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class="mw-page-title-main">Leonard Eugene Dickson</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 22 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-22" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">22 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86" title="ليونارد يوجين ديكسون – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ليونارد يوجين ديكسون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%AF%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86" title="لئونارد یوجین دیکسون – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="لئونارد یوجین دیکسون" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonard_Dickson" title="Leonard Dickson – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Leonard Dickson" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonard_E._Dickson" title="Leonard E. Dickson – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Leonard E. Dickson" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonard_Eugene_Dickson" title="Leonard Eugene Dickson – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Leonard Eugene Dickson" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%AF%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86" title="لئونارد یوجین دیکسون – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لئونارد یوجین دیکسون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonard_Eugene_Dickson" title="Leonard Eugene Dickson – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Leonard Eugene Dickson" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A0%88%EB%84%88%EB%93%9C_%EC%9C%A0%EC%A7%84_%EB%94%95%EC%8A%A8" title="레너드 유진 딕슨 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="레너드 유진 딕슨" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonard_Eugene_Dickson" title="Leonard Eugene Dickson – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Leonard Eugene Dickson" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%A8%D7%93_%D7%99%D7%95%D7%92%27%D7%99%D7%9F_%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%9F" title="לאונרד יוג'ין דיקסון – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לאונרד יוג'ין דיקסון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonard_Eugene_Dickson" title="Leonard Eugene Dickson – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Leonard Eugene Dickson" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%80%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%BA" title="ലിയോനാർഡ് യൂജീൻ ഡീക്സൺ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ലിയോനാർഡ് യൂജീൻ ഡീക്സൺ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86" title="ليونارد يوجين ديكسون – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ليونارد يوجين ديكسون" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonard_Eugene_Dickson" title="Leonard Eugene Dickson – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Leonard Eugene Dickson" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AC%E3%82%AA%E3%83%8A%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89%E3%83%BBE%E3%83%BB%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%82%AF%E3%82%BD%E3%83%B3" title="レオナード・E・ディクソン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="レオナード・E・ディクソン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonard_Eugene_Dickson" title="Leonard Eugene Dickson – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Leonard Eugene Dickson" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonard_Eugene_Dickson" title="Leonard Eugene Dickson – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Leonard Eugene Dickson" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonard_Eugene_Dickson" title="Leonard Eugene Dickson – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Leonard Eugene Dickson" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD,_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%AE%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Диксон, Леонард Юджин – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Диксон, Леонард Юджин" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonard_Eugene_Dickson" title="Leonard Eugene Dickson – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Leonard Eugene Dickson" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonard_Eugene_Dickson" title="Leonard Eugene Dickson – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Leonard Eugene Dickson" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%A6%E7%BA%B3%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%B0%A4%E9%87%91%C2%B7%E8%BF%AA%E5%85%8B%E6%A3%AE" title="伦纳德·尤金·迪克森 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="伦纳德·尤金·迪克森" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q891058#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Leonard Eugene Dickson</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1874-01-22</span>)</span>January 22, 1874<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Independence,_Iowa" title="Independence, Iowa">Independence, Iowa</a>, US</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">January 17, 1954<span style="display:none">(1954-01-17)</span> (aged 79)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Harlingen,_Texas" title="Harlingen, Texas">Harlingen, Texas</a>, US</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data">University of Chicago (Ph.D., 1896)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cayley%E2%80%93Dickson_construction" title="Cayley–Dickson construction">Cayley–Dickson construction</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Dickson%27s_conjecture" title="Dickson's conjecture">Dickson's conjecture</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Dickson%27s_lemma" title="Dickson's lemma">Dickson's lemma</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Dickson_invariant_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Dickson invariant (disambiguation)">Dickson invariant</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Dickson_polynomial" title="Dickson polynomial">Dickson polynomial</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Modular_invariant_theory" title="Modular invariant theory">Modular invariant theory</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Newcomb_Cleveland_Prize" title="Newcomb Cleveland Prize">Newcomb Cleveland Prize</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1923)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Cole_Prize" title="Cole Prize">Cole Prize</a> in Algebra <small>(1928)</small></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fields</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Mathematics" title="Mathematics">Mathematics</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">University of Chicago</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Thesis" title="Thesis">Thesis</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i> The Analytic Representation of Substitutions on a Power of a Prime Number of Letters with a Discussion of the Linear Group </i> <span style="font-size:97%;">(1896)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Doctoral_advisor" title="Doctoral advisor">Doctoral advisor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/E._H._Moore" title="E. H. Moore">E. H. Moore</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Doctoral students</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Adrian_Albert" class="mw-redirect" title="Abraham Adrian Albert">Abraham Adrian Albert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Ellen_Baker" title="Frances Ellen Baker">Frances Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olive_Hazlett" title="Olive Hazlett">Olive Hazlett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mabel_Gweneth_Humphreys" title="Mabel Gweneth Humphreys">Mabel Gweneth Humphreys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Duncan_James" title="Ralph Duncan James">Ralph James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burton_W._Jones" class="mw-redirect" title="Burton W. Jones">Burton W. Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claiborne_Latimer" title="Claiborne Latimer">Claiborne Latimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Litzinger" title="Marie Litzinger">Marie Litzinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayme_Logsdon" title="Mayme Logsdon">Mayme Logsdon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrus_MacDuffee" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyrus MacDuffee">Cyrus MacDuffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_M._Niven" title="Ivan M. Niven">Ivan M. Niven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Oppenheim" title="Alexander Oppenheim">Alexander Oppenheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Pall" title="Gordon Pall">Gordon Pall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mina_Rees" title="Mina Rees">Mina Rees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Ross" title="Arnold Ross">Arnold Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mildred_Sanderson" title="Mildred Sanderson">Mildred Sanderson</a> (Dickson’s first female doctoral student)<sup id="cite_ref-agnesscott.edu_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-agnesscott.edu-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marion_Elizabeth_Stark" title="Marion Elizabeth Stark">Marion Elizabeth Stark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Williamson_(mathematician)" title="John Williamson (mathematician)">John Williamson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Leonard Eugene Dickson</b> (January 22, 1874 – January 17, 1954) was an American <a href="/wiki/Mathematician" title="Mathematician">mathematician</a>. He was one of the first American researchers in <a href="/wiki/Abstract_algebra" title="Abstract algebra">abstract algebra</a>, in particular the theory of finite <a href="/wiki/Field_(mathematics)" title="Field (mathematics)">fields</a> and <a href="/wiki/Classical_group" title="Classical group">classical groups</a>, and is also remembered for a three-volume history of <a href="/wiki/Number_theory" title="Number theory">number theory</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Theory_of_Numbers" title="History of the Theory of Numbers">History of the Theory of Numbers</a></i>. The L. E. Dickson instructorships at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">University of Chicago</a> Department of Mathematics are named after him. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life">Life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonard_Eugene_Dickson&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dickson considered himself a Texan by virtue of having grown up in <a href="/wiki/Cleburne,_Texas" title="Cleburne, Texas">Cleburne</a>, where his father was a banker, merchant, and real estate investor. He attended the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Texas_at_Austin" title="University of Texas at Austin">University of Texas at Austin</a>, where <a href="/wiki/George_Bruce_Halsted" class="mw-redirect" title="George Bruce Halsted">George Bruce Halsted</a> encouraged his study of mathematics. Dickson earned a B.S. in 1893 and an M.S. in 1894, under Halsted's supervision. Dickson first specialised in Halsted's own specialty, <a href="/wiki/Geometry" title="Geometry">geometry</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AAA_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAA-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Both the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">University of Chicago</a> and <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> welcomed Dickson as a Ph.D. student, and Dickson initially accepted Harvard's offer, but chose to attend Chicago instead. In 1896, when he was only 22 years of age, he was awarded Chicago's first doctorate in mathematics, for a dissertation titled <i>The Analytic Representation of Substitutions on a Power of a Prime Number of Letters with a Discussion of the Linear Group</i>, supervised by <a href="/wiki/E._H._Moore" title="E. H. Moore">E. H. Moore</a>. </p><p>Dickson then went to <a href="/wiki/Leipzig" title="Leipzig">Leipzig</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> to study under <a href="/wiki/Sophus_Lie" title="Sophus Lie">Sophus Lie</a> and <a href="/wiki/Camille_Jordan" title="Camille Jordan">Camille Jordan</a>, respectively. On returning to the US, he became an instructor at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California" title="University of California">University of California</a>. In 1899 and at the extraordinarily young age of 25, Dickson was appointed associate professor at the University of Texas. Chicago countered by offering him a position in 1900, and he spent the balance of his career there. At Chicago, he supervised 53 Ph.D. theses; his most accomplished student was probably <a href="/wiki/A._A._Albert" title="A. A. Albert">A. A. Albert</a>. He was a visiting professor at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California" title="University of California">University of California</a> in 1914, 1918, and 1922. In 1939, he returned to Texas to retire. </p><p>Dickson married Susan McLeod Davis in 1902; they had two children, Campbell and Eleanor. </p><p>Dickson was elected to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Academy_of_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="United States National Academy of Sciences">National Academy of Sciences</a> in 1913, and was also a member of the American Philosophical Society, the <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences">American Academy of Arts and Sciences</a>, the <a href="/wiki/London_Mathematical_Society" title="London Mathematical Society">London Mathematical Society</a>, the <a href="/wiki/French_Academy_of_Sciences" title="French Academy of Sciences">French Academy of Sciences</a> and the Union of Czech Mathematicians and Physicists. Dickson was the first recipient of a prize created in 1924 by The American Association for the Advancement of Science, for his work on the arithmetics of algebras. Harvard (1936) and Princeton (1941) awarded him honorary doctorates. </p><p>Dickson presided over the <a href="/wiki/American_Mathematical_Society" title="American Mathematical Society">American Mathematical Society</a> in 1917–1918. His December 1918 presidential address, titled "Mathematics in War Perspective", criticized American mathematics for falling short of those of Britain, France, and Germany: </p> <dl><dd>"Let it not again become possible that thousands of young men shall be so seriously handicapped in their Army and Navy work by lack of adequate preparation in mathematics."</dd></dl> <p>In 1928, he was also the first recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Cole_Prize" title="Cole Prize">Cole Prize</a> for algebra, awarded annually by the AMS, for his book <i>Algebren und ihre Zahlentheorie</i>. </p><p>It appears that Dickson was a hard man: </p> <dl><dd>"A hard-bitten character, Dickson tended to speak his mind bluntly; he was always sparing in his praise for the work of others. ... he indulged his serious passions for bridge and billiards and reportedly did not like to lose at either game."<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <dl><dd>"He delivered terse and unpolished lectures and spoke sternly to his students. ... Given Dickson's intolerance for student weaknesses in mathematics, however, his comments could be harsh, even though not intended to be personal. He did not aim to make students feel good about themselves."<sup id="cite_ref-DDF_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DDF-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <dl><dd>"Dickson had a sudden death trial for his prospective doctoral students: he assigned a preliminary problem which was shorter than a dissertation problem, and if the student could solve it in three months, Dickson would agree to oversee the graduate student's work. If not the student had to look elsewhere for an advisor."<sup id="cite_ref-DDF_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DDF-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Work">Work</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonard_Eugene_Dickson&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Work"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dickson had a major impact on American mathematics, especially <a href="/wiki/Abstract_algebra" title="Abstract algebra">abstract algebra</a>. His mathematical output consists of 18 books and more than 250 papers. The <i>Collected Mathematical Papers of Leonard Eugene Dickson</i> fill six large volumes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_algebraist">The algebraist</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonard_Eugene_Dickson&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: The algebraist"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1901, Dickson published his first book <i>Linear groups with an exposition of the Galois field theory</i>, a revision and expansion of his Ph.D. thesis. Teubner in Leipzig published the book, as there was no well-established American scientific publisher at the time. Dickson had already published 43 research papers in the preceding five years; all but seven on <a href="/wiki/Finite_linear_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Finite linear group">finite linear groups</a>. Parshall (1991) described the book as follows: </p> <dl><dd>"Dickson presented a unified, complete, and general theory of the <a href="/wiki/Classical_linear_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical linear group">classical linear groups</a>—not merely over the <a href="/wiki/Prime_field" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime field">prime field</a> GF(<i>p</i>) as <a href="/wiki/Camille_Jordan" title="Camille Jordan">Jordan</a> had done—but over the general <a href="/wiki/Finite_field" title="Finite field">finite field</a> GF(<i>p<sup>n</sup></i>), and he did this against the backdrop of a well-developed theory of these underlying <a href="/wiki/Field_(algebra)" class="mw-redirect" title="Field (algebra)">fields</a>. ... his book represented the first systematic treatment of <a href="/wiki/Finite_field" title="Finite field">finite fields</a> in the mathematical literature."</dd></dl> <p>An appendix in this book lists the non-abelian simple groups then known having order less than 1 billion. He listed 53 of the 56 having order less than 1 million. The remaining three were found in 1960, 1965, and 1967. </p><p>Dickson worked on <a href="/wiki/Finite_field" title="Finite field">finite fields</a> and extended the theory of <a href="/wiki/Linear_associative_algebra" class="mw-redirect" title="Linear associative algebra">linear associative algebras</a> initiated by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Wedderburn" title="Joseph Wedderburn">Joseph Wedderburn</a> and <a href="/wiki/%C3%89lie_Cartan" title="Élie Cartan">Cartan</a>. </p><p>He started the study of <a href="/wiki/Modular_invariants_of_a_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Modular invariants of a group">modular invariants of a group</a>. </p><p>In 1905, Wedderburn, then at Chicago on a Carnegie Fellowship, published a paper that included three claimed proofs of a theorem stating that all finite <a href="/wiki/Division_algebra" title="Division algebra">division algebras</a> were <a href="/wiki/Commutative" class="mw-redirect" title="Commutative">commutative</a>, now known as <a href="/wiki/Wedderburn%27s_little_theorem" title="Wedderburn's little theorem">Wedderburn's theorem</a>. The proofs all made clever use of the interplay between the <a href="/wiki/Ring_(mathematics)" title="Ring (mathematics)">additive group</a> of a finite <a href="/wiki/Division_algebra" title="Division algebra">division algebra</a> <i>A</i>, and the <a href="/wiki/Multiplicative_group" title="Multiplicative group">multiplicative group</a> <i>A</i>* = <i>A</i> − {0}. <a href="/wiki/Karen_Parshall" title="Karen Parshall">Karen Parshall</a> noted that the first of these three proofs had a gap not noticed at the time. Dickson also found a proof of this result but, believing Wedderburn's first proof to be correct, Dickson acknowledged Wedderburn's priority. But Dickson also noted that Wedderburn constructed his second and third proofs only after having seen Dickson's proof. She concluded that Dickson should be credited with the first correct proof.