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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taxonomy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Taxonomy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Taxonomy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Taxonomy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Taxonomy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Taxonomic_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taxonomic_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Taxonomic history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Taxonomic_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Genera" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Genera"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Genera</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Genera-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Phylogeny" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phylogeny"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Phylogeny</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Phylogeny-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Amygdaloideae_basal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Amygdaloideae_basal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>Amygdaloideae basal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Amygdaloideae_basal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dryadoideae_basal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dryadoideae_basal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.2</span> <span>Dryadoideae basal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dryadoideae_basal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rosoideae_basal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rosoideae_basal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.3</span> <span>Rosoideae basal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rosoideae_basal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Distribution_and_habitat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Distribution_and_habitat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Distribution and habitat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Distribution_and_habitat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Uses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Rosaceae</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 95 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-95" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">95 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosaceae" title="Rosaceae – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Rosaceae" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="وردية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="وردية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosaceae" title="Rosaceae – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Rosaceae" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosaceae" title="Rosaceae – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Rosaceae" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCl%C3%A7i%C3%A7%C9%99yikimil%C9%99r" title="Gülçiçəyikimilər – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Gülçiçəyikimilər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chhi%C3%BB%E2%81%BF-b%C3%AE-kho" title="Chhiûⁿ-bî-kho – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chhiûⁿ-bî-kho" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D2%BB%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Роза һымаҡтар – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Роза һымаҡтар" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Ружавыя – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ружавыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Ружавыя – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ружавыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Розови – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Розови" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosaceae" title="Rosaceae – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Rosaceae" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ros%C3%A0cies" title="Rosàcies – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Rosàcies" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%C4%95%D0%BB%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D1%88%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Кĕлчечек йышшисем – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Кĕлчечек йышшисем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa" title="Rosa – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Rosa" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C5%AF%C5%BEovit%C3%A9" title="Růžovité – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Růžovité" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosaceae" title="Rosaceae – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Rosaceae" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosaceae" title="Rosaceae – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Rosaceae" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosen-familien" title="Rosen-familien – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Rosen-familien" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruvsu%C5%A1attut" title="Ruvsušattut – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Ruvsušattut" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosengew%C3%A4chse" title="Rosengewächse – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Rosengewächse" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roos%C3%B5ielised" title="Roosõielised – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Roosõielised" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosaceae" title="Rosaceae – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Rosaceae" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rozacoj" title="Rozacoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Rozacoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosaceae" title="Rosaceae – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Rosaceae" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%84%E2%80%8C%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%AE%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86" title="گل‌سرخیان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گل‌سرخیان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosaceae" title="Rosaceae – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Rosaceae" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosaceae" title="Rosaceae – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Rosaceae" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ros%C3%A1ceas" title="Rosáceas – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Rosáceas" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9E%A5%EB%AF%B8%EA%B3%BC" title="장미과 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="장미과" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Վարդազգիներ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վարդազգիներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80" title="रोज़ेसी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="रोज़ेसी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B3%C5%BEowe_rostliny" title="Róžowe rostliny – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Róžowe rostliny" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ru%C5%BEovke" title="Ružovke – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ružovke" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosaceae" title="Rosaceae – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Rosaceae" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%C3%A6%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%85%D1%83%D1%8B%D0%B7%D1%82%C3%A6" title="Зæрдинхуызтæ – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Зæрдинхуызтæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B3sa%C3%A6tt" title="Rósaætt – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Rósaætt" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosaceae" title="Rosaceae – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Rosaceae" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D" title="ורדיים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ורדיים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosaceae" title="Rosaceae – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Rosaceae" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ვარდისებრნი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ვარდისებრნი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D2%AF%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Раушангүлділер – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Раушангүлділер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80" title="Роза котыр – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Роза котыр" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fam%C3%AEleya_rozagulan" title="Famîleya rozagulan – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Famîleya rozagulan" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D2%AF%D0%BB%D0%B4%D2%AF%D2%AF%D0%BB%D3%A9%D1%80" title="Роза гүлдүүлөр – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Роза гүлдүүлөр" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosaceae" title="Rosaceae – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Rosaceae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ro%C5%BEu_dzimta" title="Rožu dzimta – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Rožu dzimta" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosaceae" title="Rosaceae – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Rosaceae" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Er%C5%A1k%C4%97tiniai" title="Erškėtiniai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Erškėtiniai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosaceae" title="Rosaceae – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Rosaceae" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B3zsaf%C3%A9l%C3%A9k" title="Rózsafélék – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Rózsafélék" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8" title="Рози – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Рози" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%80" title="റോസേസീ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="റോസേസീ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="ვარდიშობურეფი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ვარდიშობურეფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%87" title="ورديه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ورديه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosaceae" title="Rosaceae – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Rosaceae" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rozenfamilie" title="Rozenfamilie – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Rozenfamilie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%90%E3%83%A9%E7%A7%91" title="バラ科 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="バラ科" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruusenplaanten" title="Ruusenplaanten – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Ruusenplaanten" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosefamilien" title="Rosefamilien – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Rosefamilien" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosefamilien" title="Rosefamilien – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Rosefamilien" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosaceae" title="Rosaceae – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Rosaceae" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ra%CA%BCnodoshlar" title="Raʼnodoshlar – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Raʼnodoshlar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%80" title="ਰੋਜ਼ੇਸੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰੋਜ਼ੇਸੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D9%B9%D8%A8%D8%B1" title="گلاب ٹبر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="گلاب ٹبر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80" title="Роза котыр – Komi-Permyak" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Роза котыр" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="Komi-Permyak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosenplanten" title="Rosenplanten – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Rosenplanten" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B3%C5%BCowate" title="Różowate – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Różowate" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosaceae" title="Rosaceae – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Rosaceae" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosaceae" title="Rosaceae – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Rosaceae" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waysallpu_yura_rikch%27aq_ayllu" title="Waysallpu yura rikch'aq ayllu – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Waysallpu yura rikch'aq ayllu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B5" title="Розовые – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Розовые" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosaceae" title="Rosaceae – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Rosaceae" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosaceae" title="Rosaceae – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Rosaceae" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ru%C5%BEovit%C3%A9" title="Ružovité – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ružovité" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ro%C5%BEnice" title="Rožnice – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Rožnice" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5_(%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0)" title="Руже (породица) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Руже (породица)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ru%C5%BEe_(familija)" title="Ruže (familija) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ruže (familija)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruusukasvit" title="Ruusukasvit – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ruusukasvit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosv%C3%A4xter" title="Rosväxter – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Rosväxter" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosaceae" title="Rosaceae – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Rosaceae" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanejjikt" title="Tanejjikt – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tanejjikt" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Розачалар – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Розачалар" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BF" title="రోసేసి – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="రోసేసి" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A" title="วงศ์กุหลาบ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วงศ์กุหลาบ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosaceae" title="Rosaceae – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Rosaceae" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BClli_%C3%B6s%C3%BCmlikler" title="Gülli ösümlikler – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Gülli ösümlikler" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96" title="Трояндові – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Трояндові" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rozanvui%C4%8D%C4%8Ded" title="Rozanvuiččed – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Rozanvuiččed" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BB%8D_Hoa_h%E1%BB%93ng" title="Họ Hoa hồng – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Họ Hoa hồng" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B4zac%C3%AAyes" title="Rôzacêyes – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Rôzacêyes" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B4ozefamilie" title="Rôozefamilie – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Rôozefamilie" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosaceae" title="Rosaceae – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Rosaceae" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%94%B7%E8%96%87%E7%A7%91" title="蔷薇科 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="蔷薇科" data-language-autonym="吴语" 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Rosacea_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Rosacea (disambiguation)">Rosacea</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)">Rosaceae<br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">Temporal range: <span class="noprint"><span style="display:inline-block;"></span><span style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Turonian" title="Turonian">Turonian</a> - present</span><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mobot_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mobot-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span style="display:inline-block;"></span><div id="Timeline-row" style="margin: 4px auto 0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:18px; overflow:visible; white-space:nowrap; border:1px #666; border-style:solid none; position:relative; z-index:0; font-size:97%;"> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; left:0px; width:207.23076923077px; padding-left:5px; text-align:left; background-color:rgb(254,217,106); background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgba(255,255,255,1), rgba(254,217,106,1) 15%, rgba(254,217,106,1));"><a href="/wiki/Precambrian" title="Precambrian">PreꞒ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,160,86); left:37.636923076923px; width:17.583076923077px;"><a href="/wiki/Cambrian" title="Cambrian">Ꞓ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(0,146,112); left:55.22px; width:14.807692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/Ordovician" title="Ordovician">O</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(179,225,182); left:70.027692307692px; width:7.9470769230769px;"><a href="/wiki/Silurian" title="Silurian">S</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(203,140,55); left:77.974769230769px; width:20.564923076923px;"><a href="/wiki/Devonian" title="Devonian">D</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(103,165,153); left:98.539692307692px; width:20.294153846154px;"><a href="/wiki/Carboniferous" title="Carboniferous">C</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(240,64,40); left:118.83384615385px; width:15.907015384615px;"><a href="/wiki/Permian" title="Permian">P</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(129,43,146); left:134.74086153846px; width:17.092984615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Triassic" title="Triassic">T</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(52,178,201); left:151.83384615385px; width:19.732307692308px;"><a href="/wiki/Jurassic" title="Jurassic">J</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,198,78); left:171.56615384615px; width:26.095384615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Cretaceous" title="Cretaceous">K</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(253,154,82); left:197.66153846154px; width:14.540307692308px;"><a href="/wiki/Paleogene" title="Paleogene">Pg</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(255,230,25); left:212.20184615385px; width:6.9249230769231px;"><a href="/wiki/Neogene" title="Neogene">N</a></div> <div id="end-border" style="position:absolute; height:100%; background-color:#666; width:1px; left:219px"></div><div style="margin:0 auto; line-height:0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:8px; overflow:visible; background-color:transparent; position:relative; top:-4px; z-index:100;"><div style="position:absolute; height:8px; left:188.21846153846px; width:31.781538461538px; background-color:#360; opacity:0.42;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:8px; left:188.21846153846px; width:31.781538461538px; background-color:#360; opacity:1;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:6px; top:1px; left:189.21846153846px; width:29.781538461538px; background-color:#6c3;"></div> </div> </div></span>Possible Albian record <sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Rosa_pouzinii_FlowerCloseup_SierraMadrona.