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<span>Design</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Design-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Variants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Variants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Variants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Variants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operators" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operators"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Operators</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Operators-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Operators subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Operators-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Current_operators" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current_operators"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Current operators</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Current_operators-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operational_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operational_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Operational history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Operational_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Former_operators" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Former_operators"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Former operators</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Former_operators-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Former_civil_operators" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Former_civil_operators"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.1</span> <span>Former civil operators</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Former_civil_operators-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Former_military_operators" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Former_military_operators"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.2</span> <span>Former military operators</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Former_military_operators-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Incidents_and_accidents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Incidents_and_accidents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Incidents and accidents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Incidents_and_accidents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aircraft_on_display" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aircraft_on_display"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Aircraft on display</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aircraft_on_display-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Specifications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Specifications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Specifications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Specifications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Tupolev Tu-154</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 63 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-63" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">63 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toepolef_Tu-154" title="Toepolef Tu-154 – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Toepolef Tu-154" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolew_Tu-154" title="Tupolew Tu-154 – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Tupolew Tu-154" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%81_%D8%AA%D9%88_154" title="توبوليف تو 154 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="توبوليف تو 154" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-154" title="Tupolev Tu-154 – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Tupolev Tu-154" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-154" title="Tupolev Tu-154 – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Tupolev Tu-154" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83-154" title="Ту-154 – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ту-154" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2_%D0%A2%D1%83-154" title="Туполев Ту-154 – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Туполев Ту-154" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupoljev_Tu-154" title="Tupoljev Tu-154 – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Tupoljev Tu-154" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BApolev_Tu-154" title="Túpolev Tu-154 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Túpolev Tu-154" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83-154" title="Ту-154 – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Ту-154" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-154" title="Tupolev Tu-154 – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Tupolev Tu-154" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-154" title="Tupolev Tu-154 – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Tupolev Tu-154" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-154" title="Tupolev Tu-154 – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tupolev Tu-154" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolew_Tu-154" title="Tupolew Tu-154 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tupolew Tu-154" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-154" title="Tupolev Tu-154 – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tupolev Tu-154" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-154" title="Tupolev Tu-154 – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Tupolev Tu-154" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BApolev_Tu-154" title="Túpolev Tu-154 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Túpolev Tu-154" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-154" title="Tupolev Tu-154 – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Tupolev Tu-154" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tu-154" title="Tu-154 – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Tu-154" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84%D9%81_%D8%AA%D9%88-%DB%B1%DB%B5%DB%B4" title="توپولف تو-۱۵۴ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="توپولف تو-۱۵۴" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-154" title="Tupolev Tu-154 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tupolev Tu-154" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-154" title="Tupolev Tu-154 – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Tupolev Tu-154" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%88%AC%ED%8F%B4%EB%A0%88%ED%94%84_Tu-154" title="투폴레프 Tu-154 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="투폴레프 Tu-154" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupoljev_Tu-154" title="Tupoljev Tu-154 – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Tupoljev Tu-154" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-154" title="Tupolev Tu-154 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tupolev Tu-154" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-154" title="Tupolev Tu-154 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tupolev Tu-154" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%91_Tu-154" title="טופולב Tu-154 – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טופולב Tu-154" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3-154" title="ტუ-154 – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ტუ-154" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev_Tu_154" title="Tupolev Tu 154 – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Tupolev Tu 154" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tu-154" title="Tu-154 – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Tu-154" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-154" title="Tupolev Tu-154 – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Tupolev Tu-154" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tu%E2%80%93154" title="Tu–154 – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Tu–154" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B5_%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82-%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AB%E0%A5%AA" title="तुपोलेव टीयू-१५४ – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="तुपोलेव टीयू-१५४" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-154" title="Tupolev Tu-154 – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tupolev Tu-154" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83-154" title="Ту-154 – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Ту-154" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toepolev_Tu-154" title="Toepolev Tu-154 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Toepolev Tu-154" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tu-154_(%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E6%A9%9F)" title="Tu-154 (航空機) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Tu-154 (航空機)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-154" title="Tupolev Tu-154 – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tupolev Tu-154" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-154" title="Tupolev Tu-154 – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Tupolev Tu-154" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BC%D9%88%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84%D9%81_%D9%BC%D9%88-%DB%B1%DB%B5%DB%B4" title="ټوپولف ټو-۱۵۴ – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ټوپولف ټو-۱۵۴" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-154" title="Tupolev Tu-154 – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Tupolev Tu-154" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tu-154" title="Tu-154 – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Tu-154" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-154" title="Tupolev Tu-154 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tupolev Tu-154" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-154" title="Tupolev Tu-154 – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Tupolev Tu-154" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83-154" title="Ту-154 – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ту-154" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-154" title="Tupolev Tu-154 – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Tupolev Tu-154" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-154" title="Tupolev Tu-154 – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Tupolev Tu-154" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-154" title="Tupolev Tu-154 – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Tupolev Tu-154" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupoljev_Tu-154" title="Tupoljev Tu-154 – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Tupoljev Tu-154" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%99%D0%B5%D0%B2_%D0%A2%D1%83-154" title="Тупољев Ту-154 – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Тупољев Ту-154" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupoljev_Tu-154" title="Tupoljev Tu-154 – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Tupoljev Tu-154" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-154" title="Tupolev Tu-154 – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tupolev Tu-154" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-154" title="Tupolev Tu-154 – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tupolev Tu-154" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83-154" title="Ту-154 – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Ту-154" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%9F_%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B9-154" title="ตูโปเลฟ ตู-154 – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ตูโปเลฟ ตู-154" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83-154" title="Ту-154 – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ту-154" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-154" title="Tupolev Tu-154 – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tupolev Tu-154" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83-154" title="Ту-154 – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ту-154" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%81_%D9%B9%DB%8C_%DB%8C%D9%88-154" title="توپولیف ٹی یو-154 – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="توپولیف ٹی یو-154" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tu-154" title="Tu-154 – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Tu-154" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-154" title="Tupolev Tu-154 – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tupolev Tu-154" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%BE-154" title="图-154 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="图-154" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%96-154" title="圖-154 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="圖-154" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q172957#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-154" title="View the content page [c]" 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Airliner by Tupolev</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248642317">.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .infobox-above{line-height:1.6em;background-color:#eee}.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .infobox-header{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;line-height:23px;background-color:#eee}.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft-caption-left .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft-caption-left .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft-caption-left .infobox-label{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .infobox-label{width:30%;padding-right:3px}.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .infobox-data{width:50%}}</style><table class="infobox ib-aircraft vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Tu-154</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tupolev_Tu-154M,_Iran_Air_Tours_JP6511800.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Tupolev_Tu-154M%2C_Iran_Air_Tours_JP6511800.jpg/300px-Tupolev_Tu-154M%2C_Iran_Air_Tours_JP6511800.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Tupolev_Tu-154M%2C_Iran_Air_Tours_JP6511800.jpg/450px-Tupolev_Tu-154M%2C_Iran_Air_Tours_JP6511800.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Tupolev_Tu-154M%2C_Iran_Air_Tours_JP6511800.jpg/600px-Tupolev_Tu-154M%2C_Iran_Air_Tours_JP6511800.