Help:Citation Style 2

<!doctype html> <html class="client-nojs skin-theme-clientpref-day mf-expand-sections-clientpref-0 mf-font-size-clientpref-small mw-mf-amc-clientpref-0" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <base href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_2"> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Help:Citation Style 2 - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js skin-theme-clientpref-day mf-expand-sections-clientpref-0 mf-font-size-clientpref-small mw-mf-amc-clientpref-0";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"62a01883-4660-4801-953f-fb5d7a7133c6","wgCanonicalNamespace":"Help","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":12,"wgPageName":"Help:Citation_Style_2","wgTitle":"Citation Style 2","wgCurRevisionId":1243453219,"wgRevisionId":1243453219, "wgArticleId":33126952,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Help:Citation_Style_2","wgRelevantArticleId":33126952,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFMode":"stable","wgMFAmc":false,"wgMFAmcOutreachActive":false,"wgMFAmcOutreachUserEligible":false,"wgMFLazyLoadImages":true,"wgMFEditNoticesFeatureConflict":false,"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgMFIsSupportedEditRequest":true, "wgMFScriptPath":"","wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":6000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgDiscussionToolsFeaturesEnabled":{"replytool":true,"newtopictool":true,"sourcemodetoolbar":true,"topicsubscription":false,"autotopicsub":false,"visualenhancements":false,"visualenhancements_reply":false,"visualenhancements_pageframe":false},"wgDiscussionToolsFallbackEditMode":"source","wgSectionTranslationTargetLanguages":["ace","ady","alt","am","ami","an","ang","ann","anp","ar","ary","arz","as","ast","av","avk","awa","ay","az","azb","ba","ban","bar","bbc","bcl","bdr","be","bew","bg","bho","bi","bjn","blk","bm","bn","bo","bpy","br","bs","btm","bug","ca","cdo","ce","ceb","ch","chr","ckb","co","cr","crh","cs","cu","cy","da","dag","de","dga","din","diq","dsb","dtp","dv","dz","ee","el","eml","eo","es","et","eu","fa","fat","ff","fi","fj","fo","fon","fr","frp","frr","fur","fy","gag","gan","gcr","gl","glk","gn","gom","gor","gpe","gu", "guc","gur","guw","gv","ha","hak","haw","he","hi","hif","hr","hsb","ht","hu","hy","hyw","ia","iba","ie","ig","igl","ilo","io","is","it","iu","ja","jam","jv","ka","kaa","kab","kbd","kbp","kcg","kg","kge","ki","kk","kl","km","kn","ko","koi","krc","ks","ku","kus","kv","kw","ky","lad","lb","lez","lg","li","lij","lld","lmo","ln","lo","lt","ltg","lv","mad","mai","map-bms","mdf","mg","mhr","mi","min","mk","ml","mn","mni","mnw","mos","mr","mrj","ms","mt","mwl","my","myv","mzn","nah","nan","nap","nb","nds","nds-nl","ne","new","nia","nl","nn","nqo","nr","nso","ny","oc","om","or","os","pa","pag","pam","pap","pcd","pcm","pdc","pl","pms","pnb","ps","pt","pwn","qu","rm","rn","ro","rsk","rue","rup","rw","sa","sah","sat","sc","scn","sco","sd","se","sg","sgs","sh","shi","shn","si","sk","skr","sl","sm","smn","sn","so","sq","sr","srn","ss","st","stq","su","sv","sw","szl","ta","tay","tcy","tdd","te","tet","tg","th","ti","tk","tl","tly","tn","to","tpi","tr","trv","ts","tt","tum","tw","ty","tyv","udm","ur", "uz","ve","vec","vep","vi","vls","vo","vro","wa","war","wo","wuu","xal","xh","xmf","yi","yo","yue","za","zgh","zh","zu"],"isLanguageSearcherCXEntrypointEnabled":false,"mintEntrypointLanguages":["ace","ast","azb","bcl","bjn","bh","crh","ff","fon","ig","is","ki","ks","lmo","min","sat","ss","tn","vec"],"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q8614556","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false,"wgMinervaPermissions":{"watchable":true,"watch":false},"wgMinervaFeatures":{"beta":false,"donate":true,"mobileOptionsLink":true,"categories":false,"pageIssues":true,"talkAtTop":true,"historyInPageActions":false,"overflowSubmenu":false,"tabsOnSpecials":true,"personalMenu":false,"mainMenuExpanded":false,"echo":true,"nightMode":true}, "wgMinervaDownloadNamespaces":[0]};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.pygments":"ready","ext.discussionTools.init.styles":"ready","oojs-ui-core.styles":"ready","oojs-ui.styles.indicators":"ready","mediawiki.widgets.styles":"ready","oojs-ui-core.icons":"ready","skins.minerva.styles":"ready","skins.minerva.content.styles.images":"ready","mediawiki.hlist":"ready","skins.minerva.codex.styles":"ready","skins.minerva.icons":"ready","skins.minerva.amc.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","mobile.init.styles":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","ext.pygments.view","site","mediawiki.page.ready","skins.minerva.scripts","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar", "ext.centralauth.centralautologin","ext.popups","mobile.init","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.discussionTools.init","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.entrypoints.languagesearcher.init","mw.externalguidance.init","ext.checkUser.clientHints","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.discussionTools.init.styles%7Cext.pygments%2CwikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cmediawiki.hlist%7Cmediawiki.widgets.styles%7Cmobile.init.styles%7Coojs-ui-core.icons%2Cstyles%7Coojs-ui.styles.indicators%7Cskins.minerva.amc.styles%7Cskins.minerva.codex.styles%7Cskins.minerva.content.styles.images%7Cskins.minerva.icons%2Cstyles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=minerva"> <script async src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=minerva"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=minerva"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#eaecf0"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, user-scalable=yes, minimum-scale=0.25, maximum-scale=5.0"> <meta property="og:title" content="Help:Citation Style 2 - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="manifest" href="/w/api.php?action=webapp-manifest"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Citation_Style_2&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_2"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> <meta http-equiv="X-Translated-By" content="Google"> <meta http-equiv="X-Translated-To" content="en"> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gstatic.com/_/translate_http/_/js/k=translate_http.tr.en_GB.omlEigW4xY8.O/am=DgY/d=1/rs=AN8SPfpjsL9kUWY0h-sp7Ilu7hZWGwEmeg/m=corsproxy" data-sourceurl="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_2"></script> <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Material+Symbols+Outlined:opsz,wght,FILL,GRAD@20..48,100..700,0..1,-50..200" rel="stylesheet"> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gstatic.com/_/translate_http/_/js/k=translate_http.tr.en_GB.omlEigW4xY8.O/am=DgY/d=1/exm=corsproxy/ed=1/rs=AN8SPfpjsL9kUWY0h-sp7Ilu7hZWGwEmeg/m=phishing_protection" data-phishing-protection-enabled="false" data-forms-warning-enabled="true" data-source-url="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_2"></script> <meta name="robots" content="none"> </head> <body class="ext-discussiontools-replytool-enabled ext-discussiontools-newtopictool-enabled ext-discussiontools-sourcemodetoolbar-enabled mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-12 ns-subject mw-editable page-Help_Citation_Style_2 rootpage-Help_Citation_Style_2 stable skin-minerva action-view skin--responsive mw-mf-amc-disabled mw-mf"> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gstatic.com/_/translate_http/_/js/k=translate_http.tr.en_GB.omlEigW4xY8.O/am=DgY/d=1/exm=corsproxy,phishing_protection/ed=1/rs=AN8SPfpjsL9kUWY0h-sp7Ilu7hZWGwEmeg/m=navigationui" data-environment="prod" data-proxy-url="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog" data-proxy-full-url="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-source-url="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_2" data-source-language="auto" data-target-language="en" data-display-language="en-GB" data-detected-source-language="en" data-is-source-untranslated="false" data-source-untranslated-url="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_2&anno=2" data-client="tr"></script> <div id="mw-mf-viewport"> <div id="mw-mf-page-center"><a class="mw-mf-page-center__mask" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#"></a> <header class="header-container header-chrome"> <div class="minerva-header"> <nav class="navigation-drawer toggle-list view-border-box"><input type="checkbox" id="main-menu-input" class="toggle-list__checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="mw-mf-main-menu-button"> <label role="button" for="main-menu-input" id="mw-mf-main-menu-button" aria-hidden="true" data-event-name="ui.mainmenu" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet toggle-list__toggle"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--menu"></span> <span></span> </label> <div id="mw-mf-page-left" class="menu view-border-box"> <ul id="p-navigation" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item "><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--home" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Main_Page?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--home"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Home</span> </a></li> <li class="toggle-list-item "><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--random" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Random?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--die"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Random</span> </a></li> <li class="toggle-list-item skin-minerva-list-item-jsonly"><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--nearby" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Nearby?