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nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Bilateral relations</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="border-collapse:collapse;"><caption class="infobox-title">Kenya – United States relations</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kenya_USA_Locator.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map indicating locations of Kenya and USA"><img alt="Map indicating locations of Kenya and USA" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Kenya_USA_Locator.svg/250px-Kenya_USA_Locator.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Kenya_USA_Locator.svg/375px-Kenya_USA_Locator.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Kenya_USA_Locator.svg/500px-Kenya_USA_Locator.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="940" data-file-height="415" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lightgrey"></th></tr><tr style="height:0.6em"> <td style="background:#339933;"></td> <td style="background:#E08020;"></td> </tr><tr> <th scope="col" style="width:50%; text-align:center"><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/45px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/68px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/90px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a></th> <th scope="col" style="width:50%; text-align:center; border-left:thin solid lightgrey;"><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/57px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="57" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/86px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/114px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></th> </tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lightgrey">Diplomatic mission</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal; text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Embassy_of_Kenya_in_Washington,_D.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Embassy of Kenya in Washington, D.C.">Kenyan Embassy, Washington, D.C.</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:center; border-left:thin solid lightgrey;"><a href="/wiki/Embassy_of_the_United_States,_Nairobi" title="Embassy of the United States, Nairobi">United States Embassy, Nairobi</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lightgrey">Envoy</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal; text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_Kenya_to_the_United_States" title="List of ambassadors of Kenya to the United States">Ambassador</a> <a href="/wiki/Robinson_Njeru_Githae" title="Robinson Njeru Githae">Robinson Njeru Githae</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:center; border-left:thin solid lightgrey;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_the_United_States_to_Kenya" title="List of ambassadors of the United States to Kenya">Ambassador</a> <a href="/wiki/Meg_Whitman" title="Meg Whitman">Meg Whitman</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Kenya–United States relations</b> are <a href="/wiki/Bilateral_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Bilateral relations">bilateral relations</a> between the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Kenya" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Kenya">Republic of Kenya</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>. Kenya and the United States have long been close allies and have enjoyed cordial relations since Kenya's independence. Relations became even closer after Kenya's democratic transition of 2002 and subsequent improvements in human rights. </p><p>This was preceded by sometimes frosty interludes during President Moi's regime when the two countries often clashed over bad governance issues, resulting in aid suspension and many diplomatic rows. Following the election of the new government of Uhuru Kenyatta in 2013, relations somewhat took a dip when the new president forged a new foreign policy looking east away from traditional western allies. Kenya–United States relations have been improved through cooperation against terrorism and a visit by President Obama to Kenya, which is the homeland of his father. </p><p>Kenya's athletic mastery of some auspicious American events such as the <a href="/wiki/Boston_Marathon" title="Boston Marathon">Boston Marathon</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_York_Marathon" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Marathon">New York Marathon</a> have increased ordinary Americans' consciousness of Kenya paving the way for a warm mutual regard between the two peoples. An attack on Kenya by <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">Al-Qaeda</a> in 1998, as well as subsequent attacks by <a href="/wiki/Al-Shabaab_(militant_group)" title="Al-Shabaab (militant group)">Al-Shabaab</a>, has drawn the two countries politically closer due to the shared fate the U.S. has had of similar targeting in the September 11 attacks by Al-Qaeda in <a href="/wiki/Lower_Manhattan" title="Lower Manhattan">Lower Manhattan</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Pentagon" title="The Pentagon">The Pentagon</a>. </p><p>In a 2013 <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> World Service poll, 69% of Kenyans view U.S. influence positively, with 11% viewing U.S. influence negatively.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2007, according to the Pew Research Global Attitudes Project, 87% of <a href="/wiki/Kenyans" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenyans">Kenyans</a> viewed the U.S. favorably, decreasing slightly down to 83% in 2011 and 81% in 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 2012 U.S. Global Leadership Report indicated that 68% of Kenyans approve of U.S. leadership, with 14% disapproving and 18% uncertain.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kenya%E2%80%93United_States_relations&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Independence">Independence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kenya%E2%80%93United_States_relations&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Independence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After Kenya's independence on 12 December 1963, the United States immediately <a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_recognition" title="Diplomatic recognition">recognized</a> the new nation.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, it was not until 2 March 1964 that <a href="/wiki/Diplomacy" title="Diplomacy">diplomatic relations</a> were established with <a href="/wiki/William_Attwood" title="William Attwood">William Atwood</a> establishing the U.S. Embassy at Nairobi.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The United States also provided the fledgling nation with $21 million in funds and technical aid, with Kenya seeking more loans from the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The United States soon found itself invested in Kenyan politics due to the power struggle between <a href="/wiki/Tom_Mboya" title="Tom Mboya">Tom Mboya</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jaramogi_Oginga_Odinga" title="Jaramogi Oginga Odinga">Jaramogi Oginga Odinga</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The United States had been impressed by Mboya since the 1950s, and sought to empower him in the new administration instead of the more leftist Odinga.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The United States was successful, and Mboya began wooing Kenya's prime minister <a href="/wiki/Jomo_Kenyatta" title="Jomo Kenyatta">Jomo Kenyatta</a> into becoming more favorable with the United States and the <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">CIA</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cold_War">Cold War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kenya%E2%80%93United_States_relations&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Cold War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After Odinga's fall from power, Kenya found itself squarely in the Western bloc during the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> period.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The fact that Soviet ideals never gained traction in post-independence Kenya meant that there was little to no jockeying between the United States and the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">U.S.S.R.</a> in this region.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This meant there was little need for Kenya and United States relations, since the United States took Kenyan support for granted.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, the 1980s saw Kenya become more involved in Cold War politics. After Jomo Kenyatta's death, the new president of Kenya <a href="/wiki/Daniel_arap_Moi" title="Daniel arap Moi">Daniel arap Moi</a> sought to further strengthen relations with the United States<sup id="cite_ref-:7_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Moi joined the United States' <a href="/wiki/Rapid_Deployment_Joint_Task_Force" title="Rapid Deployment Joint Task Force">Rapid Deployment Joint Task Force</a>, allowing for the construction of United States military installations in Kenya.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most notable development of this military construction was allowing United States naval access to Mombasa, which resulted in the United States paying Kenya $26 million.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Democratization_Era">Democratization Era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kenya%E2%80%93United_States_relations&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Democratization Era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Good relations, however, fell into jeopardy with the deteriorating civil rights picture in Kenya. In 1987, the chairman of the Congress subcommittee on Africa, Michigan congressman <a href="/wiki/Howard_Wolpe" title="Howard Wolpe">Howard Wolpe</a>, accused Daniel arap Moi of bankrolling criminals and committing human rights abuses.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The issue was then placed on the agenda for Ronald Reagan's talks with Moi, but nothing came of it at this time.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1991, however, the United States joined with a coalition of other nations who gave financial assistance to Kenya to pressure for reforms.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a 1991 meeting in Paris, Kenya's aid donors insisted on ending corruption and human rights abuses, threatening to pull their aid.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These concerns caused the United States to suspend its aid in 1992.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Even when United States pressure forced <a href="/wiki/Kenyan_general_election,_1992" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenyan general election, 1992">multiparty elections in 1992</a>, relations were tense all throughout the 1990s due to international discontent with the tactics of the Moi regime.