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div.author.content-type:not(:visible) + div.h5 { padding: 0 5px 0 0; } div[class*="4Pane"] div[class*="dark_content"] .list-with-images .h5 a { color: #fff; text-shadow: 1px 1px 2px #333 !important; } div[class*="4Pane"] div[class*="dark_content"] .list-with-images .h5 a:hover { /*color: #61A63A !important;*/ color: #F7941E !important; } div[class*="4Pane"] div[class*="dark_content"] .list-with-images div.h5 a:before { content: ""; } } .ToggleEditButtons { text-align: right; display: none; } .ToggleEditButtons a:hover { cursor: pointer; } </style> <div class="items">    <div class="list-with-images explorer-articles dnnClear" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Article">  <div class="litImage Explorer Emphasis Article 1plus4 Rotation Alternative Resources Basin Modeling Basin Modeling and Geochemistry Coal Maturation Member Migration Renewable Energy Solar Energy Sustainable Development Thermal History Wind Energy " style="position: relative;"> <a href='https://www.aapg.org/publications/news/explorer/emphasis/articleid/61811/battery-revolution-renewable-energy-drives-critical-minerals-demand' > <div class="image-overlay "></div> <noscript data-slimmage>  <img itemprop="image" class=" lazy " data-original="/Portals/0/PackFlashItemImages/WebReady/battey-revolution-renewable-energy-hero.jpg?width=200&height=200&mode=crop&anchor=middlecenter&encoder=freeimage&progressive=true&quality=90&scale=both&bgcolor=ffffff" src="/portals/0/PackFlashItemImages/WebReady/battey-revolution-renewable-energy-hero.jpg?width=200&height=200&mode=crop&anchor=middlecenter&encoder=freeimage&progressive=true&quality=90&scale=both&bgcolor=ffffff" alt="AAPG"> </noscript> </a> </div> <div class="text Explorer Emphasis Article 1plus4 Rotation Alternative Resources Basin Modeling Basin Modeling and Geochemistry Coal Maturation Member Migration Renewable Energy Solar Energy Sustainable Development Thermal History Wind Energy " id="pfid_61811"> <div class="author content-type" style="margin-bottom: 0px;"> <span class="content-type">Explorer Emphasis Article</span> <span itemprop="author">By Heather Saucier</span> </div> <div class="h5" itemprop="headline"> <a itemprop="url" href='https://www.aapg.org/publications/news/explorer/emphasis/articleid/61811/battery-revolution-renewable-energy-drives-critical-minerals-demand' >Battery Revolution, Renewable Energy Drives Critical Minerals Demand</a> </div>  <div class="show-more-snippet fade"><div class="summary" itemprop="description"><p>As the United States and other developed countries embrace the prospect of transitioning to renewable energy, the need for critical minerals is skyrocketing. Solar plants, wind farms and electric vehicles require more minerals to build than their fossil fuel-based counterparts. For example, a typical electric car requires six times the mineral inputs of a conventional car, and an onshore wind plant requires nine times more mineral resources than a gas-fired plant, according to the International Energy Agency. Addressing the exploding need for critical minerals and how petroleum geoscientists can lead such efforts, members of AAPG’s Energy Minerals Division came together to discuss the future of critical minerals at the International Meeting for Applied Geoscience and Energy conference in Denver.</p></div></div><a class='show-more'>Show more</a> </div> <meta itemprop="inLanguage" content="English"> <span style="display: none;" itemprop="publisher" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/Organization"> <span itemprop="name">American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG)</span> <meta itemprop="logo" content="https://img.aapg.org/Portals/0/images/_site/AAPG-logo-footer.png"> </span> <div class="morelink">Added on <span itemprop="datePublished" class="schema">01 November, 2021</span></div> </div>  <div class="list-with-images explorer-articles dnnClear" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Article">  <div class="litImage Explorer Article 1plus4 Rotation Basin Modeling and Geochemistry Oil and Gas Analysis Thermal History " style="position: relative;"> <a href='https://www.aapg.org/publications/news/explorer/details/articleid/60439/modernizing-vitrinite-reflectance-models-for-paleothermal-history-calibration' > <div class="image-overlay "></div> <noscript data-slimmage>  <img itemprop="image" class=" lazy " data-original="/Portals/0/PackFlashItemImages/WebReady/modernizing-vitrinite-reflectance-models-fig1.jpg?width=200&height=200&mode=crop&anchor=middlecenter&encoder=freeimage&progressive=true&quality=90&scale=both&bgcolor=ffffff" src="/portals/0/PackFlashItemImages/WebReady/modernizing-vitrinite-reflectance-models-fig1.jpg?width=200&height=200&mode=crop&anchor=middlecenter&encoder=freeimage&progressive=true&quality=90&scale=both&bgcolor=ffffff" alt="AAPG"> </noscript> </a> </div> <div class="text Explorer Article 1plus4 Rotation Basin Modeling and Geochemistry Oil and Gas Analysis Thermal History " id="pfid_60439"> <div class="author content-type" style="margin-bottom: 0px;"> <span class="content-type">Explorer Article</span> <span itemprop="author">By Alan Burnham</span> </div> <div class="h5" itemprop="headline"> <a itemprop="url" href='https://www.aapg.org/publications/news/explorer/details/articleid/60439/modernizing-vitrinite-reflectance-models-for-paleothermal-history-calibration' >Modernizing Vitrinite Reflectance Models for Paleothermal History Calibration</a> </div>  <div class="show-more-snippet fade"><div class="summary" itemprop="description"><p>Easy%R₀ has been perhaps the most widely used model over the past 30 years to help calibrate paleothermal histories. It was published in the AAPG Bulletin in 1990 by Jerry Sweeney and me, and it is one of the most highly-cited articles in the Bulletin in the last 40 years. As the person who constructed the Easy%R₀ algorithm, I would like to share some of the drivers for how the parameters were chosen and why it is appropriate now to move on to more recent models that appear to be more universally correct.</p></div></div><a class='show-more'>Show more</a> </div> <meta itemprop="inLanguage" content="English"> <span style="display: none;" itemprop="publisher" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/Organization"> <span itemprop="name">American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG)</span> <meta itemprop="logo" content="https://img.aapg.org/Portals/0/images/_site/AAPG-logo-footer.png"> </span> <div class="morelink">Added on <span itemprop="datePublished" class="schema">01 June, 2021</span></div> </div>  <div class="list-with-images explorer-articles dnnClear" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Article">  <div class="litImage Search and Discovery Article 1plus4 Rotation Basin Modeling and Geochemistry Carbonates Clastics Kerogen Typing Maturation Migration Petroleum Systems Sedimentology and Stratigraphy Stratigraphic Traps Structural Traps Thermal History Tight Gas Sands " style="position: relative;"> <a href='http://www.searchanddiscovery.com/pdfz/documents/2016/41968sonnenberg/ndx_sonnenberg.pdf.html' > <div class="image-overlay "></div> <noscript data-slimmage>  <img itemprop="image" class=" lazy " data-original="https://img.aapg.orghttp://www.searchanddiscovery.com/pdfz/documents/2016/41968sonnenberg/ndx_sonnenberg.pdf.html?pdfwidth=1000&pdfheight=1000&subpixels=true&page=1&format=jpg&width=100&height=100&mode=crop&anchor=topcenter&quality=90&encoder=freeimage&progressive=true&trim.threshold=255" src="https://img.aapg.orghttp://www.searchanddiscovery.com/pdfz/documents/2016/41968sonnenberg/ndx_sonnenberg.pdf.html?pdfwidth=1000&pdfheight=1000&subpixels=true&page=1&format=jpg&width=100&height=100&mode=crop&anchor=topcenter&quality=90&encoder=freeimage&progressive=true&trim.threshold=255" alt="AAPG"> </noscript> </a> </div> <div class="text Search and Discovery Article 1plus4 Rotation Basin Modeling and Geochemistry Carbonates Clastics Kerogen Typing Maturation Migration Petroleum Systems Sedimentology and Stratigraphy Stratigraphic Traps Structural Traps Thermal History Tight Gas Sands " id="pfid_37767"> <div class="author content-type" style="margin-bottom: 0px;"> <span class="content-type">Search and Discovery Article</span> <span itemprop="author">By Larry Meckel,Stephen A. Sonnenberg</span> </div> <div class="h5" itemprop="headline"> <a itemprop="url" href='http://www.searchanddiscovery.com/pdfz/documents/2016/41968sonnenberg/ndx_sonnenberg.pdf.html' >Our Current Working Model for Unconventional Tight Petroleum Systems: Oil and Gas</a> </div>  <div class="show-more-snippet fade"><div class="summary" itemprop="description"><p>The driving forces for conventional accumulations (structural or stratigraphic traps) are Forces of Buoyancy which are due to differences in densities of hydrocarbons and water. In contrast, the driving forces for unconventional tight accumulations are Forces of Expulsion which are produced by high pressures. That is an enormous difference and creates unconventional petroleum systems that are characterized by very different and distinctive characteristics. The Force of Expulsion pressures are created by the significant increase in volume when any of the three main kerogen types are converted to hydrocarbons. At those conversion times in the burial history, the rocks are already sufficiently tight so the large volumes of generated hydrocarbons cannot efficiently escape through the existing tight pore system, thus creating a permeability bottleneck that produces an overpressured compartment over a large area corresponding to the proper thermal oil and gas maturities for that basin. The forces initially created in these source rocks can only go limited distances into adjacent tight reservoirs (clastics or carbonates) above or below the source. The exact distance will vary depending on the pressure increase, matrix permeability, and fractures of that specific tight reservoir system. In general, the distances are small, in the orders of 10s to 100s of feet for oil and larger for more mobile gas systems. Those exact distance numbers are subject to ongoing investigations. A plot of the pressure data versus elevation for a given formation is critical in determining whether an accumulation is conventional or unconventional. Conventional accumulations will have hydrocarbon columns of 10s to 100s of feet with the pressure in the hydrocarbons and that in the water equal at the bottom of the accumulation (at the HC-water contact). In contrast, the unconventional accumulations will show HC column heights of 1000s of feet with the pressure in the hydrocarbon phase and the water phase being the same at the top of the accumulation (at the updip transition zone). Those significant differences are critical for understanding and differentiating these two play types. Because the system is a pore throat bottleneck with very little or minimum lateral migration, the type of hydrocarbon s are closely tied to the thermal maturity required to generate those hydrocarbons. Thus the play concept begins with two important geochemical considerations: (1) where are the source rocks and what are the kerogen types and organic richness (TOC), and (2 ) where are they mature in the basin for oil, condensate, and gas in the basin. These parameters will very quickly define the fairway for the play. Then one has to add the critical information on the reservoirs themselves: composition (brittleness), thickness, and reservoir quality (matrix porosity and permeability). In summary, these tight unconventional petroleum systems (1) are dynamic , and (2) create a regionally inverted petroleum system with water over oil over condensate over gas for source rocks wit h Type I or II kerogen types.</p></div></div><a class='show-more'>Show more</a> </div> <meta itemprop="inLanguage" content="English"> <span style="display: none;" itemprop="publisher" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/Organization"> <span itemprop="name">American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG)</span> <meta itemprop="logo" content="https://img.aapg.org/Portals/0/images/_site/AAPG-logo-footer.png"> </span> <div class="morelink">Added on <span itemprop="datePublished" class="schema">17 February, 2017</span></div> </div>  <div class="list-with-images explorer-articles dnnClear" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Article">  <div class="litImage Explorer Article 1plus4 Rotation Basin Modeling Basin Modeling and Geochemistry Engineering Reservoir Engineering Sedimentology and Stratigraphy Sequence Stratigraphy Thermal History " style="position: relative;"> <a href='https://www.aapg.org/publications/news/explorer/details/articleid/3784/conventional-reservoirs-hold-keys-to-the-uns' > <div class="image-overlay "></div> <noscript data-slimmage>  <img itemprop="image" class=" lazy " data-original="/Portals/0/PackFlashItemImages/WebReady/conventional-reservoirs-hold-keys-to-the-uns-2014-02feb-hero.jpg?width=200&height=200&mode=crop&anchor=middlecenter&encoder=freeimage&progressive=true&quality=90&scale=both&bgcolor=ffffff" src="/portals/0/PackFlashItemImages/WebReady/conventional-reservoirs-hold-keys-to-the-uns-2014-02feb-hero.jpg?width=200&height=200&mode=crop&anchor=middlecenter&encoder=freeimage&progressive=true&quality=90&scale=both&bgcolor=ffffff" alt="AAPG"> </noscript> </a> </div> <div class="text Explorer Article 1plus4 Rotation Basin Modeling Basin Modeling and Geochemistry Engineering Reservoir Engineering Sedimentology and Stratigraphy Sequence Stratigraphy Thermal History " id="pfid_3784"> <div class="author content-type" style="margin-bottom: 0px;"> <span class="content-type">Explorer Article</span> <span itemprop="author">By Jeff Ottmann,Kevin Bohacs</span> </div> <div class="h5" itemprop="headline"> <a itemprop="url" href='https://www.aapg.org/publications/news/explorer/details/articleid/3784/conventional-reservoirs-hold-keys-to-the-uns' >Conventional Reservoirs Hold Keys to the 'Un's</a> </div>  <div class="summary" itemprop="description"><p>'Breakthrough elegance': ExxonMobil geologists Jeff Ottmann and Kevin Bohacs shared their highly-coveted knowledge on sweet spots and producibility thresholds at a recent Geosciences Technology Workshop on Unconventional Reservoir Quality.