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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>The MIC and the Cold War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_MIC_and_the_Cold_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eras" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eras"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Eras</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Eras-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Eras subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Eras-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-First_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>First era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Second era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Third_(current)_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Third_(current)_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Third (current) era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Third_(current)_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military_subsidy_theory" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military_subsidy_theory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Military subsidy theory</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military_subsidy_theory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Current_applications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current_applications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Current applications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Current_applications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Political geography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Similar_concepts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Similar_concepts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Similar concepts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Similar_concepts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Military–industrial complex</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 44 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-44" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">44 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9_%D8%B5%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A_%D8%B9%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="مجمع صناعي عسكري – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مجمع صناعي عسكري" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complexu_industrial-militar" title="Complexu industrial-militar – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Complexu industrial-militar" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Ваенна-прамысловы комплекс – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ваенна-прамысловы комплекс" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vojno-industrijski_kompleks" title="Vojno-industrijski kompleks – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Vojno-industrijski kompleks" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex_militar-industrial" title="Complex militar-industrial – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Complex militar-industrial" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vojensko-pr%C5%AFmyslov%C3%BD_komplex" title="Vojensko-průmyslový komplex – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Vojensko-průmyslový komplex" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cydberthynas_filwrol-ddiwydiannol" title="Cydberthynas filwrol-ddiwydiannol – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cydberthynas filwrol-ddiwydiannol" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milit%C3%A6r-industrielle_kompleks" title="Militær-industrielle kompleks – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Militær-industrielle kompleks" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milit%C3%A4risch-industrieller_Komplex" title="Militärisch-industrieller Komplex – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Militärisch-industrieller Komplex" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B9%CF%89%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%E2%80%93%CE%B2%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%B7%CF%87%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CF%83%CF%8D%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%B3%CE%BC%CE%B1_%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD_%CE%97%CE%A0%CE%91" title="Στρατιωτικό–βιομηχανικό σύμπλεγμα των ΗΠΑ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Στρατιωτικό–βιομηχανικό σύμπλεγμα των ΗΠΑ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complejo_industrial-militar" title="Complejo industrial-militar – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Complejo industrial-militar" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armea-industria_komplekso" title="Armea-industria komplekso – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Armea-industria komplekso" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konplexu_militar-industrial" title="Konplexu militar-industrial – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Konplexu militar-industrial" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%B9_%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%B5%D9%86%D8%B9%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="مجتمع نظامی صنعتی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مجتمع نظامی صنعتی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complexe_militaro-industriel" title="Complexe militaro-industriel – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Complexe militaro-industriel" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complexo_militar-industrial" title="Complexo militar-industrial – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Complexo militar-industrial" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B5%B0%EC%82%B0_%EB%B3%B5%ED%95%A9%EC%B2%B4" title="군산 복합체 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="군산 복합체" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A4%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%AB%D6%80" title="Ռազմաարդյունաբերական համալիր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռազմաարդյունաբերական համալիր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%94%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2" title="सैन्य औद्योगिक संकुल – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सैन्य औद्योगिक संकुल" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kompleks_militer%E2%80%93industri" title="Kompleks militer–industri – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kompleks militer–industri" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hergagnai%C3%B0na%C3%B0urinn" title="Hergagnaiðnaðurinn – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hergagnaiðnaðurinn" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complesso_militare-industriale" title="Complesso militare-industriale – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Complesso militare-industriale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%A7%D7%A1_%D7%94%D7%A6%D7%91%D7%90%D7%99-%D7%AA%D7%A2%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%99%D7%AA%D7%99" title="הקומפלקס הצבאי-תעשייתי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הקומפלקס הצבאי-תעשייתי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8-%D3%A9%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BF_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%96" title="Әскери-өнеркәсіп кешені – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Әскери-өнеркәсіп кешені" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%94%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2" title="लष्करी औद्योगिक संकुल – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="लष्करी औद्योगिक संकुल" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Militair-industrieel_complex" title="Militair-industrieel complex – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Militair-industrieel complex" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BB%8D%E7%94%A3%E8%A4%87%E5%90%88%E4%BD%93" title="軍産複合体 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="軍産複合体" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compl%C3%A8x_militaroindustriau" title="Complèx militaroindustriau – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Complèx militaroindustriau" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%B9%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%88%D8%B3%D9%B9%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%84_%DA%A9%D9%85%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B3" title="ملٹری