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dickson's search for a counterexample to Wedderburn's theorem led him to investigate <a href="/wiki/Algebra_over_a_field#Non-associative_algebras" title="Algebra over a field">nonassociative algebras</a>, and in a series of papers he found all possible three and four-dimensional (nonassociative) <a href="/wiki/Division_algebra" title="Division algebra">division algebras</a> over a <a href="/wiki/Field_(algebra)" class="mw-redirect" title="Field (algebra)">field</a>. </p><p>In 1919 Dickson constructed <a href="/wiki/Cayley_numbers" class="mw-redirect" title="Cayley numbers">Cayley numbers</a> by a doubling process starting with <a href="/wiki/Quaternion" title="Quaternion">quaternions</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbb {H} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">H</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbb {H} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e050965453c42bcc6bd544546703c836bdafeac9" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.808ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbb {H} }"></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His method was extended to a doubling of <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbb {R} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbb {R} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/786849c765da7a84dbc3cce43e96aad58a5868dc" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.678ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbb {R} }"></span> to produce <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbb {C} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">C</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbb {C} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f9add4085095b9b6d28d045fd9c92c2c09f549a7" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.678ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbb {C} }"></span>, and of <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbb {C} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">C</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbb {C} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f9add4085095b9b6d28d045fd9c92c2c09f549a7" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.678ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbb {C} }"></span> to produce <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbb {H} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">H</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbb {H} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e050965453c42bcc6bd544546703c836bdafeac9" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.808ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbb {H} }"></span> by <a href="/wiki/A._A._Albert" title="A. A. Albert">A. A. Albert</a> in 1922, and the procedure is known now as the <a href="/wiki/Cayley%E2%80%93Dickson_construction" title="Cayley–Dickson construction">Cayley–Dickson construction</a> of <a href="/wiki/Composition_algebra" title="Composition algebra">composition algebras</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_number_theorist">The number theorist</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonard_Eugene_Dickson&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: The number theorist"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dickson proved many interesting results in <a href="/wiki/Number_theory" title="Number theory">number theory</a>, using results of <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Matveyevich_Vinogradov" class="mw-redirect" title="Ivan Matveyevich Vinogradov">Vinogradov</a> to deduce the ideal <a href="/wiki/Waring%27s_problem" title="Waring's problem">Waring theorem</a> in his investigations of <a href="/wiki/Additive_number_theory" title="Additive number theory">additive number theory</a>. He proved the <a href="/wiki/Waring%27s_problem" title="Waring's problem">Waring's problem</a> for <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle k\geq 7}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>k</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>7</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle k\geq 7}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/06db050a26895b9d6fce75631b72804f5cebd934" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:5.472ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle k\geq 7}"></span> under the further condition of </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (3^{k}+1)/(2^{k}-1)\leq [1.5^{k}]+1}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msup> <mn>3</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>k</mi> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msup> <mn>2</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>k</mi> </mrow> </msup> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>≤</mo> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <msup> <mn>1.5</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>k</mi> </mrow> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">]</mo> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (3^{k}+1)/(2^{k}-1)\leq [1.5^{k}]+1}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8021540ebbe5e1cc9797e7ecf03deed1f63cfcbe" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:29.745ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (3^{k}+1)/(2^{k}-1)\leq [1.5^{k}]+1}"></span></dd></dl> <p>independently of <a href="/wiki/Subbayya_Sivasankaranarayana_Pillai" title="Subbayya Sivasankaranarayana Pillai">Subbayya Sivasankaranarayana Pillai</a> who proved it for <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle k\geq 6}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>k</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>6</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle k\geq 6}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e9b59397024d4b8318175d76d9adbc1554e547cd" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:5.472ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle k\geq 6}"></span> ahead of him.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The three-volume <i><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Theory_of_Numbers" title="History of the Theory of Numbers">History of the Theory of Numbers</a></i> (1919–23) is still much consulted today, covering divisibility and primality, <a href="/wiki/Diophantine_analysis" class="mw-redirect" title="Diophantine analysis">Diophantine analysis</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Quadratic_form" title="Quadratic form">quadratic</a> and higher forms. The work contains little interpretation and makes no attempt to contextualize the results being described, yet it contains essentially every significant number theoretic idea from the dawn of mathematics up to the 1920s except for quadratic reciprocity and higher reciprocity laws. A planned fourth volume on these topics was never written. <a href="/wiki/A._A._Albert" title="A. A. Albert">A. A. Albert</a> remarked that this three volume work "would be a life's work by itself for a more ordinary man." </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonard_Eugene_Dickson&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFDickson1958" class="citation cs2"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dickson, Leonard Eugene</a> (1958) [1901], <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Magnus" title="Wilhelm Magnus">Magnus, Wilhelm</a> (ed.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lineargroupswith00dickuoft"><i>Linear groups: With an exposition of the Galois field theory</i></a>, Dover Phoenix editions, New York: <a href="/wiki/Dover_Publications" title="Dover Publications">Dover Publications</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-486-49548-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-486-49548-4"><bdi>978-0-486-49548-4</bdi></a>, <a href="/wiki/MR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="MR (identifier)">MR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathscinet.ams.org/mathscinet-getitem?mr=0104735">0104735</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Linear+groups%3A+With+an+exposition+of+the+Galois+field+theory&rft.place=New+York&rft.series=Dover+Phoenix+editions&rft.pub=Dover+Publications&rft.date=1958&rft.isbn=978-0-486-49548-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmathscinet.ams.org%2Fmathscinet-getitem%3Fmr%3D0104735%23id-name%3DMR&rft.aulast=Dickson&rft.aufirst=Leonard+Eugene&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flineargroupswith00dickuoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeonard+Eugene+Dickson" class="Z3988"></span><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/000421365"><i>online hathitrust</i></a>. B.G. Teubner's Sammlung von lehrbüchern auf dem gebiete der mathematischen wissenschaften mit einschluss ihrer anwendungen. Bd. VI. B. G. Teubner. 1901.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=online+hathitrust&rft.series=B.G.