</p></div> </div> <meta itemprop="inLanguage" content="English"> <span style="display: none;" itemprop="publisher" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/Organization"> <span itemprop="name">American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG)</span> <meta itemprop="logo" content="https://img.aapg.org/Portals/0/images/_site/AAPG-logo-footer.png"> </span> <div class="morelink">Added on <span itemprop="datePublished" class="schema">01 February, 2014</span></div> </div>  <div class="list-with-images explorer-articles dnnClear" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Article">  <div class="litImage Bulletin Article 1plus4 Rotation Basin Modeling and Geochemistry Bulletin Journals Maturation Publications Salt Tectonics Structure Thermal History Sponsored " style="position: relative;"> <a href='http://auth.aapg.org/data/auth?TargetURL=http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2014/02feb/BLTN12226/BLTN12226.HTM' > <div class="image-overlay "></div> <noscript data-slimmage>  <img itemprop="image" class=" lazy " data-original="/Portals/0/PackFlashItemImages/WebReady/a-surprising-asymmetric-paleothermal-anomaly-around.jpg?width=200&height=200&mode=crop&anchor=middlecenter&encoder=freeimage&progressive=true&quality=90&scale=both&bgcolor=ffffff" src="/portals/0/PackFlashItemImages/WebReady/a-surprising-asymmetric-paleothermal-anomaly-around.jpg?width=200&height=200&mode=crop&anchor=middlecenter&encoder=freeimage&progressive=true&quality=90&scale=both&bgcolor=ffffff" alt="AAPG"> </noscript> </a> </div> <div class="text Bulletin Article 1plus4 Rotation Basin Modeling and Geochemistry Bulletin Journals Maturation Publications Salt Tectonics Structure Thermal History Sponsored " id="pfid_5769"> <div class="author content-type" style="margin-bottom: 0px;"> <span class="content-type">Bulletin Article</span> </div> <div class="h5" itemprop="headline"> <a itemprop="url" href='http://auth.aapg.org/data/auth?TargetURL=http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2014/02feb/BLTN12226/BLTN12226.HTM' >A surprising asymmetric paleothermal anomaly around El Gordo diapir, La Popa Basin, Mexico</a> </div>  <div class="show-more-snippet fade"><div class="summary" itemprop="description"><p>Thirty-seven mudstone samples were collected from the uppermost Lower Mudstone Member of the Potrerillos Formation in El Gordo minibasin within La Popa Basin, Mexico. The unit is exposed in a circular pattern at the earth's surface and is intersected by El Gordo diapir in the northeast part of the minibasin. Vitrinite reflectance (Ro) results show that samples along the eastern side of the minibasin (i.e., south of the diapir) are mostly thermally immature to low maturity (Ro ranges from 0.53% to 0.64%). Vitrinite values along the southern, western, and northwestern part of the minibasin range between 0.67% and 0.85%. Values of Ro immediately northwest of the diapir are the highest, reaching a maximum of 1.44%. The results are consistent with two different possibilities: (1) that the diapir plunges to the northwest, or (2) that a focused high-temperature heat flow existed along just the northwest margin of the diapir. If the plunging diapir interpretation is correct, then the thermally immature area south of the diapir was in a subsalt position, and the high-maturity area northwest of the diapir was in a suprasalt position prior to Tertiary uplift and erosion. If a presumed salt source at depth to the northwest of El Gordo also fed El Papalote diapir, which is located just to the north of El Gordo diapir, then the tabular halokinetic sequences that are found only along the east side of El Papalote may be subsalt features. However, if the diapir is subvertical and the high-maturity values northwest of the diapir are caused by prolonged, high-temperature fluid flow along just the northwestern margin of the diapir, then both of these scenarios are in disagreement with previously published numerical models. This disagreement arises because the models predict that thermal anomalies will extend outward from a diapir a distance roughly 1.5 times the radius of the diapir, but the results reported here show that the anomalous values on one side of the diapir are about two times the radius, whereas they are as much as five times the radius on the other side of the diapir. The results indicate that strata adjacent to salt margins may experience significantly different heat histories adjacent to different margins of diapirs that result in strikingly different diagenetic histories, even at the same depth.</p></div></div><a class='show-more'>Show more</a> </div> <meta itemprop="inLanguage" content="English"> <span style="display: none;" itemprop="publisher" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/Organization"> <span itemprop="name">American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG)</span> <meta itemprop="logo" content="https://img.aapg.org/Portals/0/images/_site/AAPG-logo-footer.png"> </span> <div class="morelink">Added on <span itemprop="datePublished" class="schema">31 January, 2014</span></div> </div>  <div class="list-with-images explorer-articles dnnClear" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Article">  <div class="litImage Bulletin Article 1plus4 Rotation Basin Modeling and Geochemistry Bulletin Coalbed Methane Journals Maturation Migration Oil and Gas Analysis Petrophysics and Well Logs Publications Thermal History Sponsored " style="position: relative;"> <a href='http://auth.aapg.org/data/auth?TargetURL=http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2013/08aug/BLTN12123/BLTN12123.HTM' > <div class="image-overlay "></div> <noscript data-slimmage>  <img itemprop="image" class=" lazy " data-original="/Portals/0/PackFlashItemImages/WebReady/variable-gas-content-saturation-and-accumulation.jpg?width=200&height=200&mode=crop&anchor=middlecenter&encoder=freeimage&progressive=true&quality=90&scale=both&bgcolor=ffffff" src="/portals/0/PackFlashItemImages/WebReady/variable-gas-content-saturation-and-accumulation.jpg?width=200&height=200&mode=crop&anchor=middlecenter&encoder=freeimage&progressive=true&quality=90&scale=both&bgcolor=ffffff" alt="AAPG"> </noscript> </a> </div> <div class="text Bulletin Article 1plus4 Rotation Basin Modeling and Geochemistry Bulletin Coalbed Methane Journals Maturation Migration Oil and Gas Analysis Petrophysics and Well Logs Publications Thermal History Sponsored " id="pfid_5687"> <div class="author content-type" style="margin-bottom: 0px;"> <span class="content-type">Bulletin Article</span> </div> <div class="h5" itemprop="headline"> <a itemprop="url" href='http://auth.aapg.org/data/auth?TargetURL=http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2013/08aug/BLTN12123/BLTN12123.HTM' >Variable gas content, saturation, and accumulation characteristics of Weibei coalbed methane pilot-production field in the southeastern Ordos Basin, China</a> </div>  <div class="show-more-snippet fade"><div class="summary" itemprop="description"><p>Using diverse geologic and geophysical data from recent exploration and development, and experimental results of analysis of gas content, gas capacity, and gas composition, this article discusses how geologic, structural, and hydrological factors determine the heterogeneous distribution of gas in the Weibei coalbed methane (CBM) field. The coal rank of the Pennsylvanian no. 5 coal seam is mainly low-volatile bituminous and semianthracite. The total gas content is 2.69 to 16.15 m3/t (95.00–570.33 scf/t), and gas saturation is 26.0% to 93.2%. Burial coalification followed by tectonically driven hydrothermal activity controls not only thermal maturity, but also the quality and quantity of thermogenic gas generated from the coal. Gas composition indicates that the CBM is dry and of dominantly thermogenic origin. The thermogenic gases have been altered by fractionation that may be related to subsurface water movement in the southern part of the study area. Three gas accumulation models are identified: (1) gas diffusion and long-distance migration of thermogenic gases to no-flow boundaries for sorption and minor conventional trapping, (2) hydrodynamic trapping of gas in structural lows, and (3) gas loss by hydrodynamic flushing. The first two models are applicable for the formation of two CBM enrichment areas in blocks B3 and B4, whereas the last model explains extremely low gas content and gas saturation in block B5. The variable gas content, saturation, and accumulation characteristics are mainly controlled by these gas accumulation models.