انڈسٹریل کمپلیکس – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ملٹری انڈسٹریل کمپلیکس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complexo_militar-industrial" title="Complexo militar-industrial – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Complexo militar-industrial" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%88%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Военно-промышленный комплекс – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Военно-промышленный комплекс" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military%E2%80%93industrial_complex" title="Military–industrial complex – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Military–industrial complex" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%86%D9%85%DB%95%DA%B5%DB%95%DB%8C_%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B4%DB%95%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%B3%DB%95%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C" title="کۆمەڵەی پیشەسازیی سەربازی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کۆمەڵەی پیشەسازیی سەربازی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vojno-industrijski_kompleks" title="Vojno-industrijski kompleks – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Vojno-industrijski kompleks" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vojno-industrijski_kompleks" title="Vojno-industrijski kompleks – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Vojno-industrijski kompleks" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sotateollinen_kompleksi" title="Sotateollinen kompleksi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sotateollinen kompleksi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milit%C3%A4rindustriella_komplexet" title="Militärindustriella komplexet – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Militärindustriella komplexet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81" title="படைத்துறைத் தொழிற்கூட்டு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="படைத்துறைத் தொழிற்கூட்டு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3" title="กลุ่มอุตสาหกรรมทหาร – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กลุ่มอุตสาหกรรมทหาร" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asker%C3%AE-end%C3%BCstriyel_kompleks" title="Askerî-endüstriyel kompleks – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Askerî-endüstriyel kompleks" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Оборонно-промисловий комплекс – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Оборонно-промисловий комплекс" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%B9%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%88%D8%B3%D9%B9%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%84_%DA%A9%D9%85%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B3" title="ملٹری انڈسٹریل کمپلیکس – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ملٹری انڈسٹریل کمپلیکس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%E1%BB%95_h%E1%BB%A3p_qu%C3%A2n_s%E1%BB%B1_%E2%80%93_c%C3%B4ng_nghi%E1%BB%87p" title="Tổ hợp quân sự – công nghiệp – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tổ hợp quân sự – công nghiệp" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%86%9B%E4%BA%8B%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A%E5%A4%8D%E5%90%88%E4%BD%93" title="军事工业复合体 – Chinese" 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class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Globalize plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-globalize" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Globe icon." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/48px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/73px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/97px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">The examples and perspective in this article <b>deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Countering_systemic_bias" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Countering systemic bias">worldwide view</a> of the subject</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> You may <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Military%E2%80%93industrial_complex&action=edit">improve this article</a>, discuss the issue on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Military%E2%80%93industrial_complex" title="Talk:Military–industrial complex">talk page</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_wizard" title="Wikipedia:Article wizard">create a new article</a>, as appropriate.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The expression <b>military–industrial complex</b> (<b>MIC</b>) describes the relationship between a country's <a href="/wiki/Military" title="Military">military</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Arms_industry" title="Arms industry">defense industry</a> that supplies it, seen together as a vested interest which influences <a href="/wiki/Public_policy" title="Public policy">public policy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bacevich2009_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bacevich2009-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A driving factor behind the relationship between the military and the defense-minded corporations is that both sides benefit—one side from obtaining weapons, and the other from being paid to supply them.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term is most often used in reference to the system behind the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Armed_Forces" title="United States Armed Forces">armed forces of the United States</a>, where the relationship is most prevalent due to close links among defense contractors, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">the Pentagon</a>, and politicians.<sup id="cite_ref-npr_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-npr-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The expression gained popularity after a warning of the relationship's detrimental effects, in <a href="/wiki/Eisenhower%27s_farewell_address" class="mw-redirect" title="Eisenhower's farewell address">the farewell address</a> of U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a> on January 17, 1961.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Held1999_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Held1999-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Conceptually, it is closely related to the ideas of the <a href="/wiki/Iron_triangle_(US_politics)" title="Iron triangle (US politics)">iron triangle</a> (the three-sided relationship between <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">Congress</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States">executive branch</a> bureaucracy, and <a href="/wiki/Lobbying" title="Lobbying">interest groups</a>) and the <a href="/wiki/Defense_industrial_base" title="Defense industrial base">defense industrial base</a> (the network of organizations, facilities, and resources that supplies governments with defense-related goods and services).<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Military%E2%80%93industrial_complex&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dwight_D._Eisenhower,_official_photo_portrait,_May_29,_1959.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Dwight_D._Eisenhower%2C_official_photo_portrait%2C_May_29%2C_1959.jpg/220px-Dwight_D._Eisenhower%2C_official_photo_portrait%2C_May_29%2C_1959.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Dwight_D._Eisenhower%2C_official_photo_portrait%2C_May_29%2C_1959.jpg/330px-Dwight_D._Eisenhower%2C_official_photo_portrait%2C_May_29%2C_1959.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Dwight_D._Eisenhower%2C_official_photo_portrait%2C_May_29%2C_1959.jpg/440px-Dwight_D._Eisenhower%2C_official_photo_portrait%2C_May_29%2C_1959.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2782" data-file-height="3474" /></a><figcaption>In <a href="/wiki/Eisenhower%27s_farewell_address" class="mw-redirect" title="Eisenhower's farewell address">his farewell address</a>, <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">U.S. President</a> <a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a> famously warned <a href="/wiki/Citizenship_of_the_United_States" title="Citizenship of the United States">U.S. citizens</a> about the "military–industrial complex".</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="931" data-mwtitle="Eisenhower_farewell_address.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Eisenhower_farewell_address.ogg"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/90/Eisenhower_farewell_address.