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /></a></span> <div class="ib-aircraft-caption">An <a href="/wiki/Iran_Airtour" title="Iran Airtour">Iran Airtour</a> Tu-154</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">General information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Narrow-body_aircraft" title="Narrow-body aircraft">Narrow-body</a> <a href="/wiki/Jet_airliner" title="Jet airliner">jet airliner</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">National origin</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> and <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russian Federation</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Aerospace_manufacturer" title="Aerospace manufacturer">Manufacturer</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Aviakor" title="Aviakor">Aviakor</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Designer</th><td class="infobox-data"><div> <a href="/wiki/Tupolev" title="Tupolev">Tupolev Design Bureau</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data">In limited service</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Primary users</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Russian_Aerospace_Forces" title="Russian Aerospace Forces">Russian Aerospace Forces</a><div> <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_Air_Force" title="People's Liberation Army Air Force">People's Liberation Army Air Force</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Air_Koryo" title="Air Koryo">Air Koryo</a> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Number built</th><td class="infobox-data">1,026</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">History</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Manufactured</th><td class="infobox-data">1968–2013<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Introduction date</th><td class="infobox-data">7 February 1972 with <a href="/wiki/Aeroflot" title="Aeroflot">Aeroflot</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First flight</th><td class="infobox-data">4 October 1968<span class="noprint">; 56 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1968-10-04</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Variants</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-155" title="Tupolev Tu-155">Tupolev Tu-155</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Tupolev Tu-154</b> (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Tyполев Ту-154</span>; <a href="/wiki/NATO_reporting_name" title="NATO reporting name">NATO reporting name</a>: "<b>Careless</b>") is a <a href="/wiki/Trijet" title="Trijet">three-engined</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flight_length" title="Flight length">medium-range</a>, <a href="/wiki/Narrow-body_aircraft" title="Narrow-body aircraft">narrow-body</a> <a href="/wiki/Airliner" title="Airliner">airliner</a> designed in the mid-1960s and manufactured by <a href="/wiki/Tupolev" title="Tupolev">Tupolev</a>. A workhorse of <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet</a> and (subsequently) Russian airlines for several decades, it carried half of all passengers flown by <a href="/wiki/Aeroflot" title="Aeroflot">Aeroflot</a> and its subsidiaries (137.5 million/year or 243.8 billion passenger-km in 1990), remaining the standard domestic-route airliner of Russia and former Soviet states until the mid-2000s. It was exported to 17 non-Russian airlines and used as a head-of-state transport by the <a href="/wiki/Air_force" title="Air force">air forces</a> of several countries. </p><p>The aircraft has a cruising speed of 850 km/h (460 kn; 530 mph)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a range of 5,280 km (3,280 mi). Capable of operating from unpaved and gravel <a href="/wiki/Airfields" class="mw-redirect" title="Airfields">airfields</a> with only basic facilities, it was widely used in the extreme <a href="/wiki/Arctic" title="Arctic">Arctic</a> conditions of Russia's northern/eastern regions, where other airliners were unable to operate. Originally designed for a 45,000-hour service life (18,000 cycles), but capable of 80,000 hours with upgrades, it was expected to continue in service until 2016, although <a href="/wiki/Noise_regulation" title="Noise regulation">noise regulations</a> have restricted flights to Western Europe and other regions. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Development">Development</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_Tu-154&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tu154-aviakor.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Tu154-aviakor.jpg/220px-Tu154-aviakor.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Tu154-aviakor.jpg/330px-Tu154-aviakor.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Tu154-aviakor.jpg/440px-Tu154-aviakor.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="321" /></a><figcaption>Tu-154 for Russian Ministry of Defence Manufacturing, Aviakor plant, 2009, one of several airframes built in the 1990s and left unsold</figcaption></figure> <p>The Tu-154 was developed to meet Aeroflot's requirement to replace the <a href="/wiki/Turbojet" title="Turbojet">jet</a>-powered <a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-104" title="Tupolev Tu-104">Tu-104</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Antonov_An-10" title="Antonov An-10">Antonov An-10</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ilyushin_Il-18" title="Ilyushin Il-18">Ilyushin Il-18</a> <a href="/wiki/Turboprop" title="Turboprop">turboprops</a>. The requirements called for either a payload capacity of 16–18 t (35,000–40,000 lb) with a <a href="/wiki/Range_(aircraft)" class="mw-redirect" title="Range (aircraft)">range</a> of 2,850–4,000 km (1,540–2,160 nmi) while cruising at 900 km/h (490 kn), or a payload of 5.8 t (13,000 lb) with a range of 5,800–7,000 km (3,100–3,800 nmi) while cruising at 850 km/h (460 kn). A take-off distance of 2,600 m (8,500 ft) at <a href="/wiki/Maximum_takeoff_weight" title="Maximum takeoff weight">maximum takeoff weight</a> was also stipulated as a requirement. Conceptually similar to the British <a href="/wiki/Hawker_Siddeley_Trident" title="Hawker Siddeley Trident">Hawker Siddeley Trident</a>, which first flew in 1962, and the American <a href="/wiki/Boeing_727" title="Boeing 727">Boeing 727</a>, which first flew in 1963, the medium-range Tu-154 was marketed by Tupolev at the same time as Ilyushin was marketing its long-range <a href="/wiki/Ilyushin_Il-62" title="Ilyushin Il-62">Ilyushin Il-62</a>. The Soviet Ministry of Aircraft Industry chose the Tu-154, as it incorporated the latest in Soviet aircraft design and best met Aeroflot's anticipated requirements for the 1970s and 1980s.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first project chief was <a href="/wiki/Sergey_Yeger" class="mw-redirect" title="Sergey Yeger">Sergey Yeger</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80,_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" class="extiw" title="ru:Егер, Сергей Михайлович">ru</a>]</span>; in 1964, <a href="/wiki/Dmitryi_S._Markov" class="mw-redirect" title="Dmitryi S. Markov">Dmitryi S. Markov</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%94%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87_(%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80)" class="extiw" title="ru:Марков, Дмитрий Сергеевич (авиаконструктор)">ru</a>]</span> assumed that position. In 1975, the project lead role was turned over to <a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_S._Shengardt" class="mw-redirect" title="Aleksandr S. Shengardt">Aleksandr S. Shengardt</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%82,_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" class="extiw" title="ru:Шенгардт, Александр Сергеевич">ru</a>]</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Tu-154 <a href="/wiki/Maiden_flight" title="Maiden flight">first flew</a> on 4 October 1968. The first deliveries to Aeroflot were in 1970 with freight (mail) services beginning in May 1971 and passenger services in February 1972. Limited production of the 154M model was still occurring as of January 2009, despite previous announcements of the end of production in 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In total, 1025 Tu-154s have been built, 214 of which were still in service as of 14 December 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-built_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-built-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The last serial Tu-154 was delivered to the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Defense_Ministry" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Defense Ministry">Russian Defense Ministry</a> on 19 February 2013<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> from the Aviakor factory, equipped with upgraded avionics, a VIP interior, and a communications suite. The factory has four unfinished airframes in its inventory, which can be completed if new orders are received.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Design">Design</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_Tu-154&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Design"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Tupolev_Tu-154" title="Special:EditPage/Tupolev Tu-154">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2014</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Palair_Macedonian_Tupolev_Tu-154B-1_Wallner.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Palair_Macedonian_Tupolev_Tu-154B-1_Wallner.jpg/220px-Palair_Macedonian_Tupolev_Tu-154B-1_Wallner.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Palair_Macedonian_Tupolev_Tu-154B-1_Wallner.jpg/330px-Palair_Macedonian_Tupolev_Tu-154B-1_Wallner.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Palair_Macedonian_Tupolev_Tu-154B-1_Wallner.jpg/440px-Palair_Macedonian_Tupolev_Tu-154B-1_Wallner.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1023" data-file-height="679" /></a><figcaption>Tupolev Tu-154B-1 of <a href="/wiki/Palair_Macedonian" class="mw-redirect" title="Palair Macedonian">Palair Macedonian</a> at Zurich Airport in 1992</figcaption></figure> <p>The Tu-154 is powered by three rear-mounted, <a href="/wiki/Low-bypass_turbofan" class="mw-redirect" title="Low-bypass turbofan">low-bypass turbofan</a> engines arranged similarly to those of the <a href="/wiki/Boeing_727" title="Boeing 727">Boeing 727</a>, but it is slightly larger than its American counterpart. Both the 727 and the Tu-154 use an <a href="/wiki/S-duct" title="S-duct">S-duct</a> for the middle (number-two) engine. The original model was equipped with <a href="/wiki/Kuznetsov_Design_Bureau" title="Kuznetsov Design Bureau">Kuznetsov</a> <a href="/wiki/Kuznetsov_NK-8" title="Kuznetsov NK-8">NK-8-2</a> engines, which were replaced with <a href="/wiki/Soloviev_Design_Bureau" class="mw-redirect" title="Soloviev Design Bureau">Soloviev</a> <a href="/wiki/Soloviev_D-30" title="Soloviev D-30">D-30KU-154s</a> in the Tu-154M. All Tu-154 aircraft models have a relatively high <a href="/wiki/Thrust-to-weight_ratio" title="Thrust-to-weight ratio">thrust-to-weight ratio</a>, giving the type excellent performance, though at the expense of lower <a href="/wiki/Fuel_efficiency" title="Fuel efficiency">fuel efficiency</a>. This became an important factor in later decades as fuel costs grew.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TU-154m._Cockpit._(3926436610).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/TU-154m._Cockpit._%283926436610%29.jpg/220px-TU-154m._Cockpit._%283926436610%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/TU-154m._Cockpit._%283926436610%29.jpg/330px-TU-154m._Cockpit._%283926436610%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/TU-154m._Cockpit._%283926436610%29.jpg/440px-TU-154m._Cockpit._%283926436610%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="824" /></a><figcaption>The cockpit of the Tupolev Tu-154</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Cockpit" title="Cockpit">cockpit</a> is fitted with conventional dual <a href="/wiki/Yoke_(aircraft)" class="mw-redirect" title="Yoke (aircraft)">yoke control columns</a>. Flight control surfaces are hydraulically operated. </p><p>The cabin of the Tu-154, although of the same six-abreast seating layout, gives the impression of an oval interior, with a lower ceiling than is common on <a href="/wiki/Boeing" title="Boeing">Boeing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Airbus" title="Airbus">Airbus</a> airliners. The passenger cabin accommodates 128 passengers in a two-class layout and 164 passengers in single-class layout, and up to 180 passengers in high-density layout. The layout can be modified to a winter version where some seats are taken out and a wardrobe is installed for passenger coats. The passenger doors are smaller than on its Boeing and Airbus counterparts. Luggage space in the overhead compartments is very limited. </p><p>Like the <a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-134" title="Tupolev Tu-134">Tupolev Tu-134</a>, the Tu-154 has a wing <a href="/wiki/Swept_wing" title="Swept wing">swept back</a> at 35° at the quarter-<a href="/wiki/Chord_(aircraft)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chord (aircraft)">chord</a> line. The British <a href="/wiki/Hawker_Siddeley_Trident" title="Hawker Siddeley Trident">Hawker Siddeley Trident</a> has the same sweepback angle, while the Boeing 727 has a slightly smaller sweepback angle of 32°. The wing also has <a href="/wiki/Dihedral_(aircraft)#Anhedral" class="mw-redirect" title="Dihedral (aircraft)">anhedral</a> (downward sweep) which is a distinguishing feature of Russian low-wing airliners designed during this era. Most Western low-wing airliners such as the contemporary Boeing 727 have <a href="/wiki/Dihedral_(aircraft)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dihedral (aircraft)">dihedral</a> (upward sweep). The anhedral means that Russian airliners have poor lateral stability compared to their Western counterparts, but also are more resistant to <a href="/wiki/Dutch_roll" title="Dutch roll">Dutch roll</a> tendencies. </p><p>Considerably heavier than its predecessor Soviet-built airliner, the <a href="/wiki/Ilyushin_Il-18" title="Ilyushin Il-18">Ilyushin Il-18</a>, the Tu-154 was equipped with an oversized <a href="/wiki/Landing_gear" title="Landing gear">landing gear</a> to reduce ground load, enabling it to operate from the same runways. The aircraft has two six-wheel main <a href="/wiki/Bogie#Bogie_(aircraft)" title="Bogie">bogies</a> fitted with large, low-pressure tires that retract into pods extending from the <a href="/wiki/Trailing_edge" title="Trailing edge">trailing edges</a> of the wings (a common Tupolev feature), plus a two-wheel nose gear unit. Soft oleo struts (<a href="/wiki/Shock_absorbers" class="mw-redirect" title="Shock absorbers">shock absorbers</a>) provide a much smoother ride on bumpy airfields than most airliners, which very rarely operate on such poor surfaces. </p><p>The original requirement was to have a three-person <a href="/wiki/Aircrew" title="Aircrew">flight crew</a> – <a href="/wiki/Captain_(land)" class="mw-redirect" title="Captain (land)">captain</a>, <a href="/wiki/First_Officer_(civil_aviation)" class="mw-redirect" title="First Officer (civil aviation)">first officer</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Flight_engineer" title="Flight engineer">flight engineer</a> – as opposed to a four- or five-person crew, as on other Soviet airliners. A fourth crew member, a <a href="/wiki/Navigator" title="Navigator">navigator</a>, was soon found to be still needed, and a seat was added on production aircraft, although that workstation was compromised due to the limitations of the original design. Navigators are no longer trained, and this profession is becoming obsolete with the retirement of the oldest Soviet-era planes. </p><p>The latest variant (Tu-154M-100, introduced 1998) includes an NVU-B3 <a href="/wiki/Doppler_radar" title="Doppler radar">Doppler</a> navigation system, a triple <a href="/wiki/Autopilot" title="Autopilot">autopilot</a>, which provides an automatic ILS approach according to <a href="/wiki/ICAO" class="mw-redirect" title="ICAO">ICAO</a> category II weather minima, an <a href="/wiki/Autothrottle" title="Autothrottle">autothrottle</a>, a Doppler drift and speed measure system, and a "Kurs-MP" radio navigation suite.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> A stability and control augmentation system improves handling characteristics during manual flight. Modern upgrades normally include modernised <a href="/wiki/TCAS" class="mw-redirect" title="TCAS">TCAS</a>, <a href="/wiki/GPS" class="mw-redirect" title="GPS">GPS</a>, and other systems (mostly American- or EU-made). </p><p>Early versions of the Tu-154 cannot be modified to meet the current Stage III <a href="/wiki/Noise_regulation" title="Noise regulation">noise regulations</a>, so are no longer allowed to fly into airspace where such regulations are enforced, such as the European Union, but the Tu-154M's D-30 engines can be fitted with <a href="/wiki/Hush_kit" title="Hush kit">hush kits</a>, allowing them to meet noise regulations. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Variants">Variants</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_Tu-154&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Variants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RIAN_archive_498003_TU154_serial_passenger_aircraft_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/RIAN_archive_498003_TU154_serial_passenger_aircraft_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-RIAN_archive_498003_TU154_serial_passenger_aircraft_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/RIAN_archive_498003_TU154_serial_passenger_aircraft_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-RIAN_archive_498003_TU154_serial_passenger_aircraft_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/RIAN_archive_498003_TU154_serial_passenger_aircraft_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-RIAN_archive_498003_TU154_serial_passenger_aircraft_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Aeroflot" title="Aeroflot">Aeroflot</a> Tu-154 over the <a href="/wiki/Volga_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Volga River">Volga River</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tupolev_Tu-154B-1,_Tarom_AN0193531.