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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">gøym</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigering </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hovudside" title="Gå til hovudsida [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Hovudside</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Arbeidskontoret" title="Om prosjektet, kva du kan gjera, kvar du finn saker og ting"><span>Arbeidskontoret</span></a></li><li id="n-samfunnshuset" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Samfunnshuset"><span>Samfunnshuset</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Siste_endringar" title="Liste over dei siste endringane som er gjorde på wikien. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Siste endringar</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Tilfeldig_side" title="Vis ei tilfeldig side [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Tilfeldig side</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hjelp:Innhald" title="Hjelp til å bruke alle funksjonane."><span>Hjelp</span></a></li><li id="n-kontakt" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kontakt"><span>Kontakt</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-query" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-query emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Eksterne søk </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> På andre prosjekt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Polska" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q36" title="Lenkje til tilknytt element [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-element</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Hovudside" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="det frie oppslagsverket" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-nn.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:S%C3%B8k" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Søk gjennom Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Søk</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Søk i Wikipedia" aria-label="Søk i Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Søk gjennom Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Spesial:Søk"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Søk</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personlege verktøy"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Utsjånad"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Endre skriftstørrelse, bredde og farge på siden." > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Utsjånad" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Utsjånad</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_nn.wikipedia.org&uselang=nn" class=""><span>Gåver</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Opprett_konto&returnto=Polen" title="Me oppfordrar til at du oppretter ein konto og loggar inn, men det er ikkje påkravd." class=""><span>Opprett konto</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Logg_inn&returnto=Polen" title="Det er ikkje obligatorisk å logga inn, men medfører mange fordelar. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Logg inn</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Fleire val" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personlege verktøy" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personlege verktøy</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Brukarmeny" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_nn.wikipedia.org&uselang=nn"><span>Gåver</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Opprett_konto&returnto=Polen" title="Me oppfordrar til at du oppretter ein konto og loggar inn, men det er ikkje påkravd."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Opprett konto</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Logg_inn&returnto=Polen" title="Det er ikkje obligatorisk å logga inn, men medfører mange fordelar. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Logg inn</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Sider for utlogga bidragsytarar <a href="/wiki/Hjelp:Introduksjon" aria-label="Lær meir om redigering"><span>lær meir</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bidraga_mine" title="Liste over endringar gjorde frå denne IP-adressa [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bidrag</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Diskusjonssida_mi" title="Diskusjon om endringar gjorde av denne ip-adressa [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Diskusjon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Nettstad"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Innhald" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innhald</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">gøym</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Byrjinga</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Namn" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Namn"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Namn</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Namn-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Historie</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Historie-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underseksjonen Historie</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Historie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Grunnlegging_av_riket" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grunnlegging_av_riket"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Grunnlegging av riket</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Grunnlegging_av_riket-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mellomalderen,_Samveldet_og_usjølvstende" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mellomalderen,_Samveldet_og_usjølvstende"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Mellomalderen, Samveldet og usjølvstende</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mellomalderen,_Samveldet_og_usjølvstende-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Den_andre_republikken_og_andre_verdskrig" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Den_andre_republikken_og_andre_verdskrig"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Den andre republikken og andre verdskrig</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Den_andre_republikken_og_andre_verdskrig-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Etter_andre_verdenskrig" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etter_andre_verdenskrig"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Etter andre verdenskrig</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etter_andre_verdenskrig-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politikk_og_administrasjon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politikk_og_administrasjon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Politikk og administrasjon</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Politikk_og_administrasjon-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underseksjonen Politikk og administrasjon</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Politikk_og_administrasjon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Politisk_system" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politisk_system"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Politisk system</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politisk_system-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administrativ_inndeling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrativ_inndeling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Administrativ inndeling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrativ_inndeling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Klima" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Klima"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Klima</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Klima-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referansar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referansar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Referansar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referansar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bakgrunnsstoff" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bakgrunnsstoff"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Bakgrunnsstoff</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bakgrunnsstoff-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innhald" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul innhaldslista" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul innhaldslista</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Polen</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til ein artikkel på eit anna språk. Tilgjengeleg på 305 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-305" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">305 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="god artikkel"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polen" title="Polen – norsk bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Polen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norsk bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="tilrådd artikkel"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polen" title="Polen – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Polen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="tilrådd artikkel"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polen" title="Polen – dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Polen" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polandia" title="Polandia – achinesisk" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Polandia" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="achinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8D%D1%85%D1%8C%D1%8B%D0%B9" title="Лэхьый – kabardisk" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Лэхьый" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="kabardisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%88%D1%8D" title="Полшэ – adygeisk" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Полшэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="adygeisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="god artikkel"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pole" title="Pole – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Pole" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polen" title="Polen – sveitsertysk" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Polen" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="sveitsertysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8D%96%E1%88%8B%E1%8A%95%E1%8B%B5" title="ፖላንድ – amharisk" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ፖላንድ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puola" title="Puola – enaresamisk" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Puola" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="enaresamisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1" title="पोलैंड – angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="पोलैंड" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polaland" title="Polaland – gammalengelsk" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Polaland" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="gammalengelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Польша – abkhasisk" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Польша" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abkhasisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="بولندا – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بولندا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonia" title="Polonia – aragonsk" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Polonia" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A6%DC%98%DC%A0%DC%A2%DC%95" title="ܦܘܠܢܕ – arameisk" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܦܘܠܢܕ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="arameisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%93%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Փոլոնիա – vestarmensk" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Փոլոնիա" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="vestarmensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulunii" title="Pulunii – arumensk" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Pulunii" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="arumensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pologne" title="Pologne – arpitansk" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Pologne" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="arpitansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1" title="পোলেণ্ড – assamesisk" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="পোলেণ্ড" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonia" title="Polonia – asturisk" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Polonia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pol%C3%B3%C3%B1a" title="Polóña – guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Polóña" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Польша – avarisk" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Польша" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avarisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulu%C3%B1a" title="Puluña – aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Puluña" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pol%C5%9Fa" title="Polşa – aserbajdsjansk" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Polşa" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%87%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="لهیستان – søraserbajdsjansk" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="لهیستان" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="søraserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polandia" title="Polandia – balinesisk" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Polandia" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1" title="পোল্যান্ড – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পোল্যান্ড" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulandia" title="Pulandia – banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Pulandia" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pho-l%C3%A2n" title="Pho-lân – minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Pho-lân" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polandia" title="Polandia – banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Polandia" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Польша – basjkirsk" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Польша" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="basjkirsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D1%87%D0%B0" title="Польшча – belarusisk" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Польшча" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D1%87%D0%B0" title="Польшча – belarusisk (klassisk ortografi)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Польшча" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="belarusisk (klassisk ortografi)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1" title="पोलैंड – bihari" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="पोलैंड" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="bihari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonya" title="Polonya – sentralbikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Polonya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="sentralbikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polan" title="Polan – bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Polan" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Полша – bulgarsk" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Полша" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poin" title="Poin – bairisk" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Poin" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="bairisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%95%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8D" title="ཕོ་ལན། – tibetansk" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཕོ་ལན།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poljska" title="Poljska – bosnisk" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Poljska" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonia" title="Polonia – bretonsk" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Polonia" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%BE" title="Польшо – burjatisk" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Польшо" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="burjatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pol%C3%B2nia" title="Polònia – katalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Polònia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Польша – tsjuvansk" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Польша" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tsjuvansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polskowa" title="Polskowa – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Polskowa" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polsko" title="Polsko – tsjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Polsko" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tsjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ch mw-list-item"><a href="https://ch.