</p></div></div><a class='show-more'>Show more</a> </div> <meta itemprop="inLanguage" content="English"> <span style="display: none;" itemprop="publisher" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/Organization"> <span itemprop="name">American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG)</span> <meta itemprop="logo" content="https://img.aapg.org/Portals/0/images/_site/AAPG-logo-footer.png"> </span> <div class="morelink">Added on <span itemprop="datePublished" class="schema">31 July, 2013</span></div> </div>  <div class="list-with-images explorer-articles dnnClear" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Article">  <div class="litImage Explorer Emphasis Article Basin Modeling and Geochemistry Maturation Migration Oil and Gas Analysis Source Rock Thermal History " style="position: relative;"> <a href='http://www.aapg.org/publications/news/explorer/emphasis/Articleid/2351/all-crudes-are-not-created-equally' > <div class="image-overlay "></div> <noscript data-slimmage>  <img itemprop="image" class=" lazy " data-original="/Portals/0/PackFlashItemImages/WebReady/katz-barry.jpg?width=200&height=200&mode=crop&anchor=middlecenter&encoder=freeimage&progressive=true&quality=90&scale=both&bgcolor=ffffff" src="/portals/0/PackFlashItemImages/WebReady/katz-barry.jpg?width=200&height=200&mode=crop&anchor=middlecenter&encoder=freeimage&progressive=true&quality=90&scale=both&bgcolor=ffffff" alt="AAPG"> </noscript> </a> </div> <div class="text Explorer Emphasis Article Basin Modeling and Geochemistry Maturation Migration Oil and Gas Analysis Source Rock Thermal History " id="pfid_2351"> <div class="author content-type" style="margin-bottom: 0px;"> <span class="content-type">Explorer Emphasis Article</span> <span itemprop="author">By Louise Durham</span> </div> <div class="h5" itemprop="headline"> <a itemprop="url" href='http://www.aapg.org/publications/news/explorer/emphasis/Articleid/2351/all-crudes-are-not-created-equally' >All Crudes Are Not Created Equally </a> </div>  <div class="summary" itemprop="description"><p>Scientific knowledge about the origins of oil in the Gulf of Mexico Basin and the resulting impact on oil quality has evolved over a long period of time.</p></div> </div> <meta itemprop="inLanguage" content="English"> <span style="display: none;" itemprop="publisher" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/Organization"> <span itemprop="name">American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG)</span> <meta itemprop="logo" content="https://img.aapg.org/Portals/0/images/_site/AAPG-logo-footer.png"> </span> <div class="morelink">Added on <span itemprop="datePublished" class="schema">01 August, 2011</span></div> </div>  <div class="list-with-images explorer-articles dnnClear" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Article">  <div class="litImage Explorer Article 1plus4 Rotation Basin Modeling Basin Modeling and Geochemistry Business and Economics Economics Geophysics Maturation Migration Oil and Gas Analysis Petroleum Systems Resource Estimation Risk Analysis Sedimentology and Stratigraphy Seismic Sequence Stratigraphy Structure Tectonics (General) Thermal History " style="position: relative;"> <a href='http://www.aapg.org/Publications/News/Explorer/Details/ArticleID/2228/Study-Indicates-Scotia-Fairway-Potential' > <div class="image-overlay "></div> <noscript data-slimmage>  <img itemprop="image" class=" lazy " data-original="/Portals/0/PackFlashItemImages/WebReady/study-indicates-scotia-fairway-potential-2011-07jul-hero.jpg?width=200&height=200&mode=crop&anchor=middlecenter&encoder=freeimage&progressive=true&quality=90&scale=both&bgcolor=ffffff" src="/portals/0/PackFlashItemImages/WebReady/study-indicates-scotia-fairway-potential-2011-07jul-hero.jpg?width=200&height=200&mode=crop&anchor=middlecenter&encoder=freeimage&progressive=true&quality=90&scale=both&bgcolor=ffffff" alt="AAPG"> </noscript> </a> </div> <div class="text Explorer Article 1plus4 Rotation Basin Modeling Basin Modeling and Geochemistry Business and Economics Economics Geophysics Maturation Migration Oil and Gas Analysis Petroleum Systems Resource Estimation Risk Analysis Sedimentology and Stratigraphy Seismic Sequence Stratigraphy Structure Tectonics (General) Thermal History " id="pfid_2228"> <div class="author content-type" style="margin-bottom: 0px;"> <span class="content-type">Explorer Article</span> <span itemprop="author">By Susan Eaton</span> </div> <div class="h5" itemprop="headline"> <a itemprop="url" href='http://www.aapg.org/Publications/News/Explorer/Details/ArticleID/2228/Study-Indicates-Scotia-Fairway-Potential' >Study Indicates Scotia Fairway Potential </a> </div>  <div class="summary" itemprop="description"><p>A Fairway to paradise? Nova Scotia’s offshore energy industry is in the global spotlight after an enticing assessment of resources in the Scotian Basin.</p></div> </div> <meta itemprop="inLanguage" content="English"> <span style="display: none;" itemprop="publisher" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/Organization"> <span itemprop="name">American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG)</span> <meta itemprop="logo" content="https://img.aapg.org/Portals/0/images/_site/AAPG-logo-footer.png"> </span> <div class="morelink">Added on <span itemprop="datePublished" class="schema">01 July, 2011</span></div> </div>  <div class="list-with-images explorer-articles dnnClear" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Article">  <div class="litImage Explorer Emphasis Article Alternative Resources Basin Modeling Basin Modeling and Geochemistry Coal Environmental Geothermal Oil Shale Petrophysics and Well Logs Remediation Sedimentology and Stratigraphy Shale Gas Structure Thermal History Uranium (Nuclear) " style="position: relative;"> <a href='http://www.aapg.org/Publications/News/Explorer/Emphasis/ArticleID/2181/Niobrara-to-Star-at-RMS' > <div class="image-overlay "></div> <noscript data-slimmage>  <img itemprop="image" class=" lazy " data-original="/Portals/0/PackFlashItemImages/WebReady/EXPLORER-cover-2011-06june-thumb.jpg?width=200&height=200&mode=crop&anchor=middlecenter&encoder=freeimage&progressive=true&quality=90&scale=both&bgcolor=ffffff" src="/portals/0/PackFlashItemImages/WebReady/EXPLORER-cover-2011-06june-thumb.jpg?width=200&height=200&mode=crop&anchor=middlecenter&encoder=freeimage&progressive=true&quality=90&scale=both&bgcolor=ffffff" alt="AAPG"> </noscript> </a> </div> <div class="text Explorer Emphasis Article Alternative Resources Basin Modeling Basin Modeling and Geochemistry Coal Environmental Geothermal Oil Shale Petrophysics and Well Logs Remediation Sedimentology and Stratigraphy Shale Gas Structure Thermal History Uranium (Nuclear) " id="pfid_2181"> <div class="author content-type" style="margin-bottom: 0px;"> <span class="content-type">Explorer Emphasis Article</span> </div> <div class="h5" itemprop="headline"> <a itemprop="url" href='http://www.aapg.org/Publications/News/Explorer/Emphasis/ArticleID/2181/Niobrara-to-Star-at-RMS' >Niobrara to Star at RMS </a> </div>  <div class="summary" itemprop="description"><p>The potential of Wyoming's Niobrara shale play will be in the spotlight during this year's AAPG Rocky Mountain Section meeting, set June 25-29 in Cheyenne, Wyo.