CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head> <link rel=preload href="https://assets.medicalnewstoday.com/_next/vendor-98415-legacy.js" as=script crossorigin=anonymous><link rel=preload href="https://assets.medicalnewstoday.com/_next/lib-4a032-legacy.js" as=script crossorigin=anonymous><link rel=preload href="https://assets.medicalnewstoday.com/_next/felib-ecd29-legacy.js" as=script crossorigin=anonymous><link rel=preload href="https://assets.medicalnewstoday.com/_next/felib-core-f80e2-legacy.js" as=script crossorigin=anonymous><link rel=preload href="https://assets.medicalnewstoday.com/_next/e7dc6e80-e54c-4715-95e8-36252de85733/mnt/pages/tabbed.js-legacy.js" as=script crossorigin=anonymous> <title>HIV vs. AIDS: Differences and connections</title><link rel="canonical" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/316019"/><meta name="description" content="What is the difference between HIV and AIDS? HIV is a virus that can be transmitted in various ways, through bodily fluids. With treatment, a person can live a long and normal life. However, without treatment, the body can become more susceptible to infection, and a syndrome known as AIDS can develop. Find out more. "/><meta name="k1" content="hivaids"/><meta name="k2" content="infectious"/><meta name="ROBOTS" content="NOODP"/><meta name="sailthru.image.thumb" content="https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2020/02/hiv-blood-sample-1.jpg"/><meta name="sailthru.tags" content="cat_blood,cat_hiv-aids,cat_infectious_diseases,cat_sexual-health,k1_hivaids,k2_infectious"/><meta name="article:published_time" content="2018-05-31T11:00:00.000Z"/><meta name="article:author" content="Jayne Leonard"/><meta property="og:title" content="HIV vs. AIDS: Differences and connections"/><meta property="og:description" content="What is the difference between HIV and AIDS? HIV is a virus that can be transmitted in various ways, through bodily fluids. With treatment, a person can live a long and normal life. However, without treatment, the body can become more susceptible to infection, and a syndrome known as AIDS can develop. Find out more. "/><meta property="og:type" content="article"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/316019"/><meta name="twitter:title" content="HIV vs. AIDS: Differences and connections"/><meta name="twitter:description" content="What is the difference between HIV and AIDS? HIV is a virus that can be transmitted in various ways, through bodily fluids. With treatment, a person can live a long and normal life. However, without treatment, the body can become more susceptible to infection, and a syndrome known as AIDS can develop. Find out more. "/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2020/02/hiv-blood-sample-1.jpg"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2020/02/hiv-blood-sample-1.jpg"/><meta property="og:image:width" content="256"/><meta property="og:image:height" content="192"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2020/02/hiv-blood-sample-1.jpg"/><meta property="og:image:width" content="256"/><meta property="og:image:height" content="192"/> <style data-emotion="css 0 1pf0x3y 79elbk 1mqo1cs z1zfa by55vd 1ynwxft 2nnb2j 1tn87m4 13njx2h 17cs55w 1081t4c 1dvthki upe1zs jwb353 eqytyw v23quv 1qsp2zb 1vtpbs6 spwcx4 b9vh1e 90fpmc wy0i0w gc7rbi 1qfr3bt 142e5vg 8pel1w 1ugtprl d2znx6 h9jo37 w8u3o4 b26b7j v34bze i4o77u 1l95nvm u8uhak 1ub4i5m 7wivn5 1bnren8 1ujqk39 1v78rwm 1rkrrlx 1acbpvw rre5oz une8nx 1d75hb8 15lc7zf 2wv3mf 14uyzrw 1g9ioi4 3jro8 1kdolwm 12wdr8u 4a7tih s3rqk7 1ggvc7 6a6zvz 12qvns3 1wdo63k ro87dg 1avyp1d wp9hsz 11m4ja7 xqvouu 1hpp2pt 1uwjw6e 140fa3i kxscys 1ugaz02 1ivue52 1ti7iub 7bezlb 1p2cbqg 1xdhyk6 yeoi4c n98yn4 5f7251 bufxhs 7vynax 10ib5jr k3xa71 1pvwan1 1mj85ht 1bisyf5 16uhuj4 8q8l90 t143ak 1p4nzih 1xaekgw 1j0o3lg 1xhs5eu 1wape1s">.css-1pf0x3y{width:100%;display:block;}.css-79elbk{position:relative;}.css-1mqo1cs{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:[center|flex-start];-webkit-box-align:[center|flex-start];-ms-flex-align:[center|flex-start];align-items:[center|flex-start];-webkit-box-pack:[center|flex-start];-ms-flex-pack:[center|flex-start];-webkit-justify-content:[center|flex-start];justify-content:[center|flex-start];position:absolute;left:0;right:0;top:0;bottom:0;z-index:1;background:[rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6)|transparent];opacity:0;padding:[|20px];}.touchevents-false .css-1mqo1cs:hover,.css-1mqo1cs.mobile-hover{opacity:1;}.css-z1zfa{display:inline-block;overflow:hidden;color:transparent;width:1px;height:1px;margin-left:-1px;}.css-by55vd::before{border:none;border-radius:100%;font-size:45px;height:45px;line-height:45px;width:45px;}.css-by55vd:hover::before{background:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5);}@media tablet{.css-by55vd::before{content:"\7a";width:50px;height:50px;font-size:23px;text-align:center;line-height:54px;color:#231f20;display:block;position:absolute;top:20px;left:20px;background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9);}.css-by55vd:hover::before{background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9);color:hover;}}.css-1ynwxft{padding:0px;margin:0px;list-style:none;}.css-2nnb2j{font-size:16px;line-height:18px;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;margin-bottom:0;display:block;}.css-2nnb2j:hover{color:#f0533a;}.css-1tn87m4{margin-right:0;}@media(min-width:768px){.css-1tn87m4{margin-right:0;}}@media(min-width:990px){.css-1tn87m4{margin-right:140px;}}.css-13njx2h{margin-bottom:50px;}@media(min-width:768px){.css-13njx2h{margin-bottom:0;}}.css-17cs55w{display:none;margin-top:32px;min-width:510px;max-width:100%;}@media(min-width:768px){.css-17cs55w{display:none;}}@media(min-width:990px){.css-17cs55w{display:block;}}.css-1081t4c{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}.css-1dvthki{width:40%;margin:0 20px;}@media(min-width:768px){.css-1dvthki{width:40%;margin:0 20px;}}@media(min-width:990px){.css-1dvthki{width:200px;margin:0 20px 0 0;}}.css-upe1zs{-webkit-flex:1;-ms-flex:1;flex:1;}.css-jwb353{display:none;}@media(min-width:768px){.css-jwb353{display:none;}}@media(min-width:990px){.css-jwb353{display:block;}}.css-eqytyw{display:block;}@media(min-width:768px){.css-eqytyw{display:block;}}@media(min-width:990px){.css-eqytyw{display:none;}}.css-v23quv{margin-bottom:30px;}@media(min-width:768px){.css-v23quv{margin-bottom:30px;}}@media(min-width:990px){.css-v23quv{margin-bottom:0;}}.css-1qsp2zb{-webkit-flex-shrink:0;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;}.css-1vtpbs6{width:auto;height:40px;margin-left:0;}@media(min-width:768px){.css-1vtpbs6{margin-left:0;}}@media(min-width:990px){.css-1vtpbs6{margin-left:50px;}}.css-spwcx4{width:auto;height:40px;}.css-b9vh1e{color:#231f20;font-size:24px;font-size:38px;line-height:1.1;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:20px;margin-bottom:25px;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:baseline;-webkit-box-align:baseline;-ms-flex-align:baseline;align-items:baseline;}.css-b9vh1e::before{font-size:16px;font-size:25px;margin-right:5px;margin-right:12px;width:20px;width:30px;}.css-b9vh1e.icon-hl-close-thin::before,.css-b9vh1e.icon-hl-close::before{font-size:20px;font-size:30px;margin-right:16px;}.css-b9vh1e.icon-hl-check-thin::before,.css-b9vh1e.icon-hl-check::before{font-size:20px;font-size:30px;margin-right:16px;}.css-90fpmc{cursor:pointer;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;border-color:currentColor;color:#3D5191;}.css-90fpmc:hover{color:#f0533a;}.css-90fpmc:hover img,.css-90fpmc:hover .image{opacity:0.8;}.css-90fpmc:hover svg{fill:currentColor;}.css-90fpmc:active{color:#f0533a;}.css-90fpmc.content-link{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}.css-wy0i0w{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-flex-wrap:wrap;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;list-style:none;margin:0;margin-left:-12px;padding:0;}@media(min-width:768px){.css-wy0i0w{margin-left:-15px;}}.css-gc7rbi{white-space:nowrap;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;margin:0;padding:0;position:relative;color:#007FAA;}@media(min-width:768px){.css-gc7rbi{font-size:28px;line-height:40px;}}.css-gc7rbi:after{content:"";background:#dcdbdb;position:absolute;top:2px;right:1px;bottom:0;height:16px;width:1px;margin:auto;}@media(min-width:768px){.css-gc7rbi:after{top:4px;height:22px;width:2px;}}.css-gc7rbi:last-child:after{content:none;}.css-1qfr3bt{cursor:pointer;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;border-color:currentColor;color:#3D5191;font-size:16px;line-height:28px;padding:0 12px;}@media(min-width:768px){.css-1qfr3bt{font-size:20px;line-height:40px;padding:0 15px;}}.css-1qfr3bt:hover{color:#f0533a;}.css-1qfr3bt:hover img,.css-1qfr3bt:hover .image{opacity:0.8;}.css-1qfr3bt:hover svg{fill:currentColor;}.css-1qfr3bt:active{color:#f0533a;}.css-1qfr3bt.content-link{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}.css-142e5vg{margin:0 0 0 44px;padding:0;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;list-style:none;gap:24px;}.css-8pel1w{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin-bottom:0;}.css-8pel1w svg{fill:#231f20;}.css-8pel1w:last-child{margin-right:0;}.css-8pel1w:hover{color:#f0533a;}.css-8pel1w:hover svg{fill:#f0533a;}.css-8pel1w:hover button{color:#f0533a;}.css-1ugtprl{font-family:"Proxima Nova","Proxima Nova Fallback",sans-serif;background-color:transparent;border:none;display:block;padding:0;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;font-size:18px;line-height:24px;color:#231f20;cursor:pointer;-webkit-transition:color 0.2s;transition:color 0.2s;}@media(min-width:768px){.css-1ugtprl{font-size:18px;line-height:24px;}}@media(min-width:990px){.css-1ugtprl{font-size:20px;line-height:28px;}}.css-1ugtprl svg{width:10px;height:10px;margin-left:6px;-webkit-transition:fill 0.2s;transition:fill 0.2s;fill:#231f20;}.css-1ugtprl:hover{color:#f0533a;}.css-1ugtprl:hover svg{fill:#f0533a;}.css-d2znx6{margin-bottom:25px;}.css-h9jo37{height:1px;overflow:visible;}.css-w8u3o4{-webkit-flex:1;-ms-flex:1;flex:1;max-width:100%;}.css-w8u3o4::after{content:"";clear:both;display:block;height:1px;margin-top:40px;margin-left:-20px;margin-right:-20px;background:#dcdbdb;}@media(min-width:768px){.css-w8u3o4::after{margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}}.css-b26b7j{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;list-style:none;margin-bottom:40px;}.css-b26b7j:last-child{margin-bottom:0;}.css-b26b7j:last-child .css-w8u3o4::after{display:none;}.css-v34bze{margin:10px 0 20px 0;overflow:hidden;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;-webkit-line-clamp:2;display:-webkit-box;}.css-i4o77u{font-family:"Proxima Nova","Proxima Nova Fallback",sans-serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:18px;font-size:22px;line-height:20px;line-height:28px;display:block;color:#231f20;margin:0;}.css-1l95nvm{margin:0;padding:0;}.css-1ub4i5m{margin-top:-15px;}@-webkit-keyframes animation-7wivn5{from{right:-600px;}to{right:0;}}@keyframes animation-7wivn5{from{right:-600px;}to{right:0;}}@-webkit-keyframes animation-1bnren8{from{right:0;visibility:visible;}to{right:-600px;visibility:hidden;}}@keyframes animation-1bnren8{from{right:0;visibility:visible;}to{right:-600px;visibility:hidden;}}@-webkit-keyframes animation-1ujqk39{from{right:-600px;display:none;}to{right:0;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;}}@keyframes animation-1ujqk39{from{right:-600px;display:none;}to{right:0;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;}}@-webkit-keyframes animation-1v78rwm{from{right:0;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;}to{right:-600px;display:none;}}@keyframes animation-1v78rwm{from{right:0;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;}to{right:-600px;display:none;}}.css-1rkrrlx{margin-bottom:0;line-height:26px;}.css-1rkrrlx ul{-webkit-padding-start:20px;padding-inline-start:20px;list-style-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg width='10' height='10' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%3E%3Ccircle cx='5' cy='5' r='1.5' fill='%23000000'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");}@-webkit-keyframes animation-1acbpvw{0%{opacity:0;}100%{opacity:1;}}@keyframes animation-1acbpvw{0%{opacity:0;}100%{opacity:1;}}.css-rre5oz{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;-webkit-box-pack:start;-ms-flex-pack:start;-webkit-justify-content:flex-start;justify-content:flex-start;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;padding-bottom:4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:#767474;font-family:"Proxima Nova","Proxima Nova Fallback",sans-serif;line-height:19px;}.css-rre5oz >span{font-weight:700;}.css-une8nx{-webkit-animation:animation-1acbpvw 0.2s ease-in;animation:animation-1acbpvw 0.2s ease-in;display:none;overflow:hidden;}.css-une8nx[open]{display:block;}.css-une8nx>div{margin-bottom:0;}.css-une8nx ul li a{color:#3D5191;}.css-une8nx ul li a:hover{color:#D3422E;}.css-1d75hb8{height:20px;width:20px;margin-right:12px;}.css-1d75hb8 svg{fill:#767474;height:20px;width:20px;}.css-15lc7zf>h3{margin-bottom:12px;}.css-2wv3mf{position:static;top:0;right:0;color:#767474;z-index:1;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-flex-wrap:wrap;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;justify-content:space-between;padding:16px 0;row-gap:8px;border-top:2px solid #dcdbdb;margin-top:24px;width:auto;}@media(min-width:768px){.css-2wv3mf{position:static;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-flex-wrap:wrap;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;justify-content:space-between;padding:16px 0;row-gap:8px;border-top:2px solid #dcdbdb;margin-top:24px;width:auto;}}@media(min-width:990px){.css-2wv3mf{position:absolute;padding:0px;row-gap:0px;border-top:0px;margin-top:0px;width:175px;}}.css-2wv3mf>p{font-size:14px;margin:0;-webkit-flex-basis:100%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:100%;flex-basis:100%;}@media(min-width:768px){.css-2wv3mf>p{margin:0;-webkit-flex-basis:100%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:100%;flex-basis:100%;}}@media(min-width:990px){.css-2wv3mf>p{margin:7px 0 0;}}.css-14uyzrw{height:25px;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;margin-right:-20px;}@media(min-width:768px){.css-14uyzrw{margin-right:-22px;}}.css-14uyzrw>.button-wrapper{margin-right:20px;color:#767474;}@media(min-width:768px){.css-14uyzrw>.button-wrapper{margin-right:22px;}}.css-14uyzrw>.button-wrapper>.button{font-size:20px;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;}.css-14uyzrw>.button-wrapper.print{display:none;}@media(min-width:768px){.css-14uyzrw>.button-wrapper.print{display:none;}}@media(min-width:990px){.css-14uyzrw>.button-wrapper.print{display:block;}}.css-14uyzrw>.button-wrapper.pinterest,.css-14uyzrw>.button-wrapper.reddit{display:none;}@media(min-width:768px){.css-14uyzrw>.button-wrapper.pinterest,.css-14uyzrw>.button-wrapper.reddit{display:block;}}.css-14uyzrw>.button-wrapper.more{display:block;}@media(min-width:768px){.css-14uyzrw>.button-wrapper.more{display:none;}}.css-1g9ioi4{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;padding-bottom:0;gap:25px;-webkit-align-items:flex-start;-webkit-box-align:flex-start;-ms-flex-align:flex-start;align-items:flex-start;-webkit-box-pack:start;-ms-flex-pack:start;-webkit-justify-content:flex-start;justify-content:flex-start;}@media(min-width:768px){.css-1g9ioi4{gap:30px;}}.QSIEmbeddedTarget div:first-child{border:0!important;}.QSIEmbeddedTarget img[alt="Close"]{top:0!important;right:0!important;padding:12px;}.css-1kdolwm article>h2:first-child{margin-top:30px;}.css-12wdr8u{position:-webkit-sticky;position:sticky;top:0;z-index:500;display:block;}.css-4a7tih{top:50px;z-index:401;pointer-events:none;position:-webkit-sticky;position:-webkit-sticky;position:sticky;}@media all and (-ms-high-contrast: none),(-ms-high-contrast: active){.css-4a7tih{padding-top:70;}}.css-s3rqk7{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin-left:8px;}@media(min-width:990px){.css-s3rqk7{padding-bottom:5px;margin-bottom:10px;}}.css-1ggvc7{font-family:"Proxima Nova","Proxima Nova Fallback",sans-serif;font-weight:bold;text-transform:uppercase;margin-top:0;-webkit-transition:color 0.2s;transition:color 0.2s;color:#231f20;line-height:1;}.css-6a6zvz{font-size:20px;height:20px;margin-left:8px;margin-top:0;color:#231f20;}.css-12qvns3{-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;-webkit-order:4;-ms-flex-order:4;order:4;-webkit-flex:0 0 56px;-ms-flex:0 0 56px;flex:0 0 56px;-webkit-box-pack:end;-ms-flex-pack:end;-webkit-justify-content:flex-end;justify-content:flex-end;cursor:pointer;}@media(min-width:768px){.css-12qvns3{margin-left:0;margin-right:0;-webkit-order:4;-ms-flex-order:4;order:4;-webkit-flex:0 0 120px;-ms-flex:0 0 120px;flex:0 0 120px;-webkit-box-pack:end;-ms-flex-pack:end;-webkit-justify-content:flex-end;justify-content:flex-end;}}@media(min-width:990px){.css-12qvns3{margin-left:auto;margin-right:25px;-webkit-order:3;-ms-flex-order:3;order:3;-webkit-flex:0 1 auto;-ms-flex:0 1 auto;flex:0 1 auto;-webkit-box-pack:normal;-ms-flex-pack:normal;-webkit-justify-content:normal;justify-content:normal;}}.css-1wdo63k{cursor:pointer;color:#231f20;font-family:Proxima Nova,Arial Narrow,helvetica,arial,system-ui,sans-serif;font-weight:500;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:0.21px;-webkit-transition:color 0.2s;transition:color 0.2s;text-transform:uppercase;}@media(min-width:768px){.css-1wdo63k{font-size:15px;}}@media(min-width:990px){.css-1wdo63k{font-size:18px;}}.css-1wdo63k:hover{color:#f0533a;}.css-ro87dg{color:#231f20;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}.css-wp9hsz{margin-bottom:20px;margin-top:20px;}@media(min-width:768px){.css-wp9hsz{margin-bottom:30px;margin-top:30px;}}.css-11m4ja7{padding:30px;}@media(min-width:768px){.css-11m4ja7{padding:40px;}}.css-xqvouu{margin-bottom:0;}.css-1hpp2pt >*:first-child{margin-top:0;}.css-1hpp2pt >*:last-child{margin-bottom:0;}.css-1hpp2pt cite{display:block;margin-top:25px;margin-bottom:25px;}@media(min-width:768px){.css-1hpp2pt cite{margin-top:35px;margin-bottom:35px;}}.css-1hpp2pt cite::before{content:"―";margin-right:5px;}.css-1hpp2pt>ol{padding-left:20px;}.css-1hpp2pt>ol>li{padding-left:8px;}@media(min-width:768px){.css-1hpp2pt>ol>li{padding-left:15px;}}.css-1hpp2pt>ul{list-style:none;padding-left:0;}.css-1hpp2pt>ul>li{font-size:18px;line-height:26px;margin-bottom:8px;}.css-1hpp2pt li{padding-left:0;}.css-1hpp2pt li:last-child{margin-bottom:0;}.css-1hpp2pt>small{font-size:14px;line-height:20px;}.css-1uwjw6e{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:right;-ms-flex-pack:right;-webkit-justify-content:right;justify-content:right;}.css-140fa3i{margin-bottom:16px;border-bottom:2px solid #dcdbdb;padding-bottom:0;position:relative;margin-top:24px;}@media(min-width:768px){.css-140fa3i{padding-bottom:0;}}@media(min-width:990px){.css-140fa3i{padding-bottom:30px;}}.css-kxscys{-webkit-appearance:none;-moz-appearance:none;-ms-appearance:none;appearance:none;background:none;border:none;padding:0;border-radius:0;margin-bottom:12px;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;cursor:pointer;}@media(min-width:768px){.css-kxscys{overflow:hidden;}}.css-kxscys[open]>div{border-bottom:2px solid undefined;}.css-1ugaz02{height:0;overflow:hidden;}.css-1ivue52{selector:css-oivvn2;overflow-wrap:break-word;word-break:break-word;word-wrap:break-word;}.css-1ti7iub{margin-bottom:25px;}.css-1ti7iub:last-child{margin-bottom:0;}.css-7bezlb{margin-top:25px;margin-bottom:50px;}.css-1p2cbqg{margin-bottom:50px;}.css-yeoi4c{margin-bottom:0;border-top:1px solid #dcdbdb;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;min-height:102px;padding-bottom:20px;padding-top:20px;width:100%;margin-bottom:0;min-height:unset;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;}.css-n98yn4{display:block;margin-right:15px;-webkit-flex-shrink:0;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;line-height:0;}.css-5f7251{background-color:#f7f7f7;width:84px;}.css-bufxhs{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;width:100%;}.css-7vynax{display:block;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;height:100%;overflow:hidden;pointer-events:none;z-index:-1;}.css-10ib5jr{margin-bottom:40px;}@media (min-width: 768px){.css-k3xa71{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;}}.css-1pvwan1{text-align:center;font-size:0;line-height:0;-webkit-flex:none;-ms-flex:none;flex:none;margin:0 0 20px;}@media (min-width: 768px){.css-1pvwan1{margin-right:30px;width:200px;}}.css-1mj85ht{font-size:16px;font-weight:600;text-align:center;margin:0 auto 20px;font-size:16px;line-height:26px;cursor:pointer;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;border-color:currentColor;color:#3D5191;margin-top:30px;margin-bottom:0;font-size:16px;line-height:26px;cursor:pointer;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;border-color:currentColor;color:#3D5191;}.css-1mj85ht:active,.css-1mj85ht:hover:not(:focus){outline:none;}@media max-mobile{.css-1mj85ht{display:block;font-size:14px;padding:9px 18px 10px 16px;width:210px;color:white;background:theme.colors.magenta;}.css-1mj85ht:hover{color:white;background:#aa311f;}}.css-1mj85ht:hover{color:#f0533a;}.css-1mj85ht:hover img,.css-1mj85ht:hover .image{opacity:0.8;}.css-1mj85ht:hover svg{fill:currentColor;}.css-1mj85ht:active{color:#f0533a;}.css-1mj85ht.content-link{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}@media max-mobile{.css-1mj85ht{font-family:inherit;font-size:14px;line-height:16px;background:#3D5191;color:white;}.css-1mj85ht:hover{color:white;}.css-1mj85ht:active{color:white;}}@media(min-width:768px){.css-1mj85ht{margin-top:20px;}}.css-1mj85ht:hover{color:#f0533a;}.css-1mj85ht:hover img,.css-1mj85ht:hover .image{opacity:0.8;}.css-1mj85ht:hover svg{fill:currentColor;}.css-1mj85ht:active{color:#f0533a;}.css-1mj85ht.content-link{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}@media max-mobile{.css-1mj85ht{font-family:inherit;font-size:14px;line-height:16px;background:#3D5191;color:white;}.css-1mj85ht:hover{color:white;}.css-1mj85ht:active{color:white;}}.css-1bisyf5{margin-left:7px;position:relative;top:1px;}@media max-mobile{.css-1bisyf5{display:none;}}.css-16uhuj4{margin:0 0 0 6px;color:#3D5191;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}.css-16uhuj4:hover{color:#f0533a;}.css-8q8l90{margin:0 4px 0 0;}@-webkit-keyframes animation-t143ak{from{rotate:none;}to{rotate:45deg;}}@keyframes animation-t143ak{from{rotate:none;}to{rotate:45deg;}}@-webkit-keyframes animation-1p4nzih{from{rotate:45deg;}to{rotate:0;}}@keyframes animation-1p4nzih{from{rotate:45deg;}to{rotate:0;}}.css-1xaekgw{margin-top:20px;}.css-1j0o3lg{font-size:14px;font-weight:400;line-height:20px;}.css-1xhs5eu{color:#3D5191;margin-left:0;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;}.css-1xhs5eu:hover{color:#D3422E;}.css-1wape1s p:first-of-type{margin-top:0px;padding-top:0px;}.css-1wape1s p.disclaimer:first-of-type{padding-top:15px;font-size:14px;line-height:20px;clear:both;background:gray-lightest;padding:15px 20px;margin:20px 0;}.css-1wape1s p.disclaimer:first-of-type a{color:text-black;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}.css-1wape1s p.disclaimer:first-of-type a:hover{color:hover;}.css-1wape1s .non-cost-jump-link{margin-bottom:30px;}</style><script src="https://cdn.cookielaw.org/scripttemplates/gpp.stub.js" type="text/javascript"></script><script src="https://cdn.cookielaw.org/scripttemplates/otSDKStub.js" type="text/javascript" data-domain-script="9b54d80c-2000-43bf-9670-aab208be0254"></script><script> let newDate = new Date(); newDate.setTime(newDate.getTime() + 1 * 3600 * 1000 * 24 * 365); function delete_cookie() { if (!getOTCookie('cleared-onetrust-cookies')) { console.log("Deleting Cookies: OptanonAlertBoxClosed, OTGPPConsent, OptanonConsent"); document.cookie = "OptanonAlertBoxClosed=;path=/;domain=.www.healthline.com;expires=Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:01 GMT'"; document.cookie = "OTGPPConsent=;path=/;domain=.www.healthline.com;expires=Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:01 GMT"; document.cookie = "OptanonConsent=;path=/;domain=.www.healthline.com;expires=Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:01 GMT"; } const hostname = window.location.hostname .split('.') .slice(-2) .join('.'); document.cookie = "cleared-onetrust-cookies=;path=/;domain=" + hostname + ";expires=" + newDate; } function getOTCookie(cookieName) { var value = '; ' + document.cookie; var parts = value.split('; ' + cookieName + '='); if (parts.length == 2) { return true; } } delete_cookie(); </script><script> (function (){window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];})() </script><script> (function (w, d, s, l, i) { w[l] = w[l] || []; w[l].push({ "gtm.start": new Date().getTime(), event: "gtm.js" }); var f = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j = d.createElement(s), dl = l != "dataLayer" ? "&l=" + l : ""; j.async = true; j.src = "https://gtm-server.healthline.com/gtm.js?id=" + i + dl; f.parentNode.insertBefore(j, f); })(window, document, "script", "dataLayer", "GTM-MB6365D"); </script><script> (function () {window.dataLayer.push({event: "ABConfig received", "ABConfig": {"activationReadNext":false,"experimentalRPM":"control","dcsCopayBestOffer":"control","dcsNativeCoupon":"control","dcsCopayOnly":"variant","adbridgFlag":false,"oneTrustCPRA":true,"moveImageGalleryBelowDeck":"control","dcsEditInfoSectionPlacement":"control","pillIdentifierNoDupes":"control"}})})() </script><script> (function () {window.dataLayer.push({event: "Tenant Received", "Tenant": "mnt"})})() </script><script> (function () {window.dataLayer.push({event: "TLDDomain Received", "TLDDomain": "medicalnewstoday.com"})})() </script><script> (function () {window.dataLayer.push({event: "appState Received", "appState": {"title":"HIV vs. AIDS: Differences and connections","canonical":"https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/316019","hrlContentId":"mnt-28117","isArticle":true,"isContentSeries":false,"canonicalPath":"/articles/316019","pageTemplate":"Tabbed Article","logMoreMetrics":true,"adsSponsored":false,"isCPUV":false,"newsletter":{"tags":"","categories":"blood,hiv-aids,infectious_diseases,sexual-health"},"isSponsoredArticle":false,"targeting":{"k1":"hivaids","k2":"infectious","k3":"health","kmeta":"","msiteactive":"false","url":"/articles/316019","articleId":"mnt-28117","adLayout":"REDUCED"},"hidePlacements":[],"categories":[{"name":"Blood / Hematology","slug":"blood","link":"/categories/blood","children":[]},{"name":"HIV and AIDS","slug":"hiv-aids","link":"/categories/hiv-aids","primary":true,"children":[]},{"name":"Infectious Diseases / Bacteria / Viruses","slug":"infectious_diseases","link":"/categories/infectious_diseases","children":[]},{"name":"Sexual Health / STDs","slug":"sexual-health","link":"/categories/sexual-health","children":[]}],"subcategories":[],"sponsoredNavMenu":false,"author":"Jayne Leonard","editor":"Maggie Brown","contentForm":"Non-Head Term","type":"healthfeature","vertical":"Chronic Condition","trackingTerms":[],"isPremiumVideo":false,"isStandaloneVideo":false,"isStandaloneRecipe":false,"hasDisabledPrerollJWPlayer":false,"isNewsArticle":false,"hasEmbeddedJWPlayer":false,"byline":{"authors":[{"id":953,"name":{"display":"Jayne Leonard","first":"Jayne","last":"Leonard"},"link":"/authors/jayne-leonard","type":{"value":"author","label":"Author"},"nid":"","specialties":[],"guestTitle":"","bio":{"text":"<p>Jayne is a qualified counselor and psychotherapist, and she holds a diploma in nutritional therapy. At present, she is completing a master’s degree in counselling and psychotherapy. She is passionate about the influence of diet and lifestyle on mental health and well-being. Through her work in both private and not-for-profit settings, she hopes to empower others to take charge of their lives and improve their physical and mental health.</p>\n"},"avatar":{"title":"","width":500,"height":500,"src":"https://post.medicalnewstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2020/06/500x500_Jayne_Leonard.png"}}],"medicalReviewers":[{"id":127,"name":{"display":"Daniel Murrell, M.D.","first":"Daniel","last":"Murrell, MD"},"userLogin":"Daniel.s.murrell","links":{"website":"","facebook":"","linkedin":"","twitter":"","instagram":"","tiktok":""},"type":{"value":"medical_reviewer","label":"Medical Advisor"},"nid":"137754","specialties":[],"guestTitle":"","bio":{"text":""},"avatar":{"title":"","width":200,"height":200,"src":"https://post.medicalnewstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/daniel-murrell.png"}}],"id":"mnt-28117","updateReason":[],"editor":"Maggie Brown","factCheckedBy":"","factCheckers":[],"articleHistory":[],"articleDates":{"factChecked":{"date":null,"display":""},"medicallyReviewed":{"date":1527764400,"display":"May 31, 2018"},"published":{"date":1527764400,"display":"May 31, 2018"},"lastUpdates":{"date":1527764400,"display":"May 31, 2018"},"modified":{"date":1720643324,"display":"July 10, 2024"}},"type":"healthfeature","language":"en"},"cesData":{"metaDescription":"What is the difference between HIV and AIDS? HIV is a virus that can be transmitted in various ways, through bodily fluids. With treatment, a person can live a long and normal life. However, without treatment, the body can become more susceptible to infection, and a syndrome known as AIDS can develop. Find out more.\r\n","title":"HIV vs. AIDS: Differences and connections","iab_tag_tier_1":[],"iab_tag_tier_2":[],"mpdTags":[{"confidence":0.9867193613451081,"type":"topic_level_1","value":"health"},{"confidence":0.9815735043795828,"type":"topic_level_2","value":"disease_risks_and_transmission"},{"confidence":0.9907520598518719,"type":"topic_level_3","value":"stis_and_stds"},{"confidence":0.8206571149514418,"type":"topic_level_4","value":"hiv_overview"},{"confidence":0.5839362313484117,"type":"entity","value":"hiv"}]},"relatedStories":[{"title":"Artificial sweetener may increase heart disease risk by triggering insulin surges","link":"https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/artificial-sweetener-triggers-insulin-spike-leading-to-blood-vessel-inflammation-in-mice","thumbnail":"https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2025/02/Artificial-sweetener-capsules-732x549-thumbnail.jpg","summary":"A common artificial sweetener may trigger insulin spikes that lead to the build up of fatty plaques in the arteries, increasing the risk of heart attacks and strokes, a new study in mice indicates."},{"title":"Drug for diabetes and kidney disease may also lower heart attack, stroke risks","link":"https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/drug-diabetes-kidney-disease-may-also-lower-heart-attack-stroke-risks","thumbnail":"https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2025/02/senior-man-sports-field-732x549-thumbnail.jpg","summary":"An FDA-approved medication already used to treat people who have type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease may also help lower their stroke and heart attack risk, a new study has found."},{"title":"A natural supplement may help people with a new type of heart disease","link":"https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/natural-supplement-tricaprin-may-help-people-new-type-heart-disease","thumbnail":"https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2025/02/supplement-heart-Stocksy_txp020705eecF5400_Medium_180947-Thumb.jpg","summary":"The supplement tricaprin, which is found in coconut or MCT oil, improved long-term survival for people with triglyceride deposit cardiomyovasculopathy, according to the results of a recent study."