+Teubner%27s+Sammlung+von+lehrb%C3%BCchern+auf+dem+gebiete+der+mathematischen+wissenschaften+mit+einschluss+ihrer+anwendungen.+Bd.+VI&rft.pub=B.+G.+Teubner&rft.date=1901&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcatalog.hathitrust.org%2FRecord%2F000421365&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeonard+Eugene+Dickson" class="Z3988"></span>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDickson1903" class="citation cs2"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dickson, Leonard Eugene</a> (1903) [1903], <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/introductiontoth00dickuoft"><i>Introduction to the theory of algebraic equations</i></a>, New York: <a href="/wiki/John_Wiley_%26_Sons" class="mw-redirect" title="John Wiley & Sons">John Wiley & Sons</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+the+theory+of+algebraic+equations&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=1903&rft.aulast=Dickson&rft.aufirst=Leonard+Eugene&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fintroductiontoth00dickuoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeonard+Eugene+Dickson" class="Z3988"></span><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/000422480"><i>online hathitrust</i></a>. J. Wiley & Sons. 1903.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=online+hathitrust&rft.pub=J.+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=1903&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcatalog.hathitrust.org%2FRecord%2F000422480&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeonard+Eugene+Dickson" class="Z3988"></span>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDickson2010" class="citation cs2"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dickson, Leonard Eugene</a> (2010) [1914], <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cu31924001557515"><i>Linear algebras</i></a>, Reprinting of Cambridge Tracts in Mathematics and Mathematical Physics, No. 16, Naub press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-178-36805-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-178-36805-5"><bdi>978-1-178-36805-5</bdi></a>, <a href="/wiki/MR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="MR (identifier)">MR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathscinet.ams.org/mathscinet-getitem?mr=0118745">0118745</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Linear+algebras&rft.series=Reprinting+of+Cambridge+Tracts+in+Mathematics+and+Mathematical+Physics%2C+No.+16&rft.pub=Naub+press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-178-36805-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmathscinet.ams.org%2Fmathscinet-getitem%3Fmr%3D0118745%23id-name%3DMR&rft.aulast=Dickson&rft.aufirst=Leonard+Eugene&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcu31924001557515&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeonard+Eugene+Dickson" class="Z3988"></span><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDickson2010" class="citation cs2"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dickson, Leonard Eugene</a> (2010) [1914], <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://projecteuclid.org/euclid.chmm/1263317248"><i>Algebraic invariants</i></a>, Cornell University Library, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4297-0042-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4297-0042-9"><bdi>978-1-4297-0042-9</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Algebraic+invariants&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Library&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-4297-0042-9&rft.aulast=Dickson&rft.aufirst=Leonard+Eugene&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fprojecteuclid.org%2Feuclid.chmm%2F1263317248&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeonard+Eugene+Dickson" class="Z3988"></span><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDickson2004" class="citation cs2"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dickson, Leonard Eugene</a> (2004) [1914], <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/madisoncolloquiu00amer"><i>On invariants and the theory of numbers</i></a>, Dover Phoenix editions, New York: <a href="/wiki/Dover_Publications" title="Dover Publications">Dover Publications</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-486-43828-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-486-43828-3"><bdi>978-0-486-43828-3</bdi></a>, <a href="/wiki/MR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="MR (identifier)">MR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathscinet.ams.org/mathscinet-getitem?mr=0201389">0201389</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=On+invariants+and+the+theory+of+numbers&rft.place=New+York&rft.series=Dover+Phoenix+editions&rft.pub=Dover+Publications&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-486-43828-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmathscinet.ams.org%2Fmathscinet-getitem%3Fmr%3D0201389%23id-name%3DMR&rft.aulast=Dickson&rft.aufirst=Leonard+Eugene&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmadisoncolloquiu00amer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeonard+Eugene+Dickson" class="Z3988"></span><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDickson2009" class="citation cs2"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dickson, Leonard Eugene</a> (2009) [1914], <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/elementarytheory00dickuoft"><i>Elementary theory of equations</i></a>, Cornell University Library, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-112-27988-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-112-27988-1"><bdi>978-1-112-27988-1</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Elementary+theory+of+equations&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Library&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-112-27988-1&rft.aulast=Dickson&rft.aufirst=Leonard+Eugene&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Felementarytheory00dickuoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeonard+Eugene+Dickson" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDickson2005" class="citation cs2"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dickson, Leonard Eugene</a> (2005) [1919], <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyoftheoryo01dick"><i>History of the theory of numbers. Vol. I: Divisibility and primality.</i></a>, New York: <a href="/wiki/Dover_Publications" title="Dover Publications">Dover Publications</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-486-44232-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-486-44232-7"><bdi>978-0-486-44232-7</bdi></a>, <a href="/wiki/MR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="MR (identifier)">MR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathscinet.ams.org/mathscinet-getitem?mr=0245499">0245499</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+theory+of+numbers.+Vol.+I%3A+Divisibility+and+primality.&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Dover+Publications&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-486-44232-7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmathscinet.ams.org%2Fmathscinet-getitem%3Fmr%3D0245499%23id-name%3DMR&rft.aulast=Dickson&rft.aufirst=Leonard+Eugene&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryoftheoryo01dick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeonard+Eugene+Dickson" class="Z3988"></span><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDickson2005" class="citation cs2"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dickson, Leonard Eugene</a> (2005) [1920], <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyoftheoryo02dickuoft"><i>History of the theory of numbers. Vol. II: Diophantine analysis</i></a>, New York: <a href="/wiki/Dover_Publications" title="Dover Publications">Dover Publications</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-486-44233-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-486-44233-4"><bdi>978-0-486-44233-4</bdi></a>, <a href="/wiki/MR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="MR (identifier)">MR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathscinet.ams.org/mathscinet-getitem?mr=0245500">0245500</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+theory+of+numbers.+Vol.+II%3A+Diophantine+analysis&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Dover+Publications&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-486-44233-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmathscinet.ams.org%2Fmathscinet-getitem%3Fmr%3D0245500%23id-name%3DMR&rft.aulast=Dickson&rft.aufirst=Leonard+Eugene&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryoftheoryo02dickuoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeonard+Eugene+Dickson" class="Z3988"></span><sup id="cite_ref-ReviewHistoryNumbersvols2and3_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReviewHistoryNumbersvols2and3-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDickson2005" class="citation cs2"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dickson, Leonard Eugene</a> (2005) [1923], <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyoftheoryo03dickuoft"><i>History of the theory of numbers. Vol. III: Quadratic and higher forms</i></a>, New York: <a href="/wiki/Dover_Publications" title="Dover Publications">Dover Publications</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-486-44234-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-486-44234-1"><bdi>978-0-486-44234-1</bdi></a>, <a href="/wiki/MR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="MR (identifier)">MR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathscinet.ams.org/mathscinet-getitem?mr=0245501">0245501</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+theory+of+numbers.+Vol.