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.nearby" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--mapPin"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Nearby</span> </a></li> </ul> <ul id="p-personal" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item "><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--login" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Help:Citation+Style+2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.login" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--logIn"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Log in</span> </a></li> </ul> <ul id="pt-preferences" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item skin-minerva-list-item-jsonly"><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--settings" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Special:MobileOptions&returnto=Help:Citation+Style+2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.settings" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--settings"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Settings</span> </a></li> </ul> <ul id="p-donation" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item "><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--donate" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source%3Ddonate%26utm_medium%3Dsidebar%26utm_campaign%3DC13_en.wikipedia.org%26uselang%3Den%26wmf_key%3Dminerva" data-event-name="menu.donate" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--heart"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Donate</span> </a></li> </ul> <ul class="hlist"> <li class="toggle-list-item "><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--about" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:About?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-mw="interface"> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">About Wikipedia</span> </a></li> <li class="toggle-list-item "><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--disclaimers" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-mw="interface"> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Disclaimers</span> </a></li> </ul> </div><label class="main-menu-mask" for="main-menu-input"></label> </nav> <div class="branding-box"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Main_Page?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <span><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <form action="/w/index.php" method="get" class="minerva-search-form"> <div class="search-box"><input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> <input class="search skin-minerva-search-trigger" id="searchInput" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"> <span class="search-box-icon-overlay"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--search"></span> </span> </div><button id="searchIcon" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet skin-minerva-search-trigger"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </form> <nav class="minerva-user-navigation" aria-label="User navigation"> </nav> </div> </header> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <div class="banner-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-namespace">Help</span><span class="mw-page-title-separator">:</span><span class="mw-page-title-main">Citation Style 2</span></h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <ul id="p-associated-pages" class="minerva__tab-container"> <li class="minerva__tab selected"><a class="minerva__tab-text" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" rel="" data-event-name="tabs.subject">Help page</a></li> <li class="minerva__tab "><a class="minerva__tab-text" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help_talk:Citation_Style_2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" rel="" data-event-name="tabs.talk">Talk</a></li> </ul> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Language" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--language"></span> <span>Language</span> </a></li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" id="ca-watch" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Help:Citation+Style+2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.watch" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet menu__item--page-actions-watch"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--star"></span> <span>Watch</span> </a></li> <li id="page-actions-edit" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" id="ca-edit" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Help:Citation_Style_2&action=edit&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.edit" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Edit</span> </a></li> </ul> </nav> <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"> <script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none"> Help page for citation templates </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238436933">.mw-parser-output .ombox{margin:4px 0;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);box-sizing:border-box;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{border:2px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ombox-delete{border:2px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ombox-content{border:1px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ombox-style{border:1px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ombox-move{border:1px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ombox-protection{border:2px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-invalid-type{text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ombox{margin:4px 10%}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{clear:right;float:right;margin:4px 0 4px 1em;width:238px}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.ombox img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}</style> <table class="plainlinks ombox ombox-notice" role="presentation"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Twemoji_1f527.svg/30px-Twemoji_1f527.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Twemoji_1f527.svg/45px-Twemoji_1f527.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Twemoji_1f527.svg/60px-Twemoji_1f527.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></span></span></td> <td class="mbox-text"> <div style="padding-top: 6px; padding-bottom: 5px;"> <b>This help page is a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Project_namespace?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Wikipedia_how-to_and_information_pages" title="Wikipedia:Project namespace">how-to guide</a>.</b><br> <div style="font-size: 90%;"> It explains concepts or processes used by the Wikipedia community. It is not one of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Policies_and_guidelines?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Policies and guidelines">Wikipedia's policies or guidelines</a>, and may reflect varying levels of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Consensus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Consensus">consensus</a>. </div> </div></td> <td class="mbox-imageright"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1252059228">.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain{float:right;margin:0 0 0 1em;border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);background-color:var(--background-color-base,#fff);padding:0.3em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;text-align:center;font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxleft{float:left;margin:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutlist{display:inline-block;border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);margin-bottom:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain ul{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutanchordiv{position:relative;top:-3em}.mw-parser-output li .module-shortcutanchordiv{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mbox-imageright .module-shortcutboxplain{padding:0.4em 1em 0.4em 1em;line-height:1.3;margin:0}</style> <div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"> <span id="WP:CS2"></span><span id="H:CS2"></span><span id="H:CITE2"></span> </div> <div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"> <div class="module-shortcutlist"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="plainlist"> <ul> <li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DWikipedia:CS2%26redirect%3Dno">WP:CS2</a></span></li> <li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DH:CS2%26redirect%3Dno">H:CS2</a></span></li> <li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DH:CITE2%26redirect%3Dno">H:CITE2</a></span></li> </ul> </div> </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p><b>Citation Style 2 (CS2)</b> is a style applied to citations on Wikipedia. It is used by default in the general purpose citation template <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:Citation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:Citation">Citation</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span>, and available as an option in many other templates. The commonly-used <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_templates?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Citation templates">citation templates</a> have two style modes.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These modes change how the citation is punctuated when it's rendered. CS2 primarily uses the comma as a separator, and it does not have a punctuation mark at the end of the citation. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Citation Style 1">Citation Style 1 (CS1)</a> uses the full stop as a separator and for terminal punctuation.