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polaki" title="Polaki – chamorro" lang="ch" hreflang="ch" data-title="Polaki" data-language-autonym="Chamoru" data-language-local-name="chamorro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chamoru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonia" title="Polonia – chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Polonia" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poland" title="Poland – nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Poland" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polandi" title="Polandi – shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Polandi" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poland" title="Poland – tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Poland" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonia" title="Polonia – korsikansk" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Polonia" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="korsikansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwlad_Pwyl" title="Gwlad Pwyl – walisisk" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gwlad Pwyl" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="پولونيا – marokkansk-arabisk" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="پولونيا" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="marokkansk-arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polska" title="Polska – nordsamisk" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Polska" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="nordsamisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polen" title="Polen – pennsylvaniatysk" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Polen" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="pennsylvaniatysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polen" title="Polen – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Polen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%95%DE%AE%DE%8D%DE%AC%DE%82%DE%B0%DE%91%DE%AA" title="ޕޮލެންޑު – divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ޕޮލެންޑު" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haltso_H%C3%B3teelnii_Bik%C3%A9yah" title="Haltso Hóteelnii Bikéyah – navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Haltso Hóteelnii Bikéyah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B3lska" title="Pólska – lågsorbisk" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Pólska" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="lågsorbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1" title="पोल्याण्ड – doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="पोल्याण्ड" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%94%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%8C%E0%BD%B2" title="པོ་ལེནཌི – dzongkha" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="པོ་ལེནཌི" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="dzongkha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ཇོང་ཁ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poola" title="Poola – estisk" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Poola" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%BF%CE%BB%CF%89%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Πολωνία – gresk" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πολωνία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gresk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pul%C3%B3gna" title="Pulógna – emiliano-romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Pulógna" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="emiliano-romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poland" title="Poland – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Poland" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Польша Мастор – erzia" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Польша Мастор" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonia" title="Polonia – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Polonia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="betre artikkel"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollando" title="Pollando – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Pollando" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polo%C3%B1a" title="Poloña – ekstremaduransk" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Poloña" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="ekstremaduransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonia" title="Polonia – baskisk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Polonia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C9%94lisa" title="Pɔlisa – ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Pɔlisa" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%87%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="لهستان – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لهستان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poland" title="Poland – fijiansk hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Poland" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="fijiansk hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B3lland" title="Pólland – færøysk" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Pólland" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="færøysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pologne" title="Pologne – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pologne" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poalen" title="Poalen – vestfrisisk" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Poalen" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="vestfrisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poloonya" title="Poloonya – fulfulde" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Poloonya" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="fulfulde" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonie" title="Polonie – friulisk" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Polonie" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friulisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Pholainn" title="An Pholainn – irsk" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Pholainn" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Pholynn" title="Yn Pholynn – manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Pholynn" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pol%C5%9Fa" title="Polşa – gagausisk" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Polşa" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="gagausisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%27_Ph%C3%B2lainn" title="A' Phòlainn – skotsk-gælisk" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="A' Phòlainn" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="skotsk-gælisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonia" title="Polonia – galisisk" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Polonia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B5%D1%85%D1%8C%D0%B5" title="Полхехье – ingusjisk" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Полхехье" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ingusjisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD" title="波蘭 – gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="波蘭" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borandi" title="Borandi – kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Borandi" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AA%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%B2%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%A1" title="પોલેંડ – gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="પોલેંડ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8D%80%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8C%BB%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%B0" title="𐍀𐌰𐌿𐌻𐌰𐌿𐌽𐌹𐌰 – gotisk" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐍀𐌰𐌿𐌻𐌰𐌿𐌽𐌹𐌰" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="gotisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1" title="पोलंड – goansk konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="पोलंड" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="goansk konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B4-l%C3%A0n" title="Pô-làn – hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Pô-làn" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8F%B4%EB%9E%80%EB%93%9C" title="폴란드 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="폴란드" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poland" title="Poland – hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Poland" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C5%8Dlani" title="Pōlani – hawaiisk" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Pōlani" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="hawaiisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%A5%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Լեհաստան – armensk" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լեհաստան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1" title="पोलैंड – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पोलैंड" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B3lska" title="Pólska – høgsorbisk" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Pólska" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="høgsorbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poljska" title="Poljska – kroatisk" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Poljska" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonia" title="Polonia – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Polonia" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poland" title="Poland – ibo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Poland" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="ibo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonia" title="Polonia – iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Polonia" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1" title="পোল্যান্ড – bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="পোল্যান্ড" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polandia" title="Polandia – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Polandia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonia" title="Polonia – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Polonia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonia" title="Polonia – interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Polonia" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%90%B3%E1%93%9A%E1%93%90%E1%91%A6" title="ᐳᓚᓐᑦ – inuktitut" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᐳᓚᓐᑦ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="inuktitut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puulan" title="Puulan – inupiak" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Puulan" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="inupiak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%C3%A6" title="Польшæ – ossetisk" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Польшæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossetisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPoland" title="IPoland – xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="IPoland" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPolandi" title="IPolandi – zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IPolandi" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B3lland" title="Pólland – islandsk" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Pólland" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonia" title="Polonia – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Polonia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9F" title="פולין – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פולין" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polen" title="Polen – javanesisk" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Polen" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C9%94l%C9%94%C9%94%C3%B1%C9%A9" title="Pɔlɔɔñɩ – kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Pɔlɔɔñɩ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%8D" title="ಪೋಲೆಂಡ್ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಪೋಲೆಂಡ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonya" title="Polonya – pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Polonya" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Польша – karatsjaiisk-balkarsk" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Польша" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="karatsjaiisk-balkarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="პოლონეთი – georgisk" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პოლონეთი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%88" title="پولینڈ – kasjmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="پولینڈ" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="kasjmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B2lsk%C3%B4" title="Pòlskô – kasjubisk" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Pòlskô" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="kasjubisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Польша – kasakhisk" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Польша" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasakhisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poloni" title="Poloni – kornisk" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Poloni" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="kornisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonye" title="Polonye – kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Polonye" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rn mw-list-item"><a href="https://rn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pologne" title="Pologne – rundi" lang="rn" hreflang="rn" data-title="Pologne" data-language-autonym="Ikirundi" data-language-local-name="rundi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikirundi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polandi" title="Polandi – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Polandi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Польша – komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Польша" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pologne" title="Pologne – kikongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Pologne" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="kikongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polska" title="Polska – kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Polska" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pol%C3%B2y" title="Polòy – haitisk" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Polòy" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pol%C3%B2gn" title="Pològn – franskguyansk kreol" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Pològn" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="franskguyansk kreol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonya" title="Polonya – kurdisk" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Polonya" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Польша – kirgisisk" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Польша" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Польша – vestmarisk" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Польша" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="vestmarisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonia" title="Polonia – ladinsk" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Polonia" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="ladinsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonia" title="Polonia – ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Polonia" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Польша – lakisk" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Польша" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="lakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%9B%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%94%E0%BB%8C" title="ປະເທດໂປແລນດ໌ – laotisk" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ປະເທດໂປແລນດ໌" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laotisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puoleja" title="Puoleja – latgallisk" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Puoleja" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="latgallisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonia" title="Polonia – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Polonia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polija" title="Polija – latvisk" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Polija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polen" title="Polen – luxemburgsk" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Polen" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Польша – lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Польша" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenkija" title="Lenkija – litauisk" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Lenkija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonia" title="Polonia – ligurisk" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Polonia" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="ligurisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pole" title="Pole – limburgsk" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Pole" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poloni" title="Poloni – lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Poloni" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polsca" title="Polsca – lingua franca nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Polsca" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="lingua franca nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pol%27%C5%A1u" title="Pol'šu – livvisk" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Pol'šu" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="livvisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/polskas" title="polskas – lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="polskas" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bupoolo" title="Bupoolo – ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Bupoolo" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="ganda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pol%C3%B2nia" title="Polònia – lombardisk" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Polònia" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengyelorsz%C3%A1g" title="Lengyelország – ungarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Lengyelország" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polandia" title="Polandia – maduresisk" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Polandia" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="maduresisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1" title="पोल्यान्ड – maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="पोल्यान्ड" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Полска – makedonsk" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Полска" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B4l%C3%B4nia" title="Pôlônia – madagassisk" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Pôlônia" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="madagassisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D" title="പോളണ്ട് – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പോളണ്ട്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonja" title="Polonja – maltesisk" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Polonja" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="maltesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C5%8Drana" title="Pōrana – maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Pōrana" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1" title="पोलंड – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पोलंड" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="პოლონეთი – mingrelsk" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="პოლონეთი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="بولاندا – egyptisk arabisk" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بولاندا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egyptisk arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%87%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="لهستون – mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="لهستون" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poland" title="Poland – malayisk" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Poland" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malayisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%84%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯄꯣꯂꯦꯟ – manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯄꯣꯂꯦꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polandia" title="Polandia – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Polandia" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C5%8F%CC%A4-l%C3%A0ng" title="Pŏ̤-làng – mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Pŏ̤-làng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pol%C3%B3nia" title="Polónia – mirandesisk" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Polónia" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Полень мастор – moksja" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Полень мастор" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="moksja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88" title="Польш – mongolsk" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Польш" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9C%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="ပိုလန်နိုင်ငံ – burmesisk" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ပိုလန်နိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="burmesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poladi" title="Poladi – fijiansk" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Poladi" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="fijiansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polen" title="Polen – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Polen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polen" title="Polen – lågsaksisk" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Polen" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="lågsaksisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1" title="पोल्यान्ड – nepalsk" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="पोल्यान्ड" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1" title="पोल्याण्ड – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="पोल्याण्ड" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9D%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89" title="ポーランド – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ポーランド" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulonnia" title="Pulonnia – napolitansk" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Pulonnia" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="napolitansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DF%94%DF%8F%DF%9F%DF%90%DF%B2%DF%A2" title="ߔߏߟߐ߲ߢ – n’ko" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߔߏߟߐ߲ߢ" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="n’ko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ߒߞߏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Польша – tsjetsjensk" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Польша" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="tsjetsjensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poolen" title="Poolen – nordfrisisk" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Poolen" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="nordfrisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poeland" title="Poeland – pitkairnsk" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Poeland" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="pitkairnsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polongne" title="Polongne – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Polongne" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonia" title="Polonia – novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Polonia" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="god artikkel"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonha" title="Polonha – oksitansk" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Polonha" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Польша – austmarisk" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Польша" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="austmarisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poolaandi" title="Poolaandi – oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Poolaandi" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polsha" title="Polsha – usbekisk" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Polsha" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbekisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%A1" title="ਪੋਲੈਂਡ – panjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪੋਲੈਂਡ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1" title="पोलैंड – pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="पोलैंड" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polen" title="Polen – palatintysk" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Polen" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="palatintysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonya" title="Polonya – pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Polonya" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poland" title="Poland – amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Poland" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%88" title="پولینڈ – vestpunjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پولینڈ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="vestpunjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9C%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%81%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%91%E1%80%AE" title="ပိုလန်ခမ်းထီ – pa'o" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ပိုလန်ခမ်းထီ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="pa'o" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonia" title="Polonia – papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Polonia" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84%D9%86%DA%89" title="پولنډ – pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="پولنډ" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puolan" title="Puolan – jamaicansk kreolengelsk" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Puolan" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="jamaicansk kreolengelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Польска – komipermjakisk" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Польска" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="komipermjakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%A1%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%89" title="ប្រទេសប៉ូឡូញ – khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ប្រទេសប៉ូឡូញ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonne" title="Polonne – pikardisk" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Polonne" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="pikardisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pol%C3%B2nia" title="Polònia – piemontesisk" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Polònia" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemontesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polan" title="Polan – tok pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Polan" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="tok pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polen" title="Polen – lågtysk" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Polen" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="lågtysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polska" title="Polska – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Polska" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%BF%CE%BB%CF%89%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Πολωνία – pontisk" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Πολωνία" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="pontisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pol%C3%B3nia" title="Polónia – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Polónia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polsha" title="Polsha – karakalpakisk" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Polsha" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakalpakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lehistan" title="Lehistan – krimtatarisk" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Lehistan" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="krimtatarisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C5%8Drana" title="Pōrana – tahitisk" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="Pōrana" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="tahitisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Reo tahiti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pole" title="Pole – kølnsk" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Pole" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="kølnsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="betre artikkel"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonia" title="Polonia – rumensk" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Polonia" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polska" title="Polska – valakisk romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Polska" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="valakisk romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pologna" title="Pologna – retoromansk" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Pologna" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="retoromansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulunya" title="Pulunya – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Pulunya" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Польско – rusinsk" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Польско" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="rusinsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Польша – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Польша" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Польша – sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Польша" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poland" title="Poland – sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Poland" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polani" title="Polani – samoansk" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Polani" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="samoansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8D" title="पोलॅण्ड् – sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="पोलॅण्ड्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B6l%C3%B4ni" title="Pölôni – sango" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Pölôni" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="sango" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sängö</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%B3%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%B0" title="ᱯᱳᱞᱮᱱᱰ – santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱯᱳᱞᱮᱱᱰ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%88" title="پولینڈ – saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="پولینڈ" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pol%C3%B2nia" title="Polònia – sardinsk" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Polònia" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardinsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poland" title="Poland – skotsk" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Poland" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skotsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poran" title="Poran – taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Poran" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polen" title="Polen – saterfrisisk" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Polen" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="saterfrisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poland" title="Poland – sørsotho" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Poland" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="sørsotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poland" title="Poland – nordsotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Poland" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="nordsotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonia" title="Polonia – albansk" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Polonia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulonia" title="Pulonia – siciliansk" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Pulonia" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B6%BA" title="පෝලන්තය – singalesisk" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="පෝලන්තය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poland" title="Poland – enkel engelsk" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Poland" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="enkel engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%DA%8A" title="پولينڊ – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="پولينڊ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPholandi" title="IPholandi – swati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="IPholandi" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="swati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Po%C4%BEsko" title="Poľsko – slovakisk" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Poľsko" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="god artikkel"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poljska" title="Poljska – slovensk" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Poljska" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D2%84%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Пол҄ьска – kyrkjeslavisk" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Пол҄ьска" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="kyrkjeslavisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polsko" title="Polsko – schlesisk" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Polsko" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="schlesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boland" title="Boland – somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Boland" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%86%DA%B5%DB%95%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="پۆڵەندا – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پۆڵەندا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polikondre" title="Polikondre – sranan tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Polikondre" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="sranan tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%99%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Пољска – serbisk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Пољска" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poljska" title="Poljska – serbokroatisk" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Poljska" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polandia" title="Polandia – sundanesisk" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Polandia" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="betre