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The United States reacted positively to the Kenyan elections of 2000, the first democratic transition of power in Kenya's history.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The new president, Mwai Kibaki was honored as the first African head of state to be invited to Washington D.C. for a state visit.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="War_on_Terror">War on Terror</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kenya%E2%80%93United_States_relations&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: War on Terror"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 7 August 1998, <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">al Qaeda</a> terrorists <a href="/wiki/1998_United_States_embassy_bombings" title="1998 United States embassy bombings">detonated a car bomb</a> outside the United States embassy in Nairobi, Kenya, leaving 200 dead and thousands wounded.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The immediate aftermath strained relations between the United States and Kenya, as Kenyans felt that the United States only cared about the Americans who lost their lives, not the Kenyans.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The situation was worsened when the American ambassador, <a href="/wiki/Prudence_Bushnell" title="Prudence Bushnell">Prudence Bushnell</a>, implied that Kenyans were attempting to loot the embassy.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, since that event, the Kenyan and U.S. governments have intensified cooperation to address all forms of insecurity in Kenya, including terrorism.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The United States provides equipment and training to Kenyan security forces, both civilian and military. In its dialog with the Kenyan Government, the United States urges effective action against <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/corruption" class="extiw" title="wikt:corruption">corruption</a> and insecurity as the two greatest impediments to Kenya achieving sustained, rapid economic growth.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Families and victims of the attack have severally appealed to the Kenyan government to <a href="/wiki/Petition" title="Petition">petition</a> the U.S. government to compensate them. A Kenyan journalist who resides in the U.S. has on several occasions castigated the U.S. government for its nonchalant approach to the issue. In an article titled "The Big Bloody Burden of The Big Brother" published by the <i><a href="/wiki/Daily_Nation" title="Daily Nation">Daily Nation</a></i>, one of the two mainstream Kenyan Newspapers, the writer, <a href="/wiki/Ben_Mutua_Jonathan_Muriithi" title="Ben Mutua Jonathan Muriithi">Ben Mutua Jonathan Muriithi</a> wondered why "the Obama administration and others before it had turned a blind eye yet it was clear that Kenya had suffered as a Collateral damage". </p><p>Following the <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11th attacks</a>, Kenya was designated as a frontline in the United States' "<a href="/wiki/War_on_terrorism" class="mw-redirect" title="War on terrorism">War on terrorism</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kenya's <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Intelligence_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="National Security Intelligence Service">National Security Intelligence Service (NSIS)</a> received a list of two hundred suspects linked to <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">Al-Qaeda</a> in late September 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following Al-Qaeda attacks in Mombasa in 2002, new president <a href="/wiki/Mwai_Kibaki" title="Mwai Kibaki">Mwai Kibaki</a> created the Anti-Terrorism Police Unit to further counter-terror operations.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The United States Anti-Terrorism Assistance Program provided training to 500 Kenyan security officers in the United States and many more in East Africa training locations.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The United States also sunk large amounts of money into <a href="/wiki/Non-governmental_organization" title="Non-governmental organization">non-governmental organizations (NGOs)</a> operating in Kenya.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was part of an overall emphasis placed on international NGOs during the War on Terror that saw United States funding to NGOs increase by billions.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, this particularly affected Kenya due to the high quantity of aid the United States sends to Kenya.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This period also saw a "blurring of lines" in regards to NGOs, as it became more common for NGOs in Kenya to work with military officials in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">United States Department of Defense</a>. </p><p>Even as Kibaki cooperated, relations suffered due to the United States' perceived "obsession" with the War on Terror and concerns that alignment with the United States led to domestic terrorism.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kenyan policymakers feared that while the United States had encouraged democratization, they ceased to encourage democracy during the War on Terror.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> International organizations said American policy is pushing Kenya to discriminate against its Muslim population.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another key aspect of the War on Terror was that American aid to Kenya became even more politicized and "securitized."<sup id="cite_ref-:4_22-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During this period, The United States heavily tied USAID support directly to military and counterterror operations undertaken by the <a href="/wiki/Kenya_Defence_Forces" title="Kenya Defence Forces">Kenyan Defense Forces</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The United States also demonstrated a willingness to play hardball, sometimes threatening to cut aid if Kenya does not support United States foreign policy on the international level.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_15-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nonetheless, Kenya continues to back counter-terror operations in exchange for financial support.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The United States is urging Kenyan President William Ruto to address claims of extrajudicial killings and abductions by police during protests that started in June 2024. US Senator Chris Murphy highlighted the importance of accountability during his visit to Kenya. These protests have resulted in approximately 60 deaths and over 60 disappearances, though no police officers have been prosecuted so far, despite ongoing investigations.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_Era">Modern Era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kenya%E2%80%93United_States_relations&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Modern Era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Trump_Meets_with_the_President_of_the_Republic_of_Kenya_(49498271978).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/President_Trump_Meets_with_the_President_of_the_Republic_of_Kenya_%2849498271978%29.jpg/220px-President_Trump_Meets_with_the_President_of_the_Republic_of_Kenya_%2849498271978%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/President_Trump_Meets_with_the_President_of_the_Republic_of_Kenya_%2849498271978%29.jpg/330px-President_Trump_Meets_with_the_President_of_the_Republic_of_Kenya_%2849498271978%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/President_Trump_Meets_with_the_President_of_the_Republic_of_Kenya_%2849498271978%29.jpg/440px-President_Trump_Meets_with_the_President_of_the_Republic_of_Kenya_%2849498271978%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> and Kenyan President <a href="/wiki/Uhuru_Kenyatta" title="Uhuru Kenyatta">Uhuru Kenyatta</a> at the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a> in February 2020</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Biden_welcomes_Kenyan_President_Kenyatta_to_the_White_House_this_afternoon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/President_Biden_welcomes_Kenyan_President_Kenyatta_to_the_White_House_this_afternoon.jpg/220px-President_Biden_welcomes_Kenyan_President_Kenyatta_to_the_White_House_this_afternoon.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/President_Biden_welcomes_Kenyan_President_Kenyatta_to_the_White_House_this_afternoon.jpg/330px-President_Biden_welcomes_Kenyan_President_Kenyatta_to_the_White_House_this_afternoon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/President_Biden_welcomes_Kenyan_President_Kenyatta_to_the_White_House_this_afternoon.jpg/440px-President_Biden_welcomes_Kenyan_President_Kenyatta_to_the_White_House_this_afternoon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1125" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption>U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> met with Kenyan President <a href="/wiki/Uhuru_Kenyatta" title="Uhuru Kenyatta">Uhuru Kenyatta</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Oval_Office" title="Oval Office">Oval Office</a> of the White House in October 2021</figcaption></figure> <p>The United States became a talking point during <a href="/wiki/Kenyan_general_election,_2007" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenyan general election, 2007">Kenya's 2007 elections</a>, as some believed they were supporting Raila Odinga as retaliation for Kibaki reducing Kenyan dependence on the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the violence caused by Kenya's 2007 elections, the United States and other Western nations pressured Kenya to create tribunals to punish those responsible for the violence.<sup id="cite_ref-:11_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The United States initially threatened to pull its aid unless the violence was addressed, but political will for such a step waned throughout the year.<sup id="cite_ref-:11_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The tribunals were never established, but the United States was satisfied by the peaceful elections in 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-:11_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The election of <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> in <a href="/wiki/United_States_elections,_2008" class="mw-redirect" title="United States elections, 2008">2008</a> was greeted with great optimism from Kenya, who felt pride in him due to his <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_Sr." title="Barack Obama Sr.">Kenyan father</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His Africa policy was based on four pillars—promoting democracy, managing conflicts, strengthening the economy, and providing access to education.