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example:</p> <dl> <dt> CS2 </dt> <dd> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCarroll1866" class="citation cs2">Carroll, Lewis (1866), <a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Alice%2527s_Adventures_in_Wonderland_(1866)"><i>Alice's Adventures in Wonderland</i></a>, London: Macmillan</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Alice%27s+Adventures+in+Wonderland&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=1866&rft.aulast=Carroll&rft.aufirst=Lewis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikisource.org%2Fwiki%2FAlice%2527s_Adventures_in_Wonderland_%281866%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelp%3ACitation+Style+2" class="Z3988"></span> </dd> <dt> CS1 </dt> <dd> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarroll1866" class="citation cs1">Carroll, Lewis (1866). <a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Alice%2527s_Adventures_in_Wonderland_(1866)"><i>Alice's Adventures in Wonderland</i></a>. London: Macmillan.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Alice%27s+Adventures+in+Wonderland&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=1866&rft.aulast=Carroll&rft.aufirst=Lewis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikisource.org%2Fwiki%2FAlice%2527s_Adventures_in_Wonderland_%281866%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelp%3ACitation+Style+2" class="Z3988"></span> </dd> </dl> <p>When you use any template, please consider reviewing its documentation. You can find it at the template's page in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_namespace?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Template namespace">template namespace</a> by searching for <code>Template:</code> plus the name of the template; for example, to find the documentation for <code>{{Citation}}</code>, enter <code>Template:Citation</code> in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Searching_from_a_web_browser?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Searching from a web browser">Search box</a>.</p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Style"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Style</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Apply_CS2_to_a_single_citation"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Apply CS2 to a single citation</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Apply_CS2_to_all_citations_in_an_article"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Apply CS2 to all citations in an article</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Citation_template"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Citation template</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Notes"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Tools"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Tools</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Style" data-mw-thread-id="h-Style"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Style"></span>Style<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Style"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Help:Citation_Style_2&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Style" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span>  </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <dl> <dt> With author </dt> <dd> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElk1972" class="citation cs2">Elk, Anne (November 16, 1972), <i><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anne_Elk%27s_Theory_on_Brontosauruses?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anne Elk's Theory on Brontosauruses">Anne Elk's Theory on Brontosauruses</a></i>, Monty Python's Flying Circus</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anne+Elk%27s+Theory+on+Brontosauruses&rft.pub=Monty+Python%27s+Flying+Circus&rft.date=1972-11-16&rft.aulast=Elk&rft.aufirst=Anne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelp%3ACitation+Style+2" class="Z3988"></span> </dd> <dt> Without author </dt> <dd> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><i><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anne_Elk%27s_Theory_on_Brontosauruses?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anne Elk's Theory on Brontosauruses">Anne Elk's Theory on Brontosauruses</a></i>, Monty Python's Flying Circus, November 16, 1972</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anne+Elk%27s+Theory+on+Brontosauruses&rft.pub=Monty+Python%27s+Flying+Circus&rft.date=1972-11-16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelp%3ACitation+Style+2" class="Z3988"></span> </dd> </dl> <p>Citation Style 2 differs from <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Citation Style 1">Citation Style 1</a> in these specific style characteristics:</p> <ul> <li>uses a comma to separate individual elements of a rendered citation (CS1 is a fullstop)</li> <li>terminal punctuation is omitted from the rendered citation unless overridden by <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|postscript=</code> (CS1 is a fullstop)</li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Apply_CS2_to_a_single_citation" data-mw-thread-id="h-Apply_CS2_to_a_single_citation"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Apply_CS2_to_a_single_citation"></span>Apply CS2 to a single citation<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Apply_CS2_to_a_single_citation"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Help:Citation_Style_2&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Apply CS2 to a single citation" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span>  </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>By default, the <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:Citation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:Citation">Citation</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> template uses CS2 formatting. To apply CS2 formatting to other citation templates, add <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-wikitext mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">|mode=cs2</code> to the template's parameters. For example, <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:Cite_web?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> uses CS1 formatting, but <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-wikitext mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><span class="p">{{</span><span class="nt">cite web</span> <span class="p">|</span><span class="nl">mode</span><span class="o">=</span>cs2<span class="p">}}</span></code> uses CS2 formatting.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Apply_CS2_to_all_citations_in_an_article" data-mw-thread-id="h-Apply_CS2_to_all_citations_in_an_article"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Apply_CS2_to_all_citations_in_an_article"></span>Apply CS2 to all citations in an article<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Apply_CS2_to_all_citations_in_an_article"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Help:Citation_Style_2&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Apply CS2 to all citations in an article" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span>  </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <p>Add <code>{{cs1 config |mode=cs2}}</code> to the article, preferably near the top of the page,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to apply CS2 formatting to all citations on a page using <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Module:Citation/CS1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Module:Citation/CS1">Module:Citation/CS1</a>.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Citation_template" data-mw-thread-id="h-Citation_template"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Citation_template"></span>Citation template<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Citation_template"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Help:Citation_Style_2&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Citation template" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span>  </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <p>The general purpose <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:Citation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:Citation">Citation</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> template uses CS2 by default. It determines the citation type by examining which parameters are used. As with other citation templates, it can be used either in a footnote (between <code class="nowrap" style=""><ref>...</ref></code> tags) or in a section that lists sources. For example:</p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody> <tr> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239256054">.mw-parser-output div.tj-box{font-family:"Menlo","Consolas","Liberation Mono","Courier New",monospace;padding:1em;white-space:pre-wrap;overflow-x:hidden;word-wrap:break-word;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:var(--color-emphasized,#000);border:1px solid var(--border-color-muted,#eaecf0);line-height:1.3;tab-size:4;vertical-align:baseline;margin:0}.mw-parser-output div.tj-box span.tj-tn,.mw-parser-output div.tj-box span.tj-tn a,.mw-parser-output div.tj-box span.tj-tn a:link,.mw-parser-output div.tj-box span.tj-tn a:visited,.mw-parser-output div.tj-box span.tj-tn a:hover{font-weight:bold;color:#4169e1}.mw-parser-output div.tj-box span.tj-an{font-weight:bold;color:#2e8b57}.mw-parser-output div.tj-box span.tj-ac{font-style:italic;color:#933}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div.tj-box span.tj-tn,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div.tj-box span.tj-tn a,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div.tj-box span.tj-tn a:link,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div.tj-box span.tj-tn a:visited,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div.tj-box span.tj-tn a:hover{color:#6383E7}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div.tj-box span.tj-an{color:#339a60}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div.tj-box span.tj-ac{color:#D07373}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div.tj-box span.tj-tn,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div.tj-box span.tj-tn a,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div.tj-box