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Tupolev_Tu-154B-1%2C_Tarom_AN0193531.jpg/220px-Tupolev_Tu-154B-1%2C_Tarom_AN0193531.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Tupolev_Tu-154B-1%2C_Tarom_AN0193531.jpg/330px-Tupolev_Tu-154B-1%2C_Tarom_AN0193531.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Tupolev_Tu-154B-1%2C_Tarom_AN0193531.jpg/440px-Tupolev_Tu-154B-1%2C_Tarom_AN0193531.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="718" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/TAROM" title="TAROM">TAROM</a> Tu-154B-1</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chernomor-Avia_Tupolev_Tu-154B-2_Pashnin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Chernomor-Avia_Tupolev_Tu-154B-2_Pashnin.jpg/220px-Chernomor-Avia_Tupolev_Tu-154B-2_Pashnin.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Chernomor-Avia_Tupolev_Tu-154B-2_Pashnin.jpg/330px-Chernomor-Avia_Tupolev_Tu-154B-2_Pashnin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Chernomor-Avia_Tupolev_Tu-154B-2_Pashnin.jpg/440px-Chernomor-Avia_Tupolev_Tu-154B-2_Pashnin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="789" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Chernomor-Avia" title="Chernomor-Avia">Chernomor-Avia</a> Tu-154B-2</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cubana_Tupolev_Tu-154B-2_Regis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Cubana_Tupolev_Tu-154B-2_Regis.jpg/220px-Cubana_Tupolev_Tu-154B-2_Regis.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Cubana_Tupolev_Tu-154B-2_Regis.jpg/330px-Cubana_Tupolev_Tu-154B-2_Regis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Cubana_Tupolev_Tu-154B-2_Regis.jpg/440px-Cubana_Tupolev_Tu-154B-2_Regis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="777" /></a><figcaption>Tu-154B-2 of <a href="/wiki/Cubana_de_Aviaci%C3%B3n" title="Cubana de Aviación">Cubana</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tupolev_Tu-154M,_Uzbekistan_Airways_JP6144356.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Tupolev_Tu-154M%2C_Uzbekistan_Airways_JP6144356.jpg/220px-Tupolev_Tu-154M%2C_Uzbekistan_Airways_JP6144356.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Tupolev_Tu-154M%2C_Uzbekistan_Airways_JP6144356.jpg/330px-Tupolev_Tu-154M%2C_Uzbekistan_Airways_JP6144356.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Tupolev_Tu-154M%2C_Uzbekistan_Airways_JP6144356.jpg/440px-Tupolev_Tu-154M%2C_Uzbekistan_Airways_JP6144356.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan_Airways" title="Uzbekistan Airways">Uzbekistan Airways</a> Tu-154M</figcaption></figure> <p>Many variants of this airliner have been built. Like its Western counterpart, the Boeing 727, many of the Tu-154s in service have been hush-kitted, and some converted to freighters. </p> <dl><dt>Tu-154</dt> <dd>Tu-154 production started in 1970, and the first passenger flight was performed on 9 February 1972. Powered by <a href="/wiki/Kuznetsov_Design_Bureau" title="Kuznetsov Design Bureau">Kuznetsov</a> NK-8-2 turbofans, it carried 164 passengers. About 42 were built.</dd></dl> <dl><dt>Tu-154A</dt> <dd>The first upgraded version of the original Tu-154, the A model, in production since 1974, added center-section fuel tanks and more emergency exits, while engines were upgraded to higher-thrust Kuznetsov NK-8-2U. Other upgrades include automatic flaps/slats and stabilizer controls and modified avionics. Max. takeoff weight – 94,000 kg (207,000 lb). There were 15 different interior layouts for the different domestic and international customers, seating between 144 and 152 passengers. To discern the A model from the base model note the spike at the junction of the fin and tail. This is a fat bullet on the A model, and a slender spike on the base model.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Tu-154B</dt> <dd>As the original Tu-154 and Tu-154A suffered wing cracks after a few years in service, a version with a new, stronger wing, designated Tu-154B, went into production in 1975. It also had an additional fuselage fuel tank, additional emergency exits in the tail. Also, the maximum takeoff weight increased to 98,000 kg (216,000 lb). Important to Aeroflot was the increased passenger capacity, hence lower operating costs. With the NK-8-2U engines the only way to improve the economics of the airplane was to spread costs across more seats.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Autopilot" title="Autopilot">autopilot</a> was certified for ICAO Category II automatic approaches. Most previously built Tu-154 and Tu-154A were also modified into this variant, with the replacement of the wing. Maximum takeoff weight increased to 96,000 kg (212,000 lb). 111 were built.</dd></dl> <dl><dt>Tu-154B-1</dt> <dd>Aeroflot wanted this version for increased revenue on domestic routes. It carried 160 passengers. This version also had some minor modifications to the fuel system, avionics, air conditioning, and landing gear. 64 were built from 1977 to 1978.</dd></dl> <dl><dt>Tu-154B-2</dt> <dd>A minor modernization of Tu-154B-1. The airplane was designed to be converted from the 160 passenger version to a 180 passenger version by removing the galley.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The procedure took about <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac">2<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> hours. Some of the earlier Tu-154Bs were modified to that standard. Maximum takeoff weight increased to 98,000 kg (216,000 lb), later to 100,000 kg (220,000 lb). Some 311 aircraft were built, including VIP versions. A few remain in service.</dd></dl> <dl><dt>Tu-154S</dt> <dd>The Tu-154S is an all-cargo or freighter version of the Tu-154B, using a strengthened floor, and adding a forward cargo door on the port side of the fuselage. The aircraft could carry nine Soviet PAV-3 pallets. Maximum payload – 20,000 kg (44,000 lb). There were plans for 20 aircraft, but only nine were converted, two from Tu-154 models and seven from Tu-154B models. Trials were held in the early 1980s and the aircraft was authorized regular operations in 1984. By 1997 all had been retired.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Tu-154M</dt> <dd>The Tu-154M and Tu-154M Lux are the most highly upgraded versions, which first flew in 1982 and entered mass production in 1984. It uses more fuel-efficient <a href="/wiki/Soloviev_D-30" title="Soloviev D-30">Soloviev D-30</a>KU-154 turbofans. Together with significant aerodynamic refinement, this led to much lower fuel consumption hence longer range, as well as lower operating costs. The aircraft has new double-slotted (instead of triple-slotted) flaps, with an extra 36-degree position (in addition to existing 15, 28 and 45-degree positions on older versions), which allows reduction of noise on approach. It also has a relocated <a href="/wiki/Auxiliary_power_unit" title="Auxiliary power unit">auxiliary power unit</a> and numerous other improvements. Maximum takeoff weight increased first to 100,000 kg (220,000 lb), then to 102,000 kg (225,000 lb). Some aircraft are certified to 104,000 kg (229,000 lb). About 320 were manufactured. Mass production ended in 2006, though limited manufacturing continued as of January 2009. No new airframes have been built since the early 1990s, and production since then involved assembling aircraft from components on hand.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chinese <b>Tu-154MD</b> electronic intelligence aircraft carry a large-size <a href="/wiki/Synthetic-aperture_radar" title="Synthetic-aperture radar">synthetic-aperture radar</a> (SAR) under their mainframe.<sup id="cite_ref-AirForceWorld.com_tu154md_electronic_intelligence_aircraft_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AirForceWorld.com_tu154md_electronic_intelligence_aircraft-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Tu-154M-LK-1</dt> <dd>Cosmonaut trainer. This was a salon VIP aircraft modified to train <a href="/wiki/Cosmonauts" class="mw-redirect" title="Cosmonauts">cosmonauts</a> to fly the <a href="/wiki/Buran_(spacecraft)" title="Buran (spacecraft)">Buran</a> reusable spacecraft, the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet</a> equivalent of the US <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle" title="Space Shuttle">Space Shuttle</a>. The Tu-154 was used because the Buran required a steep descent, which the Tu-154 was capable of replicating. The cabin featured trainee workstations, one of which was identical to the Buran's flightdeck. The forward baggage compartment was converted into a camera bay, as the aircraft was used to train cosmonauts in observation and photographic techniques.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Tu-154M-ON monitoring aircraft</dt> <dd>Germany modified one of the Tu-154s it inherited from the former <a href="/wiki/East_Germany" title="East Germany">East German</a> Air Force into an observation airplane. This aircraft was involved with the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_on_Open_Skies" title="Treaty on Open Skies">Open Skies</a> inspection flights. It was converted at the <a href="/wiki/EADS_EFW" class="mw-redirect" title="EADS EFW">Elbe Aircraft Plant (Elbe Flugzeugwerke)</a> in <a href="/wiki/Dresden" title="Dresden">Dresden</a>, and flew in 1996. After 24 monitoring missions, it was lost in <a href="/wiki/1997_Namibia_mid-air_collision" title="1997 Namibia mid-air collision">a mid-air collision</a> in 1997.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <dl><dd>The Russians also converted a Tu-154M to serve as an <a href="/wiki/Treaty_on_Open_Skies" title="Treaty on Open Skies">Open Skies</a> monitoring aircraft. They used the Tu-154M-LK-1, and converted it to a Tu-154M-ON. When not flying over North America, it is used to ferry cosmonauts. China is believed <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag may use weasel words or too-vague attribution. (December 2016)">according to whom?</span></a></i>]</sup> to have converted one Tu-154 to an <a href="/wiki/Electronic_countermeasures" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronic countermeasures">electronic countermeasures</a> aircraft.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Tu-154M-100</dt> <dd>Design of this variant started in 1994, but the first aircraft were not delivered until 1998. It is an upgraded version with Western avionics, including the <a href="/wiki/Flight_Management_Computer" class="mw-redirect" title="Flight Management Computer">Flight Management Computer</a>, <a href="/wiki/GPS" class="mw-redirect" title="GPS">GPS</a>, <a href="/wiki/EGPWS" class="mw-redirect" title="EGPWS">EGPWS</a>, <a href="/wiki/TCAS" class="mw-redirect" title="TCAS">TCAS</a>, and other modern systems. The airplane could carry up to 157 passengers. The cabin featured an automatic oxygen system and larger overhead bins. Three were produced, as payment of debts owed by Russia to <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a>. Three aircraft were delivered in 1998 to <a href="/wiki/Slovak_Airlines" title="Slovak Airlines">Slovak Airlines</a>, and sold back to Russia in 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-155" title="Tupolev Tu-155">Tu-155</a></dt> <dd>A Tu-154 converted into a testbed for alternative fuels. It first flew in 1988 and was used until the fall of the Soviet Union, when it was placed in storage.</dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-156" class="mw-redirect" title="Tupolev Tu-156">Tu-156</a></dt> <dd>Proposed conversions of three Tu-154s with <a href="/wiki/Kuznetsov_NK-89" title="Kuznetsov NK-89">Kuznetsov NK-89</a> turbofans running on <a href="/wiki/Liquid_natural_gas" class="mw-redirect" title="Liquid natural gas">liquid natural gas</a>. Not proceeded with.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Tu-164</dt> <dd>Initial designation of the Tu-154M.</dd></dl> <dl><dt>Tu-174</dt> <dd>Proposed stretched version of Tu-154.</dd></dl> <dl><dt>Tu-194</dt> <dd>Proposed shortened version of Tu-154.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operators">Operators</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_Tu-154&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Operators"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Current_operators">Current operators</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_Tu-154&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Current operators"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Air_Koryo,_Tupolev_Tu-154B,_P-552.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Air_Koryo%2C_Tupolev_Tu-154B%2C_P-552.jpg/220px-Air_Koryo%2C_Tupolev_Tu-154B%2C_P-552.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Air_Koryo%2C_Tupolev_Tu-154B%2C_P-552.jpg/330px-Air_Koryo%2C_Tupolev_Tu-154B%2C_P-552.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Air_Koryo%2C_Tupolev_Tu-154B%2C_P-552.jpg/440px-Air_Koryo%2C_Tupolev_Tu-154B%2C_P-552.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="842" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Air_Koryo" title="Air Koryo">Air Koryo</a> Tu-154B</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Russian_Air_Force_Tupolev_Tu-154M_Naumenko.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Russian_Air_Force_Tupolev_Tu-154M_Naumenko.jpg/220px-Russian_Air_Force_Tupolev_Tu-154M_Naumenko.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Russian_Air_Force_Tupolev_Tu-154M_Naumenko.jpg/330px-Russian_Air_Force_Tupolev_Tu-154M_Naumenko.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Russian_Air_Force_Tupolev_Tu-154M_Naumenko.jpg/440px-Russian_Air_Force_Tupolev_Tu-154M_Naumenko.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="853" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Russian_Air_Force" title="Russian Air Force">Russian Air Force</a> Tu-154B-2</figcaption></figure> <p>As of August 2017, there were 44 Tupolev Tu-154 aircraft of all variants still in civil, governmental or military service.<sup id="cite_ref-russianplanes_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-russianplanes-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The date of the event predicted near this tag has passed. (December 2022)">needs update</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>A 45th aircraft has been sighted flying with <a href="/wiki/Air_Kyrgyzstan" title="Air Kyrgyzstan">Air Kyrgyzstan</a> in 2017,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but is not listed by the airline as part of its fleet.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>A 46th aircraft, a Polish Tu-154 with operational number 102, is currently in storage at the military airport in <a href="/wiki/Mi%C5%84sk_Mazowiecki" title="Mińsk Mazowiecki">Mińsk Mazowiecki</a>. It was operated by <a href="/wiki/36th_Special_Aviation_Regiment" title="36th Special Aviation Regiment">36th Special Aviation Regiment</a>, but after the <a href="/wiki/2010_Polish_Air_Force_Tu-154_crash" class="mw-redirect" title="2010 Polish Air Force Tu-154 crash">2010 Polish Air Force Tu-154 crash</a> of the Tu-154 101, the Regiment has been disbanded and the plane was grounded. It was fully operational, but the government decided not to use or sell it until the investigation into the Smoleńsk crash is finished. As of June 2021 the aircraft is not flying, and it is unlikely to come back into service, since the government operates a fleet of brand-new, more fuel-efficient jets like the <a href="/wiki/Gulfstream_G550" title="Gulfstream G550">Gulfstream G550</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Boeing_737_NG" class="mw-redirect" title="Boeing 737 NG">Boeing 737 NG</a>. In 2020 it was revealed by the investigation team, led by <a href="/wiki/Antoni_Macierewicz" title="Antoni Macierewicz">Antoni Macierewicz</a>, that the aircraft was structurally damaged. The access to the aircraft was restricted by the general prosecutor, and entering its hangar requires a special permission.