artikkel"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puola" title="Puola – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Puola" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonya" title="Polonya – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Polonya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81" title="போலந்து – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="போலந்து" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulunya" title="Bulunya – tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Bulunya" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulunda" title="Bulunda – kabylsk" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Bulunda" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabylsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulonie" title="Pulonie – tarantinsk" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Pulonie" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="tarantinsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Польша – tatarisk" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Польша" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87%E1%80%9C%E1%82%85%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87" title="မိူင်းပူဝ်ႇလႅၼ်ႇ – shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းပူဝ်ႇလႅၼ်ႇ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poland" title="Poland – atayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Poland" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="atayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8D" title="పోలాండ్ – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="పోలాండ్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pol%C3%B3nia" title="Polónia – tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Polónia" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C" title="ประเทศโปแลนด์ – thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศโปแลนด์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8D%96%E1%88%8B%E1%8A%95%E1%8B%B5" title="ፖላንድ – tigrinja" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ፖላንድ" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="tigrinja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ትግርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Лаҳистон – tadsjikisk" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Лаҳистон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadsjikisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polani" title="Polani – tongansk" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Polani" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="tongansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8F%89%E1%8E%B3%E1%8F%82" title="ᏉᎳᏂ – cherokesisk" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᏉᎳᏂ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="cherokesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poland" title="Poland – cheyenne" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Poland" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="cheyenne" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ve mw-list-item"><a href="https://ve.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poland" title="Poland – venda" lang="ve" hreflang="ve" data-title="Poland" data-language-autonym="Tshivenda" data-language-local-name="venda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tshivenda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonya" title="Polonya – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Polonya" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pol%C5%9Fa" title="Polşa – turkmensk" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Polşa" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poland" title="Poland – twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Poland" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polan" title="Polan – tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Polan" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Польша – tuvinisk" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Польша" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="tuvinisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Польша – udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Польша" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bug mw-list-item"><a href="https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A8%84%E1%A8%9A%E1%A8%92%E1%A8%8A%E1%A8%89" title="ᨄᨚᨒᨊᨉ – buginesisk" lang="bug" hreflang="bug" data-title="ᨄᨚᨒᨊᨉ" data-language-autonym="Basa Ugi" data-language-local-name="buginesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Ugi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%89%D0%B0" title="Польща – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Польща" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%88" title="پولینڈ – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پولینڈ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%95%DA%BE%D9%89%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="لەھىستان – uigurisk" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="لەھىستان" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uigurisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohlanz" title="Bohlanz – zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Bohlanz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Po%C5%82%C3%B2nia" title="Połònia – venetiansk" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Połònia" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="venetiansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pol%27%C5%A1anma" title="Pol'šanma – vepsisk" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Pol'šanma" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="vepsisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba_Lan" title="Ba Lan – vietnamesisk" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ba Lan" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pol%C3%A4n" title="Polän – volapyk" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Polän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapyk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poola" title="Poola – sørestisk" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Poola" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="sørestisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pologne" title="Pologne – vallonsk" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Pologne" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="vallonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD" title="波蘭 – klassisk kinesisk" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="波蘭" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="klassisk kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pooln" title="Pooln – vestflamsk" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Pooln" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="vestflamsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonya" title="Polonya – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Polonya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polo%C3%B1" title="Poloñ – wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Poloñ" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0" title="波兰 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="波兰" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polendi" title="Polendi – tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Polendi" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%9F" title="פוילן – jiddisk" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="פוילן" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jiddisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B3l%C3%A1nd%C3%AC" title="Pólándì – joruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Pólándì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="joruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD" title="波蘭 – kantonesisk" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="波蘭" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonya" title="Polonya – dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Polonya" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Po%C3%B4l%27n" title="Poôl'n – zeeuws" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Poôl'n" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="zeeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C4%97nk%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Lėnkėjė – samogitisk" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Lėnkėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="samogitisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0" title="波兰 – kinesisk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="波兰" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polan" title="Polan – obolo" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Polan" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="obolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Obolo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bdr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bdr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poland" title="Poland – bajaw" lang="bdr" hreflang="bdr" data-title="Poland" data-language-autonym="Bajau Sama" data-language-local-name="bajaw" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bajau Sama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polen" title="Polen – betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Polen" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polandia" title="Polandia – mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Polandia" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poland" title="Poland – sentraldusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Poland" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="sentraldusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poland" title="Poland – iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Poland" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polandia" title="Polandia – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Polandia" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pol%C5%A1a" title="Polša – talysj" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Polša" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="talysj" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B4%B1%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%8D%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8F%E2%B4%B7%E2%B4%B0" title="ⴱⵓⵍⴰⵏⴷⴰ – standard marokkansk tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⴱⵓⵍⴰⵏⴷⴰ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="standard marokkansk tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q36#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Endra mellomspråklege lenkjer" class="wbc-editpage">Endra lenkjer</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namnerom"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Polen" title="Vis innhaldssida [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikkel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diskusjon:Polen&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Diskusjon om innhaldssida (sida finst ikkje) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskusjon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Endre språkvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">norsk nynorsk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Visningar"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Polen"><span>Les</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polen&veaction=edit" title="Endre sida [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Endre</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polen&action=edit" title="Endre kjeldekoden til sida [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Endre wikiteksten</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polen&action=history" title="Eldre versjonar av sida [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Sjå historikken</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideverktøy"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verktøy" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span 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class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Flere alternativer" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Handlingar </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Polen"><span>Les</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polen&veaction=edit" title="Endre sida [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Endre</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polen&action=edit" title="Endre kjeldekoden til sida [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Endre wikiteksten</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polen&action=history"><span>Sjå historikken</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ålment </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Lenkjer_hit/Polen" title="Liste over alle wikisidene som har lenkjer hit [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Lenkjer hit</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Relaterte_endringar/Polen" rel="nofollow" title="Nylege endringar på sider denne sida lenkjar til [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Relaterte endringar</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=nn" title="Last opp filer [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Last opp fil</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Spesialsider" title="Liste over spesialsider [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Spesialsider</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polen&oldid=3551049" title="Fast lenkje til denne versjonen av sida"><span>Fast lenkje</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polen&action=info" title="Meir informasjon om sida"><span>Sideinformasjon</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Siter&page=Polen&id=3551049&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informasjon om korleis ein siterer denne sida"><span>Siter denne sida</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPolen"><span>Hent kort URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPolen"><span>Last ned QR-kode</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Skriv ut/eksporter </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Bok&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Polen"><span>Opprett ei bok</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Polen&action=show-download-screen"><span>Last ned som PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polen&printable=yes" title="Utskriftsversjon av sida [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Utskriftsversjon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideverktøy"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Utsjånad"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Utsjånad</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">gøym</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Frå Wikipedia – det frie oppslagsverket</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nn" dir="ltr"><div align="right"><span class="noprint plainlinks" style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:smaller;">[<a class="external text" href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mal:Fakta_om_Polen&action=edit">endre</a>]</span></div> <table class="infoboks geografi infobox" style="width:46ex; margin-top:0.75em;"> <tbody><tr> <th class="mergedrow" colspan="2"><span style="font-size: larger;">Rzeczpospolita Polska</span> <p><span style="font-weight: lighter;">(norsk: Polen, polsk)</span> </p> </th></tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <td align="center" colspan="2"> <table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" align="center"> <table style="width: 23em; text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr class="mergedrow"> <td style="vertical-align: middle; align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Flag_of_Poland.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Det polske flagget"><img alt="Det polske flagget" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/125px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/188px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/250px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle; align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Herb_Polski.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Det polske riksvåpenet"><img alt="Det polske riksvåpenet" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Herb_Polski.svg/70px-Herb_Polski.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Herb_Polski.svg/105px-Herb_Polski.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Herb_Polski.svg/140px-Herb_Polski.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3158" data-file-height="3716" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><small><a href="/wiki/Det_polske_flagget" title="Det polske flagget">Flagg</a></small> </td> <td><small><a href="/wiki/Det_polske_riksv%C3%A5penet" title="Det polske riksvåpenet">Riksvåpen</a></small> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Nasjonalsong" title="Nasjonalsong">Nasjonalsong</a></b> </td> <td>«<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mazurek_D%C4%85browskiego&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mazurek Dąbrowskiego (sida finst ikkje)">Mazurek Dąbrowskiego</a>» </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td colspan="2" style="background:#ffffff; color:black;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:EU_location_POL.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Geografisk plassering av Polen"><img alt="Geografisk plassering av Polen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/EU_location_POL.svg/250px-EU_location_POL.