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Rosa_pouzinii_FlowerCloseup_SierraMadrona.jpg/250px-Rosa_pouzinii_FlowerCloseup_SierraMadrona.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Rosa_pouzinii_FlowerCloseup_SierraMadrona.jpg/330px-Rosa_pouzinii_FlowerCloseup_SierraMadrona.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Rosa_pouzinii_FlowerCloseup_SierraMadrona.jpg/500px-Rosa_pouzinii_FlowerCloseup_SierraMadrona.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="2400" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%">Flower of <i><a href="/wiki/Rosa_pouzinii" title="Rosa pouzinii">Rosa pouzinii</a></i> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Rosaceae" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Plant" title="Plant">Plantae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vascular_plant" title="Vascular plant">Tracheophytes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">Angiosperms</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eudicots" title="Eudicots">Eudicots</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rosids" title="Rosids">Rosids</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rosales" title="Rosales">Rosales</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rosaceae</a><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Laurent_de_Jussieu" title="Antoine Laurent de Jussieu">Juss.</a></small> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)">Subfamilies </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amygdaloideae" title="Amygdaloideae">Amygdaloideae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dryadoideae" title="Dryadoideae">Dryadoideae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosoideae" title="Rosoideae">Rosoideae</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Map-Rosaceae.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Map-Rosaceae.PNG/250px-Map-Rosaceae.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Map-Rosaceae.PNG/330px-Map-Rosaceae.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Map-Rosaceae.PNG/500px-Map-Rosaceae.PNG 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="370" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%">Global distribution of Rosaceae </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Synonym_(taxonomy)" title="Synonym (taxonomy)">Synonyms</a><sup id="cite_ref-Takhtajan_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Takhtajan-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li>Amygdalaceae <small>D. Don 1825</small></li> <li>Coleogynaceae <small>J. Agardh 1858</small></li> <li>Fragariaceae <small>Richard ex Nestler 1816</small></li> <li>Lindleyaceae <small>J. Agardh 1858</small></li> <li>Malaceae <small><a href="/wiki/John_Kunkel_Small" title="John Kunkel Small">Small</a> ex Britton 1903</small></li> <li>Pomaceae <small><a href="/wiki/John_Lindley" title="John Lindley">Lindl.</a></small></li> <li>Potentillaceae <small>Sprengel ex Weinmann 1824</small></li> <li>Prunaceae <small>Martinov</small></li> <li>Spiraeaceae <small>Bertuch 1801</small></li></ul> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p><b>Rosaceae</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'z' in 'zoom'">z</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span><span title="/./: syllable break">.</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span></span>,<span class="wrap"> </span>-<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span><span title="/./: syllable break">.</span><span title="/aɪ/: 'i' in 'tide'">aɪ</span></span>,<span class="wrap"> </span>-<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span><span title="/./: syllable break">.</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span></span>/</a></span></span>),<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <b>rose family</b>, is a <a href="/wiki/Family_(biology)" title="Family (biology)">family</a> of <a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">flowering plants</a> that includes 4,828 known species in 91 <a href="/wiki/Genera" class="mw-redirect" title="Genera">genera</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Christenhusz-Byng2016_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Christenhusz-Byng2016-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Stevens_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stevens-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The name is derived from the <a href="/wiki/Type_genus" title="Type genus">type genus</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Rose" title="Rose">Rosa</a></i>. The family includes herbs, shrubs, and trees. Most species are <a href="/wiki/Deciduous" title="Deciduous">deciduous</a>, but some are <a href="/wiki/Evergreen" title="Evergreen">evergreen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Watson_and_Dallwitz_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Watson_and_Dallwitz-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They have a worldwide range but are most diverse in the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Hemisphere" title="Northern Hemisphere">Northern Hemisphere</a>. </p><p>Many economically important products come from the Rosaceae, including various edible fruits, such as <a href="/wiki/Apple" title="Apple">apples</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pear" title="Pear">pears</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quince" title="Quince">quinces</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apricot" title="Apricot">apricots</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plum" title="Plum">plums</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cherry" title="Cherry">cherries</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peach" title="Peach">peaches</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raspberries" class="mw-redirect" title="Raspberries">raspberries</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blackberry" title="Blackberry">blackberries</a>, <a href="/wiki/Loquat" title="Loquat">loquats</a>, <a href="/wiki/Strawberries" class="mw-redirect" title="Strawberries">strawberries</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rose_hip" title="Rose hip">rose hips</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crataegus" title="Crataegus">hawthorns</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Almonds" class="mw-redirect" title="Almonds">almonds</a>. The family also includes popular ornamental trees and shrubs, such as <a href="/wiki/Rose" title="Rose">roses</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spiraea" title="Spiraea">meadowsweets</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rowan" title="Rowan">rowans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Firethorn" class="mw-redirect" title="Firethorn">firethorns</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Photinia" title="Photinia">photinias</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Watson_and_Dallwitz_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Watson_and_Dallwitz-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Among the most species-rich genera in the family are <i><a href="/wiki/Alchemilla" title="Alchemilla">Alchemilla</a></i> (270), <i><a href="/wiki/Sorbus" title="Sorbus">Sorbus</a></i> (260), <i><a href="/wiki/Crataegus" title="Crataegus">Crataegus</a></i> (260), <i><a href="/wiki/Cotoneaster" title="Cotoneaster">Cotoneaster</a></i> (260), <i><a href="/wiki/Rubus" title="Rubus">Rubus</a></i> (250),<sup id="cite_ref-Stevens_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stevens-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i><a href="/wiki/Prunus" title="Prunus">Prunus</a></i> (200), which contains the <a href="/wiki/Plum" title="Plum">plums</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cherries" class="mw-redirect" title="Cherries">cherries</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peach" title="Peach">peaches</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apricot" title="Apricot">apricots</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Almond" title="Almond">almonds</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, all of these numbers should be seen as estimates—much taxonomic work remains. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rosaceae&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rosaceae can be woody trees, shrubs, climbers or herbaceous plants.<sup id="cite_ref-Heywood-2007_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Heywood-2007-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The herbs are mostly perennials, but some annuals also exist, such as <i><a href="/wiki/Aphanes_arvensis" class="mw-redirect" title="Aphanes arvensis">Aphanes arvensis</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Stace_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stace-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 200">: 200 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Watson_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Watson-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Leaves">Leaves</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rosaceae&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Leaves"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Leaves" class="mw-redirect" title="Leaves">leaves</a> are generally arranged <a href="/wiki/Phyllotaxis" title="Phyllotaxis">spirally</a>, but have an opposite arrangement in some species. They can be simple or <a href="/wiki/Pinnation" title="Pinnation">pinnately</a> compound (either odd- or even-pinnate). Compound leaves appear in around 30 genera. The leaf margin is most often serrate. Paired <a href="/wiki/Stipule" title="Stipule">stipules</a> are generally present and are considered a primitive feature within the family, though they have been independently lost in many groups of Amygdaloideae (previously called Spiraeoideae).<sup id="cite_ref-Potter_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Potter-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The stipules are sometimes adnate (attached surface to surface)<sup id="cite_ref-Beentje_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beentje-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to the <a href="/wiki/Petiole_(botany)" title="Petiole (botany)">petiole</a>. Glands or <a href="/wiki/Extrafloral_nectaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Extrafloral nectaries">extrafloral nectaries</a> may be present on leaf margins or petioles. Spines may be present on the midrib of leaflets and the rachis of compound leaves. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flowers">Flowers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rosaceae&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Flowers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Flowers of plants in the rose family are generally described as "showy".<sup id="cite_ref-Folta_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Folta-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are <a href="/wiki/Actinomorphic" class="mw-redirect" title="Actinomorphic">radially symmetrical</a>, and almost always hermaphroditic. Rosaceae generally have five <a href="/wiki/Sepal" title="Sepal">sepals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pentapetalae" title="Pentapetalae">five petals</a>, and many spirally arranged <a href="/wiki/Stamen" title="Stamen">stamens</a>. The bases of the sepals, petals, and stamens are fused together to form a characteristic cup-like structure called a <a href="/wiki/Hypanthium" title="Hypanthium">hypanthium</a>. They can be arranged in <a href="/wiki/Raceme" title="Raceme">spikes</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Head_(botany)" class="mw-redirect" title="Head (botany)">heads</a>. Solitary flowers are rare. Rosaceae have a variety of color petals, but blue is almost completely absent.<sup id="cite_ref-Heywood-2007_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Heywood-2007-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fruits_and_seeds">Fruits and seeds</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rosaceae&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Fruits and seeds"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Fruit" title="Fruit">fruits</a> occur in many varieties and were once considered the main characters for the definition of subfamilies amongst Rosaceae, giving rise to a fundamentally artificial subdivision. They can be <a href="/wiki/Follicle_(fruit)" title="Follicle (fruit)">follicles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Capsule_(fruit)" title="Capsule (fruit)">capsules</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nut_(fruit)" title="Nut (fruit)">nuts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Achene" title="Achene">achenes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Drupe" title="Drupe">drupes</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Prunus" title="Prunus">Prunus</a></i>), and <a href="/wiki/Accessory_fruit" title="Accessory fruit">accessory fruits</a>, like the <a href="/wiki/Pome" title="Pome">pome</a> of an apple, the <a href="/wiki/Rose_hip" title="Rose hip">hip</a> of a <a href="/wiki/Rose" title="Rose">rose</a>, or the <a href="/wiki/Receptacle_(botany)" title="Receptacle (botany)">receptacle</a>-derived <a href="/wiki/Aggregate_fruit" title="Aggregate fruit">aggregate</a> <a href="/wiki/Accessory_fruit" title="Accessory fruit">accessory</a> fruit of a <a href="/wiki/Fragaria" title="Fragaria">strawberry</a>. Many fruits of the family are edible, but their seeds often contain <a href="/wiki/Amygdalin" title="Amygdalin">amygdalin</a>, which can release <a href="/wiki/Cyanide" title="Cyanide">cyanide</a> during digestion if the seed is damaged.<sup id="cite_ref-foc_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-foc-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Taxonomy">Taxonomy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rosaceae&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Taxonomy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Taxonomic_history">Taxonomic history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rosaceae&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Taxonomic history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The family was traditionally divided into six subfamilies: <a href="/wiki/Rosoideae" title="Rosoideae">Rosoideae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spiraeoideae" title="Spiraeoideae">Spiraeoideae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maloideae" title="Maloideae">Maloideae</a> (Pomoideae), <a href="/wiki/Amygdaloideae" title="Amygdaloideae">Amygdaloideae</a> (Prunoideae), Neuradoideae, and Chrysobalanoideae, and most of these were treated as families by various authors.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More recently (1971), Chrysobalanoideae was placed in Malpighiales in molecular analyses and Neuradoideae has been assigned to Malvales. Schulze-Menz, in Engler's Syllabus edited by Melchior (1964) recognized Rosoideae, Dryadoideae, Lyonothamnoideae, Spireoideae, Amygdaloideae, and Maloideae.