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>As of June 2015, the remaining operators are:<sup id="cite_ref-ch-aviation_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ch-aviation-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The date of the event predicted near this tag has passed. (December 2022)">needs update</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Airline</th> <th>In service</th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td>Last passenger operator worldwide.<sup id="cite_ref-russianplanes_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-russianplanes-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan"><img alt="Kazakhstan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_the_Republic_of_Kazakhstan" title="Armed Forces of the Republic of Kazakhstan">Armed Forces of the Republic of Kazakhstan</a></td> <td>1 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Federal_Security_Service" title="Federal Security Service">Federal Security Service</a></td> <td>2 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan"><img alt="Kyrgyzstan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Kyrgyzstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Kyrgyzstan">Government of Kyrgyzstan</a> </td> <td>1 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Gromov_Flight_Research_Institute" title="Gromov Flight Research Institute">Gromov Flight Research Institute</a></td> <td>1 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_Air_Force" title="People's Liberation Army Air Force">People's Liberation Army Air Force</a></td> <td>12<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>6 of them are <a href="/wiki/ELINT" class="mw-redirect" title="ELINT">ELINT</a> versions with <a href="/wiki/Synthetic-aperture_radar" title="Synthetic-aperture radar">synthetic-aperture radar</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Russian_Aerospace_Forces" title="Russian Aerospace Forces">Russian Aerospace Forces</a></td> <td>16 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Russian_Ministry_of_Internal_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs">Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs</a></td> <td>4 </td> <td>operated for the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Russia" title="Government of Russia">Government of Russia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Russian_Navy" title="Russian Navy">Russian Navy</a></td> <td>2 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Chaplygin_Siberian_Scientific_Research_Institute_Of_Aviation" title="Chaplygin Siberian Scientific Research Institute Of Aviation">Chaplygin Siberian Scientific Research Institute Of Aviation</a> </td> <td>1 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Yuri_Gagarin_Cosmonaut_Training_Center" title="Yuri Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center">Yuri Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center</a></td> <td>1 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Total:</b></td> <td><b>41</b> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Operational_history">Operational history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_Tu-154&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Operational history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In January 2010 Russian <a href="/wiki/Flag_carrier" title="Flag carrier">flag carrier</a> <a href="/wiki/Aeroflot" title="Aeroflot">Aeroflot</a> announced the retirement of its Tu-154 fleet after 40 years, with the last scheduled flight being Aeroflot Flight 736 from <a href="/wiki/Yekaterinburg" title="Yekaterinburg">Yekaterinburg</a> to <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a> on 31 December 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In December 2010, <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan_Airways" title="Uzbekistan Airways">Uzbekistan Airways</a> also declared that it was retiring its Tu-154s.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In February 2011, all remaining <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iranian</a> Tu-154s were grounded after two incidents.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NYT1_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT1-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 27 December 2016, the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Ministry_of_Defence" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Ministry of Defence">Russian Ministry of Defence</a> announced that it had grounded all of its Tu-154s until the end of the investigation into the <a href="/wiki/2016_Russian_Defence_Ministry_Tupolev_Tu-154_crash" title="2016 Russian Defence Ministry Tupolev Tu-154 crash">December 2016 crash</a> of a 1983 Tupolev Tu-154.<sup id="cite_ref-rte.ie_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rte.ie-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was followed by the grounding of all Tu-154s in Russia.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Tu-154 had crashed into the <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a> just after takeoff from <a href="/wiki/Sochi" title="Sochi">Sochi</a>, Russia, on 25 December 2016 killing all 92 people on board, including 64 members of the <a href="/wiki/Alexandrov_Ensemble" title="Alexandrov Ensemble">Alexandrov Ensemble</a>, an official army choir of the <a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_the_Russian_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="Armed Forces of the Russian Federation">Russian Armed Forces</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 2020 <a href="/wiki/ALROSA_(airline)" class="mw-redirect" title="ALROSA (airline)">ALROSA</a>, the last Russian passenger airline to operate this aircraft, retired its last remaining Tu-154.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Former_operators">Former operators</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_Tu-154&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Former operators"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tupolev_Tu-154M,_Aeroflot_-_Russian_Airlines_AN1587220.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Tupolev_Tu-154M%2C_Aeroflot_-_Russian_Airlines_AN1587220.jpg/220px-Tupolev_Tu-154M%2C_Aeroflot_-_Russian_Airlines_AN1587220.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Tupolev_Tu-154M%2C_Aeroflot_-_Russian_Airlines_AN1587220.jpg/330px-Tupolev_Tu-154M%2C_Aeroflot_-_Russian_Airlines_AN1587220.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Tupolev_Tu-154M%2C_Aeroflot_-_Russian_Airlines_AN1587220.jpg/440px-Tupolev_Tu-154M%2C_Aeroflot_-_Russian_Airlines_AN1587220.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Aeroflot" title="Aeroflot">Aeroflot</a> Tu-154M</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Belavia_Tupolev_Tu-154M_Bidini-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Belavia_Tupolev_Tu-154M_Bidini-1.jpg/220px-Belavia_Tupolev_Tu-154M_Bidini-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Belavia_Tupolev_Tu-154M_Bidini-1.jpg/330px-Belavia_Tupolev_Tu-154M_Bidini-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Belavia_Tupolev_Tu-154M_Bidini-1.jpg/440px-Belavia_Tupolev_Tu-154M_Bidini-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="819" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Belavia" title="Belavia">Belavia</a> Tu-154M</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tupolev_Tu-154M,_Bulgarian_Air_Charter_(Airlines_400)_AN1137003.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Tupolev_Tu-154M%2C_Bulgarian_Air_Charter_%28Airlines_400%29_AN1137003.jpg/220px-Tupolev_Tu-154M%2C_Bulgarian_Air_Charter_%28Airlines_400%29_AN1137003.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Tupolev_Tu-154M%2C_Bulgarian_Air_Charter_%28Airlines_400%29_AN1137003.jpg/330px-Tupolev_Tu-154M%2C_Bulgarian_Air_Charter_%28Airlines_400%29_AN1137003.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Tupolev_Tu-154M%2C_Bulgarian_Air_Charter_%28Airlines_400%29_AN1137003.jpg/440px-Tupolev_Tu-154M%2C_Bulgarian_Air_Charter_%28Airlines_400%29_AN1137003.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Air_Charter" class="mw-redirect" title="Bulgarian Air Charter">Bulgarian Air Charter</a> Tu-154M</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Polish_Air_Force_Tupolev_Tu-154_Dmitry_Karpezo-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Polish_Air_Force_Tupolev_Tu-154_Dmitry_Karpezo-2.jpg/220px-Polish_Air_Force_Tupolev_Tu-154_Dmitry_Karpezo-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Polish_Air_Force_Tupolev_Tu-154_Dmitry_Karpezo-2.jpg/330px-Polish_Air_Force_Tupolev_Tu-154_Dmitry_Karpezo-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Polish_Air_Force_Tupolev_Tu-154_Dmitry_Karpezo-2.jpg/440px-Polish_Air_Force_Tupolev_Tu-154_Dmitry_Karpezo-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1354" data-file-height="839" /></a><figcaption>Polish military <a href="/wiki/Very_Important_Person" class="mw-redirect" title="Very Important Person">VIP</a> transport Tu-154M Lux aircraft from the dissolved 36th Special Air Transport Regiment. This one <a href="/wiki/2010_Polish_Air_Force_Tu-154_crash" class="mw-redirect" title="2010 Polish Air Force Tu-154 crash">crashed</a> in heavy fog at <a href="/wiki/Smolensk_North_Airport" title="Smolensk North Airport">Smolensk North Airport</a> on 10 April 2010, killing all occupants, including the Polish President</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Former_civil_operators">Former civil operators</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_Tu-154&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Former civil operators"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Tupolev_Tu-154" title="Special:EditPage/Tupolev Tu-154">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2008</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 15em;"> <dl><dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan"><img alt="Afghanistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ariana_Afghan_Airlines" title="Ariana Afghan Airlines">Ariana Afghan Airlines</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/21px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/32px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/42px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Airlines" title="Albanian Airlines">Albanian Airlines</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 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title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_Airlines" title="Azerbaijan Airlines">Azerbaijan Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imair_Airlines" title="Imair Airlines">Imair Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turan_Air" title="Turan Air">Turan Air</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/46px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belavia" title="Belavia">Belavia</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B%26H_Airlines" title="B&H Airlines">B&H Airlines</a><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <dl><dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_Via" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Via">Air Via</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balkan_Bulgarian_Airlines" title="Balkan Bulgarian Airlines">Balkan Bulgarian Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BH_Air" title="BH Air">BH Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Air_Charter" class="mw-redirect" title="Bulgarian Air Charter">Bulgarian Air Charter</a></li> <li>Government of Bulgaria</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemus_Air" title="Hemus Air">Hemus Air</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">People's Republic of China</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CAAC_Airlines" class="mw-redirect" title="CAAC Airlines">CAAC Airlines</a></li> <li><a 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Aviación">Cubana</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CSA_Czech_Airlines" class="mw-redirect" title="CSA Czech Airlines">CSA Czech Airlines</a></li> <li>Government of Czech Republic</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smartwings" title="Smartwings">Smartwings</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CSA_Czechoslovak_Airlines" class="mw-redirect" title="CSA Czechoslovak Airlines">CSA Czechoslovak Airlines</a></li> <li>Government of Czechoslovakia</li></ul> <dl><dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Djibouti.svg/23px-Flag_of_Djibouti.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Djibouti.svg/35px-Flag_of_Djibouti.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Djibouti.svg/45px-Flag_of_Djibouti.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti">Djibouti</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daallo_Airlines" title="Daallo Airlines">Daallo Airlines</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EgyptAir" class="mw-redirect" title="EgyptAir">EgyptAir</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ELK_Airways" title="ELK Airways">ELK Airways</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_Georgia" title="Air Georgia">Air Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transair_Georgia" title="Transair Georgia">Transair Georgia</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stuttgart_Airport" title="Stuttgart Airport">Stuttgart Airport Authority</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malev_Hungarian_Airlines" class="mw-redirect" title="Malev Hungarian Airlines">Malev Hungarian Airlines</a></li> <li>Pannon Airlines</li></ul> <dl><dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a></dt></dl> <ul><li>Bon Air</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caspian_Airlines" title="Caspian Airlines">Caspian Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran_Aircraft_Manufacturing_Industrial_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Iran Aircraft Manufacturing Industrial Company">HESA</a> (Operating Armita Labs that are Tu-154 converted to flying laboratories)<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran_Air_Tours" class="mw-redirect" title="Iran Air Tours">Iran Air Tours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kish_Air" title="Kish Air">Kish Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahan_Air" title="Mahan Air">Mahan Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taban_Air" title="Taban Air">Taban Air</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_Kazakhstan" title="Air Kazakhstan">Air Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aeroservice_Kazakhstan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aeroservice Kazakhstan (page does not exist)">Aeroservice Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atyrau_Airways" title="Atyrau Airways">Atyrau Airways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan_Airlines" title="Kazakhstan Airlines">Kazakhstan Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayakhat_Airlines" title="Sayakhat Airlines">Sayakhat Airlines</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_Manas" title="Air Manas">Air Manas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan_Airlines" title="Kyrgyzstan Airlines">Kyrgyzstan Airlines</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/23px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/35px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/46px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_Arab_Airlines" class="mw-redirect" title="Libyan Arab Airlines">Libyan Arab Airlines</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avioimpex" title="Avioimpex">Avioimpex</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Macedonian_Air_Service&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Macedonian Air Service (page does not exist)">Macedonian Air Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MAT_Macedonian_Airlines" title="MAT Macedonian Airlines">MAT Macedonian Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palair_Macedonian" class="mw-redirect" title="Palair