span.tj-tn a:link,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div.tj-box span.tj-tn a:visited,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div.tj-box span.tj-tn a:hover{color:#6383E7}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div.tj-box span.tj-an{color:#339a60}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div.tj-box span.tj-ac{color:#D07373}}</style> <div class="tj-box"> {{<span class="tj-tn"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:Citation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:Citation">Citation</a></span><br> | <span class="tj-an">last</span> = <span class="tj-ac">Turner</span><br> | <span class="tj-an">first</span> = <span class="tj-ac">Orsamus</span><br> | <span class="tj-an">title</span> = <span class="tj-ac">History of the pioneer settlement of Phelps and Gorham's purchase, and Morris' reserve</span><br> | <span class="tj-an">publisher</span> = <span class="tj-ac">William Alling</span><br> | <span class="tj-an">place</span> = <span class="tj-ac">Rochester, New York</span><br> | <span class="tj-an">year</span> = <span class="tj-ac">1851</span><br> | <span class="tj-an">ol</span> = <span class="tj-ac">7120924W</span><br> }} </div></td> <td> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTurner1851" class="citation cs2">Turner, Orsamus (1851), <i>History of the pioneer settlement of Phelps and Gorham's purchase, and Morris' reserve</i>, Rochester, New York: William Alling, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/OL_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://openlibrary.org/works/OL7120924W">7120924W</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+pioneer+settlement+of+Phelps+and+Gorham%27s+purchase%2C+and+Morris%27+reserve&rft.place=Rochester%2C+New+York&rft.pub=William+Alling&rft.date=1851&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fworks%2FOL7120924W%23id-name%3DOL&rft.aulast=Turner&rft.aufirst=Orsamus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelp%3ACitation+Style+2" class="Z3988"></span></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Notes" data-mw-thread-id="h-Notes"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Notes"></span>Notes<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Notes"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Help:Citation_Style_2&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Notes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span>  </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This covers all templates that directly invoke <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Module:Citation/CS1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Module:Citation/CS1">Module:Citation/CS1</a>, including the general purpose CS2 template <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:Citation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:Citation">Citation</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span>. It also includes the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Citation Style 1">Citation Style 1 (CS1)</a> templates <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:Cite_web?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span>, <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:Cite_news?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:Cite news">cite news</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span>, <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:Cite_book?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span>, <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:Cite_journal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span>, <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:Cite_magazine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:Cite magazine">cite magazine</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span>, and templates that are wrappers for these templates like <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:Cite_CE1913?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Cite CE1913">cite CE1913</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span>, <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:Cite_Google_Maps?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:Cite Google Maps">cite Google Maps</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span>, <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:Cite_tweet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:Cite tweet">cite tweet</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span>, or <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:Cite_ADB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:Cite ADB">cite ADB</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span>. There are some templates with "cite xxx" names, like <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:Cite_patent?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:Cite patent">cite patent</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span>, that are technically unrelated, do not invoke Module:Citation/CS1, and cannot use the CS2 style mode.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">There are various benefits to using a template, most notably that doing so produces a consistent look. You are not required to use CS2 or any other citation <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Templates?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Templates">template</a>. As of October 2016<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DCitation_Style_2%26action%3Dedit">[update]</a></sup>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Variation_in_citation_methods" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">Wikipedia:Citing sources § Variation in citation methods (WP:CITEVAR)</a> states: <blockquote> <p>Editors should not attempt to change an article's established citation style merely on the grounds of personal preference, to make it match other articles, or without first seeking <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Consensus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Consensus">consensus</a> for the change.</p> </blockquote></span></li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/MOS:ORDER?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:ORDER">MOS:ORDER</a>.</span></li> </ol> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Tools" data-mw-thread-id="h-Tools"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Tools"></span>Tools<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Tools"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Help:Citation_Style_2&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Tools" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span>  </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/User:Trappist_the_monk/HarvErrors?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="User:Trappist the monk/HarvErrors">User:Trappist the monk/HarvErrors</a> is a script that may be enabled to display errors when using <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:CITESHORT?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:CITESHORT">shortened footnotes</a>. (See <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Shortened_footnotes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Shortened footnotes">Help:Shortened footnotes</a> for details on links and anchors.)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/User:Nardog/RefRenamer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="User:Nardog/RefRenamer">User:Nardog/RefRenamer</a> will replace the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:VisualEditor/Named_references?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:VisualEditor/Named references">names that the VisualEditor auto-generates</a> for named references (":0") with names using the parameters from the citation template ("Smith-2015").</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:ProveIt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:ProveIt">Wikipedia:ProveIt</a> is a gadget that offers a visual interface for editing and generating citation templates.</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/User:Mesidast/Tidy_citations.js?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="User:Mesidast/Tidy citations.js">User:Mesidast/Tidy citations.js</a> normalizes spacing in all citations on a given page.</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/User:Lingzhi2/reviewsourcecheck-sb.js?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="User:Lingzhi2/reviewsourcecheck-sb.js">User:Lingzhi2/reviewsourcecheck-sb.js</a> is a script that will note which citations on a given page are inconsistent.</li> </ul> <div class="navbox-styles"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style> </div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Wikipedia_referencing" style="padding:3px"> <table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"> <tbody> <tr> <th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style> <div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"> <ul> <li class="nv-view"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:Wikipedia_referencing?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:Wikipedia referencing"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li> <li class="nv-talk"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template_talk:Wikipedia_referencing?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template talk:Wikipedia referencing"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li> <li class="nv-edit"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Wikipedia_referencing?