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That said, he also continued many of <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">President George W. Bush's</a> policies, particularly in counterterrorism.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> President Obama was also the first sitting president to visit Kenya.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The election of Barack Obama also brought back international discourse regarding Kenya's Mau Mau uprising, as Obama's father had been interned by the British for his Mau Mau alignment.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While this was a non-issue in Kenya, it put some domestic pressure on Obama to distance himself from his Kenyan heritage.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Barack Obama has always been explicit that Kenya should expect no favors from him due to his heritage.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_31-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite concerns regarding favoritism, the Obama administration did not take a more active role in Kenyan politics like some expected.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_31-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Obama era also saw U.S. assistance to Kenya grew "exponentially," as the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Agency_for_International_Development" title="United States Agency for International Development">U.S. Agency for International Development</a> (USAID) put in a 2012 document. The number of USAID projects had grown significantly enough for the agency to justify hiring additional contractors to help it manage its Kenyan program portfolio. A Statement of Work for the support initiative acknowledged that "the level of U.S.-financed Kenyan operations has outpaced Washington's ability to adequately manage it."<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, USAID has faced academic criticism for backing projects that mostly benefit the rich of the Kenya.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Kenyan_general_election,_2013" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenyan general election, 2013">2013 elections in Kenya</a> brought controversy due to the words of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Assistant_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Assistant Secretary of State">United States Assistant Secretary of State</a> at the time, <a href="/wiki/Johnnie_Carson" title="Johnnie Carson">Johnnie Carson</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:11_28-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While not endorsing a candidate, he stated that "actions have consequences," implying opposition to the challenger, <a href="/wiki/Uhuru_Kenyatta" title="Uhuru Kenyatta">Uhuru Kenyatta</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:11_28-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Kenyatta presidency was notably cold towards the United States prior to the <a href="/wiki/Westgate_shopping_mall_attack" title="Westgate shopping mall attack">terrorist attack</a> on Kenya's Westgate mall.<sup id="cite_ref-:11_28-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The terrorist attack led to more cooperation, as Kenya focused more on counterterror operations.<sup id="cite_ref-:11_28-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">2016 election</a> of <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">President Donald Trump</a> did not bring similar enthusiasm to Kenyans.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Joe_Biden" title="Presidency of Joe Biden">Presidency of Joe Biden</a>, Kenya has participated in the <a href="/wiki/Ukraine_Defense_Contact_Group" title="Ukraine Defense Contact Group">Ukraine Defense Contact Group</a> and <a href="/wiki/Operation_Prosperity_Guardian" title="Operation Prosperity Guardian">Operation Prosperity Guardian</a>, a military task force meant defense international shipping in the <a href="/wiki/Red_Sea" title="Red Sea">Red Sea</a> from <a href="/wiki/Red_Sea_crisis" title="Red Sea crisis">Houthi attacks</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:13_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The U.S. has also supported and funded a <a href="/wiki/Multinational_Security_Support_Mission_in_Haiti" title="Multinational Security Support Mission in Haiti">Kenya-led operation</a> to send over 1,000 police forces to Haiti amidst a <a href="/wiki/Haitian_crisis_(2018%E2%80%93present)" title="Haitian crisis (2018–present)">crisis</a> in the country.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May 2024, a U.S. official announced President Biden's intent to declare Kenya as a <a href="/wiki/Major_non-NATO_ally" title="Major non-NATO ally">major non-NATO ally</a>, a move meant to display the president's commitment to Africa, where countries like Russia and China have been competing for influence. Biden later announced that he was working with Congress to designate the country as such.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 22 May, Biden said: "We are launching a new era of economic cooperation between Kenya and America."<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/U.S._International_Development_Finance_Corporation" title="U.S. International Development Finance Corporation">U.S. International Development Finance Corporation</a> is set to announce investments into Kenya's green energy and health, and a plan to cut the country's debt, bringing the institution's total investments into Kenya to US$1.1 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Visits">Visits</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kenya%E2%80%93United_States_relations&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Visits"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a> <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a> visited Nairobi in 2009 and 2012<sup id="cite_ref-nationke_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nationke-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">John Kerry</a> also visited in 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-allafrica_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-allafrica-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Vice President <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> visited Nairobi in 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-thestandard_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thestandard-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a>, whose <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama,_Sr." class="mw-redirect" title="Barack Obama, Sr.">father</a> is a Kenyan native, became the first <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">U.S. President</a> to visit Kenya when he visited Nairobi in 2015<sup id="cite_ref-dailynation_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dailynation-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where he co-hosted the Global Entrepreneurship Summit 2015 with President Uhuru Kenyatta. <a href="/wiki/Uhuru_Kenyatta" title="Uhuru Kenyatta">Uhuru Kenyatta</a> has visited the U.S. on several occasions<sup id="cite_ref-deputypresident_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-deputypresident-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> whilst president. Former presidents Daniel Moi and Mwai Kibaki also visited the U.S. on several occasions.<sup id="cite_ref-whitehouse_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-whitehouse-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/First_Lady_of_the_United_States" title="First Lady of the United States">First Lady of the United States</a>, <a href="/wiki/Melania_Trump" title="Melania Trump">Melania Trump</a>, visited Kenya in October 2018, to promote health and education initiatives<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kenyan President <a href="/wiki/William_Ruto" title="William Ruto">William Ruto</a> and his wife, <a href="/wiki/Rachel_Ruto" title="Rachel Ruto">Rachel</a>, made a three-day state visit to the U.S. in May 2024, where a state dinner with President <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> was prepared for them.<sup id="cite_ref-:13_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was the first state visit by a Kenyan leader in two decades and by an African leader in over 15 years.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kenya%E2%80%93United_States_relations&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Moi_and_Bush.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Daniel arap Moi, Kenya's second President, and George W. Bush."><img alt="Daniel arap Moi, Kenya's second President, and George W. Bush." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Moi_and_Bush.jpg/120px-Moi_and_Bush.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Moi_and_Bush.jpg/180px-Moi_and_Bush.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Moi_and_Bush.jpg/240px-Moi_and_Bush.jpg 2x" data-file-width="298" data-file-height="221" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_arap_Moi" title="Daniel arap Moi">Daniel arap Moi</a>, Kenya's second President, and George W. Bush.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Robinson_Njeru_Githae.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Robinson Njeru Githae, Kenya's current ambassador to the US."><img alt="Robinson Njeru Githae, Kenya's current ambassador to the US." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Robinson_Njeru_Githae.jpg/104px-Robinson_Njeru_Githae.jpg" decoding="async" width="104" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Robinson_Njeru_Githae.jpg/157px-Robinson_Njeru_Githae.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Robinson_Njeru_Githae.jpg/209px-Robinson_Njeru_Githae.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1087" data-file-height="1249" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Robinson_Njeru_Githae" title="Robinson Njeru Githae">Robinson Njeru Githae</a>, Kenya's current ambassador to the US.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Uhuru_Kenyatta_with_Obamas_2014.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="President Uhuru Kenyatta, with the Obamas."><img alt="President Uhuru Kenyatta, with the Obamas." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Uhuru_Kenyatta_with_Obamas_2014.jpg/120px-Uhuru_Kenyatta_with_Obamas_2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Uhuru_Kenyatta_with_Obamas_2014.jpg/180px-Uhuru_Kenyatta_with_Obamas_2014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Uhuru_Kenyatta_with_Obamas_2014.jpg/240px-Uhuru_Kenyatta_with_Obamas_2014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3960" data-file-height="2640" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">President <a href="/wiki/Uhuru_Kenyatta" title="Uhuru Kenyatta">Uhuru Kenyatta</a>, with the Obamas.