</p></div> </div> <meta itemprop="inLanguage" content="English"> <span style="display: none;" itemprop="publisher" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/Organization"> <span itemprop="name">American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG)</span> <meta itemprop="logo" content="https://img.aapg.org/Portals/0/images/_site/AAPG-logo-footer.png"> </span> <div class="morelink">Added on <span itemprop="datePublished" class="schema">01 June, 2011</span></div> </div>  <div class="list-with-images explorer-articles dnnClear" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Article">  <div class="litImage Explorer Regions and Sections Basin Modeling Basin Modeling and Geochemistry Business and Economics Carbonates Deep Basin Gas Engineering Maturation Migration Petroleum Systems Petrophysics and Well Logs Reservoir Engineering Resource Estimation Risk Analysis Salt Tectonics Sedimentology and Stratigraphy Shale Gas Source Rock Structure Tectonics (General) Thermal History " style="position: relative;"> <a href='http://www.aapg.org/publications/news/explorer/column/Articleid/2145/inaugural-me-workshop-to-yield-publication' > <div class="image-overlay "></div> <noscript data-slimmage>  <img itemprop="image" class=" lazy " data-original="/Portals/0/PackFlashItemImages/WebReady/EXPLORER-cover-2011-04april-thumb.jpg?width=200&height=200&mode=crop&anchor=middlecenter&encoder=freeimage&progressive=true&quality=90&scale=both&bgcolor=ffffff" src="/portals/0/PackFlashItemImages/WebReady/EXPLORER-cover-2011-04april-thumb.jpg?width=200&height=200&mode=crop&anchor=middlecenter&encoder=freeimage&progressive=true&quality=90&scale=both&bgcolor=ffffff" alt="AAPG"> </noscript> </a> </div> <div class="text Explorer Regions and Sections Basin Modeling Basin Modeling and Geochemistry Business and Economics Carbonates Deep Basin Gas Engineering Maturation Migration Petroleum Systems Petrophysics and Well Logs Reservoir Engineering Resource Estimation Risk Analysis Salt Tectonics Sedimentology and Stratigraphy Shale Gas Source Rock Structure Tectonics (General) Thermal History " id="pfid_2145"> <div class="author content-type" style="margin-bottom: 0px;"> <span class="content-type">Explorer Regions and Sections</span> <span itemprop="author">By Mahdi Abu Ali,Marek Kacewicz</span> </div> <div class="h5" itemprop="headline"> <a itemprop="url" href='http://www.aapg.org/publications/news/explorer/column/Articleid/2145/inaugural-me-workshop-to-yield-publication' >Inaugural ME Workshop to Yield Publication </a> </div>  <div class="summary" itemprop="description"><p>The first Geosciences Technology Workshop ever held in the Middle East Region proved to be an enormous success and a remarkable accomplishment for the geosciences community in the area.</p></div> </div> <meta itemprop="inLanguage" content="English"> <span style="display: none;" itemprop="publisher" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/Organization"> <span itemprop="name">American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG)</span> <meta itemprop="logo" content="https://img.aapg.org/Portals/0/images/_site/AAPG-logo-footer.png"> </span> <div class="morelink">Added on <span itemprop="datePublished" class="schema">01 April, 2011</span></div> </div>     </div> <script type="text/javascript"> /*var moreText = "Show details", lessText = "Hide details", moreButton = 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data-original="/Portals/0/PackFlashItemImages/WebReady/oc-es-geochemical-evaluation-of-eagle-ford-group-source.jpg?width=200&height=200&mode=crop&anchor=middlecenter&encoder=freeimage&progressive=true&quality=90&scale=both&bgcolor=ffffff" src="/portals/0/PackFlashItemImages/WebReady/oc-es-geochemical-evaluation-of-eagle-ford-group-source.jpg?width=200&height=200&mode=crop&anchor=middlecenter&encoder=freeimage&progressive=true&quality=90&scale=both&bgcolor=ffffff" alt="AAPG"> </noscript> </a> </div> <div class="text Online e-Symposium e-Symposium Post Event PaidAccess Basin Modeling and Geochemistry Carbonates Clastics Maturation Oil and Gas Analysis Sedimentology and Stratigraphy Source Rock Thermal History " id="pfid_1465"> <div class="author content-type" style="margin-bottom: 0px;"> <span class="content-type">Online e-Symposium</span> </div> <div class="city-state-country"></div> <div class="dates"><span class="weekday schema">Thursday, </span>11 November 2010<span class="time schema">, 12:00 a.m.–12:00 a.m.</span></div> <div class="h5" itemprop="headline"> <a itemprop="url" href='http://www.aapg.org/career/training/online/e-symposia/details/articleid/1465/geochemical-evaluation-of-eagle-ford-group-source-rocks-and-oils-from-the-first-shot-field-texas' >Geochemical Evaluation of Eagle Ford Group Source Rocks and Oils from the First Shot Field, Texas</a> </div>  <div class="summary" itemprop="description"><p>This e-symposium is ideal for geologists, geophysicists, engineers and other geoscientists who are involved in gas shale exploration and production. </p></div> </div> <meta itemprop="inLanguage" content="English"> <span style="display: none;" itemprop="publisher" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/Organization"> <span itemprop="name">American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG)</span> <meta itemprop="logo" content="https://img.aapg.org/Portals/0/images/_site/AAPG-logo-footer.png"> </span> <div class="morelink">Added on <span itemprop="datePublished" class="schema">02 December, 2013</span></div> </div>  <div class="list-with-images explorer-articles dnnClear" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Event">  <div class="litImage Online e-Symposium e-Symposium Post Event PaidAccess Basin Modeling and Geochemistry Geomechanics and Fracture Analysis Geophysics Oil and Gas Analysis Oil Shale Sedimentology and Stratigraphy Seismic Sequence Stratigraphy Shale Gas Structure Thermal History " style="position: relative;"> <a href='https://www.aapg.org/career/training/online/e-symposia/details/articleid/1486/genetic-sequences-in-eagle-ford-austin-their-significance-in-exploration-and-development' > <div class="image-overlay "></div> <noscript data-slimmage>  <img itemprop="image" class=" lazy " data-original="/Portals/0/PackFlashItemImages/WebReady/oc-es-genetic-sequences-in-eagle-ford-austin.jpg?width=200&height=200&mode=crop&anchor=middlecenter&encoder=freeimage&progressive=true&quality=90&scale=both&bgcolor=ffffff" src="/portals/0/PackFlashItemImages/WebReady/oc-es-genetic-sequences-in-eagle-ford-austin.jpg?width=200&height=200&mode=crop&anchor=middlecenter&encoder=freeimage&progressive=true&quality=90&scale=both&bgcolor=ffffff" alt="AAPG"> </noscript> </a> </div> <div class="text Online e-Symposium e-Symposium Post Event PaidAccess Basin Modeling and Geochemistry Geomechanics and Fracture Analysis Geophysics Oil and Gas Analysis Oil Shale Sedimentology and Stratigraphy Seismic Sequence Stratigraphy Shale Gas Structure Thermal History " id="pfid_1486"> <div class="author content-type" style="margin-bottom: 0px;"> <span class="content-type">Online e-Symposium</span> </div> <div class="city-state-country"></div> <div class="dates"><span class="weekday schema">Thursday, </span>10 May 2012<span class="time schema">, 12:00 a.m.–12:00 a.m.