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/EU_location_POL.svg/375px-EU_location_POL.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/EU_location_POL.svg/500px-EU_location_POL.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Offisielt_spr%C3%A5k" title="Offisielt språk">Offisielle språk</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Polsk" title="Polsk">Polsk</a><sup>1</sup> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Hovudstad" title="Hovudstad">Hovudstad</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Warszawa" title="Warszawa">Warszawa</a> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><b><a href="/wiki/Styresett" title="Styresett">Styresett</a></b> <br /> <div style="text-align: right"><a href="/wiki/President" title="President">President</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Statsminister" title="Statsminister">Statsminister</a></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Republikk" title="Republikk">Republikk</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Andrzej_Duda" title="Andrzej Duda">Andrzej Duda</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Donald_Tusk" title="Donald Tusk">Donald Tusk</a> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Verdas_land_etter_flatevidd" title="Verdas land etter flatevidd">Flatevidd</a></b> <br />  – Totalt <br />  – Andel vatn </td> <td> <br />312 685 km² (<a href="/wiki/Verdas_land_etter_flatevidd" title="Verdas land etter flatevidd">69.</a>)<br /> 2,6 % </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><b><a href="/wiki/Verdas_land_etter_folketal" title="Verdas land etter folketal">Folketal</a></b> <br />  – Estimert (2017) <br />  – Tettleik </td> <td> <br />38 476 269 (<a href="/wiki/Verdas_land_etter_folketal" title="Verdas land etter folketal">34.</a>) <br /> 123,1 /km² (<a href="/wiki/Verdas_land_etter_folketettleik" title="Verdas land etter folketettleik">69.</a>) </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Sj%C3%B8lvstende" title="Sjølvstende">Sjølvstende</a></b> <br />   – Erklært </td> <td valign="bottom"><br /><a href="/wiki/11._november" title="11. november">11. november</a> <a href="/wiki/1918" title="1918">1918</a> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Bruttonasjonalprodukt" title="Bruttonasjonalprodukt">BNP</a></b> <br />  – Totalt (2015) <br />  – Per innbyggjar </td> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"> <br />1 003 000 <a href="/wiki/Million" title="Million">mill.</a> <a href="/wiki/USA-amerikansk_dollar" class="mw-redirect" title="USA-amerikansk dollar">USD</a> (<a href="/wiki/Verdas_land_etter_bruttonasjonalprodukt" title="Verdas land etter bruttonasjonalprodukt">23.</a>) <br /> 27 800 <a href="/wiki/US_dollar" class="mw-redirect" title="US dollar">USD</a> (<a href="/wiki/Verdas_land_etter_bruttonasjonalprodukt_per_innbyggjar" title="Verdas land etter bruttonasjonalprodukt per innbyggjar">49.</a>) </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Valuta" title="Valuta">Valuta</a></b> </td> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Z%C5%82oty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Złoty (sida finst ikkje)">Złoty</a> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Tidssone" title="Tidssone">Tidssone</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UTC" title="UTC">UTC</a> +1 </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Internasjonal_telefonkode" title="Internasjonal telefonkode">Telefonkode</a></b> </td> <td>+48 </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Toppniv%C3%A5domene" title="Toppnivådomene">Toppnivådomene</a></b> </td> <td>.pl </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td colspan="2" align="left" style="font-size:small;"> <p><sup>1</sup>Regionalt òg <a href="/wiki/Tysk" title="Tysk">tysk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kasjubisk" title="Kasjubisk">kasjubisk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kviterussisk" class="mw-redirect" title="Kviterussisk">kviterussisk</a> og <a href="/wiki/Ukrainsk" title="Ukrainsk">ukrainsk</a> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Polen</b> (<a href="/wiki/Polsk" title="Polsk">polsk</a> <i>Polska</i> <span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA" style="font-family:DejaVu Sans, Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, MV Boli, MS Mincho, Arial, sans-serif; text-decoration:none!important">/ˈpɔl.ska/</span>), offisielt <b>Republikken Polen</b> (polsk <i>Rzeczpospolita Polska</i> <span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA" style="font-family:DejaVu Sans, Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, MV Boli, MS Mincho, Arial, sans-serif; text-decoration:none!important">/ˌʒɛt͡ʃ.pɔsˈpɔ.li.ta ˈpɔl.ska/</span>) er eit land i <a href="/wiki/Sentral-Europa" title="Sentral-Europa">Sentral-</a><sup id="cite_ref-StAGN_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StAGN-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> eller <a href="/wiki/Aust-Europa" title="Aust-Europa">Aust-Europa</a><sup id="cite_ref-UN_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UN-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Det ligg i midten av <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a> og grensar i vest mot <a href="/wiki/Tyskland" title="Tyskland">Tyskland</a>, i sør mot <a href="/wiki/Tsjekkia" title="Tsjekkia">Tsjekkia</a> og <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a>, i aust mot <a href="/wiki/Ukraina" title="Ukraina">Ukraina</a> og <a href="/wiki/Kviterussland" class="mw-redirect" title="Kviterussland">Kviterussland</a>, og i nord mot <a href="/wiki/Austersj%C3%B8en" title="Austersjøen">Austersjøen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Litauen" title="Litauen">Litauen</a> og den <a href="/wiki/Russland" title="Russland">russiske</a> <a href="/wiki/Kaliningrad_oblast" title="Kaliningrad oblast">Kaliningrad-eksklaven</a>. Polen delar òg sjøgrenser med <a href="/wiki/Danmark" title="Danmark">Danmark</a> og <a href="/wiki/Sverige" title="Sverige">Sverige</a>. Med ei flatevidd på 312 679,67 km²<sup id="cite_ref-GUS-A_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GUS-A-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> er Polen verdas 69. største land. Folketalet i Polen er om lag 38,5 millionar menneske<sup id="cite_ref-GUS-B_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GUS-B-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, for det meste busette i byar<sup id="cite_ref-GUS-C_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GUS-C-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Den fyrste polske staten oppstod i <a href="/wiki/966" title="966">966</a>, med eit territorium som liknar på dei moderne grensene til Polen. Landet vart eit <a href="/wiki/Konged%C3%B8met_Polen" class="mw-disambig" title="Kongedømet Polen">kongedøme</a> i <a href="/wiki/1025" title="1025">1025</a> og gjekk i <a href="/wiki/1569" title="1569">1569</a> inn i ein langvarig union med <a href="/wiki/Storhertugd%C3%B8met_Litauen" class="mw-redirect" title="Storhertugdømet Litauen">Storhertugdømet Litauen</a> og danna <a href="/wiki/Det_polsk-litauiske_samveldet" title="Det polsk-litauiske samveldet">Det polsk-litauiske samveldet</a>. Samveldet vart oppløyst i <a href="/wiki/1795" title="1795">1795</a> då Polen vart delt mellom grannelanda sine Russland, <a href="/wiki/Preussen" title="Preussen">Preussen</a> og <a href="/wiki/Austerrike" title="Austerrike">Austerrike</a>. Polen vann sjølvstendet sitt tilbake i <a href="/wiki/1918" title="1918">1918</a> etter <a href="/wiki/Fyrste_verdskrig" class="mw-redirect" title="Fyrste verdskrig">fyrste verdskrig</a>, men tapte det igjen under <a href="/wiki/Andre_verdskrig" class="mw-redirect" title="Andre verdskrig">andre verdskrig</a>, då landet vart okkupert av <a href="/wiki/Det_tredje_riket" title="Det tredje riket">Det tredje riket</a> og <a href="/wiki/Sovjetunionen" title="Sovjetunionen">Sovjetunionen</a>. Etter krigen vart Polen gjort om til eit <a href="/wiki/Sosialisme" title="Sosialisme">sosialistisk</a><sup id="cite_ref-Dav-a_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dav-a-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> «<a href="/wiki/Austblokka" title="Austblokka">austblokkland</a>» under sovjetisk kontroll. I <a href="/wiki/1989" title="1989">1989</a> kvitta Polen seg med sosialiststyret og landet vart uformelt kjent som «Den tredje polske republikken». </p><p>I dag er Polen eit parlamentarisk demokrati som består av seksten <a href="/wiki/Voivodskap" title="Voivodskap">voivodskap</a>, og er det sjette mest folkesette medlemsland i <a href="/wiki/Den_europeiske_unionen" title="Den europeiske unionen">Den europeiske unionen</a>. Landet er dessutan medlem i <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dei_sameinte_nasjonane" title="Dei sameinte nasjonane">SN</a>, <a href="/wiki/Organisasjonen_for_%C3%B8konomisk_samarbeid_og_utvikling" title="Organisasjonen for økonomisk samarbeid og utvikling">OECD</a>, <a href="/wiki/Verdshandelsorganisasjonen" title="Verdshandelsorganisasjonen">WTO</a> og fleire andre internasjonale organisasjonar. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Namn">Namn</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polen&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Endre bolk: Namn" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polen&action=edit&section=1" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Namn"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Forsøk på å forklåre etymologien til namnet «Polska» lukkast ikkje og opphavet av det held fram med å vere usikkert. Sannsynlegvis kjem det frå eit folkenamn «Polanie» (<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polanarar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polanarar (sida finst ikkje)">polanarar</a></i>), som var ein <a href="/wiki/Slaviske_folk" title="Slaviske folk">vestslavisk</a> stamme folkesett i det notidige <a href="/wiki/Stor-Polen" title="Stor-Polen">Stor-Polen</a>, medan dette folkenamnet er avleidd av <a href="/wiki/Urslavisk" title="Urslavisk">urslavisk</a> *polje «åker» (jf. polsk <i>pole</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-KDK_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KDK-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Andre forfattarar stør at landsnamnet er direkte avleidd frå *polje, medan «polanarar» aldri eksisterte sidan dei opptrer i skrivne kjelder mykje seinare enn namnet «Polska» sjølv<sup id="cite_ref-Urb_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Urb-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Adjektivet <i>polski</i> «polsk» tydde opphavleg «åker(s)-» og fekk moderne meining om lag i <a href="/wiki/1500-talet" title="1500-talet">1500-talet</a>. Namnet «Polska» vert danna antakeleg ved forkorting av <i>ziemia polska</i> («polsk land», jf. latin <i>terra Poloniæ</i> og <i>Hrvatska</i> som har òg adjektivisk opphav)<sup id="cite_ref-Ler_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ler-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Det <a href="/wiki/Tysk" title="Tysk">tyske</a> namnet «Polen» er etymologisk sett fleirtal av <i>Pole</i> «<a href="/wiki/Polakk" class="mw-redirect" title="Polakk">polakk</a>» og vert lånt av ei rekkje andre germanske språk, til dømes <a href="/wiki/Nederlandsk" title="Nederlandsk">nederlandsk</a> og alle tre fastlandske <a href="/wiki/Skandinaviske_spr%C3%A5k" title="Skandinaviske språk">skandinaviske språk</a>. <a href="/wiki/Engelsk" title="Engelsk">Engelsk</a>, <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A6r%C3%B8ysk" title="Færøysk">færøysk</a> og <a href="/wiki/Islandsk" title="Islandsk">islandsk</a> brukar i staden samansetjingar — <i>Poland</i> og <i>Pólland</i>. På norrønt het Polen <i>Pulinaland</i>. Dette namnet opptrer i <i><a href="/wiki/Soga_om_Didrik_av_Bern" title="Soga om Didrik av Bern">Soga om Didrik av Bern</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-Sog_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sog-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historie">Historie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polen&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Endre bolk: Historie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polen&action=edit&section=2" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Historie"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Grunnlegging_av_riket">Grunnlegging av riket</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polen&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Endre bolk: Grunnlegging av riket" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polen&action=edit&section=3" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Grunnlegging av riket"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Koronacja_pierwszego_kr%C3%B3la_(Koronacja_Chrobrego._Jan_Matejko).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Koronacja_pierwszego_kr%C3%B3la_%28Koronacja_Chrobrego._Jan_Matejko%29.jpg/185px-Koronacja_pierwszego_kr%C3%B3la_%28Koronacja_Chrobrego._Jan_Matejko%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="185" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Koronacja_pierwszego_kr%C3%B3la_%28Koronacja_Chrobrego._Jan_Matejko%29.jpg/278px-Koronacja_pierwszego_kr%C3%B3la_%28Koronacja_Chrobrego._Jan_Matejko%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Koronacja_pierwszego_kr%C3%B3la_%28Koronacja_Chrobrego._Jan_Matejko%29.jpg/370px-Koronacja_pierwszego_kr%C3%B3la_%28Koronacja_Chrobrego._Jan_Matejko%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="471" /></a><figcaption><i>Kroning av den fyrste kongen i Polen</i> av <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jan_Matejko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jan Matejko (sida finst ikkje)">Jan Matejko</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Som den fyrste leiaren i Polen reknar ein fyrsten <a href="/wiki/Mieszko_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Mieszko I">Mieszko I</a> (ukrona) som regjerte <a href="/wiki/962" title="962">962</a>-<a href="/wiki/992" title="992">992</a><sup id="cite_ref-Wyr_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wyr-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Giftarmålet hans med den tsjekkiske prinsessen <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dubrawa_av_B%C3%B6hmen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dubrawa av Böhmen (sida finst ikkje)">Dubrawa av Böhmen</a> i <a href="/wiki/965" title="965">965</a> er anteke å ha påskunda kristninga av landet i <a href="/wiki/966" title="966">fylgjande år</a><sup id="cite_ref-Der_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Der-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Sonen deira, <a href="/wiki/Boles%C5%82aw_I_Chrobry" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolesław I Chrobry">Bolesław I Chrobry</a>, gjekk opp på trona ved faren sin daude i <a href="/wiki/992" title="992">992</a> og regjerte fram til dauden sin i <a href="/wiki/1025" title="1025">1025</a>. Straks innan han døydde vart han krona av biskopen i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gniezno&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gniezno (sida finst ikkje)">Gniezno</a> (som var då truleg hovudstaden i Polen<sup id="cite_ref-Wyr_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wyr-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) og vert difor rekna som den fyrste krona kongen av Polen. Under <a href="/wiki/1100-talet" title="1100-talet">1100-talet</a> kom det etter <a href="/w/index.php?title=Boles%C5%82aw_III_av_Polen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bolesław III av Polen (sida finst ikkje)">Bolesław III</a> sin daude til ei oppdeling av landet i mindre landskap som var styrte av hans born. Kort tid etter byrja interne kamper over trona i <a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w" title="Kraków">Kraków</a> som utvikla seg til den mest viktige byen i landet<sup id="cite_ref-Buj_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Buj-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Denne perioden varte 160 år og la vestlege landskap til rette for å kome under tysk kontroll<sup id="cite_ref-Hig_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hig-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_I_Alneh%C3%B8g&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Władysław I Alnehøg (sida finst ikkje)">Władysław I Alnehøg</a> sameinte likevel riket og vert krona til konge av det sameinte Polen i <a href="/wiki/1320" title="1320">1320</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mellomalderen,_Samveldet_og_usjølvstende"><span id="Mellomalderen.2C_Samveldet_og_usj.C3.B8lvstende"></span>Mellomalderen, Samveldet og usjølvstende</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polen&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Endre bolk: Mellomalderen, Samveldet og usjølvstende" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polen&action=edit&section=4" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Mellomalderen, Samveldet og usjølvstende"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Rzeczpospolita_voivodships.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Rzeczpospolita_voivodships.png/250px-Rzeczpospolita_voivodships.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Rzeczpospolita_voivodships.png/375px-Rzeczpospolita_voivodships.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Rzeczpospolita_voivodships.png/500px-Rzeczpospolita_voivodships.