Macedonian">Palair Macedonian</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/23px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/35px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/46px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="900" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aerocom" title="Aerocom">Aerocom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Moldova" title="Air Moldova">Air Moldova</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Mongolia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mongolia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Mongolia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mongolia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Mongolia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mongolia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MIAT_Mongolian_Airlines" title="MIAT Mongolian Airlines">MIAT Mongolian Airlines</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aeronica" title="Aeronica">Aeronica</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_International_Airlines" title="Pakistan International Airlines">Pakistan International Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaheen_Air" title="Shaheen Air">Shaheen Air</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LOT_Polish_Airlines" title="LOT Polish Airlines">LOT Polish Airlines</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></dt></dl> <ul><li>Government of Romania</li> <li><a href="/wiki/TAROM" title="TAROM">TAROM</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abakan-Avia" class="mw-redirect" title="Abakan-Avia">Abakan-Avia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aeroflot" title="Aeroflot">Aeroflot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aero_Rent" title="Aero Rent">Aero Rent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airlines_400" class="mw-redirect" title="Airlines 400">Airlines 400</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ALAK_(airline)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ALAK (airline) (page does not exist)">ALAK (airline)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ALROSA_(airline)" class="mw-redirect" title="ALROSA (airline)">ALROSA (airline)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aviaenergo" title="Aviaenergo">Aviaenergo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avial_(airline)" class="mw-redirect" title="Avial (airline)">Avial (airline)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aviaprad" title="Aviaprad">Aviaprad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baikal_Airlines" title="Baikal Airlines">Baikal Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BAL_Bashkirian_Airlines" title="BAL Bashkirian Airlines">BAL Bashkirian Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bural" title="Bural">Bural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chernomor_Avia" class="mw-redirect" title="Chernomor Avia">Chernomor Avia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Airways" title="Continental Airways">Continental Airways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalavia" title="Dalavia">Dalavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donavia" title="Donavia">Donavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enkor" title="Enkor">Enkor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gazpromavia" title="Gazpromavia">Gazpromavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jet-2000" title="Jet-2000">Jet-2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KD_Avia" title="KD Avia">KD Avia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metrojet_(Russian_airline)" title="Metrojet (Russian airline)">Kogalymavia (Metrojet)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KrasAir" title="KrasAir">KrasAir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuban_Airlines" title="Kuban Airlines">Kuban Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mavial_Magadan_Airlines" class="mw-redirect" title="Mavial Magadan Airlines">Mavial Magadan Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Nordavia">Nordavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omskavia" title="Omskavia">Omskavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orenair" title="Orenair">Orenair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perm_Airlines" title="Perm Airlines">Perm Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polet_Airlines" title="Polet Airlines">Polet Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulkovo_Aviation_Enterprise" title="Pulkovo Aviation Enterprise">Pulkovo Aviation Enterprise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rossiya_(airline)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rossiya (airline)">Rossiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Sky_Airlines" title="Russian Sky Airlines">Russian Sky Airlines</a></li> <li>Sayany Airlines</li> <li><a href="/wiki/S7_Airlines" title="S7 Airlines">S7 Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakha_Avia" title="Sakha Avia">Sakha Avia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samara_Airlines" title="Samara Airlines">Samara Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sibaviatrans" title="Sibaviatrans">Sibaviatrans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatarstan_Airlines" title="Tatarstan Airlines">Tatarstan Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ural_Airlines" title="Ural Airlines">Ural Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UTair_Aviation" class="mw-redirect" title="UTair Aviation">UTair Aviation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VIM_Airlines" title="VIM Airlines">VIM Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladivostok_Air" title="Vladivostok Air">Vladivostok Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vnukovo_Airlines" title="Vnukovo Airlines">Vnukovo Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakutia_Airlines" title="Yakutia Airlines">Yakutia Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamal_Airlines" title="Yamal Airlines">Yamal Airlines</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Airlines" title="Slovak Airlines">Slovak Airlines</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_Somalia" title="Air Somalia">Air Somalia</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a></dt></dl> <p><a href="/wiki/Latavio" title="Latavio">Latavio</a> </p> <dl><dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syrianair" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrianair">Syrianair</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tajik_Air" title="Tajik Air">Tajik Air</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Active_Air&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Active Air (page does not exist)">Active Air</a></li> <li>Greenair</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holiday_Airlines" title="Holiday Airlines">Holiday Airlines</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan_Airlines" title="Turkmenistan Airlines">Turkmenistan Airlines</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_Ukraine" title="Air Ukraine">Air Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odessa_Airlines" title="Odessa Airlines">Odessa Airlines</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan_Airways" title="Uzbekistan Airways">Uzbekistan Airways</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/23px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/35px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/45px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alyemda" title="Alyemda">Alyemda</a></li></ul></div> <dl><dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philippine_air-tour&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philippine air-tour (page does not exist)">Philippine air-tour</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kotovo_Aireas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kotovo Aireas (page does not exist)">Kotovo Aireas</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ragtenburg_Airlines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ragtenburg Airlines (page does not exist)">Ragtenburg Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taklobuan_Aviation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taklobuan Aviation (page does not exist)">Taklobuan Aviation</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monostaliair&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monostaliair (page does not exist)">Monostaliair</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flyduoklin%C5%B3t&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flyduoklinųt (page does not exist)">Flyduoklinųt</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Former_military_operators">Former military operators</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_Tu-154&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Former military operators"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 15em;"> <dl><dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Air_Force" title="Armenian Air Force">Armenian Air Force</a></dd> <dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Air_Force" title="Bulgarian Air Force">Bulgarian Air Force</a> One 154B retired 1988; one 154M retired April 2010, replaced by A319 CFM</dd> <dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuban Air Force">Cuban Air Force</a></dd> <dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Czechoslovak_Air_Force" title="Czechoslovak Air Force">Czechoslovak Air Force</a> (passed on to successor states)</dd> <dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Czech_Air_Force" title="Czech Air Force">Czech Air Force</a> (replaced by <a href="/wiki/Airbus_A319" title="Airbus A319">Airbus A319</a>CJ)</dd> <dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_East_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_East_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_East_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_East_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_East_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_East_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/East_Germany" title="East Germany">East Germany</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Air_Forces_of_the_National_People%27s_Army" title="Air Forces of the National People's Army">East German Air Force</a> (passed on to FRG)</dd> <dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/German_Air_Force" title="German Air Force">German Air Force</a> (taken over from East Germany; one lost in mid-air collision, the other one sold)</dd> <dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Mongolia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mongolia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Mongolia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mongolia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Mongolia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mongolia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Air_Force" title="Mongolian Air Force">Mongolian Air Force</a></dd> <dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Polish_Air_Force" title="Polish Air Force">Polish Air Force</a> – 1 Tu-154M was retired in 2011, 1 Tu-154M <a href="/wiki/2010_Polish_Air_Force_Tu-154_crash" class="mw-redirect" title="2010 Polish Air Force Tu-154 crash">crashed in 2010</a>.</dd> <dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Government_Flying_Service" title="Slovak Government Flying Service">Slovak Government Flying Service</a> (replaced by <a href="/wiki/Airbus_A319" title="Airbus A319">Airbus A319</a>CJ)</dd> <dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet Air Force">Soviet Air Force</a> (passed on to successor states)</dd> <dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Turkmen_Air_Force" title="Turkmen Air Force">Turkmen Air Force</a> – two Tu-154B-2 retired</dd> <dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Air_Force" title="Ukrainian Air Force">Ukrainian Air Force</a></dd> <dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Uzbekistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Uzbekistan">Military of Uzbekistan</a></dd></dl></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Incidents_and_accidents">Incidents and accidents</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_Tu-154&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Incidents and accidents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_accidents_and_incidents_involving_the_Tupolev_Tu-154" title="List of accidents and incidents involving the Tupolev Tu-154">List of accidents and incidents involving the Tupolev Tu-154</a></div> <p>Between 1970 and December 2016 there were 110 serious incidents involving the Tu-154,<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including 73 hull losses,<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with 2,911 fatalities.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of the fatal incidents, five resulted from <a href="/wiki/Terrorist" class="mw-redirect" title="Terrorist">terrorist</a> or military terrorist action (two other wartime losses were non-fatal), several from poor runway conditions in winter (including <a href="/wiki/Aeroflot_Flight_3352" title="Aeroflot Flight 3352">one</a> in which the airplane struck <a href="/wiki/Snowplow" title="Snowplow">snow plows</a> on the runway), cargo overloading in the lapse of post-Soviet federal safety standards, and mid-air collisions due to faulty <a href="/wiki/Air_traffic_control" title="Air traffic control">air traffic control</a>. Other incidents resulted from mechanical problems, running out of fuel on unscheduled routes, <a href="/wiki/Pilot_error" title="Pilot error">pilot errors</a> (including inadequate flight training for new crews), and cargo fires; several accidents remain unexplained. </p><p>On 2 January 2011, Russia's Federal Transport Oversight Agency advised airlines to stop using remaining examples of the Tu-154 (B variant) until the <a href="/wiki/Kolavia_Flight_348" title="Kolavia Flight 348">fatal fire incident in Surgut</a> had been investigated.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its operation in Iran ceased in February 2011 due to a number of crashes and incidents involving the type (almost 9% of all Tu-154 losses have occurred in Iran). This grounding compounded the effects of US embargo on civil aircraft parts, substantially decreasing the number of airworthy aircraft in the Iranian civil fleet.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2010 there were two fatal losses of the Tu-154 due to pilot error and/or weather conditions (a Polish presidential jet attempting a rural airfield landing in heavy fog, the <a href="/wiki/2010_Polish_Air_Force_Tu-154_crash" class="mw-redirect" title="2010 Polish Air Force Tu-154 crash">2010 Polish Air Force Tu-154 crash</a>, and a Russian-registered plane that suffered engine stall after a crew member accidentally de-activated a fuel transfer pump). Following these accidents, in March 2011 the Russian Federal Bureau of Aviation recommended a withdrawal of remaining Tu-154Ms from service.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 27 December 2016, the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Defence_Ministry" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Defence Ministry">Russian Defence Ministry</a> grounded all Tu-154s in Russia pending investigation into the <a href="/wiki/2016_Russian_Defence_Ministry_Tupolev_Tu-154_crash" title="2016 Russian Defence Ministry Tupolev Tu-154 crash">25 December 2016 Tupolev Tu-154 crash</a> which killed 64 members of the <a href="/wiki/Alexandrov_Ensemble" title="Alexandrov Ensemble">Alexandrov Ensemble</a>, an official Red Army Choir of the <a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_the_Russian_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="Armed Forces of the Russian Federation">Russian Armed Forces</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-rte.ie_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rte.ie-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aircraft_on_display">Aircraft on display</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_Tu-154&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Aircraft on display"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kiev_ukraine_1076_state_aviation_museum_zhulyany_(25)_(5869577851).