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were primarily diagnosed by the structure of the fruits. More recent work has identified that not all of these groups were <a href="/wiki/Monophyletic" class="mw-redirect" title="Monophyletic">monophyletic</a>. Hutchinson (1964)<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Kalkman (2004) <sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> recognized only tribes (17 and 21, respectively). Takhtajan (1997) delimited 21 tribes in 10 subfamilies:<sup id="cite_ref-Takhtajan_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Takhtajan-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Filipenduloideae, Rosoideae, Ruboideae, Potentilloideae, Coleogynoideae, Kerroideae, Amygdaloideae (Prunoideae), Spireoideae, Maloideae (Pyroideae), Dichotomanthoideae. A more modern model comprises three subfamilies, one of which (Rosoideae) has largely remained the same. </p><p>While the boundaries of the Rosaceae are not disputed, there is no general agreement as to how many genera it contains. Areas of divergent opinion include the treatment of <i><a href="/wiki/Potentilla" title="Potentilla">Potentilla</a> s.l.</i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Sorbus" title="Sorbus">Sorbus</a> s.l.</i>. Compounding the problem is that <a href="/wiki/Apomixis" title="Apomixis">apomixis</a> is common in several genera. This results in an uncertainty in the number of species contained in each of these genera, due to the difficulty of dividing apomictic complexes into species. For example, <i><a href="/wiki/Cotoneaster" title="Cotoneaster">Cotoneaster</a></i> contains between 70 and 300 species, <i><a href="/wiki/Rose" title="Rose">Rosa</a></i> around 100 (including the taxonomically complex <a href="/wiki/Dog_rose" class="mw-redirect" title="Dog rose">dog roses</a>), <i><a href="/wiki/Sorbus" title="Sorbus">Sorbus</a></i> 100 to 200 species, <i><a href="/wiki/Crataegus" title="Crataegus">Crataegus</a></i> between 200 and 1,000, <i><a href="/wiki/Alchemilla" title="Alchemilla">Alchemilla</a></i> around 300 species, <i><a href="/wiki/Potentilla" title="Potentilla">Potentilla</a></i> roughly 500, and <i><a href="/wiki/Rubus" title="Rubus">Rubus</a></i> hundreds, or possibly even thousands of species. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Genera">Genera</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rosaceae&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Genera"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Rosaceae_genera" title="List of Rosaceae genera">List of Rosaceae genera</a></div> <p>Identified clades include: </p> <ul><li>Subfamily <a href="/wiki/Rosoideae" title="Rosoideae">Rosoideae</a>: Traditionally composed of those genera bearing <a href="/wiki/Fruit#Aggregate_fruit" title="Fruit">aggregate fruits</a> that are made up of small achenes or <a href="/wiki/Drupelet" class="mw-redirect" title="Drupelet">drupelets</a>, and often the fleshy part of the fruit (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Strawberry" title="Strawberry">strawberry</a>) is the <a href="/wiki/Receptacle_(botany)" title="Receptacle (botany)">receptacle</a> or the stalk bearing the carpels. The circumscription is now narrowed (excluding, for example, the Dryadoideae), but it still remains a diverse group containing five or six tribes and 20 or more genera, including rose, <i><a href="/wiki/Rubus" title="Rubus">Rubus</a></i> (blackberry, raspberry), <i><a href="/wiki/Fragaria" title="Fragaria">Fragaria</a></i> (strawberry), <i><a href="/wiki/Potentilla" title="Potentilla">Potentilla</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Geum" title="Geum">Geum</a></i>.</li> <li>Subfamily <a href="/wiki/Amygdaloideae" title="Amygdaloideae">Amygdaloideae</a>: Within this group remains an identified clade with a pome fruit, traditionally known as subfamily Maloideae (or Pyroideae) which included genera such as apple, <i><a href="/wiki/Cotoneaster" title="Cotoneaster">Cotoneaster</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Crataegus" title="Crataegus">Crataegus</a></i> (hawthorn). To separate it at the subfamily level would leave the remaining genera as a <a href="/wiki/Paraphyletic" class="mw-redirect" title="Paraphyletic">paraphyletic</a> group, so it has been expanded to include the former Spiraeoideae and Amygdaloideae.<sup id="cite_ref-Potter_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Potter-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The subfamily has sometimes been referred to by the name "Spiraeoideae", but this is not permitted by the <a href="/wiki/International_Code_of_Nomenclature_for_algae,_fungi,_and_plants" title="International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants">International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants</a>.</li> <li>Subfamily <a href="/wiki/Dryadoideae" title="Dryadoideae">Dryadoideae</a>: Fruits are achenes with hairy styles, and includes five genera (<i><a href="/wiki/Dryas_(plant)" title="Dryas (plant)">Dryas</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Cercocarpus" title="Cercocarpus">Cercocarpus</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Chamaebatia" title="Chamaebatia">Chamaebatia</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Cowania_(plant)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cowania (plant)">Cowania</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Purshia" title="Purshia">Purshia</a></i>), most species of which form <a href="/wiki/Root_nodule" title="Root nodule">root nodules</a> which host nitrogen-fixing bacteria from the genus <i><a href="/wiki/Frankia" title="Frankia">Frankia</a></i>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Phylogeny">Phylogeny</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rosaceae&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Phylogeny"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Phylogeny" class="mw-redirect" title="Phylogeny">phylogenetic relationships</a> between the three subfamilies within Rosaceae are unresolved. There are three competing hypotheses: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Amygdaloideae basal </th> <th>Dryadoideae basal </th> <th>Rosoideae basal </th></tr> <tr> <td><div class="clade"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1261294616">body.skin-vector-2022 .mw-parser-output div.clade,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.clade{overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:hidden}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.clade p{font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade{border-spacing:0;margin:0;font-size:100%;line-height:100%;border-collapse:separate;width:auto;display:table}.mw-parser-output table.clade table.clade{width:100%;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label{min-width:0.2em;width:0.2em;padding:0.1em 0.25em;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label::before,.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel::before{content:"\2060 "}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width{overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.first{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel{padding:0.1em 0.25em;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.last{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar{vertical-align:middle;text-align:left;padding:0 0.5em;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar.reverse{text-align:right;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf{border:0;padding:0;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf p{padding-right:5px;padding-left:2px}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leafR{border:0;padding:0;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leafR p{padding-left:5px;padding-right:2px}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf.reverse{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf.reverse p{padding-left:5px;padding-right:2px}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkA{background-color:yellow}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkB{background-color:green}</style> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p>Amygdaloideae </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p>Rosoideae </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p>Dryadoideae </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td> <td><div class="clade"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p>Dryadoideae </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p>Amygdaloideae </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p>Rosoideae </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td> <td><div class="clade"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p>Rosoideae </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p>Dryadoideae </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p>Amygdaloideae </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Amygdaloideae_basal">Amygdaloideae basal</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rosaceae&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Amygdaloideae basal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Amygdaloideae has been identified as the <a href="/wiki/Basal_(phylogenetics)" title="Basal (phylogenetics)">earliest branching</a> subfamily by Chin et al. (2014),<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Li et al. (2015),<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Li et al. (2016),<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Sun et al. (2016).<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most recently Zhang et al. (2017) recovered these relationships using whole <a href="/wiki/Plastid" title="Plastid">plastid</a> genomes:<sup id="cite_ref-Zhang_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zhang-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="clade"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">Rosaceae </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><b><a href="/wiki/Amygdaloideae" title="Amygdaloideae">Amygdaloideae</a></b> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">Malodae </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Maleae" title="Maleae">Maleae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Gillenieae" class="mw-redirect" title="Gillenieae">Gillenieae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Spiraeeae" title="Spiraeeae">Spiraeeae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Sorbarieae" title="Sorbarieae">Sorbarieae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Amygdaleae" class="mw-redirect" title="Amygdaleae">Amygdaleae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">Kerriodae </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Kerrieae" title="Kerrieae">Kerrieae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Exochordeae" title="Exochordeae">Exochordeae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Neillieae" title="Neillieae">Neillieae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Lyonothamneae" class="mw-redirect" title="Lyonothamneae">Lyonothamneae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><b><a href="/wiki/Rosoideae" title="Rosoideae">Rosoideae</a></b> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">Rosodae </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Potentilleae" title="Potentilleae">Potentilleae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Roseae" class="mw-redirect" title="Roseae">Roseae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Sanguisorbeae" title="Sanguisorbeae">Agrimonieae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Rubeae" class="mw-redirect" title="Rubeae">Rubeae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Colurieae" title="Colurieae">Colurieae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Ulmarieae" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulmarieae">Ulmarieae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><b><a href="/wiki/Dryadoideae" title="Dryadoideae">Dryadoideae</a></b> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Dryadeae" class="mw-redirect" title="Dryadeae">Dryadeae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Outgroup_(cladistics)" title="Outgroup (cladistics)">outgroup</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>The sister relationship between Dryadoideae and Rosoideae is supported by the following shared morphological characters not found in Amygdaloideae: presence of stipules, separation of the <a href="/wiki/Hypanthium" title="Hypanthium">hypanthium</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Ovary_(botany)" title="Ovary (botany)">ovary</a>, and the fruits are usually achenes.<sup id="cite_ref-Zhang_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zhang-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Dryadoideae_basal">Dryadoideae basal</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rosaceae&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Dryadoideae basal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dryadoideae has been identified as the earliest branching subfamily by Evans et al. (2002)<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Potter (2003).<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most recently Xiang et al. (2017) recovered these relationships using <a href="/wiki/Cell_nucleus" title="Cell nucleus">nuclear</a> <a href="/wiki/Transcriptomes" class="mw-redirect" title="Transcriptomes">transcriptomes</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="clade"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">Rosaceae </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><b><a href="/wiki/Amygdaloideae" title="Amygdaloideae">Amygdaloideae</a></b> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">Malodae </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Maleae" title="Maleae">Maleae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Gillenieae" class="mw-redirect" title="Gillenieae">Gillenieae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">Kerriodae </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Kerrieae" title="Kerrieae">Kerrieae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Exochordeae" title="Exochordeae">Exochordeae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Sorbarieae" title="Sorbarieae">Sorbarieae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Amygdaleae" class="mw-redirect" title="Amygdaleae">Amygdaleae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Lyonothamneae" class="mw-redirect" title="Lyonothamneae">Lyonothamneae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Spiraeeae" title="Spiraeeae">Spiraeeae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Neillieae" title="Neillieae">Neillieae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><b><a href="/wiki/Rosoideae" title="Rosoideae">Rosoideae</a></b> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">Rosodae </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Sanguisorbeae" title="Sanguisorbeae">Agrimonieae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Potentilleae" title="Potentilleae">Potentilleae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Roseae" class="mw-redirect" title="Roseae">Roseae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Colurieae" title="Colurieae">Colurieae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Rubeae" class="mw-redirect" title="Rubeae">Rubeae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Ulmarieae" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulmarieae">Ulmarieae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><b><a href="/wiki/Dryadoideae" title="Dryadoideae">Dryadoideae</a></b> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Dryadeae" class="mw-redirect" title="Dryadeae">Dryadeae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Outgroup_(cladistics)" title="Outgroup (cladistics)">outgroup</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Rosoideae_basal">Rosoideae basal</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rosaceae&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Rosoideae basal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rosoideae has been identified as the earliest branching subfamily by Morgan et al. (1994),<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Evans (1999),<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Potter et al. (2002),<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Potter et al. (2007),<sup id="cite_ref-Potter_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Potter-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Töpel et al. (2012),<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Chen et al. (2016).