+III%3A+Quadratic+and+higher+forms&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Dover+Publications&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-486-44234-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmathscinet.ams.org%2Fmathscinet-getitem%3Fmr%3D0245501%23id-name%3DMR&rft.aulast=Dickson&rft.aufirst=Leonard+Eugene&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryoftheoryo03dickuoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeonard+Eugene+Dickson" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDickson2009" class="citation cs2"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dickson, Leonard Eugene</a> (2009) [1922], <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/firstcourseinthe00dickuoft"><i>First course in the theory of equations</i></a>, University of Michigan Library</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=First+course+in+the+theory+of+equations&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan+Library&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Dickson&rft.aufirst=Leonard+Eugene&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffirstcourseinthe00dickuoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeonard+Eugene+Dickson" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDickson1960" class="citation cs2"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dickson, Leonard Eugene</a> (1960) [1923], <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/117770259"><i>Algebras and their arithmetics</i></a>, New York: <a href="/wiki/Dover_Publications" title="Dover Publications">Dover Publications</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-486-60616-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-486-60616-3"><bdi>978-0-486-60616-3</bdi></a>, <a href="/wiki/MR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="MR (identifier)">MR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathscinet.ams.org/mathscinet-getitem?mr=0111764">0111764</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Algebras+and+their+arithmetics&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Dover+Publications&rft.date=1960&rft.isbn=978-0-486-60616-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmathscinet.ams.org%2Fmathscinet-getitem%3Fmr%3D0111764%23id-name%3DMR&rft.aulast=Dickson&rft.aufirst=Leonard+Eugene&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2F117770259&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeonard+Eugene+Dickson" class="Z3988"></span><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1926. <i>Modern algebraic theories</i><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1923, 1928. <i>Algebraic Numbers</i>. Report with others for U. S. National Research Council.</li> <li>1929. <i>Introduction to the Theory of Numbers</i><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1930. <i>Studies in the Theory of Numbers</i><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1935. (with <a href="/wiki/G._A._Bliss" class="mw-redirect" title="G. A. Bliss">G. A. Bliss</a>) "Biographical Memoir of Eliakim Hastings Moore 1862–1932."</li> <li>1935. <i>Researches on Waring's problem</i></li> <li>1938. (with <a href="/wiki/Hans_Frederick_Blichfeldt" title="Hans Frederick Blichfeldt">Hans Frederick Blichfeldt</a> and <a href="/wiki/George_Abram_Miller" title="George Abram Miller">George Abram Miller</a>) <i>Theory and Applications of Finite Groups</i></li> <li>1938. <i>Algebras And Their Arithmetics</i> (1st edn. in 1923)</li> <li>1939. <i>Modern Elementary Theory of Numbers</i></li> <li>1939. <i>New First Course in the Theory of Equations</i></li> <li><i>Plane Trigonometry With Practical Applications</i></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDickson1975" class="citation cs2"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dickson, Leonard Eugene</a> (1975), Albert, A. Adrian (ed.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ams.org/bookstore-getitem/item=CHEL-273"><i>The collected mathematical papers of Leonard Eugene Dickson</i></a>, vol. I–VI, New York: AMS Chelsea Publishing, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8284-0273-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8284-0273-6"><bdi>978-0-8284-0273-6</bdi></a>, <a href="/wiki/MR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="MR (identifier)">MR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathscinet.ams.org/mathscinet-getitem?mr=0749229">0749229</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+collected+mathematical+papers+of+Leonard+Eugene+Dickson&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=AMS+Chelsea+Publishing&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=978-0-8284-0273-6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmathscinet.ams.org%2Fmathscinet-getitem%3Fmr%3D0749229%23id-name%3DMR&rft.aulast=Dickson&rft.aufirst=Leonard+Eugene&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ams.org%2Fbookstore-getitem%2Fitem%3DCHEL-273&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeonard+Eugene+Dickson" class="Z3988"></span> <a href="/wiki/MR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="MR (identifier)">MR</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathscinet.ams.org/mathscinet-getitem?mr=0441665">0441665</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonard_Eugene_Dickson&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-agnesscott.edu-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-agnesscott.edu_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.agnesscott.edu/lriddle/women/sander.htm">"Mildred Leonora Sanderson"</a>. <i>www.agnesscott.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 14,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.agnesscott.edu&rft.atitle=Mildred+Leonora+Sanderson&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.agnesscott.edu%2Flriddle%2Fwomen%2Fsander.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeonard+Eugene+Dickson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AAA-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AAA_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/A._A._Albert" title="A. A. Albert">A. A. Albert</a> (1955) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nasonline.org/publications/biographical-memoirs/memoir-pdfs/dickson-leonard.pdf">Leonard Eugene Dickson 1874–1954</a> from <a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Sciences" title="National Academy of Sciences">National Academy of Sciences</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Karen Parshall (1999) "Leonard Eugene Dickson" in <i>American National Biography</i>, volume 6, <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>, pp 578–79</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DDF-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DDF_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DDF_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFenster1997" class="citation journal cs1">Fenster, D. D. (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1006%2Fhmat.1997.2120">"Role modeling in mathematics: the case of Leonard Eugene Dickson (1874–1954)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Historia_Mathematica" title="Historia Mathematica">Historia Mathematica</a></i>. <b>24</b>: 7–24. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1006%2Fhmat.1997.2120">10.1006/hmat.1997.2120</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Historia+Mathematica&rft.atitle=Role+modeling+in+mathematics%3A+the+case+of+Leonard+Eugene+Dickson+%281874%E2%80%931954%29&rft.volume=24&rft.pages=7-24&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1006%2Fhmat.1997.2120&rft.aulast=Fenster&rft.aufirst=D.+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1006%252Fhmat.1997.2120&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeonard+Eugene+Dickson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParshall1983" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Karen_Parshall" title="Karen Parshall">Parshall, Karen</a> (1983). "In pursuit of the finite division algebra theorem and beyond: Joseph H M Wedderburn, Leonard Dickson, and Oswald Veblen". <i>Archives of International History of Science</i>. <b>33</b>: 274–99.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+International+History+of+Science&rft.atitle=In+pursuit+of+the+finite+division+algebra+theorem+and+beyond%3A+Joseph+H+M+Wedderburn%2C+Leonard+Dickson%2C+and+Oswald+Veblen&rft.volume=33&rft.pages=274-99&rft.date=1983&rft.aulast=Parshall&rft.aufirst=Karen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeonard+Eugene+Dickson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDickson1919" class="citation cs2">Dickson, L. E. (1919), "On Quaternions and Their Generalization and the History of the Eight Square Theorem", <i><a href="/wiki/Annals_of_Mathematics" title="Annals of Mathematics">Annals of Mathematics</a></i>, 2nd, <b>20</b> (3): 155–171, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1967865">10.2307/1967865</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0003-486X">0003-486X</a>, <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1967865">1967865</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+Mathematics&rft.atitle=On+Quaternions+and+Their+Generalization+and+the+History+of+the+Eight+Square+Theorem&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=155-171&rft.date=1919&rft.issn=0003-486X&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1967865%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1967865&rft.aulast=Dickson&rft.aufirst=L.+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeonard+Eugene+Dickson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BkBSfFjT1BgC&pg=PA95"><i>Number Theory</i></a>. Universities Press. 