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Kiev_ukraine_1076_state_aviation_museum_zhulyany_%2825%29_%285869577851%29.jpg/220px-Kiev_ukraine_1076_state_aviation_museum_zhulyany_%2825%29_%285869577851%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Kiev_ukraine_1076_state_aviation_museum_zhulyany_%2825%29_%285869577851%29.jpg/330px-Kiev_ukraine_1076_state_aviation_museum_zhulyany_%2825%29_%285869577851%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Kiev_ukraine_1076_state_aviation_museum_zhulyany_%2825%29_%285869577851%29.jpg/440px-Kiev_ukraine_1076_state_aviation_museum_zhulyany_%2825%29_%285869577851%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>СССР-85020 at the Ukraine State Aviation Museum</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tupolev_Tu-154_HA-LCR_at_Thessaloniki_-_2018-04-30_-_Andy_Mabbett_-_01_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Tupolev_Tu-154_HA-LCR_at_Thessaloniki_-_2018-04-30_-_Andy_Mabbett_-_01_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Tupolev_Tu-154_HA-LCR_at_Thessaloniki_-_2018-04-30_-_Andy_Mabbett_-_01_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Tupolev_Tu-154_HA-LCR_at_Thessaloniki_-_2018-04-30_-_Andy_Mabbett_-_01_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Tupolev_Tu-154_HA-LCR_at_Thessaloniki_-_2018-04-30_-_Andy_Mabbett_-_01_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Tupolev_Tu-154_HA-LCR_at_Thessaloniki_-_2018-04-30_-_Andy_Mabbett_-_01_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Tupolev_Tu-154_HA-LCR_at_Thessaloniki_-_2018-04-30_-_Andy_Mabbett_-_01_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2750" data-file-height="1554" /></a><figcaption>HA-LCR next to the airport fire station at <a href="/wiki/Thessaloniki_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Thessaloniki International Airport">Thessaloniki International Airport</a>, in April 2018 </figcaption></figure> <ul><li>СССР-85020 at the <a href="/wiki/Ukraine_State_Aviation_Museum" title="Ukraine State Aviation Museum">Ukraine State Aviation Museum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag failed verification of its source citation(s). (May 2020)">failed verification</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>EW-85581 in the grounds of <a href="/wiki/Minsk_National_Airport" title="Minsk National Airport">Minsk National Airport</a> in Belarus.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>HA-LCG at the <a href="/wiki/Aeropark" title="Aeropark">Aeropark</a> museum in <a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>HA-LCA at <a href="/wiki/Budapest_Ferenc_Liszt_International_Airport" title="Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport">Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport</a></li> <li>LZ-BTU at the Aviomuseum Burgas museum in <a href="/wiki/Burgas,_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Burgas, Bulgaria">Burgas, Bulgaria</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>OK-BYZ at the Aviation Museum <a href="/wiki/Kunovice_(Uhersk%C3%A9_Hradi%C5%A1t%C4%9B_District)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kunovice (Uherské Hradiště District)">Kunovice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>OM-BYO at the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Aviation_(Ko%C5%A1ice)" title="Museum of Aviation (Košice)">Museum of Aviation in Košice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Specifications">Specifications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_Tu-154&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Specifications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><table style="text-align: center;" class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Measurement </th> <th>Tu-154B-2 </th> <th>Tu-154M </th></tr> <tr> <td>Cockpit crew</td> <td colspan="2">5(Tu-154B)-3(Tu-154M)<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Seating capacity</td> <td colspan="2">114–180 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Length</td> <td colspan="2">48.0 m (157 ft 6 in) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Wingspan</td> <td colspan="2">37.55 m (123 ft 2 in) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Wing area</td> <td>201.45 m<sup>2</sup> (2,168.4 sq ft)</td> <td>202 m<sup>2</sup> (2,170 sq ft) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Height</td> <td colspan="2">11.4 m (37 ft 5 in) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cabin width</td> <td colspan="2">3.58 m (11 ft 9 in)<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Maximum_take-off_weight" class="mw-redirect" title="Maximum take-off weight">MTOW</a></td> <td>98,000–100,000 kg<br />216,000–220,000 lb</td> <td>102,000–104,000 kg<br />225,000–229,000 lb </td></tr> <tr> <td>Empty weight</td> <td>50,700 kg (111,800 lb)</td> <td>55,300 kg (121,900 lb) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Maximum speed</td> <td colspan="2">913 km/h (493 kn) (Mach 0.86)<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Range fully loaded</td> <td>2,500 km (1,300 nmi)</td> <td>5,280 km (2,850 nmi) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Range with max fuel</td> <td>3,900 km (2,100 nmi)</td> <td>6,600 km (3,600 nmi) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Service ceiling</td> <td colspan="2">12,100 m (39,700 ft) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Engine (x 3)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kuznetsov_Design_Bureau" title="Kuznetsov Design Bureau">Kuznetsov</a> <a href="/wiki/Kuznetsov_NK-8" title="Kuznetsov NK-8">NK-8-2U</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Soloviev_Design_Bureau" class="mw-redirect" title="Soloviev Design Bureau">Soloviev</a> <a href="/wiki/Soloviev_D-30" title="Soloviev D-30">D-30KU-154</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Max. thrust (x 3)</td> <td>90 kN (20,000 lbf) each<sup id="cite_ref-c1_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-c1-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>103 kN (23,000 lbf) each<sup id="cite_ref-c1_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-c1-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Max. fuel capacity</td> <td>47,000 L (12,000 US gal)</td> <td>49,700 L (13,100 US gal) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_Tu-154&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Air_Crew_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Crew (film)">Air Crew</a></i> is the 1979 <a href="/wiki/Action_film" title="Action film">action film</a> revolving around the exploits of a Soviet Tu-154 crew on an international flight, the first Soviet film in the <a href="/wiki/Disaster_film" title="Disaster film">disaster</a> genre.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_Tu-154&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p> <b>Related development</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-155" title="Tupolev Tu-155">Tupolev Tu-155</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-204" title="Tupolev Tu-204">Tupolev Tu-204</a></li></ul> <p><b>Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_727" title="Boeing 727">Boeing 727</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawker_Siddeley_Trident" title="Hawker Siddeley Trident">Hawker Siddeley Trident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakovlev_Yak-42" title="Yakovlev Yak-42">Yakovlev Yak-42</a></li></ul> <p> <b>Related lists</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_civil_aircraft" title="List of civil aircraft">List of civil aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_jet_airliners" class="mw-redirect" title="List of jet airliners">List of jet airliners</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_Tu-154&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_Tu-154&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRabinowitz2013" class="citation news cs1">Rabinowitz, Jason (26 February 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.airlinereporter.com/2013/02/last-tupolev-tu-154-delivered-today-six-years-after-production-ceases/">"Last Tupolev TU-154 Delivered – 16 Years After Production Ceases"</a>. <i>Airline Reporter</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131212164325/http://www.airlinereporter.com/2013/02/last-tupolev-tu-154-delivered-today-six-years-after-production-ceases/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Airline+Reporter&rft.atitle=Last+Tupolev+TU-154+Delivered+%E2%80%93+16+Years+After+Production+Ceases&rft.date=2013-02-26&rft.aulast=Rabinowitz&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.airlinereporter.com%2F2013%2F02%2Flast-tupolev-tu-154-delivered-today-six-years-after-production-ceases%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATupolev+Tu-154" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161220231020/http://www.tupolev.ru/en/civil_aviation/tu-154">"Tu-154 – Туполев"</a>. <i>www.tupolev.ru</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tupolev.ru/en/civil_aviation/tu-154">the original</a> on 20 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.tupolev.ru&rft.atitle=Tu-154+%E2%80%93+%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tupolev.ru%2Fen%2Fcivil_aviation%2Ftu-154&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATupolev+Tu-154" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Komissarov, p. 8</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Komissarov, pp. 5, 18</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20110521105252/http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2006/06/30/207536/aviakor-ends-tupolev-tu-154m-production-after-fulfilling-last.html">"News Channel | Homepage"</a>. <i>Flightglobal.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/">the original</a> on 21 May 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Flightglobal.com&rft.atitle=News+Channel+%26%23124%3B+Homepage&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.flightglobal.com%2Fnews%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATupolev+Tu-154" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-built-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-built_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aerotransport.org/">"AeroTransport Data Bank"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20021121105512/http://www.aerotransport.org/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 November 2002<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=AeroTransport+Data+Bank&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aerotransport.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATupolev+Tu-154" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vz.ru/news/2013/2/19/621062.html">"The Last Serial Tu-154 Was Delivered to the Representatives of Russian Defense Ministry"</a>. Vzglyad.Ru. 19 February 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130222022206/http://vz.ru/news/2013/2/19/621062.html">Archived</a> from the original on 22 February 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 February</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Last+Serial+Tu-154+Was+Delivered+to+the+Representatives+of+Russian+Defense+Ministry&rft.date=2013-02-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvz.ru%2Fnews%2F2013%2F2%2F19%2F621062.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATupolev+Tu-154" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lenta.ru/news/2013/01/09/tu154/">"Наука и техника: Оружие: Шойгу получит последний самолет Ту-154М"</a>. Lenta.ru. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130515041742/http://lenta.ru/news/2013/01/09/tu154/">Archived</a> from the original on 15 May 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D0%B8+%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%3A+%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B5%3A+%D0%A8%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%B3%D1%83+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%82+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82+%D0%A2%D1%83-154%D0%9C&rft.pub=Lenta.ru&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flenta.ru%2Fnews%2F2013%2F01%2F09%2Ftu154%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATupolev+Tu-154" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Komissarov, p. 21</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">OKB Tupolev, A History of the Design Bureau and its Aircraft, Yefin Gordon and Vladimir Rigmant, translated by Alexander Boyd, edited by Dmitriy Komissarov (Hinckley, UK, 2005) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85780-214-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-85780-214-4">1-85780-214-4</a> p. 257.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Komissarov, p. 27</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Komissarov, pp. 29–31</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Komissarov, p. 34</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AirForceWorld.com_tu154md_electronic_intelligence_aircraft-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AirForceWorld.com_tu154md_electronic_intelligence_aircraft_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110305060021/http://www.airforceworld.com/pla/tu154md.htm">"AirForceWorld.com Tu154md Electronic Intelligence Aircraft"</a>. <i>AirForceWorld.com</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AirForceWorld.com&rft.atitle=AirForceWorld.com+Tu154md+Electronic+Intelligence+Aircraft&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.airforceworld.com%2Fpla%2Ftu154md.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATupolev+Tu-154" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200108035503/https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/2125535/how-ageing-russian-passenger-jet-became-key-part-chinas">"How an ageing Russian passenger jet became a key part of China's military intelligence gathering"</a>. <i>SCMP</i>. 24 December 2017. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SCMP&rft.atitle=How+an+ageing+Russian+passenger+jet+became+a+key+part+of+China%27s+military+intelligence+gathering&rft.date=2017-12-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scmp.com%2Fnews%2Fchina%2Fdiplomacy%2Farticle%2F2125535%2Fhow-ageing-russian-passenger-jet-became-key-part-chinas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATupolev+Tu-154" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Komissarov, pp. 36–37</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Komissarov, pp. 38–39</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Komissarov, p. 40</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Komissarov, pp. 36, 144–145</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://janes.migavia.com/rus/tupolev/tu-156.html">TUPOLEV Tu-156</a>. <i>All the World's Aircraft</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-russianplanes-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-russianplanes_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-russianplanes_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130313142915/http://russianplanes.net/planelist/Tupolev/Tu-154">"✈ russianplanes.net ✈ наша авиация"</a>. <i>russianplanes.net</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=russianplanes.net&rft.atitle=%E2%9C%88+russianplanes.net+%E2%9C%88+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B0+%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frussianplanes.net%2Fplanelist%2FTupolev%2FTu-154&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATupolev+Tu-154" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170815141507/https://russianplanes.net/reginfo/5271">"✈ russianplanes.net ✈ наша авиация"</a>. <i>russianplanes.net</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=russianplanes.net&rft.atitle=%E2%9C%88+russianplanes.net+%E2%9C%88+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B0+%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frussianplanes.net%2Freginfo%2F5271&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATupolev+Tu-154" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ch-aviation-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ch-aviation_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ch-aviation.com/portal/aircraft/quick?ac_manufacturer=TDB&ac_aircraft=Tu-154">ch-aviation.com – Aircraft Quick Search: Tu-154</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150611004347/http://ch-aviation.com/portal/aircraft/quick?ac_manufacturer=TDB&ac_aircraft=Tu-154">Archived</a> 11 June 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> retrieved 10 June 2015</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161211005629/http://russianplanes.net/airline/Chinese_Air_Force">"✈ russianplanes.net ✈ наша авиация"</a>. <i>russianplanes.net</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=russianplanes.net&rft.atitle=%E2%9C%88+russianplanes.net+%E2%9C%88+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B0+%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frussianplanes.net%2Fairline%2FChinese_Air_Force&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATupolev+Tu-154" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.flightglobal.com/airspace/forums/aeroflot-retires-the-legendary-tu-154s-44616.aspx">"Aeroflot retires the legendary TU-154s"</a>. Flight Global. 