<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The following is taken from Potter et al. (2007):<sup id="cite_ref-Potter_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Potter-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="clade"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">Rosaceae </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><b><a href="/wiki/Rosoideae" title="Rosoideae">Rosoideae</a></b> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">Rosodae </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Sanguisorbeae" title="Sanguisorbeae">Agrimonieae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Potentilleae" title="Potentilleae">Potentilleae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Roseae" class="mw-redirect" title="Roseae">Roseae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Colurieae" title="Colurieae">Colurieae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Rubeae" class="mw-redirect" title="Rubeae">Rubeae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Ulmarieae" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulmarieae">Ulmarieae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><b><a href="/wiki/Amygdaloideae" title="Amygdaloideae">Amygdaloideae</a></b> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Sorbarieae" title="Sorbarieae">Sorbarieae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">Malodae </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Maleae" title="Maleae">Maleae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Gillenieae" class="mw-redirect" title="Gillenieae">Gillenieae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Spiraeeae" title="Spiraeeae">Spiraeeae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">Kerriodae </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Kerrieae" title="Kerrieae">Kerrieae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Exochordeae" title="Exochordeae">Exochordeae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Amygdaleae" class="mw-redirect" title="Amygdaleae">Amygdaleae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Neillieae" title="Neillieae">Neillieae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Lyonothamneae" class="mw-redirect" title="Lyonothamneae">Lyonothamneae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><b><a href="/wiki/Dryadoideae" title="Dryadoideae">Dryadoideae</a></b> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Dryadeae" class="mw-redirect" title="Dryadeae">Dryadeae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Outgroup_(cladistics)" title="Outgroup (cladistics)">outgroup</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>The sister relationship between Amygdaloideae and Dryadoideae is supported by the following shared biochemical characters not found in Rosoideae: production of <a href="/wiki/Cyanogenic_glycoside" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyanogenic glycoside">cyanogenic glycosides</a> and production of <a href="/wiki/Sorbitol" title="Sorbitol">sorbitol</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Zhang_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zhang-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distribution_and_habitat">Distribution and habitat</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rosaceae&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Distribution and habitat"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Rosaceae have a cosmopolitan distribution, being found nearly everywhere except for Antarctica. They are primarily concentrated in the Northern Hemisphere in regions that are not desert or tropical rainforest.<sup id="cite_ref-Stevens_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stevens-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uses">Uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rosaceae&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The rose family is considered one of the six most economically important crop plant families,<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and includes <a href="/wiki/Apple" title="Apple">apples</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pear" title="Pear">pears</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quince" title="Quince">quinces</a>, <a href="/wiki/Medlar" class="mw-redirect" title="Medlar">medlars</a>, <a href="/wiki/Loquat" title="Loquat">loquats</a>, <a href="/wiki/Almond" title="Almond">almonds</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peach" title="Peach">peaches</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apricot" title="Apricot">apricots</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plum" title="Plum">plums</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cherry" title="Cherry">cherries</a>, <a href="/wiki/Strawberry" title="Strawberry">strawberries</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blackberry" title="Blackberry">blackberries</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raspberry" title="Raspberry">raspberries</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prunus_spinosa" title="Prunus spinosa">sloes</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rose" title="Rose">roses</a>. </p><p>Many genera are also highly valued ornamental plants. These include trees and shrubs (<i><a href="/wiki/Cotoneaster" title="Cotoneaster">Cotoneaster</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Chaenomeles" title="Chaenomeles">Chaenomeles</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Crataegus" title="Crataegus">Crataegus</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Dasiphora" title="Dasiphora">Dasiphora</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Exochorda" title="Exochorda">Exochorda</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Kerria_(plant)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kerria (plant)">Kerria</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Photinia" title="Photinia">Photinia</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Physocarpus" title="Physocarpus">Physocarpus</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Prunus" title="Prunus">Prunus</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Pyracantha" title="Pyracantha">Pyracantha</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Rhodotypos" title="Rhodotypos">Rhodotypos</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Rose" title="Rose">Rosa</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Sorbus" title="Sorbus">Sorbus</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Spiraea" title="Spiraea">Spiraea</a></i>), herbaceous perennials (<i><a href="/wiki/Alchemilla" title="Alchemilla">Alchemilla</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Aruncus" title="Aruncus">Aruncus</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Filipendula" title="Filipendula">Filipendula</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Geum" title="Geum">Geum</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Potentilla" title="Potentilla">Potentilla</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Sanguisorba" title="Sanguisorba">Sanguisorba</a></i>), alpine plants (<i><a href="/wiki/Dryas_(plant)" title="Dryas (plant)">Dryas</a></i>, <i>Geum</i>, <i>Potentilla</i>) and climbers (<i><a href="/wiki/Rosa_(plant)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rosa (plant)">Rosa</a></i>).<sup id="cite_ref-Watson_and_Dallwitz_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Watson_and_Dallwitz-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, several genera are also introduced noxious weeds in some parts of the world, costing money to be controlled. These <a href="/wiki/Invasive_plant" class="mw-redirect" title="Invasive plant">invasive plants</a> can have negative impacts on the diversity of local ecosystems once established. Such naturalised pests include <i><a href="/wiki/Acaena" title="Acaena">Acaena</a></i>, <i>Cotoneaster</i>, <i>Crataegus</i>, and <i>Pyracantha</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Watson_and_Dallwitz_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Watson_and_Dallwitz-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Bulgaria and parts of western Asia, the production of rose oil from fresh flowers such as <i><a href="/wiki/Rosa_%C3%97_damascena" title="Rosa × damascena">Rosa damascena</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Rosa_gallica" title="Rosa gallica">Rosa gallica</a></i>, and other species is an important economic industry.<sup id="cite_ref-Heywood-2007_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Heywood-2007-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rosaceae&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The family Rosaceae covers a wide range of trees, bushes and plants. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Acaena_magellanica_magellanica_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Buzzy burr (Acaena magellanica)"><img alt="Buzzy burr (Acaena magellanica)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Acaena_magellanica_magellanica_1.jpg/120px-Acaena_magellanica_magellanica_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Acaena_magellanica_magellanica_1.jpg/180px-Acaena_magellanica_magellanica_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Acaena_magellanica_magellanica_1.jpg/240px-Acaena_magellanica_magellanica_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1352" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Buzzy burr (<i>Acaena magellanica</i>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Alchemilla_vulgaris.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Common lady's mantle (Alchemilla vulgaris)"><img alt="Common lady's mantle (Alchemilla vulgaris)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Alchemilla_vulgaris.jpg/120px-Alchemilla_vulgaris.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Alchemilla_vulgaris.jpg/250px-Alchemilla_vulgaris.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Common lady's mantle (<i>Alchemilla vulgaris</i>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aruncus_dioicus_15105.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Goat's beard (Aruncus dioicus)"><img alt="Goat's beard (Aruncus dioicus)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Aruncus_dioicus_15105.JPG/90px-Aruncus_dioicus_15105.JPG" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Aruncus_dioicus_15105.JPG/135px-Aruncus_dioicus_15105.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Aruncus_dioicus_15105.JPG/180px-Aruncus_dioicus_15105.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="2560" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Goat's beard (<i>Aruncus dioicus</i>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chaenomeles_japonica_a1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Maule's quince (Chaenomeles japonica)"><img alt="Maule's quince (Chaenomeles japonica)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Chaenomeles_japonica_a1.jpg/120px-Chaenomeles_japonica_a1.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Chaenomeles_japonica_a1.jpg/250px-Chaenomeles_japonica_a1.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="925" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Maule's quince (<i>Chaenomeles japonica</i>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cercocarpus_betuloides_blancheae.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Mountain mahogany (Cercocarpus betuloides)"><img alt="Mountain mahogany (Cercocarpus betuloides)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Cercocarpus_betuloides_blancheae.JPG/120px-Cercocarpus_betuloides_blancheae.JPG" decoding="async" width="113" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Cercocarpus_betuloides_blancheae.JPG/250px-Cercocarpus_betuloides_blancheae.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="2705" data-file-height="2873" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Mountain mahogany (<i>Cercocarpus betuloides</i>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crataegus_Submollis_Flowers_and_Thorns.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Northern downy hawthorn (Crataegus submollis)"><img alt="Northern downy hawthorn (Crataegus submollis)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Crataegus_Submollis_Flowers_and_Thorns.jpg/90px-Crataegus_Submollis_Flowers_and_Thorns.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Crataegus_Submollis_Flowers_and_Thorns.jpg/135px-Crataegus_Submollis_Flowers_and_Thorns.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Crataegus_Submollis_Flowers_and_Thorns.jpg/180px-Crataegus_Submollis_Flowers_and_Thorns.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Northern downy hawthorn (<i>Crataegus submollis</i>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cotoneaster_adpressus_GotBot_2015_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Creeping cotoneaster (Cotoneaster adpressus)"><img alt="Creeping cotoneaster (Cotoneaster adpressus)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Cotoneaster_adpressus_GotBot_2015_001.jpg/120px-Cotoneaster_adpressus_GotBot_2015_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Cotoneaster_adpressus_GotBot_2015_001.jpg/180px-Cotoneaster_adpressus_GotBot_2015_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Cotoneaster_adpressus_GotBot_2015_001.jpg/240px-Cotoneaster_adpressus_GotBot_2015_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5496" data-file-height="3670" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Creeping cotoneaster (<i>Cotoneaster adpressus</i>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dasiphora_fruticosa_5698.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Shrubby cinquefoil (Dasiphora fruticosa)"><img alt="Shrubby cinquefoil (Dasiphora fruticosa)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Dasiphora_fruticosa_5698.jpg/120px-Dasiphora_fruticosa_5698.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Dasiphora_fruticosa_5698.jpg/250px-Dasiphora_fruticosa_5698.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="4272" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Shrubby cinquefoil (<i>Dasiphora fruticosa</i>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mountainavens2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mountain avens (Dryas octopetala)"><img alt="Mountain avens (Dryas octopetala)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Mountainavens2.jpg/120px-Mountainavens2.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Mountainavens2.jpg/180px-Mountainavens2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Mountainavens2.jpg/240px-Mountainavens2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="570" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Mountain avens (<i><a href="/wiki/Dryas_octopetala" title="Dryas octopetala">Dryas octopetala</a></i>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Eriobotrya_japonica_B.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica), a fruit tree typical by flowering in autumn"><img alt="Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica), a fruit tree typical by flowering in autumn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Eriobotrya_japonica_B.jpg/90px-Eriobotrya_japonica_B.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Eriobotrya_japonica_B.jpg/135px-Eriobotrya_japonica_B.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Eriobotrya_japonica_B.jpg/180px-Eriobotrya_japonica_B.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Loquat (<i>Eriobotrya japonica</i>), a fruit tree typical by flowering in autumn</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Exochorda_racemosa1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pearlbush (Exochorda racemosa)"><img alt="Pearlbush (Exochorda racemosa)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Exochorda_racemosa1.jpg/120px-Exochorda_racemosa1.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Exochorda_racemosa1.jpg/180px-Exochorda_racemosa1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Exochorda_racemosa1.jpg/240px-Exochorda_racemosa1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1712" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Pearlbush (<i>Exochorda racemosa</i>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:(MHNT)_Filipendula_vulgaris_-_Inflorescence.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dropwort (Filipendula vulgaris)"><img alt="Dropwort (Filipendula vulgaris)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/%28MHNT%29_Filipendula_vulgaris_-_Inflorescence.jpg/61px-%28MHNT%29_Filipendula_vulgaris_-_Inflorescence.jpg" decoding="async" width="61" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/%28MHNT%29_Filipendula_vulgaris_-_Inflorescence.jpg/92px-%28MHNT%29_Filipendula_vulgaris_-_Inflorescence.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/%28MHNT%29_Filipendula_vulgaris_-_Inflorescence.jpg/122px-%28MHNT%29_Filipendula_vulgaris_-_Inflorescence.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6976" data-file-height="13642" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Dropwort (<i>Filipendula vulgaris</i>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FragariaMoschata.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Musk strawberry (Fragaria moschata) valued for its intense aroma"><img alt="Musk strawberry (Fragaria moschata) valued for its intense aroma" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/FragariaMoschata.JPG/90px-FragariaMoschata.JPG" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/FragariaMoschata.JPG/135px-FragariaMoschata.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/FragariaMoschata.JPG/180px-FragariaMoschata.JPG 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Musk strawberry (<i>Fragaria moschata</i>) valued for its intense aroma</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Geum_triflorum_4881.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Old man's whiskers (Geum triflorum)"><img alt="Old man's whiskers (Geum triflorum)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Geum_triflorum_4881.JPG/120px-Geum_triflorum_4881.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Geum_triflorum_4881.JPG/180px-Geum_triflorum_4881.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Geum_triflorum_4881.JPG/240px-Geum_triflorum_4881.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2848" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Old man's whiskers (<i>Geum triflorum</i>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kerria_japonica_2.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Kerria japonica"><img alt="Kerria japonica" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Kerria_japonica_2.JPG/120px-Kerria_japonica_2.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Kerria_japonica_2.JPG/250px-Kerria_japonica_2.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2848" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <i>Kerria japonica</i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Apple_blossoms.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Apple tree blossoms (Malus pumila)"><img alt="Apple tree blossoms (Malus pumila)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Apple_blossoms.jpg/120px-Apple_blossoms.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Apple_blossoms.jpg/250px-Apple_blossoms.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1067" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Apple tree blossoms (<i>Malus pumila</i>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mispel-Crataegus-germanica-001.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Common medlar (Mespilus germanica)"><img alt="Common medlar (Mespilus germanica)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Mispel-Crataegus-germanica-001.jpg/120px-Mispel-Crataegus-germanica-001.