory">Savannah River Ecology Lab</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Work">Work</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eugene_Odum&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Work"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ecosystems">Ecosystems</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eugene_Odum&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Ecosystems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 1940s and 1950s, "<a href="/wiki/Ecology" title="Ecology">ecology</a>" was not yet a field of study that had been defined as a separate discipline. Even professional biologists seemed to Odum to be generally under-educated about how the Earth's ecological systems interact with one another. Odum brought forward the importance of ecology as a discipline that should be a fundamental dimension of the training of a biologist. </p><p>Odum adopted and developed further the term "<a href="/wiki/Ecosystem" title="Ecosystem">ecosystem</a>". Although sometimes said to have been coined by <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Lindeman" title="Raymond Lindeman">Raymond Lindeman</a> in 1942, the term "ecosystem" first appeared in a 1935 publication by the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">British</a> <a href="/wiki/Ecologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecologist">ecologist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Tansley" title="Arthur Tansley">Arthur Tansley</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Tansley1935_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tansley1935-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and had in 1930 been coined by Tansley's colleague, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Roy_Clapham" title="Arthur Roy Clapham">Arthur Roy Clapham</a>. Before Odum, the ecology of specific <a href="/wiki/Organism" title="Organism">organisms</a> and environments had been studied on a more limited scale within individual sub-disciplines of biology. Many <a href="/wiki/Scientist" title="Scientist">scientists</a> doubted that it could be studied on a large scale, or as a discipline in itself. </p><p>Odum wrote a textbook on ecology with his brother, <a href="/wiki/Howard_T._Odum" title="Howard T. Odum">Howard Thomas Odum</a>, a graduate student at <a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale</a>. The Odum brothers' book (first edition, 1953), <i>Fundamentals of Ecology</i>, was the only textbook in the field for about ten years. Among other things, the Odums explored how one natural system can interact with another. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Environmentalism">Environmentalism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eugene_Odum&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Environmentalism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While Odum did wish to influence the knowledge base and thinking of fellow biologists and of college and university students, his historical role was not as a promoter of public <a href="/wiki/Environmentalism" title="Environmentalism">environmentalism</a> as we now know it. However, his dedication in his 1963 book, <i>Ecology</i>, expressed that his father had inspired him to "seek more harmonious relationships between man and nature". </p><p>By 1970, when the first <a href="/wiki/Earth_Day" title="Earth Day">Earth Day</a> was organized, Odum's conception of the living <a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a> as a global set of interlaced ecosystems became one of the key insights of the <a href="/wiki/Environmental_movement" title="Environmental movement">environmental movement</a> that has since spread through the world. He was, however, an independent thinker who was at times, gently critical of the slogans and fashionable concepts of the environmentalist movement. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legacy">Legacy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eugene_Odum&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Odum's will stipulated that, after his death, his 26 acres (110,000 m<sup>2</sup>) on the Middle <a href="/wiki/Oconee_River" title="Oconee River">Oconee River</a> in Athens, Ga. would be sold and developed according to plans he laid out before his death. He would often show friends and colleagues hand sketched plans for his vision of this green community. Plans included that over 50 percent of the property would be protected greenspace and walking trails, managed by the Oconee River Land Trust. Profits from the sale of the land would go to the Eugene and William Odum Ecology Fund, after $1 million is set aside for a professorial chair at UGA in Odum's name. The land was sold to builder John Willis Homes who is honoring Odum’s wishes at Beech Creek Preserve.<sup id="cite_ref-beechcreek_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-beechcreek-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Odum's financial contributions were focused on not only the University of Georgia, but also the University of Virginia given his son's faculty appointment there, and the University of North Carolina where his father was a prolific scholar. Ultimately, his wealth—partly the product of book royalties—benefited those institutions that he respected. The <a href="/wiki/Ecological_Society_of_America" title="Ecological Society of America">Ecological Society of America</a> offers the Eugene P. Odum Award for Excellence in Ecology Education, which was endowed by, and named for, Odum.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publications">Publications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eugene_Odum&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Books</dt></dl> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFOdum1939" class="citation book cs1"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Odum, Eugene P.</a> (1939). <i>Variations in the heart rate of birds: a study in physiological ecology</i>. Champaign-Urbana: University of Illinois (diss.). <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/703669172">703669172</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Variations+in+the+heart+rate+of+birds%3A+a+study+in+physiological+ecology&rft.place=Champaign-Urbana&rft.pub=University+of+Illinois+%28diss.