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/90/Eisenhower_farewell_address.ogg/Eisenhower_farewell_address.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AEisenhower_farewell_address.ogg&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></span><figcaption>Eisenhower's farewell address, January 17, 1961. The term <i>military–industrial complex</i> is used at 8:16. Length: 15:30</figcaption></figure> <p>U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower originally coined the term in his <a href="/wiki/Eisenhower%27s_farewell_address" class="mw-redirect" title="Eisenhower's farewell address">Farewell Address</a> to the Nation on January 17, 1961:<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>A vital element in keeping the peace is our military establishment. Our arms must be mighty, ready for instant action, so that no potential aggressor may be tempted to risk his own destruction... </p><p>This conjunction of an immense military establishment and a large arms industry is new in the American experience. The total influence—economic, political, even spiritual—is felt in every city, every statehouse, every office of the federal government. We recognize the imperative need for this development. Yet we must not fail to comprehend its grave implications. Our toil, resources and livelihood are all involved; so is the very structure of our society. In the councils of government, <b>we must guard against the acquisition of unwarranted influence, whether sought or unsought, by the military–industrial complex</b>. The potential for the disastrous rise of misplaced power exists, and will persist. </p><p> We must never let the weight of this combination endanger our liberties or democratic processes. We should take nothing for granted. Only an alert and knowledgeable citizenry can compel the proper meshing of the huge industrial and military machinery of defense with our peaceful methods and goals so that security and liberty may prosper together. [emphasis added]</p></blockquote> <p>The phrase was thought to have been "war-based" industrial complex before becoming "military" in later drafts of Eisenhower's speech, a claim passed on only by oral history.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Perret" title="Geoffrey Perret">Geoffrey Perret</a>, in his biography of Eisenhower, claims that, in one draft of the speech, the phrase was "military–industrial–congressional complex", indicating the essential role that the United States Congress plays in the propagation of the military industry, but the word "congressional" was dropped from the final version to appease the then-currently elected officials.<sup id="cite_ref-Ledbetter_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ledbetter-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/James_Ledbetter" title="James Ledbetter">James Ledbetter</a> calls this a "stubborn misconception" not supported by any evidence; likewise a claim by <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Brinkley" title="Douglas Brinkley">Douglas Brinkley</a> that it was originally "military–industrial–scientific complex".<sup id="cite_ref-Ledbetter_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ledbetter-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Giroux" title="Henry Giroux">Henry Giroux</a> claims that it was originally "military–industrial–academic complex".<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The actual authors of the speech were Eisenhower's speechwriters <a href="/wiki/Ralph_E._Williams" title="Ralph E. Williams">Ralph E. Williams</a> and <a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Moos" title="Malcolm Moos">Malcolm Moos</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_MIC_and_the_Cold_War">The MIC and the Cold War</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Military%E2%80%93industrial_complex&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: The MIC and the Cold War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Attempts to conceptualize something similar to a modern "military–industrial complex" did exist before 1961, as the underlying phenomenon described by the term is generally agreed to have emerged during or shortly after <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, a similar phrase was used in a 1947 <i><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Affairs" title="Foreign Affairs">Foreign Affairs</a></i> article in a sense close to that it would later acquire, and sociologist <a href="/wiki/C._Wright_Mills" title="C. Wright Mills">C. Wright Mills</a> contended in his 1956 book <i><a href="/wiki/The_Power_Elite" title="The Power Elite">The Power Elite</a></i> that a democratically unaccountable class of military, business, and political leaders with convergent interests exercised the preponderance of power in the contemporary West.<sup id="cite_ref-Ledbetter_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ledbetter-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, following its coinage in Eisenhower's address, the MIC became a staple of American political and sociological discourse. Many <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a>–era activists and polemicists, such as <a href="/wiki/Seymour_Melman" title="Seymour Melman">Seymour Melman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Noam Chomsky</a> employed the concept in their criticism of U.S. foreign policy, while other academics and policymakers found it to be a useful analytical framework. Although the MIC was bound up in its origins with the bipolar international environment of the Cold War, some contended that the MIC might endure under different geopolitical conditions (for example, <a href="/wiki/George_F._Kennan" title="George F. Kennan">George F. Kennan</a> wrote in 1987 that "were the Soviet Union to sink tomorrow under the waters of the ocean, the American military–industrial complex would have to remain, substantially unchanged, until some other adversary could be invented.").<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The collapse of the USSR and the resultant decrease in global military spending (the so-called '<a href="/wiki/Peace_dividend" title="Peace dividend">peace dividend</a>') did in fact lead to decreases in defense industrial output and consolidation among major arms producers, although global expenditures rose again following the <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 terror attacks</a> and the ensuing <a href="/wiki/War_on_terror" title="War on terror">global war on terror</a>, as well as the more recent increase in geopolitical tensions associated with strategic competition between the United States, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eras">Eras</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Military%E2%80%93industrial_complex&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Eras"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks plainlist" style="width: 15em;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="background: #EAECF0; font-size: 100%;">History of the United States expansion<br />and influence</th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Colonialism</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manifest_destiny" title="Manifest destiny">Manifest destiny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_evolution_of_the_United_States" title="Territorial evolution of the United States">Territorial evolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_frontier" title="American frontier">American frontier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaska_Purchase" title="Alaska Purchase">Alaska Purchase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceded_lands_(Hawaii)" title="Ceded lands (Hawaii)">Ceded lands</a></li></ul> <hr /></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Militarism</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_United_States" title="Military history of the United States">Military history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_United_States_military_operations" title="Timeline of United States military operations">Military operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_the_United_States" title="List of wars involving the United States">List of wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_military_deployments" title="United States military deployments">Military deployments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_military_installations" title="List of American military installations">Military bases abroad</a></li></ul> <hr /></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Foreign policy of