18 January 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100127091100/http://www.flightglobal.com/airspace/forums/aeroflot-retires-the-legendary-tu-154s-44616.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 27 January 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 December</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Aeroflot+retires+the+legendary+TU-154s&rft.date=2010-01-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.flightglobal.com%2Fairspace%2Fforums%2Faeroflot-retires-the-legendary-tu-154s-44616.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATupolev+Tu-154" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110717183543/http://www.uzairways.com/news.aspx?ctl=News&dId=1985&pid=0&cls=1">"Uzbekistan Airways renews aircraft fleet"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=It+Danced+Once%2C+but+More+Often+It+Crashes&rft.date=2011-06-21&rft.aulast=Kramer&rft.aufirst=Andrew+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2011%2F06%2F22%2Fworld%2Feurope%2F22russia.html%3F_r%3D1%26partner%3Drss%26emc%3Drss&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATupolev+Tu-154" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rte.ie-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rte.ie_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rte.ie_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rte.ie/news/2016/1227/841362-russia-plane-crash/">"Russia grounds all its TU-154 planes after crash"</a>. <i>RTE.ie</i>. 27 December 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161228031614/https://www.rte.ie/news/2016/1227/841362-russia-plane-crash/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=RTE.ie&rft.atitle=Russia+grounds+all+its+TU-154+planes+after+crash&rft.date=2016-12-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rte.ie%2Fnews%2F2016%2F1227%2F841362-russia-plane-crash%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATupolev+Tu-154" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.news.com.au/breaking-news/russia-may-ground-tupolev-tu-154-jets-after-runway-explosion-kills-three/news-story/7dd8c9abfa73dbb5aa7e6ec5ecfa5c9d">"Russia may ground Tupolev Tu-154 jets after runway explosion kills three"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/News.com.au" title="News.com.au">News.com.au</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/AFP_(news_agency)" class="mw-redirect" title="AFP (news agency)">AFP</a>. 3 January 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210625233438/https://www.news.com.au/breaking-news/russia-may-ground-tupolev-tu-154-jets-after-runway-explosion-kills-three/news-story/7dd8c9abfa73dbb5aa7e6ec5ecfa5c9d">Archived</a> from the original on 25 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=News.com.au&rft.atitle=Russia+may+ground+Tupolev+Tu-154+jets+after+runway+explosion+kills+three&rft.date=2021-01-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.news.com.au%2Fbreaking-news%2Frussia-may-ground-tupolev-tu-154-jets-after-runway-explosion-kills-three%2Fnews-story%2F7dd8c9abfa73dbb5aa7e6ec5ecfa5c9d&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATupolev+Tu-154" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChan2017" class="citation news cs1">Chan, Minnie (24 December 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/2125535/how-ageing-russian-passenger-jet-became-key-part-chinas">"How an ageing Russian passenger jet became a key part of China's military intelligence gathering"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/South_China_Morning_Post" title="South China Morning Post">South China Morning Post</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200108035503/https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/2125535/how-ageing-russian-passenger-jet-became-key-part-chinas">Archived</a> from the original on 8 January 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=South+China+Morning+Post&rft.atitle=How+an+ageing+Russian+passenger+jet+became+a+key+part+of+China%27s+military+intelligence+gathering&rft.date=2017-12-24&rft.aulast=Chan&rft.aufirst=Minnie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scmp.com%2Fnews%2Fchina%2Fdiplomacy%2Farticle%2F2125535%2Fhow-ageing-russian-passenger-jet-became-key-part-chinas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATupolev+Tu-154" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ria.ru/20201028/tu-154-1581865614.html">"Ту-154 совершил последний в России гражданский перелет"</a> (in Russian). RIA Novosti. 28 October 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201214164945/https://ria.ru/20201028/tu-154-1581865614.html">Archived</a> from the original on 14 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%D0%A2%D1%83-154+%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BB+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%B2+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82&rft.date=2020-10-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fria.ru%2F20201028%2Ftu-154-1581865614.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATupolev+Tu-154" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rzjets.net/operators/?show=2773">BH Airlines</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151017120906/http://rzjets.net/operators/?show=2773">Archived</a> 17 October 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> at rzjets.net, Retrieved 13 December 2014</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120825003828/http://www.tehrantimes.com/politics/100702-iran-unveils-upgraded-missile-five-pieces-of-military-hardware">"Iran unveils upgraded missile, five pieces of military hardware"</a>. <i>Tehran Times</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tehrantimes.com/politics/100702-iran-unveils-upgraded-missile-five-pieces-of-military-hardware">the original</a> on 25 August 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tehran+Times&rft.atitle=Iran+unveils+upgraded+missile%2C+five+pieces+of+military+hardware&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tehrantimes.com%2Fpolitics%2F100702-iran-unveils-upgraded-missile-five-pieces-of-military-hardware&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATupolev+Tu-154" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarro_Ranter" class="citation web cs1">Harro Ranter. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aviation-safety.net/database/dblist.php?field=typecode&var=475%&cat=%%&sorteer=datekey&page=1">"Aviation Safety Network – ASN Aviation Safety Database results"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304101940/http://aviation-safety.net/database/dblist.php?field=typecode&var=475%&cat=%%&sorteer=datekey&page=1">Archived</a> from the original on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Aviation+Safety+Network+%E2%80%93+ASN+Aviation+Safety+Database+results&rft.au=Harro+Ranter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faviation-safety.net%2Fdatabase%2Fdblist.php%3Ffield%3Dtypecode%26var%3D475%25%26cat%3D%25%25%26sorteer%3Ddatekey%26page%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATupolev+Tu-154" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarro_Ranter" class="citation web cs1">Harro Ranter. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aviation-safety.net/database/dblist.php?field=typecode&var=475%&cat=%1&sorteer=datekey&page=1">"Aviation Safety Network – ASN Aviation Safety Database results"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150424144325/http://aviation-safety.net/database/dblist.php?field=typecode&var=475%&cat=%1&sorteer=datekey&page=1">Archived</a> from the original on 24 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Aviation+Safety+Network+%E2%80%93+ASN+Aviation+Safety+Database+results&rft.au=Harro+Ranter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faviation-safety.net%2Fdatabase%2Fdblist.php%3Ffield%3Dtypecode%26var%3D475%25%26cat%3D%251%26sorteer%3Ddatekey%26page%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATupolev+Tu-154" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aviation-safety.net/database/type/type-stat.php?type=475">"Tupolev Tu-154 Accident Statistics"</a>. Aviation Safety Network. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210208232302/http://aviation-safety.net/database/type/type-stat.php?type=475">Archived</a> from the original on 8 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tupolev+Tu-154+Accident+Statistics&rft.pub=Aviation+Safety+Network&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faviation-safety.net%2Fdatabase%2Ftype%2Ftype-stat.php%3Ftype%3D475&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATupolev+Tu-154" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-12105506">"Russian airlines should ground Tu-154s, watchdog says"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 2 January 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110103045734/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-12105506">Archived</a> from the original on 3 January 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 January</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Russian+airlines+should+ground+Tu-154s%2C+watchdog+says&rft.date=2011-01-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-12105506&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATupolev+Tu-154" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mellatonline.ir/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=8020:1389-11-27-05-38-42&catid=56:news&Itemid=68">"از اول اسفند ارابه‌هاي مرگ در آسمان‌ها زمين‌گير مي‌شود"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%D8%A7%D8%B2+%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84+%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%86%D8%AF+%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%8A+%D9%85%D8%B1%DA%AF+%D8%AF%D8%B1+%D8%A2%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7+%D8%B2%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86%E2%80%8C%DA%AF%D9%8A%D8%B1+%D9%85%D9%8A%E2%80%8C%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%AF&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mellatonline.ir%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26view%3Darticle%26id%3D8020%3A1389-11-27-05-38-42%26catid%3D56%3Anews%26Itemid%3D68&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATupolev+Tu-154" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged September 2011">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402102930/http://www.rp.pl/artykul/625628_Agencja-zaleca-wycofanie-Tu-154M.html">"Rosja. Tu-154M mogą wyjść z eksploatacji od 1 lipca"</a>. <i>Rzeczpospolita</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rp.pl/artykul/625628_Agencja-zaleca-wycofanie-Tu-154M.html">the original</a> on 2 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rzeczpospolita&rft.atitle=Rosja.+Tu-154M+mog%C4%85+wyj%C5%9B%C4%87+z+eksploatacji+od+1+lipca&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rp.pl%2Fartykul%2F625628_Agencja-zaleca-wycofanie-Tu-154M.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATupolev+Tu-154" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aviamuseum.com.ua/en/exposition/exposition/kb-tupoleva/252-tu-154">"Tu-154"</a>. <i>Oleg Antonov State Aviation Museum</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200222021714/http://aviamuseum.com.ua/en/exposition/exposition/kb-tupoleva/252-tu-154">Archived</a> from the original on 22 February 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oleg+Antonov+State+Aviation+Museum&rft.atitle=Tu-154&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faviamuseum.com.ua%2Fen%2Fexposition%2Fexposition%2Fkb-tupoleva%2F252-tu-154&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATupolev+Tu-154" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aeropark.hu/ha-lcg/">"TU-154B-2"</a>. <i>Aeropark Budapest</i> (in Hungarian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200809055502/https://aeropark.hu/muzeumrol/tu-154b-2/">Archived</a> from the original on 9 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Aeropark+Budapest&rft.atitle=TU-154B-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faeropark.hu%2Fha-lcg%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATupolev+Tu-154" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://avioburgas.bg/tu-154">"Tupolev, Tu-154"</a>. <i>Aviomuseum Burgas</i> (in Bulgarian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230928134226/https://avioburgas.bg/tu-154/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 September 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Aviomuseum+Burgas&rft.atitle=Tupolev%2C+Tu-154&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Favioburgas.bg%2Ftu-154&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATupolev+Tu-154" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.muzeum-kunovice.cz/tupolev-tu-154m-nagansky-expres/">"Tupolev Tu-154 M "Naganský expres"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Letecké muzem v Kunovicích</i> (in Czech). 9 July 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201025100425/https://www.muzeum-kunovice.cz/tupolev-tu-154m-nagansky-expres/">Archived</a> from the original on 25 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Leteck%C3%A9+muzem+v+Kunovic%C3%ADch&rft.atitle=Tupolev+Tu-154+M+%22Nagansk%C3%BD+expres%22&rft.date=2019-07-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.muzeum-kunovice.cz%2Ftupolev-tu-154m-nagansky-expres%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATupolev+Tu-154" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPucher2017" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Pucher, Filip (31 December 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.airliners.sk/video-posledny-prelet-tu-154-kosic/">"VIDEO - Posledný prelet TU-154 do Košíc"</a>. <i>airliners.sk</i> (in Slovak). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210518161109/https://www.airliners.sk/video-posledny-prelet-tu-154-kosic/">Archived</a> from the original on 18 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=airliners.sk&rft.atitle=VIDEO+-+Posledn%C3%BD+prelet+TU-154+do+Ko%C5%A1%C3%ADc&rft.date=2017-12-31&rft.aulast=Pucher&rft.aufirst=Filip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.airliners.sk%2Fvideo-posledny-prelet-tu-154-kosic%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATupolev+Tu-154" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181209213120/http://www.tupolev.ru/en/civil_aviation/tu-154">"Tu-154 – Туполев"</a>. <i>www.tupolev.ru</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tupolev.ru/en/civil_aviation/tu-154">the original</a> on 9 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.tupolev.ru&rft.atitle=Tu-154+%E2%80%93+%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tupolev.ru%2Fen%2Fcivil_aviation%2Ftu-154&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATupolev+Tu-154" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/russia/tu-154-specs.htm">"Tu-154 Careless"</a>. <i>www.globalsecurity.