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1568" /></a><figcaption>Det polsk-litauiske samveldet i sitt største omfang</figcaption></figure> <p>Det mellomalderlege kongeriket Polen gjekk i <a href="/wiki/1385" title="1385">1385</a> inn i <a href="/wiki/Personalunion" title="Personalunion">personalunion</a> med <a href="/wiki/Storhertugd%C3%B8met_Litauen" class="mw-redirect" title="Storhertugdømet Litauen">Storhertugdømet Litauen</a> for å verne seg mot <a href="/wiki/Den_tyske_riddarordenen" title="Den tyske riddarordenen">Den tyske riddarordenen</a> og <a href="/wiki/Storfyrsted%C3%B8met_Moskva" title="Storfyrstedømet Moskva">Storfyrstedømet Moskva</a>. I <a href="/wiki/1569" title="1569">1569</a> vart ein <a href="/w/index.php?title=Realunion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Realunion (sida finst ikkje)">realunion</a> skapt mellom begge landa som <i>de facto</i> tydde at Litauen utgjorde ein del av Polen. Denne tida vert kalla for «det gylne hundreåret», medan det nyskapte landet vart kalla for <a href="/wiki/Det_polsk-litauiske_samveldet" title="Det polsk-litauiske samveldet">Det polsk-litauiske samveldet</a> eller «Republikken av to nasjonar» (polsk: <i>Rzeczpospolita Obojga Narodów</i>). Under <a href="/wiki/1500-talet" title="1500-talet">1500-</a>, <a href="/wiki/1600-talet" title="1600-talet">1600-</a> og <a href="/wiki/1700-talet" title="1700-talet">1700-talet</a> auka suksessivt makta til den polske adelen på kostnad av dei polske kongane, som til slutt førte til administrativt og sosialt kaos<sup id="cite_ref-Jas_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jas-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Det berømte uttrykket <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberum_veto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberum veto (sida finst ikkje)">liberum veto</a></i> (latin for «fritt veto») har opphavet sitt i tida då ein enkelt adelsmann hadde rett til å stoppe ei riksdagsavgjerd når absolutt semje om ei sak vart oppfatta som grunnleggjande for at ho skulle verte handheva<sup id="cite_ref-Aug_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aug-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Uttrykket <i><a href="/wiki/Polsk_riksdag" title="Polsk riksdag">polsk riksdag</a></i> stammar òg frå denne tida og vert brukt i dag om situasjonar der kaos og usemje rår. </p><p>Mellom <a href="/wiki/1594" title="1594">1594</a> og <a href="/wiki/1649" title="1649">1649</a> braut fleire kosakkopprør ut i det polske riket som ætta frå framfor alt religiøs forfylging av ortodokse ukrainarar av det katolske kyrkja og den polske staten. Det siste opprøret førte til at Ukraina i <a href="/wiki/1654" title="1654">1654</a> slutta seg til Russland. Ifylgje fredavtalen mellom Russland og Polen frå <a href="/wiki/1667" title="1667">1667</a> vart Ukraina definitivt tilføyd Russland. </p><p>Ved slutten av <a href="/wiki/1700-talet" title="1700-talet">1700-talet</a> vart det økonomisk og militært svake Polen <a href="/w/index.php?title=Delingar_av_Det_polsk-litauiske_samveldet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Delingar av Det polsk-litauiske samveldet (sida finst ikkje)">delt</a> ved tre høve (<a href="/wiki/1772" title="1772">1772</a>, <a href="/wiki/1793" title="1793">1793</a> og <a href="/wiki/1795" title="1795">1795</a>) opp mellom stormaktene <a href="/wiki/Det_russiske_imperiet" title="Det russiske imperiet">Russland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Konged%C3%B8met_Preussen" title="Kongedømet Preussen">Preussen</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Keisard%C3%B8met_Austerrike&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Keisardømet Austerrike (sida finst ikkje)">Austerrike</a>. Territoriet krympa ved begge fyrste delingane og gjennom den siste delinga tok landet slutt å eksistere som sjølvstendig stat. Den polske nasjonen fekk dernest forvalte og utvikle kulturen sin underjordisk, trass attvendande <a href="/w/index.php?title=Russifisering&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Russifisering (sida finst ikkje)">russifiserings</a>- og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fortysking&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fortysking (sida finst ikkje)">fortyskingskampanjar</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:K_Beyer_-_Plac_Zamkowy_z_namiotami_wojska_rosyjskiego_(1861).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/K_Beyer_-_Plac_Zamkowy_z_namiotami_wojska_rosyjskiego_%281861%29.jpg/200px-K_Beyer_-_Plac_Zamkowy_z_namiotami_wojska_rosyjskiego_%281861%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/K_Beyer_-_Plac_Zamkowy_z_namiotami_wojska_rosyjskiego_%281861%29.jpg/300px-K_Beyer_-_Plac_Zamkowy_z_namiotami_wojska_rosyjskiego_%281861%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/K_Beyer_-_Plac_Zamkowy_z_namiotami_wojska_rosyjskiego_%281861%29.jpg/400px-K_Beyer_-_Plac_Zamkowy_z_namiotami_wojska_rosyjskiego_%281861%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1004" data-file-height="855" /></a><figcaption>Den russiske armeen under unntakstilstand i Warszawa i 1861</figcaption></figure> <p>Tusenvis av polakkar vende seg til hærane til det <a href="/wiki/Den_franske_revolusjonen" title="Den franske revolusjonen">revolusjonære</a> <a href="/wiki/Frankrike" title="Frankrike">Frankrike</a> for å kjempe for fridomen til nasjonen under flagga deira i dei <a href="/w/index.php?title=Polske_legionar_i_Italia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polske legionar i Italia (sida finst ikkje)">polske legionane</a>. <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleon I">Napoleon I</a> oppretta i <a href="/wiki/1807" title="1807">1807</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Storhertugd%C3%B8met_Warszawa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Storhertugdømet Warszawa (sida finst ikkje)">Storhertugdømet Warszawa</a> som var ein fransk <a href="/w/index.php?title=Satellittstat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Satellittstat (sida finst ikkje)">satellittstat</a>. Polakkane forventa seg at storhertugdømet skulle vere det fyrste steget innfor attoppretting av ein suveren polsk stat. Storhertugdømet Warszawa vart likevel erobra av styrkane til <a href="/wiki/Den_sjette_koalisjonskrigen" title="Den sjette koalisjonskrigen">den sjette koalisjonen</a> i <a href="/wiki/1813" title="1813">1813</a> og etterpå delt mellom Russland og Preussen etter <a href="/wiki/Wienerkongressen" title="Wienerkongressen">Wienerkongressen</a> i <a href="/wiki/1815" title="1815">1815</a>. Under resten av <a href="/wiki/1800-talet" title="1800-talet">1800-talet</a> tok fleire mislukka opprør plass, derav alle slost ned hardt (1830-31, 1832, 1844, 1846, 1848-49, 1863-65, 1866, 1905). Polakkar tok del ogso i opprør i andre statar som var direkte eller indirekte retta mot nokon av Polen sine tre okkupasjonsmakter. Det var berre etter den <a href="/wiki/Fyrste_verdskrig" class="mw-redirect" title="Fyrste verdskrig">fyrste verdskrigen</a> då den uavhengige, suverene polske staten vart atterreist. Kampane i Polen slutta likke fullt ikkje etter den fyrste verdskrigen. Det atterfødde Polen ende opp straks i konflikt med alle grannestatar over territoria som det hadde krav på. </p><p>Konflikten med Ukraina og deretter med <a href="/wiki/Sovjetunionen" title="Sovjetunionen">Sovjetunionen</a> var den mest alvorlege og mest omfattande. <a href="/wiki/Den_polsk-sovjetiske_krigen" title="Den polsk-sovjetiske krigen">Den polsk-sovjetiske krigen</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=1920-1921&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1920-1921 (sida finst ikkje)">1920-1921</a>) slutta med ein polsk siger. Den polske grensa mot Sovjetunionen vart fastsett i <a href="/wiki/1921" title="1921">1921</a> gjennom fredsavtalen i <a href="/wiki/Riga" title="Riga">Riga</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Den_andre_republikken_og_andre_verdskrig">Den andre republikken og andre verdskrig</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polen&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Endre bolk: Den andre republikken og andre verdskrig" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polen&action=edit&section=5" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Den andre republikken og andre verdskrig"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Warsaw_1939_Krakowskie_Przedmiescie_photo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Warsaw_1939_Krakowskie_Przedmiescie_photo.jpg/200px-Warsaw_1939_Krakowskie_Przedmiescie_photo.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Warsaw_1939_Krakowskie_Przedmiescie_photo.jpg/300px-Warsaw_1939_Krakowskie_Przedmiescie_photo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Warsaw_1939_Krakowskie_Przedmiescie_photo.jpg/400px-Warsaw_1939_Krakowskie_Przedmiescie_photo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="796" data-file-height="562" /></a><figcaption>Bysenteret i Warszawa i 1939</figcaption></figure> <p>Etter at polske grenser vart fastsette, oppstod det mange politiske og etniske problem – Polen var ein multietnisk stat som gjekk inn i konfliktar over grenser med nesten alle grannane sine. Ved sida av den store <a href="/wiki/Den_polsk-sovjetiske_krigen" title="Den polsk-sovjetiske krigen">polsk-sovjetiske krigen</a> kjempa polakkar mellom anna mot <a href="/wiki/Litauen" title="Litauen">Litauen</a> over <a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius</a><sup id="cite_ref-Buc_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Buc-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> og mot <a href="/wiki/Tsjekkoslovakia" title="Tsjekkoslovakia">Tsjekkoslovakia</a> over <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zaolzie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zaolzie (sida finst ikkje)">Zaolzie</a><sup id="cite_ref-Cza_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cza-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Sjølv om militære operasjonar tok slutt i <a href="/wiki/1921" title="1921">1921</a>, vart den tunge politiske situasjonen behalden og påverkar framleis internasjonale forhold mellom Poland og grannelanda<sup id="cite_ref-Mss_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mss-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Smi_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smi-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Bundesarchiv_Bild_137-068427,_Wartheland,_Neubauten_f%C3%BCr_Umsiedler.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Bundesarchiv_Bild_137-068427%2C_Wartheland%2C_Neubauten_f%C3%BCr_Umsiedler.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_137-068427%2C_Wartheland%2C_Neubauten_f%C3%BCr_Umsiedler.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Bundesarchiv_Bild_137-068427%2C_Wartheland%2C_Neubauten_f%C3%BCr_Umsiedler.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_137-068427%2C_Wartheland%2C_Neubauten_f%C3%BCr_Umsiedler.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Bundesarchiv_Bild_137-068427%2C_Wartheland%2C_Neubauten_f%C3%BCr_Umsiedler.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_137-068427%2C_Wartheland%2C_Neubauten_f%C3%BCr_Umsiedler.jpg 2x" data-file-width="787" data-file-height="531" /></a><figcaption>Ny landsby for etnisk tyske (<i>Volksdeutsche</i>) som var forflytta frå det austlege Polen (som då, 1940, var okkupert av Sovjetunionen) til «<a href="/w/index.php?title=Reichsgau_Wartheland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reichsgau Wartheland (sida finst ikkje)">Reichsgau Wartheland</a>» annektert av Tyskland. <div style="font-size:85%"> Foto: Bundesarchiv, Bild 137-068427 / CC-BY-SA 3.0 </div></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mai-kuppet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mai-kuppet (sida finst ikkje)">Mai-kuppet</a> <a href="/wiki/12._mai" title="12. mai">12.</a>-<a href="/wiki/14._mai" title="14. mai">14. mai</a> <a href="/wiki/1926" title="1926">1926</a> overførte leiinga av Den andre polske republikken til <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sanacja-r%C3%B8rsla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sanacja-rørsla (sida finst ikkje)">Sanacja-rørsla</a> under <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Pi%C5%82sudski" title="Józef Piłsudski">Józef Piłsudski</a> som innførte eit autoritært styre i landet<sup id="cite_ref-Dav-a_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dav-a-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Sjølv om Piłsudski døydde i <a href="/wiki/1935" title="1935">1935</a>, kontrollerte Sanacja Polen fram til byrjinga av den andre verdskrigen <a href="/wiki/1._september" title="1. september">1. september</a> <a href="/wiki/1939" title="1939">1939</a>, då Polen vart invadert av og delt mellom <a href="/wiki/Det_tredje_riket" title="Det tredje riket">Det tredje riket</a> og <a href="/wiki/Sovjetunionen" title="Sovjetunionen">Sovjetunionen</a>, ifylgje dei hemmelege klausulane i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ribbentrop-Molotov-pakten&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ribbentrop-Molotov-pakten (sida finst ikkje)">Ribbentrop-Molotov-pakten</a>. Det polske territoriet var under delt sovjetisk og tysk okkupasjon fram til juni <a href="/wiki/1941" title="1941">1941</a>. </p><p>I denne perioden dreiv både tyskarane og sovjetarane forfylging av lokalbefolkninga med særleg fokus på å råke den polske eliten. Kringom 200 000 vart avretta eller døydde i fangenskap, med dei to regima ansvarlege for omtrent halvdelen kvar. Desse tala inkluderer om lag 50 000 menneske som vart avretta av tyskarane hausten 1939, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Massemordet_i_Katyn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Massemordet i Katyn (sida finst ikkje)">massemordet på den polske offiserseliten i Katyn</a> våren 1940 og nesten 10 000 som vart skotne i ein hasteaksjon av <a href="/wiki/NKVD" title="NKVD">NKVD</a> etter Tyskland invaderte Sovjetunionen i juni 1941, og personar som døydde som fylgje av deportasjonen av sirka 315 000 menneske til <a href="/wiki/Gulag" title="Gulag">sovjetiske arbeidsleirar</a> i <a href="/wiki/Sibir" title="Sibir">Sibir</a> og <a href="/wiki/Kasakhstan" title="Kasakhstan">Kasakhstan</a><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Katyn_massacre_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Katyn_massacre_1.jpg/200px-Katyn_massacre_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Katyn_massacre_1.jpg/300px-Katyn_massacre_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Katyn_massacre_1.jpg/400px-Katyn_massacre_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="670" data-file-height="401" /></a><figcaption>Ei av massegravene i Katyn</figcaption></figure> <p>Regimet til <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> var særleg hardt mot den polske sivilbefolkninga. Av alle land som var med i andre verdskrig, mista Polen den høgaste prosentdelen av befolkninga si. Den tyske okkupasjonen kravde livet til 6 millionar polakkar, halvdelen av dei polske <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B8dar" title="Jødar">jødar</a>. Jødane utgjorde ved byrjinga av invasjonen om lag 10% av landet si befolkning, og rundt 90% av dei vart <a href="/wiki/Holocaust" title="Holocaust">rydda ut</a>. I tillegg kom enorme materielle øydeleggingar, der mellom anna Warszawa vart jamna med jorda<sup id="cite_ref-Dav-a_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dav-a-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Etter krigen måtte Polen, som fylgje av den sovjetisk-britisk-amerikanske <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaltakonferansen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jaltakonferansen (sida finst ikkje)">Jaltaavtalen</a>, gje avkall på store område i aust til Sovjetunionen, medan grensene ti landet vart forskuva vestover. Det nye Polen vart 20% mindre enn før krigen, og grenseendringane framtvinga migrasjonen av millionar av menneske – polakkar, tyskarar, ukrainarar og jødar. Som fylgje av desse hendingane vart Polen for fyrste gong i sin fleirkulturelle historie ein etnisk homogen stat. Ein polsk minoritet finst framleis i grannelanda Ukraina, Kviterussland og Litauen, so vel som i fleire andre land. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Etter_andre_verdenskrig">Etter andre verdenskrig</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polen&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Endre bolk: Etter andre verdenskrig" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polen&action=edit&section=6" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Etter andre verdenskrig"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Makta i Polen vart overteken av ein sovjetkontrollert overgangsregjering gjennom rigga val som gav makta til sosialist- og kommunistdrivne parti i samband med frigjeringa frå <a href="/wiki/Det_tredje_riket" title="Det tredje riket">Nazi-Tyskland</a> under slutten av andre verdskrig. Landet var utropt som ein <a href="/wiki/Sosialisme" title="Sosialisme">sosialistisk</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Folkerepublikk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Folkerepublikk (sida finst ikkje)">folkerepublikk</a> (offentleg namn <a href="/wiki/1947" title="1947">1947</a>-<a href="/wiki/1990" title="1990">1990</a>: <i>Polska Rzeczpospolita Ludowa</i> – «<a href="/w/index.php?title=Folkerepublikken_Polen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Folkerepublikken Polen (sida finst ikkje)">Folkerepublikken Polen</a>» i <a href="/wiki/1947" title="1947">1947</a> etter kampar som kosta ytterlegare 100 000 polakkar livet. Landet var under tida si som folkerepublikk medlem av <a href="/wiki/Warszawapakta" title="Warszawapakta">Warszawapakta</a> og <a href="/wiki/COMECON" title="COMECON">COMECON</a>. Under autoritær leiing av <a href="/w/index.php?title=Det_sameinte_polske_arbeidarpartiet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Det sameinte polske arbeidarpartiet (sida finst ikkje)">Det sameinte polske arbeidarpartiet</a> (PZPR) heldt Polen fram med å vere sosialistisk folkerepublikk <i>de iure</i> til <a href="/wiki/1990" title="1990">1990</a> (<i>de facto</i> <a href="/wiki/1989" title="1989">1989</a>), då eit fritt, demokratisk land var proklamert. </p><p>Under Stalin-perioden vart landet styrt med ganske repressive metodar. Etter dauden til Stalin var ei viss reformering og liberalisering innført under <a href="/w/index.php?title=W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Gomu%C5%82ka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Władysław Gomułka (sida finst ikkje)">Władysław Gomułka</a>. Etter <a href="/wiki/1968" title="1968">1968</a> vert misnøya med systemet kanalisert i ei <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antisemitisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antisemitisme (sida finst ikkje)">antisemitisk</a> utreinsking og i <a href="/wiki/1970" title="1970">1970</a>, etter opptøyane i hamnebyane <a href="/wiki/Gda%C5%84sk" title="Gdańsk">Gdańsk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gdynia" title="Gdynia">Gdynia</a> i <a href="/wiki/Szczecin" title="Szczecin">Szczecin</a>, der fleire demonstrerande arbeidarar vart daudskotne, vart Gomułka avsett av <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_Gierek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edward Gierek (sida finst ikkje)">Edward Gierek</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Jimmy_Carter_and_Edward_Gierek_1977.