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kenya%E2%80%93United_States_relations&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_United_States" title="Foreign relations of the United States">Foreign relations of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Kenya" title="Foreign relations of Kenya">Foreign relations of Kenya</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kenya%E2%80%93United_States_relations&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, 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.cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2962.htm#relations"><i>U.S. Bilateral Relations Fact Sheets</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State" title="United States Department of State">United States Department of State</a>.</cite><span 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Retrieved on 31 July 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-whitehouse-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-whitehouse_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2003/10/20031006-1.html">[6]</a>. President Bush Welcomes President Kibaki of Kenya to White House . Retrieved on 31 July 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nation.co.ke/news/Melania-Trump-arrives-in-Nairobi/1056-4791936-rq15hoz/index.html">"US First Lady Melania Trump arrives in Kenya"</a>. <i>nation.co.ke</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=nation.co.ke&rft.atitle=US+First+Lady+Melania+Trump+arrives+in+Kenya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nation.co.ke%2Fnews%2FMelania-Trump-arrives-in-Nairobi%2F1056-4791936-rq15hoz%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKenya%E2%80%93United+States+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cd1195l7nepo">"William Ruto in US: Why Joe Biden is rolling out the red carpet for Kenya's leader"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 22 May 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=William+Ruto+in+US%3A+Why+Joe+Biden+is+rolling+out+the+red+carpet+for+Kenya%27s+leader&rft.date=2024-05-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2Fcd1195l7nepo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKenya%E2%80%93United+States+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRamaswamy" class="citation web cs1">Ramaswamy, Swapna Venugopal. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/elections/2024/05/23/kenya-president-state-dinner-william-ruto-biden/73800036007/">"Kenyan president's visit: A snub, a state dinner and a major 'non-NATO' ally designation"</a>. <i>USA TODAY</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=USA+TODAY&rft.atitle=Kenyan+president%27s+visit%3A+A+snub%2C+a+state+dinner+and+a+major+%27non-NATO%27+ally+designation&rft.aulast=Ramaswamy&rft.aufirst=Swapna+Venugopal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Felections%2F2024%2F05%2F23%2Fkenya-president-state-dinner-william-ruto-biden%2F73800036007%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKenya%E2%80%93United+States+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kenya%E2%80%93United_States_relations&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Azevedo, Mario. <i>Kenya: The Land, The People, and the Nation</i> (Carolina Academic Press, 1993).</li> <li>Branch, Daniel. <i>Kenya: Between Hope and Despair, 1963–2011</i> (Yale UP, 2011).</li> <li>Maxon, Robert M., and Thomas P. Ofcansky. <i>Historical Dictionary of Kenya</i> (2nd ed. Scarecrow Press, 2000).</li> <li>Rudolph, Laura C. "Kenyan Americans." <i>Gale Encyclopedia of Multicultural America,</i> edited by Thomas Riggs, (3rd ed., vol. 3, Gale, 2014, pp. 1–9). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX3273300107/GPS?u=wikipedia&sid=GPS&xid=5ea54edd">online</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kenya%E2%80%93United_States_relations&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.state.gov/countries/kenya">History of Kenya – U.S. relations</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://explorer.usaid.gov/">Foreign Aid Explorer</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160325123503/https://explorer.usaid.gov/">Archived</a> 25 March 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> - Searchable details of U.S. Foreign Aid</li></ul> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Relations_of_Kenya_and_the_United_States" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Relations of Kenya and the United States">Relations of Kenya and the 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style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya"><img alt="Kenya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/45px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Kenya" title="Foreign relations of Kenya">Foreign relations of Kenya</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algeria%E2%80%93Kenya_relations" title="Algeria–Kenya relations">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angola%E2%80%93Kenya_relations" title="Angola–Kenya relations">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benin%E2%80%93Kenya_relations" title="Benin–Kenya relations">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botswana%E2%80%93Kenya_relations" title="Botswana–Kenya relations">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burundi%E2%80%93Kenya_relations" title="Burundi–Kenya relations">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo%E2%80%93Kenya_relations" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo–Kenya relations">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djibouti%E2%80%93Kenya_relations" title="Djibouti–Kenya relations">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt%E2%80%93Kenya_relations" title="Egypt–Kenya relations">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrea%E2%80%93Kenya_relations" title="Eritrea–Kenya relations">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93Kenya_relations" title="Ethiopia–Kenya relations">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana%E2%80%93Kenya_relations" title="Ghana–Kenya relations">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya%E2%80%93Lesotho_relations" title="Kenya–Lesotho relations">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya%E2%80%93Liberia_relations" title="Kenya–Liberia relations">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya%E2%80%93Libya_relations" title="Kenya–Libya relations">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya%E2%80%93Malawi_relations" title="Kenya–Malawi relations">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya%E2%80%93Mauritius_relations" title="Kenya–Mauritius relations">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya%E2%80%93Morocco_relations" title="Kenya–Morocco relations">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya%E2%80%93Mozambique_relations" title="Kenya–Mozambique relations">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya%E2%80%93Namibia_relations" title="Kenya–Namibia relations">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya%E2%80%93Nigeria_relations" title="Kenya–Nigeria relations">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya%E2%80%93Rwanda_relations" title="Kenya–Rwanda relations">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya%E2%80%93Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic_relations" title="Kenya–Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic relations">Sahrawi Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya%E2%80%93Seychelles_relations" title="Kenya–Seychelles relations">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya%E2%80%93Sierra_Leone_relations" title="Kenya–Sierra Leone relations">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya%E2%80%93Somalia_relations" title="Kenya–Somalia relations">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya%E2%80%93South_Africa_relations" title="Kenya–South Africa relations">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya%E2%80%93South_Sudan_relations" title="Kenya–South Sudan relations">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya%E2%80%93Sudan_relations" title="Kenya–Sudan relations">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya%E2%80%93Tanzania_relations" title="Kenya–Tanzania relations">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya%E2%80%93Uganda_relations" title="Kenya–Uganda relations">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya%E2%80%93Zambia_relations" title="Kenya–Zambia relations">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya%E2%80%93Zimbabwe_relations" title="Kenya–Zimbabwe relations">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Kenya_(Official).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Kenya"><img alt="Coat of arms of Kenya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Coat_of_arms_of_Kenya_%28Official%29.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_Kenya_%28Official%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Coat_of_arms_of_Kenya_%28Official%29.svg/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_Kenya_%28Official%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Coat_of_arms_of_Kenya_%28Official%29.svg/200px-Coat_of_arms_of_Kenya_%28Official%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="738" data-file-height="695" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbados%E2%80%93Kenya_relations" title="Barbados–Kenya relations">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93Kenya_relations" title="Brazil–Kenya relations">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Kenya_relations" title="Canada–Kenya relations">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chile%E2%80%93Kenya_relations" title="Chile–Kenya relations">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombia%E2%80%93Kenya_relations" title="Colombia–Kenya relations">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuba%E2%80%93Kenya_relations" title="Cuba–Kenya relations">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaica%E2%80%93Kenya_relations" title="Jamaica–Kenya relations">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya%E2%80%93Mexico_relations" title="Kenya–Mexico relations">Mexico</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya%E2%80%93Venezuela_relations" title="Kenya–Venezuela relations">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Western Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan%E2%80%93Kenya_relations" title="Azerbaijan–Kenya relations">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Kenya_relations" title="Iran–Kenya relations">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Kenya_relations" title="Israel–Kenya relations">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan%E2%80%93Kenya_relations" title="Jordan–Kenya relations">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya%E2%80%93Kuwait_relations" title="Kenya–Kuwait relations">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya%E2%80%93Oman_relations" title="Kenya–Oman