</span></div> <div class="h5" itemprop="headline"> <a itemprop="url" href='https://www.aapg.org/career/training/online/e-symposia/details/articleid/1486/genetic-sequences-in-eagle-ford-austin-their-significance-in-exploration-and-development' >Genetic Sequences in Eagle Ford-Austin: Their Significance in Exploration and Development</a> </div>  <div class="summary" itemprop="description"><p>Recognition and Correlation of the Eagle Ford, Austin Formations in South Texas can be enhanced with High Resolution Biostratigraphy, fossil abundance peaks and Maximum Flooding Surfaces correlated to Upper Cretaceous sequence stratigraphic cycle chart after Gradstein, 2010.</p></div> </div> <meta itemprop="inLanguage" content="English"> <span style="display: none;" itemprop="publisher" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/Organization"> <span itemprop="name">American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG)</span> <meta itemprop="logo" content="https://img.aapg.org/Portals/0/images/_site/AAPG-logo-footer.png"> </span> <div class="morelink">Added on <span itemprop="datePublished" class="schema">11 December, 2013</span></div> </div>     </div> <script type="text/javascript"> /*var moreText = "Show details", lessText = "Hide details", moreButton = $("a.readmorebtn"); moreButton.click(function () { var $this = $(this); $this.text($this.text() == moreText ? lessText : moreText).nextAll(".more").slideToggle("fast"); }); */ $(".show-more").each(function() { var parent_id = "#" + $(this).parent("div").attr("id"); $(this).click(function() { var minimum_height = (parseInt($(parent_id + " .show-more-snippet .summary").css("line-height"), 10) * 5) + "px"; console.log(minimum_height); //if($(parent_id + ' .show-more-snippet').css('height') != '35px'){ if($(parent_id + " .show-more-snippet").css("height") != minimum_height){ //$(parent_id + ' .show-more-snippet').stop().animate({height: '35px'}, 200); $(parent_id + " .show-more-snippet").stop().animate({height: minimum_height}, 200).addClass("fade"); $(this).text("Show more"); }else{ $(parent_id + " .show-more-snippet").css({height:"100%"}).removeClass("fade"); var xx = $(parent_id + " .show-more-snippet").height(); //$(parent_id + ' .show-more-snippet').css({height:'35px'}); $(parent_id + " .show-more-snippet").css({height: minimum_height}); $(parent_id + " .show-more-snippet").stop().animate({height: xx}, 400); // ^^ The above is beacuse you can't animate css to 100% (or any percentage). So I change it to 100%, get the value, change it back, then animate it to the value. If you don't want animation, you can ditch all of it and just leave: $('.show-more-snippet').css({height:'100%'});^^ // $(this).text("Show less"); } }); }); // over 450 characters in summary should trigger "more" </script>  <div class="morelink" align="right"><a target="_blank" href="//www.aapg.org/career/training/online">View All Online Training ...</a></div> </div></div><div id="findanexpert" class="mtop ui-tabs-panel ui-widget-content ui-corner-bottom" role="tabpanel" > <div class="tabs-request-visit"> <style> @media only screen and (min-width: 1025px) { .contact-list-item.cols2 .litImage.Professional a img, .contact-list-item.cols2 .litImage.Professional div img { width: 100px; height: auto; min-height: 75px; min-width: 88px; } .contact-list-item.youngpros.cols2 { min-height: 130px !important; } .contact-list-item.cab .contact-title, .contact-list-item.youngpros .contact-title, .contact-list-item.cab .contact-name, .contact-list-item.youngpros .contact-name { width: 100%; } .contact-list-item.cols2 .litImage.Professional { display: inline-block; 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} .OuterLeft4Pane .litImage a img, .OuterLeft4Pane .litImage div img , .Center4Pane .litImage a img, .Center4Pane .litImage div img , .OuterRight4Pane .litImage a img, .OuterRight4Pane .litImage div img , .Right4Pane .litImage a img, .Right4Pane .litImage div img { min-height: 0; min-width: 0; width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 64px; } .OuterLeft4Pane .image-overlay , .Center4Pane .image-overlay , .OuterRight4Pane .image-overlay , .Right4Pane .image-overlay { display: block; position: absolute; width: 50px; height: 50px; } .OuterLeft4Pane .list-with-images.explorer-articles .morelink, .Center4Pane .list-with-images.explorer-articles .morelink, .OuterRight4Pane .list-with-images.explorer-articles .morelink, .Right4Pane .list-with-images.explorer-articles .morelink { display: none; } .OuterLeft4Pane .list-with-images .h5 a , .Center4Pane .list-with-images .h5 a , .OuterRight4Pane .list-with-images .h5 a , .Right4Pane .list-with-images .h5 a { font-size: 16px; color: #61A63A; line-height: 20px !important; font-weight: normal; } .OuterLeft4Pane .h2_white_content p , .Center4Pane .h2_white_content p , .OuterRight4Pane .h2_white_content p , .Right4Pane .h2_white_content p { line-height: 20px; } .article_paging { margin: 15px 0; padding: 15px 0px; display: inline-flex; flex-wrap: nowrap; justify-content: space-between; width: 100%; text-align: center; } .article_paging a, .article_paging span { font-size: 12px; max-height: 25px; /* width: auto !important; padding: 1px 10px; background: #828385; display: inline-block; margin: 8px 4px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #fff; */ } a.show-more { background: #61a63a none repeat scroll 0 0; color: #fff; display: inline-block; font-size: 12px; margin: 5px 0 0; padding: 2px 5px; text-transform: uppercase; } .show-more-snippet { height: 90px; width: 100%; overflow: hidden; position: relative; } .list-with-images div.h5 a { line-height: 1.2 !important; } } </style> <div class="items">    <div class="list-with-images explorer-articles dnnClear" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/Article"> <div class="litImage DL Abstract 1plus4 Rotation DL Abstracts Archived Basin Modeling Basin Modeling and Geochemistry Petroleum Systems " style="position: relative;"> <a href='https://www.aapg.org/career/training/in-person/distinguished-lecturer/abstract/articleid/65967'> <div class="image-overlay "></div> <noscript data-slimmage>  <img itemprop="image" class="lazy-sidebar" data-original="/Portals/0/PackFlashItemImages/WebReady/dl-abstract-the-assembly-of-pangea-a-view-from-laurentia-kurt-rudolph-hero.jpg?width=200&height=200&mode=crop&anchor=middlecenter&encoder=freeimage&progressive=true&quality=90&scale=both&bgcolor=ffffff" src="/portals/0/PackFlashItemImages/WebReady/dl-abstract-the-assembly-of-pangea-a-view-from-laurentia-kurt-rudolph-hero.jpg?width=200&height=200&mode=crop&anchor=middlecenter&encoder=freeimage&progressive=true&quality=90&scale=both&bgcolor=ffffff" alt="AAPG"> </noscript> </a> </div> <div class="text DL Abstract 1plus4 Rotation DL Abstracts Archived Basin Modeling Basin Modeling and Geochemistry Petroleum Systems " id="pfid_65967"> <div class="author content-type" style="margin-bottom: 0px;"> <span class="content-type">DL Abstract</span> <span class="author" itemprop="author">By Kurt W. Rudolph</span> </div> <div class="h5" itemprop="headline"> <a itemprop="url" href='https://www.aapg.org/career/training/in-person/distinguished-lecturer/abstract/articleid/65967'>The Assembly of Pangea, a View from Laurentia: Paleozoic Orogenies and their Impact on Basin Evolution and Petroleum Systems</a> </div>  <div class="show-more-snippet fade"><div class="summary" itemprop="description"><p>Paleozoic North America has experienced multiple mountain building events, from Ordovician to Permian, on all margins of the continent. These have had a profound effect on the resulting complex basins and their associated petroleum systems. Subsequent uplift, erosion and overprinting of these ancient systems impedes the direct observation of their tectonic history. However, the basin sedimentary records are more complete, and provide additional insights into the timing and style of the mountain building events. In this study, we employ ~90 1D basin models, ~30 inverse flexural models, isopachs, and paleogeographic maps to better understand the Paleozoic history of North America. </p></div></div><a class='show-more'>Show more</a> <p style="/*float: right; height: auto; margin: 0 0 15px; width: 81%;*/"><a class="dnnPrimaryAction" href='//www.aapg.org/career/training/in-person/distinguished-lecturers/arrange-for-a-lecturer'>Request a visit from Kurt W. Rudolph!