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Jimmy_Carter_and_Edward_Gierek_1977.gif/220px-Jimmy_Carter_and_Edward_Gierek_1977.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Jimmy_Carter_and_Edward_Gierek_1977.gif/330px-Jimmy_Carter_and_Edward_Gierek_1977.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Jimmy_Carter_and_Edward_Gierek_1977.gif/440px-Jimmy_Carter_and_Edward_Gierek_1977.gif 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="410" /></a><figcaption>Edward Gierek leia kommunistpartiet 1970-1980. Her til høgre saman med <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a>, 30. desember 1977. <div style="font-size:85%"> Foto: White House Staff Photographers </div></figcaption></figure> <p>Gierek freista å modernisere industrien i landet gjennom vidløftige lån og import, dette samstundes som misnøya mellom befolkninga auka og førte til ei langvarig streikebølgje. I september <a href="/wiki/1980" title="1980">1980</a> vart Gierek avsett av partiet. Straks deretter vert den frie fagforeininga og statborgarrettsorganisasjonen <i>Solidarność</i> («Solidaritet») skapt under dei ville streikane, med <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leninverven&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leninverven (sida finst ikkje)">Leninverven</a> i Gdańsk som sentrum. Til streikleiar vart <a href="/wiki/Lech_Wa%C5%82%C4%99sa" title="Lech Wałęsa">Lech Wałęsa</a>, den framtidige presidenten i Polen, oppnemnd. Arbeidarane ved verven kravde å få forhandle med regjeringa i direktesend TV for å minske moglegheitene til regjeringa å manipulere kravet. I <a href="/wiki/1981" title="1981">1981</a> vart general <a href="/wiki/Wojciech_Jaruzelski" title="Wojciech Jaruzelski">Wojciech Jaruzelski</a> vald som partileiaren og <a href="/wiki/13._desember" title="13. desember">13. desember</a> 1981 innførte han <a href="/wiki/Unntakstilstand" title="Unntakstilstand">unntakstilstand</a> for å attopprette kontrollen over landet og antakeleg i eit forsøk å forhindre ein sovjetisk invasjon, liknande den frå <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oppstanden_i_Ungarn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oppstanden i Ungarn (sida finst ikkje)">Ungarn (1956)</a> og <a href="/wiki/Prahav%C3%A5ren" title="Prahavåren">Tsjekkoslovakia (1968)</a>. Jaruzelski heldt fram med å vere ved makta til samanbrotet av sosialismen i austblokka i <a href="/wiki/1989" title="1989">1989</a>, var president under overgangstida og gjekk av i <a href="/wiki/1990" title="1990">1990</a>, då leiaren til «Solidaritet», Lech Wałęsa tiltredde stillinga. Sidan dess har landet demokratisk styreform. </p><p>Under sosialistane lei landet av store brot av statsborgarrett og demokrati, ineffektiv produksjon og mangel på varer på marknaden, som leidde til at korrupsjon og svartebørssystem var permanente problem. All industri og alle kommunikasjonsmiddel var statsåtte, med unntak for små handverk- og handelsføretak. I motsetnad til Sovjetunionen og dei andre satellittstatane heldt det meste av jordbruket fram med å vere privatått av sjølvstendige småbrukarar. Ved overgangen til <a href="/wiki/Marknads%C3%B8konomi" title="Marknadsøkonomi">marknadsøkonomi</a> stilte mellom anna <a href="/wiki/Verdsbanken" title="Verdsbanken">Verdsbanken</a> krav på sanering av økonomien. I dag har landet høg vokster mellom anna gjennom utvidking av tenestsektoren og gjennom flytting av produksjon frå vestlege land. Høg arbeidsløyse og låge lønner er ein av orsakane til at mange polakkar vandrar ut til <a href="/wiki/Vest-Europa" title="Vest-Europa">Vest-Europa</a>, noko som i det siste vert oppfatta som ein av største utfordringar for landet sin økonomi. </p><p>Polen gjekk med i <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> i <a href="/wiki/1999" title="1999">1999</a>, i <a href="/wiki/OECD" class="mw-redirect" title="OECD">OECD</a> i <a href="/wiki/1966" title="1966">1966</a>, og i <a href="/wiki/Den_europeiske_unionen" title="Den europeiske unionen">EU</a> i <a href="/wiki/2004" title="2004">2004</a>. Sidan dei politiske endringane i <a href="/wiki/1989" title="1989">1989</a> har Polen tok del i fleire militære operasjonar verda rundt som USA sin allierte<sup id="cite_ref-Ahs_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ahs-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politikk_og_administrasjon">Politikk og administrasjon</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polen&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Endre bolk: Politikk og administrasjon" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polen&action=edit&section=7" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Politikk og administrasjon"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Politisk_system">Politisk system</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polen&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Endre bolk: Politisk system" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polen&action=edit&section=8" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Politisk system"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administrativ_inndeling">Administrativ inndeling</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polen&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Endre bolk: Administrativ inndeling" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polen&action=edit&section=9" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Administrativ inndeling"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Polens administrative inndeling har tre nivå. 16 <a href="/wiki/Voivodskap" title="Voivodskap">voivodskap</a> (<i>landskap</i>), som er det høgaste nivået, vert delte inn i 379 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Powiat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Powiat (sida finst ikkje)">powiatar</a> (<i>krinsar</i>), som vidare vert delte i 2 478 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gmina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gmina (sida finst ikkje)">gminaar</a> (<i>kommunar</i>). Dei noverande voivodskapa samsvarer ofte med historiske regionar i landet og vert etablerte saman med powiatane i <a href="/wiki/1999" title="1999">1999</a>, som erstatning for gamle 49 voivodskap, sentrerte rundt og namngjevne etter individuelle byar. Voivodskapa varierer i areal (frå under 10 000 km² til over 35 000 km²) og i befolkning (frå éin til over fem millionar innbyggjarar). Det administrative styret av voivodskapa er delt mellom ein statsinnsett voivod (guvernør), ei vald regional samling (<i>sejmik</i>) og ein internvald leiar for denne samlinga. </p><p>Av 379 powiatar, er 65 eigentleg bykommunar som på grunn av økonomiske eller historiske faktorar har rettar av både kommune og powiat. </p> <table style="border-collapse:collapse; border-color:#f2f2f4; margin-top:1px; margin-bottom:15px; font-size:84%" cellpadding="1" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th bgcolor="#ffffff" rowspan="18" width="40%"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:POLSKA_mapa_woj_z_powiatami.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/POLSKA_mapa_woj_z_powiatami.png/400px-POLSKA_mapa_woj_z_powiatami.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="371" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/POLSKA_mapa_woj_z_powiatami.png/600px-POLSKA_mapa_woj_z_powiatami.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/POLSKA_mapa_woj_z_powiatami.png/800px-POLSKA_mapa_woj_z_powiatami.png 2x" data-file-width="1021" data-file-height="948" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </th> <th bgcolor="#efefef" width="3%"> </th> <th align="left" bgcolor="#f2f2f4" width="19%">Voivodskap </th> <th align="left" bgcolor="#f2f2f4" width="14%">Hovudstad </th> <th align="right" bgcolor="#f2f2f4" width="11%">Flatevidd (km²) </th> <th align="right" bgcolor="#f2f2f4" width="13%">Folkemengd<sup>(1)</sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center">1</td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Nederschlesiske_voivodskap" title="Nederschlesiske voivodskap">dolnośląskie</a></b> (Nederschlesiske voivodskap)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wroc%C5%82aw" title="Wrocław">Wrocław</a></td> <td align="right">19 947</td> <td align="right">2 888 232 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">2</td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Kujaviskpommerske_voivodskap" title="Kujaviskpommerske voivodskap">kujawsko-pomorskie</a></b> (Kujaviskpommerske voivodskap)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bydgoszcz" title="Bydgoszcz">Bydgoszcz</a>/<a href="/wiki/Toru%C5%84" title="Toruń">Toruń</a><sup>(2)</sup></td> <td align="right">17 972</td> <td align="right">2 068 253 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">3</td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Lublin-voivodskapet" title="Lublin-voivodskapet">lubelskie</a></b> (Lublin-voivodskapet)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lublin" title="Lublin">Lublin</a></td> <td align="right">25 122</td> <td align="right">2 179 611 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">4</td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Lubusz-voivodskapet" title="Lubusz-voivodskapet">lubuskie</a></b> (Lubusz-voivodskapet)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gorz%C3%B3w_Wielkopolski" title="Gorzów Wielkopolski">Gorzów Wielkopolski</a>/<a href="/wiki/Zielona_G%C3%B3ra" title="Zielona Góra">Zielona Góra</a><sup>(3)</sup></td> <td align="right">13 988</td> <td align="right">1 009 198 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">5</td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/%C5%81%C3%B3d%C5%BA-voivodskapet" title="Łódź-voivodskapet">łódzkie</a></b> (Łódź-voivodskapet)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C5%81%C3%B3d%C5%BA" title="Łódź">Łódź</a></td> <td align="right">18 219</td> <td align="right">2 577 465 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">6</td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Veslepolske_voivodskap" title="Veslepolske voivodskap">małopolskie</a></b> (Veslepolske voivodskap)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w" title="Kraków">Kraków</a></td> <td align="right">15 183</td> <td align="right">3 266 187 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">7</td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Masoviske_voivodskap" title="Masoviske voivodskap">mazowieckie</a></b> (Masoviske voivodskap)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Warszawa" title="Warszawa">Warszawa</a></td> <td align="right">35 557</td> <td align="right">5 157 729 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">8</td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Opole-voivodskapet" title="Opole-voivodskapet">opolskie</a></b> (Opole-voivodskapet)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Opole" title="Opole">Opole</a></td> <td align="right">9 412</td> <td align="right">1 047 407 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">9</td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Subkarpatiske_voivodskap" title="Subkarpatiske voivodskap">podkarpackie</a></b> (Subkarpatiske voivodskap)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rzesz%C3%B3w" title="Rzeszów">Rzeszów</a></td> <td align="right">17 846</td> <td align="right">2 098 263 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">10</td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Podlasie-voivodskapet" title="Podlasie-voivodskapet">podlaskie</a></b> (Podlasie-voivodskapet)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Białystok">Białystok</a></td> <td align="right">20 187</td> <td align="right">1 199 689 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">11</td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Pommerske_voivodskap" title="Pommerske voivodskap">pomorskie</a></b> (Pommerske voivodskap)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gda%C5%84sk" title="Gdańsk">Gdańsk</a></td> <td align="right">18 314</td> <td align="right">2 199 043 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">12</td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Schlesiske_voivodskap" title="Schlesiske voivodskap">śląskie</a></b> (Schlesiske voivodskap)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Katowice" title="Katowice">Katowice</a></td> <td align="right">12.334</td> <td align="right">4 685 775 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">13</td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Awi%C4%99ty_Krzy%C5%BC-voivodskapet" title="Święty Krzyż-voivodskapet">świętokrzyskie</a></b> (Święty Krzyż-voivodskapet)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kielce" title="Kielce">Kielce</a></td> <td align="right">11.710</td> <td align="right">1 285 007 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">14</td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Ermelandskmasuriske_voivodskap" title="Ermelandskmasuriske voivodskap">warmińsko-mazurskie</a></b> (Ermelandskmasuriske voivodskap)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Olsztyn" title="Olsztyn">Olsztyn</a></td> <td align="right">24 173</td> <td align="right">1 428 601 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">15</td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Storpolske_voivodskap" title="Storpolske voivodskap">wielkopolskie</a></b> (Storpolske voivodskap)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pozna%C5%84" title="Poznań">Poznań</a></td> <td align="right">29 827</td> <td align="right">3 372 417 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">16</td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Vestpommerske_voivodskap" class="mw-redirect" title="Vestpommerske voivodskap">zachodniopomorskie</a></b> (Vestpommerske voivodskap)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Szczecin" title="Szczecin">Szczecin</a></td> <td align="right">22 892</td> <td align="right">1 694 178 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="6" style="font-size:smaller"> <p><sup>(1)</sup> <a href="/wiki/1._januar" title="1. januar">1. januar</a> <a href="/wiki/2006" title="2006">2006</a> <br /> <sup>(2)</sup> <a href="/wiki/Bydgoszcz" title="Bydgoszcz">Bydgoszcz</a> er sete for regjeringsrepresentant (<i>wojewoda</i>), medan <a href="/wiki/Toru%C5%84" title="Toruń">Toruń</a> – for lokalt sjølvstyre.<br /> <sup>(3)</sup> <a href="/wiki/Gorz%C3%B3w_Wielkopolski" title="Gorzów Wielkopolski">Gorzów Wielkopolski</a> er sete for regjeringsrepresentat, medan <a href="/wiki/Zielona_G%C3%B3ra" title="Zielona Góra">Zielona Góra</a> – for lokalt sjølvstyre. </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Klima">Klima</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polen&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Endre bolk: Klima" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polen&action=edit&section=10" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Klima"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Park_zdrojowy,_1827,_1939,_po_1945_(56).