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Mispel-Crataegus-germanica-001.jpg/180px-Mispel-Crataegus-germanica-001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Mispel-Crataegus-germanica-001.jpg/240px-Mispel-Crataegus-germanica-001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3434" data-file-height="2290" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Common medlar (<i>Mespilus germanica</i>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Photinia_fraseri_B.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Red Tip Photinia (Photinia x fraseri) popular for red color of its new growths"><img alt="Red Tip Photinia (Photinia x fraseri) popular for red color of its new growths" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Photinia_fraseri_B.JPG/120px-Photinia_fraseri_B.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Photinia_fraseri_B.JPG/180px-Photinia_fraseri_B.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Photinia_fraseri_B.JPG/240px-Photinia_fraseri_B.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Red Tip Photinia (<i>Photinia x fraseri</i>) popular for red color of its new growths</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Physocarpus_opulifolius_USFWS.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Common ninebark (Physocarpus opulifolius)"><img alt="Common ninebark (Physocarpus opulifolius)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Physocarpus_opulifolius_USFWS.jpg/120px-Physocarpus_opulifolius_USFWS.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Physocarpus_opulifolius_USFWS.jpg/180px-Physocarpus_opulifolius_USFWS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Physocarpus_opulifolius_USFWS.jpg/240px-Physocarpus_opulifolius_USFWS.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="267" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Common ninebark (<i>Physocarpus opulifolius</i>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Potentilla_reptans_sl8.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Creeping cinquefoil (Potentilla reptans)"><img alt="Creeping cinquefoil (Potentilla reptans)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Potentilla_reptans_sl8.jpg/120px-Potentilla_reptans_sl8.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Potentilla_reptans_sl8.jpg/180px-Potentilla_reptans_sl8.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Potentilla_reptans_sl8.jpg/240px-Potentilla_reptans_sl8.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4128" data-file-height="3096" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Creeping cinquefoil (<i>Potentilla reptans</i>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PikiWiki_Israel_7025_Amond_blossom.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mature fruit of an almond tree (Prunus dulcis)"><img alt="Mature fruit of an almond tree (Prunus dulcis)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/PikiWiki_Israel_7025_Amond_blossom.jpg/120px-PikiWiki_Israel_7025_Amond_blossom.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/PikiWiki_Israel_7025_Amond_blossom.jpg/180px-PikiWiki_Israel_7025_Amond_blossom.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/PikiWiki_Israel_7025_Amond_blossom.jpg/240px-PikiWiki_Israel_7025_Amond_blossom.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="669" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Mature fruit of an almond tree (<i>Prunus dulcis</i>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PRUNUS_SPINOSA_-_SANT_JUST_-_IB-481_(Aranyoner).JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Blackthorn (Prunus spinosa)"><img alt="Blackthorn (Prunus spinosa)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/PRUNUS_SPINOSA_-_SANT_JUST_-_IB-481_%28Aranyoner%29.JPG/120px-PRUNUS_SPINOSA_-_SANT_JUST_-_IB-481_%28Aranyoner%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/PRUNUS_SPINOSA_-_SANT_JUST_-_IB-481_%28Aranyoner%29.JPG/180px-PRUNUS_SPINOSA_-_SANT_JUST_-_IB-481_%28Aranyoner%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/PRUNUS_SPINOSA_-_SANT_JUST_-_IB-481_%28Aranyoner%29.JPG/240px-PRUNUS_SPINOSA_-_SANT_JUST_-_IB-481_%28Aranyoner%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Blackthorn (<i>Prunus spinosa</i>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Purshia_stansburiana_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Stansbury's cliffrose (Purshia stansburyana)"><img alt="Stansbury's cliffrose (Purshia stansburyana)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Purshia_stansburiana_2.jpg/120px-Purshia_stansburiana_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Purshia_stansburiana_2.jpg/180px-Purshia_stansburiana_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Purshia_stansburiana_2.jpg/240px-Purshia_stansburiana_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1589" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Stansbury's cliffrose (<i>Purshia stansburyana</i>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brosen_pyracantha_coccinea1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Scarlet firethorn (Pyracantha coccinea)"><img alt="Scarlet firethorn (Pyracantha coccinea)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Brosen_pyracantha_coccinea1.jpg/120px-Brosen_pyracantha_coccinea1.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Brosen_pyracantha_coccinea1.jpg/180px-Brosen_pyracantha_coccinea1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Brosen_pyracantha_coccinea1.jpg/240px-Brosen_pyracantha_coccinea1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="717" data-file-height="538" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Scarlet firethorn (<i>Pyracantha coccinea</i>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pear-tree,katori-city,japan.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Nashi pear (Pyrus pyrifolia) typical for Asian countries"><img alt="Nashi pear (Pyrus pyrifolia) typical for Asian countries" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Pear-tree%2Ckatori-city%2Cjapan.JPG/120px-Pear-tree%2Ckatori-city%2Cjapan.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Pear-tree%2Ckatori-city%2Cjapan.JPG/250px-Pear-tree%2Ckatori-city%2Cjapan.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Nashi pear (<i>Pyrus pyrifolia</i>) typical for Asian countries</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rhodotypos-scandens-fruit.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Rhodotypos scandens, a Japanese shrub with fruits high in toxic amygdalin"><img alt="Rhodotypos scandens, a Japanese shrub with fruits high in toxic amygdalin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Rhodotypos-scandens-fruit.JPG/120px-Rhodotypos-scandens-fruit.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Rhodotypos-scandens-fruit.JPG/180px-Rhodotypos-scandens-fruit.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Rhodotypos-scandens-fruit.JPG/240px-Rhodotypos-scandens-fruit.JPG 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="450" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <i>Rhodotypos scandens</i>, a Japanese shrub with fruits high in toxic amygdalin</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rosa_sericea_jd_plt_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The silky rose (Rosa sericea) known for its ornamental prickles"><img alt="The silky rose (Rosa sericea) known for its ornamental prickles" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Rosa_sericea_jd_plt_1.jpg/120px-Rosa_sericea_jd_plt_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Rosa_sericea_jd_plt_1.jpg/180px-Rosa_sericea_jd_plt_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Rosa_sericea_jd_plt_1.jpg/240px-Rosa_sericea_jd_plt_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3496" data-file-height="2560" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> The silky rose (<i>Rosa sericea</i>) known for its ornamental prickles</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rubus_spectabilis_39139.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Salmonberry (Rubus spectabilis)"><img alt="Salmonberry (Rubus spectabilis)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Rubus_spectabilis_39139.JPG/120px-Rubus_spectabilis_39139.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Rubus_spectabilis_39139.JPG/180px-Rubus_spectabilis_39139.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Rubus_spectabilis_39139.JPG/240px-Rubus_spectabilis_39139.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Salmonberry (<i>Rubus spectabilis</i>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Toten_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Great burnet (Sanguisorba officinalis)"><img alt="Great burnet (Sanguisorba officinalis)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Toten_2.jpg/80px-Toten_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Toten_2.jpg/120px-Toten_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Toten_2.jpg/160px-Toten_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="2100" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Great burnet (<i>Sanguisorba officinalis</i>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sorbus_alnifolia_%27Submollis%27_JPG1La.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Autumn foliage of the Korean mountain ash (Sorbus alnifolia)"><img alt="Autumn foliage of the Korean mountain ash (Sorbus alnifolia)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Sorbus_alnifolia_%27Submollis%27_JPG1La.jpg/120px-Sorbus_alnifolia_%27Submollis%27_JPG1La.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Sorbus_alnifolia_%27Submollis%27_JPG1La.jpg/180px-Sorbus_alnifolia_%27Submollis%27_JPG1La.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Sorbus_alnifolia_%27Submollis%27_JPG1La.jpg/240px-Sorbus_alnifolia_%27Submollis%27_JPG1La.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2496" data-file-height="1664" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Autumn foliage of the Korean mountain ash (<i>Sorbus alnifolia</i>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Spiraea_splendens_21648.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Rose meadowsweet (Spiraea splendens)"><img alt="Rose meadowsweet (Spiraea splendens)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Spiraea_splendens_21648.JPG/120px-Spiraea_splendens_21648.JPG" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Spiraea_splendens_21648.JPG/250px-Spiraea_splendens_21648.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="2560" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Rose meadowsweet (<i>Spiraea splendens</i>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flowers_of_Rosa_chinensis.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rosa chinensis"><img alt="Rosa chinensis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Flowers_of_Rosa_chinensis.jpg/120px-Flowers_of_Rosa_chinensis.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Flowers_of_Rosa_chinensis.jpg/250px-Flowers_of_Rosa_chinensis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1365" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Rosa chinensis</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rosaceae&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription 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.cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFZhang_S.-D.Jin_J.-J.Chen_S.-Y.Chase_M._W.2017" class="citation journal cs1">Zhang S.-D.; Jin J.-J.; Chen S.-Y.; et al. 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Bennett (undated). <i>Economic Botany: Twenty-Five Economically Important Plant Families</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eolss.net/Sample-Chapters/C09/E6-118-03.pdf">Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS) e-book</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rosaceae&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template:Fern_classification" title="Template:Fern classification">Polypodiophyta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Acrogymnospermae_classification" title="Template:Acrogymnospermae classification">Acrogymnospermae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Angiosperm_families" title="Template:Angiosperm families">Angiospermae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#C3EEC3;;width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Basal_angiosperms" title="Basal angiosperms">Basal<div style="clear:both;" class=""></div>angio<div style="clear:both;" class=""></div>sperms</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Amborellales" class="mw-redirect" title="Amborellales">Amborellales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amborellaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Amborellaceae">Amborellaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Nymphaeales" title="Nymphaeales">Nymphaeales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hydatellaceae" title="Hydatellaceae">Hydatellaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabombaceae" title="Cabombaceae">Cabombaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nymphaeaceae" title="Nymphaeaceae">Nymphaeaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Austrobaileyales" title="Austrobaileyales">Austrobaileyales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austrobaileyaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Austrobaileyaceae">Austrobaileyaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trimeniaceae" title="Trimeniaceae">Trimeniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schisandraceae" title="Schisandraceae">Schisandraceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#C3EEC3;;width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><div style="margin:+20px; position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);"> <a href="/wiki/Mesangiospermae" title="Mesangiospermae">Mesangiospermae</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Magnoliids" title="Magnoliids">Magnoliidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Canellales" title="Canellales">Canellales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canellaceae" title="Canellaceae">Canellaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winteraceae" title="Winteraceae">Winteraceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Piperales" title="Piperales">Piperales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aristolochiaceae" title="Aristolochiaceae">Aristolochiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saururaceae" title="Saururaceae">Saururaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piperaceae" title="Piperaceae">Piperaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Magnoliales" title="Magnoliales">Magnoliales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Myristicaceae" title="Myristicaceae">Myristicaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnoliaceae" title="Magnoliaceae">Magnoliaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Degeneriaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Degeneriaceae">Degeneriaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himantandraceae" title="Himantandraceae">Himantandraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eupomatiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Eupomatiaceae">Eupomatiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annonaceae" title="Annonaceae">Annonaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Laurales" title="Laurales">Laurales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calycanthaceae" title="Calycanthaceae">Calycanthaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siparunaceae" title="Siparunaceae">Siparunaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gomortegaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Gomortegaceae">Gomortegaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atherospermataceae" title="Atherospermataceae">Atherospermataceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hernandiaceae" title="Hernandiaceae">Hernandiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monimiaceae" title="Monimiaceae">Monimiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauraceae" title="Lauraceae">Lauraceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><b>Chloranthidae</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Chloranthales17" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Chloranthales" class="mw-redirect" title="Chloranthales">Chloranthales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chloranthaceae" title="Chloranthaceae">Chloranthaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><b>Lilidae</b> <br />(<a