},{"title":"What's the latest on cholesterol, heart health, GLP-1 drugs, and more?","link":"https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/latest-news-cholesterol-heart-health-glp-1-drugs-more","thumbnail":"https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2025/02/news-roundup-20240218-732x549-thumbnail.jpg","summary":"This article showcases a curated list of standout studies over the last week on topics such as cholesterol, GLP-1 drugs for weight loss, and supplements for heart health. "},{"title":"Novel antibody could help prevent bone, muscle loss due to GLP-1 drugs","link":"https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/novel-antibody-help-prevent-bone-muscle-loss-glp-1-drugs-ozempic-wegovy","thumbnail":"https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2025/02/Losing-Weight-Stocksy_txpa5d8e252BD5400_Medium_938952-Thumb.jpg","summary":"Scientists have discovered an antibody treatment that may help prevent both muscle loss and bone density loss in people using GLP-1 drugs such as Ozempic and Wegovy after losing weight."}],"userPreloadDrivers":{"headerNewsletter":{"_driverPath":"/articles/316019","_contentIndex":"page","driverId":"ff4ad816-143d-4c2a-968c-ea480f595bfe","siteId":"40fa3d40-7108-11ea-a8fe-ab86e8b4e4d7","site":"mnt","status":"on","deleted":false,"overridePredictiveRPM":false,"created":"2022-12-19T15:45:12.000Z","updated":"2024-12-02T21:12:00.000Z","createdBy":"liallison@redventures.com","updatedBy":"eprater@rvohealth.com","isTest":true,"overridePredictiveRPMType":"none","sdapiTestName":"","rewardType":"","modelType":"","customModel":false,"holdout":"","imageMobile":"https://post.healthline.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/2ppuDefaultDesktop.jpg","color":"#8E0B0F","driverTypeId":"1ed6a315-4241-4254-92ae-17d0570ee038","sailthruAccount":"mnt","source":"menu_newsletter_link","titleOverride":"“You are my favorite medical source online”","callToAction":"Join us","id":"63422538-0caf-42be-8262-7835128de6ef","trackingNumber":39685,"adTagIds":["5bfa54a0-cb61-11ea-841d-230b5918b98d"],"articlePlacement":"headerNewsletter","image":"https://post.healthline.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/2ppuDefaultDesktop.jpg","secondarySubscriptionSubhead":"Other newsletters you won’t want to miss:","titleOverrideMobile":"“You are my favorite medical source online”","secondaryNewsletters":[],"descriptionModal":"Join the thousands who trust MNT for accurate, timely medical information. Our expert writers and medical professionals provide daily health news and insights. See why we’re the go-to source for savvy readers.","includeFeedbackStep":false,"driverType":"headerNewsletter","verticalId":"7b2406da-a0bd-42a6-95aa-7d6c6d2e0d75","verticalName":"MNT Daily","lists":["MNT Daily News"],"newsletterMeta":true,"name":"lifecycle_header_mnt_newsletter","imageDesktop":"https://post.healthline.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/2ppuDefaultDesktop.jpg","descriptionModalMobile":"","driverPlacementId":"d5b8e667-55c1-4a6d-b05d-728a1733109b","campaignName":"lifecycle_header_mnt_newsletter_39685","productId":"lifecycle_header_mnt_newsletter_39685","_uuid":"m5efb4991-ca0c-4bf4-bd3e-d543c5d57905mpd_headerNewsletter_ff4ad816-143d-4c2a-968c-ea480f595bfe","cpm":6.784762965001603e+307}},"travelerDisabledReasons":["Ineligible site (mnt)","User is located outside the US (SG)"]}})})() </script><script> (function () {window.dataLayer.push({event: "GDPR Consent Status Received", "isGdprFullConsentGranted": true})})() </script><script> (function () {window.dataLayer.push({event: "USP Consent Status Received", "hasBlockedTargetingCookies": false})})() </script><meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1" name="viewport"/><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:large"/><link rel="preload" href="https://assets.medicalnewstoday.com/fonts/proxima/v1/32A982_7_0.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin="anonymous"/><link rel="preload" href="https://assets.medicalnewstoday.com/fonts/proxima/v1/32A982_9_0.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin="anonymous"/><link rel="preload" href="https://assets.medicalnewstoday.com/fonts/proxima/v1/38C507_0_0.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin="anonymous"/><link href="https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/MNT-Periwinkle-White.png" rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/MNT-Periwinkle-White.png"/><link href="https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net" rel="preconnect" crossorigin="true"/><link href="https://ib.adnxs.com" rel="preconnect" crossorigin="true"/><link href="https://prebid.media.net" rel="preconnect" crossorigin="true"/><link href="https://tlx.3lift.com" rel="preconnect" crossorigin="true"/><link href="https://static.chartbeat.com" rel="preconnect" crossorigin="true"/><link href="https://adserver-us.adtech.advertising.com" rel="preconnect" crossorigin="true"/><style>@keyframes animation-b7n1on{0%{transform:rotate(0deg)}100%{transform:rotate(360deg)}}hr{box-sizing:content-box;height:0;overflow:visible}pre{font-family:monospace,monospace;font-size:1em}a{background-color:transparent;-webkit-text-decoration-skip:objects}a:active,a:hover{outline-width:0}abbr[title]{border-bottom:none;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline dotted}b,strong{font-weight:inherit}b,strong{font-weight:bolder}code,kbd,samp{font-family:monospace,monospace;font-size:1em}dfn{font-style:italic}small{font-size:80%}sub,sup{font-size:75%;line-height:0;position:relative;vertical-align:baseline}sub{bottom:-0.25em}sup{top:-0.5em}audio:not([controls]){display:none;height:0}svg:not(:root){overflow:hidden}button,input,optgroup,select,textarea{font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;line-height:1.15;margin:0}button,input{overflow:visible}button,select{text-transform:none}button,html [type="button"],[type="reset"],[type="submit"]{-webkit-appearance:button}button::-moz-focus-inner,[type="button"]::-moz-focus-inner,[type="reset"]::-moz-focus-inner,[type="submit"]::-moz-focus-inner{border-style:none;padding:0}button:-moz-focusring,[type="button"]:-moz-focusring,[type="reset"]:-moz-focusring,[type="submit"]:-moz-focusring{outline:1px dotted ButtonText}fieldset{border:1px solid #c0c0c0;margin:0 2px;padding:0.35em 0.625em 0.75em}legend{box-sizing:border-box;color:inherit;display:table;max-width:100%;padding:0;white-space:normal}progress{display:inline-block;vertical-align:baseline}textarea{overflow:auto}[type=checkbox],[type=radio]{box-sizing:border-box;padding:0}[type="number"]::-webkit-inner-spin-button,[type="number"]::-webkit-outer-spin-button{height:auto}[type="search"]{-webkit-appearance:textfield;outline-offset:-2px}[type="search"]::-webkit-search-cancel-button,[type="search"]::-webkit-search-decoration{-webkit-appearance:none}::-webkit-file-upload-button{-webkit-appearance:button;font:inherit}details,menu{display:block}summary{display:list-item}@font-face{font-family:'Proxima Nova';font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-display:swap;src:local('☺︎'),url('https://assets.medicalnewstoday.com/fonts/proxima/v1/32A982_7_0.woff2') format('woff2'),url('https://assets.medicalnewstoday.com/fonts/proxima/v1/32A982_7_0.woff') format('woff')}@font-face{font-family:'Proxima Nova';font-style:normal;font-weight:600;font-display:swap;src:local('☺︎'),url('https://assets.medicalnewstoday.com/fonts/proxima/v1/32A982_9_0.woff2') format('woff2'),url('https://assets.medicalnewstoday.com/fonts/proxima/v1/32A982_9_0.woff') format('woff')}@font-face{font-family:'Proxima Nova';font-style:normal;font-weight:700;font-display:swap;src:local('☺︎'),url('https://assets.medicalnewstoday.com/fonts/proxima/v1/32A982_1_0.woff2') format('woff2'),url('https://assets.medicalnewstoday.com/fonts/proxima/v1/32A982_1_0.woff') format('woff')}@font-face{font-family:'Proxima Nova Fallback';src:local('Arial');size-adjust:99%;ascent-override:80%}@font-face{font-family:'Proxima Nova';font-style:normal;font-weight:300;font-display:swap;src:local('☺︎'),url('https://assets.medicalnewstoday.com/fonts/proxima/v1/ProximaNova-Light.woff2') format('woff2'),url('https://assets.medicalnewstoday.com/fonts/proxima/v1/ProximaNova-Light.woff') format('woff')}@font-face{font-family:'Proxima Nova';font-style:normal;font-weight:900;font-display:swap;src:local('☺︎'),url('https://assets.medicalnewstoday.com/fonts/proxima/v1/ProximaNova-ExtraBold.woff2') format('woff2'),url('https://assets.medicalnewstoday.com/fonts/proxima/v1/ProximaNova-ExtraBold.woff') format('woff')}*{-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}*,*:before,*:after{box-sizing:inherit}:-moz-ui-invalid{box-shadow:none}html{box-sizing:border-box;text-size-adjust:100%;cursor:default;font-size:17px;line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:"Proxima Nova","Proxima Nova Fallback",sans-serif;color:#231f20}html,body{height:100%;width:100%;margin:0;overflow-anchor:auto}.sro{position:absolute;left:-10000px;top:auto;width:1px;height:1px;overflow:hidden}button{font-family:inherit;font-size:14px;line-height:16px}cite{font-style:inherit}figure{margin:0}form{margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0}h1,.h1{font-weight:900;font-size:32px;line-height:36px;margin-bottom:15px;margin-top:25px}h2,.h2{font-weight:bold;position:relative;clear:both;font-size:24px;line-height:30px;margin-bottom:15px;margin-top:30px}h3,.h3{font-weight:bold;clear:both;font-family:"Proxima Nova","Proxima Nova Fallback",sans-serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:20px;line-height:26px;margin-bottom:15px;margin-top:30px}h4{font-weight:bold;font-size:17px;line-height:26px;margin-bottom:15px;margin-top:20px;font-family:"Proxima Nova","Proxima Nova Fallback",sans-serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:18px;line-height:26px;margin-bottom:15px;margin-top:20px}hr{border:none;border-top:1px solid #dcdbdb;line-height:0;margin-bottom:20px;margin-top:30px}img{-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;user-select:none;max-width:100%}iframe{max-width:100%}li{font-size:17px;line-height:26px;margin-bottom:8px}ol.hl-long-line > li,ul.hl-long-line > li{margin-bottom:15px}p,.p{margin-bottom:20px;margin-top:20px;font-size:17px;line-height:26px}p a.content-link span.icon-hl-trusted-source-after,.p a.content-link span.icon-hl-trusted-source-after{display:inline-block;text-decoration:none}ul{list-style-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg width='10' height='10' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%3E%3Ccircle cx='5' cy='5' r='2.5' fill='%23000'/%3E%3C/svg%3E")}ul li > ul{list-style-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg width='10' height='10' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%3E%3Ccircle cx='5' cy='5' r='2.5' fill='%23FFF' stroke='%23000'/%3E%3C/svg%3E")}small{font-size:14px;line-height:20px}table{border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16px;line-height:24px}.__chrome{display:flex;flex-direction:column;min-height:100%}#__next{flex-grow:1}body:not(.user-is-tabbing) :focus{outline:none}body .aa-Panel{z-index:500}@font-face{font-family:'healthline';font-display:swap;src:local('☺︎'),url('https://assets.medicalnewstoday.com/_next/_static/nku3xo2nmvjomg==.woff') format('woff')}@font-face{font-family:'healthline-video';font-display:swap;src:local('☺︎'),url('https://assets.medicalnewstoday.com/_next/_static/mhze5frbrsgdxw==.woff') format('woff')}@font-face{font-family:'healthline-video-mobile';font-display:swap;src:local('☺︎'),url('https://assets.medicalnewstoday.com/_next/_static/bwpcf/z3fqxyxg==.woff') format('woff')}[class*="icon-hl"]::before,[class*="icon-hl"]::after{font-family:"healthline";font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;speak:none;line-height:1}[class*="icon-hlvideo-"]::before{font-family:"healthline-video"}[class*="icon-hlvideo-mobile-"]::before{font-family:"healthline-video-mobile"}.icon-hl-arrow-right::before{content:''}.icon-hl-circle-arrow::before{content:''}.icon-hl-circle-arrow-bold::before{content:''}.icon-hl-arrow-right-bold::before{content:''}.icon-hl-check::before{content:'u'}.icon-hl-check-thin::before{content:'p'}.icon-hl-chevron-left::before{content:''}.icon-hl-chevron-right::before{content:''}.icon-hl-circle-alert::before{content:'b'}.icon-hl-circle-heart::before{content:'t'}.icon-hl-circle-question::before{content:'q'}.icon-hl-circle-thumb-down::before{content:'r'}.icon-hl-circle-thumb-up::before{content:'s'}.icon-hl-close::before{content:'h'}.icon-hl-close-thick::before{content:''}.icon-hl-close-thin::before{content:'x'}.icon-hl-email::before{content:''}.icon-hl-facebook::before{content:'v'}.icon-hl-frown::before{content:''}.icon-hl-gallery::before{content:'y'}.icon-hl-logo-icon::before{content:'m'}.icon-hl-more::before{content:''}.icon-hl-instagram::before{content:''}.icon-hl-pinterest::before{content:'z'}.icon-hl-print::before{content:''}.icon-hl-reddit::before{content:''}.icon-hl-smile::before{content:''}.icon-hl-twitter::before{content:''}.icon-hl-flipboard::before{content:''}.icon-hl-sms::before{content:'{'}.icon-hl-trusted-source::before{content:''}.icon-hl-new-logo-icon::before{content:''}.icon-hl-ribbon::before{content:''}.icon-hl-star::before{content:''}.icon-hl-outbound-link::before{content:''}.icon-hl-linkedin::before{content:''}.icon-hl-youtube-new::before{content:''}.icon-hl-trusted-source-after::after{content:''}.icon-hl-ribbon-after::after{content:''}.icon-hlvideo-play-circle-after::after{content:''}.icon-hlvideo-back-10::before{content:''}.icon-hlvideo-minus::before{content:''}.icon-hlvideo-pause::before{content:''}.icon-hlvideo-play-circle::before{content:''}.icon-hlvideo-play-square::before{content:''}.icon-hlvideo-play::before{content:''}.icon-hlvideo-plus::before{content:''}.icon-hlvideo-replay::before{content:''}.icon-hlvideo-mobile-close::before{content:''}.icon-hlvideo-mobile-expand::before{content:''}.icon-hlvideo-mobile-loading::before{content:''}.icon-hlvideo-mobile-mute::before{content:''}.icon-hlvideo-mobile-pause::before{content:''}.icon-hlvideo-mobile-play::before{content:''}.icon-hlvideo-mobile-replay::before{content:''}.icon-hlvideo-mobile-unmute::before{content:''}@keyframes animation-hh42uh{0%{opacity:0;transform:translateY(-15%)}100%{opacity:1;transform:translateY(0)}}.css-4aeg3z{font-weight:300;font-size:22px;line-height:32px;margin:20px 0}.css-90fpmc{cursor:pointer;text-decoration:none;border-color:currentColor;color:#3D5191}.css-90fpmc:hover{color:#f0533a}.css-90fpmc:hover img,.css-90fpmc:hover .image{opacity:0.8}.css-90fpmc:hover svg{fill:currentColor}.css-90fpmc:active{color:#f0533a}.css-90fpmc.content-link{text-decoration:underline}.css-rwmw5v{display:block;text-align:center;font-size:0;line-height:0;outline:none;position:relative;-webkit-touch-callout:none;-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;user-select:none;z-index:0}.css-1jytyml{left:0;bottom:0;position:absolute}.css-13b3g0x{color:#767474;display:block;font-size:14px;line-height:20px;margin-bottom:5px;margin-top:5px;text-align:left;margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;padding:10px 20px;overflow-wrap:break-word;word-break:break-word;word-wrap:break-word}.css-13b3g0x a[href]{cursor:pointer;text-decoration:none;border-color:currentColor;color:#3D5191;color:inherit;text-decoration:underline}.css-13b3g0x a[href]:hover{color:#f0533a}.css-13b3g0x a[href]:hover img,.css-13b3g0x a[href]:hover .image{opacity:0.8}.css-13b3g0x a[href]:hover svg{fill:currentColor}.css-13b3g0x a[href]:active{color:#f0533a}.css-13b3g0x a[href].content-link{text-decoration:underline}.css-13b3g0x p{font-size:14px}.css-13b3g0x li{font-size:14px}.css-1p5qnda{margin:25px -20px;max-width:700px}.css-179ddaw{display:block;position:relative;padding-bottom:66.57142857142857%}.css-16pk1is{line-height:0}.css-18gsab6{cursor:pointer;text-decoration:none;border-color:currentColor;color:#3D5191;cursor:pointer;text-decoration:none;border-color:currentColor;color:#3D5191}.css-18gsab6:hover{color:#f0533a}.css-18gsab6:hover img,.css-18gsab6:hover .image{opacity:0.8}.css-18gsab6:hover svg{fill:currentColor}.css-18gsab6:active{color:#f0533a}.css-18gsab6.content-link{text-decoration:underline}.css-18gsab6:hover{color:#f0533a}.css-18gsab6:hover img,.css-18gsab6:hover .image{opacity:0.8}.css-18gsab6:hover svg{fill:currentColor}.css-18gsab6:active{color:#f0533a}.css-18gsab6.content-link{text-decoration:underline}.css-xqmvw1{cursor:pointer;text-decoration:none;border-color:currentColor;color:#3D5191;color:inherit}.css-xqmvw1:hover{color:#f0533a}.css-xqmvw1:hover img,.css-xqmvw1:hover .image{opacity:0.8}.css-xqmvw1:hover svg{fill:currentColor}.css-xqmvw1:active{color:#f0533a}.css-xqmvw1.content-link{text-decoration:underline}.css-2fdibo{cursor:pointer;text-decoration:none;color:inherit}.css-a10gts{display:flex;flex-direction:row;align-items:center;position:absolute;bottom:0;right:0}.css-1l95nvm{margin:0;padding:0}.css-zya54r{display:block;min-height:0px}.css-871rh7{position:relative;z-index:500;background-color:white;color:#231f20;border-bottom:1px solid #231f20}.css-m260rd{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;max-width:550px;width:calc(100vw - 40px)}.css-tqpz90{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;height:50px}.css-tqpz90 .logo{fill:white}.css-1w3ble7{display:flex;flex:0 0 75px}.css-cs3emt{display:flex;margin-right:14px}.css-x4xfyn{width:22px;height:14px;position:relative;background-color:transparent;border:none;height:14px;width:25px}.css-18a1afd{display:block;position:absolute;height:3px;width:100%;background:white;border-radius:3px;opacity:1;left:0;background-color:#231f20;height:3px;top:0;width:100%}.css-eafq96{display:block;position:absolute;height:3px;width:100%;background:white;border-radius:3px;opacity:1;left:0;background-color:#231f20;height:3px;top:50%}.css-14x00sv{display:block;position:absolute;height:3px;width:100%;background:white;border-radius:3px;opacity:1;left:0;background-color:#231f20;height:3px;top:100%;width:100%}.css-10aca47{display:flex}.css-gv8cz7{margin-top:1px;height:16px;fill:#231f20;z-index:10;transition:fill 0.2s}.css-1g6cesj{display:flex}.css-6qhv17{width:168px;height:14px;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center}.css-kg8ull{cursor:pointer;text-decoration:none;color:inherit;width:168px;height:14px;display:flex;width:100%;align-items:center}.css-yc5e1l{min-height:22px}.css-1wyiq3l{display:none;flex:1 0 auto}.css-1gj0gsa{cursor:pointer;text-decoration:none;border-color:currentColor;color:#3D5191;text-decoration:none}.css-1gj0gsa:hover{color:#f0533a}.css-1gj0gsa:hover img,.css-1gj0gsa:hover .image{opacity:0.8}.css-1gj0gsa:hover svg{fill:currentColor}.css-1gj0gsa:active{color:#f0533a}.css-1gj0gsa.content-link{text-decoration:underline}.css-1bdb0zy{padding-top:20px;border-top-width:0;border-top-color:#767474;border-top-style:solid}.css-1bdb0zy a{width:24px;height:24px;margin-left:0;margin-right:35px}.css-1bdb0zy a::before{font-size:24px;line-height:24px;text-align:center}.css-2sn1us{cursor:pointer;text-decoration:none;border-color:currentColor;color:#3D5191;display:inline-flex;text-decoration:none;width:20px;height:20px;color:#231f20;margin-right:30px;margin-left:0px}.css-2sn1us:hover{color:#f0533a}.css-2sn1us:hover img,.css-2sn1us:hover .image{opacity:0.8}.css-2sn1us:hover svg{fill:currentColor}.css-2sn1us:active{color:#f0533a}.css-2sn1us.content-link{text-decoration:underline}.css-2sn1us::before{font-size:20px}.css-2sn1us:last-child{margin-right:0}.css-pf8wg0{cursor:pointer;text-decoration:none;border-color:currentColor;color:#3D5191;display:inline-flex;text-decoration:none;width:20px;height:20px;color:#231f20;margin-right:25px}.css-pf8wg0:hover{color:#f0533a}.css-pf8wg0:hover img,.css-pf8wg0:hover .image{opacity:0.8}.css-pf8wg0:hover svg{fill:currentColor}.css-pf8wg0:active{color:#f0533a}.css-pf8wg0.content-link{text-decoration:underline}.css-pf8wg0::before{font-size:20px}.css-pf8wg0:last-child{margin-right:0}.css-1gdwmjx{cursor:pointer;-webkit-appearance:none;-moz-appearance:none;appearance:none;background:none;border:none;color:#767474;font-size:16px;text-transform:uppercase}.css-1gdwmjx:hover{color:#f0533a}.css-2dofw9{position:relative;display:none;align-items:center;min-width:40px;order:4}.css-2dofw9 svg{height:16px}.css-ifmqwy{position:relative;left:0;width:100%}.css-1wm8u43{position:fixed;z-index:1;top:0;left:0;right:0;opacity:1;transition:none;position:static;display:none;align-items:center;justify-content:center;height:130px;z-index:300;margin:0;padding-top:0;background:#f7f7f7;border-bottom:none;pointer-events:all}.css-1hjaa0k{position:fixed}.css-1jpwf16{display:block;justify-content:center}.css-1j2d96m{z-index:0;clear:both;position:relative;text-align:center}.css-1j2d96m::before{content:'ADVERTISEMENT';display:block;position:absolute;top:-20px;left:0;right:0;height:20px;font-size:9px;line-height:20px;-webkit-letter-spacing:1px;-moz-letter-spacing:1px;letter-spacing:1px;color:#bcbfc5}.css-1j2d96m:empty::before{display:none}.css-1j2d96m::before{text-align:center}.css-1j2d96m.css-1j2d96m{width:unset}.css-11egx89{align-items:flex-end;background:white;display:flex;justify-content:center;height:auto;padding-top:14px}.css-pdceuf{position:fixed;bottom:0;left:0;right:0;z-index:300}.css-1pr9u9e{cursor:pointer;text-decoration:none;border-color:currentColor;color:#3D5191;color:inherit;font-size:14px;line-height:16px;background:transparent;border-radius:1px;border-width:0;color:#231f20;padding:0;-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;user-select:none;position:absolute;right:0;top:-15px;width:30px;height:30px;border-radius:100%;color:#767474;background:white;z-index:1;font-size:13px}.css-1pr9u9e:hover{color:#f0533a}.css-1pr9u9e:hover img,.css-1pr9u9e:hover .image{opacity:0.8}.css-1pr9u9e:hover svg{fill:currentColor}.css-1pr9u9e:active{color:#f0533a}.css-1pr9u9e.content-link{text-decoration:underline}.css-1pr9u9e:active,.css-1pr9u9e:hover:not(:focus){outline:none}.css-1pr9u9e:active{color:#ec1d8f}.css-1pr9u9e::before{position:absolute;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;left:0;line-height:30px;text-align:center}.css-bcus5s{display:block;justify-content:center;min-height:50px;width:320px}.css-1fteite{z-index:0;clear:both;position:relative;text-align:center;display:block;min-height:50px;width:320px;padding-bottom:6px;z-index:1;height:auto}.css-1fteite::before{content:'ADVERTISEMENT';display:block;position:absolute;top:-20px;left:0;right:0;height:20px;font-size:9px;line-height:20px;-webkit-letter-spacing:1px;-moz-letter-spacing:1px;letter-spacing:1px;color:#bcbfc5}.css-1fteite:empty::before{display:none}.css-1fteite::before{pointer-events:none;line-height:9px;text-align:left;height:auto;max-width:330px;padding:0 5px;top:-10px;right:0;left:0;margin:auto}.css-1h1rean{display:block;justify-content:space-between;width:100%}.css-z468a2{width:100%;max-width:550px;position:relative;margin:0 auto}.css-1r4r6jy{display:flex;line-height:20px;align-items:center;flex-direction:row;font-weight:400;margin-bottom:20px;font-size:14px}.css-1q67gt9{flex:none;height:50px;width:50px;line-height:0;margin-right:20px;position:relative}.css-1edxg1f{border-radius:100%;overflow:hidden;background-color:#92A2C6}.css-20w1gi{clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;margin-top:30px;margin-bottom:30px;min-height:250px;width:300px;display:block}.css-1t05dkn{display:block;justify-content:center;min-height:250px;width:300px}.css-1sq15os{z-index:0;clear:both;position:relative;text-align:center;display:block;margin-left:-10px;margin-right:-10px;min-height:250px;width:300px}.css-1sq15os::before{content:'ADVERTISEMENT';display:block;position:absolute;top:-20px;left:0;right:0;height:20px;font-size:9px;line-height:20px;-webkit-letter-spacing:1px;-moz-letter-spacing:1px;letter-spacing:1px;color:#bcbfc5}.css-1sq15os:empty::before{display:none}.css-jyr0cb{background-color:#f7f7f7;clear:both;margin-bottom:25px;margin-top:25px;border-radius:0}.css-1kir5of{font-size:14px;color:#767474;clear:both;margin:20px 0}.css-5b5f7q{margin:25px 0 20px}.css-5b5f7q ul{padding:0}.css-5b5f7q ul li{list-style-image:none;display:inline-block;margin:0 20px 0 0;font-size:14px}.css-5b5f7q ul li a{color:#767474}.css-1xn3edc{margin-bottom:30px}.css-1vedeqe{margin-bottom:0;margin-top:20px;position:relative;opacity:0;top:-10px;transition:all 500ms cubic-bezier(0.165,0.84,0.44,1)}.css-1vedeqe cite{font-style:normal}.css-1vedeqe cite a{text-decoration:underline}.css-17lceqi{display:none;flex:none;margin-left:50px;width:300px}.css-npv6dx{border-bottom:8px solid #231f20}.css-19c5efk{display:flex;line-height:20px;align-items:center;flex-direction:row;font-weight:400;margin-bottom:20px;font-size:14px;padding-top:13px;margin-top:25px}.css-488q2e{display:block;justify-content:center;height:600px;display:flex}.css-1y1s420{z-index:0;clear:both;position:relative;text-align:center;display:none;margin-left:-10px;margin-right:-10px;margin-bottom:70px}.css-1y1s420::before{content:'ADVERTISEMENT';display:block;top:-20px;left:0;right:0;height:20px;font-size:9px;line-height:20px;-webkit-letter-spacing:1px;-moz-letter-spacing:1px;letter-spacing:1px;color:#bcbfc5}.css-1y1s420:empty::before{display:none}.css-1p5bah9{border-bottom:2px solid #231f20;border-top:8px solid #231f20}.css-120r23d{font-family:"Proxima Nova","Proxima Nova Fallback",sans-serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:32px;line-height:36px;margin:15px 0 15px 0}.css-rlaxw5{display:block;position:relative;padding-bottom:75%}.css-107m7zl{font-size:15px;line-height:18px;-webkit-letter-spacing:1px;-moz-letter-spacing:1px;letter-spacing:1px;text-transform:uppercase;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:24px;font-family:"Proxima Nova","Proxima Nova Fallback",sans-serif;font-size:20px;line-height:26px}.css-1lyqwde{left:0;bottom:0;top:0}.css-1767n2d{display:block}.css-1fb1nmp{width:100%;height:100%;position:absolute;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:center;top:0;left:0;z-index:0}.css-prb4v6{display:block;justify-content:center}.css-vhteyv{z-index:0;clear:both;position:relative;text-align:center;display:none;margin-left:-10px;margin-right:-10px;margin-bottom:0}.css-vhteyv::before{content:'ADVERTISEMENT';display:block;position:absolute;top:-20px;left:0;right:0;height:20px;font-size:9px;line-height:20px;-webkit-letter-spacing:1px;-moz-letter-spacing:1px;letter-spacing:1px;color:#bcbfc5}.css-vhteyv:empty::before{display:none}.css-ni3p9e{display:flex;line-height:20px;align-items:center;flex-direction:row;font-weight:400;margin-bottom:20px;font-size:14px}.css-ni3p9e 0{margin-top:15px;margin-bottom:15px;font-size:14px;color:#767474}.css-1pz7193{flex:none;height:35px;width:35px;line-height:0;margin-right:20px;position:relative}.css-1qhtj6x{cursor:pointer;text-decoration:none;border-color:currentColor;color:#3D5191;cursor:pointer;text-decoration:none;border-color:currentColor;color:#3D5191;cursor:pointer;text-decoration:none;border-color:currentColor;color:#3D5191}.css-1qhtj6x:hover{color:#f0533a}.css-1qhtj6x:hover img,.css-1qhtj6x:hover .image{opacity:0.8}.css-1qhtj6x:hover svg{fill:currentColor}.css-1qhtj6x:active{color:#f0533a}.css-1qhtj6x.content-link{text-decoration:underline}.css-1qhtj6x:hover{color:#f0533a}.css-1qhtj6x:hover img,.css-1qhtj6x:hover .image{opacity:0.8}.css-1qhtj6x:hover svg{fill:currentColor}.css-1qhtj6x:active{color:#f0533a}.css-1qhtj6x.content-link{text-decoration:underline}.css-1qhtj6x:hover{color:#f0533a}.css-1qhtj6x:hover img,.css-1qhtj6x:hover .image{opacity:0.8}.css-1qhtj6x:hover svg{fill:currentColor}.css-1qhtj6x:active{color:#f0533a}.css-1qhtj6x.content-link{text-decoration:underline}.css-i9gxme{flex-grow:1}.css-1ocfdvu{font-size:14px;background-color:#f7f7f7}.css-1dppxl0{margin-left:0;margin-right:0;max-width:none;width:100%;padding:40px 0}.css-1b2ri56{display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:center}.css-uktbta{width:100%;max-width:550px}.css-16bllps{font-weight:normal;font-size:14px;width:100%;padding:0 20px;color:#231f20}.css-1xx5q6{color:#231f20}.css-1xceiwh{display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between}.css-10ma15c{display:flex;flex-direction:row;justify-content:space-around;flex-wrap:wrap;max-width:max-content;margin-top:0}.css-lb03wr{display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:flex-start;list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0;font-family:inherit;color:inherit}.css-3gcukm{display:list-item;margin:0 0 20px;font-size:14px;line-height:20px;font-weight:bold}.css-en1nu6{cursor:pointer;text-decoration:none;border-color:currentColor;color:#3D5191;color:#231f20;font-weight:bold;display:inline-block;padding:4px 0;text-decoration:none}.css-en1nu6:hover{color:#f0533a}.css-en1nu6:hover img,.css-en1nu6:hover .image{opacity:0.8}.css-en1nu6:hover svg{fill:currentColor}.css-en1nu6:active{color:#f0533a}.css-en1nu6.content-link{text-decoration:underline}.css-en1nu6:hover{color:#f0533a}.css-yjay6q{-webkit-appearance:none;-moz-appearance:none;appearance:none;background:none;border:none;padding:4px 0;border-radius:0;color:#231f20;font-weight:bold;display:inline-block;text-decoration:none}.css-yjay6q:hover{color:#f0533a}.css-1us2gxx{background-color:#000000;width:100%;color:#dcdbdb;font-family:"Proxima Nova","Proxima Nova Fallback",sans-serif}.css-11upubx{margin-left:0;margin-right:0;max-width:none;width:100%;display:flex;flex-direction:column;justify-content:flex-end;align-items:center;padding:40px 0 50px}.css-6da01m{cursor:pointer;text-decoration:none;border-color:currentColor;color:#3D5191;display:inline-block;margin-right:0}.css-6da01m:hover{color:#f0533a}.css-6da01m:hover img,.css-6da01m:hover .image{opacity:0.8}.css-6da01m:hover svg{fill:currentColor}.css-6da01m:active{color:#f0533a}.css-6da01m.content-link{text-decoration:underline}.css-d2oo9m{display:flex;flex-direction:column;justify-content:flex-end}.css-s2uf1z{text-align:right}.css-si16g9{cursor:pointer;text-decoration:none;border-color:currentColor;color:#3D5191;text-decoration:underline;color:#dcdbdb;display:inline-block}.css-si16g9:hover{color:#f0533a}.css-si16g9:hover img,.css-si16g9:hover .image{opacity:0.8}.css-si16g9:hover svg{fill:currentColor}.css-si16g9:active{color:#f0533a}.css-si16g9.content-link{text-decoration:underline}.css-si16g9:after{display:inline-block;content:'|';margin:0 1rem;cursor:default}.css-si16g9:last-of-type{margin-right:0}.css-si16g9:last-of-type:after{display:none;margin-left:0}.css-si16g9:hover{color:#f0533a}.css-si16g9:hover:after{color:#dcdbdb}.css-huujs8{display:flex;flex-direction:column;flex-wrap:nowrap;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:center;margin-top:30px;margin-bottom:40px;line-height:20px}.css-1vtxghn{display:inline-block;font-size:14px;margin:0;padding:0;font-weight:bold;color:#dcdbdb;font-family:"Proxima Nova","Proxima Nova Fallback",sans-serif}.css-87xp{cursor:pointer;text-decoration:none;border-color:currentColor;color:#3D5191;text-decoration:underline;color:#dcdbdb;margin-right:0}.css-87xp:hover{color:#f0533a}.css-87xp:hover img,.css-87xp:hover .image{opacity:0.8}.css-87xp:hover svg{fill:currentColor}.css-87xp:active{color:#f0533a}.css-87xp.content-link{text-decoration:underline}.css-87xp:last-of-type{margin-right:0}.css-87xp:hover{color:#f0533a} @media(min-width:550px){.css-13b3g0x{padding-left:0;padding-right:0;padding-bottom:0}.css-1p5qnda{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}} @media(min-width:768px){h2.with-image-at-left{float:right}h2.with-image-at-right{float:left}h2.with-image-at-left,h2.with-image-at-right{width:calc(100% - 280px)}html{font-size:18px;line-height:1.44;}html,body{overflow-anchor:none;}h1,.h1{font-size:50px;line-height:54px;margin-bottom:30px;margin-top:30px;}h2,.h2{font-size:38px;line-height:42px;margin-top:45px;}h3,.h3{font-size:26px;line-height:30px;margin-bottom:20px;margin-top:35px;}h4{font-size:22px;margin-bottom:20px;margin-top:25px;}li{font-size:18px;}p,.p{margin-bottom:25px;margin-top:25px;font-size:18px;}.css-4aeg3z{font-size:28px;line-height:40px;margin:30px 0;}.css-1p5qnda{margin:30px auto;}.css-m260rd{max-width:989px;width:calc(100vw - 110px);}.css-tqpz90{height:70px;}.css-1w3ble7{flex:0 