the United States">Foreign policy</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_imperialism" title="American imperialism">Imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_non-interventionism" title="United States non-interventionism">Non-interventionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_interventions_by_the_United_States" title="Foreign interventions by the United States">Foreign interventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monroe_Doctrine" title="Monroe Doctrine">Monroe Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_involvement_in_regime_change" title="United States involvement in regime change">Involvement in regime change</a> (<a href="/wiki/United_States_involvement_in_regime_change_in_Latin_America" title="United States involvement in regime change in Latin America">Latin America</a>)</li></ul> <hr /></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Concepts</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_exceptionalism" title="American exceptionalism">Exceptionalism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pax_Americana" title="Pax Americana">Pax Americana</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Century" title="American Century">American Century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/America%27s_Backyard" title="America's Backyard">America's Backyard</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:American_imperialism" title="Template:American imperialism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:American_imperialism" title="Template talk:American imperialism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:American_imperialism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:American imperialism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Some sources divide the history of the military–industrial complex into three distinct eras.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_era">First era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Military%E2%80%93industrial_complex&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: First era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From 1797 to 1941, the government only relied on civilian industries while the country was actually at war. The government owned their own shipyards and weapons manufacturing facilities which they relied on through <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>. With World War II came a massive shift in the way that the U.S. government armed the military. </p><p>With the onset of World War II President <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> established the <a href="/wiki/War_Production_Board" title="War Production Board">War Production Board</a> to coordinate civilian industries and shift them into wartime production. Throughout World War II arms production in the United States went from around one percent of annual <a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> to 40 percent of GDP.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Various U.S. companies, such as <a href="/wiki/Boeing" title="Boeing">Boeing</a> and <a href="/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors">General Motors</a>, maintained and expanded their defense divisions.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These companies have gone on to develop various technologies that have improved civilian life as well, such as <a href="/wiki/Night-vision_device" title="Night-vision device">night-vision goggles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Global_Positioning_System" title="Global Positioning System">GPS</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_23-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_era">Second era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Military%E2%80%93industrial_complex&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Second era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The second era is identified as beginning with the coining of the term by President Dwight D. Eisenhower. This era continued through the Cold War period, up to the end of the <a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Pact" title="Warsaw Pact">Warsaw Pact</a> and the collapse of the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>. A 1965 article written by Marc Pilisuk and Thomas Hayden says benefits of the military–industrial complex of the United States include the advancement of the civilian technology market as civilian companies benefit from innovations from the MIC and vice versa.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1993, the Pentagon urged defense contractors to consolidate due to the fall of communism and a shrinking defense budget.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_23-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Third_(current)_era"><span id="Third_.28current.29_era"></span>Third (current) era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Military%E2%80%93industrial_complex&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Third (current) era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Military_Expenditures_by_Country_2019.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Military_Expenditures_by_Country_2019.svg/350px-Military_Expenditures_by_Country_2019.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Military_Expenditures_by_Country_2019.svg/525px-Military_Expenditures_by_Country_2019.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Military_Expenditures_by_Country_2019.svg/700px-Military_Expenditures_by_Country_2019.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="905" data-file-height="661" /></a><figcaption>A pie chart showing global military expenditures by country for 2019, in US$ billions, according to <a href="/wiki/Stockholm_International_Peace_Research_Institute" title="Stockholm International Peace Research Institute">SIPRI</a>. Note that this is not shown as a percentage of <a href="/wiki/GDP" class="mw-redirect" title="GDP">GDP</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>In the third era, defense contractors either consolidated or shifted their focus to civilian innovation. From 1992 to 1997 there was a total of US$55 billion worth of mergers in the defense industry, with major defense companies purchasing smaller competitors.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_23-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The U.S. domestic economy is now tied directly to the success of the MIC which has led to concerns of repression as Cold War-era attitudes are still prevalent among the American public.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shifts in values and the collapse of communism have ushered in a new era for the military–industrial complex. The Department of Defense works in coordination with traditional military–industrial complex aligned companies such as <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin" title="Lockheed Martin">Lockheed Martin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman" title="Northrop Grumman">Northrop Grumman</a>. Many former defense contractors have shifted operations to the civilian market and sold off their defense departments.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_23-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Military_subsidy_theory">Military subsidy theory</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Military%E2%80%93industrial_complex&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Military subsidy theory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the military subsidy theory, the Cold War–era mass production of aircraft benefited the <a href="/wiki/Civil_aviation" title="Civil aviation">civilian</a> <a href="/wiki/Aerospace_manufacturer" title="Aerospace manufacturer">aircraft industry</a>. The theory asserts that the technologies developed during the Cold War along with the financial backing of the military led to the dominance of <a href="/wiki/Category:Aircraft_manufacturers_of_the_United_States" title="Category:Aircraft manufacturers of the United States">U.S. aviation companies</a>. There is also strong evidence that the United States federal government intentionally paid a higher price for these innovations to serve as a subsidy for civilian aircraft advancement.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Current_applications">Current applications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Military%E2%80%93industrial_complex&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Current applications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the <a href="/wiki/Stockholm_International_Peace_Research_Institute" title="Stockholm International Peace Research Institute">Stockholm International Peace Research Institute</a> (SIPRI), total world spending on military expenses in 2022 was $2,240 billion. 