relations">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya%E2%80%93Palestine_relations" title="Kenya–Palestine relations">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya%E2%80%93Qatar_relations" title="Kenya–Qatar relations">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Kenya–Saudi Arabia relations">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Kenya–Turkey relations">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya%E2%80%93United_Arab_Emirates_relations" title="Kenya–United Arab Emirates relations">United Arab Emirates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">South & Central Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh%E2%80%93Kenya_relations" title="Bangladesh–Kenya relations">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Kenya_relations" title="India–Kenya relations">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya%E2%80%93Pakistan_relations" title="Kenya–Pakistan relations">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya%E2%80%93Sri_Lanka_relations" title="Kenya–Sri Lanka relations">Sri Lanka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">East & Southeast Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Kenya_relations" title="China–Kenya relations">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia%E2%80%93Kenya_relations" title="Indonesia–Kenya relations">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Kenya_relations" title="Japan–Kenya relations">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya%E2%80%93Malaysia_relations" title="Kenya–Malaysia relations">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya%E2%80%93North_Korea_relations" title="Kenya–North Korea relations">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya%E2%80%93Singapore_relations" title="Kenya–Singapore relations">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya%E2%80%93South_Korea_relations" title="Kenya–South Korea relations">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya%E2%80%93Thailand_relations" title="Kenya–Thailand relations">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations" title="Kenya–Vietnam relations">Vietnam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austria%E2%80%93Kenya_relations" title="Austria–Kenya relations">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic%E2%80%93Kenya_relations" title="Czech Republic–Kenya relations">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark%E2%80%93Kenya_relations" title="Denmark–Kenya relations">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland%E2%80%93Kenya_relations" title="Finland–Kenya relations">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France%E2%80%93Kenya_relations" title="France–Kenya relations">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Kenya_relations" title="Germany–Kenya relations">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece%E2%80%93Kenya_relations" title="Greece–Kenya relations">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy%E2%80%93Kenya_relations" title="Italy–Kenya relations">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya%E2%80%93Kosovo_relations" title="Kenya–Kosovo relations">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya%E2%80%93Netherlands_relations" title="Kenya–Netherlands relations">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya%E2%80%93Norway_relations" title="Kenya–Norway relations">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya%E2%80%93Poland_relations" title="Kenya–Poland relations">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya%E2%80%93Portugal_relations" title="Kenya–Portugal relations">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Kenya–Russia relations">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya%E2%80%93Slovakia_relations" title="Kenya–Slovakia relations">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya%E2%80%93Spain_relations" title="Kenya–Spain relations">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya%E2%80%93Sweden_relations" title="Kenya–Sweden relations">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya%E2%80%93Switzerland_relations" title="Kenya–Switzerland relations">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya%E2%80%93Ukraine_relations" title="Kenya–Ukraine relations">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Kenya–United Kingdom relations">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australia%E2%80%93Kenya_relations" title="Australia–Kenya relations">Australia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Diplomatic missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_Kenya" title="List of diplomatic missions of Kenya">Diplomatic missions of</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Kenya" title="List of diplomatic missions in Kenya">in Kenya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mfa.go.ke/">Ministry of Foreign Affairs & International Trade </a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=United_States&#124;link=United_States_Foreign_relations_of_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Foreign_relations_of_the_United_States" title="Template:Foreign relations of the United States"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Foreign_relations_of_the_United_States" title="Template talk:Foreign relations of the United States"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Foreign_relations_of_the_United_States" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Foreign relations of the United States"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=United_States&#124;link=United_States_Foreign_relations_of_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_United_States" title="Foreign relations of the United States">Foreign relations of the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="padding-left:75px;"><div id="Bilateral_relations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bilateralism" title="Bilateralism">Bilateral</a> relations</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Central</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angola%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Angola–United States relations">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameroon%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Cameroon–United States relations">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Central African Republic–United States relations">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chad%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Chad–United States relations">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo–United States relations">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Republic of the Congo–United States relations">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equatorial_Guinea%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Equatorial Guinea–United States relations">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabon%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Gabon–United States relations">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="São Tomé and Príncipe–United States relations">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">East</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burundi%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Burundi–United States relations">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comoros%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Comoros–United States relations">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djibouti%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Djibouti–United States relations">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrea%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Eritrea–United States relations">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Ethiopia–United States relations">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madagascar%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Madagascar–United States relations">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawi%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Malawi–United States relations">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritius%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Mauritius–United States relations">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambique%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Mozambique–United States relations">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rwanda%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Rwanda–United States relations">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seychelles%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Seychelles–United States relations">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somalia%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Somalia–United States relations">Somalia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Somaliland%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Somaliland–United States relations">Somaliland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Sudan%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="South Sudan–United States relations">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzania%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Tanzania–United States relations">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Uganda–United States relations">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States%E2%80%93Zambia_relations" title="United States–Zambia relations">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States%E2%80%93Zimbabwe_relations" title="United States–Zimbabwe relations">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">North</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algeria%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Algeria–United States relations">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Egypt–United States relations">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Libya–United States relations">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Morocco–United States relations">Morocco</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic–United States relations">Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudan%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Sudan–United States relations">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisia%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Tunisia–United States relations">Tunisia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Southern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Botswana%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Botswana–United States relations">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eswatini%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Eswatini–United States relations">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesotho%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Lesotho–United States