0 120px;}.css-cs3emt{margin-right:20px;}.css-x4xfyn{height:18px;width:34px;}.css-gv8cz7{height:20px;}.css-1g6cesj{align-items:center;justify-content:center;flex:1 0 auto;}.css-6qhv17{width:240px;height:20px;}.css-kg8ull{width:240px;height:20px;}.css-1bdb0zy{padding-top:30px;border-top-width:2px;}.css-2sn1us{margin-right:20px;}.css-pf8wg0{margin-right:20px;}.css-1wm8u43{display:flex;}.css-1jpwf16{min-height:90px;width:728px;}.css-1j2d96m{display:block;min-height:90px;width:728px;}.css-pdceuf{display:none;}.css-1fteite{display:none;}.css-z468a2{max-width:879px;}.css-1r4r6jy{margin-bottom:25px;font-size:16px;}.css-20w1gi{margin-top:40px;}.css-1sq15os{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;}.css-jyr0cb{margin-bottom:30px;margin-top:30px;}.css-19c5efk{margin-bottom:25px;font-size:16px;}.css-1y1s420{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;}.css-107m7zl{font-size:24px;}.css-vhteyv{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;}.css-ni3p9e{margin-bottom:25px;font-size:16px;}.css-16bllps{padding:0;}.css-10ma15c{max-width:375px;margin-top:44px;}} @media(min-width:990px){.css-m260rd{max-width:1100px;width:calc(100vw - 90px);}.css-1w3ble7{display:none;}.css-cs3emt{display:none;}.css-10aca47{display:none;}.css-1g6cesj{justify-content:normal;flex:0 1 auto;}.css-1wyiq3l{display:block;}.css-1bdb0zy a::before{font-size:30px;line-height:30px;}.css-1bdb0zy a{width:30px;height:30px;margin-right:50px;}.css-2dofw9{display:inline;align-items:normal;}.css-1h1rean{display:flex;}.css-z468a2{width:calc(100% - 350px);max-width:750px;}.css-1r4r6jy{display:none}.css-1q67gt9{height:75px;width:75px;}.css-20w1gi{display:none;}.css-1sq15os{display:none;}.css-17lceqi{display:block;}.css-488q2e{min-height:250px;width:300px;}.css-1y1s420{display:block;min-height:250px;width:300px;}.css-prb4v6{min-height:250px;width:300px;}.css-vhteyv{display:block;min-height:250px;width:300px;}.css-1dppxl0{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;max-width:1100px;width:calc(100vw - 90px);padding:60px 0;}.css-1b2ri56{flex-direction:row;align-items:flex-start;}.css-uktbta{width:50%;}.css-1xceiwh{align-items:flex-start;}.css-10ma15c{max-width:max-content;margin-top:0;}.css-11upubx{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;max-width:1100px;width:calc(100vw - 90px);flex-direction:row;padding:35px 0;}.css-6da01m{margin-right:auto;}.css-huujs8{flex-direction:row;margin-top:15px;margin-bottom:0;}.css-1vtxghn{margin:0 20px 0 0;}.css-87xp{margin-right:20px;}} @media(min-width:1190px){.css-20w1gi{min-height:90px;width:728px;display:block;}.css-1t05dkn{min-height:90px;width:728px;}.css-1sq15os{display:block;min-height:90px;width:728px;}} @media (max-width:320px){.css-1g6cesj{margin-right:5px}}</style> </head><body><noscript><iframe title="GTM-noscript" src="https://gtm-server.healthline.com/ns.html?id=GTM-MB6365D" style="display:none;visibility:hidden;width:0;height:0"></iframe></noscript><svg style="display:none"><defs><svg id="logo-mnt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="500" height="42" viewBox="0 0 500 42"><g fill="#3D5191" fill-rule="evenodd"><path fill-rule="nonzero" d="m479.387 40.187 3.07-.64c.961-.182 1.236-.365 1.236-.914V29.77l-8.933-13.66c-.458-.685-.64-.868-1.283-1.097l-1.282-.457v-1.37h11.407v1.37l-2.108.503c-.778.183-1.191.228-.733.914l7.146 10.965 6.367-10.828c.458-.777.092-.96-1.098-1.188l-2.016-.41v-1.326H500v1.325l-1.328.365c-.733.183-1.145.366-1.604 1.142l-8.107 12.884v9.731c0 .64.137.685 1.19.914l3.116.64v1.325h-13.88v-1.325zm-14.874-8.914-4.494-12.142-4.264 12.142h8.758zm-17.196 8.925 2.064-.498c.596-.136.917-.408 1.146-1.042l9.905-25.96H463l9.859 26.006c.183.497.55.86 1.145 1.041l1.606.453v1.314h-11.555v-1.314l2.43-.498c.78-.181 1.009-.453.733-1.178l-1.971-5.256h-10.134l-1.88 5.438c-.23.68.091.86.642.996l2.384.498v1.314h-8.942v-1.314zm-15.661-.194c6.027 0 10.045-4.843 10.045-12.838 0-6.442-2.466-12.564-10.684-12.564h-.96c-.913 0-2.283.274-2.967.594v24.306c.776.274 2.237.502 3.653.502h.913zm-13.607.182 2.511-.548c1.096-.228 1.233-.273 1.233-.913V16.018c0-.594-.137-.73-1.188-.96l-2.556-.548v-1.324h13.744c8.448 0 15.524 4.888 15.524 13.797 0 8.042-5.616 14.529-14.429 14.529h-14.84v-1.326zm-8.167-13.13c0-6.276-2.345-12.733-8.93-12.733-6.493 0-8.883 6.457-8.883 12.732 0 6.321 2.345 13.275 8.884 13.275 6.54 0 8.93-6.954 8.93-13.275zm-23.54 0c0-7.722 5.908-14.358 14.61-14.358 8.705 0 14.658 6.592 14.658 14.357 0 7.812-5.907 14.945-14.657 14.945-8.703 0-14.611-7.178-14.611-14.945zM356.249 39.61l4.216-.852c1.581-.328 1.779-.328 1.779-1.246V3.148h-2.306c-4.017 0-7.048.852-8.168 1.574-1.252 1.835-2.503 5.508-3.162 8.328h-1.779L347.29 0c1.318.525 3.624.852 6.06.852h26.154c1.382 0 4.413-.327 5.401-.786l.46 13.05h-1.844c-.592-2.82-2.042-6.559-3.162-8.33-2.436-1.442-4.48-1.638-7.509-1.638h-2.965v34.364c0 .918.199.918 1.713 1.246l4.348.852v1.902h-19.697V39.61z"></path><path d="M324.878 31.644h1.449c.374 1.9.934 4.477 1.868 6.241 1.075 1.312 2.57 2.577 5.328 2.577 3.831 0 5.981-2.306 5.981-5.516 0-3.166-1.962-4.568-4.532-5.608l-2.945-1.176c-4.205-1.673-6.682-3.979-6.682-7.958 0-4.567 4.533-7.506 9.906-7.506 2.758 0 4.767.723 6.262 1.537l.982-1.31h.981l.28 8.861H342.4c-.373-1.853-1.215-4.07-2.01-5.245-1.167-1.13-2.662-2.351-5.186-2.351-2.616 0-4.813 1.718-4.813 4.612 0 2.442 1.261 3.799 3.832 4.974l4.252 1.945c2.85 1.31 6.402 3.3 6.402 7.913 0 5.29-4.626 8.366-10.84 8.366-3.552 0-5.702-.678-7.151-1.357L326.093 42h-1.029c.14-1.674-.092-6.557-.186-10.356zM283.04 16.017c-.274-.73-.73-.868-1.413-1.096l-1.14-.41v-1.325h11.306v1.324l-2.188.503c-.911.228-1.14.319-.957.913l6.382 19.499 6.11-16.485-1.186-2.923c-.273-.73-.73-.913-1.322-1.096l-1.277-.41v-1.325h10.942v1.324l-2.052.503c-.866.228-.956.548-.729 1.141l6.884 19.134 6.474-19.134c.274-.776.045-.913-1.186-1.187l-2.188-.457v-1.324h8.89v1.324l-1.458.457c-.64.182-1.05.229-1.369 1.096L311.67 42h-2.096l-7.203-19.773L294.164 42h-2.142l-8.982-25.983zm-26.942 24.17 2.518-.548c1.1-.228 1.236-.273 1.236-.913V16.03c0-.64-.137-.73-1.19-.959l-2.564-.548V13.2h18.224c1.283 0 2.977-.274 3.664-.502l.824 9.086h-1.237c-.549-2.1-1.373-4.383-2.289-5.57-1.008-.64-3.663-1.37-6.549-1.37h-.411c-1.1 0-2.198.091-3.16.274v10.731h5.082c1.283-.776 2.382-2.832 2.61-4.248h.917V32.06h-.916c-.412-1.872-1.283-3.47-2.61-4.384h-5.082v11.919c1.007.137 1.922.319 3.846.319h1.053c1.785 0 4.625-.457 5.907-1.415.96-1.142 2.198-3.836 2.793-5.891H280l-1.327 8.905h-22.575v-1.325zm-37.1-32.408v22.53c0 2.495.263 5.649.395 6.896.131.854.33 1.183 1.184 1.314l5.332.789v1.904h-15.665v-1.904l3.95-.657c.854-.132 1.052-.46 1.184-1.314.066-1.314.394-4.467.394-6.963V4.626c0-1.05-.262-1.05-1.908-1.444l-3.225-.723V.489h11.453l23.367 29.162V11.523c0-2.759-.198-5.32-.396-6.765-.065-.788-.329-1.445-1.25-1.576l-5.332-.789V.488h15.665v1.905l-3.883.657c-.79.132-1.316.394-1.316 1.51-.066 1.38-.33 3.876-.33 6.832V42h-2.171L218.998 7.78z"></path><path fill-rule="nonzero" d="m185.9 40.187 2.455-.549c1.091-.228 1.227-.273 1.227-.914V16.018c0-.64-.136-.685-1.181-.913l-2.547-.594v-1.325h13.23v1.325l-3.046.594c-1 .182-1.182.32-1.182.913v21.748c0 2.055 2.091 2.146 3.501 2.146h.5c2.137 0 4.637-.594 5.82-1.416.91-1.142 1.864-2.924 2.455-4.432l.91-2.375h1.226l-2.09 9.823h-21.279v-1.325zm-11.631-8.914-4.495-12.142-4.263 12.142h8.758zm-17.196 8.925 2.064-.498c.596-.136.917-.408 1.146-1.042l9.905-25.96h2.568l9.858 26.006c.183.497.55.86 1.146 1.041l1.606.453v1.314H173.81v-1.314l2.43-.498c.78-.181 1.01-.453.734-1.178l-1.972-5.256H164.87l-1.88 5.438c-.23.68.091.86.641.996l2.385.498v1.314h-8.942v-1.314zm-26.829-12.804c0-8.637 6.772-14.696 15.878-14.696 2.791 0 5.354.406 7.596 1.402l.87-1.131h.96l.504 9.722h-1.236c-.411-1.944-1.373-5.155-2.288-6.376-1.19-1.086-3.248-2.17-6.27-2.17-7.595 0-10.157 6.556-10.157 12.977 0 7.914 4.027 13.296 9.518 13.296 2.609 0 4.896-1.04 6.132-1.9 1.007-.994 2.516-4.657 3.065-6.602h1.282l-1.556 8.41c-1.784.814-5.309 1.674-9.106 1.674-9.93 0-15.192-6.918-15.192-14.606zm-15.122 12.793 2.491-.549c1.087-.228 1.223-.273 1.223-.914V16.018c0-.64-.136-.685-1.177-.913l-2.537-.594v-1.325h12.683v1.325l-2.492.594c-1.042.228-1.222.274-1.222.913v22.706c0 .64.136.686 1.177.914l2.537.549v1.325h-12.683v-1.325zm-18.1-.183c6.027 0 10.045-4.843 10.045-12.838 0-6.442-2.466-12.564-10.685-12.564h-.958c-.914 0-2.283.274-2.968.594v24.306c.776.274 2.237.502 3.653.502h.913zm-13.607.182 2.511-.548c1.096-.228 1.233-.273 1.233-.913V16.018c0-.594-.137-.73-1.187-.96l-2.557-.548v-1.324h13.744c8.447 0 15.524 4.888 15.524 13.797 0 8.042-5.616 14.529-14.428 14.529h-14.84v-1.326zm-26.342.001 2.519-.548c1.098-.228 1.236-.273 1.236-.913V16.03c0-.64-.138-.73-1.191-.959l-2.564-.548V13.2h18.225c1.282 0 2.976-.274 3.663-.502l.824 9.086H78.55c-.55-2.1-1.374-4.383-2.289-5.57-1.008-.64-3.663-1.37-6.549-1.37H69.3c-1.099 0-2.198.091-3.159.274v10.731h5.082c1.283-.776 2.381-2.832 2.61-4.248h.916V32.06h-.916c-.412-1.872-1.282-3.47-2.61-4.384H66.14v11.919c1.007.137 1.923.319 3.846.319h1.053c1.786 0 4.626-.457 5.907-1.415.962-1.142 2.198-3.836 2.793-5.891h1.237l-1.328 8.905H57.073v-1.325zM0 39.417l4.455-.657c.983-.132 1.244-.92 1.376-1.842.066-1.315.328-3.287.328-6.311V4.701c0-1.118-.328-1.053-1.966-1.447L.785 2.465V.493h12.45l14.217 29.785L42.13.558h12.187V2.4l-3.67.92c-1.309.328-1.571.46-1.571 1.315v32.678c0 .921.196.986 1.703 1.315l3.604.79v1.906H36.56v-1.907l3.08-.723c1.507-.329 1.769-.46 1.769-1.38v-28.8L25.356 41.26h-.394L9.5 9.303v21.238c0 2.893.196 4.865.328 6.246 0 .855.196 1.775 1.113 1.907l4.652.723v1.907H0v-1.907z"></path></g></svg><svg id="icon-hamburger" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="40" height="25" viewBox="0 0 40 25"><path d="M38 3H2L0 2V1l2-1h36l1 1v1l-1 1zm0 11H2l-2-1v-1l2-1h36l1 1v1l-1 1zm0 11H2l-2-1v-1l2-1h36l1 1v1l-1 1z"></path></svg><svg id="icon-hamburger-menu" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="30" height="19" viewBox="0 0 30 19"><path d="M29.823 17.211c.236.38.236.864 0 1.244-.233.38-.663.589-1.1.537H1.276a1.136 1.136 0 0 1-1.1-.537 1.186 1.186 0 0 1 0-1.244 1.14 1.14 0 0 1 1.1-.537h27.447c.437-.051.867.158 1.1.537zm0-8.333c.236.38.236.864 0 1.244-.233.38-.663.589-1.1.537H1.276a1.138 1.138 0 0 1-1.1-.537 1.186 1.186 0 0 1 0-1.244c.234-.38.663-.589 1.1-.537h27.447c.437-.052.867.158 1.1.537zm0-8.333c.236.38.236.863 0 1.244a1.139 1.139 0 0 1-1.1.537H1.276a1.14 1.14 0 0 1-1.1-.537 1.186 1.186 0 0 1 0-1.244c.234-.38.663-.589 1.1-.537h27.447c.437-.052.867.157 1.1.537z"></path></svg><svg id="icon-search" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="40" height="40" viewBox="0 0 41 41"><defs><path id="a" d="M16.4 28a11.7 11.7 0 1 1 0-23.4 11.7 11.7 0 0 1 0 23.5zm22.9 8-9.8-10a16 16 0 0 0 3.2-9.6A16.3 16.3 0 0 0 1.7 9C-1.7 15.8.1 24 6 29a16.4 16.4 0 0 0 20.4.4l9.7 10a2.3 2.3 0 0 0 4-1 2.3 2.3 0 0 0-.8-2.2z"></path></defs><use xlink:href="#a" fill-rule="evenodd"></use></svg><svg id="icon-close" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="40" height="40" viewBox="0 0 40 40"><path d="M23.65 20 39 4.66A2.587 2.587 0 1 0 35.34 1L20 16.35 4.66 1A2.587 2.587 0 1 0 1 4.66L16.35 20 1 35.34A2.587 2.587 0 1 0 4.66 39L20 23.65 35.34 39A2.587 2.587 0 1 0 39 35.34z"></path></svg></defs></svg><div id="top-of-page"></div><div id="modal-host"></div><div class="__chrome"><div id="__next"><span class="css-zya54r"></span><div id="ZN_42F6O366pYyG3rg" data-testid="qualtrics-container"></div><div class="css-fdjy12"><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><div class="css-12wdr8u"><div id="site-header" data-testid="header-ux3" class="css-871rh7"><div class="css-m260rd"><div class="css-tqpz90"><div class="css-1w3ble7"><div class="css-cs3emt"><button type="button" class="css-x4xfyn" aria-pressed="false" aria-label="Main Menu" tabindex="0" data-testid="hamburger"><span style="transform:scale(1) translateY(0px)" class="css-18a1afd"></span><span style="transform:rotate(0deg)" class="css-eafq96"></span><span style="transform:rotate(0deg)" class="css-eafq96"></span><span style="transform:scale(1) translateY(0px)" class="css-14x00sv"></span></button></div><div class="css-10aca47"><svg viewBox="0 0 41 41" width="40" height="40" class="css-gv8cz7"><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-search"></use></svg></div></div><div class="css-1g6cesj logo-wrapper"><div class="css-6qhv17"><a class="css-kg8ull" data-event="|Global Header|Logo Click" data-element-event="INTERNAL LINK|HEADER|Any Page|GLOBAL HEADER|LOGO|false|" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/" data-testid="site-logo"><svg class="css-yc5e1l logo" viewBox="0 0 500 42"><title>Medical News Today</title><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#logo-mnt"></use></svg></a></div></div><div style="opacity:1" class="css-1wyiq3l"><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><ul role="menubar" class="css-142e5vg" data-testid="desktop-nav-bar"><li class="css-8pel1w" role="none"><button class="css-1ugtprl" role="menuitem" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="true" aria-label="Expand Health Conditions options" aria-controls="nav-panel-flyout" type="button" aria-expanded="false"><span>Health Conditions</span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="30" height="30" viewBox="0 0 30 30"><path d="M27.963 6.75 30 8.787l-1.018 1.018-12.964 12.963L15 23.787 1.018 9.805 0 8.787 2.037 6.75l1.018 1.018L15 19.713 26.945 7.768l1.018-1.018z"></path></svg></button><div style="display:none" aria-hidden="true"><div><h3>Health Conditions</h3><ul><li><a class="css-90fpmc" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/alzheimers-and-dementia">Alzheimer's & Dementia</a></li><li><a class="css-90fpmc" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/anxiety">Anxiety</a></li><li><a class="css-90fpmc" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/asthma-and-allergies">Asthma & Allergies</a></li><li><a class="css-90fpmc" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/program/investigating-atopic-dermatitis">Atopic Dermatitis</a></li><li><a class="css-90fpmc" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/breast-cancer">Breast Cancer</a></li><li><a class="css-90fpmc" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/cancer">Cancer</a></li><li><a class="css-90fpmc" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/cardiovascular-health">Cardiovascular Health</a></li><li><a class="css-90fpmc" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/coronavirus?correlationId=2b137d5a-dcfb-464e-9ea6-72c5a54b4e92">COVID-19</a></li><li><a class="css-90fpmc" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/diabetes">Diabetes</a></li><li><a class="css-90fpmc" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/environment-and-sustainability">Environment & Sustainability</a></li><li><a class="css-90fpmc" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/exercise-and-fitness">Exercise & Fitness</a></li><li><a class="css-90fpmc" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/eye-health">Eye Health</a></li><li><a class="css-90fpmc" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/headache-and-migraine">Headache & Migraine</a></li><li><a class="css-90fpmc" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/health-equity">Health Equity</a></li><li><a class="css-90fpmc" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/hiv-and-aids">HIV & AIDS</a></li><li><a class="css-90fpmc" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/human-biology">Human Biology</a></li><li><a class="css-90fpmc" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/leukemia">Leukemia</a></li><li><a class="css-90fpmc" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/LGBTQIA">LGBTQIA+</a></li><li><a class="css-90fpmc" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/mens-health">Men's Health</a></li><li><a class="css-90fpmc" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/mental-health">Mental Health</a></li><li><a class="css-90fpmc" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/multiple-sclerosis">Multiple Sclerosis (MS)</a></li><li><a class="css-90fpmc" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/nutrition">Nutrition</a></li><li><a class="css-90fpmc" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/parkinsons-disease">Parkinson's Disease</a></li><li><a class="css-90fpmc" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/program/a-deeper-look-at-psoriasis">Psoriasis</a></li><li><a class="css-90fpmc" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/program/beneath-the-surface-with-psoriatic-arthritis">Psoriatic Arthritis</a></li><li><a class="css-90fpmc" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/sexual-health">Sexual Health</a></li><li><a class="css-90fpmc" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/program/investigating-ulcerative-colitis">Ulcerative Colitis</a></li><li><a class="css-90fpmc" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/womens-health">Women's Health</a></li></ul></div></div></li><li class="css-8pel1w" role="none"><button class="css-1ugtprl" role="menuitem" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="true" aria-label="Expand Health Products options" aria-controls="nav-panel-flyout" type="button" aria-expanded="false"><span>Health Products</span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="30" height="30" viewBox="0 0 30 30"><path d="M27.963 6.75 30 8.787l-1.018 1.018-12.964 12.963L15 23.787 1.018 9.805 0 8.787 2.037 6.75l1.018 1.018L15 19.713 26.945 7.768l1.018-1.018z"></path></svg></button><div style="display:none" aria-hidden="true"><div><h3>Health Products</h3><a class="css-1gj0gsa css-s3rqk7" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/products-and-reviews"><span class="css-1ggvc7">All</span><span class="icon-hl-circle-arrow css-6a6zvz"></span></a><ul><li><a class="css-90fpmc" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/products-and-reviews/nutrition-and-fitness-products">Nutrition & Fitness</a></li><li><a class="css-90fpmc" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/products-and-reviews/vitamin-and-supplement-products">Vitamins & Supplements</a></li><li><a class="css-90fpmc" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/products-and-reviews/cbd-products">CBD</a></li><li><a class="css-90fpmc" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/products-and-reviews/sleep-products">Sleep</a></li><li><a class="css-90fpmc" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/products-and-reviews/mental-health-services-and-products">Mental Health</a></li><li><a class="css-90fpmc" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/products-and-reviews/at-home-testing-products">At-Home Testing</a></li><li><a class="css-90fpmc" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/products-and-reviews/mens-health-products">Men’s Health</a></li><li><a class="css-90fpmc" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/products-and-reviews/womens-health-products">Women’s Health</a></li></ul></div></div></li><li class="css-8pel1w" role="none"><button class="css-1ugtprl" role="menuitem" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="true" aria-label="Expand Discover options" aria-controls="nav-panel-flyout" type="button" aria-expanded="false"><span>Discover</span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="30" height="30" viewBox="0 0 30 30"><path d="M27.963 6.75 30 8.787l-1.018 1.018-12.964 12.963L15 23.787 1.018 9.805 0 8.787 2.037 6.75l1.018 1.018L15 19.713 26.945 7.768l1.018-1.018z"></path></svg></button><div style="display:none" aria-hidden="true"><div><h3>News</h3><ul><li><a class="css-90fpmc" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/news">Latest News</a></li></ul></div><div><h3>Original Series</h3><ul><li><a class="css-90fpmc" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/content-series/medical-myths">Medical Myths</a></li><li><a class="css-90fpmc" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/content-series/honest-nutrition">Honest Nutrition</a></li><li><a class="css-90fpmc" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/content-series/through-my-eyes">Through My Eyes</a></li><li><a class="css-90fpmc" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/content-series/new-normal-health">New Normal Health</a></li></ul></div><div><h3>Podcasts</h3><a class="css-1gj0gsa css-s3rqk7" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/in-conversation-podcast"><span class="css-1ggvc7">All</span><span class="icon-hl-circle-arrow css-6a6zvz"></span></a><ul><li><a class="css-90fpmc" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/brain-health-sleep-diet-3-health-resolutions-for-2025">Brain health, sleep, diet: 3 health resolutions for 2025</a></li><li><a class="css-90fpmc" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/5-things-everyone-should-know-about-menopause">5 things everyone should know about menopause</a></li><li><a class="css-90fpmc" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/3-lifestyle-changes-slow-down-type-2-diabetes-related-brain-aging">3 ways to slow down type 2 diabetes-related brain aging</a></li><li><a class="css-90fpmc" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/toxic-metals-tampons-arsenic-lead-should-you-be-worried#1">Toxic metals in tampons: Should you be worried?</a></li><li><a class="css-90fpmc" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/can-tattoos-cause-blood-or-skin-cancer">Can tattoos cause blood or skin cancer?</a></li><li><a class="css-90fpmc" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/in-conversation-can-we-really-outrun-the-grim-reaper">Can we really ‘outrun the Grim Reaper’?</a></li></ul></div></div></li><li class="css-8pel1w" role="none"><button class="css-1ugtprl" role="menuitem" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="true" aria-label="Expand Tools options" aria-controls="nav-panel-flyout" type="button" aria-expanded="false"><span>Tools</span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="30" height="30" viewBox="0 0 30 30"><path d="M27.963 6.75 30 8.787l-1.018 1.018-12.964 12.963L15 23.787 1.018 9.805 0 8.787 2.037 6.75l1.018 1.018L15 19.713 26.945 7.768l1.018-1.018z"></path></svg></button><div style="display:none" aria-hidden="true"><div><h3>General Health</h3><ul><li><a class="css-90fpmc" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/drugs">Drugs A-Z</a></li><li><a class="css-90fpmc" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/content-hubs">Health Hubs</a></li><li><a class="css-90fpmc" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/newsletter">Newsletter</a></li></ul></div><div><h3>Health Tools</h3><ul><li><a class="css-90fpmc" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/provider-near-me">Find a Doctor</a></li><li><a class="css-90fpmc" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323586">BMI Calculators and Charts</a></li><li><a class="css-90fpmc" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/327077">Blood Pressure Chart: Ranges and Guide</a></li><li><a class="css-90fpmc" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/316898">Breast Cancer: Self-Examination Guide</a></li><li><a class="css-90fpmc" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/sleep-calculator">Sleep Calculator</a></li></ul></div><div><h3>Quizzes</h3><ul><li><a class="css-90fpmc" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/science-fact-or-fiction-separating-ra-myths-from-facts#1">RA Myths vs Facts</a></li><li><a class="css-90fpmc" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/managing-blood-sugar-type-2-diabetes-quiz#1">Type 2 Diabetes: Managing Blood Sugar</a></li><li><a class="css-90fpmc" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/complementary-therapies-for-as-quiz#1">Ankylosing Spondylitis Pain: Fact or Fiction</a></li></ul></div></div></li><li class="css-8pel1w" role="none"><button class="css-1ugtprl" role="menuitem" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="true" aria-label="Expand Connect options" aria-controls="nav-panel-flyout" type="button" aria-expanded="false"><span>Connect</span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="30" height="30" viewBox="0 0 30 30"><path d="M27.963 6.75 30 8.787l-1.018 1.018-12.964 12.963L15 23.787 1.018 9.805 0 8.787 2.037 6.75l1.018 1.018L15 19.713 26.945 7.768l1.018-1.018z"></path></svg></button><div style="display:none" aria-hidden="true"><div><h3>About Medical News Today</h3><ul><li><a class="css-90fpmc" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/about">Who We Are</a></li><li><a class="css-90fpmc" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/process">Our Editorial Process</a></li><li><a class="css-90fpmc" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/about/content-integrity">Content Integrity</a></li><li><a class="css-90fpmc" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/about/conscious-language">Conscious Language</a></li></ul></div><div><h3>Find Community</h3><ul><li><a class="css-90fpmc" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.bezzybc.com/lp/2/?verzenio&utm_source=mnt&utm_medium=nav-bar-connect">Bezzy Breast Cancer</a></li><li><a class="css-90fpmc" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.bezzyms.com/?utm_source=mnt&utm_medium=nav-bar-connect">Bezzy MS</a></li><li><a class="css-90fpmc" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.bezzymigraine.com/?utm_source=mnt&utm_medium=nav-bar-connect">Bezzy Migraine</a></li><li><a class="css-90fpmc" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.bezzypsoriasis.com/?utm_source=mnt&utm_medium=nav-bar-connect">Bezzy Psoriasis</a></li></ul></div><div><h3>Follow Us</h3><div role="menu" class="css-1bdb0zy"><a class="icon-hl-facebook css-2sn1us" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" data-event="|social channel footer click|Facebook channel icon clicked" href="https://www.facebook.com/MedicalNewsToday/" aria-label="Visit our Facebook page"></a><a class="icon-hl-twitter css-pf8wg0" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" data-event="|social channel footer click|Twitter channel icon clicked" href="https://twitter.com/mnt" aria-label="Visit our Twitter page"></a><a class="icon-hl-instagram css-pf8wg0" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" data-event="|social channel footer click|Instagram channel icon clicked" href="https://www.instagram.com/medicalnewstoday/" aria-label="Visit our Instagram page"></a><a class="icon-hl-linkedin css-pf8wg0" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" data-event="|social channel footer click|LinkedIn channel icon clicked" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/mednewstoday/?originalSubdomain=ec" aria-label="Visit our LinkedIn page"></a><a class="icon-hl-flipboard css-pf8wg0" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" data-event="|social channel footer click|Flipboard channel icon clicked" href="https://flipboard.com/@MedNewsToday" aria-label="Visit our Flipboard page"></a></div></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="css-12qvns3"><button aria-label="Click to Subscribe to our Newsletter" id="newsletter-subscription-button" data-test-id="newsletter-subscribe-button" aria-haspopup="dialog" class="css-1gdwmjx"><span class="css-1wdo63k">Subscribe</span></button></div><div class="css-2dofw9"></div></div></div></div><div class="css-ifmqwy"></div></div><div class="css-4a7tih"><aside class="css-1wm8u43" data-testid="header-leaderboard" data-sticky="true"><div data-empty="true" class="css-1j2d96m"><div class="css-1hjaa0k"><span class="css-zya54r"></span></div><div id="dlb1__slot" data-adbridg-ad-class="dlb1" data-ad="true" class="css-1jpwf16"></div></div></aside></div><aside data-testid="mobile-leaderboard" class="css-pdceuf"><div class="css-11egx89"><button class="icon-hl-close-thick css-1pr9u9e"></button><div data-empty="true" class="css-1fteite"><div class="css-1hjaa0k"><span class="css-zya54r"></span></div><div id="mlb1__slot" data-adbridg-ad-class="mlb1" data-ad="true" class="css-bcus5s"></div></div></div></aside><div data-placement="subheader"></div><div><div class="css-m260rd"><div data-article-body="0" class="css-1h1rean css-1kdolwm"><div class="css-z468a2"><div class="css-1xaekgw"><p class="css-1j0o3lg">We include products we think are useful for our readers. If you buy through links on this page, we may earn a small commission. <a href="/about/brand-and-product-vetting" class="css-1xhs5eu">Here’s our process</a></p></div><h1>HIV vs. AIDS: What is the difference?</h1><div data-preamp="social-proof-lessons"></div><div data-testid="byline"><section data-testid="byline" class="css-1r4r6jy"><div class="css-1q67gt9"><div class="css-1edxg1f"><img src="//i0.wp.com/post.medicalnewstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/daniel-murrell.png?w=105&h=105" alt=""/></div></div><div><span><span><a class="css-90fpmc css-ro87dg" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Medically reviewed</a> by <a class="css-90fpmc css-ro87dg" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Daniel Murrell, M.D.</a></span></span> — <span><span><span><span>Written by <a class="css-90fpmc css-ro87dg" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Jayne Leonard</a></span></span></span></span> <span> on May 31, 2018</span></div></section></div><div><nav class="css-wp9hsz" id="tab-bar-0" data-testid="tab-bar"><ul class="css-wy0i0w"><li class="css-gc7rbi"><a href="#how does HIV lead to AIDS" class="css-1qfr3bt">How is HIV different from AIDS?</a></li><li class="css-gc7rbi"><a href="#causes of HIV and AIDS" class="css-1qfr3bt">Causes</a></li><li class="css-gc7rbi"><a href="#symptoms of HIV and AIDS" class="css-1qfr3bt">Symptoms</a></li><li class="css-gc7rbi"><a href="#testing and diagnosis" class="css-1qfr3bt">Diagnosis</a></li><li class="css-gc7rbi"><a href="#treatment" class="css-1qfr3bt">Treatment</a></li><li class="css-gc7rbi"><a href="#hiv prevention" class="css-1qfr3bt">Prevention</a></li></ul></nav><article class="article-body css-d2znx6 undefined"><div data-testid="tabbed-article-section" class="css-1wape1s"><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><div><div><p class="css-4aeg3z">HIV infection and AIDS are not the same condition, and they are not the same diagnosis. </p></div></div><div><p><a href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/17131.php" title="Explaining HIV and AIDS" class="content-link css-90fpmc keywords">HIV</a> is a virus that attacks a type of white blood cell called a CD4 cell in the body’s immune system.</p></div><div><div data-preamp="serena-chatbot"></div></div><div><p>It reduces the body’s ability to fight infection and illness. The body can fight off many viruses, but some of them can never be completely removed once they are present. HIV is one of these.</p></div><div><p>However, treatment with antiretroviral therapy can minimize the effect of the virus by slowing or halting its progression. Treatment can now reduce the amount of virus in the bloodstream to levels where it is no longer detectable. This means the body remains healthy, and the virus cannot be transmitted. </p></div><div><p><a href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/17131.php" title="Explaining HIV and AIDS" class="content-link css-90fpmc keywords">AIDS</a> is a syndrome, or range of symptoms, that may develop in time in a person with HIV who does not receive treatment. A person can have HIV without developing AIDS, but it is not possible to have AIDS without first having HIV. </p></div><div class="css-20w1gi"><aside class="css-0 css-0" data-testid="sticky-inline-ad" data-sticky="false"><div><div data-empty="true" class="css-1sq15os"><div class="css-1hjaa0k"><span class="css-zya54r"></span></div><div id="inline2__slot" data-adbridg-ad-class="inline2__slot" data-ad="true" class="css-1t05dkn"></div></div></div></aside></div></div><div data-testid="tabbed-article-section" class="css-1avyp1d"><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><div><h2><div><a class="chartbeat-section" name="how does HIV lead to AIDS">How is HIV different from AIDS?