39% of this total, or $837 billion, was spent by the United States. China was the second largest spender, with $292 billion and 13% of the global share.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The privatization of the production and invention of military technology also leads to a complicated relationship with significant research and development of many technologies. In 2011, the United States spent more (in absolute numbers) on its military than the next 13 countries combined.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Military_budget_of_the_United_States" title="Military budget of the United States">military budget of the United States</a> for the 2009 fiscal year was $515.4 billion. Adding emergency discretionary spending and supplemental spending brings the sum to $651.2 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-gpoaccess.gov_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gpoaccess.gov-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This does not include many military-related items that are outside of the Defense Department's budget. Overall, the U.S. federal government is spending about $1 trillion annually on military-related purposes.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>President <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> signed a record $886 billion <a href="/wiki/National_Defense_Authorization_Act_for_Fiscal_Year_2024" title="National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024">defense spending bill</a> into law on December 22, 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a 2012 story, <i><a href="/wiki/Salon.com" title="Salon.com">Salon</a></i> reported, "Despite a decline in global arms sales in 2010 due to <a href="/wiki/Recession" title="Recession">recessionary</a> pressures, the United States increased its market share, accounting for a whopping 53 percent of the trade that year. Last year saw the United States on pace to deliver more than $46 billion in foreign arms sales."<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The military and arms industry also tend to contribute heavily to incumbent members of Congress.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_geography">Political geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Military%E2%80%93industrial_complex&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Political geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Defense_US_top20_2022.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Defense_US_top20_2022.png/220px-Defense_US_top20_2022.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Defense_US_top20_2022.png/330px-Defense_US_top20_2022.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Defense_US_top20_2022.png/440px-Defense_US_top20_2022.png 2x" data-file-width="1151" data-file-height="862" /></a><figcaption>The 20 largest US defense contractors as of 2022 ranked by their defense revenue. <sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </figcaption></figure> <p>The datagraphic represents the 20 largest US defense contractors based on the amount of their defense revenue. Among these corporations, 53.5% of total revenues are derived from defense, and the median proportion is 63.4%; 6 firms derive over 75% of their revenue from defense. According to the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a> entries for the companies, the headquarters of 11 of these corporations are located in the <a href="/wiki/Washington_metropolitan_area" title="Washington metropolitan area">Washington metropolitan area</a>, of which 5 are in <a href="/wiki/Reston,_Virginia" title="Reston, Virginia">Reston, Virginia</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Similar_concepts">Similar concepts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Military%E2%80%93industrial_complex&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Similar concepts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Industrial_complex" title="Industrial complex">Industrial complex</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_industrial_complexes" class="mw-redirect" title="List of industrial complexes">List of industrial complexes</a></div> <p>A thesis similar to the military–industrial complex was originally expressed by <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Gu%C3%A9rin" title="Daniel Guérin">Daniel Guérin</a>, in his 1936 book <i>Fascism and Big Business</i>, about the <a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">fascist</a> government ties to heavy industry. It can be defined as, "an informal and changing coalition of groups with vested psychological, moral, and material interests in the continuous development and maintenance of high levels of weaponry, in preservation of colonial markets and in military-strategic conceptions of internal affairs."<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An exhibit of the trend was made in <a href="/wiki/Franz_Neumann_(political_scientist)" title="Franz Neumann (political scientist)">Franz Leopold Neumann</a>'s book <i><a href="/wiki/Behemoth:_The_Structure_and_Practice_of_National_Socialism" title="Behemoth: The Structure and Practice of National Socialism">Behemoth: The Structure and Practice of National Socialism</a></i> in 1942, a study of how Nazism came into a position of power in a democratic state. </p><p>Within decades of its inception, the idea of the military–industrial complex gave rise to the ideas of other similar <a href="/wiki/Industrial_complex" title="Industrial complex">industrial complexes</a>, including:<sup id="cite_ref-Best2011_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Best2011-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: ix–xxv">: ix–xxv </span></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animal%E2%80%93industrial_complex" title="Animal–industrial complex">Animal–industrial complex</a>;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prison%E2%80%93industrial_complex" title="Prison–industrial complex">Prison–industrial complex</a>;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharmaceutical_industry" title="Pharmaceutical industry">Pharmaceutical–industrial complex</a>;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entertainment#Industry" title="Entertainment">Entertainment-industrial complex</a>;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical%E2%80%93industrial_complex" title="Medical–industrial complex">Medical–industrial complex</a>;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperconsumerism" title="Hyperconsumerism">Corporate consumption complex</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Virtually all institutions in sectors ranging from agriculture, medicine, entertainment, and media, to education, criminal justice, security, and transportation, began reconceiving and reconstructing in accordance with capitalist, industrial, and bureaucratic models with the aim of realizing profit, growth, and other imperatives. According to <a href="/wiki/Steven_Best" title="Steven Best">Steven Best</a>, all these systems interrelate and reinforce one another.<sup id="cite_ref-Best2011_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Best2011-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The concept of the military–industrial complex has been also expanded to include the entertainment and creative industries as well. For an example in practice, Matthew Brummer describes Japan's Manga Military and how the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defense_(Japan)" title="Ministry of Defense (Japan)">Ministry of Defense</a> uses popular culture and the <a href="/wiki/Moe_(slang)" title="Moe (slang)">moe</a> that it engenders to shape domestic and international perceptions.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An alternative term to describe the interdependence between the military-industrial complex and the entertainment industry is coined by <a href="/wiki/James_Der_Derian" title="James Der Derian">James Der Derian</a> as "Military-Industrial-Media-Entertainment-Network<b>".</b><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ray_McGovern" title="Ray McGovern">Ray McGovern</a> extended this appellation to Military-Industrial-Congressional-Intelligence-Media-Academia-Think-Tank complex, MICIMATT.<sup id="cite_ref-consortium_news_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-consortium_news-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Military%E2%80%93industrial_complex&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem-money.