relations">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibia%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Namibia–United States relations">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Africa%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="South Africa–United States relations">South Africa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">West</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benin%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Benin–United States relations">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Burkina Faso–United States relations">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Cape Verde–United States relations">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Ivory Coast–United States relations">Côte d'Ivoire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gambia%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="The Gambia–United States relations">The Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Ghana–United States relations">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Guinea–United States relations">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Guinea-Bissau–United States relations">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberia%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Liberia–United States relations">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mali%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Mali–United States relations">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritania%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Mauritania–United States relations">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niger%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Niger–United States relations">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigeria%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Nigeria–United States relations">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegal%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Senegal–United States relations">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Sierra Leone–United States relations">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togo%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Togo–United States relations">Togo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Caribbean</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Antigua and Barbuda–United States relations">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahamas%E2%80%93United_States_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahamas–United States relations">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbados%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Barbados–United States relations">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuba%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Cuba–United States relations">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominica%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Dominica–United States relations">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Dominican Republic–United States relations">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenada%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Grenada–United States relations">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haiti%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Haiti–United States relations">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaica%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Jamaica–United States relations">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Saint Kitts and Nevis–United States relations">St. Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Saint Lucia–United States relations">St. Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines–United States relations">St. Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Trinidad and Tobago–United States relations">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Central</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belize%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Belize–United States relations">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Costa Rica–United States relations">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Salvador%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="El Salvador–United States relations">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guatemala%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Guatemala–United States relations">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honduras%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Honduras–United States relations">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Mexico–United States relations">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicaragua%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Nicaragua–United States relations">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panama%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Panama–United States relations">Panama</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Northern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Canada–United States relations">Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93United_States_trade_relations" title="Canada–United States trade relations">trade</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">South</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentina%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Argentina–United States relations">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivia%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Bolivia–United States relations">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Brazil–United States relations">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chile%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Chile–United States relations">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombia%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Colombia–United States relations">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecuador%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Ecuador–United States relations">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyana%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Guyana–United States relations">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraguay%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Paraguay–United States relations">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Peru–United States relations">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suriname%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Suriname–United States relations">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States%E2%80%93Uruguay_relations" title="United States–Uruguay relations">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States%E2%80%93Venezuela_relations" title="United States–Venezuela relations">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Central</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Kazakhstan–United States relations">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Kyrgyzstan–United States relations">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajikistan%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Tajikistan–United States relations">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Turkmenistan–United States relations">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States%E2%80%93Uzbekistan_relations" title="United States–Uzbekistan relations">Uzbekistan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">East</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="China–United States relations">China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Hong Kong–United States relations">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macau%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Macau–United States relations">Macau</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Japan–United States relations">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolia%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Mongolia–United States relations">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korea%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="North Korea–United States relations">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korea%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="South Korea–United States relations">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Taiwan–United States relations">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">South</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Afghanistan–United States relations">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Bangladesh–United States relations">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhutan%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Bhutan–United States relations">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="India–United States relations">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldives%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Maldives–United States relations">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepal%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Nepal–United States relations">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Pakistan–United States relations">Pakistan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan%E2%80%93United_States_military_relations" title="Pakistan–United States military relations">military</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Sri Lanka–United States relations">Sri Lanka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Southeast</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brunei%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Brunei–United States relations">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodia%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Cambodia–United States relations">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Timor%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="East Timor–United States relations">East Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Indonesia–United States relations">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laos%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Laos–United States relations">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Malaysia–United States relations">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Myanmar–United States relations">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Philippines–United States relations">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Singapore–United States relations">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thailand%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Thailand–United States relations">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations" title="United States–Vietnam