%29&rft.date=1939&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F703669172&rft.aulast=Odum&rft.aufirst=Eugene+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEugene+Odum" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <dl><dd>see also: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOdum1941" class="citation journal cs1"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Odum, Eugene P.</a> (1941). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1943206">"Variations in the heart rate of birds: a study in physiological ecology"</a></span>. <i>Ecological Monographs</i>. <b>11</b> (3): 299–326. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1943206">10.2307/1943206</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1943206">1943206</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Monographs&rft.atitle=Variations+in+the+heart+rate+of+birds%3A+a+study+in+physiological+ecology&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=299-326&rft.date=1941&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1943206&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1943206%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Odum&rft.aufirst=Eugene+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1943206&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEugene+Odum" class="Z3988"></span></dd></dl> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOdum1953" class="citation book cs1">—— (1953). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/001492711"><i>Fundamentals of Ecology</i></a>. Philadelphia / London: W.B. Saunders Cy.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fundamentals+of+Ecology&rft.place=Philadelphia+%2F+London&rft.pub=W.B.+Saunders+Cy.&rft.date=1953&rft.aulast=Odum&rft.aufirst=Eugene&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcatalog.hathitrust.org%2FRecord%2F001492711&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEugene+Odum" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>1963. <i>Ecology</i></li> <li>1975. <i>Ecology, the link between the natural and the social sciences</i></li> <li>1983. <i>Basic Ecology</i></li> <li>1993. <i>Ecology and Our Endangered Life Support Systems</i></li> <li>1998. <i>Ecological Vignettes: Ecological Approaches to Dealing with Human Predicament</i></li> <li>2000. <i>Essence of Place</i> (co-authored with Martha Odum)</li></ul> <dl><dt>Articles, a selection</dt></dl> <ul><li>1969. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://habitat.aq.upm.es/boletin/n26/aeodu.en.html">The Strategy of Ecosystem Development</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pnas.org/cgi/reprint/45/4/617.pdf">Comparison of population energy flow of a herbivorous and a deposit-feeding invertebrate in a salt marsh ecosystem</a> (with Alfred E. Smalley)</li></ul> <dl><dt>About Odum</dt></dl> <ul><li>Rotabi, K. S. (2008). Ecological theory origin from natural to social science or vice versa? : A brief conceptual history for social work. Advances in Social Work, 8 (1), 113-123. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141202004327/http://journals.iupui.edu/index.php/advancesinsocialwork/article/viewArticle/135">Online</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCraige2001" class="citation book cs1">Craige, Betty Jean (2001). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780820324739"><i>Eugene Odum : ecosystem ecologist and environmentalist</i></a></span>. Athens, Ga. [u.a.]: Univ. of Georgia Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8203-2281-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-8203-2281-4"><bdi>0-8203-2281-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eugene+Odum+%3A+ecosystem+ecologist+and+environmentalist&rft.place=Athens%2C+Ga.+%5Bu.a.%5D&rft.pub=Univ.+of+Georgia+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-8203-2281-4&rft.aulast=Craige&rft.aufirst=Betty+Jean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780820324739&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEugene+Odum" class="Z3988"></span><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eugene_Odum&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-smith-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-smith_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-smith_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Smith, S. & Mark, S. (2009). "The Historical Roots of the Nature Conservancy in the Northwest Indiana/Chicagoland Region: From Science to Preservation". <i>The South Shore Journal</i>, 3. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160101021140/http://www.southshorejournal.org/index.php/issues/volume-3-2009/83-journals/vol-3-2009/75-the-historical-roots-of-the-nature-conservancy-in-the-northwest-indianachicagoland-region-from-science-to-preservation">"South Shore Journal - the Historical Roots of the Nature Conservancy in the Northwest Indiana/Chicagoland Region: From Science to Preservation"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.southshorejournal.org/index.php/issues/volume-3-2009/83-journals/vol-3-2009/75-the-historical-roots-of-the-nature-conservancy-in-the-northwest-indianachicagoland-region-from-science-to-preservation">the original</a> on 2016-01-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-11-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=South+Shore+Journal+-+the+Historical+Roots+of+the+Nature+Conservancy+in+the+Northwest+Indiana%2FChicagoland+Region%3A+From+Science+to+Preservation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.southshorejournal.org%2Findex.php%2Fissues%2Fvolume-3-2009%2F83-journals%2Fvol-3-2009%2F75-the-historical-roots-of-the-nature-conservancy-in-the-northwest-indianachicagoland-region-from-science-to-preservation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEugene+Odum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobbinsColletteRobins1992" class="citation journal cs1">Robbins, Timothy; Collette, Bruce; Robins, Richard (December 18, 1992). "Edward C. Raney, 1909-84". <i>Copeia</i>. <b>1992</b> (4): 1143–1150. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1446660">1446660</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Copeia&rft.atitle=Edward+C.