</a></div></h2></div><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><div><div><figure class="css-1p5qnda"><span class="css-rwmw5v"><span class="css-179ddaw"><picture class="css-16pk1is"><source srcSet="//i0.wp.com/cdn-prod.medicalnewstoday.com/content/images/articles/316/316019/hiv-blood-sample.jpg?w=1575 750w" media="(min-width: 1190px)"/><source srcSet="//i0.wp.com/cdn-prod.medicalnewstoday.com/content/images/articles/316/316019/hiv-blood-sample.jpg?w=1575 750w" media="(min-width: 990px)"/><source srcSet="//i0.wp.com/cdn-prod.medicalnewstoday.com/content/images/articles/316/316019/hiv-blood-sample.jpg?w=1845 879w" media="(min-width: 768px)"/><img src="//i0.wp.com/cdn-prod.medicalnewstoday.com/content/images/articles/316/316019/hiv-blood-sample.jpg?w=1155&h=978" alt="HIV blood sample" class="css-1jytyml"/></picture></span><hl-share-overlay class="css-1mqo1cs"><a class="css-90fpmc icon-hl-pinterest css-by55vd" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" data-event="Any Page|Image Pinterest Click|Icon Clicked" data-element-event="OPEN|CONTENTBLOCK|Any Page|Article Body|BUTTON|Image Widget Pinterest Click|" href="https://www.pinterest.com/pin/create/button/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalnewstoday.com%2Farticles%2F316019&media=https%3A%2F%2Fcdn-prod.medicalnewstoday.com%2Fcontent%2Fimages%2Farticles%2F316%2F316019%2Fhiv-blood-sample.jpg&description=HIV%20vs.%20AIDS%3A%20Differences%20and%20connections" title="Share on Pinterest" data-pin-custom="true" data-share-url="https://cdn-prod.medicalnewstoday.com/content/images/articles/316/316019/hiv-blood-sample.jpg"><span class="css-z1zfa">Share on Pinterest</span></a></hl-share-overlay></span><figcaption class="css-13b3g0x">AIDS can only develop after having HIV, but not everyone with HIV will develop AIDS.</figcaption></figure></div></div><div><p>People who follow an effective treatment regimen are unlikely ever to develop AIDS.</p></div><div><p>Left untreated, however, HIV continues to damage the immune system.</p></div><div><p>This increases the risk of developing an opportunistic infection or health condition. Some of these conditions can be life-threatening.</p></div><div><h3>Opportunistic infections and diseases</h3></div><div><p>The <hl-trusted-source source="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)" rationale="Governmental authority"><a href="https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/livingwithhiv/opportunisticinfections.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-90fpmc">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)</a></hl-trusted-source> define opportunistic infections as “infections that occur more frequently and are more severe in individuals with weakened immune systems.”</p></div><div><p>Examples of opportunistic infections and other diseases that can develop in those with HIV include:</p></div><div><ul><li><a class="content-link css-90fpmc keywords" title="What is Cancer?" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/info/cancer-oncology/">cancers</a>, such as invasive <a class="content-link css-90fpmc keywords" title="What you need to know about cervical cancer" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/159821.php">cervical cancer</a>, <a class="content-link css-90fpmc keywords" title="What is Lung Cancer?" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/info/lung-cancer/">lung cancer</a>, <a class="content-link css-90fpmc keywords" title="What is Kaposi sarcoma?" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/173259.php">Kaposi’s sarcoma</a>, carcinomas, and <a class="content-link css-90fpmc keywords" title="What to know about lymphoma" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/146136.php">lymphomas</a></li><li><a class="content-link css-90fpmc keywords" title="What you need to know about a yeast infection" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/151172.php">candidiasis</a>, a fungal infection of the throat or lungs</li><li><a class="content-link css-90fpmc keywords" title="Everything you need to know about cytomegalovirus" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/173811.php">cytomegalovirus</a>, a viral infection that can cause blindness and other complications</li><li>pneumocystis <a class="content-link css-90fpmc keywords" title="What you should know about pneumonia" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/151632.php">pneumonia</a>, a fungal form of pneumonia that can be fatal</li><li>toxoplasmosis, a parasitic infection of the brain</li><li><a class="content-link css-90fpmc keywords" title="All you need to know about tuberculosis" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/8856.php">tuberculosis</a> (TB), a bacterial infection of the lungs</li><li>cryptococcosis, a fungal infection that can lead to pneumonia</li></ul></div><div><p>There may also be co-infections, which is when two infections tend to occur together, <hl-trusted-source source="PubMed Central" rationale="Highly respected database from the National Institutes of Health"><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3697435/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-90fpmc">for example</a></hl-trusted-source>, TB and cryptococcal disease, or <a href="http://www.hivscotland.com/about-hiv/living-with-hiv/treatment/co-infection/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-90fpmc">a combination of</a> TB, <a class="content-link css-90fpmc keywords" title="Everything you need to know about hepatitis B" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/306288.php">hepatitis B</a>, and <a class="content-link css-90fpmc keywords" title="Everything you need to know about hepatitis C" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/294705.php">hepatitis C</a>.</p></div><div><h3>AIDS: Stage 3 of HIV infection</h3></div><div><p>AIDS is the final stage (stage 3) of HIV infection. It is diagnosed based on a CD4 cell count or the development of one or more opportunistic infections. Stage 1 is the acute stage of HIV and stage 2 is the clinical latency stage. More information on these two stages is included later in the article.</p></div><div><p>The CD4 cell count in healthy individuals ranges from 500 to 1,600 cells per cubic millimeter of blood (cells/mm<sup>3</sup>). According to AIDS.gov, those with HIV are considered to have developed AIDS when their CD4 cell count drops to under <a href="https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/starting-hiv-care/getting-ready-for-your-first-visit/what-to-expect-at-your-first-hiv-care-visit" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-90fpmc">200 cells/mm<sup>3</sup></a>.</p></div><div><p>Without medical treatment, AIDS typically develops <hl-trusted-source source="PubMed Central" rationale="Highly respected database from the National Institutes of Health"><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4818110/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-90fpmc">between 2 and 15 years</a></hl-trusted-source> after contracting the HIV virus.</p></div><div><p>The rate at which the virus progresses depends on many factors, including the patient’s age, general health, genetics, the presence of other infections, and standard of health care.</p></div><div><p>Some people with the HIV virus will never develop AIDS. Those who use medication are unlikely ever to have it.</p></div><div><h3>What does undetectable mean?</h3></div><div><p>Current treatment can reduce levels of the HIV virus to the extent that levels of virus in the blood are too low to be significant. These levels are <a class="content-link css-90fpmc sl" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/undetectable-hiv" data-revision="1c807248fdac2bd96f90323b00f87ad5">undetectable</a>.</p></div><div><p><strong>While the virus is undetectable, it does not affect the person’s daily life, and it will not necessarily shorten their lifespan. At this point, the virus is also untransmittable. It cannot be passed on to another person. </strong></p></div><div><p>If a person seeks treatment in the early stages and follows it throughout their life, they can usually expect to live <a href="https://www.nhs.uk/chq/Pages/3106.aspx?CategoryID=118&SubCategoryID=126" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-90fpmc">as long as</a> a person without HIV.</p></div><div><div id="widget_call_out_c6129f35-b785-4219-b6d5-78e8c88dd1e6" class="css-jyr0cb"><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><div class="css-11m4ja7"><div class="css-xqvouu"><h3 class="css-b9vh1e">HIV and AIDS resources</h3><div class="css-1hpp2pt"><p class="standout--body">For more in-depth information and resources on HIV and AIDS, visit our <a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/hiv-and-aids" target="_blank" class="content-link css-90fpmc">dedicated hub</a>.</p></div></div></div><div class="css-1uwjw6e"><div></div><div></div></div></div></div></div><div data-testid="tabbed-article-section" class="css-1avyp1d"><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><div><h2><div><a class="chartbeat-section" name="causes of HIV and AIDS">Causes of HIV and AIDS</a></div></h2></div><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><div><div><figure class="css-1p5qnda"><span class="css-rwmw5v"><span class="css-179ddaw"><lazy-image alt="Man and woman in bed holding a condom" src="//i0.wp.com/cdn-prod.medicalnewstoday.com/content/images/articles/316/316019/man-and-woman-in-bed-holding-a-condom.jpg?w=1155&h=978" srcSet="//i0.wp.com/cdn-prod.medicalnewstoday.com/content/images/articles/316/316019/man-and-woman-in-bed-holding-a-condom.jpg?w=1845 879w,//i0.wp.com/cdn-prod.medicalnewstoday.com/content/images/articles/316/316019/man-and-woman-in-bed-holding-a-condom.jpg?w=1575 750w,//i0.wp.com/cdn-prod.medicalnewstoday.com/content/images/articles/316/316019/man-and-woman-in-bed-holding-a-condom.jpg?w=1575 750w" className="css-1jytyml"></lazy-image></span><hl-share-overlay class="css-1mqo1cs"><a class="css-90fpmc icon-hl-pinterest css-by55vd" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" data-event="Any Page|Image Pinterest Click|Icon Clicked" data-element-event="OPEN|CONTENTBLOCK|Any Page|Article Body|BUTTON|Image Widget Pinterest Click|" href="https://www.pinterest.com/pin/create/button/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalnewstoday.com%2Farticles%2F316019&media=https%3A%2F%2Fcdn-prod.medicalnewstoday.com%2Fcontent%2Fimages%2Farticles%2F316%2F316019%2Fman-and-woman-in-bed-holding-a-condom.jpg&description=HIV%20vs.%20AIDS%3A%20Differences%20and%20connections" title="Share on Pinterest" data-pin-custom="true" data-share-url="https://cdn-prod.medicalnewstoday.com/content/images/articles/316/316019/man-and-woman-in-bed-holding-a-condom.jpg"><span class="css-z1zfa">Share on Pinterest</span></a></hl-share-overlay></span><figcaption class="css-13b3g0x"> HIV may be transmitted in a number of ways such as through unprotected sex and during childbirth.</figcaption></figure></div></div><div><p> AIDS was <hl-trusted-source source="PubMed Central" rationale="Highly respected database from the National Institutes of Health"><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3234451/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-90fpmc">first recognized</a></hl-trusted-source> as a distinct condition in 1981. </p></div><div><p>Health workers started noticing that an unusual number of opportunistic infections and cancers appeared to be affecting particular groups of people.</p></div><div><p>Once people had the virus, their immunity to certain diseases would decrease over time, and the syndrome, AIDS, would develop.</p></div><div><p>The cause of the problem was traced back to a retrovirus, the human immunodeficiency virus, HIV-1.</p></div><div><p>HIV-1 is transmitted between humans through the exchange of bodily fluids.</p></div><div><p>This can happen through: </p></div><div><ul><li><strong>Sexual contact</strong>: HIV <hl-trusted-source source="PubMed Central" rationale="Highly respected database from the National Institutes of Health"><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3234451/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-90fpmc">can be passed</a></hl-trusted-source> from one person to another through <a class="content-link css-90fpmc sl" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/sex-with-no-condom" data-revision="1c807248fdac2bd96f90323b00f87ad5">condomless</a> oral, anal, or vaginal intercourse, if one partner has HIV levels in their blood that are detectable, in other words, above 200 copies per milliliter.</li><li><strong>Pregnancy or childbirth</strong>: A mother who has the HIV virus, or who has developed AIDS, may pass the virus to her child during pregnancy, childbirth, or even through breast-feeding.</li><li><strong>Blood transfusion</strong>: Nowadays, the risk of passing on the virus in this way is extremely low in developed countries, because there are strict screening systems.</li><li><strong>Syringe and needle use</strong>: Sharing equipment for injecting drugs with others increases the chance of getting the virus.</li></ul></div><div><p>Those who need to take special precautions include:</p></div><div><ul><li>anyone who deals with needles or injects medication or other drugs</li><li>health workers who deal with sharps</li><li>those who give and receive tattoos and piercings</li></ul></div><div><p>It is essential to follow specific guidelines when using and disposing of needles and other sharp objects that may pierce the skin.</p></div><div><h3>PrEP can offer protection</h3></div><div><p>People who do not have HIV but who are at risk of contracting the virus <hl-trusted-source source="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)" rationale="Governmental authority"><a href="https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/risk/prep/index.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-90fpmc">can protect themselves</a></hl-trusted-source> through pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP).</p></div><div><p>Under the brand name Truvuda, this pill contains two medications — tenofovir and emtricitabine — that can stop the virus from taking hold, even if exposure occurs.</p></div><div><p>According to the CDC, consistent use of PrEP can reduce the chance of infection by up to 92 percent.</p></div><div><p>According to the <a href="https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/Page/Document/RecommendationStatementFinal/prevention-of-human-immunodeficiency-virus-hiv-infection-pre-exposure-prophylaxis" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-90fpmc">2019 guidelines</a> from the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, only people with a recent negative HIV test result are suitable candidates for PrEP. Those with a high risk of HIV should take PrEP once per day.</p></div><span class="css-zya54r"></span></div><div data-testid="tabbed-article-section" class="css-1avyp1d"><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><div><h2><div><a class="chartbeat-section" name="symptoms of HIV and AIDS">Symptoms of HIV and AIDS</a></div></h2></div><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><div><p> The symptoms of HIV vary widely. They depend on the individual, management of the virus, and the stage of the condition. </p></div><div><h3>Acute stage symptoms</h3></div><div><p> In the first stage of HIV, 2 to 4 weeks after getting the virus, people can experience flu-like symptoms including: </p></div><div><ul><li>aching muscles</li><li>chills</li><li><a href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/248002.php" title="Fatigue: Why am I so tired and what can I do about it?" class="content-link css-90fpmc keywords">fatigue</a></li><li><a href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/168266.php" title="Fever: What you need to know" class="content-link css-90fpmc keywords">fever</a></li><li>mouth ulcers</li><li><a class="content-link css-90fpmc sl" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/hiv-night-sweats" data-revision="1c807248fdac2bd96f90323b00f87ad5">night sweats</a></li><li>rashes</li><li><a href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/155412.php" title="Strep throat: Causes, diagnosis, and treatments" class="content-link css-90fpmc keywords">sore throat</a></li><li><a class="content-link css-90fpmc sl" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/316336" data-revision="1c807248fdac2bd96f90323b00f87ad5">swollen lymph nodes</a></li></ul></div><div><p>Not everyone with HIV will experience these symptoms. Some people do not experience symptoms for 10 years or more. </p></div><div><h3>Clinical latency stage symptoms</h3></div><div><p> During stage 2, the virus is active but reproduces at very low levels. At this stage, there may be only mild symptoms, or none at all. </p></div><div><p> Medication can help stop the virus from progressing and keep it in this stage. It can reduce the levels of the virus so that they are undetectable, cannot be passed on, and have no impact on the person’s health. </p></div><div><h3>AIDS symptoms</h3></div><div><p> AIDS is different from HIV, and it is a distinct diagnosis, although it is considered to be the third and final stage of the virus.</p></div><div><p>It happens because the immune system becomes susceptible to a range of infections.</p></div><div><p>Symptoms at this stage are related to the various infections that may develop. They can vary greatly. </p></div><div><p>Some of the more common symptoms include: </p></div><div><ul><li>blotches under the skin or in the mouth and nose</li><li>blurred vision</li><li>chronic <a href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/158634.php" title="What you should know about diarrhea" class="content-link css-90fpmc keywords">diarrhea</a></li><li>continuous swelling of the lymph glands</li><li>extreme fatigue</li><li>fever that keeps returning</li><li>neurological issues including memory loss</li><li>pneumonia</li><li>rapid weight loss</li><li>sores in the mouth, anus, or genitals</li></ul></div><div><p>The symptoms associated with AIDS vary widely, and a diagnosis cannot be made on this basis. Tests will be needed to make a formal diagnosis. </p></div></div><div data-testid="tabbed-article-section" class="css-1avyp1d"><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><div><h2><div><a class="chartbeat-section" name="testing and diagnosis">Diagnosis</a></div></h2></div><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><div><p>The symptoms alone cannot show that a person has either HIV or AIDS. This is because they vary widely and they can also be a sign of other conditions.</p></div><div><h3>Diagnosis of HIV</h3></div><div><div><figure class="css-1p5qnda"><span class="css-rwmw5v"><span class="css-179ddaw"><lazy-image alt="Blood test" src="//i0.wp.com/cdn-prod.medicalnewstoday.com/content/images/articles/316/316019/blood-test.jpg?w=1155&h=978" srcSet="//i0.wp.com/cdn-prod.medicalnewstoday.com/content/images/articles/316/316019/blood-test.jpg?w=1845 879w,//i0.wp.com/cdn-prod.medicalnewstoday.com/content/images/articles/316/316019/blood-test.jpg?w=1575 750w,//i0.wp.com/cdn-prod.medicalnewstoday.com/content/images/articles/316/316019/blood-test.jpg?w=1575 750w" className="css-1jytyml"></lazy-image></span><hl-share-overlay class="css-1mqo1cs"><a class="css-90fpmc icon-hl-pinterest css-by55vd" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" data-event="Any Page|Image Pinterest Click|Icon Clicked" data-element-event="OPEN|CONTENTBLOCK|Any Page|Article Body|BUTTON|Image Widget Pinterest Click|" href="https://www.pinterest.com/pin/create/button/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalnewstoday.com%2Farticles%2F316019&media=https%3A%2F%2Fcdn-prod.medicalnewstoday.com%2Fcontent%2Fimages%2Farticles%2F316%2F316019%2Fblood-test.jpg&description=HIV%20vs.%20AIDS%3A%20Differences%20and%20connections" title="Share on Pinterest" data-pin-custom="true" data-share-url="https://cdn-prod.medicalnewstoday.com/content/images/articles/316/316019/blood-test.jpg"><span class="css-z1zfa">Share on Pinterest</span></a></hl-share-overlay></span><figcaption class="css-13b3g0x"> HIV is diagnosed with a blood test, and early testing is always recommended. </figcaption></figure></div></div><div><p> HIV is diagnosed by a blood test or oral swab that looks for the presence of antibodies produced by the body in an attempt to fight the virus, as well as the proteins produced by the virus during replication. </p></div><div><p>The time taken for these antibodies to show up in blood can range from several weeks to several months.</p></div><div><p>Repeat testing may be necessary, depending on the initial time of exposure. </p></div><div><p> However, early testing is always advisable, as an appropriate treatment plan can then be implemented to help stop further progression of the virus.</p></div><div><p>Those who get tested early after exposure are at a lower risk of transmitting the virus to others, as they can receive effective treatment. </p></div><div><p>Self-testing kits for HIV <span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><a class="content-link content-link is_affiliate_link css-1qhtj6x" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow sponsored nofollow" data-event="In-Content Affiliate Link|null|clicked" href="https://www.amazon.com/s?k=hiv+testing+kit&i=aps&tag=healthline-subtag-20&ascsubtag=null&correlationId=null" data-element-id="d73ce48c-c4e2-474a-9d21-883e7d0e7e96" data-sponsors="amazon.com" data-sponsor-index="1" tagularDetails="[object Object]">are available for purchase online</a>, but users should ensure <hl-trusted-source source="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)" rationale="Governmental authority"><a href="https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/testing/hometests.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link content-link css-18gsab6">they are approved</a></hl-trusted-source> by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA).</p></div><div><p></p></div><div><h3>Diagnosis of AIDS</h3></div><div><p> If a person has a diagnosis of HIV and they then receive a CD4 cell count result of under 200 cells/mm<sup>3</sup> or are experiencing certain opportunistic infections, they will have a diagnosis of AIDS. </p></div><div class="css-20w1gi"><aside class="css-0 css-0" data-testid="sticky-inline-ad" data-sticky="false"><div><div data-empty="true" class="css-1sq15os"><div class="css-1hjaa0k"><span class="css-zya54r"></span></div><div id="inline11__slot" data-adbridg-ad-class="inline11__slot" data-ad="true" class="css-1t05dkn"></div></div></div></aside></div></div><div data-testid="tabbed-article-section" class="css-1avyp1d"><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><div><h2><div><a class="chartbeat-section" name="treatment">Treatment</a></div></h2></div><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><div><p> Proper treatment plans and early intervention mean those with HIV can enjoy a good quality of life. Treatment will be provided by a team of professionals, not only doctors. </p></div><div><p>In the past, a person with HIV <a href="https://www.aids.gov/hiv-aids-basics/hiv-aids-101/what-is-hiv-aids/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-90fpmc">could develop</a> AIDS within a few years. Now, many people with HIV will never develop AIDS, because effective treatment is available. Without treatment, a person who develops AIDS can expect to live for another 3 years, unless they experience a life-threatening complication.</p></div><div><p> Treatment consists primarily of medication, including antiretroviral therapy (ART). Once treatment starts, it is important to continue, or <a href="https://aidsinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv-aids/fact-sheets/21/56/drug-resistance" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-90fpmc">drug resistance can develop</a>.</p></div><div><p> People with either HIV or AIDS normally use a combination of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) drugs that help to slow the progression of the virus. </p></div><div><p> This medication is adjusted to suit each individual, and it needs to be taken for life. </p></div><div><div><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><strong><span class="css-8q8l90">»</span>MORE:</strong><a class="css-16uhuj4" rel="endofsectionlink noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/signs-hiv-treatment-stops-working/">Signs that HIV treatment has stopped working</a></div></div></div><div data-testid="tabbed-article-section" class="css-1avyp1d"><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><div><h2><div><a class="chartbeat-section" name="hiv prevention">HIV prevention</a></div></h2></div><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><div><p> Several steps can be taken to prevent contraction of HIV. These include: </p></div><div><ul><li><strong>Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP): </strong>Taken regularly, this can prevent HIV from developing, even if a person is exposed to the virus.</li><li><strong>Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP)</strong>: This is an emergency treatment given to reduce the likelihood of HIV infection after exposure to the virus. To be effective, it should be taken within 72 hours of exposure, and the full 28-day course of treatment completed. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimate that PEP can reduce the risk of HIV infection by <hl-trusted-source source="World Health Organization" rationale="Highly respected international organization"><a href="http://www.who.int/hiv/topics/prophylaxis/info/en/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-90fpmc">over 80 percent</a></hl-trusted-source>.</li><li><strong>Using condoms</strong>: Many infections, including HIV, can be spread through unprotected sexual intercourse. Using condoms can help protect against many health problems.</li><li><strong>Taking steps during pregnancy</strong>: If HIV is present during pregnancy, medications can help prevent the virus from affecting the child. Additional steps include cesarean delivery and bottle feeding rather than breast-feeding in certain circumstances. A health provider can advise on the best option for each individual. Effective pre-natal treatment means that many women with HIV have healthy babies who do not have HIV.</li><li><strong>Avoiding sharing needles</strong>: Needle exchange programs exist to reduce the need to share syringes and needles.</li><li><strong>Reducing exposure to bodily fluids</strong>: Health workers should use gloves, masks, and other forms of barrier protection to reduce the chance of exposure to conditions that may be passed on through blood, including HIV. Other precautions include thoroughly and regularly washing the skin after contact with bodily fluids.</li></ul></div><div><p>A person who has a diagnosis of HIV can delay or prevent AIDS from developing by seeking early treatment and following the treatment plan as recommended.</p></div><div><p>It is also important to avoid exposure to other infections and to maintain a healthful lifestyle to support the immune system. </p></div></div></article><span class="css-zya54r"></span></div><p data-testid="last-medically-reviewed" class="css-1kir5of"><span> </span></p><div class="css-5b5f7q"><ul><li itemProp="genre"><a class="css-90fpmc" data-event="Navigation|article tag click|Blood / Hematology" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/categories/blood">Blood / Hematology</a></li><li itemProp="genre"><a class="css-90fpmc" data-event="Navigation|article tag click|HIV and AIDS" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/categories/hiv-aids">HIV and AIDS</a></li><li itemProp="genre"><a class="css-90fpmc" data-event="Navigation|article tag click|Infectious Diseases / Bacteria / Viruses" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/categories/infectious_diseases">Infectious Diseases / Bacteria / Viruses</a></li><li itemProp="genre"><a class="css-90fpmc" data-event="Navigation|article tag click|Sexual Health / STDs" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/categories/sexual-health">Sexual Health / STDs</a></li></ul></div><div><div class="css-140fa3i"><div class="css-15lc7zf"><h3 id="bylineArticleTools">How we reviewed this article:</h3><div class="css-1g9ioi4"><button type="button" class="css-kxscys"><div class="css-rre5oz"><span class="css-1d75hb8"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><path fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M0 10C0 4.477 4.477 0 10 0s10 4.477 10 10-4.477 10-10 10S0 15.523 0 10Zm18.5 0a8.5 8.5 0 1 0-17 0 8.5 8.5 0 0 0 17 0ZM10 4c-.823 0-1.5.677-1.5 1.518C8.5 6.323 9.177 7 10 7c.841 0 1.5-.677 1.5-1.482A1.5 1.5 0 0 0 10 4Zm0 4.5a1 1 0 0 1 1 1V15a1 1 0 1 1-2 0V9.5a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Z" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg></span><span>Sources</span></div></button></div><div class="css-une8nx"><div class="css-1xn3edc css-1rkrrlx"><div id="article-resources" role="region" class="css-1ugaz02"><div class="css-0">Medical News Today has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical journals and associations. We only use quality, credible sources to ensure content accuracy and integrity. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our <a class="css-90fpmc" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/process">editorial policy</a>.</div><ul class="css-1vedeqe"><li class="css-1ti7iub"><cite><span>Bhatti, A. B., Usman, M., & Kandi, V. (2016, March 1). Current scenario of HIV/AIDS, treatment options, and major challenges with compliance to antiretroviral therapy. <em>Cureus</em>, 8(3), e515</span><br/><a class="css-90fpmc css-1ivue52" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4818110/">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4818110/</a></cite></li><li class="css-1ti7iub"><cite><span>What can I expect at my medical visits? (2017, May 15)</span><br/><a class="css-90fpmc css-1ivue52" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/starting-hiv-care/getting-ready-for-your-first-visit/what-to-expect-at-your-first-hiv-care-visit">https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/starting-hiv-care/getting-ready-for-your-first-visit/what-to-expect-at-your-first-hiv-care-visit</a></cite></li><li class="css-1ti7iub"><cite><span>Chang, C. C., Crane, M., Zhou, J., Mina, M., Post, J. J. Cameron, B. A., ... Lewin, S. R. (2013). HIV and co-infections. <em>Immunology Review, 254</em>(1), 114–142</span><br/><a class="css-90fpmc css-1ivue52" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3697435/">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3697435/</a></cite></li><li class="css-1ti7iub"><cite><span>Co-infection. (n.d.)</span><br/><a class="css-90fpmc css-1ivue52" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="http://www.hivscotland.com/about-hiv/living-with-hiv/treatment/co-infection/">http://www.hivscotland.com/about-hiv/living-with-hiv/treatment/co-infection/</a></cite></li><li class="css-1ti7iub"><cite><span>Drug resistance. (2018, January 16)</span><br/><a class="css-90fpmc css-1ivue52" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://aidsinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv-aids/fact-sheets/21/56/drug-resistance">https://aidsinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv-aids/fact-sheets/21/56/drug-resistance</a></cite></li><li class="css-1ti7iub"><cite><span>Final recommendation statement: Prevention of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Infection: Preexposure prophylaxis. (2019).