href="/wiki/Monocots" class="mw-redirect" title="Monocots">Monocots</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Acorales" class="mw-redirect" title="Acorales">Acorales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acoraceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Acoraceae">Acoraceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Alismatales" title="Alismatales">Alismatales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Araceae" title="Araceae">Araceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tofieldiaceae" title="Tofieldiaceae">Tofieldiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alismataceae" title="Alismataceae">Alismataceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butomaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Butomaceae">Butomaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrocharitaceae" title="Hydrocharitaceae">Hydrocharitaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scheuchzeriaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Scheuchzeriaceae">Scheuchzeriaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aponogetonaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Aponogetonaceae">Aponogetonaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juncaginaceae" title="Juncaginaceae">Juncaginaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maundiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Maundiaceae">Maundiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zosteraceae" title="Zosteraceae">Zosteraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potamogetonaceae" title="Potamogetonaceae">Potamogetonaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posidoniaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Posidoniaceae">Posidoniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruppiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruppiaceae">Ruppiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cymodoceaceae" title="Cymodoceaceae">Cymodoceaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Petrosaviales" class="mw-redirect" title="Petrosaviales">Petrosaviales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Petrosaviaceae" title="Petrosaviaceae">Petrosaviaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Dioscoreales" title="Dioscoreales">Dioscoreales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nartheciaceae" title="Nartheciaceae">Nartheciaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmanniaceae" title="Burmanniaceae">Burmanniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dioscoreaceae" title="Dioscoreaceae">Dioscoreaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Pandanales" title="Pandanales">Pandanales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Triuridaceae" title="Triuridaceae">Triuridaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velloziaceae" title="Velloziaceae">Velloziaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stemonaceae" title="Stemonaceae">Stemonaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclanthaceae" title="Cyclanthaceae">Cyclanthaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandanaceae" title="Pandanaceae">Pandanaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Liliales" title="Liliales">Liliales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Campynemataceae" title="Campynemataceae">Campynemataceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corsiaceae" title="Corsiaceae">Corsiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanthiaceae" title="Melanthiaceae">Melanthiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petermanniaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Petermanniaceae">Petermanniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alstroemeriaceae" title="Alstroemeriaceae">Alstroemeriaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colchicaceae" title="Colchicaceae">Colchicaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philesiaceae" title="Philesiaceae">Philesiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ripogonaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Ripogonaceae">Ripogonaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smilacaceae" title="Smilacaceae">Smilacaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liliaceae" title="Liliaceae">Liliaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Asparagales" title="Asparagales">Asparagales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orchid" title="Orchid">Orchidaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boryaceae" title="Boryaceae">Boryaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blandfordiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Blandfordiaceae">Blandfordiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asteliaceae" title="Asteliaceae">Asteliaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanariaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Lanariaceae">Lanariaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypoxidaceae" title="Hypoxidaceae">Hypoxidaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doryanthaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Doryanthaceae">Doryanthaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ixioliriaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Ixioliriaceae">Ixioliriaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tecophilaeaceae" title="Tecophilaeaceae">Tecophilaeaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iridaceae" title="Iridaceae">Iridaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xeronemataceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Xeronemataceae">Xeronemataceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asphodelaceae" title="Asphodelaceae">Asphodelaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amaryllidaceae" title="Amaryllidaceae">Amaryllidaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asparagaceae" title="Asparagaceae">Asparagaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Arecales" title="Arecales">Arecales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dasypogonaceae" title="Dasypogonaceae">Dasypogonaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arecaceae" title="Arecaceae">Arecaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Commelinales" title="Commelinales">Commelinales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hanguanaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanguanaceae">Hanguanaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commelinaceae" title="Commelinaceae">Commelinaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philydraceae" title="Philydraceae">Philydraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontederiaceae" title="Pontederiaceae">Pontederiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haemodoraceae" title="Haemodoraceae">Haemodoraceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Zingiberales" title="Zingiberales">Zingiberales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Strelitziaceae" title="Strelitziaceae">Strelitziaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Lowiaceae">Lowiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heliconiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Heliconiaceae">Heliconiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musaceae" title="Musaceae">Musaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Cannaceae">Cannaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marantaceae" title="Marantaceae">Marantaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costaceae" title="Costaceae">Costaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zingiberaceae" title="Zingiberaceae">Zingiberaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Poales" title="Poales">Poales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Typhaceae" title="Typhaceae">Typhaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bromeliaceae" title="Bromeliaceae">Bromeliaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapateaceae" title="Rapateaceae">Rapateaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xyridaceae" title="Xyridaceae">Xyridaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eriocaulaceae" title="Eriocaulaceae">Eriocaulaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayacaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayacaceae">Mayacaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurniaceae" title="Thurniaceae">Thurniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juncaceae" title="Juncaceae">Juncaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyperaceae" title="Cyperaceae">Cyperaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restionaceae" title="Restionaceae">Restionaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flagellariaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Flagellariaceae">Flagellariaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joinvilleaceae" title="Joinvilleaceae">Joinvilleaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecdeiocoleaceae" title="Ecdeiocoleaceae">Ecdeiocoleaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poaceae" title="Poaceae">Poaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><b>Ceratophyllidae</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Ceratophyllales19" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Ceratophyllales" class="mw-redirect" title="Ceratophyllales">Ceratophyllales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ceratophyllaceae" title="Ceratophyllaceae">Ceratophyllaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Eudicots" title="Eudicots">Eudicots</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Buxales" title="Buxales">Buxales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buxaceae" title="Buxaceae">Buxaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Proteales" title="Proteales">Proteales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sabiaceae" title="Sabiaceae">Sabiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelumbonaceae" title="Nelumbonaceae">Nelumbonaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platanaceae" title="Platanaceae">Platanaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proteaceae" title="Proteaceae">Proteaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Ranunculales" title="Ranunculales">Ranunculales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eupteleaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Eupteleaceae">Eupteleaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papaveraceae" title="Papaveraceae">Papaveraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circaeasteraceae" title="Circaeasteraceae">Circaeasteraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lardizabalaceae" title="Lardizabalaceae">Lardizabalaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menispermaceae" title="Menispermaceae">Menispermaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berberidaceae" title="Berberidaceae">Berberidaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranunculaceae" title="Ranunculaceae">Ranunculaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Trochodendrales" class="mw-redirect" title="Trochodendrales">Trochodendrales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trochodendraceae" title="Trochodendraceae">Trochodendraceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Dilleniales" title="Dilleniales">Dilleniales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dilleniaceae" title="Dilleniaceae">Dilleniaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Gunnerales" title="Gunnerales">Gunnerales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Myrothamnaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Myrothamnaceae">Myrothamnaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunneraceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Gunneraceae">Gunneraceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);;"> <a href="/wiki/Superrosids" title="Superrosids">Superrosids</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Saxifragales" title="Saxifragales">Saxifragales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peridiscaceae" title="Peridiscaceae">Peridiscaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paeoniaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Paeoniaceae">Paeoniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altingiaceae" title="Altingiaceae">Altingiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamamelidaceae" title="Hamamelidaceae">Hamamelidaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cercidiphyllaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Cercidiphyllaceae">Cercidiphyllaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daphniphyllaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Daphniphyllaceae">Daphniphyllaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iteaceae" title="Iteaceae">Iteaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grossulariaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Grossulariaceae">Grossulariaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saxifragaceae" title="Saxifragaceae">Saxifragaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crassulaceae" title="Crassulaceae">Crassulaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aphanopetalaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Aphanopetalaceae">Aphanopetalaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetracarpaeaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Tetracarpaeaceae">Tetracarpaeaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penthoraceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Penthoraceae">Penthoraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haloragaceae" title="Haloragaceae">Haloragaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cynomoriaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Cynomoriaceae">Cynomoriaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Rosids97" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);;"> <a href="/wiki/Rosids" title="Rosids">Rosids</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Vitales11" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Vitales" class="mw-redirect" title="Vitales">Vitales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vitaceae" title="Vitaceae">Vitaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);;"> <a href="/wiki/Fabids" class="mw-redirect" title="Fabids">Fabids</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Cucurbitales" title="Cucurbitales">Cucurbitales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apodanthaceae" title="Apodanthaceae">Apodanthaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anisophylleaceae" title="Anisophylleaceae">Anisophylleaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corynocarpaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Corynocarpaceae">Corynocarpaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coriariaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Coriariaceae">Coriariaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cucurbitaceae" title="Cucurbitaceae">Cucurbitaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetramelaceae" title="Tetramelaceae">Tetramelaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Datiscaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Datiscaceae">Datiscaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Begoniaceae" title="Begoniaceae">Begoniaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Fabales" title="Fabales">Fabales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quillajaceae" title="Quillajaceae">Quillajaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fabaceae" title="Fabaceae">Fabaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surianaceae" title="Surianaceae">Surianaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polygalaceae" title="Polygalaceae">Polygalaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Fagales" title="Fagales">Fagales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nothofagaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Nothofagaceae">Nothofagaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fagaceae" title="Fagaceae">Fagaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myricaceae" title="Myricaceae">Myricaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juglandaceae" title="Juglandaceae">Juglandaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casuarinaceae" title="Casuarinaceae">Casuarinaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ticodendraceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Ticodendraceae">Ticodendraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betulaceae" title="Betulaceae">Betulaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Rosales" title="Rosales">Rosales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rosaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbeyaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbeyaceae">Barbeyaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirachmaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Dirachmaceae">Dirachmaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elaeagnaceae" title="Elaeagnaceae">Elaeagnaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhamnaceae" title="Rhamnaceae">Rhamnaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulmaceae" title="Ulmaceae">Ulmaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabaceae" title="Cannabaceae">Cannabaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moraceae" title="Moraceae">Moraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urticaceae" title="Urticaceae">Urticaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Zygophyllales" title="Zygophyllales">Zygophyllales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Krameriaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Krameriaceae">Krameriaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zygophyllaceae" title="Zygophyllaceae">Zygophyllaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Celastrales" title="Celastrales">Celastrales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lepidobotryaceae" title="Lepidobotryaceae">Lepidobotryaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celastraceae" title="Celastraceae">Celastraceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Malpighiales" title="Malpighiales">Malpighiales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pandaceae" title="Pandaceae">Pandaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irvingiaceae" title="Irvingiaceae">Irvingiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ctenolophonaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Ctenolophonaceae">Ctenolophonaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhizophoraceae" title="Rhizophoraceae">Rhizophoraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erythroxylaceae" title="Erythroxylaceae">Erythroxylaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ochnaceae" title="Ochnaceae">Ochnaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonnetiaceae" title="Bonnetiaceae">Bonnetiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clusiaceae" title="Clusiaceae">Clusiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calophyllaceae" title="Calophyllaceae">Calophyllaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podostemaceae" title="Podostemaceae">Podostemaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypericaceae" title="Hypericaceae">Hypericaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caryocaraceae" title="Caryocaraceae">Caryocaraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lophopyxidaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Lophopyxidaceae">Lophopyxidaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putranjivaceae" title="Putranjivaceae">Putranjivaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centroplacaceae" title="Centroplacaceae">Centroplacaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elatinaceae" title="Elatinaceae">Elatinaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malpighiaceae" title="Malpighiaceae">Malpighiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balanopaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Balanopaceae">Balanopaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trigoniaceae" title="Trigoniaceae">Trigoniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dichapetalaceae" title="Dichapetalaceae">Dichapetalaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphroniaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Euphroniaceae">Euphroniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrysobalanaceae" title="Chrysobalanaceae">Chrysobalanaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humiriaceae" title="Humiriaceae">Humiriaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achariaceae" title="Achariaceae">Achariaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violaceae" title="Violaceae">Violaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goupiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Goupiaceae">Goupiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passifloraceae" title="Passifloraceae">Passifloraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lacistemataceae" title="Lacistemataceae">Lacistemataceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salicaceae" title="Salicaceae">Salicaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peraceae" title="Peraceae">Peraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafflesiaceae" title="Rafflesiaceae">Rafflesiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphorbiaceae" title="Euphorbiaceae">Euphorbiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linaceae" title="Linaceae">Linaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ixonanthaceae" title="Ixonanthaceae">Ixonanthaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picrodendraceae" title="Picrodendraceae">Picrodendraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phyllanthaceae" title="Phyllanthaceae">Phyllanthaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Oxalidales" title="Oxalidales">Oxalidales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Huaceae" title="Huaceae">Huaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connaraceae" title="Connaraceae">Connaraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxalidaceae" title="Oxalidaceae">Oxalidaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cunoniaceae" title="Cunoniaceae">Cunoniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elaeocarpaceae" title="Elaeocarpaceae">Elaeocarpaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cephalotaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Cephalotaceae">Cephalotaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunelliaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Brunelliaceae">Brunelliaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);;"> <a href="/wiki/Malvids" class="mw-redirect" title="Malvids">Malvids</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Brassicales" title="Brassicales">Brassicales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akaniaceae" title="Akaniaceae">Akaniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropaeolaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropaeolaceae">Tropaeolaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moringaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Moringaceae">Moringaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caricaceae" title="Caricaceae">Caricaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limnanthaceae" title="Limnanthaceae">Limnanthaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Setchellanthaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Setchellanthaceae">Setchellanthaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koeberliniaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Koeberliniaceae">Koeberliniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bataceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Bataceae">Bataceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvadoraceae" title="Salvadoraceae">Salvadoraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emblingiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Emblingiaceae">Emblingiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tovariaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Tovariaceae">Tovariaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentadiplandraceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Pentadiplandraceae">Pentadiplandraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gyrostemonaceae" title="Gyrostemonaceae">Gyrostemonaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resedaceae" title="Resedaceae">Resedaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capparaceae" title="Capparaceae">Capparaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleomaceae" title="Cleomaceae">Cleomaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brassicaceae" title="Brassicaceae">Brassicaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Crossosomatales" title="Crossosomatales">Crossosomatales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aphloiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Aphloiaceae">Aphloiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geissolomataceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Geissolomataceae">Geissolomataceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strasburgeriaceae" title="Strasburgeriaceae">Strasburgeriaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staphyleaceae" title="Staphyleaceae">Staphyleaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guamatelaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Guamatelaceae">Guamatelaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stachyuraceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Stachyuraceae">Stachyuraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossosomataceae" title="Crossosomataceae">Crossosomataceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Geraniales" title="Geraniales">Geraniales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geraniaceae" title="Geraniaceae">Geraniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francoaceae" title="Francoaceae">Francoaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Huerteales" title="Huerteales">Huerteales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gerrardinaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Gerrardinaceae">Gerrardinaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petenaeaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Petenaeaceae">Petenaeaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapisciaceae" title="Tapisciaceae">Tapisciaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dipentodontaceae" title="Dipentodontaceae">Dipentodontaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Malvales" title="Malvales">Malvales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cytinaceae" title="Cytinaceae">Cytinaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muntingiaceae" title="Muntingiaceae">Muntingiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuradaceae" title="Neuradaceae">Neuradaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malvaceae" title="Malvaceae">Malvaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sphaerosepalaceae" title="Sphaerosepalaceae">Sphaerosepalaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thymelaeaceae" title="Thymelaeaceae">Thymelaeaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bixaceae" title="Bixaceae">Bixaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cistaceae" title="Cistaceae">Cistaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarcolaenaceae" title="Sarcolaenaceae">Sarcolaenaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dipterocarpaceae" title="Dipterocarpaceae">Dipterocarpaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Myrtales" title="Myrtales">Myrtales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Combretaceae" title="Combretaceae">Combretaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lythraceae" title="Lythraceae">Lythraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onagraceae" title="Onagraceae">Onagraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vochysiaceae" title="Vochysiaceae">Vochysiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrtaceae" title="Myrtaceae">Myrtaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melastomataceae" title="Melastomataceae">Melastomataceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crypteroniaceae" title="Crypteroniaceae">Crypteroniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alzateaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Alzateaceae">Alzateaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penaeaceae" title="Penaeaceae">Penaeaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Picramniales" class="mw-redirect" title="Picramniales">Picramniales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Picramniaceae" title="Picramniaceae">Picramniaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Sapindales" title="Sapindales">Sapindales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biebersteiniaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Biebersteiniaceae">Biebersteiniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitrariaceae" title="Nitrariaceae">Nitrariaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirkiaceae" title="Kirkiaceae">Kirkiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burseraceae" title="Burseraceae">Burseraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anacardiaceae" title="Anacardiaceae">Anacardiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sapindaceae" title="Sapindaceae">Sapindaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rutaceae" title="Rutaceae">Rutaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simaroubaceae" title="Simaroubaceae">Simaroubaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meliaceae" title="Meliaceae">Meliaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);;"> <a href="/wiki/Superasterids" title="Superasterids">Superasterids</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Berberidopsidales" title="Berberidopsidales">Berberidopsidales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aextoxicaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Aextoxicaceae">Aextoxicaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berberidopsidaceae" title="Berberidopsidaceae">Berberidopsidaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Caryophyllales" title="Caryophyllales">Caryophyllales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frankeniaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankeniaceae">Frankeniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamaricaceae" title="Tamaricaceae">Tamaricaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plumbaginaceae" title="Plumbaginaceae">Plumbaginaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polygonaceae" title="Polygonaceae">Polygonaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Droseraceae" title="Droseraceae">Droseraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepenthaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Nepenthaceae">Nepenthaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drosophyllaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Drosophyllaceae">Drosophyllaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dioncophyllaceae" title="Dioncophyllaceae">Dioncophyllaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancistrocladaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancistrocladaceae">Ancistrocladaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhabdodendraceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhabdodendraceae">Rhabdodendraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simmondsiaceae" title="Simmondsiaceae">Simmondsiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physenaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Physenaceae">Physenaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asteropeiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Asteropeiaceae">Asteropeiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macarthuriaceae" title="Macarthuriaceae">Macarthuriaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microteaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Microteaceae">Microteaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caryophyllaceae" title="Caryophyllaceae">Caryophyllaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achatocarpaceae" title="Achatocarpaceae">Achatocarpaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amaranthaceae" title="Amaranthaceae">Amaranthaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stegnospermataceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Stegnospermataceae">Stegnospermataceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limeaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Limeaceae">Limeaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lophiocarpaceae" title="Lophiocarpaceae">Lophiocarpaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kewaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Kewaceae">Kewaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbeuiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbeuiaceae">Barbeuiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gisekiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Gisekiaceae">Gisekiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aizoaceae" title="Aizoaceae">Aizoaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phytolaccaceae" title="Phytolaccaceae">Phytolaccaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petiveriaceae" title="Petiveriaceae">Petiveriaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarcobataceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarcobataceae">Sarcobataceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyctaginaceae" title="Nyctaginaceae">Nyctaginaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molluginaceae" title="Molluginaceae">Molluginaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montiaceae" title="Montiaceae">Montiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Didiereaceae" title="Didiereaceae">Didiereaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basellaceae" title="Basellaceae">Basellaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halophytaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Halophytaceae">Halophytaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talinaceae" title="Talinaceae">Talinaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portulacaceae" title="Portulacaceae">Portulacaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anacampserotaceae" title="Anacampserotaceae">Anacampserotaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cactaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Cactaceae">Cactaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Santalales" title="Santalales">Santalales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Olacaceae" title="Olacaceae">Olacaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opiliaceae" title="Opiliaceae">Opiliaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balanophoraceae" title="Balanophoraceae">Balanophoraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santalaceae" title="Santalaceae">Santalaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misodendraceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Misodendraceae">Misodendraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schoepfiaceae" title="Schoepfiaceae">Schoepfiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loranthaceae" title="Loranthaceae">Loranthaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Asterids99" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);;"> <a href="/wiki/Asterids" title="Asterids">Asterids</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Cornales" title="Cornales">Cornales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nyssaceae" title="Nyssaceae">Nyssaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrostachyaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydrostachyaceae">Hydrostachyaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrangeaceae" title="Hydrangeaceae">Hydrangeaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loasaceae" title="Loasaceae">Loasaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtisiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Curtisiaceae">Curtisiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grubbiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Grubbiaceae">Grubbiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornaceae" title="Cornaceae">Cornaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Ericales" title="Ericales">Ericales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balsaminaceae" title="Balsaminaceae">Balsaminaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcgraviaceae" title="Marcgraviaceae">Marcgraviaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrameristaceae" title="Tetrameristaceae">Tetrameristaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fouquieriaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Fouquieriaceae">Fouquieriaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polemoniaceae" title="Polemoniaceae">Polemoniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lecythidaceae" title="Lecythidaceae">Lecythidaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sladeniaceae" title="Sladeniaceae">Sladeniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentaphylacaceae" title="Pentaphylacaceae">Pentaphylacaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sapotaceae" title="Sapotaceae">Sapotaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebenaceae" title="Ebenaceae">Ebenaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primulaceae" title="Primulaceae">Primulaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theaceae" title="Theaceae">Theaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symplocaceae" title="Symplocaceae">Symplocaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diapensiaceae" title="Diapensiaceae">Diapensiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Styracaceae" title="Styracaceae">Styracaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarraceniaceae" title="Sarraceniaceae">Sarraceniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roridulaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Roridulaceae">Roridulaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Actinidiaceae" title="Actinidiaceae">Actinidiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clethraceae" title="Clethraceae">Clethraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillaceae" title="Cyrillaceae">Cyrillaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ericaceae" title="Ericaceae">Ericaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitrastemonaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Mitrastemonaceae">Mitrastemonaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);;"> <a