</a></p> </div> <meta itemprop="inLanguage" content="English"> <span style="display: none;" itemprop="publisher" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/Organization"> <span itemprop="name">American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG)</span> <meta itemprop="logo" content="https://img.aapg.org/Portals/0/images/_site/AAPG-logo-footer.png"> </span> <div class="morelink">Added on <span itemprop="datePublished" class="schema">14 September, 2023</span></div> </div>  <div class="list-with-images explorer-articles dnnClear" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/Article"> <div class="litImage VG Abstract 1plus4 Rotation DL Abstracts Archived Basin Modeling and Geochemistry Bitumen/Heavy Oil Oil Shale Petroleum Systems " style="position: relative;"> <a href='http://www.aapg.org/career/training/in-person/visiting-geoscientist/abstract/Articleid/28752/unconventional-petroleum-reservoirs-an-overview'> <div class="image-overlay "></div> <noscript data-slimmage>  <img itemprop="image" class="lazy-sidebar" data-original="/Portals/0/PackFlashItemImages/WebReady/wiki-oil-shales-hero.jpg?width=200&height=200&mode=crop&anchor=middlecenter&encoder=freeimage&progressive=true&quality=90&scale=both&bgcolor=ffffff" src="/portals/0/PackFlashItemImages/WebReady/wiki-oil-shales-hero.jpg?width=200&height=200&mode=crop&anchor=middlecenter&encoder=freeimage&progressive=true&quality=90&scale=both&bgcolor=ffffff" alt="AAPG"> </noscript> </a> </div> <div class="text VG Abstract 1plus4 Rotation DL Abstracts Archived Basin Modeling and Geochemistry Bitumen/Heavy Oil Oil Shale Petroleum Systems " id="pfid_28752"> <div class="author content-type" style="margin-bottom: 0px;"> <span class="content-type">VG Abstract</span> <span class="author" itemprop="author">By Ameed Ghori</span> </div> <div class="h5" itemprop="headline"> <a itemprop="url" href='http://www.aapg.org/career/training/in-person/visiting-geoscientist/abstract/Articleid/28752/unconventional-petroleum-reservoirs-an-overview'>Unconventional Petroleum Reservoirs: An Overview</a> </div>  <div class="show-more-snippet fade"><div class="summary" itemprop="description"><p>Production from unconventional petroleum reservoirs includes petroleum from shale, coal, tight-sand and oil-sand. These reservoirs contain enormous quantities of oil and natural gas but pose a technology challenge to both geoscientists and engineers to produce economically on a commercial scale. These reservoirs store large volumes and are widely distributed at different stratigraphic levels and basin types, offering long-term potential for energy supply. Most of these reservoirs are low permeability and porosity that need enhancement with hydraulic fracture stimulation to maximize fluid drainage. Production from these reservoirs is increasing with continued advancement in geological characterization techniques and technology for well drilling, logging, and completion with drainage enhancement. Currently, Australia, Argentina, Canada, Egypt, USA, and Venezuela are producing natural gas from low permeability reservoirs: tight-sand, shale, and coal (CBM). Canada, Russia, USA, and Venezuela are producing heavy oil from oilsand. USA is leading the development of techniques for exploring, and technology for exploiting unconventional gas resources, which can help to develop potential gas-bearing shales of Thailand. The main focus is on source-reservoir-seal shale petroleum plays. In these tight rocks petroleum resides in the micro-pores as well as adsorbed on and in the organics. Shale has very low matrix permeability (nano-darcies) and has highly layered formations with differences in vertical and horizontal properties, vertically non-homogeneous and horizontally anisotropic with complicate natural fractures. Understanding the rocks is critical in selecting fluid drainage enhancement mechanisms; rock properties such as where shale is clay or silica rich, clay types and maturation , kerogen type and maturation, permeability, porosity, and saturation. Most of these plays require horizontal development with large numbers of wells that require an understanding of formation structure, setting and reservoir character and its lateral extension. The quality of shale-gas resources depend on thickness of net pay (>100 m), adequate porosity (>2%), high reservoir pressure (ideally overpressure), high thermal maturity (>1.5% Ro), high organic richness (>2% TOC), low in clay (<50%), high in brittle minerals (quartz, carbonates, feldspars), and favourable in-situ stress. During the past decade, unconventional shale and tight-sand gas plays have become an important supply of natural gas in the US, and now in shale oil as well. As a consequence, interest to assess and explore these plays is rapidly spreading worldwide. The high production potential of shale petroleum resources has contributed to a comparably favourable outlook for increased future petroleum supplies globally. Application of 2D and 3D seismic for defining reservoirs and micro seismic for monitoring fracturing, measuring rock properties downhole (borehole imaging) and in laboratory (mineralogy, porosity, permeability), horizontal drilling (downhole GPS), and hydraulic fracture stimulation (cross-linked gel, slick-water, nitrogen or nitrogen foam) is key in improving production from these huge resources with low productivity factors.</p></div></div><a class='show-more'>Show more</a> <p style="/*float: right; height: auto; margin: 0 0 15px; width: 81%;*/"><a class="dnnPrimaryAction" href='//www.aapg.org/career/training/in-person/visiting-geoscientists/request-form'>Request a visit from Ameed Ghori!</a></p> </div> <meta itemprop="inLanguage" content="English"> <span style="display: none;" itemprop="publisher" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/Organization"> <span itemprop="name">American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG)</span> <meta itemprop="logo" content="https://img.aapg.org/Portals/0/images/_site/AAPG-logo-footer.png"> </span> <div class="morelink">Added on <span itemprop="datePublished" class="schema">14 April, 2016</span></div> </div>     </div> <script type="text/javascript"> /*var moreText = "Show details", lessText = "Hide details", moreButton = $("a.readmorebtn"); moreButton.click(function () { var $this = $(this); $this.text($this.text() == moreText ? lessText : moreText).nextAll(".more").slideToggle("fast"); }); */ $('.show-more').each(function() { var parent_id = "#" + $(this).parent("div").attr("id"); $(this).click(function() { var minimum_height = (parseInt($(parent_id + ' .show-more-snippet .summary').css('line-height'), 10) * 5) + 'px'; console.log(minimum_height); //if($(parent_id + ' .show-more-snippet').css('height') != '35px'){ if($(parent_id + ' .show-more-snippet').css('height') != minimum_height){ //$(parent_id + ' .show-more-snippet').stop().animate({height: '35px'}, 200); $(parent_id + ' .show-more-snippet').stop().animate({height: minimum_height}, 200).addClass("fade"); $(this).text('Show more'); }else{ $(parent_id + ' .show-more-snippet').css({height:'100%'}).removeClass("fade"); var xx = $(parent_id + ' .show-more-snippet').height(); //$(parent_id + ' .show-more-snippet').css({height:'35px'}); $(parent_id + ' .show-more-snippet').css({height: minimum_height}); $(parent_id + ' .show-more-snippet').stop().animate({height: xx}, 400); // ^^ The above is beacuse you can't animate css to 100% (or any percentage). So I change it to 100%, get the value, change it back, then animate it to the value. If you don't want animation, you can ditch all of it and just leave: $('.show-more-snippet').css({height:'100%'});^^ // $(this).text('Show less'); } }); }); // over 450 characters in summary should trigger "more" </script>  </div></div></div> </div><div class="hidden" id="testingnews"></div></div> </div></div></div> </div></div> <div id="dnn_Right3PaneSubmenu" class="Right3Pane Right3PaneSubmenu"><div class="DnnModule DnnModule-DDRMenu DnnModule-11721"><a name="11721"></a> <div class="no_title_light_area"> <div class="no_title_light_content"> <div id="dnn_ctr11721_contentpane" class="content_pad"> <h3>Related Interests</h3><div id="dnn_ctr11721_ModuleContent" class="DNNModuleContent ModDDRMenuC"> <style> .h3_dark_content ul ul {margin:10px 0 0 10px !important;} .Right3Pane .no_title_light_content li, .Right4Pane .no_title_light_content li {margin: 0;} .Right3Pane .no_title_light_content .ModDDRMenuC ul li + li, .Right4Pane .no_title_light_content .ModDDRMenuC ul li + li {margin-top: 10px;} .ui-tabs-panel .xmp-form a.dnnSecondaryAction, .ui-tabs-panel .xmp-form span.dnnInputFileWrapper.dnnSecondaryAction{ display: inline-block !important; width: auto !important; font-weight: normal !important; margin: 5px; font-size: 12px; padding: 3px 6px; background: #61A63A !important; } /*.ui-tabs-panel .xmp-form .dnnActions input[type="reset"],*/ .ui-tabs-panel .xmp-form a.dnnSecondaryAction, .ui-tabs-panel .xmp-form span.dnnInputFileWrapper.dnnSecondaryAction{ background: #61A63A !important; } /*.ui-tabs-panel .xmp-form .dnnActions input[type="reset"]:hover,*/ .ui-tabs-panel .xmp-form a.dnnSecondaryAction:hover, .ui-tabs-panel .xmp-form span.dnnInputFileWrapper.dnnSecondaryAction:hover{ background: #f7941e !important; } .ui-tabs-panel .xmp-form .dnnFormItem label{ display: block; } .ui-tabs-panel .xmp-form .dnnFormItem textarea, .ui-tabs-panel .xmp-form .dnnFormItem input[type="text"]{ float: left; } </style> <ul> <li class="toplevel first"> <a href="https://www.aapg.org/science/discipline/basin-modeling-and-geochemistry/basin-modeling" class="sidebar-navlink">Basin Modeling</a> </li> <li class="toplevel"> <a href="https://www.aapg.org/science/discipline/basin-modeling-and-geochemistry/maturation" class="sidebar-navlink">Maturation</a> </li> <li class="toplevel"> <a href="https://www.aapg.org/science/discipline/basin-modeling-and-geochemistry/migration" class="sidebar-navlink">Migration</a> </li> <li class="toplevel"> <a href="https://www.aapg.org/science/discipline/basin-modeling-and-geochemistry/oil-and-gas-analysis" class="sidebar-navlink">Oil and Gas Analysis</a> </li> <li class="toplevel"> <a href="https://www.aapg.org/science/discipline/basin-modeling-and-geochemistry/oil-seeps" class="sidebar-navlink">Oil Seeps</a> </li> <li class="toplevel"> <a href="https://www.aapg.org/science/discipline/basin-modeling-and-geochemistry/petroleum-systems" class="sidebar-navlink">Petroleum Systems</a> </li> <li class="toplevel"> <a href="https://www.aapg.org/science/discipline/basin-modeling-and-geochemistry/source-rock" class="sidebar-navlink">Source Rock</a> </li> <li class="toplevel last selected"> <a href="https://www.aapg.org/science/discipline/basin-modeling-and-geochemistry/thermal-history" class="sidebar-navlink">Thermal History</a> </li> </ul> </div><div class="sidebar-bottom-margin"></div></div> <div></div> </div> </div> </div><div class="DnnModule DnnModule-DDRMenu DnnModule-11722"><a name="11722"></a> <div class="h3_title_dark_area"> <h3><span id="dnn_ctr11722_dnnTITLE_titleLabel" class="Head">See Also ...</span> </h3> <div class="h3_dark_content"> <div id="dnn_ctr11722_contentpane" class="content_pad"> <div id="dnn_ctr11722_ModuleContent" class="DNNModuleContent ModDDRMenuC"> <style> .h3_dark_content ul ul {margin:10px 0 0 10px !important;} .Right3Pane .no_title_light_content li, .Right4Pane .no_title_light_content li {margin: 0;} .Right3Pane .no_title_light_content .ModDDRMenuC ul li + li, .Right4Pane .no_title_light_content .ModDDRMenuC ul li + li {margin-top: 10px;} .ui-tabs-panel .xmp-form a.dnnSecondaryAction, .ui-tabs-panel .xmp-form span.dnnInputFileWrapper.dnnSecondaryAction{ display: inline-block !important; width: auto !important; font-weight: normal !important; margin: 5px; font-size: 12px; padding: 3px 6px; background: #61A63A !important; } /*.ui-tabs-panel .xmp-form .dnnActions input[type="reset"],*/ .ui-tabs-panel .xmp-form a.dnnSecondaryAction, .ui-tabs-panel .xmp-form span.dnnInputFileWrapper.dnnSecondaryAction{ background: #61A63A !important; } /*.ui-tabs-panel .xmp-form .dnnActions input[type="reset"]:hover,*/ .ui-tabs-panel .xmp-form a.dnnSecondaryAction:hover, .ui-tabs-panel .xmp-form span.dnnInputFileWrapper.dnnSecondaryAction:hover{ background: #f7941e !important; } .ui-tabs-panel .xmp-form .dnnFormItem label{ display: block; } .ui-tabs-panel .xmp-form .dnnFormItem textarea, .ui-tabs-panel .xmp-form .dnnFormItem input[type="text"]{ float: left; } </style> <ul> <li class="toplevel first"> <a href="https://www.aapg.org/science/discipline/structure" class="sidebar-navlink">Structure</a> </li> <li class="toplevel"> <a href="https://www.aapg.org/science/discipline/basin-modeling-and-geochemistry" class="sidebar-navlink">Basin Modeling and Geochemistry</a> </li> <li class="toplevel"> <a href="https://www.aapg.org/science/discipline/engineering" class="sidebar-navlink">Engineering</a> </li> <li class="toplevel"> <a href="https://www.aapg.org/science/discipline/geophysics" class="sidebar-navlink">Geophysics</a> </li> <li class="toplevel"> <a href="https://www.aapg.org/science/discipline/sedimentology-and-stratigraphy" class="sidebar-navlink">Sedimentology and Stratigraphy</a> </li> <li class="toplevel"> <a href="https://www.aapg.org/science/discipline/business-and-economics" class="sidebar-navlink">Business and Economics</a> </li> <li class="toplevel"> <a href="https://www.aapg.org/science/discipline/environmental" class="sidebar-navlink">Environmental</a> </li> <li class="toplevel"> <a href="https://www.aapg.org/science/discipline/petrophysics-and-well-logs" class="sidebar-navlink">Petrophysics and Well Logs</a> </li> <li class="toplevel last"> <a href="https://www.aapg.org/science/discipline/astrogeology" class="sidebar-navlink">Astrogeology</a> </li> </ul> </div></div> <div></div> </div> </div> </div></div> <div class="clr"></div> <div class="clr"></div> <div class="clr"></div> <div class="clr"></div> <div class="clr"></div> <div id="empty"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clr"></div>   <div id="outerFt"> <div class="footer_bg"> <div class="row"> <div class="footer_area_bg"> <a id="sitemap" name="sitemap"></a> <div class="footer_area"> <div class="link_text" align="right"> Looking For Something? 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