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Woolen - Wikipedia

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href="#Handspinning_woolen_yarn"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Handspinning woolen yarn</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Handspinning_woolen_yarn-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a 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wool</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/woolen" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/woolen">woolen</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <p><b>Woolen</b> (<a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">American English</a>) or <b>woollen</b> (<a href="/wiki/English_in_the_Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="English in the Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth English</a>) is a type of <a href="/wiki/Yarn" title="Yarn">yarn</a> made from <a href="/wiki/Carding" title="Carding">carded</a> <a href="/wiki/Wool" title="Wool">wool</a>. Woolen yarn is soft, light, stretchy, and full of air. It is thus a good insulator, and makes a good <a href="/wiki/Knitting" title="Knitting">knitting</a> yarn. Woolen yarn is in contrast to <a href="/wiki/Worsted" title="Worsted">worsted</a> yarn, in which the fibers are <a href="/wiki/Combing" title="Combing">combed</a> to lie <a href="/wiki/Parallel_(geometry)" title="Parallel (geometry)">parallel</a> rather than carded, producing a hard, strong yarn.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Commercial_manufacture">Commercial manufacture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Woolen&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Commercial manufacture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Woolen" title="Special:EditPage/Woolen">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The woolen and <a href="/wiki/Worsted" title="Worsted">worsted</a> process both require that the wool (and other similar animal fibres, <a href="/wiki/Cashmere_wool" title="Cashmere wool">cashmere</a>, <a href="/wiki/Camel" title="Camel">camel</a>, etc.) be cleaned before mechanical processing. Woolen and worsted nomenclatures apply only to the textile processing of animal fibres, but it has become common to include fibre blends under these terms. </p><p>The resultant fabrics will be classified as being either woolen or worsted, but this designation is assigned during fiber processing and yarn formation, not in the cloth or finished garment. </p><p>A woven woolen fabric is one which is subjected to fabric <a href="/wiki/Finishing_(textiles)" title="Finishing (textiles)">finishing</a> techniques designed to add a directional pile&#160;— in that the end consumer can 'stroke' the garment in a single direction (shoulder to cuff etc.), such as a casual jacket. This feels like the fibers are directionally arranged.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Woolen yarn formation is also very common for <a href="/wiki/Knitwear" class="mw-redirect" title="Knitwear">knitwear</a>, where the resultant garment has some bulk and the requirement for visual aesthetics (of fibre alignment) is minimal. </p><p>The worsted processing route is more complex and requires the removal of short fibres and the use of a focused mechanical process to make the individual fibres parallel to each other. The yarn formation process is significantly more comprehensive and results in a very sleek yarn which will offer a clean looking woven fabric,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> such as for <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/suiting" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:suiting">suitings</a>. The worsted process is more expensive and is seldom used for knitwear.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Handspinning_woolen_yarn">Handspinning woolen yarn</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Woolen&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Handspinning woolen yarn"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Long_draw_(spinning)" class="mw-redirect" title="Long draw (spinning)">long draw (spinning)</a></div> <p>Woolen yarn is handspun using the <a href="/wiki/Long_draw_(spinning)" class="mw-redirect" title="Long draw (spinning)">long draw</a> technique, and the yarn is spun from a <a href="/wiki/Rolag" title="Rolag">rolag</a>. Most handspinners make a blend of a woolen and worsted yarn, using techniques from both categories, and thus ending up with a mix. The first step to spin a true woolen yarn, however, is to <a href="/wiki/Carding" title="Carding">card</a> the fiber into a <a href="/wiki/Rolag" title="Rolag">rolag</a> using <a href="/wiki/Carding" title="Carding">handcarders</a>. </p><p>The rolag is spun without much stretching of the fibers from the cylindrical configuration. This is done by allowing twist into a short section of the rolag, and then pulling back, without letting the rolag change position in your hands, until the yarn is the desired thickness. The twist will concentrate in the thinnest part of the roving, thus when the yarn is pulled, the thicker sections with less twist will tend to thin out. Once the yarn is the desired thickness, enough twist is added to make the yarn strong. Then the yarn is wound onto the bobbin, and the process starts again. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Woolen&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anabasse" title="Anabasse">Anabasse</a>, a coarse woolen material, a kind of blanket made in France and the Netherlands for the African market.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durants" class="mw-redirect" title="Durants">Durants</a>, a glazed woolen materials of the 18th century.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medley_cloth" title="Medley cloth">Medley cloth</a>, a woolen cloth made with mixed dyed fleece in two or more colors.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Woolen&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barber (1991), pp. 20, 261</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Burnham (1980), p. 191</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFUjiie2015" class="citation cs2">Ujiie, H. (2015), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-84569-931-4.00020-9">"Fabric Finishing"</a>, <i>Textiles and Fashion</i>, Elsevier, pp.&#160;507–529, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fb978-1-84569-931-4.00020-9">10.1016/b978-1-84569-931-4.00020-9</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84569-931-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84569-931-4"><bdi>978-1-84569-931-4</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-10-08</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Textiles+and+Fashion&amp;rft.atitle=Fabric+Finishing&amp;rft.pages=507-529&amp;rft.date=2015&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fb978-1-84569-931-4.00020-9&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-84569-931-4&amp;rft.aulast=Ujiie&amp;rft.aufirst=H.