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/28px-Emblem-money.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/42px-Emblem-money.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/56px-Emblem-money.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Economy" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Economy">Economy portal</a></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <dl><dt>Economics of national defense efforts</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_defense_contractors" title="List of defense contractors">List of defense contractors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_military_expenditures" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by military expenditures">List of countries by military expenditures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Top_100_Contractors_of_the_U.S._federal_government" title="Top 100 Contractors of the U.S. federal government">Top 100 Contractors of the U.S. federal government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_statism" title="Corporate statism">Corporate statism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erik_Prince" title="Erik Prince">Erik Prince</a> and <a href="/wiki/Blackwater_(company)" title="Blackwater (company)">Academi</a> (formerly Blackwater)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_contractor" title="Government contractor">Government contractor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marketing_of_war" title="Marketing of war">Marketing of war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Militarism" title="Militarism">Militarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_budget" title="Military budget">Military budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military-civil_fusion" title="Military-civil fusion">Military-civil fusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military-entertainment_complex" class="mw-redirect" title="Military-entertainment complex">Military-entertainment complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military%E2%80%93industrial%E2%80%93media_complex" title="Military–industrial–media complex">Military–industrial–media complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military-digital_complex" title="Military-digital complex">Military-digital complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Keynesianism" title="Military Keynesianism">Military Keynesianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_security#National_security_state" title="National security">National security state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_military_company" title="Private military company">Private military company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_for_the_New_American_Century" title="Project for the New American Century">Project for the New American Century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosoboronexport" title="Rosoboronexport">Rosoboronexport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upward_Spiral" title="Upward Spiral">Upward Spiral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_profiteering" title="War profiteering">War profiteering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaibatsu" title="Zaibatsu">Zaibatsu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gunbatsu" title="Gunbatsu">Gunbatsu</a></li></ul></div> <dl><dt>Literature and media</dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/War_Is_a_Racket" title="War Is a Racket">War Is a Racket</a></i> (1935 book by <a href="/wiki/Smedley_Butler" title="Smedley Butler">Smedley Butler</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Power_Elite" title="The Power Elite">The Power Elite</a> </i>(1956 book by <a href="/wiki/C._Wright_Mills" title="C. Wright Mills">C. Wright Mills</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Why_We_Fight_(2005_film)" title="Why We Fight (2005 film)">Why We Fight</a></i> (2005 documentary film by <a href="/wiki/Eugene_Jarecki" title="Eugene Jarecki">Eugene Jarecki</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/War_Made_Easy:_How_Presidents_%26_Pundits_Keep_Spinning_Us_to_Death" title="War Made Easy: How Presidents & Pundits Keep Spinning Us to Death">War Made Easy: How Presidents & Pundits Keep Spinning Us to Death</a></i> (2007 documentary film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Complex:_How_the_Military_Invades_Our_Everyday_Lives" title="The Complex: How the Military Invades Our Everyday Lives">The Complex: How the Military Invades Our Everyday Lives</a></i> (2008 book by <a href="/wiki/Nick_Turse" title="Nick Turse">Nick Turse</a>)</li></ul> <dl><dt>Other complexes or axes</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_industrial_complexes" class="mw-redirect" title="List of industrial complexes">List of industrial complexes</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Military%E2%80%93industrial_complex&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Military%E2%80%93industrial_complex&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160306085818/https://www.ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=military+industrial+complex&submit.x=0&submit.y=0">"military industrial complex"</a>. <i>American Heritage Dictionary</i>. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=military+industrial+complex&submit.x=0&submit.y=0">the original</a> on March 6, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 3,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Heritage+Dictionary&rft.atitle=military+industrial+complex&rft.date=2015&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ahdictionary.com%2Fword%2Fsearch.html%3Fq%3Dmilitary%2Bindustrial%2Bcomplex%26submit.x%3D0%26submit.y%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMilitary%E2%80%93industrial+complex" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160307123504/http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/us/definition/american_english/military-industrial-complex?q=military-industrial+complex">"definition of military-industrial complex (American English)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/OxfordDictionaries.com" class="mw-redirect" title="OxfordDictionaries.com">OxfordDictionaries.com</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/us/definition/american_english/military-industrial-complex?q=military-industrial+complex">the original</a> on March 7, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 3,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=OxfordDictionaries.com&rft.atitle=definition+of+military-industrial+complex+%28American+English%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxforddictionaries.com%2Fus%2Fdefinition%2Famerican_english%2Fmilitary-industrial-complex%3Fq%3Dmilitary-industrial%2Bcomplex&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMilitary%E2%80%93industrial+complex" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/military%20industrial%20complex">"Definition of Military–industrial complex"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster">Merriam-Webster</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 3,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Merriam-Webster&rft.atitle=Definition+of+Military%E2%80%93industrial+complex&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Fmilitary%2520industrial%2520complex&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMilitary%E2%80%93industrial+complex" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bacevich2009-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bacevich2009_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoland2009" class="citation book cs1">Roland, Alex (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NCWtAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA335">"The Military-Industrial Complex: lobby and trope"</a>. In Bacevich, Andrew J. (ed.). <i>The Long War: A New History of U.S. National Security Policy Since World War II</i>. Columbia University Press. pp. 335–370. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0231131599" title="Special:BookSources/978-0231131599"><bdi>978-0231131599</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Military-Industrial+Complex%3A+lobby+and+trope&rft.btitle=The+Long+War%3A+A+New+History+of+U.S.+National+Security+Policy+Since+World+War+II&rft.pages=335-370&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0231131599&rft.aulast=Roland&rft.aufirst=Alex&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNCWtAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA335&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMilitary%E2%80%93industrial+complex" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.militaryindustrialcomplex.com/what-is-the-military-industrial-complex.asp">"What is the Military-Industrial Complex?"