2003. pp. 95–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7371-454-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7371-454-2"><bdi>978-81-7371-454-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 15,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Number+Theory&rft.pages=95-&rft.pub=Universities+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-81-7371-454-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBkBSfFjT1BgC%26pg%3DPA95&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeonard+Eugene+Dickson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller,_G._A.1902" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_Abram_Miller" title="George Abram Miller">Miller, G. A.</a> (1902). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ams.org/journals/bull/1902-09-03/S0002-9904-1902-00970-1/S0002-9904-1902-00970-1.pdf">"Review: <i>Linear Groups with an Exposition of the Galois Field Theory</i>, by L. E. Dickson"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Bull. Amer. Math. Soc</i>. <b>9</b> (2): 165–172. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1090%2Fs0002-9904-1902-00970-1">10.1090/s0002-9904-1902-00970-1</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bull.+Amer.+Math.+Soc.&rft.atitle=Review%3A+Linear+Groups+with+an+Exposition+of+the+Galois+Field+Theory%2C+by+L.+E.+Dickson&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=165-172&rft.date=1902&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1090%2Fs0002-9904-1902-00970-1&rft.au=Miller%2C+G.+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ams.org%2Fjournals%2Fbull%2F1902-09-03%2FS0002-9904-1902-00970-1%2FS0002-9904-1902-00970-1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeonard+Eugene+Dickson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Karen Parshall (1991) "A study in group theory: Leonard Eugene Dickson's Linear groups", <a href="/wiki/Mathematical_Intelligencer" class="mw-redirect" title="Mathematical Intelligencer">Mathematical Intelligencer</a> 13: 7–11</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller,_G._A.1904" class="citation journal cs1">Miller, G. A. (1904). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ams.org/journals/bull/1904-10-08/S0002-9904-1904-01143-X/S0002-9904-1904-01143-X.pdf">"Review: <i>Introduction to the Theory of Algebraic Equations</i>, by L. E. Dickson"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Bull. Amer. Math. Soc</i>. <b>10</b> (8): 411–412. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1090%2Fs0002-9904-1904-01143-x">10.1090/s0002-9904-1904-01143-x</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bull.+Amer.+Math.+Soc.&rft.atitle=Review%3A+Introduction+to+the+Theory+of+Algebraic+Equations%2C+by+L.+E.+Dickson&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=411-412&rft.date=1904&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1090%2Fs0002-9904-1904-01143-x&rft.au=Miller%2C+G.+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ams.org%2Fjournals%2Fbull%2F1904-10-08%2FS0002-9904-1904-01143-X%2FS0002-9904-1904-01143-X.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeonard+Eugene+Dickson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGraustein,_William_Caspar1915" class="citation journal cs1">Graustein, William Caspar (1915). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ams.org/journals/bull/1915-21-10/S0002-9904-1915-02690-X/S0002-9904-1915-02690-X.pdf">"Review: <i>Linear Algebra</i>, by L. E. Dickson"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Bull. Amer. Math. Soc</i>. <b>21</b> (10): 511–522. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1090%2Fs0002-9904-1915-02690-x">10.1090/s0002-9904-1915-02690-x</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bull.+Amer.+Math.+Soc.&rft.atitle=Review%3A+Linear+Algebra%2C+by+L.+E.+Dickson&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=511-522&rft.date=1915&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1090%2Fs0002-9904-1915-02690-x&rft.au=Graustein%2C+William+Caspar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ams.org%2Fjournals%2Fbull%2F1915-21-10%2FS0002-9904-1915-02690-X%2FS0002-9904-1915-02690-X.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeonard+Eugene+Dickson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarmichael,_R._D.1916" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Daniel_Carmichael" title="Robert Daniel Carmichael">Carmichael, R. D.</a> (1916). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ams.org/journals/bull/1916-22-04/S0002-9904-1916-02758-3/S0002-9904-1916-02758-3.pdf">"Review: <i>Algebraic Invariants</i>, by L. E. Dickson"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Bull. Amer. Math. Soc</i>. <b>22</b> (4): 197–199. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1090%2Fs0002-9904-1916-02758-3">10.1090/s0002-9904-1916-02758-3</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bull.+Amer.+Math.+Soc.&rft.atitle=Review%3A+Algebraic+Invariants%2C+by+L.+E.+Dickson&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=197-199&rft.date=1916&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1090%2Fs0002-9904-1916-02758-3&rft.au=Carmichael%2C+R.+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ams.org%2Fjournals%2Fbull%2F1916-22-04%2FS0002-9904-1916-02758-3%2FS0002-9904-1916-02758-3.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeonard+Eugene+Dickson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGlenn,_Oliver_Edmunds1915" class="citation journal cs1">Glenn, Oliver Edmunds (1915). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ams.org/journals/bull/1915-21-09/S0002-9904-1915-02689-3/S0002-9904-1915-02689-3.pdf">"Review: <i>Part I: On Invariants and the Theory of Numbers</i>, by L. E. Dickson"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Bull. Amer. Math. Soc</i>. <b>21</b> (9): 464–470. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1090%2Fs0002-9904-1915-02689-3">10.1090/s0002-9904-1915-02689-3</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bull.+Amer.+Math.+Soc.&rft.atitle=Review%3A+Part+I%3A+On+Invariants+and+the+Theory+of+Numbers%2C+by+L.+E.+Dickson&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=464-470&rft.date=1915&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1090%2Fs0002-9904-1915-02689-3&rft.au=Glenn%2C+Oliver+Edmunds&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ams.org%2Fjournals%2Fbull%2F1915-21-09%2FS0002-9904-1915-02689-3%2FS0002-9904-1915-02689-3.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeonard+Eugene+Dickson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLehmer,_D._N.1919" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Derrick_Norman_Lehmer" title="Derrick Norman Lehmer">Lehmer, D. N.</a> (1919). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ams.org/journals/bull/1919-26-03/S0002-9904-1919-03280-7/S0002-9904-1919-03280-7.pdf">"Review: <i>History of the Theory of Numbers</i>, by L. E. Dickson. Volume I"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Bull. Amer. Math. Soc</i>. <b>26</b> (3): 125–132. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1090%2Fs0002-9904-1919-03280-7">10.1090/s0002-9904-1919-03280-7</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bull.+Amer.+Math.+Soc.&rft.atitle=Review%3A+History+of+the+Theory+of+Numbers%2C+by+L.+E.+Dickson.+Volume+I&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=125-132&rft.date=1919&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1090%2Fs0002-9904-1919-03280-7&rft.au=Lehmer%2C+D.+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ams.org%2Fjournals%2Fbull%2F1919-26-03%2FS0002-9904-1919-03280-7%2FS0002-9904-1919-03280-7.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeonard+Eugene+Dickson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReviewHistoryNumbersvols2and3-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ReviewHistoryNumbersvols2and3_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVandiver,_H._S.1924" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Harry_Vandiver" title="Harry Vandiver">Vandiver, H. S.</a> (1924). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ams.org/journals/bull/1924-30-01/S0002-9904-1924-03852-X/S0002-9904-1924-03852-X.pdf">"Review; <i>History of the Theory of Numbers</i>, by L. E. Dickson. Volume II, <i>Diophantine Analysis</i>. Volume III, <i>Quadratic and Higher Forms</i>, (with a chapter on the class number by George Hoffman Cresse)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Bull. Amer. Math. Soc</i>. <b>30</b> (1): 65–70. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1090%2FS0002-9904-1924-03852-X">10.1090/S0002-9904-1924-03852-X</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bull.+Amer.+Math.+Soc.&rft.atitle=Review%3B+History+of+the+Theory+of+Numbers%2C+by+L.+E.+Dickson.+Volume+II%2C+Diophantine+Analysis.+Volume+III%2C+Quadratic+and+Higher+Forms%2C+%28with+a+chapter+on+the+class+number+by+George+Hoffman+Cresse%29&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=65-70&rft.date=1924&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1090%2FS0002-9904-1924-03852-X&rft.au=Vandiver%2C+H.+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ams.org%2Fjournals%2Fbull%2F1924-30-01%2FS0002-9904-1924-03852-X%2FS0002-9904-1924-03852-X.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeonard+Eugene+Dickson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHazlett,_O._C.1924" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Olive_Hazlett" title="Olive Hazlett">Hazlett, O. C.</a> (1924). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ams.org/journals/bull/1924-30-05/S0002-9904-1924-03899-3/S0002-9904-1924-03899-3.pdf">"Review: <i>Algebras and their Arithmetics</i>, by L. E. Dickson and <i>Corpi Numerici e Algebre</i>, by Gaetano Scorza"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Bull. Amer. Math. Soc</i>. <b>30</b> (5): 263–270. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1090%2FS0002-9904-1924-03899-3">10.1090/S0002-9904-1924-03899-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bull.+Amer.+Math.+Soc.&rft.atitle=Review%3A+Algebras+and+their+Arithmetics%2C+by+L.+E.+Dickson+and+Corpi+Numerici+e+Algebre%2C+by+Gaetano+Scorza&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=263-270&rft.date=1924&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1090%2FS0002-9904-1924-03899-3&rft.au=Hazlett%2C+O.+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ams.org%2Fjournals%2Fbull%2F1924-30-05%2FS0002-9904-1924-03899-3%2FS0002-9904-1924-03899-3.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeonard+Eugene+Dickson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBell,_E._T.1926" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Eric_Temple_Bell" title="Eric Temple Bell">Bell, E. T.</a> (1926). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ams.org/journals/bull/1926-32-06/S0002-9904-1926-04303-2/S0002-9904-1926-04303-2.pdf">"Review: <i>Modern Algebraic Theories</i>, by L. E. Dickson"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Bull. Amer. Math. Soc</i>. <b>32</b> (6): 707–710. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1090%2Fs0002-9904-1926-04303-2">10.1090/s0002-9904-1926-04303-2</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bull.+Amer.+Math.+Soc.&rft.atitle=Review%3A+Modern+Algebraic+Theories%2C+by+L.+E.+Dickson&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=707-710&rft.date=1926&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1090%2Fs0002-9904-1926-04303-2&rft.au=Bell%2C+E.+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ams.org%2Fjournals%2Fbull%2F1926-32-06%2FS0002-9904-1926-04303-2%2FS0002-9904-1926-04303-2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeonard+Eugene+Dickson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBell,_E._T.1930" class="citation journal cs1">Bell, E. T. (1930). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ams.org/journals/bull/1930-36-07/S0002-9904-1930-04968-X/S0002-9904-1930-04968-X.pdf">"Review: <i>Introduction to the Theory of Numbers</i>, by L. E. Dickson"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Bull. Amer. Math. Soc</i>. <b>36</b> (7): 455–459. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1090%2Fs0002-9904-1930-04968-x">10.1090/s0002-9904-1930-04968-x</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bull.+Amer.+Math.+Soc.&rft.atitle=Review%3A+Introduction+to+the+Theory+of+Numbers%2C+by+L.+E.+Dickson&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=455-459&rft.date=1930&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1090%2Fs0002-9904-1930-04968-x&rft.au=Bell%2C+E.+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ams.org%2Fjournals%2Fbull%2F1930-36-07%2FS0002-9904-1930-04968-X%2FS0002-9904-1930-04968-X.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeonard+Eugene+Dickson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUspensky,_J._V.1932" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/J._V._Uspensky" title="J. V. Uspensky">Uspensky, J. V.</a> (1932). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ams.org/journals/bull/1932-38-07/S0002-9904-1932-05419-2/S0002-9904-1932-05419-2.pdf">"Review: <i>Studies in the Theory of Numbers</i>, by L. E. Dickson"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Bull. Amer. Math. Soc</i>. <b>38</b> (7): 463–465. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1090%2Fs0002-9904-1932-05419-2">10.1090/s0002-9904-1932-05419-2</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bull.+Amer.+Math.+Soc.&rft.atitle=Review%3A+Studies+in+the+Theory+of+Numbers%2C+by+L.+E.+Dickson&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=463-465&rft.date=1932&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1090%2Fs0002-9904-1932-05419-2&rft.au=Uspensky%2C+J.+V.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ams.org%2Fjournals%2Fbull%2F1932-38-07%2FS0002-9904-1932-05419-2%2FS0002-9904-1932-05419-2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeonard+Eugene+Dickson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span 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/></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Leonard_Eugene_Dickson" class="extiw" title="s:Author:Leonard Eugene Dickson">Texts</a> from Wikisource</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/q891058" class="extiw" title="d:q891058">Data</a> from Wikidata</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'ConnorRobertson" class="citation cs2">O'Connor, John J.; <a href="/wiki/Edmund_F._Robertson" title="Edmund F. Robertson">Robertson, Edmund F.</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Dickson.html">"Leonard Eugene Dickson"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/MacTutor_History_of_Mathematics_Archive" title="MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive">MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_St_Andrews" title="University of St Andrews">University of St Andrews</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Leonard+Eugene+Dickson&rft.btitle=MacTutor+History+of+Mathematics+Archive&rft.pub=University+of+St+Andrews&rft.aulast=O%27Connor&rft.aufirst=John+J.&rft.au=Robertson%2C+Edmund+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk%2FBiographies%2FDickson.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeonard+Eugene+Dickson" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathgenealogy.org/id.php?id=5695">Leonard Eugene Dickson</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Mathematics_Genealogy_Project" title="Mathematics Genealogy Project">Mathematics Genealogy Project</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/34169">Works by Leonard Eugene Dickson</a> at <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Dickson%2C%20Leonard%20Eugene%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Dickson%2C%20Leonard%20E%2E%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Dickson%2C%20L%2E%20E%2E%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Leonard%20Eugene%20Dickson%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Leonard%20E%2E%20Dickson%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22L%2E%20E%2E%20Dickson%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Dickson%2C%20Leonard%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Leonard%20Dickson%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Leonard%20Eugene%20Dickson%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Leonard%20E%2E%20Dickson%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22L%2E%20E%2E%20Dickson%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22L%2E%20Eugene%20Dickson%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Dickson%2C%20Leonard%20Eugene%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Dickson%2C%20Leonard%20E%2E%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Dickson%2C%20L%2E%20E%2E%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Dickson%2C%20L%2E%20Eugene%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Leonard%20Dickson%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Dickson%2C%20Leonard%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Leonard%20Eugene%20Dickson%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Leonard%20E%2E%20Dickson%22%20OR%20title%3A%22L%2E%20E%2E%20Dickson%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Leonard%20Dickson%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Leonard%20Eugene%20Dickson%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Leonard%20E%2E%20Dickson%22%20OR%20description%3A%22L%2E%20E%2E%20Dickson%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Dickson%2C%20Leonard%20Eugene%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Dickson%2C%20Leonard%20E%2E%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Leonard%20Dickson%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Dickson%2C%20Leonard%22%29%20OR%20%28%221874-1954%22%20AND%20Dickson%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about Leonard Eugene Dickson</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Presidents_of_the_American_Mathematical_Society" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:AMS_Presidents" title="Template:AMS Presidents"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:AMS_Presidents" title="Template talk:AMS Presidents"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:AMS_Presidents" title="Special:EditPage/Template:AMS Presidents"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Presidents_of_the_American_Mathematical_Society" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Presidents of the <a href="/wiki/American_Mathematical_Society" title="American Mathematical Society">American Mathematical Society</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1888–1900</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Howard_Van_Amringe" title="John Howard Van Amringe">John Howard Van Amringe</a> (1888–1890)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Emory_McClintock" title="Emory McClintock">Emory McClintock</a> (1891–1894)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_William_Hill" title="George William Hill">George William Hill</a> (1895–1896)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Simon_Newcomb" title="Simon Newcomb">Simon Newcomb</a> (1897–1898)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Simpson_Woodward" title="Robert Simpson Woodward">Robert Simpson Woodward</a> (1899–1900)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1901–1924</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/E._H._Moore" title="E. H. Moore">E. H. Moore</a> (1901–1902)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Fiske" title="Thomas Fiske">Thomas Fiske</a> (1903–1904)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Fogg_Osgood" title="William Fogg Osgood">William Fogg