href="/wiki/Lamiids" class="mw-redirect" title="Lamiids">Lamiids</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Icacinales" title="Icacinales">Icacinales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oncothecaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Oncothecaceae">Oncothecaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icacinaceae" title="Icacinaceae">Icacinaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Metteniusales" class="mw-redirect" title="Metteniusales">Metteniusales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metteniusaceae" title="Metteniusaceae">Metteniusaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Garryales" title="Garryales">Garryales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eucommiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Eucommiaceae">Eucommiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garryaceae" title="Garryaceae">Garryaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Gentianales" title="Gentianales">Gentianales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rubiaceae" title="Rubiaceae">Rubiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gentianaceae" title="Gentianaceae">Gentianaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loganiaceae" title="Loganiaceae">Loganiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelsemiaceae" title="Gelsemiaceae">Gelsemiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apocynaceae" title="Apocynaceae">Apocynaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Boraginales" title="Boraginales">Boraginales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boraginaceae" title="Boraginaceae">Boraginaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Vahliales" class="mw-redirect" title="Vahliales">Vahliales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vahliaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Vahliaceae">Vahliaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Solanales" title="Solanales">Solanales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Convolvulaceae" title="Convolvulaceae">Convolvulaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solanaceae" title="Solanaceae">Solanaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montiniaceae" title="Montiniaceae">Montiniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sphenocleaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Sphenocleaceae">Sphenocleaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydroleaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydroleaceae">Hydroleaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Lamiales" title="Lamiales">Lamiales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Plocospermataceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Plocospermataceae">Plocospermataceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlemanniaceae" title="Carlemanniaceae">Carlemanniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleaceae" title="Oleaceae">Oleaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrachondraceae" title="Tetrachondraceae">Tetrachondraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calceolariaceae" title="Calceolariaceae">Calceolariaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gesneriaceae" title="Gesneriaceae">Gesneriaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plantaginaceae" title="Plantaginaceae">Plantaginaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scrophulariaceae" title="Scrophulariaceae">Scrophulariaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stilbaceae" title="Stilbaceae">Stilbaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linderniaceae" title="Linderniaceae">Linderniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byblidaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Byblidaceae">Byblidaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyniaceae" title="Martyniaceae">Martyniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedaliaceae" title="Pedaliaceae">Pedaliaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acanthaceae" title="Acanthaceae">Acanthaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bignoniaceae" title="Bignoniaceae">Bignoniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lentibulariaceae" title="Lentibulariaceae">Lentibulariaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schlegeliaceae" title="Schlegeliaceae">Schlegeliaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomandersiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomandersiaceae">Thomandersiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verbenaceae" title="Verbenaceae">Verbenaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamiaceae" title="Lamiaceae">Lamiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazaceae" title="Mazaceae">Mazaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phrymaceae" title="Phrymaceae">Phrymaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paulowniaceae" title="Paulowniaceae">Paulowniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orobanchaceae" title="Orobanchaceae">Orobanchaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);;"> <a href="/wiki/Campanulids" class="mw-redirect" title="Campanulids">Campanulids</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Apiales" title="Apiales">Apiales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pennantiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Pennantiaceae">Pennantiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torricelliaceae" title="Torricelliaceae">Torricelliaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Griseliniaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Griseliniaceae">Griseliniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pittosporaceae" title="Pittosporaceae">Pittosporaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Araliaceae" title="Araliaceae">Araliaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myodocarpaceae" title="Myodocarpaceae">Myodocarpaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apiaceae" title="Apiaceae">Apiaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Aquifoliales" title="Aquifoliales">Aquifoliales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stemonuraceae" title="Stemonuraceae">Stemonuraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardiopteridaceae" title="Cardiopteridaceae">Cardiopteridaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phyllonomaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Phyllonomaceae">Phyllonomaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helwingiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Helwingiaceae">Helwingiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquifoliaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Aquifoliaceae">Aquifoliaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Asterales" title="Asterales">Asterales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rousseaceae" title="Rousseaceae">Rousseaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campanulaceae" title="Campanulaceae">Campanulaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentaphragmataceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Pentaphragmataceae">Pentaphragmataceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stylidiaceae" title="Stylidiaceae">Stylidiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alseuosmiaceae" title="Alseuosmiaceae">Alseuosmiaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phellinaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Phellinaceae">Phellinaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argophyllaceae" title="Argophyllaceae">Argophyllaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menyanthaceae" title="Menyanthaceae">Menyanthaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goodeniaceae" title="Goodeniaceae">Goodeniaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calyceraceae" title="Calyceraceae">Calyceraceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asteraceae" title="Asteraceae">Asteraceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Bruniales" title="Bruniales">Bruniales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Columelliaceae" title="Columelliaceae">Columelliaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruniaceae" title="Bruniaceae">Bruniaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Dipsacales" title="Dipsacales">Dipsacales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adoxaceae" title="Adoxaceae">Adoxaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caprifoliaceae" title="Caprifoliaceae">Caprifoliaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Escalloniales" class="mw-redirect" title="Escalloniales">Escalloniales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Escalloniaceae" title="Escalloniaceae">Escalloniaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D4EED4;"><a href="/wiki/Paracryphiales" class="mw-redirect" title="Paracryphiales">Paracryphiales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paracryphiaceae" title="Paracryphiaceae">Paracryphiaceae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#C3EEC3;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Angiosperm_families" title="Category:Angiosperm families">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers5273" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers5273" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Rosaceae</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46299" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q46299">Q46299</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Rosaceae" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Rosaceae">Rosaceae</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Plant_Name_Index" title="Australian Plant Name Index">APNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.biodiversity.org.au/name/apni/54711">54711</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Tropical_Rainforest_Plants" title="Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants">ATRF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apps.lucidcentral.org/rainforest/text/entities/Rosaceae.htm">Rosaceae</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Barcode_of_Life_Data_System" title="Barcode of Life Data System">BOLD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bench.boldsystems.org/index.php/TaxBrowser_TaxonPage?taxid=100946">100946</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/FTK">FTK</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/8097">8097</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/EPPO_Code" title="EPPO Code">EPPO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/1ROSF">1ROSF</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/FloraBase" title="FloraBase">FloraBase</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/browse/profile/22834">22834</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_North_America" title="Flora of North America">FNA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=10776">10776</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Australia" title="Flora of Australia">FoAO2</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://profiles.ala.org.au/opus/foa/profile/Rosaceae">Rosaceae</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_China_(series)" title="Flora of China (series)">FoC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=10776">10776</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/5015">5015</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Germplasm_Resources_Information_Network" title="Germplasm Resources Information Network">GRIN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomyfamily.aspx?id=972">972</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/47148">47148</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/International_Plant_Names_Index" title="International Plant Names Index">IPNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipni.org/n/30000200-2">30000200-2</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=114625">114625</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=24538">24538</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Biodiversity_Network" title="National Biodiversity Network">NBN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://species.nbnatlas.org/species/NBNSYS0000160907">NBNSYS0000160907</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=3745">3745</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">NZOR: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzor.org.nz/names/5828cfa3-45b0-4a02-8497-26fd3fe0a687">5828cfa3-45b0-4a02-8497-26fd3fe0a687</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=208036">208036</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Paleobiology_Database" title="Paleobiology Database">Paleobiology Database</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=54647">54647</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Plazi" title="Plazi">Plazi</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://treatment.plazi.org/id/220AC9D5-032F-6A99-5995-65A7894C44D0">220AC9D5-032F-6A99-5995-65A7894C44D0</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Plants_of_the_World_Online" title="Plants of the World Online">POWO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A30000200-2">urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30000200-2</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Tropicos" title="Tropicos">Tropicos</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tropicos.org/name/42000176">42000176</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">VASCAN: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.canadensys.net/vascan/taxon/207">207</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Herbarium_of_Victoria" title="National Herbarium of Victoria">VicFlora</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/flora/taxon/2ed7e3fa-8568-4c33-85fa-02fba53fe739">2ed7e3fa-8568-4c33-85fa-02fba53fe739</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">Watson & Dallwitz: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://delta-intkey.com/angio/www/rosaceae.htm">rosaceae</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/World_Flora_Online" title="World Flora Online">WFO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://list.worldfloraonline.org/wfo-7000000532">wfo-7000000532</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/World_Register_of_Marine_Species" title="World Register of Marine Species">WoRMS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=414881">414881</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox1618" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46299#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4178462-5">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Rosaceae"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85115400">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Rosacées"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12260200k">France</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Rosacées"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12260200k">BnF data</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="růžovité"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph156673&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000123214&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007546266805171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rosaceae&oldid=1281726462">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rosaceae&oldid=1281726462</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Rosaceae" title="Category:Rosaceae">Rosaceae</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Rosales" title="Category:Rosales">Rosales</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Rosid_families" title="Category:Rosid families">Rosid families</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Extant_Cretaceous_first_appearances" title="Category:Extant Cretaceous first appearances">Extant Cretaceous first appearances</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_DOI_inactive_as_of_November_2024" title="Category:CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024">CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1:_long_volume_value" title="Category:CS1: long volume value">CS1: long volume value</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a 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