&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1016%2Fb978-1-84569-931-4.00020-9&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWoolen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781439823460.ch5">"Wool chemistry"</a>, <i>Wool</i>, CRC Press, 2002-05-22, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1201%2F9781439823460.ch5">10.1201/9781439823460.ch5</a> (inactive 2024-11-12), <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8493-2820-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8493-2820-6"><bdi>978-0-8493-2820-6</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-10-08</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Wool&amp;rft.atitle=Wool+chemistry&amp;rft.date=2002-05-22&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1201%2F9781439823460.ch5&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-8493-2820-6&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1201%2F9781439823460.ch5&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWoolen" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Citation" title="Template:Citation">citation</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_DOI_inactive_as_of_November_2024" title="Category:CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvon_BergenClutz1950" class="citation journal cs1">von Bergen, Werner; Clutz, Claude S. (August 1950). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004051755002000806">"Dimensional Stability of Woolen and Worsted Fabrics"</a>. <i>Textile Research Journal</i>. <b>20</b> (8): 580–591. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F004051755002000806">10.1177/004051755002000806</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0040-5175">0040-5175</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Textile+Research+Journal&amp;rft.atitle=Dimensional+Stability+of+Woolen+and+Worsted+Fabrics&amp;rft.volume=20&amp;rft.issue=8&amp;rft.pages=580-591&amp;rft.date=1950-08&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F004051755002000806&amp;rft.issn=0040-5175&amp;rft.aulast=von+Bergen&amp;rft.aufirst=Werner&amp;rft.au=Clutz%2C+Claude+S.&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1177%2F004051755002000806&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWoolen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarber1991" class="citation book cs1">Barber, E. J. W. (1991). <i>Prehistoric Textiles</i>. Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-691-00224-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-691-00224-X"><bdi>0-691-00224-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Prehistoric+Textiles&amp;rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&amp;rft.date=1991&amp;rft.isbn=0-691-00224-X&amp;rft.aulast=Barber&amp;rft.aufirst=E.+J.+W.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWoolen" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurnham1980" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_K._Burnham" title="Dorothy K. Burnham">Burnham, Dorothy K.</a> (1980). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/warpwefttextilet0000burn"><i>Warp and Weft: A Textile Terminology</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Royal_Ontario_Museum" title="Royal Ontario Museum">Royal Ontario Museum</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-88854-256-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-88854-256-9"><bdi>0-88854-256-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Warp+and+Weft%3A+A+Textile+Terminology&amp;rft.pub=Royal+Ontario+Museum&amp;rft.date=1980&amp;rft.isbn=0-88854-256-9&amp;rft.aulast=Burnham&amp;rft.aufirst=Dorothy+K.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwarpwefttextilet0000burn&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWoolen" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Woolen&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.textilelinks.com/author/rb/971014.html">Woolen, Semi-Woolen, Semi-Worsted, and Worsted Spinning</a> - Gives a detailed explanation on the different ways fiber preparation and technique can create different yarns.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output 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(wool)">Staple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wool_top" title="Wool top">Top</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tow_(fibre)" title="Tow (fibre)">Tow</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Woolen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worsted" title="Worsted">Worsted</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hermann_Sondermann_Familie_mit_Frau_am_Spinnrad_detail.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Hermann_Sondermann_Familie_mit_Frau_am_Spinnrad_detail.jpg/90px-Hermann_Sondermann_Familie_mit_Frau_am_Spinnrad_detail.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Hermann_Sondermann_Familie_mit_Frau_am_Spinnrad_detail.jpg/135px-Hermann_Sondermann_Familie_mit_Frau_am_Spinnrad_detail.jpg 1.5x, 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class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hand spinning tools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hand_spinning" title="Hand spinning">Hand spinning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distaff" title="Distaff">Distaff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niddy_noddy" class="mw-redirect" title="Niddy noddy">Niddy noddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nostepinne" title="Nostepinne">Nostepinne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spindle_(textiles)" title="Spindle (textiles)">Spindle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinning_wheel" title="Spinning wheel">Spinning wheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinner%27s_weasel" title="Spinner&#39;s weasel">Spinner's weasel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Industrial spinning</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cotton-spinning_machinery" title="Cotton-spinning machinery">Cotton-spinning machinery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ring_spinning" title="Ring spinning">Ring spinning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-end_spinning" title="Open-end spinning">Open-end spinning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DREF_friction_spinning" title="DREF friction spinning">DREF friction spinning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetic_ring_spinning" title="Magnetic ring spinning">Magnetic ring spinning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mule_spinners%27_cancer" title="Mule spinners&#39; cancer">Mule spinners' cancer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piece-rate_list" title="Piece-rate list">Piece-rate list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinning_frame" title="Spinning frame">Spinning frame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinning_jenny" title="Spinning jenny">Spinning jenny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinning_mule" title="Spinning mule">Spinning mule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Throstle_frame" title="Throstle frame">Throstle frame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_frame" title="Water frame">Water frame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wool_combing_machine" title="Wool combing machine">Wool combing machine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐565d46677b‐76rtl Cached time: 20241128131213 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.301 seconds Real time usage: 0.470 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 786/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 27455/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 641/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 29142/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.217/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4724497/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 391.145 1 -total 25.58% 100.047 1 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