</span><br/><a class="css-90fpmc css-1ivue52" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/Page/Document/RecommendationStatementFinal/prevention-of-human-immunodeficiency-virus-hiv-infection-pre-exposure-prophylaxis">https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/Page/Document/RecommendationStatementFinal/prevention-of-human-immunodeficiency-virus-hiv-infection-pre-exposure-prophylaxis</a></cite></li><li class="css-1ti7iub"><cite><span>Home tests. (2015, October 16)</span><br/><a class="css-90fpmc css-1ivue52" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/testing/hometests.html">https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/testing/hometests.html</a></cite></li><li class="css-1ti7iub"><cite><span>Opportunistic infections. (2016, August 25)</span><br/><a class="css-90fpmc css-1ivue52" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/livingwithhiv/opportunisticinfections.html">https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/livingwithhiv/opportunisticinfections.html</a></cite></li><li class="css-1ti7iub"><cite><span>Post-exposure prophylaxis to prevent HIV infection [Fact sheet]. (2014, December 1)</span><br/><a class="css-90fpmc css-1ivue52" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="http://www.who.int/hiv/topics/prophylaxis/info/en/">http://www.who.int/hiv/topics/prophylaxis/info/en/</a></cite></li><li class="css-1ti7iub"><cite><span>Sharp, P. M., & Hahn, B. H. (2011, September). Origins of HIV and the AIDS pandemic. <em>Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine</em>, 1(1), a006841</span><br/><a class="css-90fpmc css-1ivue52" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3234451/">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3234451/</a></cite></li><li class="css-1ti7iub"><cite><span>What is HIV/AIDS? (2016, July 14)</span><br/><a class="css-90fpmc css-1ivue52" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.aids.gov/hiv-aids-basics/hiv-aids-101/what-is-hiv-aids/">https://www.aids.gov/hiv-aids-basics/hiv-aids-101/what-is-hiv-aids/</a></cite></li><li class="css-1ti7iub"><cite><span>What is the life expectancy for someone with HIV? (2018, May 18)</span><br/><a class="css-90fpmc css-1ivue52" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.nhs.uk/chq/Pages/3106.aspx?CategoryID=118&SubCategoryID=126">https://www.nhs.uk/chq/Pages/3106.aspx?CategoryID=118&SubCategoryID=126</a></cite></li></ul></div></div></div></div><div class="css-2wv3mf" data-testid="share-tools"><p>Share this article</p><div class="css-14uyzrw"><div class="button-wrapper print"><a class="css-xqmvw1 print button icon icon-hl-print" target="_blank" title="Print this page"></a></div><div class="button-wrapper email"><a class="css-xqmvw1 email button icon icon-hl-email" target="_blank" title="Email this page"></a></div><div class="button-wrapper facebook"><a class="css-xqmvw1 facebook button icon icon-hl-facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalnewstoday.com%2Farticles%2F316019%3Futm_medium%3Dsocial%26utm_source%3Dfacebook%26utm_campaign%3Dsocial-sharebar-referred-desktop" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" target="_blank" title="Share on Facebook"></a></div><div class="button-wrapper twitter"><a class="css-xqmvw1 twitter button icon icon-hl-twitter" href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?via=mnt&text=HIV%20vs.%20AIDS%3A%20Differences%20and%20connections&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalnewstoday.com%2Farticles%2F316019%3Futm_medium%3Dsocial%26utm_source%3Dtwitter%26utm_campaign%3Dsocial-sharebar-referred-desktop" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" target="_blank" title="Share on Twitter"></a></div><div class="button-wrapper more"><a class="css-xqmvw1 more button icon icon-hl-more" target="_blank" title="Show more"></a></div></div></div></div></div><span class="css-zya54r"></span></div><section class="css-17lceqi css-79elbk" style="margin-top:0"><div class="css-7bezlb"><div class="css-npv6dx"><div data-testid="byline"><section data-testid="byline" class="css-19c5efk"><div class="css-1q67gt9"><div class="css-1edxg1f"><img src="//i0.wp.com/post.medicalnewstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/daniel-murrell.png?w=105&h=105" alt=""/></div></div><div><span><span><a class="css-90fpmc css-ro87dg" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Medically reviewed</a> by <a class="css-90fpmc css-ro87dg" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Daniel Murrell, M.D.</a></span></span> — <span><span><span><span>Written by <a class="css-90fpmc css-ro87dg" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Jayne Leonard</a></span></span></span></span> <span> on May 31, 2018</span></div></section></div></div></div><span class="css-zya54r"></span><div data-empty="true" class="css-1y1s420"><div class="css-1hjaa0k"><span class="css-zya54r"></span></div><div id="DMR1__slot" data-adbridg-ad-class="DMR1" data-ad="true" class="css-488q2e"></div></div><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><div class="css-1p5bah9 css-1p2cbqg"><h2 class="css-120r23d css-1xdhyk6">Latest news</h2><ul data-testid="Latest news-collection-ul" class="css-1ynwxft"><li class="css-yeoi4c"><a class="css-xqmvw1 css-n98yn4" data-event="Right Rail|Latest News|https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/artificial-sweetener-triggers-insulin-spike-leading-to-blood-vessel-inflammation-in-mice" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/artificial-sweetener-triggers-insulin-spike-leading-to-blood-vessel-inflammation-in-mice" data-testid="thumbnail-link" aria-label="Artificial sweetener may increase heart disease risk by triggering insulin surges"><span class="css-rwmw5v css-5f7251"><span class="css-rlaxw5"><lazy-image alt="" src="https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2025/02/Artificial-sweetener-capsules-732x549-thumbnail.jpg" className="css-1jytyml"></lazy-image></span></span></a><div class="css-bufxhs"><a class="css-xqmvw1 css-2nnb2j" data-event="Right Rail|Latest News|https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/artificial-sweetener-triggers-insulin-spike-leading-to-blood-vessel-inflammation-in-mice" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/artificial-sweetener-triggers-insulin-spike-leading-to-blood-vessel-inflammation-in-mice" data-testid="text-link">Artificial sweetener may increase heart disease risk by triggering insulin surges</a></div></li><li class="css-yeoi4c"><a class="css-xqmvw1 css-n98yn4" data-event="Right Rail|Latest News|https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/drug-diabetes-kidney-disease-may-also-lower-heart-attack-stroke-risks" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/drug-diabetes-kidney-disease-may-also-lower-heart-attack-stroke-risks" data-testid="thumbnail-link" aria-label="Drug for diabetes and kidney disease may also lower heart attack, stroke risks"><span class="css-rwmw5v css-5f7251"><span class="css-rlaxw5"><lazy-image alt="" src="https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2025/02/senior-man-sports-field-732x549-thumbnail.jpg" className="css-1jytyml"></lazy-image></span></span></a><div class="css-bufxhs"><a class="css-xqmvw1 css-2nnb2j" data-event="Right Rail|Latest News|https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/drug-diabetes-kidney-disease-may-also-lower-heart-attack-stroke-risks" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/drug-diabetes-kidney-disease-may-also-lower-heart-attack-stroke-risks" data-testid="text-link">Drug for diabetes and kidney disease may also lower heart attack, stroke risks</a></div></li><li class="css-yeoi4c"><a class="css-xqmvw1 css-n98yn4" data-event="Right Rail|Latest News|https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/natural-supplement-tricaprin-may-help-people-new-type-heart-disease" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/natural-supplement-tricaprin-may-help-people-new-type-heart-disease" data-testid="thumbnail-link" aria-label="A natural supplement may help people with a new type of heart disease"><span class="css-rwmw5v css-5f7251"><span class="css-rlaxw5"><lazy-image alt="" src="https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2025/02/supplement-heart-Stocksy_txp020705eecF5400_Medium_180947-Thumb.jpg" className="css-1jytyml"></lazy-image></span></span></a><div class="css-bufxhs"><a class="css-xqmvw1 css-2nnb2j" data-event="Right Rail|Latest News|https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/natural-supplement-tricaprin-may-help-people-new-type-heart-disease" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/natural-supplement-tricaprin-may-help-people-new-type-heart-disease" data-testid="text-link">A natural supplement may help people with a new type of heart disease</a></div></li><li class="css-yeoi4c"><a class="css-xqmvw1 css-n98yn4" data-event="Right Rail|Latest News|https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/latest-news-cholesterol-heart-health-glp-1-drugs-more" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/latest-news-cholesterol-heart-health-glp-1-drugs-more" data-testid="thumbnail-link" aria-label="What's the latest on cholesterol, heart health, GLP-1 drugs, and more?"><span class="css-rwmw5v css-5f7251"><span class="css-rlaxw5"><lazy-image alt="" src="https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2025/02/news-roundup-20240218-732x549-thumbnail.jpg" className="css-1jytyml"></lazy-image></span></span></a><div class="css-bufxhs"><a class="css-xqmvw1 css-2nnb2j" data-event="Right Rail|Latest News|https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/latest-news-cholesterol-heart-health-glp-1-drugs-more" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/latest-news-cholesterol-heart-health-glp-1-drugs-more" data-testid="text-link">What's the latest on cholesterol, heart health, GLP-1 drugs, and more?</a></div></li><li class="css-yeoi4c"><a class="css-xqmvw1 css-n98yn4" data-event="Right Rail|Latest News|https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/novel-antibody-help-prevent-bone-muscle-loss-glp-1-drugs-ozempic-wegovy" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/novel-antibody-help-prevent-bone-muscle-loss-glp-1-drugs-ozempic-wegovy" data-testid="thumbnail-link" aria-label="Novel antibody could help prevent bone, muscle loss due to GLP-1 drugs"><span class="css-rwmw5v css-5f7251"><span class="css-rlaxw5"><lazy-image alt="" src="https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2025/02/Losing-Weight-Stocksy_txpa5d8e252BD5400_Medium_938952-Thumb.jpg" className="css-1jytyml"></lazy-image></span></span></a><div class="css-bufxhs"><a class="css-xqmvw1 css-2nnb2j" data-event="Right Rail|Latest News|https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/novel-antibody-help-prevent-bone-muscle-loss-glp-1-drugs-ozempic-wegovy" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/novel-antibody-help-prevent-bone-muscle-loss-glp-1-drugs-ozempic-wegovy" data-testid="text-link">Novel antibody could help prevent bone, muscle loss due to GLP-1 drugs</a></div></li></ul></div><div class="css-h9jo37" data-dynamic-ads="true"><object type="text/html" data="about:blank" aria-label="advertisement" class="css-7vynax"></object></div></section></div></div><span class="css-zya54r"></span><div><div id="read-next" class=" css-10ib5jr"><div class="css-m260rd"><div class="css-1h1rean"><div class="css-z468a2"><h3 class="css-107m7zl">Related Coverage</h3></div><section class="css-17lceqi"></section></div></div><ul class="css-1l95nvm"><li class="css-b26b7j"><div class="css-m260rd"><div class="css-1h1rean"><div class="css-z468a2 css-w8u3o4"><div class="css-k3xa71"><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><figure class="css-1pvwan1"><a class="css-xqmvw1" data-event="engagement|bottom page content promo click|/articles/hiv-encephalopathy;engagement|bottom page content promo click index|1" data-element-event="INTERNAL LINK|FOOTER|Any Page|Read This Next|LINK|What to know about HIV encephalopathy|rn0" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/hiv-encephalopathy?utm_source=ReadNext" aria-label="image-link" data-ga4="Read Next button clicks" data-testid="image-link" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"><div class="css-79elbk"><span class="css-rwmw5v css-1pf0x3y"><span class="css-1767n2d"><lazy-image alt="What to know about HIV encephalopathy" src="https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2021/05/HIV_encephalopathy_GettyImages1199813214_Thumb.jpg" srcSet="https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2021/05/HIV_encephalopathy_GettyImages1199813214_Thumb.jpg 200w" className="css-1lyqwde"></lazy-image></span></span><span class="css-1fb1nmp"><span class="css-a10gts"></span></span></div></a></figure><div class="css-u8uhak"><a class="css-xqmvw1 css-i4o77u" data-event="engagement|bottom page content promo click|/articles/hiv-encephalopathy;engagement|bottom page content promo click index|1" data-element-event="INTERNAL LINK|FOOTER|Any Page|Read This Next|LINK|What to know about HIV encephalopathy|rn0" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/hiv-encephalopathy?utm_source=ReadNext" data-testid="title-link" data-ga4="Read Next button clicks">What to know about HIV encephalopathy</a><section data-testid="byline" class="css-ni3p9e"><div class="css-1pz7193"><div class="css-1edxg1f"><lazy-image alt="" src="//i0.wp.com/post.medicalnewstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Cameron-White-MD-MPH-Mary-Morrison_edit.png?w=73&h=73"></lazy-image></div></div><div><span><span>Medically reviewed by <a class="css-90fpmc css-ro87dg" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/reviewers">Cameron White, M.D., MPH</a></span></span></div></section><p><a class="css-2fdibo css-v34bze" data-event="engagement|bottom page content promo click|/articles/hiv-encephalopathy;engagement|bottom page content promo click index|1" data-element-event="INTERNAL LINK|FOOTER|Any Page|Read This Next|LINK|What to know about HIV encephalopathy|rn0" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/hiv-encephalopathy?utm_source=ReadNext" data-testid="text-link" data-ga4="Read Next button clicks" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1">HIV encephalopathy is a potential complication of HIV that results from inflammation of the brain. Antiretroviral therapy may prevent the condition or…</a></p><a class="css-90fpmc css-1mj85ht" data-event="engagement|bottom page content promo click|/articles/hiv-encephalopathy;engagement|bottom page content promo click index|1" data-element-event="INTERNAL LINK|FOOTER|Any Page|Read This Next|LINK|What to know about HIV encephalopathy|rn0" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/hiv-encephalopathy?utm_source=ReadNext" data-ga4="Read Next button clicks">READ MORE<span class="icon-hl-arrow-right css-1bisyf5"></span></a></div></div></div><section class="css-17lceqi css-1ub4i5m"><div data-empty="true" class="css-vhteyv"><div class="css-1hjaa0k"><span class="css-zya54r"></span></div><div id="DCMR1__slot" data-adbridg-ad-class="DCMR1" data-ad="true" class="css-prb4v6"></div></div></section></div></div></li><li class="css-b26b7j"><div class="css-m260rd"><div class="css-1h1rean"><div class="css-z468a2 css-w8u3o4"><span class="css-zya54r"></span></div><section class="css-17lceqi css-1ub4i5m"><div data-empty="true" class="css-vhteyv"><div class="css-1hjaa0k"><span class="css-zya54r"></span></div><div id="DCMR1__slot" data-adbridg-ad-class="DCMR1" data-ad="true" class="css-prb4v6"></div></div></section></div></div></li><li class="css-b26b7j"><div class="css-m260rd"><div class="css-1h1rean"><div class="css-z468a2 css-w8u3o4"><div class="css-k3xa71"><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><figure class="css-1pvwan1"><a class="css-xqmvw1" data-event="engagement|bottom page content promo click|/articles/323986;engagement|bottom page content promo click index|2" data-element-event="INTERNAL LINK|FOOTER|Any Page|Read This Next|LINK|What to know about HIV false-positives|rn1" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323986?utm_source=ReadNext" aria-label="image-link" data-ga4="Read Next button clicks" data-testid="image-link" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"><div class="css-79elbk"><span class="css-rwmw5v css-1pf0x3y"><span class="css-1767n2d"><lazy-image alt="What to know about HIV false-positives" src="https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2020/02/323986_2200-732x549.jpg" srcSet="https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2020/02/323986_2200-732x549.jpg 200w" className="css-1lyqwde"></lazy-image></span></span><span class="css-1fb1nmp"><span class="css-a10gts"></span></span></div></a></figure><div class="css-u8uhak"><a class="css-xqmvw1 css-i4o77u" data-event="engagement|bottom page content promo click|/articles/323986;engagement|bottom page content promo click index|2" data-element-event="INTERNAL LINK|FOOTER|Any Page|Read This Next|LINK|What to know about HIV false-positives|rn1" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323986?utm_source=ReadNext" data-testid="title-link" data-ga4="Read Next button clicks">What to know about HIV false-positives</a><p><a class="css-2fdibo css-v34bze" data-event="engagement|bottom page content promo click|/articles/323986;engagement|bottom page content promo click index|2" data-element-event="INTERNAL LINK|FOOTER|Any Page|Read This Next|LINK|What to know about HIV false-positives|rn1" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323986?utm_source=ReadNext" data-testid="text-link" data-ga4="Read Next button clicks" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1">A false-positive HIV test occurs when a test incorrectly indicates that a person has contracted the virus. Learn more about the reasons for the result…</a></p><a class="css-90fpmc css-1mj85ht" data-event="engagement|bottom page content promo click|/articles/323986;engagement|bottom page content promo click index|2" data-element-event="INTERNAL LINK|FOOTER|Any Page|Read This Next|LINK|What to know about HIV false-positives|rn1" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323986?utm_source=ReadNext" data-ga4="Read Next button clicks">READ MORE<span class="icon-hl-arrow-right css-1bisyf5"></span></a></div></div></div><section class="css-17lceqi css-1ub4i5m"></section></div></div></li><li class="css-b26b7j"><div class="css-m260rd"><div class="css-1h1rean"><div class="css-z468a2 css-w8u3o4"><div class="css-k3xa71"><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><figure class="css-1pvwan1"><a class="css-xqmvw1" data-event="engagement|bottom page content promo click|/articles/316230;engagement|bottom page content promo click index|3" data-element-event="INTERNAL LINK|FOOTER|Any Page|Read This Next|LINK|What are the Western blot and ELISA tests for HIV?|rn2" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/316230?utm_source=ReadNext" aria-label="image-link" data-ga4="Read Next button clicks" data-testid="image-link" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"><div class="css-79elbk"><span class="css-rwmw5v css-1pf0x3y"><span class="css-1767n2d"><lazy-image alt="What are the Western blot and ELISA tests for HIV?" src="https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2020/02/elisa-test-for-hiv.jpg" srcSet="https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2020/02/elisa-test-for-hiv.jpg 200w" className="css-1lyqwde"></lazy-image></span></span><span class="css-1fb1nmp"><span class="css-a10gts"></span></span></div></a></figure><div class="css-u8uhak"><a class="css-xqmvw1 css-i4o77u" data-event="engagement|bottom page content promo click|/articles/316230;engagement|bottom page content promo click index|3" data-element-event="INTERNAL LINK|FOOTER|Any Page|Read This Next|LINK|What are the Western blot and ELISA tests for HIV?|rn2" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/316230?utm_source=ReadNext" data-testid="title-link" data-ga4="Read Next button clicks">What are the Western blot and ELISA tests for HIV?</a><section data-testid="byline" class="css-ni3p9e"><div class="css-1pz7193"><div class="css-1edxg1f"><lazy-image alt="" src="//i0.wp.com/post.medicalnewstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/daniel-murrell.png?w=73&h=73"></lazy-image></div></div><div><span><span>Medically reviewed by <a class="css-90fpmc css-ro87dg" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/reviewers">Daniel Murrell, M.D.</a></span></span></div></section><p><a class="css-2fdibo css-v34bze" data-event="engagement|bottom page content promo click|/articles/316230;engagement|bottom page content promo click index|3" data-element-event="INTERNAL LINK|FOOTER|Any Page|Read This Next|LINK|What are the Western blot and ELISA tests for HIV?|rn2" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/316230?utm_source=ReadNext" data-testid="text-link" data-ga4="Read Next button clicks" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1">Early diagnosis and treatment for HIV now mean that people with the virus can expect to have good health and a normal lifespan. However, it is crucial…</a></p><a class="css-90fpmc css-1mj85ht" data-event="engagement|bottom page content promo click|/articles/316230;engagement|bottom page content promo click index|3" data-element-event="INTERNAL LINK|FOOTER|Any Page|Read This Next|LINK|What are the Western blot and ELISA tests for HIV?|rn2" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/316230?utm_source=ReadNext" data-ga4="Read Next button clicks">READ MORE<span class="icon-hl-arrow-right css-1bisyf5"></span></a></div></div></div><section class="css-17lceqi css-1ub4i5m"><div data-empty="true" class="css-vhteyv"><div class="css-1hjaa0k"><span class="css-zya54r"></span></div><div id="DCMR2__slot" data-adbridg-ad-class="DCMR2" data-ad="true" class="css-prb4v6"></div></div></section></div></div></li><li class="css-b26b7j"><div class="css-m260rd"><div class="css-1h1rean"><div class="css-z468a2 css-w8u3o4"><div class="css-k3xa71"><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><figure class="css-1pvwan1"><a class="css-xqmvw1" data-event="engagement|bottom page content promo click|/articles/hiv-encephalopathy;engagement|bottom page content promo click index|4" data-element-event="INTERNAL LINK|FOOTER|Any Page|Read This Next|LINK|What to know about HIV encephalopathy|rn3" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/hiv-encephalopathy?utm_source=ReadNext" aria-label="image-link" data-ga4="Read Next button clicks" data-testid="image-link" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"><div class="css-79elbk"><span class="css-rwmw5v css-1pf0x3y"><span class="css-1767n2d"><lazy-image alt="What to know about HIV encephalopathy" src="https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2021/05/HIV_encephalopathy_GettyImages1199813214_Thumb.jpg" srcSet="https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2021/05/HIV_encephalopathy_GettyImages1199813214_Thumb.jpg 200w" className="css-1lyqwde"></lazy-image></span></span><span class="css-1fb1nmp"><span class="css-a10gts"></span></span></div></a></figure><div class="css-u8uhak"><a class="css-xqmvw1 css-i4o77u" data-event="engagement|bottom page content promo click|/articles/hiv-encephalopathy;engagement|bottom page content promo click index|4" data-element-event="INTERNAL LINK|FOOTER|Any Page|Read This Next|LINK|What to know about HIV encephalopathy|rn3" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/hiv-encephalopathy?utm_source=ReadNext" data-testid="title-link" data-ga4="Read Next button clicks">What to know about HIV encephalopathy</a><section data-testid="byline" class="css-ni3p9e"><div class="css-1pz7193"><div class="css-1edxg1f"><lazy-image alt="" src="//i0.wp.com/post.medicalnewstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Cameron-White-MD-MPH-Mary-Morrison_edit.png?w=73&h=73"></lazy-image></div></div><div><span><span>Medically reviewed by <a class="css-90fpmc css-ro87dg" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/reviewers">Cameron White, M.D., MPH</a></span></span></div></section><p><a class="css-2fdibo css-v34bze" data-event="engagement|bottom page content promo click|/articles/hiv-encephalopathy;engagement|bottom page content promo click index|4" data-element-event="INTERNAL LINK|FOOTER|Any Page|Read This Next|LINK|What to know about HIV encephalopathy|rn3" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/hiv-encephalopathy?utm_source=ReadNext" data-testid="text-link" data-ga4="Read Next button clicks" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1">HIV encephalopathy is a potential complication of HIV that results from inflammation of the brain. Antiretroviral therapy may prevent the condition or…</a></p><a class="css-90fpmc css-1mj85ht" data-event="engagement|bottom page content promo click|/articles/hiv-encephalopathy;engagement|bottom page content promo click index|4" data-element-event="INTERNAL LINK|FOOTER|Any Page|Read This Next|LINK|What to know about HIV encephalopathy|rn3" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/hiv-encephalopathy?utm_source=ReadNext" data-ga4="Read Next button clicks">READ MORE<span class="icon-hl-arrow-right css-1bisyf5"></span></a></div></div></div><section class="css-17lceqi css-1ub4i5m"></section></div></div></li><li class="css-b26b7j"><div class="css-m260rd"><div class="css-1h1rean"><div class="css-z468a2 css-w8u3o4"><div class="css-k3xa71"><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><figure class="css-1pvwan1"><a class="css-xqmvw1" data-event="engagement|bottom page content promo click|/articles/drugs-genvoya-interactions;engagement|bottom page content promo click index|5" data-element-event="INTERNAL LINK|FOOTER|Any Page|Read This Next|LINK|Genvoya interactions: Alcohol, medications, and other factors|rn4" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/drugs-genvoya-interactions?utm_source=ReadNext" aria-label="image-link" data-ga4="Read Next button clicks" data-testid="image-link" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"><div class="css-79elbk"><span class="css-rwmw5v css-1pf0x3y"><span class="css-1767n2d"><lazy-image alt="Genvoya interactions: Alcohol, medications, and other factors" src="https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2024/09/MNT-tablet-732x549-thumbnail-002.jpg" srcSet="https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2024/09/MNT-tablet-732x549-thumbnail-002.jpg 200w" className="css-1lyqwde"></lazy-image></span></span><span class="css-1fb1nmp"><span class="css-a10gts"></span></span></div></a></figure><div class="css-u8uhak"><a class="css-xqmvw1 css-i4o77u" data-event="engagement|bottom page content promo click|/articles/drugs-genvoya-interactions;engagement|bottom page content promo click index|5" data-element-event="INTERNAL LINK|FOOTER|Any Page|Read This Next|LINK|Genvoya interactions: Alcohol, medications, and other factors|rn4" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/drugs-genvoya-interactions?utm_source=ReadNext" data-testid="title-link" data-ga4="Read Next button clicks">Genvoya interactions: Alcohol, medications, and other factors</a><p><a class="css-2fdibo css-v34bze" data-event="engagement|bottom page content promo click|/articles/drugs-genvoya-interactions;engagement|bottom page content promo click index|5" data-element-event="INTERNAL LINK|FOOTER|Any Page|Read This Next|LINK|Genvoya interactions: Alcohol, medications, and other factors|rn4" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/drugs-genvoya-interactions?utm_source=ReadNext" data-testid="text-link" data-ga4="Read Next button clicks" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1">Discover Genvoya drug interactions in depth, when to avoid Genvoya, and more.</a></p><a class="css-90fpmc css-1mj85ht" data-event="engagement|bottom page content promo click|/articles/drugs-genvoya-interactions;engagement|bottom page content promo click index|5" data-element-event="INTERNAL LINK|FOOTER|Any Page|Read This Next|LINK|Genvoya interactions: Alcohol, medications, and other factors|rn4" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/drugs-genvoya-interactions?utm_source=ReadNext" data-ga4="Read Next button clicks">READ MORE<span class="icon-hl-arrow-right css-1bisyf5"></span></a></div></div></div><section class="css-17lceqi css-1ub4i5m"></section></div></div></li></ul></div></div></div></div><span class="css-zya54r"></span><span class="css-zya54r"></span></div><div class="css-i9gxme"></div><footer class="css-1ocfdvu"><div class="css-1dppxl0"><hl-social-nav></hl-social-nav><div class="css-1b2ri56"><div class="css-uktbta css-1tn87m4"><hl-newsletter-cta buttonText="SUBSCRIBE" source="footer_newsletter_link" subscribeEventTracking="Newsletter Acquisition|footer_newsletter_link|submit" className="css-13njx2h" category="Newsletter Acquisition" formatType="footer" name="footer_newsletter_link" productId="footer_newsletter_link" variant="footer_newsletter_link"></hl-newsletter-cta><div class="css-16bllps css-17cs55w">© 2025 Healthline Media UK Ltd, Brighton, UK. All rights reserved. MNT is the registered trade mark of Healthline Media. Healthline Media is an RVO Health Company. Any medical information published on this website is not intended as a substitute for informed medical advice and you should not take any action before consulting with a healthcare professional. <a class="css-1xx5q6 css-1081t4c" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/about/additional-information">See additional information</a>.</div></div><div class="css-uktbta"><div class="css-1xceiwh"><div class="css-10ma15c"><ul class="css-lb03wr css-1dvthki"><li class="css-3gcukm"><a class="css-en1nu6" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/about">About Us</a></li><li class="css-3gcukm"><a class="css-en1nu6" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/about/contact-us">Contact Us</a></li><li class="css-3gcukm"><a class="css-en1nu6" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/about/terms-of-use">Terms of Use</a></li><li class="css-3gcukm"><a class="css-en1nu6" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/about/privacy-policy">Privacy Policy</a></li><li class="css-3gcukm"><button id="privacy-settings-one-trust" title="Privacy Settings" class="css-yjay6q">Privacy Settings</button></li><li class="css-3gcukm"><a class="css-en1nu6" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/ad-policy">Advertising Policy</a></li></ul><ul class="css-lb03wr css-upe1zs"><li class="css-3gcukm"><a class="css-en1nu6" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/directory/a-b">Health Topics</a></li><li class="css-3gcukm"><a class="css-en1nu6" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/content-hubs">Health Hubs</a></li><li class="css-3gcukm"><a class="css-en1nu6" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/about/reviewers">Medical Affairs</a></li><li class="css-3gcukm"><a class="css-en1nu6" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/about/content-integrity">Content Integrity</a></li><li class="css-3gcukm"><a class="css-en1nu6" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/newsletter">Newsletters</a></li><li class="css-3gcukm css-jwb353"><div class="css-16bllps css-eqytyw">© 2025 Healthline Media UK Ltd, Brighton, UK. All rights reserved. MNT is the registered trade mark of Healthline Media. Healthline Media is an RVO Health Company. Any medical information published on this website is not intended as a substitute for informed medical advice and you should not take any action before consulting with a healthcare professional. <a class="css-1xx5q6 css-1081t4c" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/about/additional-information">See additional information</a>.</div></li></ul><div class="css-16bllps css-eqytyw">© 2025 Healthline Media UK Ltd, Brighton, UK. All rights reserved. MNT is the registered trade mark of Healthline Media. Healthline Media is an RVO Health Company. Any medical information published on this website is not intended as a substitute for informed medical advice and you should not take any action before consulting with a healthcare professional. <a class="css-1xx5q6 css-1081t4c" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/about/additional-information">See additional information</a>.