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Wikipedia referencing"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li> </ul> </div> <div id="Wikipedia_referencing" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">Wikipedia referencing</a> </div></th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Policies and guidelines</th> <td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"> <div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">Verifiability</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:No original research">No original research</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons">Biographies of living persons</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_reliable_sources_(medicine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources (medicine)">Medicine</a></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">Citing sources</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Scientific_citation_guidelines?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Scientific citation guidelines">Scientific citations</a></li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General advice</th> <td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"> <div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">Citation needed</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Combining_sources?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Combining sources">Combining sources</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Offline_sources?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Offline sources">Offline sources</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Overview_of_referencing_styles?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Overview of referencing styles">Referencing styles</a></li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">Citing sources</a></th> <td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"> <div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Citation Style 1">Citation Style 1</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Citation Style 2</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_Vancouver?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Citation Style Vancouver">Citation Style Vancouver</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Category:Bluebook_style_citation_templates?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Category:Bluebook style citation templates">Bluebook</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Category:Comics_citation_templates?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Category:Comics citation templates">Comics</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_templates?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Citation templates">Citation templates</a></li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Inline_citation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Inline citation">Inline citations</a></th> <td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"> <div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Footnotes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Footnotes">Footnotes</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Punctuation_and_footnotes" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">Punctuation and footnotes</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Shortened_footnotes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Shortened footnotes">Shortened footnotes</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Nesting_footnotes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Nesting footnotes">Nesting footnotes</a></li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">Help for beginners</a></th> <td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"> <div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Reftags?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Reftags">Reference-tags</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Citations_quick_reference?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Citations quick reference">Citations quick reference</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_referencing_with_Wiki_Markup/1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Introduction to referencing with Wiki Markup/1">Introduction to referencing</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners_with_citation_templates?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Referencing for beginners with citation templates">Referencing with citation templates</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners_without_using_templates?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Referencing for beginners without using templates">Referencing without using templates</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:References_dos_and_don%27ts?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:References dos and don'ts">Referencing dos and don'ts</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_Wikipedia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Citing Wikipedia">Citing Wikipedia</a></li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Advanced help</th> <td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"> <div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Cite_link_labels?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Cite link labels">Cite link labels</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Cite_errors?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Cite errors">Cite errors</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Citation_merging?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Citation merging">Citation merging (bundling)</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Cite_messages?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Cite messages">Cite messages</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Converting_between_references_formats?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Converting between references formats">Converting between references formats</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Reference_display_customization?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Reference display customization">Reference display customization</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:References_and_page_numbers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:References and page numbers">References and page numbers</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Guidance_on_source_reviewing_at_FAC?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Guidance on source reviewing at FAC">Guidance on source reviewing at FAC</a></li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Category:Footnote_templates?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Category:Footnote templates">Footnote templates</a></th> <td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"> <div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:Citation_Style_documentation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:Citation Style documentation">Citation Style documentation</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:Multiple_references?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Template:Multiple references">Multiple references</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:Reflist?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:Reflist">Reflist</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:Refbegin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:Refbegin">Refbegin</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span></li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Find_sources?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Find sources">Find references </a></th> <td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"> <div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:FIND?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:FIND">How to find sources</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:List_of_bibliographies?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:List of bibliographies">Bibliographies</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Library">Wikipedia Library</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Resource_Exchange/Resource_Request?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Resource Exchange/Resource Request">Resource Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Reference_desk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Reference desk">Reference Desk</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Book_sources?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Book sources">Book Sources</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Free_English_newspaper_sources?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Free English newspaper sources">Free newspaper sources</a></li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Citation_tools?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Citation tools">Citation tools</a><br> (External links)</th> <td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"> <div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://citer.toolforge.org/">Citer</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://sumsearch.org/cite/">Biomedical cite</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tools.wmflabs.org/citations/">Citation bot</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tools.wmflabs.org/makeref/">MakeRef</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://refill.toolforge.org/ng/">Refill</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/">WayBack</a></li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"> </div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Wikipedia_help_pages" style="padding:3px"> <table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"> <tbody> <tr> <th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"> <div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"> <ul> <li class="nv-view"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:Wikipedia_help_pages?