+Raney%2C+1909-84&rft.volume=1992&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=1143-1150&rft.date=1992-12-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1446660%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Robbins&rft.aufirst=Timothy&rft.au=Collette%2C+Bruce&rft.au=Robins%2C+Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEugene+Odum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Craige_book-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Craige_book_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Craige_book_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCraige2001" class="citation book cs1">Craige, Betty Jean (2001). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780820324739"><i>Eugene Odum : Ecosystem Ecologist and Environmentalist</i></a></span>. Athens, Ga. [u.a.]: Univ. of Georgia Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8203-2281-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-8203-2281-4"><bdi>0-8203-2281-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eugene+Odum+%3A+Ecosystem+Ecologist+and+Environmentalist&rft.place=Athens%2C+Ga.+%5Bu.a.%5D&rft.pub=Univ.+of+Georgia+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-8203-2281-4&rft.aulast=Craige&rft.aufirst=Betty+Jean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780820324739&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEugene+Odum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOdum,_W.E.Odum,_E.P.Odum,_H.T.1995" class="citation journal cs1">Odum, W.E.; Odum, E.P.; Odum, H.T. (1995). "Nature's pulsing paradigm". <i><a href="/wiki/Estuaries_and_Coasts" title="Estuaries and Coasts">Estuaries</a></i>. <b>18</b>: 547–555. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1352375">10.2307/1352375</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Estuaries&rft.atitle=Nature%E2%80%99s+pulsing+paradigm&rft.volume=18&rft.pages=547-555&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1352375&rft.au=Odum%2C+W.E.&rft.au=Odum%2C+E.P.&rft.au=Odum%2C+H.T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEugene+Odum" class="Z3988"></span> (See <a href="/wiki/Flood_pulse_concept" title="Flood pulse concept">flood pulse concept</a>.)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Marine_120707-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Marine_120707_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Marine_120707_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarine2007" class="citation web cs1">Marine, Tom (December 7, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080109015233/http://media.www.redandblack.com/media/storage/paper871/news/2007/12/07/News/Ecology.School.small.With.Big.Ideas-3138016.shtml">"Ecology school 'small with big ideas'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Red_and_Black" class="mw-redirect" title="The Red and Black">The Red and Black</a></i>. The Red and Black Publishing Company. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://media.www.redandblack.com/media/storage/paper871/news/2007/12/07/News/Ecology.School.small.With.Big.Ideas-3138016.shtml">the original</a> on January 9, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-03-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Red+and+Black&rft.atitle=Ecology+school+%27small+with+big+ideas%27&rft.date=2007-12-07&rft.aulast=Marine&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmedia.www.redandblack.com%2Fmedia%2Fstorage%2Fpaper871%2Fnews%2F2007%2F12%2F07%2FNews%2FEcology.School.small.With.Big.Ideas-3138016.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEugene+Odum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tansley1935-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Tansley1935_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTansley1935" class="citation journal cs1">Tansley, AG (1935). "The use and abuse of vegetational concepts and terms". <i>Ecology</i>. <b>16</b> (3): 284–307. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1930070">10.2307/1930070</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1930070">1930070</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecology&rft.atitle=The+use+and+abuse+of+vegetational+concepts+and+terms&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=284-307&rft.date=1935&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1930070&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1930070%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Tansley&rft.aufirst=AG&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEugene+Odum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-beechcreek-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-beechcreek_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.beechcreekpreserve.com">"Beech Creek Preserve Official site"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-03-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Beech+Creek+Preserve+Official+site&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.beechcreekpreserve.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEugene+Odum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ecological Society of America <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.esa.org/about/awards/list/eugene-p-odum-award-for-excellence-in-ecology-education/">"Eugene P. Odum Award for Excellence in Ecology Education"</a> Accessed July 21, 2019.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoyce,_Kate_M.2003" class="citation journal cs1">Joyce, Kate M. (1 December 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1641%2F0006-3568%282003%29053%5B1229%3AAOTO%5D2.0.CO%3B2">"Review of <i>Eugene Odum</i> by Betty Jean Craige"</a>. <i>BioScience</i>. <b>53</b> (12): 1229–1230. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1641%2F0006-3568%282003%29053%5B1229%3AAOTO%5D2.0.CO%3B2">10.1641/0006-3568(2003)053[1229:AOTO]2.0.CO;2</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BioScience&rft.atitle=Review+of+Eugene+Odum+by+Betty+Jean+Craige&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=1229-1230&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1641%2F0006-3568%282003%29053%5B1229%3AAOTO%5D2.0.CO%3B2&rft.au=Joyce%2C+Kate+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1641%252F0006-3568%25282003%2529053%255B1229%253AAOTO%255D2.0.CO%253B2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEugene+Odum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eugene_Odum&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 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