relations">Vietnam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Western</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenia%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Armenia–United States relations">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Azerbaijan–United States relations">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahrain%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Bahrain–United States relations">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Georgia–United States relations">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Iran–United States relations">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Iraq–United States relations">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Israel–United States relations">Israel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93United_States_military_relations" title="Israel–United States military relations">military</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Jordan–United States relations">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwait%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Kuwait–United States relations">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Lebanon–United States relations">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oman%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Oman–United States relations">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Palestine–United States relations">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Qatar–United States relations">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Saudi Arabia–United States relations">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Syria–United States relations">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Turkey–United States relations">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="United Arab Emirates–United States relations">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States%E2%80%93Yemen_relations" title="United States–Yemen relations">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Eastern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belarus%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Belarus–United States relations">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Bulgaria–United States relations">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Czech Republic–United States relations">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Hungary–United States relations">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldova%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Moldova–United States relations">Moldova</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transnistria%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Transnistria–United States relations">Transnistria</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poland%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Poland–United States relations">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Romania–United States relations">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Russia–United States relations">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovakia%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Slovakia–United States relations">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Ukraine–United States relations">Ukraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Northern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Denmark%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Denmark–United States relations">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonia%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Estonia–United States relations">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Finland–United States relations">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iceland%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Iceland–United States relations">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ireland%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Ireland–United States relations">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvia%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Latvia–United States relations">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuania%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Lithuania–United States relations">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norway%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Norway–United States relations">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweden%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Sweden–United States relations">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="United Kingdom–United States relations">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special_Relationship" title="Special Relationship">Special Relationship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Bermuda–United States relations">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Cayman Islands–United States relations">Cayman Islands</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Southern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albania%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Albania–United States relations">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andorra%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Andorra–United States relations">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina–United States relations">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatia%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Croatia–United States relations">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Cyprus–United States relations">Cyprus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Cyprus%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Northern Cyprus–United States relations">Northern Cyprus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Greece–United States relations">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Holy See–United States relations">Holy See</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Italy–United States relations">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Kosovo–United States relations">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Malta–United States relations">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegro%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Montenegro–United States relations">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="North Macedonia–United States relations">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Portugal–United States relations">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Marino%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="San Marino–United States relations">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbia%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Serbia–United States relations">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenia%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Slovenia–United States relations">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Spain–United States relations">Spain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Western</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austria%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Austria–United States relations">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Belgium–United States relations">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="France–United States relations">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Germany–United States relations">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Liechtenstein–United States relations">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Luxembourg–United States relations">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monaco%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Monaco–United States relations">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Netherlands–United States relations">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Switzerland–United States relations">Switzerland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Australasia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australia%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Australia–United States relations">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="New Zealand–United States relations">New Zealand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Melanesia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fiji%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Fiji–United States relations">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Papua New Guinea–United States relations">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Solomon Islands–United States relations">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States%E2%80%93Vanuatu_relations" title="United States–Vanuatu relations">Vanuatu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Micronesia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kiribati%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Kiribati–United States relations">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Islands%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Marshall Islands–United States relations">Marshall Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federated_States_of_Micronesia%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Federated States of Micronesia–United States relations">Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauru%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Nauru–United States relations">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palau%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Palau–United States relations">Palau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Polynesia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Cook Islands–United States relations">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoa%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Samoa–United States relations">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonga%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Tonga–United States relations">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvalu%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Tuvalu–United States relations">Tuvalu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artsakh%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Artsakh–United States relations">Artsakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Baden%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Grand Duchy of Baden–United States relations">Grand Duchy of Baden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bavaria%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Kingdom of Bavaria–United States relations">Kingdom of Bavaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Brunswick-L%C3%BCneburg%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg–United