</div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="css-1us2gxx"><div class="css-11upubx"><a class="css-6da01m" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.healthlinemedia.com/?utm_source=medicalnewstoday.com&utm_medium=site&utm_campaign=footer&utm_content=logo" aria-label="Healthline Media Logo"><svg alt="Healthline Media" width="132" height="50" class="css-v23quv" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 132 50"><path fill="#FFF" d="M30.477 38.313v9.62h3.98V50h-6.36V38.313h2.38zm11.137 0v2.068h-2.548V50h-2.308v-9.62h-2.565v-2.067h7.421zm3.645 0v4.643h3.826v-4.643h2.337V50h-2.337v-4.976h-3.826V50h-2.32V38.313h2.32zm10.4 0v9.62h3.98V50h-6.362V38.313h2.381zm7.69 0V50h-2.12V38.313h2.12zm4.48 0 3.798 7.149v-7.149h2.325V50h-2.22l-3.955-7.447V50H65.47V38.313h2.359zm14.605 0v2.05h-4.13v2.681h4.013v2.032h-4.013v2.874h4.13V50h-6.362V38.313h6.362zm8.654 0 2.213 7.009 2.23-7.009h3.071V50h-2.264v-8.025L93.764 50h-.943l-2.54-8.025V50H88V38.313h3.088zm15.996 0v2.05h-4.13v2.681h4.014v2.032h-4.014v2.874h4.13V50h-6.361V38.313h6.361zm-104.764 0v4.643h3.825v-4.643h2.337V50H6.145v-4.976H2.32V50H0V38.313h2.32zm14.644 0v2.05h-4.13v2.681h4.013v2.032h-4.013v2.874h4.13V50h-6.362V38.313h6.362zm104.434 0V50h-2.12V38.313h2.12zm7.216-.065L132 49.935h-2.377l-.53-2.085h-3.728l-.53 2.085h-2.377l3.386-11.687h2.77zm-16.063 0c1.008 0 1.878.246 2.612.736.733.49 1.293 1.18 1.68 2.068.386.888.579 1.904.579 3.049 0 1.144-.19 2.158-.571 3.04-.381.882-.938 1.568-1.671 2.058-.734.49-1.61.736-2.629.736h-3.611V38.248h3.611zm-88.636 0 3.386 11.687h-2.377l-.53-2.085h-3.728l-.53 2.085h-2.377l3.386-11.687h2.77zm88.787 2.125h-1.377v7.437h1.377c.826 0 1.466-.339 1.92-1.018.452-.678.68-1.576.68-2.692 0-1.161-.224-2.073-.672-2.735-.448-.661-1.09-.992-1.928-.992zm14.394 0-1.457 5.578h2.915l-1.458-5.578zm-104.698 0-1.458 5.578h2.915l-1.457-5.578zM64.41.044c2.696-.128 2.3.047 3.785.227 3.92.477 7.448 3 9.744 6.016 1.679 2.204 1.893 4.935 1.835 7.58-.09 4.159-1.486 7.861-4.778 10.56-1.194.98-2.662 1.623-3.389 2.054-4.773 1.914-9.086 1.207-12.91-.525-2.566-1.16-4.286-3.257-5.25-5.988-.533-1.511-.81-3.018-1.112-4.588-.201-1.048-.1-2.166-.043-3.248.029-.556.254-1.101.393-1.65C54.11 4.863 58.62.32 64.411.043zm1.307 5.003-.046.01-6.204 2.374a.147.147 0 0 0-.067.222l.919 1.272v11.912c0 .081.065.146.146.146h5.259c.08 0 .146-.065.146-.146v-9.013a.395.395 0 0 1 .792 0v9.013c0 .081.065.146.146.146h5.936a.146.146 0 0 0 .131-.211l-.634-1.262v-5.668c0-3.283-2.62-3.74-4.185-3.74-1.043 0-1.859.366-2.186.61v-5.52a.146.146 0 0 0-.199-.136z"></path></svg></a><div class="css-d2oo9m"><div class="css-s2uf1z"><a class="css-si16g9" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.healthlinemedia.com/?utm_source=medicalnewstoday.com&utm_medium=site&utm_campaign=footer&utm_content=about">About</a><a class="css-si16g9" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://rvohealth.com/careers">Careers</a><a class="css-si16g9" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.healthlinemedia.com/advertise?utm_source=medicalnewstoday.com&utm_medium=site&utm_campaign=footer&utm_content=advertise">Advertise with us</a></div><div class="css-huujs8"><p class="css-1vtxghn">OUR BRANDS</p><a class="css-87xp" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.healthline.com/">Healthline</a><a class="css-87xp" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/">Medical News Today</a><a class="css-87xp" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://greatist.com/">Greatist</a><a class="css-87xp" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://psychcentral.com/">Psych Central</a><a class="css-87xp" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://bezzy.com/">Bezzy</a></div></div><a aria-label="@TRUST, AACI Certified logo" class="css-90fpmc css-1qsp2zb" href="https://aacihealthcare.com/certificates/c143-2-2021-trust-usa/" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" target="_blank"><div class="css-1vtpbs6"><lazy-image alt="This website is certified by AACI. Click to verify." src="//i0.wp.com/post.healthline.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/TRUST-Mark-1.png?" className="css-spwcx4"></lazy-image></div></a></div></div></footer><div id="foot-pad"></div><div id="consent-modal"></div></div><script> HL={"c":{"countryCode":"SG","countryNumber":702,"continentCode":"AS","dmaCode":"","SPIConfig":{"default":false,"dcs":false},"consent":{"vendorListTcfVersion":5,"hasGlobalScope":false,"hasFullConsent":false,"gdprApplies":false,"tcString":false,"pingReturn":{},"tcData":{"gdprApplies":false,"cmpLoaded":true,"addtlConsent":"","eventStatus":"cmpuishown"}},"usPrivacyData":{"usprivacy":"1YNY","ccpaApplies":true},"isControl":false,"abSegment":"activationReadNext=false;experimentalRPM=control;dcsCopayBestOffer=control;dcsNativeCoupon=control;dcsCopayOnly=variant;adbridgFlag=false;oneTrustCPRA=true;pillIdentifierNoDupes=control;","abId":"0e5ad9f4-3c7c-42d1-a3cf-81a4178b3adf","isNewId":true,"abTestUrls":{"moveImageGalleryBelowDeck":["/health/drugs/latuda-dosage","/health/drugs/spiriva-dosage","/health/drugs/rexulti-dosage","/health/drugs/humulin-n-dosage","/health/drugs/provigil-dosage","/health/drugs/cipro-dosage","/health/drugs/entyvio-dosage","/health/drugs/symbicort-dosage","/health/drugs/ajovy-dosage","/health/drugs/vraylar-dosage","/health/drugs/trintellix-dosage","/health/drugs/levemir-dosage","/health/drugs/xarelto-dosage","/health/drugs/ozempic-dosage","/health/drugs/pulmicort-dosage","/health/drugs/rybelsus-dosage","/health/drugs/humalog-dosage","/health/drugs/pristiq-dosage","/health/drugs/viagra-dosage","/health/drugs/cambia-dosage"],"dcsEditInfoSectionPlacement":["/articles/drugs-rybelsus-cost","/articles/drugs-rybelsus-dosage","/articles/drugs-rybelsus-interactions","/articles/drugs-rybelsus-side-effects","/articles/rybelsus","/articles/drugs-wegovy","/articles/drugs-wegovy-cost","/articles/drugs-wegovy-dosage","/articles/drugs-wegovy-for-weight-loss","/articles/drugs-wegovy-interactions","/articles/drugs-wegovy-reproductive-health","/articles/drugs-wegovy-side-effects"]},"skipGDPR":true},"ab":{"activationReadNext":false,"experimentalRPM":"control","dcsCopayBestOffer":"control","dcsNativeCoupon":"control","dcsCopayOnly":"variant","adbridgFlag":false,"oneTrustCPRA":true,"moveImageGalleryBelowDeck":"control","dcsEditInfoSectionPlacement":"control","pillIdentifierNoDupes":"control"},"abTestUrls":{"moveImageGalleryBelowDeck":["/health/drugs/latuda-dosage","/health/drugs/spiriva-dosage","/health/drugs/rexulti-dosage","/health/drugs/humulin-n-dosage","/health/drugs/provigil-dosage","/health/drugs/cipro-dosage","/health/drugs/entyvio-dosage","/health/drugs/symbicort-dosage","/health/drugs/ajovy-dosage","/health/drugs/vraylar-dosage","/health/drugs/trintellix-dosage","/health/drugs/levemir-dosage","/health/drugs/xarelto-dosage","/health/drugs/ozempic-dosage","/health/drugs/pulmicort-dosage","/health/drugs/rybelsus-dosage","/health/drugs/humalog-dosage","/health/drugs/pristiq-dosage","/health/drugs/viagra-dosage","/health/drugs/cambia-dosage"],"dcsEditInfoSectionPlacement":["/articles/drugs-rybelsus-cost","/articles/drugs-rybelsus-dosage","/articles/drugs-rybelsus-interactions","/articles/drugs-rybelsus-side-effects","/articles/rybelsus","/articles/drugs-wegovy","/articles/drugs-wegovy-cost","/articles/drugs-wegovy-dosage","/articles/drugs-wegovy-for-weight-loss","/articles/drugs-wegovy-interactions","/articles/drugs-wegovy-reproductive-health","/articles/drugs-wegovy-side-effects"]},"ga":{"k1":"hivaids","k2":"infectious","kmeta":"","contentType":"Tabbed Article","author":"Jayne Leonard","articleType":"regular","sponsoredProgramId":"","articleId":"mnt-28117","mainContentCategoryTags":"","publishedDate":"2018-05-31","updatedDate":"2024-07-10","medReviewer":"Daniel Murrell, M.D.","category":"Blood / Hematology,HIV and AIDS,Infectious Diseases / Bacteria / Viruses,Sexual Health / STDs","subcategory":"","trackingTerms":"","ek1":"2159d0d474cde1","contentForm":"Non-Head Term","type":"healthfeature"},"adb":false,"d":[],"i":{"enabled":false},"cIds":["d902a0ca-a0e0-4eaa-9a6c-fc01d75206e3"],"mpd":{"loaded":[{"_driverPath":"/articles/316019","_contentIndex":"page","driverId":"ff4ad816-143d-4c2a-968c-ea480f595bfe","siteId":"40fa3d40-7108-11ea-a8fe-ab86e8b4e4d7","site":"mnt","status":"on","deleted":false,"overridePredictiveRPM":false,"created":"2022-12-19T15:45:12.000Z","updated":"2024-12-02T21:12:00.000Z","createdBy":"liallison@redventures.com","updatedBy":"eprater@rvohealth.com","isTest":true,"overridePredictiveRPMType":"none","sdapiTestName":"","rewardType":"","modelType":"","customModel":false,"holdout":"","imageMobile":"https://post.healthline.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/2ppuDefaultDesktop.jpg","color":"#8E0B0F","driverTypeId":"1ed6a315-4241-4254-92ae-17d0570ee038","sailthruAccount":"mnt","source":"menu_newsletter_link","titleOverride":"“You are my favorite medical source online”","callToAction":"Join us","id":"63422538-0caf-42be-8262-7835128de6ef","trackingNumber":39685,"adTagIds":["5bfa54a0-cb61-11ea-841d-230b5918b98d"],"articlePlacement":"headerNewsletter","image":"https://post.healthline.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/2ppuDefaultDesktop.jpg","secondarySubscriptionSubhead":"Other newsletters you won’t want to miss:","titleOverrideMobile":"“You are my favorite medical source online”","secondaryNewsletters":[],"descriptionModal":"Join the thousands who trust MNT for accurate, timely medical information. Our expert writers and medical professionals provide daily health news and insights. See why we’re the go-to source for savvy readers.","includeFeedbackStep":false,"driverType":"headerNewsletter","verticalId":"7b2406da-a0bd-42a6-95aa-7d6c6d2e0d75","verticalName":"MNT Daily","lists":["MNT Daily News"],"newsletterMeta":true,"name":"lifecycle_header_mnt_newsletter","imageDesktop":"https://post.healthline.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/2ppuDefaultDesktop.jpg","descriptionModalMobile":"","driverPlacementId":"d5b8e667-55c1-4a6d-b05d-728a1733109b","campaignName":"lifecycle_header_mnt_newsletter_39685","productId":"lifecycle_header_mnt_newsletter_39685","_uuid":"m5efb4991-ca0c-4bf4-bd3e-d543c5d57905mpd_headerNewsletter_ff4ad816-143d-4c2a-968c-ea480f595bfe","cpm":6.784762965001603e+307}],"placed":{},"placements":{},"state":{}},"e":[],"st":{"ddQ":[]},"jwp":{},"m":{"build":"13441520950","version":"28b9985ca2a50ff5d31ab1eab88cb147a7fdafd3","environment":"prod"}}; hlIs=!1; var googletag=googletag||{cmd:[]}; __hlConfig={"travelerScript":"https://traveler.content.now.optum.com/traveler.umd.js","urlPrefix":"www.","absUrl":true,"tagular":{"apiVersion":"v2/t","writeKey":"wk_1TqfDFRGHn0jTtfOmLxhMNY4pTU","sourceKey":"src_1TqfDEuTgPdTNAD39WZ0B6LTadQ","domainWhitelist":["www.medicalnewstoday.com","act.medicalnewstoday.com","frontend-stage.medicalnewstoday.com","act-stage.medicalnewstoday.com","activation.medicalnewstoday.com","activation-stage.medicalnewstoday.com"],"cookieDomain":"medicalnewstoday.com","multiparty":true,"reinforce":"https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/navi","experimentalFeatures":{"flocEnabled":true}},"preamp":{"siteId":"6Qj3rP1PNckR4MtGRqNxSi"},"metricServer":"https://pavlov-prod.healthline.com/","googleRecaptchaSiteKey":"6LcnaLsUAAAAANH8KtsMhmL_npjOmw-J2MKnzB5W","marketplaceAPI":"https://prepop.healthline.com/export/form-data/","activationHost":"https://activation.medicalnewstoday.com","datadogRUM":{"applicationId":"512348e0-2b09-41ef-ba89-972c7e598ad8","clientToken":"pub4a8701b4f057fee58e8d2a3dd85184f1"},"gtmServer":"https://gtm-server.healthline.com","gtmConfigValue":"GTM-MB6365D","aimDmdApiKey":"14-51-A5D1AD73","assetsServer":"https://assets.medicalnewstoday.com","algoliaAppId":"7835BOM3SG","algoliaSearchApiKey":"e34a454de65f33ce5820690f9032bcaf","algoliaSearchIndex":"crawler_Prod Healthline","algoliaQuerySuggestionIndex":"crawler_Prod Healthline_query_suggestions","oneTrustOrgId":"c69bb2d7-c8f5-4d6f-a080-8c2266e12003"}; _comscore=[]; __comscoreParams=[{"c1":"2","c2":"38584006","cs_ucfr":"","cs_fpit":"c","cs_fpdm":"*null","cs_fpdt":"*null","options":{"enableFirstPartyCookie":true,"bypassUserConsentRequirementFor1PCookie":true,"url_append":"comscorekw=main"}}]; function __uspapi(cmd, apiVer, callback) { if (cmd === 'getUSPData') { callback({ version: '1', uspString: __uspapi.d.usprivacy || '1YNY', }, true); } } __uspapi.d = {"usprivacy":"1YNY","ccpaApplies":true}; !function(){if('PerformanceLongTaskTiming' in window){var g=window.__tti={e:[]};g.o=new PerformanceObserver(function(l){g.e=g.e.concat(l.getEntries())});g.o.observe({entryTypes:['longtask']})}}(); function EventListener(eventName, listenerId, data, pingData) { this.eventName = eventName; this.listenerId = listenerId; this.data = data; this.pingData = pingData; } /** * Custom gpc handler for ?isGpc */ const params = new URLSearchParams(document.location.search); if (params.get('isGpc') !== null) { navigator.globalPrivacyControl = true; } /* Cohesion Configs */ function tagular(...args) { tagular.q.push(args); } tagular.q = []; function preamp(...args) { preamp.q.push(args); } preamp.q = []; function cohesion(...args) { cohesion.q.push(args); } cohesion.q = []; const tagularConfigs = {"apiVersion":"v2/t","writeKey":"wk_1TqfDFRGHn0jTtfOmLxhMNY4pTU","sourceKey":"src_1TqfDEuTgPdTNAD39WZ0B6LTadQ","domainWhitelist":["www.medicalnewstoday.com","act.medicalnewstoday.com","frontend-stage.medicalnewstoday.com","act-stage.medicalnewstoday.com","activation.medicalnewstoday.com","activation-stage.medicalnewstoday.com"],"cookieDomain":"medicalnewstoday.com","multiparty":true,"reinforce":"https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/navi","experimentalFeatures":{"flocEnabled":true}}; if (HL.i.enabled) { /* Only suppress some tagular events for infinite scroll */ Object.assign(tagularConfigs, { beamHook(event) { /* Executed every time beam is called and passed the event */ /* eslint-disable-next-line no-underscore-dangle */ window._Tagular.config.suppressBeam = event['@type'] === 'redventures.usertracking.v3.PageScrolled'; } }) } const preampConfigs = HL.ga.contentType === 'brand-page' ? false : { ...{"siteId":"6Qj3rP1PNckR4MtGRqNxSi"}, hooks: { /* Runs before Preamp requests a new decision */ beforeRun(cohesionConfig, done) { /* Adds k1 to custom Preamp values */ /* Allows Preamp experiences to be created based on the current K1 */ cohesionConfig.custom = { ...cohesionConfig.custom, k1: HL.ga.k1, }; done(); }, beforePlacement(placement, done) { const interval = setInterval(() => { if (window.afterMPD) { /* Defer preamp rendering until we have injected all MPDs as those */ /* need to be in the DOM for Preamp to inject into. */ afterMPD(done); clearInterval(interval); } },500) }, } }; /* eslint-disable-next-line no-underscore-dangle */ window._Cohesion = { k: 'cohesion', tagular: tagularConfigs, preamp: preampConfigs }; window._Tagular = { k: 'tagular' }; window._Preamp = { k: 'preamp', start: new Date(), docReady: true }; window._Fuse = { k: 'fuse', docReady: false }; window.tagular = tagular; window.preamp = preamp; window.fuse = () => {}; window.cohesion = cohesion; </script><script> var AdBridg = AdBridg || {cmd: []}; </script><script src="//prod.adspsp.com/adb.2418030m.min.js" async=""></script><script src="https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js" async=""></script><script src="https://pub.doubleverify.com/dvtag/20447058/DV1208979/pub.js" async=""></script><script> var skimlinks_settings = { skimlinks_exclude: ['www.amazon.com', 'amazon.com', 'amzn.to'] }; </script><script src="https://rvo-cohesion.medicalnewstoday.com/cohesion/cohesion-tpo.min.js?cDomain=medicalnewstoday.com" async=""></script><link href="https://c.aps.amazon-adsystem.com" rel="preconnect" crossorigin="true"/><script src="https://c.aps.amazon-adsystem.com/apstag.js" async=""></script><script>module={};__NEXT_DATA__={"buildId":"e7dc6e80-e54c-4715-95e8-36252de85733","props":{"ga":{"k1":"hivaids","k2":"infectious","kmeta":"","contentType":"Tabbed Article","author":"Jayne Leonard","articleType":"regular","sponsoredProgramId":"","articleId":"mnt-28117","mainContentCategoryTags":"","publishedDate":"2018-05-31","updatedDate":"2024-07-10","medReviewer":"Daniel Murrell, M.D.","category":"Blood / Hematology,HIV and AIDS,Infectious Diseases / Bacteria / Viruses,Sexual Health / STDs","subcategory":"","trackingTerms":"","ek1":"2159d0d474cde1","contentForm":"Non-Head Term","type":"healthfeature"},"lang":"en","data":{"k1":"hivaids","sideEffectsWidget":{},"livedExperience":{},"shareYourExperience":{},"drugSavingsData":null,"comments":[],"topComments":[],"id":"mnt-28117","title":["HIV vs. AIDS: What is the difference?"],"articleHistory":[],"updateReason":[],"isFeature":false,"isPaidMedia":false,"isEditorialPaidMedia":false,"isTransactionalPaidMedia":false,"authors":[{"id":953,"name":{"display":"Jayne Leonard","first":"Jayne","last":"Leonard"},"link":"/authors/jayne-leonard","type":{"value":"author","label":"Author"},"nid":"","specialties":[],"guestTitle":"","bio":{"text":"\u003cp\u003eJayne is a qualified counselor and psychotherapist, and she holds a diploma in nutritional therapy. At present, she is completing a master\u0026#8217;s degree in counselling and psychotherapy. She is passionate about the influence of diet and lifestyle on mental health and well-being. Through her work in both private and not-for-profit settings, she hopes to empower others to take charge of their lives and improve their physical and mental health.\u003c/p\u003e\n"},"avatar":{"title":"","width":500,"height":500,"src":"https://post.medicalnewstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2020/06/500x500_Jayne_Leonard.png"},"bioBlurb":{"nodes":["Jayne is a qualified counselor and psychotherapist, and she holds a diploma in nutritional therapy. At present, she is completing a master’s degree in…"]}}],"medicalReviewers":[{"id":127,"name":{"display":"Daniel Murrell, M.D.","first":"Daniel","last":"Murrell, MD"},"userLogin":"Daniel.s.murrell","links":{"website":"","facebook":"","linkedin":"","twitter":"","instagram":"","tiktok":""},"type":{"value":"medical_reviewer","label":"Medical Advisor"},"nid":"137754","specialties":[],"guestTitle":"","bio":{"text":""},"avatar":{"title":"","width":200,"height":200,"src":"https://post.medicalnewstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/daniel-murrell.png"}}],"editors":[{"role":"Editor","name":{"display":"Maggie Brown"}}],"pinterestImage":{"path":"https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2020/02/hiv-blood-sample-1.jpg"},"hideFeedback":false,"isMedicare":false,"isBlog":false,"publishSource":"wordpress","isAmpSupported":false,"categories":[{"name":"Blood / Hematology","slug":"blood","link":"/categories/blood","children":[]},{"name":"HIV and AIDS","slug":"hiv-aids","link":"/categories/hiv-aids","primary":true,"children":[]},{"name":"Infectious Diseases / Bacteria / Viruses","slug":"infectious_diseases","link":"/categories/infectious_diseases","children":[]},{"name":"Sexual Health / STDs","slug":"sexual-health","link":"/categories/sexual-health","children":[]}],"language":{"en":"https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/316019/","x-default":"https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/316019/","current":"en"},"lang":"en","links":[],"colorScheme":"default","isContentSeries":false,"brandCTAs":[],"clusterNavLinks":[],"clusterUrls":[],"clusterLinks":{"items":[{"url":"/articles/17131","title":"Overview"},{"url":"/articles/321920","title":"Symptoms"},{"url":"/articles/315920","title":"How is HIV transmitted"},{"url":"/articles/types-of-hiv-tests","title":"Types of tests"},{"url":"/articles/when-to-test-for-hiv","title":"When to test for HIV"},{"url":"/articles/drugs-biktarvy","title":"Biktarvy"},{"url":"/articles/drugs-biktarvy-side-effects","title":"Biktarvy side effects"},{"url":"/articles/drugs-biktarvy-interactions","title":"Biktarvy interactions"},{"url":"/articles/drugs-apretude","title":"Apretude"},{"url":"/articles/drugs-apretude-dosage","title":"Apretude dosage"},{"url":"/articles/drugs-apretude-cost","title":"Apretude cost"},{"url":"/articles/drugs-symtuza","title":"Symtuza"},{"url":"/articles/drugs-symtuza-dosage","title":"Symtuza dosage"},{"url":"/articles/drugs-symtuza-cost","title":"Symtuza cost"},{"url":"/articles/drugs-truvada-cost","title":"Truvada cost"},{"url":"/articles/drugs-triumeq-dosage","title":"Triumeq dosage"},{"url":"/articles/316056","title":"Symptoms timeline"},{"url":"/articles/311323","title":"Transmittion time"},{"url":"/articles/chances-of-getting-hiv","title":"Chances of getting HIV"},{"url":"/articles/323851","title":"HIV viral load"},{"url":"/articles/324321","title":"Life expectancy"},{"url":"/articles/324300","title":"Medications list"},{"url":"/articles/315928","title":"Early symptoms"},{"url":"/articles/is-there-a-cure-for-hiv","title":"Is there a cure?"},{"url":"/articles/undetectable-hiv","title":"Undetectable HIV"},{"url":"/articles/can-undetectable-hiv-become-detectable","title":"Becoming detectable"},{"url":"/articles/can-you-get-hiv-from-oral-sex","title":"From oral sex"},{"url":"/articles/323832","title":"HIV myths"},{"url":"/articles/common-hiv-symptoms-in-men","title":"Symptoms in men"},{"url":"/articles/324013","title":"Antiretroviral drugs"},{"url":"/articles/323835","title":"Symptoms in women"},{"url":"/articles/hiv-urine-color","title":"Urine color"},{"url":"/articles/signs-hiv-treatment-stops-working","title":"Treatment failure"},{"url":"/articles/prep-for-transgender-people","title":"PrEP and transgender people"},{"url":"/articles/323901","title":"4th generation test"},{"url":"/articles/sex-with-no-condom","title":"Sex with no condom"},{"url":"/articles/323845","title":"Acute HIV fever"},{"url":"/articles/hiv-nonreactive","title":"HIV non reactive"},{"url":"/articles/hiv-tongue","title":"HIV tongue"},{"url":"/articles/hiv-wasting-syndrome","title":"Wasting syndrome"},{"url":"/articles/hiv-night-sweats","title":"Night sweats"},{"url":"/articles/hiv-joint-pain","title":"Joint pain"},{"url":"/articles/hiv-neuropathy","title":"HIV neuropathy"},{"url":"/articles/oral-thrush-and-hiv","title":"Oral thrush and HIV"},{"url":"/articles/hiv-rna-tests","title":"HIV RNA tests"},{"url":"/articles/hiv-weight-loss","title":"HIV weight loss"},{"url":"/articles/hiv-confidentiality-laws-by-state","title":"Status disclosure laws"},{"url":"/articles/hiv-and-back-pain","title":"HIV and back pain"},{"url":"/articles/aids-t-cell-count","title":"AIDS T cell count"},{"url":"/articles/190664","title":"Cryptosporidiosis"},{"url":"/articles/hiv-stigma","title":"HIV stigma"},{"url":"/articles/323981","title":"Living with HIV"},{"url":"/articles/transgender-hiv","title":"HIV in transgender people"},{"url":"/articles/hiv-life-cycle","title":"HIV life cycle"},{"url":"/articles/hiv-aids-nutrition-and-diet","title":"Nutrition and DIet"},{"url":"/articles/early-detection-of-hiv","title":"Early detection"},{"url":"/articles/hiv-research","title":"HIV research"},{"url":"/articles/hiv-in-transgender-women","title":"In transgender women"},{"url":"/articles/candidiasis-and-hiv-link-treatment-and-prevention","title":"Candidiasis HIV"},{"url":"/articles/cd4-count","title":"CD4 count"},{"url":"/articles/rapid-hiv-test","title":"Rapid test"},{"url":"/articles/is-hiv-aids-a-disability","title":"Disability status"},{"url":"/articles/hiv-and-vitamin-d","title":"Vitamin D"},{"url":"/articles/hiv-in-pregnancy","title":"In pregnancy"},{"url":"/articles/nrtis","title":"NRTIs"},{"url":"/articles/hiv-encephalopathy","title":"HIV encephalopathy"},{"url":"/articles/prep-for-hiv","title":"Prep for HIV"},{"url":"/articles/is-hiv-an-std","title":"Is it an STD"},{"url":"/articles/hiv-after-gender-affirming-surgery","title":"After gender surgery"},{"url":"/articles/hiv-retinopathy","title":"Retinopathy"},{"url":"/articles/syphilis-and-hiv","title":"Syphilis and HIV"},{"url":"/articles/aids-defining-illness","title":"AIDS defining illnesses"},{"url":"/articles/covid-and-hiv","title":"COVID-19 and HIV"},{"url":"/articles/hiv-and-transgender-men","title":"HIV in trans men"},{"url":"/articles/lipodystrophy-hiv","title":"Lipodystrophy in HIV"},{"url":"/articles/needle-exchange-program-for-hiv","title":"Needle exchange program"},{"url":"/articles/perinatal-transmission-of-hiv","title":"Perinatal transmission"},{"url":"/articles/hiv-ati","title":"ATI for HIV"},{"url":"/articles/covid-vaccine-hiv","title":"COVID-19 vaccine and HIV"},{"url":"/articles/hiv-and-gender-affirming-hormone-therapy","title":"HIV and hormone therapy"},{"url":"/articles/statistics-of-aids-and-hiv","title":"HIV statistics"},{"url":"/articles/hiv-and-mental-health","title":"HIV and mental health"},{"url":"/articles/hiv-screenings","title":"HIV screenings"},{"url":"/articles/is-there-a-vaccine-for-hiv","title":"HIV vaccine"},{"url":"/articles/last-stages-of-aids-symptoms","title":"Later-stages symptoms"},{"url":"/articles/drugs-truvada-side-effects","title":"Truvada side effects"},{"url":"/articles/drugs-truvada-interactions","title":"Truvada interactions"},{"url":"/articles/drugs-truvada-dosage","title":"Truvada dosage"},{"url":"/articles/drugs-truvada-for-prep","title":"Truvada prep"},{"url":"/articles/drugs-biktarvy-vs-truvada","title":"Biktarvy vs. Truvada"},{"url":"/articles/drugs-truvada-vs-descovy","title":"Truvada and Descovy"},{"url":"/articles/switching-to-injectables-for-hiv","title":"Injectables for HIV"},{"url":"/articles/antiretroviral-therapy-and-hormone-therapy","title":"Antiretroviral therapy"},{"url":"/articles/drugs-apretude-side-effects","title":"Apretude side effects"},{"url":"/articles/drugs-cabenuva","title":"Cabenuva"},{"url":"/articles/drugs-cabenuva-cost","title":"Cabenuva cost"},{"url":"/articles/drugs-cabenuva-dosage","title":"Cabenuva dosage"},{"url":"/articles/at-home-hiv-tests","title":"Best at-home HIV tests"},{"url":"/articles/hiv-sores","title":"HIV sores"},{"url":"/articles/dovato","title":"Dovato"},{"url":"/articles/drugs-dovato-dosage","title":"Dovato dosage"},{"url":"/articles/drugs-dovato-cost","title":"Dovato cost"},{"url":"/articles/drugs-dovato-side-effects","title":"Dovato side effects"},{"url":"/articles/genvoya","title":"Genvoya"},{"url":"/articles/drugs-genvoya-side-effects","title":"Genvoya side effects"},{"url":"/articles/drugs-genvoya-dosage","title":"Genvoya dosage"},{"url":"/articles/drugs-biktarvy-cost","title":"Biktarvy cost"},{"url":"/articles/drugs-biktarvy-dosage","title":"Biktarvy dosage"},{"url":"/articles/triumeq","title":"Triumeq"},{"url":"/articles/drugs-triumeq-side-effects","title":"Triumeq side effects"},{"url":"/articles/drugs-triumeq-interactions","title":"Triumeq interactions"},{"url":"/articles/327102","title":"Descovy"},{"url":"/articles/drugs-descovy-dosage","title":"Descovy dosage"},{"url":"/articles/drugs-descovy-side-effects","title":"Descovy side effects"},{"url":"/articles/drugs-descovy-cost","title":"Descovy cost"},{"url":"/articles/drugs-descovy-interactions","title":"Descovy interactions"},{"url":"/articles/drugs-descovy-for-prep","title":"Descovy for PrEP"},{"url":"/articles/drugs-symtuza-side-effects","title":"Symtuza side effects"},{"url":"/articles/drugs-symtuza-interactions","title":"Symtuza interactions"},{"url":"/articles/cdi-isentress-dosage","title":"Isentress dosage"},{"url":"/articles/drugs-efavirenz-emtricitabine-tenofovir-tablet-dosage","title":"Efavirenz dosage"},{"url":"/articles/drugs-stribild-side-effects","title":"Stribild side effects"},{"url":"/articles/stribild","title":"Etribild"},{"url":"/articles/drugs-stribild-interactions","title":"Stribild interactions"},{"url":"/articles/drugs-stribild-dosage","title":"Stribild dosage"},{"url":"/articles/mnt-investigates-hiv-care-in-black-and-latino-communities","title":"Inequities in HIV care"}]},"pathingTilesData":{},"pathingCardsData":{},"inArticlePathingCardsData":[],"quantitativeTrustData":{},"isPrependRecipeH2":false,"recipes":[],"hideTabs":false,"tabs":[{"id":"_noHeaderPrefixedContent","title":null,"header":null,"body":[{"tagName":"div","source":"\u003cp class=\"css-4aeg3z\"\u003eHIV infection and AIDS are not the same condition, and they are not the same diagnosis. \u003c/p\u003e"},{"tagName":"p","source":"\u003ca href=\"https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/17131.php\" title=\"Explaining HIV and AIDS\" class=\"content-link css-90fpmc keywords\"\u003eHIV\u003c/a\u003e is a virus that attacks a type of white blood cell called a CD4 cell in the body’s immune system."},{"tagName":"div","attributes":{"data-preamp":"serena-chatbot"},"source":""},{"tagName":"p","source":"It reduces the body’s ability to fight infection and illness. The body can fight off many viruses, but some of them can never be completely removed once they are present. HIV is one of these."},{"tagName":"p","source":"However, treatment with antiretroviral therapy can minimize the effect of the virus by slowing or halting its progression. Treatment can now reduce the amount of virus in the bloodstream to levels where it is no longer detectable. This means the body remains healthy, and the virus cannot be transmitted. "},{"tagName":"p","source":"\u003ca href=\"https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/17131.php\" title=\"Explaining HIV and AIDS\" class=\"content-link css-90fpmc keywords\"\u003eAIDS\u003c/a\u003e is a syndrome, or range of symptoms, that may develop in time in a person with HIV who does not receive treatment. A person can have HIV without developing AIDS, but it is not possible to have AIDS without first having HIV. "}]},{"id":"how does HIV lead to AIDS","title":"How is HIV different from AIDS?","isCollapsable":false,"header":["How is HIV different from AIDS?"],"body":[{"tagName":"div","source":"\u003cfigure class=\"css-1p5qnda\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"css-rwmw5v\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"css-179ddaw\"\u003e\u003cpicture class=\"css-16pk1is\"\u003e\u003csource srcSet=\"//i0.wp.com/cdn-prod.medicalnewstoday.com/content/images/articles/316/316019/hiv-blood-sample.jpg?w=1575 750w\" media=\"(min-width: 1190px)\"/\u003e\u003csource srcSet=\"//i0.wp.com/cdn-prod.medicalnewstoday.com/content/images/articles/316/316019/hiv-blood-sample.jpg?w=1575 750w\" media=\"(min-width: 990px)\"/\u003e\u003csource srcSet=\"//i0.wp.com/cdn-prod.medicalnewstoday.com/content/images/articles/316/316019/hiv-blood-sample.jpg?w=1845 879w\" media=\"(min-width: 768px)\"/\u003e\u003cimg src=\"//i0.wp.com/cdn-prod.medicalnewstoday.com/content/images/articles/316/316019/hiv-blood-sample.jpg?w=1155\u0026h=978\" alt=\"HIV blood sample\" class=\"css-1jytyml\"/\u003e\u003c/picture\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003chl-share-overlay class=\"css-1mqo1cs\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"css-90fpmc icon-hl-pinterest css-by55vd\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" data-event=\"Any Page|Image Pinterest Click|Icon Clicked\" data-element-event=\"OPEN|CONTENTBLOCK|Any Page|Article Body|BUTTON|Image Widget Pinterest Click|\" href=\"https://www.pinterest.com/pin/create/button/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalnewstoday.com%2Farticles%2F316019\u0026media=https%3A%2F%2Fcdn-prod.medicalnewstoday.com%2Fcontent%2Fimages%2Farticles%2F316%2F316019%2Fhiv-blood-sample.jpg\u0026description=HIV%20vs.%20AIDS%3A%20Differences%20and%20connections\" title=\"Share on Pinterest\" data-pin-custom=\"true\" data-share-url=\"https://cdn-prod.medicalnewstoday.com/content/images/articles/316/316019/hiv-blood-sample.jpg\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"css-z1zfa\"\u003eShare on Pinterest\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/hl-share-overlay\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"css-13b3g0x\"\u003eAIDS can only develop after having HIV, but not everyone with HIV will develop AIDS.