Osgood</a> (1905–1906)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Seely_White" title="Henry Seely White">Henry Seely White</a> (1907–1908)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maxime_B%C3%B4cher" title="Maxime Bôcher">Maxime Bôcher</a> (1909–1910)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Burchard_Fine" title="Henry Burchard Fine">Henry Burchard Fine</a> (1911–1912)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Burr_Van_Vleck" title="Edward Burr Van Vleck">Edward Burr Van Vleck</a> (1913–1914)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ernest_William_Brown" title="Ernest William Brown">Ernest William Brown</a> (1915–1916)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Leonard Eugene Dickson</a> (1917–1918)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Morley" title="Frank Morley">Frank Morley</a> (1919–1920)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Ames_Bliss" title="Gilbert Ames Bliss">Gilbert Ames Bliss</a> (1921–1922)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Oswald_Veblen" title="Oswald Veblen">Oswald Veblen</a> (1923–1924)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1925–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_David_Birkhoff" title="George David Birkhoff">George David Birkhoff</a> (1925–1926)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Virgil_Snyder" title="Virgil Snyder">Virgil Snyder</a> (1927–1928)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Earle_Raymond_Hedrick" title="Earle Raymond Hedrick">Earle Raymond Hedrick</a> (1929–1930)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luther_P._Eisenhart" title="Luther P. Eisenhart">Luther P. Eisenhart</a> (1931–1932)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Byron_Coble" title="Arthur Byron Coble">Arthur Byron Coble</a> (1933–1934)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Lefschetz" title="Solomon Lefschetz">Solomon Lefschetz</a> (1935–1936)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Lee_Moore" title="Robert Lee Moore">Robert Lee Moore</a> (1937–1938)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Griffith_C._Evans" title="Griffith C. Evans">Griffith C. Evans</a> (1939–1940)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marston_Morse" title="Marston Morse">Marston Morse</a> (1941–1942)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marshall_H._Stone" title="Marshall H. Stone">Marshall H. Stone</a> (1943–1944)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Theophil_Henry_Hildebrandt" title="Theophil Henry Hildebrandt">Theophil Henry Hildebrandt</a> (1945–1946)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Einar_Hille" title="Einar Hille">Einar Hille</a> (1947–1948)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_L._Walsh" title="Joseph L. Walsh">Joseph L. Walsh</a> (1949–1950)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1951–1974</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_von_Neumann" title="John von Neumann">John von Neumann</a> (1951–1952)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Thomas_Whyburn" class="mw-redirect" title="Gordon Thomas Whyburn">Gordon Thomas Whyburn</a> (1953–1954)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Louis_Wilder" title="Raymond Louis Wilder">Raymond Louis Wilder</a> (1955–1956)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Brauer" title="Richard Brauer">Richard Brauer</a> (1957–1958)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edward_J._McShane" title="Edward J. McShane">Edward J. McShane</a> (1959–1960)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Deane_Montgomery" title="Deane Montgomery">Deane Montgomery</a> (1961–1962)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_L._Doob" title="Joseph L. Doob">Joseph L. Doob</a> (1963–1964)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Adrian_Albert" class="mw-redirect" title="Abraham Adrian Albert">Abraham Adrian Albert</a> (1965–1966)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_B._Morrey_Jr." title="Charles B. Morrey Jr.">Charles B. Morrey Jr.</a> (1967–1968)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Zariski" title="Oscar Zariski">Oscar Zariski</a> (1969–1970)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Jacobson" title="Nathan Jacobson">Nathan Jacobson</a> (1971–1972)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Saunders_Mac_Lane" title="Saunders Mac Lane">Saunders Mac Lane</a> (1973–1974)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1975–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lipman_Bers" title="Lipman Bers">Lipman Bers</a> (1975–1976)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/R._H._Bing" title="R. H. Bing">R. H. Bing</a> (1977–1978)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Lax" title="Peter Lax">Peter Lax</a> (1979–1980)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_M._Gleason" title="Andrew M. Gleason">Andrew M. Gleason</a> (1981–1982)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Julia_Robinson" title="Julia Robinson">Julia Robinson</a> (1983–1984)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Irving_Kaplansky" title="Irving Kaplansky">Irving Kaplansky</a> (1985–1986)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Mostow" title="George Mostow">George Mostow</a> (1987–1988)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Browder_(mathematician)" title="William Browder (mathematician)">William Browder</a> (1989–1990)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Artin" title="Michael Artin">Michael Artin</a> (1991–1992)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Graham" title="Ronald Graham">Ronald Graham</a> (1993–1994)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cathleen_Synge_Morawetz" title="Cathleen Synge Morawetz">Cathleen Synge Morawetz</a> (1995–1996)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Jaffe" title="Arthur Jaffe">Arthur Jaffe</a> (1997–1998)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Felix_Browder" title="Felix Browder">Felix Browder</a> (1999–2000)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–2024</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hyman_Bass" title="Hyman Bass">Hyman Bass</a> (2001–2002)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Eisenbud" title="David Eisenbud">David Eisenbud</a> (2003–2004)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Arthur_(mathematician)" title="James Arthur (mathematician)">James Arthur</a> (2005–2006)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Glimm" title="James Glimm">James Glimm</a> (2007–2008)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Andrews_(mathematician)" title="George Andrews (mathematician)">George Andrews</a> (2009–2010)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eric_Friedlander" title="Eric Friedlander">Eric Friedlander</a> (2011–2012)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Vogan" title="David Vogan">David Vogan</a> (2013–2014)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bryant_(mathematician)" title="Robert Bryant (mathematician)">Robert Bryant</a> (2015–2016)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ken_Ribet" title="Ken Ribet">Ken Ribet</a> (2017–2018)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jill_Pipher" title="Jill Pipher">Jill Pipher</a> (2019–2020)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Charney" title="Ruth Charney">Ruth Charney</a> (2021–2022)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bryna_Kra" title="Bryna Kra">Bryna Kra</a> (2023–2024)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q891058#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q891058#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q891058#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/116098341">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n83828837">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12386293f">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12386293f">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Dickson, Leonard Eugene <1874-1954>"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/PUVV007762">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35035517">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=mub2013747516&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p067914632">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/rp36b4n90gr3x7n">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810646510205606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007277237905171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA0231664X?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mathgenealogy.org/id.php?id=5695">Mathematics Genealogy Project</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=16653958400">Scopus</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zbmath.org/authors/?q=ai:dickson.leonard-eugene">zbMATH</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathscinet.ams.org/mathscinet/MRAuthorID/57795">MathSciNet</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/807894">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd116098341.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/116098341">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/032930364">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w69k4rsd">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Leonard_Eugene_Dickson&oldid=1251797657">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Leonard_Eugene_Dickson&oldid=1251797657</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1874_births" title="Category:1874 births">1874 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1954_deaths" title="Category:1954 deaths">1954 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:19th-century_American_mathematicians" 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