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:Wikipedia help pages"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li> <li class="nv-talk"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template_talk:Wikipedia_help_pages?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template talk:Wikipedia help pages"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li> <li class="nv-edit"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Wikipedia_help_pages?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Wikipedia help pages"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li> </ul> </div> <div id="Wikipedia_help_pages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Directory?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Directory">Wikipedia help pages</a> </div></th> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"> <div> <ul> <li><b>Visit the <i><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Teahouse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Teahouse">Teahouse</a></i> or the <i><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">Help desk</a></i> for an interactive <abbr title="questions and answers">Q & A</abbr> forum.</b></li> </ul> <hr> <ul> <li><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:FAQ">FAQs</a></b> <b><abbr title="This is a list of frequently asked questions about using and contributing to Wikipedia.">(?)</abbr></b></li> <li><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Reference_desk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Reference desk">Reference desks</a></b> <b><abbr title="Works like a library reference desk. Ask a question here and Wikipedia volunteers will try to answer it.">(?)</abbr></b></li> <li><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Noticeboards?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Noticeboards">Noticeboards</a></b> <b><abbr title="Pages where editors can ask questions and request assistance from people who are familiar with the policies and guidelines covered by each individual board.">(?)</abbr></b></li> <li><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Cheatsheet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Cheatsheet">Cheatsheet</a></b> <b><abbr title="For a list of the most commonly used Wiki markup and templates.">(?)</abbr></b></li> <li><b> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Directories_and_indexes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Directories and indexes">Directories</a></b> <b><abbr title="For a list of Wikipedia's directories and indexes.">(?)</abbr></b></li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:About?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a> <abbr title="Wikipedia's governess and customs">(?)</abbr></th> <td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"> <div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Administration?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Administration">Administration</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Purpose?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Purpose">Purpose</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Five_pillars?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Five pillars">Principles</a></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Policies_and_guidelines?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Policies and guidelines">Policies and guidelines</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not">What Wikipedia is not</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:General disclaimer">Disclaimer</a> (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Advice_for_parents?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Advice for parents">parental advice</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Request_directory?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Request directory">Making requests</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Who_writes_Wikipedia%3F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Who writes Wikipedia?">Who writes Wikipedia?</a></li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Reader%27s_index_to_Wikipedia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Reader's index to Wikipedia">Help for readers</a> <abbr title="Concerns and questions readers may have about Wikipedia">(?)</abbr></th> <td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"> <div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Readers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:FAQ/Readers">FAQ</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_book_creator_status?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Wikipedia book creator status">Books</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Copyright?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Copyright">Copyright</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Glossary?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:Glossary">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Mobile_access?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Mobile access">Mobile access</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Navigation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Navigation">Navigation</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Other_languages?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Other languages">Other languages</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Searching?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Searching">Searching</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Student_help?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Student help">Students</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Viewing_media?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Viewing media">Viewing media</a></li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Contributing_to_Wikipedia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Contributing to Wikipedia">Contributing<br> to Wikipedia</a> <abbr title="Overviews and resources needed to comprehend, comment on, and edit">(?)</abbr></th> <td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"> <div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Guidance_for_younger_editors?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Guidance for younger editors">Advice for young editors</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoiding_common_mistakes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Avoiding common mistakes">Avoiding common mistakes</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Etiquette?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Etiquette">Etiquette</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Simplified_Manual_of_Style?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Simplified Manual of Style">Simplified Manual of Style</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Simplified_ruleset?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Simplified ruleset">Simplified rule-set</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Ignore_all_rules?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Ignore all rules">"Ignore all rules"</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:The_rules_are_principles?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:The rules are principles">"The rules are principles"</a></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Styletips?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Styletips">Style-tips</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Tip_of_the_day?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Tip of the day">Tip of the day</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Your_first_article?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Your first article">Your first article</a> (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_wizard?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Article wizard">article wizard</a>)</li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Getting_started?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Getting started">Getting started</a> <abbr title="Introductions and tutorials">(?)</abbr></th> <td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"> <div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Why_create_an_account%3F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Why create an account?">Why create an account?</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Introduction?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Introduction">Introductions by topic</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Graphics_tutorials?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Graphics tutorials">Graphics tutorials</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Pictures?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Pictures">Picture tutorial</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:IRC/Tutorial?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:IRC/Tutorial">IRC <span style="font-size:85%;">(live chat)</span> tutorial</a></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:VisualEditor/User_guide?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:VisualEditor/User guide">VisualEditor user guide</a></li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Dos_and_don%27ts?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Dos and don'ts">Dos and don'ts</a> <abbr title="Wikipedia policies, guidelines, and formatting standards in bullet points">(?)</abbr></th> <td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"> <div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Accessibility_dos_and_don%27ts?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Accessibility dos and don'ts">Accessibility</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Biography_dos_and_don%27ts?