\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e"},{"tagName":"p","source":"People who follow an effective treatment regimen are unlikely ever to develop AIDS."},{"tagName":"p","source":"Left untreated, however, HIV continues to damage the immune system."},{"tagName":"p","source":"This increases the risk of developing an opportunistic infection or health condition. Some of these conditions can be life-threatening."},{"tagName":"h3","source":"Opportunistic infections and diseases"},{"tagName":"p","source":"The \u003chl-trusted-source source=\"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)\" rationale=\"Governmental authority\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/livingwithhiv/opportunisticinfections.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-90fpmc\"\u003eCenters for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/hl-trusted-source\u003e define opportunistic infections as “infections that occur more frequently and are more severe in individuals with weakened immune systems.”"},{"tagName":"p","source":"Examples of opportunistic infections and other diseases that can develop in those with HIV include:"},{"tagName":"ul","source":"\u003cli\u003e\u003ca class=\"content-link css-90fpmc keywords\" title=\"What is Cancer?\" href=\"https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/info/cancer-oncology/\"\u003ecancers\u003c/a\u003e, such as invasive \u003ca class=\"content-link css-90fpmc keywords\" title=\"What you need to know about cervical cancer\" href=\"https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/159821.php\"\u003ecervical cancer\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca class=\"content-link css-90fpmc keywords\" title=\"What is Lung Cancer?\" href=\"https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/info/lung-cancer/\"\u003elung cancer\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca class=\"content-link css-90fpmc keywords\" title=\"What is Kaposi sarcoma?\" href=\"https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/173259.php\"\u003eKaposi’s sarcoma\u003c/a\u003e, carcinomas, and \u003ca class=\"content-link css-90fpmc keywords\" title=\"What to know about lymphoma\" href=\"https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/146136.php\"\u003elymphomas\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003ca class=\"content-link css-90fpmc keywords\" title=\"What you need to know about a yeast infection\" href=\"https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/151172.php\"\u003ecandidiasis\u003c/a\u003e, a fungal infection of the throat or lungs\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003ca class=\"content-link css-90fpmc keywords\" title=\"Everything you need to know about cytomegalovirus\" href=\"https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/173811.php\"\u003ecytomegalovirus\u003c/a\u003e, a viral infection that can cause blindness and other complications\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003epneumocystis \u003ca class=\"content-link css-90fpmc keywords\" title=\"What you should know about pneumonia\" href=\"https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/151632.php\"\u003epneumonia\u003c/a\u003e, a fungal form of pneumonia that can be fatal\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003etoxoplasmosis, a parasitic infection of the brain\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003ca class=\"content-link css-90fpmc keywords\" title=\"All you need to know about tuberculosis\" href=\"https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/8856.php\"\u003etuberculosis\u003c/a\u003e (TB), a bacterial infection of the lungs\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003ecryptococcosis, a fungal infection that can lead to pneumonia\u003c/li\u003e"},{"tagName":"p","source":"There may also be co-infections, which is when two infections tend to occur together, \u003chl-trusted-source source=\"PubMed Central\" rationale=\"Highly respected database from the National Institutes of Health\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3697435/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-90fpmc\"\u003efor example\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/hl-trusted-source\u003e, TB and cryptococcal disease, or \u003ca href=\"http://www.hivscotland.com/about-hiv/living-with-hiv/treatment/co-infection/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-90fpmc\"\u003ea combination of\u003c/a\u003e TB, \u003ca class=\"content-link css-90fpmc keywords\" title=\"Everything you need to know about hepatitis B\" href=\"https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/306288.php\"\u003ehepatitis B\u003c/a\u003e, and \u003ca class=\"content-link css-90fpmc keywords\" title=\"Everything you need to know about hepatitis C\" href=\"https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/294705.php\"\u003ehepatitis C\u003c/a\u003e."},{"tagName":"h3","source":"AIDS: Stage 3 of HIV infection"},{"tagName":"p","source":"AIDS is the final stage (stage 3) of HIV infection. It is diagnosed based on a CD4 cell count or the development of one or more opportunistic infections. Stage 1 is the acute stage of HIV and stage 2 is the clinical latency stage. More information on these two stages is included later in the article."},{"tagName":"p","source":"The CD4 cell count in healthy individuals ranges from 500 to 1,600 cells per cubic millimeter of blood (cells/mm\u003csup\u003e3\u003c/sup\u003e). According to AIDS.gov, those with HIV are considered to have developed AIDS when their CD4 cell count drops to under \u003ca href=\"https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/starting-hiv-care/getting-ready-for-your-first-visit/what-to-expect-at-your-first-hiv-care-visit\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-90fpmc\"\u003e200 cells/mm\u003csup\u003e3\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/a\u003e."},{"tagName":"p","source":"Without medical treatment, AIDS typically develops \u003chl-trusted-source source=\"PubMed Central\" rationale=\"Highly respected database from the National Institutes of Health\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4818110/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-90fpmc\"\u003ebetween 2 and 15 years\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/hl-trusted-source\u003e after contracting the HIV virus."},{"tagName":"p","source":"The rate at which the virus progresses depends on many factors, including the patient’s age, general health, genetics, the presence of other infections, and standard of health care."},{"tagName":"p","source":"Some people with the HIV virus will never develop AIDS. Those who use medication are unlikely ever to have it."},{"tagName":"h3","source":"What does undetectable mean?"},{"tagName":"p","source":"Current treatment can reduce levels of the HIV virus to the extent that levels of virus in the blood are too low to be significant. These levels are \u003ca class=\"content-link css-90fpmc sl\" href=\"https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/undetectable-hiv\" data-revision=\"1c807248fdac2bd96f90323b00f87ad5\"\u003eundetectable\u003c/a\u003e."},{"tagName":"p","source":"\u003cstrong\u003eWhile the virus is undetectable, it does not affect the person’s daily life, and it will not necessarily shorten their lifespan. At this point, the virus is also untransmittable. It cannot be passed on to another person. \u003c/strong\u003e"},{"tagName":"p","source":"If a person seeks treatment in the early stages and follows it throughout their life, they can usually expect to live \u003ca href=\"https://www.nhs.uk/chq/Pages/3106.aspx?CategoryID=118\u0026SubCategoryID=126\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-90fpmc\"\u003eas long as\u003c/a\u003e a person without HIV."},{"widget":{"widgetFormat":"widget-call-out","items":[{"headerTitle":["HIV and AIDS resources"],"content":[{"tagName":"p","attributes":{"className":"standout--body"},"source":"For more in-depth information and resources on HIV and AIDS, visit our \u003ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/hiv-and-aids\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"content-link css-90fpmc\"\u003ededicated hub\u003c/a\u003e."}]}]},"brandPage":{}}]},{"id":"causes of HIV and AIDS","title":"Causes","isCollapsable":false,"header":["Causes of HIV and AIDS"],"body":[{"tagName":"div","source":"\u003cfigure class=\"css-1p5qnda\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"css-rwmw5v\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"css-179ddaw\"\u003e\u003clazy-image alt=\"Man and woman in bed holding a condom\" src=\"//i0.wp.com/cdn-prod.medicalnewstoday.com/content/images/articles/316/316019/man-and-woman-in-bed-holding-a-condom.jpg?w=1155\u0026h=978\" srcSet=\"//i0.wp.com/cdn-prod.medicalnewstoday.com/content/images/articles/316/316019/man-and-woman-in-bed-holding-a-condom.jpg?w=1845 879w,//i0.wp.com/cdn-prod.medicalnewstoday.com/content/images/articles/316/316019/man-and-woman-in-bed-holding-a-condom.jpg?w=1575 750w,//i0.wp.com/cdn-prod.medicalnewstoday.com/content/images/articles/316/316019/man-and-woman-in-bed-holding-a-condom.jpg?w=1575 750w\" className=\"css-1jytyml\"\u003e\u003c/lazy-image\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003chl-share-overlay class=\"css-1mqo1cs\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"css-90fpmc icon-hl-pinterest css-by55vd\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" data-event=\"Any Page|Image Pinterest Click|Icon Clicked\" data-element-event=\"OPEN|CONTENTBLOCK|Any Page|Article Body|BUTTON|Image Widget Pinterest Click|\" href=\"https://www.pinterest.com/pin/create/button/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalnewstoday.com%2Farticles%2F316019\u0026media=https%3A%2F%2Fcdn-prod.medicalnewstoday.com%2Fcontent%2Fimages%2Farticles%2F316%2F316019%2Fman-and-woman-in-bed-holding-a-condom.jpg\u0026description=HIV%20vs.%20AIDS%3A%20Differences%20and%20connections\" title=\"Share on Pinterest\" data-pin-custom=\"true\" data-share-url=\"https://cdn-prod.medicalnewstoday.com/content/images/articles/316/316019/man-and-woman-in-bed-holding-a-condom.jpg\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"css-z1zfa\"\u003eShare on Pinterest\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/hl-share-overlay\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"css-13b3g0x\"\u003e HIV may be transmitted in a number of ways such as through unprotected sex and during childbirth.\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e"},{"tagName":"p","source":" AIDS was \u003chl-trusted-source source=\"PubMed Central\" rationale=\"Highly respected database from the National Institutes of Health\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3234451/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-90fpmc\"\u003efirst recognized\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/hl-trusted-source\u003e as a distinct condition in 1981. "},{"tagName":"p","source":"Health workers started noticing that an unusual number of opportunistic infections and cancers appeared to be affecting particular groups of people."},{"tagName":"p","source":"Once people had the virus, their immunity to certain diseases would decrease over time, and the syndrome, AIDS, would develop."},{"tagName":"p","source":"The cause of the problem was traced back to a retrovirus, the human immunodeficiency virus, HIV-1."},{"tagName":"p","source":"HIV-1 is transmitted between humans through the exchange of bodily fluids."},{"tagName":"p","source":"This can happen through: "},{"tagName":"ul","source":"\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSexual contact\u003c/strong\u003e: HIV \u003chl-trusted-source source=\"PubMed Central\" rationale=\"Highly respected database from the National Institutes of Health\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3234451/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-90fpmc\"\u003ecan be passed\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/hl-trusted-source\u003e from one person to another through \u003ca class=\"content-link css-90fpmc sl\" href=\"https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/sex-with-no-condom\" data-revision=\"1c807248fdac2bd96f90323b00f87ad5\"\u003econdomless\u003c/a\u003e oral, anal, or vaginal intercourse, if one partner has HIV levels in their blood that are detectable, in other words, above 200 copies per milliliter.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePregnancy or childbirth\u003c/strong\u003e: A mother who has the HIV virus, or who has developed AIDS, may pass the virus to her child during pregnancy, childbirth, or even through breast-feeding.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBlood transfusion\u003c/strong\u003e: Nowadays, the risk of passing on the virus in this way is extremely low in developed countries, because there are strict screening systems.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSyringe and needle use\u003c/strong\u003e: Sharing equipment for injecting drugs with others increases the chance of getting the virus.\u003c/li\u003e"},{"tagName":"p","source":"Those who need to take special precautions include:"},{"tagName":"ul","source":"\u003cli\u003eanyone who deals with needles or injects medication or other drugs\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003ehealth workers who deal with sharps\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003ethose who give and receive tattoos and piercings\u003c/li\u003e"},{"tagName":"p","source":"It is essential to follow specific guidelines when using and disposing of needles and other sharp objects that may pierce the skin."},{"tagName":"h3","source":"PrEP can offer protection"},{"tagName":"p","source":"People who do not have HIV but who are at risk of contracting the virus \u003chl-trusted-source source=\"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)\" rationale=\"Governmental authority\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/risk/prep/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-90fpmc\"\u003ecan protect themselves\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/hl-trusted-source\u003e through pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP)."},{"tagName":"p","source":"Under the brand name Truvuda, this pill contains two medications — tenofovir and emtricitabine — that can stop the virus from taking hold, even if exposure occurs."},{"tagName":"p","source":"According to the CDC, consistent use of PrEP can reduce the chance of infection by up to 92 percent."},{"tagName":"p","source":"According to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/Page/Document/RecommendationStatementFinal/prevention-of-human-immunodeficiency-virus-hiv-infection-pre-exposure-prophylaxis\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-90fpmc\"\u003e2019 guidelines\u003c/a\u003e from the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, only people with a recent negative HIV test result are suitable candidates for PrEP. Those with a high risk of HIV should take PrEP once per day."}]},{"id":"symptoms of HIV and AIDS","title":"Symptoms","isCollapsable":false,"header":["Symptoms of HIV and AIDS"],"body":[{"tagName":"p","source":" The symptoms of HIV vary widely. They depend on the individual, management of the virus, and the stage of the condition. "},{"tagName":"h3","source":"Acute stage symptoms"},{"tagName":"p","source":" In the first stage of HIV, 2 to 4 weeks after getting the virus, people can experience flu-like symptoms including: "},{"tagName":"ul","source":"\u003cli\u003eaching muscles\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003echills\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/248002.php\" title=\"Fatigue: Why am I so tired and what can I do about it?\" class=\"content-link css-90fpmc keywords\"\u003efatigue\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/168266.php\" title=\"Fever: What you need to know\" class=\"content-link css-90fpmc keywords\"\u003efever\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003emouth ulcers\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003ca class=\"content-link css-90fpmc sl\" href=\"https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/hiv-night-sweats\" data-revision=\"1c807248fdac2bd96f90323b00f87ad5\"\u003enight sweats\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003erashes\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/155412.php\" title=\"Strep throat: Causes, diagnosis, and treatments\" class=\"content-link css-90fpmc keywords\"\u003esore throat\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003ca class=\"content-link css-90fpmc sl\" href=\"https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/316336\" data-revision=\"1c807248fdac2bd96f90323b00f87ad5\"\u003eswollen lymph nodes\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e"},{"tagName":"p","source":"Not everyone with HIV will experience these symptoms. Some people do not experience symptoms for 10 years or more. "},{"tagName":"h3","source":"Clinical latency stage symptoms"},{"tagName":"p","source":" During stage 2, the virus is active but reproduces at very low levels. At this stage, there may be only mild symptoms, or none at all. "},{"tagName":"p","source":" Medication can help stop the virus from progressing and keep it in this stage. It can reduce the levels of the virus so that they are undetectable, cannot be passed on, and have no impact on the person’s health. "},{"tagName":"h3","source":"AIDS symptoms"},{"tagName":"p","source":" AIDS is different from HIV, and it is a distinct diagnosis, although it is considered to be the third and final stage of the virus."},{"tagName":"p","source":"It happens because the immune system becomes susceptible to a range of infections."},{"tagName":"p","source":"Symptoms at this stage are related to the various infections that may develop. They can vary greatly. "},{"tagName":"p","source":"Some of the more common symptoms include: "},{"tagName":"ul","source":"\u003cli\u003eblotches under the skin or in the mouth and nose\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eblurred vision\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003echronic \u003ca href=\"https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/158634.php\" title=\"What you should know about diarrhea\" class=\"content-link css-90fpmc keywords\"\u003ediarrhea\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003econtinuous swelling of the lymph glands\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eextreme fatigue\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003efever that keeps returning\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eneurological issues including memory loss\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003epneumonia\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003erapid weight loss\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003esores in the mouth, anus, or genitals\u003c/li\u003e"},{"tagName":"p","source":"The symptoms associated with AIDS vary widely, and a diagnosis cannot be made on this basis. Tests will be needed to make a formal diagnosis. "}]},{"id":"testing and diagnosis","title":"Diagnosis","isCollapsable":false,"header":["Diagnosis"],"body":[{"tagName":"p","source":"The symptoms alone cannot show that a person has either HIV or AIDS. This is because they vary widely and they can also be a sign of other conditions."},{"tagName":"h3","source":"Diagnosis of HIV"},{"tagName":"div","source":"\u003cfigure class=\"css-1p5qnda\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"css-rwmw5v\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"css-179ddaw\"\u003e\u003clazy-image alt=\"Blood test\" src=\"//i0.wp.com/cdn-prod.medicalnewstoday.com/content/images/articles/316/316019/blood-test.jpg?w=1155\u0026h=978\" srcSet=\"//i0.wp.com/cdn-prod.medicalnewstoday.com/content/images/articles/316/316019/blood-test.jpg?w=1845 879w,//i0.wp.com/cdn-prod.medicalnewstoday.com/content/images/articles/316/316019/blood-test.jpg?w=1575 750w,//i0.wp.com/cdn-prod.medicalnewstoday.com/content/images/articles/316/316019/blood-test.jpg?w=1575 750w\" className=\"css-1jytyml\"\u003e\u003c/lazy-image\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003chl-share-overlay class=\"css-1mqo1cs\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"css-90fpmc icon-hl-pinterest css-by55vd\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" data-event=\"Any Page|Image Pinterest Click|Icon Clicked\" data-element-event=\"OPEN|CONTENTBLOCK|Any Page|Article Body|BUTTON|Image Widget Pinterest Click|\" href=\"https://www.pinterest.com/pin/create/button/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalnewstoday.com%2Farticles%2F316019\u0026media=https%3A%2F%2Fcdn-prod.medicalnewstoday.com%2Fcontent%2Fimages%2Farticles%2F316%2F316019%2Fblood-test.jpg\u0026description=HIV%20vs.%20AIDS%3A%20Differences%20and%20connections\" title=\"Share on Pinterest\" data-pin-custom=\"true\" data-share-url=\"https://cdn-prod.medicalnewstoday.com/content/images/articles/316/316019/blood-test.jpg\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"css-z1zfa\"\u003eShare on Pinterest\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/hl-share-overlay\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\"css-13b3g0x\"\u003e HIV is diagnosed with a blood test, and early testing is always recommended. \u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e"},{"tagName":"p","source":" HIV is diagnosed by a blood test or oral swab that looks for the presence of antibodies produced by the body in an attempt to fight the virus, as well as the proteins produced by the virus during replication. "},{"tagName":"p","source":"The time taken for these antibodies to show up in blood can range from several weeks to several months."},{"tagName":"p","source":"Repeat testing may be necessary, depending on the initial time of exposure. "},{"tagName":"p","source":" However, early testing is always advisable, as an appropriate treatment plan can then be implemented to help stop further progression of the virus."},{"tagName":"p","source":"Those who get tested early after exposure are at a lower risk of transmitting the virus to others, as they can receive effective treatment. "},{"tagName":"p","children":["Self-testing kits for HIV ",{"tagName":"a","attributes":{"href":"https://www.amazon.com/s?k=hiv+testing+kit\u0026i=aps\u0026tag=healthline-subtag-20","target":"_blank","rel":"noopener noreferrer nofollow sponsored nofollow","className":"content-link content-link is_affiliate_link css-18gsab6","data-sponsors":"amazon.com","data-sponsor-index":1},"source":"are available for purchase online"},", but users should ensure ",{"tagName":"hl-trusted-source","attributes":{"source":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","rationale":"Governmental authority"},"source":"\u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/testing/hometests.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link content-link css-18gsab6\"\u003ethey are approved\u003c/a\u003e"}," by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA)."]},{"tagName":"p"},{"tagName":"h3","source":"Diagnosis of AIDS"},{"tagName":"p","source":" If a person has a diagnosis of HIV and they then receive a CD4 cell count result of under 200 cells/mm\u003csup\u003e3\u003c/sup\u003e or are experiencing certain opportunistic infections, they will have a diagnosis of AIDS. "}]},{"id":"treatment","title":"Treatment","isCollapsable":false,"header":["Treatment"],"body":[{"tagName":"p","source":" Proper treatment plans and early intervention mean those with HIV can enjoy a good quality of life. Treatment will be provided by a team of professionals, not only doctors. "},{"tagName":"p","source":"In the past, a person with HIV \u003ca href=\"https://www.aids.gov/hiv-aids-basics/hiv-aids-101/what-is-hiv-aids/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-90fpmc\"\u003ecould develop\u003c/a\u003e AIDS within a few years. Now, many people with HIV will never develop AIDS, because effective treatment is available. Without treatment, a person who develops AIDS can expect to live for another 3 years, unless they experience a life-threatening complication."},{"tagName":"p","source":" Treatment consists primarily of medication, including antiretroviral therapy (ART). Once treatment starts, it is important to continue, or \u003ca href=\"https://aidsinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv-aids/fact-sheets/21/56/drug-resistance\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-90fpmc\"\u003edrug resistance can develop\u003c/a\u003e."},{"tagName":"p","source":" People with either HIV or AIDS normally use a combination of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) drugs that help to slow the progression of the virus. "},{"tagName":"p","source":" This medication is adjusted to suit each individual, and it needs to be taken for life. "},{"widget":{"widgetFormat":"end-of-section-link","htmlAttrs":{"className":"end-of-section-link","data-destination-url":"https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/signs-hiv-treatment-stops-working/","data-display-text":"Signs that HIV treatment has stopped working","data-prompt":"MORE:"}}}]},{"id":"hiv prevention","title":"Prevention","isCollapsable":false,"header":["HIV prevention"],"body":[{"tagName":"p","source":" Several steps can be taken to prevent contraction of HIV. These include: "},{"tagName":"ul","source":"\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP): \u003c/strong\u003eTaken regularly, this can prevent HIV from developing, even if a person is exposed to the virus.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePost-exposure prophylaxis (PEP)\u003c/strong\u003e: This is an emergency treatment given to reduce the likelihood of HIV infection after exposure to the virus. To be effective, it should be taken within 72 hours of exposure, and the full 28-day course of treatment completed. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimate that PEP can reduce the risk of HIV infection by \u003chl-trusted-source source=\"World Health Organization\" rationale=\"Highly respected international organization\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://www.who.int/hiv/topics/prophylaxis/info/en/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-90fpmc\"\u003eover 80 percent\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/hl-trusted-source\u003e.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUsing condoms\u003c/strong\u003e: Many infections, including HIV, can be spread through unprotected sexual intercourse. Using condoms can help protect against many health problems.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTaking steps during pregnancy\u003c/strong\u003e: If HIV is present during pregnancy, medications can help prevent the virus from affecting the child. Additional steps include cesarean delivery and bottle feeding rather than breast-feeding in certain circumstances. A health provider can advise on the best option for each individual. Effective pre-natal treatment means that many women with HIV have healthy babies who do not have HIV.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAvoiding sharing needles\u003c/strong\u003e: Needle exchange programs exist to reduce the need to share syringes and needles.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReducing exposure to bodily fluids\u003c/strong\u003e: Health workers should use gloves, masks, and other forms of barrier protection to reduce the chance of exposure to conditions that may be passed on through blood, including HIV. Other precautions include thoroughly and regularly washing the skin after contact with bodily fluids.\u003c/li\u003e"},{"tagName":"p","source":"A person who has a diagnosis of HIV can delay or prevent AIDS from developing by seeking early treatment and following the treatment plan as recommended."},{"tagName":"p","source":"It is also important to avoid exposure to other infections and to maintain a healthful lifestyle to support the immune system. "}]}],"hasAffiliateLinks":true,"affiliates":["other"],"isDisclaimer":true,"isOwnedAndOperatedPresent":false,"propsFor":{"articleResources":[{"displayLink":"ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4818110/","link":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4818110/","title":{"tagName":"span","source":"Bhatti, A. B., Usman, M., \u0026amp; Kandi, V. (2016, March 1). Current scenario of HIV/AIDS, treatment options, and major challenges with compliance to antiretroviral therapy. \u003cem\u003eCureus\u003c/em\u003e, 8(3), e515"}},{"displayLink":"hiv.gov/hiv-basics/starting-hiv-care/getting-ready-for-your-first-visit/what-to-expect-at-your-first-hiv-care-visit","link":"https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/starting-hiv-care/getting-ready-for-your-first-visit/what-to-expect-at-your-first-hiv-care-visit","title":{"tagName":"span","source":"What can I expect at my medical visits? (2017, May 15)"}},{"displayLink":"ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3697435/","link":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3697435/","title":{"tagName":"span","source":"Chang, C. C., Crane, M., Zhou, J., Mina, M., Post, J. J. Cameron, B. A., ... Lewin, S. R. (2013).\u0026nbsp;HIV and co-infections. \u003cem\u003eImmunology Review,\u0026nbsp;254\u003c/em\u003e(1), 114\u0026ndash;142"}},{"displayLink":"hivscotland.com/about-hiv/living-with-hiv/treatment/co-infection/","link":"http://www.hivscotland.com/about-hiv/living-with-hiv/treatment/co-infection/","title":{"tagName":"span","source":"Co-infection. (n.d.)"}},{"displayLink":"aidsinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv-aids/fact-sheets/21/56/drug-resistance","link":"https://aidsinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv-aids/fact-sheets/21/56/drug-resistance","title":{"tagName":"span","source":"Drug resistance. (2018, January 16)"}},{"displayLink":"uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/Page/Document/RecommendationStatementFinal/prevention-of-human-immunodeficiency-virus-hiv-infection-pre-exposure-prophylaxis","link":"https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/Page/Document/RecommendationStatementFinal/prevention-of-human-immunodeficiency-virus-hiv-infection-pre-exposure-prophylaxis","title":{"tagName":"span","source":"Final recommendation statement: Prevention of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Infection: Preexposure prophylaxis. (2019)."