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Park_zdrojowy%2C_1827%2C_1939%2C_po_1945_%2856%29.JPG/220px-Park_zdrojowy%2C_1827%2C_1939%2C_po_1945_%2856%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Park_zdrojowy%2C_1827%2C_1939%2C_po_1945_%2856%29.JPG/330px-Park_zdrojowy%2C_1827%2C_1939%2C_po_1945_%2856%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Park_zdrojowy%2C_1827%2C_1939%2C_po_1945_%2856%29.JPG/440px-Park_zdrojowy%2C_1827%2C_1939%2C_po_1945_%2856%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption>Spa-parken <i>Park Zdrojowy</i> i <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Awinouj%C5%9Bcie" title="Świnoujście">Świnoujście</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Polen er eit forholdsvis stort land, men ein finn ikkje dei store <a href="/wiki/Klima" title="Klima">klimatiske</a> variasjonane i landet. <a href="/wiki/V%C3%AAr" title="Vêr">Vêret</a> i seg sjølv varierer derimot ein del, både frå dag til dag og frå årstid til årstid. Sommaren har som regel varme dagar og ikkje altfor kjølige netter med <a href="/wiki/Temperatur" title="Temperatur">temperaturar</a> over 30 °C eller under 10 °C eit par gonger i løpet sommaren. <a href="/wiki/Torev%C3%AAr" title="Torevêr">Torevêr</a> er forholdsvis vanleg frå mai til august, og innimellom kan vedvarande <a href="/wiki/Regn" title="Regn">regn</a> føre til <a href="/wiki/Flaum" title="Flaum">flaum</a>. I kystområda av <a href="/wiki/Austersj%C3%B8en" title="Austersjøen">Austersjøen</a> går derimot torebyene over i regnbyer, og temperaturen er noko lågare, rundt 16-20 °C. Fjellområda <a href="/wiki/Karpatane" title="Karpatane">Karpatane</a> og <a href="/wiki/Sudetane" title="Sudetane">Sudetane</a> kan få mykje torevêr og store temperatursvingingar. </p><p>Hausten fører ofte med seg mykje fint vêr i store delar av Polen, inkludert skogområda i sør og ved foten av Karpatane. <a href="/wiki/Nedb%C3%B8r" title="Nedbør">Nedbørsmengdene</a> minkar vanlegvis om hausten, bortsett frå på kysten i nord som ofte får ein del <a href="/wiki/Yr" title="Yr">yr</a>. Temperaturane held seg stort sett over frysepunktet til ut i november. Når vinteren set inn vert det derimot <a href="/wiki/Sky" title="Sky">skya</a> og kaldt (ofte svært kaldt) med lett <a href="/wiki/Sn%C3%B8" title="Snø">snøfall</a> om lag annakvar dag. Dei austlege og nordlege områda er som regel dekte av snø i januar og februar, og sjølv langs Austersjøkysten kjem det vanlegvis snø, men sjeldan i store mengder. Langs kysten kan det derimot blåse ein del om vinteren. Enkelte vinterdagar kan temperaturen stige over 10 °C, særleg i sørlege område når ein sørleg <a href="/wiki/F%C3%B8nvind" title="Fønvind">fønvind</a> strøymer over fjellrekkjene der. </p><p>Våren er like tørr som hausten, og dette er tida på året med flest klårvêrsdagar. Temperaturane kan derimot svinge ein god del, frå nesten sommarlege temperaturar om dagen til frost om natta. <a href="/wiki/Warszawa" title="Warszawa">Warszawa</a>, som er representativ for klimaet i store delar av Polen, har ein årleg nedbørsnormal på 555 mm, der om lag halvparten fell mellom mai og august. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referansar">Referansar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polen&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Endre bolk: Referansar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polen&action=edit&section=11" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Referansar"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3318915">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2" style=""> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-StAGN-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-StAGN_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://141.74.33.52/stagn/JordanEuropaRegional/tabid/71/Default.aspx">«StAGN-Empfehlung zur Großgliederung Europas»</a> (på tysk). StAGN.de<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 13. juni 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3APolen&rft.btitle=StAGN-Empfehlung+zur+Gro%C3%9Fgliederung+Europas&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=StAGN.de&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2F141.74.33.52%2Fstagn%2FJordanEuropaRegional%2Ftabid%2F71%2FDefault.aspx&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UN-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-UN_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unstats.un.org/unsd/methods/m49/m49regin.htm#europe">«Composition of macro geographical (continental) regions, geographical sub-regions, and selected economic and other groupings»</a>. Dei sameinte nasjonane<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 13. juni 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3APolen&rft.btitle=Composition+of+macro+geographical+%28continental%29+regions%2C+geographical+sub-regions%2C+and+selected+economic+and+other+groupings&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Dei+sameinte+nasjonane&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Funstats.un.org%2Funsd%2Fmethods%2Fm49%2Fm49regin.htm%23europe&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GUS-A-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-GUS-A_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stat.gov.pl/statystyka-regionalna/rankingi-statystyczne/ranking-wojewodztw-pod-wzgledem-powierzchni-2605/">«Ranking województw pod względem powierzchni»</a> (på polsk). Główny Urząd Statystyczny (<i>Statistisk sentralbyrå</i>). 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3APolen&rft.btitle=Ranking+wojew%C3%B3dztw+pod+wzgl%C4%99dem+powierzchni&rft.date=2013&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=G%C5%82%C3%B3wny+Urz%C4%85d+Statystyczny+%28%27%27Statistisk+sentralbyr%C3%A5%27%27%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstat.gov.pl%2Fstatystyka-regionalna%2Frankingi-statystyczne%2Franking-wojewodztw-pod-wzgledem-powierzchni-2605%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GUS-B-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-GUS-B_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stat.gov.pl/podstawowe-dane/">«Informacje podstawowe»</a> (på polsk). Główny Urząd Statystyczny (<i>Statistisk sentralbyrå</i>). 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3APolen&rft.btitle=Informacje+podstawowe&rft.date=2014&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=G%C5%82%C3%B3wny+Urz%C4%85d+Statystyczny+%28%27%27Statistisk+sentralbyr%C3%A5%27%27%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstat.gov.pl%2Fpodstawowe-dane%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GUS-C-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-GUS-C_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Stańczak, J.; Znajewska, A. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stat.gov.pl/download/cps/rde/xbcr/gus/L_ludnosc_stan_struktura_30-06-2013.pdf"><i>Ludność. Stan i struktura w przekroju terytorialnym</i></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> (på polsk). Warszawa: Departament Badań Demograficznych i Rynku Pracy GUS.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3APolen&rft.au=Sta%C5%84czak%2C+J.%3B+Znajewska%2C+A.&rft.btitle=Ludno%C5%9B%C4%87.+Stan+i+struktura+w+przekroju+terytorialnym&rft.date=2013&rft.genre=book&rft.place=Warszawa&rft.pub=Departament+Bada%C5%84+Demograficznych+i+Rynku+Pracy+GUS&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstat.gov.pl%2Fdownload%2Fcps%2Frde%2Fxbcr%2Fgus%2FL_ludnosc_stan_struktura_30-06-2013.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33"> CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_Multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dav-a-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Dav-a_6-0">6,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Dav-a_6-1">6,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Dav-a_6-2">6,2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Davies, N. (2005). <i>God's Playground: A History of Poland, Vol. 2</i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3APolen&rft.au=Davies%2C+N.&rft.btitle=God%27s+Playground%3A+A+History+of+Poland%2C+Vol.+2&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=book&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Pilawski, K. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.przeglad-tygodnik.pl/pl/artykul/polsce-nie-bylo-komunizmu">«W Polsce nie było komunizmu»</a>. <i>Przegląd</i> (49/2013).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3APolen&rft.atitle=W+Polsce+nie+by%C5%82o+komunizmu&rft.au=Pilawski%2C+K.&rft.date=2013&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=49%2F2013&rft.jtitle=Przegl%C4%85d&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.przeglad-tygodnik.pl%2Fpl%2Fartykul%2Fpolsce-nie-bylo-komunizmu&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KDK-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-KDK_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Długosz-Kurczabowa, K. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://poradnia.pwn.pl/lista.php?id=2783">«Jaka jest etymologia słowa Polska (nazwa kraju)?»</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 13. juni 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3APolen&rft.au=D%C5%82ugosz-Kurczabowa%2C+K.&rft.btitle=Jaka+jest+etymologia+s%C5%82owa+Polska+%28nazwa+kraju%29%3F&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fporadnia.pwn.pl%2Flista.php%3Fid%3D2783&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Urb-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Urb_9-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Urbańczyk, P. (2008). <i>Trudne początki Polski</i>. Wrocław: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3APolen&rft.au=Urba%C5%84czyk%2C+P.&rft.btitle=Trudne+pocz%C4%85tki+Polski&rft.date=2008&rft.genre=book&rft.place=Wroc%C5%82aw&rft.pub=Wydawnictwo+Uniwersytetu+Wroc%C5%82awskiego&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ler-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Ler_10-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Lehr-Spławiński, T. (1978). <i>Język polski. Pochodzenie, powstanie, rozwój</i>. Warszawa: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3APolen&rft.au=Lehr-Sp%C5%82awi%C5%84ski%2C+T.&rft.btitle=J%C4%99zyk+polski.+Pochodzenie%2C+powstanie%2C+rozw%C3%B3j&rft.date=1978&rft.genre=book&rft.place=Warszawa&rft.pub=Pa%C5%84stwowe+Wydawnictwo+Naukowe&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sog-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Sog_11-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://heimskringla.no/wiki/Saga_om_Didrik_av_Bern">«Didrik av Berns saga»</a>. Heimskringla.no<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 13. juni 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3APolen&rft.btitle=Didrik+av+Berns+saga&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Heimskringla.no&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fheimskringla.no%2Fwiki%2FSaga_om_Didrik_av_Bern&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wyr-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Wyr_12-0">12,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Wyr_12-1">12,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Wyrozumski, J. (1988). <i>Historia Polski: do roku 1505</i>. Warszawa: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3APolen&rft.au=Wyrozumski%2C+J.&rft.btitle=Historia+Polski%3A+do+roku+1505&rft.date=1988&rft.genre=book&rft.place=Warszawa&rft.pub=Pa%C5%84stwowe+Wydawnictwo+Naukowe&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Der-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Der_13-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Derwich, M.; Żurek, A. (2003). <i>Polska. Dzieje cywilizacji i narodu. Tom I: U źródeł Polski. Do roku 1038</i>. Warszawa-Wrocław: Bertelsmann Media-Wydawnictwo Dolnośląskie.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3APolen&rft.au=Derwich%2C+M.%3B+%C5%BBurek%2C+A.&rft.btitle=Polska.+Dzieje+cywilizacji+i+narodu.+Tom+I%3A+U+%C5%BAr%C3%B3de%C5%82+Polski.+Do+roku+1038&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=book&rft.place=Warszawa-Wroc%C5%82aw&rft.pub=Bertelsmann+Media-Wydawnictwo+Dolno%C5%9Bl%C4%85skie&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33"> CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_Multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Buj-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Buj_14-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Bujak, A. (1999). <i>Królewski Kraków</i>. Kraków: Biały Kruk.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3APolen&rft.au=Bujak%2C+A.&rft.btitle=Kr%C3%B3lewski+Krak%C3%B3w&rft.date=1999&rft.genre=book&rft.place=Krak%C3%B3w&rft.pub=Bia%C5%82y+Kruk&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hig-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Hig_15-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Higounet, Ch. (2001). <i>Die deutsche Ostsiedlung im Mittelalter</i>. Berlin: Siedler.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3APolen&rft.au=Higounet%2C+Ch.&rft.btitle=Die+deutsche+Ostsiedlung+im+Mittelalter&rft.date=2001&rft.genre=book&rft.place=Berlin&rft.pub=Siedler&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jas-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Jas_16-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Jasienica, P. (1972). <i>Rzeczpospolita Obojga Narodów. Dzieje agonii</i>. Warszawa: Prószyński i S-ka.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3APolen&rft.au=Jasienica%2C+P.&rft.btitle=Rzeczpospolita+Obojga+Narod%C3%B3w.+Dzieje+agonii&rft.date=1972&rft.genre=book&rft.place=Warszawa&rft.pub=Pr%C3%B3szy%C5%84ski+i+S-ka&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Aug-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Aug_17-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Augustyniak, U. (2008). <i>Historia Polski 1572-1795</i>. Warszawa: PWN.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3APolen&rft.au=Augustyniak%2C+U.&rft.btitle=Historia+Polski+1572-1795&rft.date=2008&rft.genre=book&rft.place=Warszawa&rft.pub=PWN&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Buc-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Buc_18-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Buchowski, K. (2006). <i>Litwomani i polonizatorzy</i>. Białystok: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Białostockiego.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3APolen&rft.au=Buchowski%2C+K.&rft.btitle=Litwomani+i+polonizatorzy&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=book&rft.place=Bia%C5%82ystok&rft.pub=Wydawnictwo+Uniwersytetu+Bia%C5%82ostockiego&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cza-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Cza_19-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Czapliński, M.; et al. (2002). <i>Historia Śląska</i>. Wrocław: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3APolen&rft.au=Czapli%C5%84ski%2C+M.&rft.btitle=Historia+%C5%9Al%C4%85ska&rft.date=2002&rft.genre=book&rft.place=Wroc%C5%82aw&rft.pub=Wydawnictwo+Uniwersytetu+Wroc%C5%82awskiego&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33"> CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_Explicit_use_of_et_al." title="Kategori:CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al.">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mss-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Mss_20-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Masenas, V. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tygodnik.lt/200847/ng.html">«Polskie ogniwo w Kownie»</a>. Tygodnik.lt<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 13. juni 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3APolen&rft.au=Masenas%2C+V.&rft.btitle=Polskie+ogniwo+w+Kownie&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Tygodnik.lt&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tygodnik.lt%2F200847%2Fng.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Smi-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Smi_21-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Semik, T. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dziennikzachodni.pl/artykul/1020353,spor-o-zaolzie-czyli-jak-czesi-ograli-polakow-w-1919-roku-historia-dz,2,id,t,sa.html">«Spór o Zaolzie, czyli jak Czesi ograli Polaków»</a>. Dziennik Zachodni<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 13. juni 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3APolen&rft.au=Semik%2C+T.&rft.btitle=Sp%C3%B3r+o+Zaolzie%2C+czyli+jak+Czesi+ograli+Polak%C3%B3w&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Dziennik+Zachodni&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dziennikzachodni.pl%2Fartykul%2F1020353%2Cspor-o-zaolzie-czyli-jak-czesi-ograli-polakow-w-1919-roku-historia-dz%2C2%2Cid%2Ct%2Csa.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Snyder, T. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nybooks.com/blogs/nyrblog/2011/jan/27/hitler-vs-stalin-who-was-worse/">«Hitler vs. Stalin: Who Was Worse?»</a>. Nybooks.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Henta 13. juni 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3APolen&rft.au=Snyder%2C+T.&rft.btitle=Hitler+vs.+Stalin%3A+Who+Was+Worse%3F&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Nybooks.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nybooks.com%2Fblogs%2Fnyrblog%2F2011%2Fjan%2F27%2Fhitler-vs-stalin-who-was-worse%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ahs-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Ahs_23-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Abrahamson, K. A. (2013). <i>Polen - diamand i aska</i>. Fischer.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3APolen&rft.au=Abrahamson%2C+K.+A.&rft.btitle=Polen+-+diamand+i+aska&rft.date=2013&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Fischer&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bakgrunnsstoff">Bakgrunnsstoff</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polen&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Endre bolk: Bakgrunnsstoff" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polen&action=edit&section=12" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Bakgrunnsstoff"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="interbox"> <div style="display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a 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title="Hellas">Hellas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republikken_Irland" title="Republikken Irland">Irland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Island" title="Island">Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italia" title="Italia">Italia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kroatia" title="Kroatia">Kroatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republikken_Kypros" title="Republikken Kypros">Kypros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litauen" title="Litauen">Litauen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nederland" title="Nederland">Nederland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noreg" title="Noreg">Noreg</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Polen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> 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