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Biography dos and don'ts">Biographies</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons_dos_and_don%27ts?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons dos and don'ts">Biographies (living)</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Categorization_dos_and_don%27ts?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Categorization dos and don'ts">Categorization</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Consensus_dos_and_don%27ts?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Consensus dos and don'ts">Consensus</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Talk_dos_and_don%27ts?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Talk dos and don'ts">Discussions</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Disambiguation_dos_and_don%27ts?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Disambiguation dos and don'ts">Disambiguation</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Image_dos_and_don%27ts?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Image dos and don'ts">Images</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Lead_dos_and_don%27ts?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Lead dos and don'ts">Leads</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Linking_dos_and_don%27ts?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Linking dos and don'ts">Links</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:List_dos_and_don%27ts?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:List dos and don'ts">Lists</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:References_dos_and_don%27ts?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:References dos and don'ts">References</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Table_dos_and_don%27ts?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Table dos and don'ts">Tables</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_title_dos_and_don%27ts?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Article title dos and don'ts">Titles (of articles)</a></li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_how-to?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Category:Wikipedia how-to">How-to pages</a> and<br><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_information_pages?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Category:Wikipedia information pages">information pages</a> <abbr title="Topic specific informative and instructional pages">(?)</abbr></th> <td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"> <div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Guide_to_appealing_blocks?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Guide to appealing blocks">Appealing blocks</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Guide_to_deletion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Guide to deletion">Article deletion</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Category?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Category">Categories</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Citations_quick_reference?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Citations quick reference">Citations/references</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">Referencing for beginners</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Citation Style 1">Citation Style 1</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Cite_errors?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Cite errors">Cite errors</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:References_and_page_numbers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:References and page numbers">References and page numbers</a></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Convert?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Convert">Convert</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Diff?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Diff">Diff</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Editing?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Editing">Editing</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Minor_edit?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Minor edit">Minor edit</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Edit_toolbar?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Edit toolbar">toolbar</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Edit_conflict?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Edit conflict">edit conflict</a></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Find_sources?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Find sources">Find sources</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Files?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Files">Files</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Footnotes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Footnotes">Footnotes</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Guide_to_image_deletion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Guide to image deletion">Image deletion</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Infobox?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Infobox">Infoboxes</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Link?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Link">Linking</a> (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Link_color?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Link color">link color</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Logging_in?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Logging in">Logging in</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Merging?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Merging">Merging</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Page_name?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Page name">Page name</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:How_to_move_a_page?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:How to move a page">Renaming pages</a></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Redirect?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Redirect">Redirect</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Reset_password?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Reset password">Passwords</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Email_confirmation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Email confirmation">Email confirmation</a></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Reverting?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Reverting">Reverting</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Simple_guide_to_vandalism_cleanup?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Simple guide to vandalism cleanup">Simple vandalism cleanup</a></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Talk_pages?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Talk pages">Talk pages</a> (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Archiving_a_talk_page?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Archiving a talk page">archiving</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Archiving_(plain_and_simple)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Archiving (plain and simple)">simple archiving</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:User_contributions?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:User contributions">User contributions</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:WP_search_protocol?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:WP search protocol">WP search protocol</a></li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wiki_markup?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wiki markup">Coding</a> <abbr title="Wikitext information consists of the syntax used to format a page">(?)</abbr></th> <td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"> <div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Wikitext?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Wikitext">Wiki markup</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Barchart?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Barchart">Barcharts</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Calculation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Calculation">Calculations</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Special_characters?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Special characters">Characters</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Columns?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Columns">Columns</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Elevation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Elevation">Elevation</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Hidden_text?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Hidden text">Hidden text</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:HTML_in_wikitext?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:HTML in wikitext">HTML</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:List?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:List">Lists</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Magic_words?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Magic words">Magic words</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Musical_symbols?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Musical symbols">Music symbols</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Section?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Section">Sections</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Sound_file_markup?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Sound file markup">Sounds</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Table?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Table">Tables</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Template?