}},{"displayLink":"cdc.gov/hiv/testing/hometests.html","link":"https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/testing/hometests.html","title":{"tagName":"span","source":"Home tests. (2015, October 16)"}},{"displayLink":"cdc.gov/hiv/basics/livingwithhiv/opportunisticinfections.html","link":"https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/livingwithhiv/opportunisticinfections.html","title":{"tagName":"span","source":"Opportunistic infections. (2016, August 25)"}},{"displayLink":"who.int/hiv/topics/prophylaxis/info/en/","link":"http://www.who.int/hiv/topics/prophylaxis/info/en/","title":{"tagName":"span","source":"Post-exposure prophylaxis to prevent HIV infection [Fact sheet]. (2014, December 1)"}},{"displayLink":"ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3234451/","link":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3234451/","title":{"tagName":"span","source":"Sharp, P. M., \u0026amp; Hahn, B. H. (2011, September). Origins of HIV and the AIDS pandemic. \u003cem\u003eCold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine\u003c/em\u003e, 1(1), a006841"}},{"displayLink":"aids.gov/hiv-aids-basics/hiv-aids-101/what-is-hiv-aids/","link":"https://www.aids.gov/hiv-aids-basics/hiv-aids-101/what-is-hiv-aids/","title":{"tagName":"span","source":"What is HIV/AIDS? (2016, July 14)"}},{"displayLink":"nhs.uk/chq/Pages/3106.aspx?CategoryID=118\u0026SubCategoryID=126","link":"https://www.nhs.uk/chq/Pages/3106.aspx?CategoryID=118\u0026SubCategoryID=126","title":{"tagName":"span","source":"What is the life expectancy for someone with HIV? (2018, May 18)"}}],"byline":{"authors":[{"id":953,"name":{"display":"Jayne Leonard","first":"Jayne","last":"Leonard"},"link":"/authors/jayne-leonard","type":{"value":"author","label":"Author"},"nid":"","specialties":[],"guestTitle":"","bio":{"text":"\u003cp\u003eJayne is a qualified counselor and psychotherapist, and she holds a diploma in nutritional therapy. At present, she is completing a master\u0026#8217;s degree in counselling and psychotherapy. She is passionate about the influence of diet and lifestyle on mental health and well-being. Through her work in both private and not-for-profit settings, she hopes to empower others to take charge of their lives and improve their physical and mental health.\u003c/p\u003e\n"},"avatar":{"title":"","width":500,"height":500,"src":"https://post.medicalnewstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2020/06/500x500_Jayne_Leonard.png"}}],"medicalReviewers":[{"id":127,"name":{"display":"Daniel Murrell, M.D.","first":"Daniel","last":"Murrell, MD"},"userLogin":"Daniel.s.murrell","links":{"website":"","facebook":"","linkedin":"","twitter":"","instagram":"","tiktok":""},"type":{"value":"medical_reviewer","label":"Medical Advisor"},"nid":"137754","specialties":[],"guestTitle":"","bio":{"text":""},"avatar":{"title":"","width":200,"height":200,"src":"https://post.medicalnewstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/daniel-murrell.png"}}],"id":"mnt-28117","updateReason":[],"editor":"Maggie Brown","factCheckedBy":"","factCheckers":[],"articleHistory":[],"articleDates":{"factChecked":{"date":null,"display":""},"medicallyReviewed":{"date":1527764400,"display":"May 31, 2018"},"published":{"date":1527764400,"display":"May 31, 2018"},"lastUpdates":{"date":1527764400,"display":"May 31, 2018"},"modified":{"date":1720643324,"display":"July 10, 2024"}},"type":"healthfeature","language":"en"},"readNext":{"items":[{"title":["What to know about HIV encephalopathy"],"text":["HIV encephalopathy is a potential complication of HIV that results from inflammation of the brain. Antiretroviral therapy may prevent the condition or…"],"link":"/articles/hiv-encephalopathy","imageAlt":"What to know about HIV encephalopathy","thumbnail":"https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2021/05/HIV_encephalopathy_GettyImages1199813214_Thumb.jpg","medicallyReviewedBy":{"reviewerName":"Cameron White, M.D., MPH","reviewerImage":{"path":"https://post.medicalnewstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Cameron-White-MD-MPH-Mary-Morrison_edit.png","width":200,"height":200,"altText":""},"specialties":[]},"isNutrition":false,"authors":[{"id":2878,"name":{"display":"Mary West","first":"Mary","last":"West"},"userLogin":"mwest","links":{"website":"","facebook":"","linkedin":"","twitter":"","instagram":"","tiktok":""},"link":"/authors/mary-west","type":{"value":"author","label":"Author"},"nid":"","specialties":[],"guestTitle":"","bio":{"text":"\u003cp data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\"\u003eMary West is a freelance writer based in Louisiana. Her work has appeared in various publications, including Medical News Today, Small Business Today Magazine, and Livestrong. She holds two bachelor’s degrees in health-related fields from the University of Louisiana at Monroe.\u003c/p\u003e\n"},"avatar":{"title":"","src":""}}],"reviewedByHeader":"Medically reviewed by"},{"title":["What to know about HIV false-positives"],"text":["A false-positive HIV test occurs when a test incorrectly indicates that a person has contracted the virus. Learn more about the reasons for the result…"],"link":"/articles/323986","imageAlt":"What to know about HIV false-positives","thumbnail":"https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2020/02/323986_2200-732x549.jpg","isNutrition":false,"authors":[{"id":953,"name":{"display":"Jayne Leonard","first":"Jayne","last":"Leonard"},"userLogin":"jayneleonard","links":{"website":"","facebook":"","linkedin":"","twitter":"","instagram":"","tiktok":""},"link":"/authors/jayne-leonard","type":{"value":"author","label":"Author"},"nid":"","specialties":[],"guestTitle":"","bio":{"text":"\u003cp\u003eJayne is a qualified counselor and psychotherapist, and she holds a diploma in nutritional therapy. At present, she is completing a master\u0026#8217;s degree in counselling and psychotherapy. She is passionate about the influence of diet and lifestyle on mental health and well-being. Through her work in both private and not-for-profit settings, she hopes to empower others to take charge of their lives and improve their physical and mental health.\u003c/p\u003e\n"},"avatar":{"title":"","width":500,"height":500,"src":"https://post.medicalnewstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2020/06/500x500_Jayne_Leonard.png"}}],"reviewedByHeader":"Medically reviewed by"},{"title":["What are the Western blot and ELISA tests for HIV?"],"text":["Early diagnosis and treatment for HIV now mean that people with the virus can expect to have good health and a normal lifespan. However, it is crucial…"],"link":"/articles/316230","imageAlt":"What are the Western blot and ELISA tests for HIV?","thumbnail":"https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2020/02/elisa-test-for-hiv.jpg","medicallyReviewedBy":{"reviewerName":"Daniel Murrell, M.D.","reviewerImage":{"path":"https://post.medicalnewstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/daniel-murrell.png","width":200,"height":200,"altText":""},"specialties":[]},"isNutrition":false,"authors":[{"id":942,"name":{"display":"Jenna Fletcher","first":"Jenna","last":"Fletcher"},"userLogin":"jennafletcher","links":{"website":"","facebook":"","linkedin":"","twitter":"","instagram":"","tiktok":""},"link":"/authors/jenna-fletcher","type":{"value":"author","label":"Author"},"nid":"","specialties":[],"guestTitle":"","bio":{"text":"\u003cp\u003eJenna Fletcher is a freelance writer and content creator. She writes extensively about health and wellness. As a mother of one stillborn twin, she has a personal interest in writing about overcoming grief and postpartum depression and anxiety, and reducing the stigma surrounding child loss and mental healthcare. She holds a bachelor’s degree from Muhlenberg College.\u003c/p\u003e\n"},"avatar":{"title":"","width":500,"height":500,"src":"https://post.medicalnewstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2020/06/500x500_Jenna_Fletcher.png"}}],"reviewedByHeader":"Medically reviewed by"},{"title":["What to know about HIV encephalopathy"],"text":["HIV encephalopathy is a potential complication of HIV that results from inflammation of the brain. Antiretroviral therapy may prevent the condition or…"],"link":"/articles/hiv-encephalopathy","imageAlt":"What to know about HIV encephalopathy","thumbnail":"https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2021/05/HIV_encephalopathy_GettyImages1199813214_Thumb.jpg","medicallyReviewedBy":{"reviewerName":"Cameron White, M.D., MPH","reviewerImage":{"path":"https://post.medicalnewstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Cameron-White-MD-MPH-Mary-Morrison_edit.png","width":200,"height":200,"altText":""},"specialties":[]},"isNutrition":false,"authors":[{"id":2878,"name":{"display":"Mary West","first":"Mary","last":"West"},"userLogin":"mwest","links":{"website":"","facebook":"","linkedin":"","twitter":"","instagram":"","tiktok":""},"link":"/authors/mary-west","type":{"value":"author","label":"Author"},"nid":"","specialties":[],"guestTitle":"","bio":{"text":"\u003cp data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\"\u003eMary West is a freelance writer based in Louisiana. Her work has appeared in various publications, including Medical News Today, Small Business Today Magazine, and Livestrong. She holds two bachelor’s degrees in health-related fields from the University of Louisiana at Monroe.\u003c/p\u003e\n"},"avatar":{"title":"","src":""}}],"reviewedByHeader":"Medically reviewed by"},{"title":["Genvoya interactions: Alcohol, medications, and other factors"],"text":["Discover Genvoya drug interactions in depth, when to avoid Genvoya, and more."],"link":"/articles/drugs-genvoya-interactions","imageAlt":"Genvoya interactions: Alcohol, medications, and other factors","thumbnail":"https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2024/09/MNT-tablet-732x549-thumbnail-002.jpg","isNutrition":false,"authors":[{"id":1016,"name":{"display":"Amber R. Watson, PharmD","first":"Amber","last":"Watson, PharmD"},"userLogin":"awatson","links":{"website":"","facebook":"","linkedin":"https://www.linkedin.com/in/amber-watson-pirtle/","twitter":"","instagram":"","tiktok":""},"link":"/authors/amber-watson","type":{"value":"medical_reviewer","label":"Medical Advisor"},"nid":"163797","specialties":[],"guestTitle":"","bio":{"text":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"\u003eDr. Amber R. Watson is a pharmacist with specialized training in drug information, medical communication, and clinical data analysis. She is currently the assistant medical director for Nashville Biosciences, a wholly owned subsidiary of Vanderbilt University Medical Center in Nashville, Tennessee.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEducation\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"\u003eUniversity of Tennessee College of Pharmacy, PharmD\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCertifications\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"\u003eLicensed Pharmacist\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n"},"avatar":{"title":"","width":500,"height":500,"src":"https://post.medicalnewstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2021/08/Amber_Watson_500x500_Med_Reviewer_Photos_v2.png"}}],"reviewedByHeader":"Medically reviewed by"}]},"isCorp":false,"isReference":false,"isPremiumVideo":false,"isStandaloneVideo":false,"isStandaloneRecipe":false,"schemaObj":{"@context":"https://schema.org","publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Medical News Today","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://cdn-prod.medicalnewstoday.com/structure/images/logo/logo-2017-640-60.png"}},"@type":"MedicalWebPage","headline":"HIV vs. AIDS: What is the difference?","description":"What is the difference between HIV and AIDS? HIV is a virus that can be transmitted in various ways, through bodily fluids. With treatment, a person can live a long and normal life. However, without treatment, the body can become more susceptible to infection, and a syndrome known as AIDS can develop. Find out more.\r\n","keywords":"","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Jayne Leonard"},"lastReviewed":"2018-05-31T11:00:00Z","url":"https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/316019","datePublished":"2018-05-31T11:00:00Z","dateModified":"2018-05-31T11:00:00Z","articleSection":"Blood / Hematology,HIV and AIDS,Infectious Diseases / Bacteria / Viruses,Sexual Health / STDs","reviewedBy":"Daniel Murrell, M.D.","thumbnail":["https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2020/02/hiv-blood-sample-1.jpg"]},"hero":{}}},"ampLibs":{}},"pathname":"/tabbed","query":{"isControl":false,"url":"/articles/316019","activationReadNext":false,"experimentalRPM":"control","dcsCopayBestOffer":"control","dcsNativeCoupon":"control","dcsCopayOnly":"variant","adbridgFlag":false,"oneTrustCPRA":true,"moveImageGalleryBelowDeck":"control","dcsEditInfoSectionPlacement":"control","pillIdentifierNoDupes":"control"},"publicPath":"https://assets.medicalnewstoday.com/_next/","appState":{"title":"HIV vs. AIDS: Differences and connections","canonical":"https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/316019","hrlContentId":"mnt-28117","isArticle":true,"isContentSeries":false,"canonicalPath":"/articles/316019","pageTemplate":"Tabbed Article","logMoreMetrics":true,"adsSponsored":false,"isCPUV":false,"newsletter":{"tags":"","categories":"blood,hiv-aids,infectious_diseases,sexual-health"},"isSponsoredArticle":false,"targeting":{"k1":"hivaids","k2":"infectious","k3":"health","kmeta":"","msiteactive":"false","url":"/articles/316019","articleId":"mnt-28117","adLayout":"REDUCED"},"hidePlacements":[],"categories":[{"name":"Blood / Hematology","slug":"blood","link":"/categories/blood","children":[]},{"name":"HIV and AIDS","slug":"hiv-aids","link":"/categories/hiv-aids","primary":true,"children":[]},{"name":"Infectious Diseases / Bacteria / Viruses","slug":"infectious_diseases","link":"/categories/infectious_diseases","children":[]},{"name":"Sexual Health / STDs","slug":"sexual-health","link":"/categories/sexual-health","children":[]}],"subcategories":[],"sponsoredNavMenu":false,"author":"Jayne Leonard","editor":"Maggie Brown","contentForm":"Non-Head Term","type":"healthfeature","vertical":"Chronic Condition","trackingTerms":[],"isPremiumVideo":false,"isStandaloneVideo":false,"isStandaloneRecipe":false,"hasDisabledPrerollJWPlayer":false,"isNewsArticle":false,"hasEmbeddedJWPlayer":false,"byline":{"authors":[{"id":953,"name":{"display":"Jayne Leonard","first":"Jayne","last":"Leonard"},"link":"/authors/jayne-leonard","type":{"value":"author","label":"Author"},"nid":"","specialties":[],"guestTitle":"","bio":{"text":"\u003cp\u003eJayne is a qualified counselor and psychotherapist, and she holds a diploma in nutritional therapy. At present, she is completing a master\u0026#8217;s degree in counselling and psychotherapy. She is passionate about the influence of diet and lifestyle on mental health and well-being. Through her work in both private and not-for-profit settings, she hopes to empower others to take charge of their lives and improve their physical and mental health.\u003c/p\u003e\n"},"avatar":{"title":"","width":500,"height":500,"src":"https://post.medicalnewstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2020/06/500x500_Jayne_Leonard.png"}}],"medicalReviewers":[{"id":127,"name":{"display":"Daniel Murrell, M.D.","first":"Daniel","last":"Murrell, MD"},"userLogin":"Daniel.s.murrell","links":{"website":"","facebook":"","linkedin":"","twitter":"","instagram":"","tiktok":""},"type":{"value":"medical_reviewer","label":"Medical Advisor"},"nid":"137754","specialties":[],"guestTitle":"","bio":{"text":""},"avatar":{"title":"","width":200,"height":200,"src":"https://post.medicalnewstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/daniel-murrell.png"}}],"id":"mnt-28117","updateReason":[],"editor":"Maggie Brown","factCheckedBy":"","factCheckers":[],"articleHistory":[],"articleDates":{"factChecked":{"date":null,"display":""},"medicallyReviewed":{"date":1527764400,"display":"May 31, 2018"},"published":{"date":1527764400,"display":"May 31, 2018"},"lastUpdates":{"date":1527764400,"display":"May 31, 2018"},"modified":{"date":1720643324,"display":"July 10, 2024"}},"type":"healthfeature","language":"en"},"cesData":{"metaDescription":"What is the difference between HIV and AIDS? HIV is a virus that can be transmitted in various ways, through bodily fluids. With treatment, a person can live a long and normal life. However, without treatment, the body can become more susceptible to infection, and a syndrome known as AIDS can develop. Find out more.\r\n","title":"HIV vs. AIDS: Differences and connections","iab_tag_tier_1":[],"iab_tag_tier_2":[],"mpdTags":[{"confidence":0.9867193613451081,"type":"topic_level_1","value":"health"},{"confidence":0.9815735043795828,"type":"topic_level_2","value":"disease_risks_and_transmission"},{"confidence":0.9907520598518719,"type":"topic_level_3","value":"stis_and_stds"},{"confidence":0.8206571149514418,"type":"topic_level_4","value":"hiv_overview"},{"confidence":0.5839362313484117,"type":"entity","value":"hiv"}]},"relatedStories":[{"title":"Artificial sweetener may increase heart disease risk by triggering insulin surges","link":"https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/artificial-sweetener-triggers-insulin-spike-leading-to-blood-vessel-inflammation-in-mice","thumbnail":"https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2025/02/Artificial-sweetener-capsules-732x549-thumbnail.jpg","summary":"A common artificial sweetener may trigger insulin spikes that lead to the build up of fatty plaques in the arteries, increasing the risk of heart attacks and strokes, a new study in mice indicates."},{"title":"Drug for diabetes and kidney disease may also lower heart attack, stroke risks","link":"https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/drug-diabetes-kidney-disease-may-also-lower-heart-attack-stroke-risks","thumbnail":"https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2025/02/senior-man-sports-field-732x549-thumbnail.jpg","summary":"An FDA-approved medication already used to treat people who have type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease may also help lower their stroke and heart attack risk, a new study has found."},{"title":"A natural supplement may help people with a new type of heart disease","link":"https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/natural-supplement-tricaprin-may-help-people-new-type-heart-disease","thumbnail":"https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2025/02/supplement-heart-Stocksy_txp020705eecF5400_Medium_180947-Thumb.jpg","summary":"The supplement tricaprin, which is found in coconut or MCT oil, improved long-term survival for people with triglyceride deposit cardiomyovasculopathy, according to the results of a recent study."},{"title":"What's the latest on cholesterol, heart health, GLP-1 drugs, and more?","link":"https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/latest-news-cholesterol-heart-health-glp-1-drugs-more","thumbnail":"https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2025/02/news-roundup-20240218-732x549-thumbnail.jpg","summary":"This article showcases a curated list of standout studies over the last week on topics such as cholesterol, GLP-1 drugs for weight loss, and supplements for heart health. "},{"title":"Novel antibody could help prevent bone, muscle loss due to GLP-1 drugs","link":"https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/novel-antibody-help-prevent-bone-muscle-loss-glp-1-drugs-ozempic-wegovy","thumbnail":"https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2025/02/Losing-Weight-Stocksy_txpa5d8e252BD5400_Medium_938952-Thumb.jpg","summary":"Scientists have discovered an antibody treatment that may help prevent both muscle loss and bone density loss in people using GLP-1 drugs such as Ozempic and Wegovy after losing weight."}],"userPreloadDrivers":{"headerNewsletter":{"_driverPath":"/articles/316019","_contentIndex":"page","driverId":"ff4ad816-143d-4c2a-968c-ea480f595bfe","siteId":"40fa3d40-7108-11ea-a8fe-ab86e8b4e4d7","site":"mnt","status":"on","deleted":false,"overridePredictiveRPM":false,"created":"2022-12-19T15:45:12.000Z","updated":"2024-12-02T21:12:00.000Z","createdBy":"liallison@redventures.com","updatedBy":"eprater@rvohealth.com","isTest":true,"overridePredictiveRPMType":"none","sdapiTestName":"","rewardType":"","modelType":"","customModel":false,"holdout":"","imageMobile":"https://post.healthline.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/2ppuDefaultDesktop.jpg","color":"#8E0B0F","driverTypeId":"1ed6a315-4241-4254-92ae-17d0570ee038","sailthruAccount":"mnt","source":"menu_newsletter_link","titleOverride":"“You are my favorite medical source online”","callToAction":"Join us","id":"63422538-0caf-42be-8262-7835128de6ef","trackingNumber":39685,"adTagIds":["5bfa54a0-cb61-11ea-841d-230b5918b98d"],"articlePlacement":"headerNewsletter","image":"https://post.healthline.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/2ppuDefaultDesktop.jpg","secondarySubscriptionSubhead":"Other newsletters you won’t want to miss:","titleOverrideMobile":"“You are my favorite medical source online”","secondaryNewsletters":[],"descriptionModal":"Join the thousands who trust MNT for accurate, timely medical information. Our expert writers and medical professionals provide daily health news and insights. See why we’re the go-to source for savvy readers.","includeFeedbackStep":false,"driverType":"headerNewsletter","verticalId":"7b2406da-a0bd-42a6-95aa-7d6c6d2e0d75","verticalName":"MNT Daily","lists":["MNT Daily News"],"newsletterMeta":true,"name":"lifecycle_header_mnt_newsletter","imageDesktop":"https://post.healthline.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/2ppuDefaultDesktop.jpg","descriptionModalMobile":"","driverPlacementId":"d5b8e667-55c1-4a6d-b05d-728a1733109b","campaignName":"lifecycle_header_mnt_newsletter_39685","productId":"lifecycle_header_mnt_newsletter_39685","_uuid":"m5efb4991-ca0c-4bf4-bd3e-d543c5d57905mpd_headerNewsletter_ff4ad816-143d-4c2a-968c-ea480f595bfe","cpm":6.784762965001603e+307}},"travelerDisabledReasons":["Ineligible site (mnt)","User is located outside the US (SG)"]},"siteNav":{"header":{"branding":{"logo":"","enabled":false,"icon":"","title":"test"},"links":[{"title":"Health Conditions","columns":[{"title":"Health Conditions","columns":4,"links":[{"title":"Alzheimer's \u0026 Dementia","url":"/alzheimers-and-dementia"},{"title":"Anxiety","url":"/anxiety"},{"title":"Asthma \u0026 Allergies","url":"/asthma-and-allergies"},{"title":"Atopic Dermatitis","url":"/program/investigating-atopic-dermatitis"},{"title":"Breast Cancer","url":"/breast-cancer"},{"title":"Cancer","url":"/cancer"},{"title":"Cardiovascular Health","url":"/cardiovascular-health"},{"title":"COVID-19","url":"/coronavirus?correlationId=2b137d5a-dcfb-464e-9ea6-72c5a54b4e92"},{"title":"Diabetes","url":"/diabetes"},{"title":"Environment \u0026 Sustainability","url":"/environment-and-sustainability"},{"title":"Exercise \u0026 Fitness","url":"/exercise-and-fitness"},{"title":"Eye Health","url":"/eye-health"},{"title":"Headache \u0026 Migraine","url":"/headache-and-migraine"},{"title":"Health Equity","url":"/health-equity"},{"title":"HIV \u0026 AIDS","url":"/hiv-and-aids"},{"title":"Human Biology","url":"/human-biology"},{"title":"Leukemia","url":"/leukemia"},{"title":"LGBTQIA+","url":"/LGBTQIA"},{"title":"Men's Health","url":"/mens-health"},{"title":"Mental Health","url":"/mental-health"},{"title":"Multiple Sclerosis (MS)","url":"/multiple-sclerosis"},{"title":"Nutrition","url":"/nutrition"},{"title":"Parkinson's Disease","url":"/parkinsons-disease"},{"title":"Psoriasis","url":"/program/a-deeper-look-at-psoriasis"},{"title":"Psoriatic Arthritis","url":"/program/beneath-the-surface-with-psoriatic-arthritis"},{"title":"Sexual Health","url":"/sexual-health"},{"title":"Ulcerative Colitis","url":"/program/investigating-ulcerative-colitis"},{"title":"Women's Health","url":"/womens-health"}]}]},{"title":"Health Products","columns":[{"title":"Health Products","columns":2,"columnButton":{"link":"/products-and-reviews","text":"All"},"links":[{"title":"Nutrition \u0026 Fitness","url":"/products-and-reviews/nutrition-and-fitness-products"},{"title":"Vitamins \u0026 Supplements","url":"/products-and-reviews/vitamin-and-supplement-products"},{"title":"CBD","url":"/products-and-reviews/cbd-products"},{"title":"Sleep","url":"/products-and-reviews/sleep-products"},{"title":"Mental Health","url":"/products-and-reviews/mental-health-services-and-products"},{"title":"At-Home Testing","url":"/products-and-reviews/at-home-testing-products"},{"title":"Men’s Health","url":"/products-and-reviews/mens-health-products"},{"title":"Women’s Health","url":"/products-and-reviews/womens-health-products"}]}]},{"title":"Discover","columns":[{"title":"News","columns":1,"links":[{"title":"Latest News","url":"/news"}]},{"title":"Original Series","columns":1,"links":[{"title":"Medical Myths","url":"/content-series/medical-myths"},{"title":"Honest Nutrition","url":"/content-series/honest-nutrition"},{"title":"Through My Eyes","url":"/content-series/through-my-eyes"},{"title":"New Normal Health","url":"/content-series/new-normal-health"}]},{"title":"Podcasts","columns":2,"columnButton":{"link":"/articles/in-conversation-podcast","text":"All"},"links":[{"title":"Brain health, sleep, diet: 3 health resolutions for 2025","url":"/articles/brain-health-sleep-diet-3-health-resolutions-for-2025"},{"title":"5 things everyone should know about menopause","url":"/articles/5-things-everyone-should-know-about-menopause"},{"title":"3 ways to slow down type 2 diabetes-related brain aging","url":"/articles/3-lifestyle-changes-slow-down-type-2-diabetes-related-brain-aging"},{"title":"Toxic metals in tampons: Should you be worried?","url":"/articles/toxic-metals-tampons-arsenic-lead-should-you-be-worried#1"},{"title":"Can tattoos cause blood or skin cancer?","url":"/articles/can-tattoos-cause-blood-or-skin-cancer"},{"title":"Can we really ‘outrun the Grim Reaper’?","url":"/articles/in-conversation-can-we-really-outrun-the-grim-reaper"}]}]},{"title":"Tools","columns":[{"title":"General Health","columns":1,"links":[{"title":"Drugs A-Z","url":"/drugs"},{"title":"Health Hubs","url":"/articles/content-hubs"},{"title":"Newsletter","url":"/newsletter"}]},{"title":"Health Tools","columns":2,"links":[{"title":"Find a Doctor","url":"/provider-near-me"},{"title":"BMI Calculators and Charts","url":"/articles/323586"},{"title":"Blood Pressure Chart: Ranges and Guide","url":"/articles/327077"},{"title":"Breast Cancer: Self-Examination Guide","url":"/articles/316898"},{"title":"Sleep Calculator","url":"/articles/sleep-calculator"}]},{"title":"Quizzes","columns":1,"links":[{"title":"RA Myths vs Facts","url":"/articles/science-fact-or-fiction-separating-ra-myths-from-facts#1"},{"title":"Type 2 Diabetes: Managing Blood Sugar","url":"/articles/managing-blood-sugar-type-2-diabetes-quiz#1"},{"title":"Ankylosing Spondylitis Pain: Fact or Fiction","url":"/articles/complementary-therapies-for-as-quiz#1"}]}]},{"title":"Connect","columns":[{"title":"About Medical News Today","columns":1,"links":[{"title":"Who We Are","url":"/about"},{"title":"Our Editorial Process","url":"/articles/process"},{"title":"Content Integrity","url":"/about/content-integrity"},{"title":"Conscious Language","url":"/about/conscious-language"}]},{"title":"Find Community","columns":1,"links":[{"title":"Bezzy Breast Cancer","url":"https://www.bezzybc.com/lp/2/?verzenio\u0026utm_source=mnt\u0026utm_medium=nav-bar-connect"},{"title":"Bezzy MS","url":"https://www.bezzyms.com/?utm_source=mnt\u0026utm_medium=nav-bar-connect"},{"title":"Bezzy Migraine","url":"https://www.bezzymigraine.com/?utm_source=mnt\u0026utm_medium=nav-bar-connect"},{"title":"Bezzy Psoriasis","url":"https://www.bezzypsoriasis.com/?utm_source=mnt\u0026utm_medium=nav-bar-connect"}]},{"title":"Follow Us","columns":1,"widget":"social"}]}]},"footer":{"links":[{"title":"About Us","url":"/about"},{"title":"Contact Us","url":"/about/contact-us"},{"title":"Terms of Use","url":"/about/terms-of-use"},{"title":"Privacy Policy","url":"/about/privacy-policy"},{"sponsored":false,"url":"/privacy-settings","title":"Privacy Settings"},{"title":"Advertising Policy","url":"/ad-policy"},{"title":"Health Topics","url":"/directory/a-b"},{"title":"Health Hubs","url":"/articles/content-hubs"},{"title":"Medical Affairs","url":"/about/reviewers"},{"title":"Content Integrity","url":"/about/content-integrity"},{"title":"Newsletters","url":"/newsletter"},{"title":"Your Privacy Choices","url":"https://privacyportal.onetrust.com/webform/b45407c6-ee79-4a08-912e-02ce898f9a14/6a88ff3d-e0ff-44b3-bb05-e8a2a65072fe","location":"US","appendAnonymousId":true,"privacyOptOutLink":true}]}},"stylesheetIds":["0","b7n1on","114pms8","x9mcui","qv7uwv","r5lp6c","3ebwek","10uso0k","1lm3oqg","hh42uh","4aeg3z","90fpmc","rwmw5v","1jytyml","13b3g0x","1p5qnda","179ddaw","16pk1is","18gsab6","xqmvw1","2fdibo","a10gts","1l95nvm","zya54r","fdjy12","871rh7","m260rd","tqpz90","1w3ble7","cs3emt","x4xfyn","18a1afd","eafq96","14x00sv","10aca47","gv8cz7","1g6cesj","6qhv17","kg8ull","yc5e1l","1wyiq3l","1gj0gsa","1bdb0zy","2sn1us","pf8wg0","1gdwmjx","2dofw9","ifmqwy","1wm8u43","1hjaa0k","1jpwf16","1j2d96m","11egx89","pdceuf","1pr9u9e","bcus5s","1fteite","1h1rean","z468a2","1r4r6jy","1q67gt9","1edxg1f","20w1gi","1t05dkn","1sq15os","jyr0cb","1kir5of","5b5f7q","1xn3edc","1vedeqe","17lceqi","npv6dx","19c5efk","488q2e","1y1s420","1p5bah9","120r23d","rlaxw5","107m7zl","1lyqwde","1767n2d","1fb1nmp","prb4v6","vhteyv","ni3p9e","1pz7193","1qhtj6x","i9gxme","1ocfdvu","1dppxl0","1b2ri56","uktbta","16bllps","1xx5q6","1xceiwh","10ma15c","lb03wr","3gcukm","en1nu6","yjay6q","1us2gxx","11upubx","6da01m","d2oo9m","s2uf1z","si16g9","huujs8","1vtxghn","87xp"]}</script><script type="text/javascript" src="https://assets.medicalnewstoday.com/_next/vendor-98415-legacy.js" crossorigin="anonymous" async=""></script><script type="text/javascript" src="https://assets.medicalnewstoday.com/_next/lib-4a032-legacy.js" crossorigin="anonymous" async=""></script><script type="text/javascript" src="https://assets.medicalnewstoday.com/_next/felib-ecd29-legacy.js" crossorigin="anonymous" async=""></script><script type="text/javascript" src="https://assets.medicalnewstoday.com/_next/felib-core-f80e2-legacy.js" crossorigin="anonymous" async=""></script><script type="text/javascript" src="https://assets.medicalnewstoday.com/_next/e7dc6e80-e54c-4715-95e8-36252de85733/mnt/pages/tabbed.js-legacy.js" crossorigin="anonymous" async=""></script><script src="https://js.sentry-cdn.com/8bc674d734914b3f8179f84e9edb0faa.min.js" crossorigin="anonymous"></script><script> window.Sentry && Sentry.onLoad(function() { const o = {"dsn":"https://8bc674d734914b3f8179f84e9edb0faa@o62581.ingest.sentry.io/248102","sampleRate":0.1,"release":"13441520950","environment":"prod"}; o.allowUrls = [/https:\/\/assets.medicalnewstoday.com\//]; o.ignoreErrors = [/Error compiling fragment shader/i,/Float textures are not supported/i,/Can't execute code from a freed script/i,/enough storage/i,/out of memory/i,/PP\(/i,/Synchronous XHR in page dismissal./i,/Failed to load.*ingest.make.rvapps.io\/v2\/t/i,/Failed to load.*ingest.make.rvohealth.com\/v2\/t/i,/The operation was aborted/i,/Blocked a restricted frame with origin/i,/cancelled/i,/cancelado/i]; if (window.beforeSend) o.beforeSend = beforeSend; Sentry.init(o); Sentry.configureScope(function (scope) { scope.setTag('environment', 'prod') }); if (window.initSentry) initSentry(); }); </script><div> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Medical News Today","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://cdn-prod.medicalnewstoday.com/structure/images/logo/logo-2017-640-60.png"}},"@type":"MedicalWebPage","headline":"HIV vs. AIDS: What is the difference?","description":"What is the difference between HIV and AIDS? HIV is a virus that can be transmitted in various ways, through bodily fluids. With treatment, a person can live a long and normal life. However, without treatment, the body can become more susceptible to infection, and a syndrome known as AIDS can develop. Find out more.\r\n","keywords":"","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Jayne Leonard"},"lastReviewed":"2018-05-31T11:00:00Z","url":"https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/316019","datePublished":"2018-05-31T11:00:00Z","dateModified":"2018-05-31T11:00:00Z","articleSection":"Blood / Hematology,HIV and AIDS,Infectious Diseases / Bacteria / Viruses,Sexual Health / STDs","reviewedBy":"Daniel Murrell, M.D.","thumbnail":["https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2020/02/hiv-blood-sample-1.jpg"]}</script></div><noscript><img alt="" src="http://b.scorecardresearch.com/p?c1=2&c2=38584006&cv=3.9&cj=1&comscorekw=main"/></noscript><span>  </span><div id="menu-host"></div></body></html>