States relations">Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Republic_of_Central_America%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Federal Republic of Central America–United States relations">Federal Republic of Central America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Republic_of_Central_America%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Greater Republic of Central America–United States relations">Greater Republic of Central America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congo_Free_State%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Congo Free State–United States relations">Congo Free State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Czechoslovakia–United States relations">Czechoslovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Germany%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="East Germany–United States relations">East Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Genoa%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Republic of Genoa–United States relations">Republic of Genoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Empire%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="German Empire–United States relations">German Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hanover%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Kingdom of Hanover–United States relations">Kingdom of Hanover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanseatic_Republics%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Hanseatic Republics–United States relations">Hanseatic Republics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_Kingdom%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Hawaiian Kingdom–United States relations">Hawaiian Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Hesse%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Grand Duchy of Hesse–United States relations">Grand Duchy of Hesse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Mecklenburg-Schwerin%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin–United States relations">Mecklenburg-Schwerin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Mecklenburg-Strelitz%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz–United States relations">Mecklenburg-Strelitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Nassau%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Duchy of Nassau–United States relations">Duchy of Nassau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_German_Confederation%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="North German Confederation–United States relations">North German Confederation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Oldenburg%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Grand Duchy of Oldenburg–United States relations">Grand Duchy of Oldenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_Free_State%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Orange Free State–United States relations">Orange Free State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Ottoman Empire–United States relations">Ottoman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_States%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Papal States–United States relations">Papal States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Parma%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Duchy of Parma–United States relations">Duchy of Parma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prussia%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Prussia–United States relations">Prussia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Russian Empire–United States relations">Russian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryukyu_Kingdom%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Ryukyu Kingdom–United States relations">Ryukyu Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sardinia%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Kingdom of Sardinia–United States relations">Kingdom of Sardinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Schaumburg-Lippe%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Principality of Schaumburg-Lippe–United States relations">Principality of Schaumburg-Lippe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Soviet Union–United States relations">Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Texas%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Republic of Texas–United States relations">Republic of Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscany%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Grand Duchy of Tuscany–United States relations">Grand Duchy of Tuscany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Two_Sicilies%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Kingdom of the Two Sicilies–United States relations">Kingdom of the Two Sicilies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Kingdom of Württemberg–United States relations">Kingdom of Württemberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="United States–Yugoslavia relations">Yugoslavia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="padding-left:75px;"><div id="Multilateral_relations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Multilateralism" title="Multilateralism">Multilateral</a> relations</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Africa%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Africa–United States relations">Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab%E2%80%93American_relations" title="Arab–American relations">Arab League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asia%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Asia–United States relations">Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asia%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="East Asia–United States relations">East Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="United States–European Union relations">European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_America%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Latin America–United States relations">Latin America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_foreign_policy_in_the_Middle_East" title="United States foreign policy in the Middle East">Middle East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_and_the_United_Nations" title="United States and the United Nations">United Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C5%2B1" title="C5+1">C5+1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_non-NATO_ally" title="Major non-NATO ally">Major non-NATO ally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Border_Initiative" title="Third Border Initiative">Third Border Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_organization_membership_of_the_United_States" title="International organization membership of the United States">International organizations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="padding-left:75px;"><div id="Doctrines,_policies,_concepts" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Doctrines, <a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Foreign policy of the United States">policies</a>, concepts</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_doctrines" title="United States presidential doctrines">Presidential<br />doctrines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proclamation_of_Neutrality" title="Proclamation of Neutrality">Proclamation of Neutrality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monroe_Doctrine" title="Monroe Doctrine">Monroe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_Corollary" title="Roosevelt Corollary">Roosevelt Corollary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Good_Neighbor_policy" title="Good Neighbor policy">Good Neighbor policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truman_Doctrine" title="Truman Doctrine">Truman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_Doctrine" title="Eisenhower Doctrine">Eisenhower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Doctrine" title="Kennedy Doctrine">Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnson_Doctrine" title="Johnson Doctrine">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nixon_Doctrine" title="Nixon Doctrine">Nixon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carter_Doctrine" title="Carter Doctrine">Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reagan_Doctrine" title="Reagan Doctrine">Reagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinton_Doctrine" title="Clinton Doctrine">Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bush_Doctrine" title="Bush Doctrine">Bush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obama_Doctrine" title="Obama Doctrine">Obama</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other doctrines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lodge_Corollary" title="Lodge Corollary">Lodge Corollary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stimson_Doctrine" title="Stimson Doctrine">Stimson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirkpatrick_Doctrine" title="Kirkpatrick Doctrine">Kirkpatrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weinberger_Doctrine" title="Weinberger Doctrine">Weinberger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powell_Doctrine" title="Powell Doctrine">Powell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumsfeld_Doctrine" title="Rumsfeld Doctrine">Rumsfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfowitz_Doctrine" title="Wolfowitz Doctrine">Wolfowitz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Policies and<br />concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blowback_(intelligence)" title="Blowback (intelligence)">Blowback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_foreign_policy_toward_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="United States foreign policy toward the People's Republic of China">China policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Containment" title="Containment">Containment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domino_theory" title="Domino theory">Domino theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_foreign_aid" title="United States foreign aid">Foreign aid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_foreign_policy_in_the_Middle_East" title="United States foreign policy in the Middle East">Middle East policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_non-interventionism" title="United States non-interventionism">Non-interventionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_realism" title="Progressive realism">Progressive realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rollback" title="Rollback">Rollback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Relationship" title="Special Relationship">Special Relationship</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div 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