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190115023209/https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/russia/tu-154-specs.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 15 January 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.globalsecurity.org&rft.atitle=Tu-154+Careless&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalsecurity.org%2Fmilitary%2Fworld%2Frussia%2Ftu-154-specs.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATupolev+Tu-154" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.avsim.su/f/aviadokumentaciya-15/tu-154m-rukovodstvo-po-lyotnoy-ekspluatacii-kniga-1-7958.html">"Tu-154B Flight Crew Operations Manual"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180922024919/https://www.avsim.su/f/aviadokumentaciya-15/tu-154m-rukovodstvo-po-lyotnoy-ekspluatacii-kniga-1-7958.html">Archived</a> from the original on 22 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tu-154B+Flight+Crew+Operations+Manual&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.avsim.su%2Ff%2Faviadokumentaciya-15%2Ftu-154m-rukovodstvo-po-lyotnoy-ekspluatacii-kniga-1-7958.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATupolev+Tu-154" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-c1-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-c1_49-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-c1_49-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Originally measured as 10,500 <a href="/wiki/Kilogram-force" title="Kilogram-force">kgf</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_Tu-154&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Dmitriy Komissarov, <i>Tupolev Tu-154, The USSR's Medium-Range Jet Airliner</i>, (Hinckley, UK, 2007) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1857802411" title="Special:BookSources/1857802411">1857802411</a></li> <li>Yefin Gordon and Vladimir Rigmant, <i>OKB Tupolev, A History of the Design Bureau and its Aircraft</i>, translated by Alexander Boyd, edited by Dmitriy Komissarov (Hinckley, UK, 2005) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85780-214-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-85780-214-4">1-85780-214-4</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_Tu-154&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Tupolev_Tu-154" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Tupolev Tu-154">Tupolev Tu-154</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.airliners.net/photo/Slovakia-Government/Tupolev-Tu-154M/1087183">Image of Tu-154M flight-deck</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/2081143.stm">BBC: Tu-154: The backbone of Russian fleets</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100413175703/http://www.plastikowe.pl/galerie/tu-154m">Gallery of Polish VIP variant of Tu-154M used by 36. 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style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Tupolev" title="Tupolev">Tupolev</a> aircraft</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Civilian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-104" title="Tupolev Tu-104">Tu-104</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-114" title="Tupolev Tu-114">Tu-114</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-116" title="Tupolev Tu-116">Tu-116</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-124" title="Tupolev Tu-124">Tu-124</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-134" title="Tupolev Tu-134">Tu-134</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-144" title="Tupolev Tu-144">Tu-144</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tu-154</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tu-164</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-204" title="Tupolev Tu-204">Tu-204</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-204" title="Tupolev Tu-204">Tu-214</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-334" title="Tupolev Tu-334">Tu-334</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-334" title="Tupolev Tu-334">Tu-354</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Military</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-2" title="Tupolev Tu-2">Tu-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-4" title="Tupolev Tu-4">Tu-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-2" title="Tupolev Tu-2">Tu-10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-14" title="Tupolev Tu-14">Tu-14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-16" title="Tupolev Tu-16">Tu-16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-95" title="Tupolev Tu-95">Tu-20/Tu-95</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-22" title="Tupolev Tu-22">Tu-22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-22M" title="Tupolev Tu-22M">Tu-22M/Tu-26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-28" title="Tupolev Tu-28">Tu-28/Tu-128</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-14" title="Tupolev Tu-14">Tu-81</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-126" title="Tupolev Tu-126">Tu-126</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-142" title="Tupolev Tu-142">Tu-142</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-160" title="Tupolev Tu-160">Tu-160</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unmanned</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-121" title="Tupolev Tu-121">Tu-121C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-123" title="Tupolev Tu-123">Tu-123</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-139" class="mw-redirect" title="Tupolev Tu-139">Tu-139</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-130" title="Tupolev Tu-130">Tu-130</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_Tu-131&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tupolev Tu-131 (page does not exist)">Tu-131 SAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-141" title="Tupolev Tu-141">Tu-141</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-143" title="Tupolev Tu-143">Tu-143</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-143#Tu-243_variant" title="Tupolev Tu-143">Tu-243</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-143#Tu-300_variant" title="Tupolev Tu-143">Tu-300</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Experimental</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-1" title="Tupolev Tu-1">Tu-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-2" title="Tupolev Tu-2">Tu-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-8" title="Tupolev Tu-8">Tu-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-12" title="Tupolev Tu-12">Tu-12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-8" title="Tupolev Tu-8">Tu-18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-70" title="Tupolev Tu-70">Tu-70</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-72" title="Tupolev Tu-72">Tu-72</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-75" title="Tupolev Tu-75">Tu-75</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-12" title="Tupolev Tu-12">Tu-77</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-4" title="Tupolev Tu-4">Tu-79</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-80" title="Tupolev Tu-80">Tu-80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-82" title="Tupolev Tu-82">Tu-82</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-85" title="Tupolev Tu-85">Tu-85</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-91" title="Tupolev Tu-91">Tu-91</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-4" title="Tupolev Tu-4">Tu-94</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-95LAL" title="Tupolev Tu-95LAL">Tu-95LAL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-96" class="mw-redirect" title="Tupolev Tu-96">Tu-96</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-98" title="Tupolev Tu-98">Tu-98</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-22" title="Tupolev Tu-22">Tu-105</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-107" title="Tupolev Tu-107">Tu-107</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-110" title="Tupolev Tu-110">Tu-110</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-155" title="Tupolev Tu-155">Tu-155</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-204" title="Tupolev Tu-204">Tu-206</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Proposed,<br />cancelled</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_ANT-17" title="Tupolev ANT-17">ANT-17/TSh-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_ANT-7" title="Tupolev ANT-7">ANT-18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_TB-6" title="Tupolev TB-6">ANT-26/TB-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_TB-6" title="Tupolev TB-6">ANT-28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_ANT-30" title="Tupolev ANT-30">ANT-30/SK-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_ANT-53" title="Tupolev ANT-53">ANT-53</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-72" title="Tupolev Tu-72">Tu-72 (I)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-8" title="Tupolev Tu-8">Tu-72 (II)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_%2773%27" title="Tupolev '73'">'73'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-74" title="Tupolev Tu-74">'74'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_%2773%27" title="Tupolev '73'">'78'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_%2773%27" title="Tupolev '73'">'79'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-82" title="Tupolev Tu-82">'86'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-16" title="Tupolev Tu-16">'90'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-14" title="Tupolev Tu-14">'93'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_%27102%27" title="Tupolev '102'">'101'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_%27102%27" title="Tupolev '102'">'102'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-114" title="Tupolev Tu-114">Tu-115</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-110" title="Tupolev Tu-110">Tu-117</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-104" title="Tupolev Tu-104">Tu-118</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-95LAL" title="Tupolev Tu-95LAL">Tu-119</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-125" title="Tupolev Tu-125">Tu-125</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-124" title="Tupolev Tu-124">Tu-127</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-135" class="mw-redirect" title="Tupolev Tu-135">Tu-135</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-28" title="Tupolev Tu-28">Tu-138</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-28" title="Tupolev Tu-28">Tu-148</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-155" title="Tupolev Tu-155">Tu-156</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-160" title="Tupolev Tu-160">Tu-161</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tu-174</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tu-194</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-204" title="Tupolev Tu-204">Tu-206</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-216" class="mw-redirect" title="Tupolev Tu-216">Tu-216</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_Tu-230&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tupolev Tu-230 (page does not exist)">Tu-230</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-244" title="Tupolev Tu-244">Tu-244</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-300" class="mw-redirect" title="Tupolev Tu-300">Tu-300</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frigate_Ecojet" title="Frigate Ecojet">Tu-304</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-324" title="Tupolev Tu-324">Tu-324</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-330" title="Tupolev Tu-330">Tu-330</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-334" title="Tupolev Tu-334">Tu-334</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-330" title="Tupolev Tu-330">Tu-338</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-344" class="mw-redirect" title="Tupolev Tu-344">Tu-344</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-360" title="Tupolev Tu-360">Tu-360</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-404" title="Tupolev Tu-404">Tu-404</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-324" title="Tupolev Tu-324">Tu-414</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-334" title="Tupolev Tu-334">Tu-336</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-444" class="mw-redirect" title="Tupolev Tu-444">Tu-444</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-2000" title="Tupolev Tu-2000">Tu-2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frigate_Ecojet" title="Frigate Ecojet">Frigate Ecojet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_PAK_DA" title="Tupolev PAK DA">PAK DA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Voron" title="Tupolev Voron">Voron</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early period</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_ANT-1" title="Tupolev ANT-1">ANT-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_ANT-2" title="Tupolev ANT-2">ANT-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_ANT-3" title="Tupolev ANT-3">ANT-3/R-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_TB-1" title="Tupolev TB-1">ANT-4/TB-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_I-4" title="Tupolev I-4">ANT-5/I-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_TB-3" title="Tupolev TB-3">ANT-6/TB-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_ANT-7" title="Tupolev ANT-7">ANT-7/R-6/KR-6/MR-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_ANT-8" title="Tupolev ANT-8">ANT-8/MDR-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_ANT-9" title="Tupolev ANT-9">ANT-9/PS-9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_ANT-10" title="Tupolev ANT-10">ANT-10/R-7</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_ANT-11&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tupolev ANT-11 (page does not exist)">ANT-11/MTBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polikarpov_I-5" title="Polikarpov I-5">ANT-12/I-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_I-8" title="Tupolev I-8">ANT-13/I-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_ANT-14" title="Tupolev ANT-14">ANT-14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_ANT-16" title="Tupolev ANT-16">ANT-16/TB-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_ANT-20" title="Tupolev ANT-20">ANT-20/PS-124</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_ANT-21" title="Tupolev ANT-21">ANT-21/MI-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_ANT-22" title="Tupolev ANT-22">ANT-22/MK-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_I-12" title="Tupolev I-12">ANT-23/I-12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_ANT-25" title="Tupolev ANT-25">ANT-25/RD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_MTB-1" title="Tupolev MTB-1">ANT-27/MDR-4/MTB-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_ANT-29" title="Tupolev ANT-29">ANT-29/DIP-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_I-14" title="Tupolev I-14">ANT-31/I-14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_ANT-35" title="Tupolev ANT-35">ANT-35/PS-35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_DB-1" title="Tupolev DB-1">ANT-36/DB-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_ANT-37" title="Tupolev ANT-37">ANT-37/DB-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_SB" title="Tupolev SB">ANT-40/SB/PS-40/PS-41</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_ANT-41" title="Tupolev ANT-41">ANT-41/T-1/LK-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petlyakov_Pe-8" title="Petlyakov Pe-8">ANT-42/TB-7/Pe-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_ANT-43" title="Tupolev ANT-43">ANT-43</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_MTB-2" title="Tupolev MTB-2">ANT-44/MTB-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_SB" title="Tupolev SB">ANT-46/DI-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukhoi_Su-2" title="Sukhoi Su-2">ANT-51/BB-1/Su-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-2" title="Tupolev Tu-2">ANT-58/FB/Tu-2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" 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