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Template">Templates</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Transclusion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Transclusion">Transclusion</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:URL?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:URL">URL</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Visual_file_markup?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Visual file markup">Visual files</a></li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Directories_and_indexes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Directories and indexes">Directories</a> <abbr title="Wikipedia's directories and indexes">(?)</abbr></th> <td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"> <div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_abbreviations?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Wikipedia abbreviations">Abbreviations</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Contents">Contents</a> <small>(Encyclopedia proper)</small></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Department_directory?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Department directory">Departments</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Editor%27s_index_to_Wikipedia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Editor's index to Wikipedia">Editor's index</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Essay_directory?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Essay directory">Essays</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Index?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:FAQ/Index">FAQs</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Glossary?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Glossary">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:List_of_guidelines?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:List of guidelines">Guidelines</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Contents?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Contents">Manual of Style </a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:List_of_policies?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:List of policies">Policies</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Maintenance?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Maintenance">Tasks</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Tips?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Tips">Tips</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Tools">Tools</a></li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"> <div> <b> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Wikipedia:_The_Missing_Manual?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Wikipedia: The Missing Manual">Missing Manual</a></b> <hr><span class="noprint plainlinks" title="Edit Special:MyTalk"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DSpecial:MyTalk%26action%3Dedit%26section%3Dnew%26preload%3DHelp:Contents/helpmepreload%26preloadtitle%3DHelp%2Bme%2521"><b>Ask for help on your talk page</b></a></span> <b><abbr title="If you need help, you can use this link to ask a question on your talk page; a volunteer will visit you there shortly!">(?)</abbr></b> </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div>   </section> </div> <noscript> <img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=mobile" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"> </noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet=""> Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DHelp:Citation_Style_2%26oldid%3D1243453219">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:Citation_Style_2&oldid=1243453219</a>" </div> </div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"><a class="last-modified-bar" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Help:Citation_Style_2&action=history&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="Trappist the monk" data-user-gender="unknown" data-timestamp="1725203519"> <span>Last edited on 1 September 2024, at 15:11</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%25B8%25E0%25A6%25B9%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25AF%25E0%25A6%25BC:Citation_Style_2" title="সহায়:Citation Style 2 – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="সহায়:Citation Style 2" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AE%25E0%25A4%25A6%25E0%25A4%25A6:Citation_Style_2" title="मदद:Citation Style 2 – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="मदद:Citation Style 2" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AA%25AE%25E0%25AA%25A6%25E0%25AA%25A6:Citation_Style_2" title="મદદ:Citation Style 2 – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="મદદ:Citation Style 2" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B4%25B8%25E0%25B4%25B9%25E0%25B4%25BE%25E0%25B4%25AF%25E0%25B4%2582:Citation_Style_2" title="സഹായം:Citation Style 2 – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സഹായം:Citation Style 2" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:%25E5%2587%25BA%25E5%2585%25B8%25E8%25A1%25A8%25E8%25A8%2598%25E5%25BD%25A2%25E5%25BC%258F2" title="Help:出典表記形式2 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Help:出典表記形式2" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_2" title="Help:Citation Style 2 – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Help:Citation Style 2" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomo%25C4%258D:Slog_navajanja_2" title="Pomoč:Slog navajanja 2 – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Pomoč:Slog navajanja 2" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B0%25B8%25E0%25B0%25B9%25E0%25B0%25BE%25E0%25B0%25AF%25E0%25B0%2582:Citation_Style_2" title="సహాయం:Citation Style 2 – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="సహాయం:Citation Style 2" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2594%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B2%25D1%2596%25D0%25B4%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0:Citation_Style_2" title="Довідка:Citation Style 2 – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Довідка:Citation Style 2" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:%25E5%25BC%2595%25E6%2596%2587%25E6%25A0%25BC%25E5%25BC%258F2" title="Help:引文格式2 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="Help:引文格式2" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod">This page was last edited on 1 September 2024, at 15:11<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" class="footer-places hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:About?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://stats.wikimedia.org/%23/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-terms-use"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://foundation.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Terms of Use</a></li> <li id="footer-places-desktop-toggle"><a id="mw-mf-display-toggle" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DHelp:Citation_Style_2%26mobileaction%3Dtoggle_view_desktop" data-event-name="switch_to_desktop">Desktop</a></li> </ul> </div> </footer> </div> </div> <div class="mw-notification-area" data-mw="interface"></div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-78f4c97c5d-tg5v5","wgBackendResponseTime":132,"wgDiscussionToolsPageThreads":[{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Style","replies":[]},{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Apply_CS2_to_a_single_citation","replies":[]},{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Apply_CS2_to_all_citations_in_an_article","replies":[]},{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Citation_template","replies":[]},{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Notes","replies":[]},{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Tools","replies":[]}],"wgPageParseReport":{"discussiontools":{"limitreport-timeusage":"0.025"},"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.381","walltime":"1.194","ppvisitednodes":{"value":1670,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":62256,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":2376,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":14,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":6,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":36921,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1071.155 1 -total"," 8.11% 86.849 5 Template:Citation"," 7.41% 79.423 1 Template:Wikipedia_referencing"," 7.22% 77.308 1 Template:Navbox"," 6.88% 73.674 1 Template:Wikipedia_how_to"," 6.31% 67.553 1 Template:Tj"," 5.57% 59.650 1 Template:Ombox"," 4.41% 47.261 1 Template:Short_description"," 3.50% 37.537 1 Template:Shortcut"," 3.12% 33.409 1 Template:Pagetype"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.191","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":5156547,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-75f86cb67d-xbhnc","timestamp":"20241118161014","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script>(window.NORLQ=window.NORLQ||[]).push(function(){var ns,i,p,img;ns=document.getElementsByTagName('noscript');for(i=0;i<ns.length;i++){p=ns[i].nextSibling;if(p&&p.className&&p.className.indexOf('lazy-image-placeholder')>-1){img=document.createElement('img');img.setAttribute('src',p.getAttribute('data-src'));img.setAttribute('width',p.getAttribute('data-width'));img.setAttribute('height',p.getAttribute('data-height'));img.setAttribute('alt',p.getAttribute('data-alt'));p.parentNode.replaceChild(img,p);}}});</script> <script>function gtElInit() {var lib = new google.translate.TranslateService();lib.translatePage('en', 'en', function () {});}</script> <script src="https://translate.google.com/translate_a/element.js?cb=gtElInit&hl=en-GB&client=wt" type="text/javascript"></script> </body> </html>

CINXE.COM

Help:Citation Style 2 - Wikipedia