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 5,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=What+is+the+Military-Industrial+Complex%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.militaryindustrialcomplex.com%2Fwhat-is-the-military-industrial-complex.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMilitary%E2%80%93industrial+complex" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-npr-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-npr_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2011/01/17/132942244/ikes-warning-of-military-expansion-50-years-later">"Ike's Warning Of Military Expansion, 50 Years Later"</a>. NPR. January 17, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 27,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Ike%27s+Warning+Of+Military+Expansion%2C+50+Years+Later&rft.date=2011-01-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2011%2F01%2F17%2F132942244%2Fikes-warning-of-military-expansion-50-years-later&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMilitary%E2%80%93industrial+complex" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a href="/wiki/Stockholm_International_Peace_Research_Institute" title="Stockholm International Peace Research Institute">SIPRI</a> Year Book 2008; Armaments, Disarmaments and International Security" <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a> 2008 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0199548958" title="Special:BookSources/978-0199548958">978-0199548958</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The Military–Industrial Complex; The Farewell Address of Presidente Eisenhower" Basements publications 2006 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0976642395" title="Special:BookSources/0976642395">0976642395</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Held1999-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Held1999_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeldMcGrewGoldblatt1999" class="citation book cs1">Held, David; McGrew, Anthony G.; Goldblatt, David (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VBXvvo4Vo-oC&pg=PA108">"The expanding reach of organized violence"</a>. In Perraton, Jonathan (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/globaltransforma0000unse/page/108"><i>Global Transformations: Politics, Economics and Culture</i></a>. Stanford University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/globaltransforma0000unse/page/108">108</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0804736275" title="Special:BookSources/978-0804736275"><bdi>978-0804736275</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+expanding+reach+of+organized+violence&rft.btitle=Global+Transformations%3A+Politics%2C+Economics+and+Culture&rft.pages=108&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0804736275&rft.aulast=Held&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=McGrew%2C+Anthony+G.&rft.au=Goldblatt%2C+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVBXvvo4Vo-oC%26pg%3DPA108&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMilitary%E2%80%93industrial+complex" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdamsD'OnofrioSokoloff1981" class="citation book cs1">Adams, Gordon; D'Onofrio, Christine; Sokoloff, Nancy (1981). <i>The iron triangle: the politics of defense contracting</i>. Studies / Council on Economic Priorities. 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October 12, 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R47751">https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R47751</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/video/?15026-1/president-dwight-eisenhower-farewell-address">"President Dwight Eisenhower Farewell Address"</a>. <i>C-Span</i>. 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"Eisenhower Versus the Spin-off Story: Did the Rise of the Military-Industrial Complex Hurt or Help America's Commercial Aircraft Industry?". <i>Enterprise and Society</i>. <b>12</b> (1): 46–95. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fes%2Fkhq134">10.1093/es/khq134</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1467-2227">1467-2227</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Enterprise+and+Society&rft.atitle=Eisenhower+Versus+the+Spin-off+Story%3A+Did+the+Rise+of+the+Military-Industrial+Complex+Hurt+or+Help+America%27s+Commercial+Aircraft+Industry%3F&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=46-95&rft.date=2011-01-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fes%2Fkhq134&rft.issn=1467-2227&rft.aulast=Gholz&rft.aufirst=E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMilitary%E2%80%93industrial+complex" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAssisTianLopes_da_SilvaLiang2023" class="citation journal cs1">Assis, Ana; Tian, Nan; Lopes da Silva, Diego; Liang, Xiao; Scarazzato, Lorenzo; Béraud-Sudreau, Lucie (April 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sipri.org/publications/2023/sipri-fact-sheets/trends-world-military-expenditure-2022">"Trends in World Military Expenditure, 2022"</a>. <i>Stockholm International Peace Research Institute</i>. Stockholm. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.55163%2Fpnvp2622">10.55163/pnvp2622</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Stockholm+International+Peace+Research+Institute&rft.atitle=Trends+in+World+Military+Expenditure%2C+2022&rft.date=2023-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.55163%2Fpnvp2622&rft.aulast=Assis&rft.aufirst=Ana&rft.au=Tian%2C+Nan&rft.au=Lopes+da+Silva%2C+Diego&rft.au=Liang%2C+Xiao&rft.au=Scarazzato%2C+Lorenzo&rft.au=B%C3%A9raud-Sudreau%2C+Lucie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sipri.org%2Fpublications%2F2023%2Fsipri-fact-sheets%2Ftrends-world-military-expenditure-2022&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMilitary%E2%80%93industrial+complex" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPlumer2013" class="citation cs2">Plumer, Brad (January 7, 2013), "America's staggering defense budget, in charts", <i>The Washington Post</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=America%27s+staggering+defense+budget%2C+in+charts&rft.date=2013-01-07&rft.aulast=Plumer&rft.aufirst=Brad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMilitary%E2%80%93industrial+complex" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gpoaccess.gov-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gpoaccess.gov_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gpoaccess.gov/usbudget/fy09/pdf/budget/defense.pdf">Gpoaccess.gov</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120107010807/http://www.gpoaccess.gov/usbudget/fy09/pdf/budget/defense.pdf">Archived</a> 2012-01-07 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobert_Higgs" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Higgs" title="Robert Higgs">Robert Higgs</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.independent.org/newsroom/article.asp?id=1941">"The Trillion-Dollar Defense Budget Is Already Here"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 15,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Trillion-Dollar+Defense+Budget+Is+Already+Here&rft.au=Robert+Higgs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.org%2Fnewsroom%2Farticle.asp%3Fid%3D1941&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMilitary%E2%80%93industrial+complex" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.axios.com/2023/12/23/biden-billions-defense-israel-ukraine-ndaa">"Biden signs record $886 billion defense bill into law"</a>. <i>Axios</i>. December 23, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Axios&rft.atitle=Biden+signs+record+%24886+billion+defense+bill+into+law&rft.date=2023-12-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.axios.com%2F2023%2F12%2F23%2Fbiden-billions-defense-israel-ukraine-ndaa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMilitary%E2%80%93industrial+complex" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.salon.com/2012/01/24/america_arms_dealer_to_the_world/">America, arms-dealer to the world</a>", <i><a href="/wiki/Salon_(website)" class="mw-redirect" title="Salon (website)">Salon</a>,</i> January 24, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJen_DiMascio" class="citation web cs1">Jen DiMascio. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0910/42733.html">"Defense goes all-in for incumbents - Jen DiMascio"</a>. <i>POLITICO</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=POLITICO&rft.atitle=Defense+goes+all-in+for+incumbents+-+Jen+DiMascio&rft.au=Jen+DiMascio&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fnews%2Fstories%2F0910%2F42733.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMilitary%E2%80%93industrial+complex" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://people.defensenews.com/top-100/">"Top 100 | Defense News, News about defense programs, business, and technology"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Top+100+%26%23124%3B+Defense+News%2C+News+about+defense+programs%2C+business%2C+and+technology&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpeople.defensenews.com%2Ftop-100%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMilitary%E2%80%93industrial+complex" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pursell, C. (1972). The military–industrial complex. Harper & Row Publishers, New York, New York.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Best2011-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Best2011_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Best2011_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteven_BestRichard_KahnAnthony_J._Nocella_IIPeter_McLaren2011" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Steven_Best" title="Steven Best">Steven Best</a>; Richard Kahn; Anthony J. Nocella II; <a href="/wiki/Peter_McLaren" title="Peter McLaren">Peter McLaren</a>, eds. (2011). "Introduction: Pathologies of Power and the Rise of the Global Industrial Complex". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rowman.com/ISBN/9780739136973/The-Global-Industrial-Complex-Systems-of-Domination"><i>The Global Industrial Complex: Systems of Domination</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Rowman_%26_Littlefield" title="Rowman & Littlefield">Rowman & Littlefield</a>. p. xvi. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0739136980" title="Special:BookSources/978-0739136980"><bdi>978-0739136980</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Introduction%3A+Pathologies+of+Power+and+the+Rise+of+the+Global+Industrial+Complex&rft.btitle=The+Global+Industrial+Complex%3A+Systems+of+Domination&rft.pages=xvi&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0739136980&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frowman.com%2FISBN%2F9780739136973%2FThe-Global-Industrial-Complex-Systems-of-Domination&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMilitary%E2%80%93industrial+complex" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNicholas_Freudenberg2014" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Freudenberg" title="Nicholas Freudenberg">Nicholas Freudenberg</a> (2014). <i>Lethal But Legal: Corporations, Consumption, and Protecting Public Health</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. pp. 95–123. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780190495374" title="Special:BookSources/9780190495374"><bdi>9780190495374</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lethal+But+Legal%3A+Corporations%2C+Consumption%2C+and+Protecting+Public+Health&rft.pages=95-123&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9780190495374&rft.au=Nicholas+Freudenberg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMilitary%E2%80%93industrial+complex" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrummer2016" class="citation web cs1">Brummer, Matthew (January 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thediplomat.com/2016/01/japans-creative-industrial-complex/">"Japan: The Manga Military"</a>. <i>The Diplomat</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 22,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Diplomat&rft.atitle=Japan%3A+The+Manga+Military&rft.date=2016-01&rft.aulast=Brummer&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthediplomat.com%2F2016%2F01%2Fjapans-creative-industrial-complex%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMilitary%E2%80%93industrial+complex" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.routledge.com/Virtuous-War-Mapping-the-Military-Industrial-Media-Entertainment-Network/Derian/p/book/9780415772396">"Virtuous War: Mapping the Military-Industrial-Media-Entertainment-Network"</a>. <i>Routledge & CRC Press</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 12,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Routledge+%26+CRC+Press&rft.atitle=Virtuous+War%3A+Mapping+the+Military-Industrial-Media-Entertainment-Network&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.routledge.com%2FVirtuous-War-Mapping-the-Military-Industrial-Media-Entertainment-Network%2FDerian%2Fp%2Fbook%2F9780415772396&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMilitary%E2%80%93industrial+complex" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-consortium_news-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-consortium_news_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://consortiumnews.com/2020/05/08/ray-mcgovern-once-we-were-allies-then-came-micimatt/">"Once We Were Allies; Then Came MICIMATT"</a>. consortium news. May 8, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 9,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Once+We+Were+Allies%3B+Then+Came+MICIMATT&rft.date=2020-05-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fconsortiumnews.com%2F2020%2F05%2F08%2Fray-mcgovern-once-we-were-allies-then-came-micimatt%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMilitary%E2%80%93industrial+complex" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Military%E2%80%93industrial_complex&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 40em"> <ul><li>DeGroot, Gerard J. <i>Blighty: British Society in the Era of the Great War</i>, 144, London & New York: Longman, 1996, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0582061385" title="Special:BookSources/0582061385">0582061385</a></li> <li>Eisenhower, Dwight D. <i>Public Papers of the Presidents</i>, 1035–1040. 1960.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="Please supply an ISBN for this book.">ISBN missing</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>Eisenhower, Dwight D. "Farewell Address." In <i>The Annals of America</i>. Vol. 18. <i>1961–1968: The Burdens of World Power</i>, 1–5. Chicago: <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>, 1968.</li> <li>Eisenhower, Dwight D. <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Military%E2%80%93Industrial_Complex_Speech" class="extiw" title="s:Military–Industrial Complex Speech">President Eisenhower's Farewell Address<i></i></a>, Wikisource.</li> <li>Hartung, William D. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050910101525/http://www.worldpolicy.org/journal/hartung01.html">"Eisenhower's Warning: The Military–Industrial Complex Forty Years Later."</a> <i>World Policy Journal</i> 18, no. 1 (Spring 2001).</li> <li>Johnson, Chalmers <i>The Sorrows of Empire: Militarism, Secrecy, and the End of the Republic</i>, New York: Metropolitan Books, 2004<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="Please supply an ISBN for this book.">ISBN missing</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>Kurth, James. "Military–Industrial Complex." In <i>The Oxford Companion to American Military History</i>, ed. John Whiteclay Chambers II, 440–442. Oxford: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>, 1999.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="Please supply an ISBN for this book.">ISBN missing</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>Mills, C. Wright."Power Elite", New York, 1956<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="Please supply an ISBN for this book.">ISBN missing</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>Nelson, Lars-Erik. "Military–Industrial Man." In <i>New York Review of Books</i> 47, no. 20 (December 21, 2000): 6.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_L._Nieburg" title="Harold L. Nieburg">Nieburg, H. L.</a> <i><a href="/wiki/In_the_Name_of_Science" title="In the Name of Science">In the Name of Science</a></i>, Quadrangle Books, 1970<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="Please supply an ISBN for this book.">ISBN missing</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Military%E2%80%93industrial_complex&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li>Adams, Gordon, <i>The Iron Triangle: The Politics of Defense Contracting</i>, 1981.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="Please supply an ISBN for this book.">ISBN missing</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlic2021" class="citation journal cs1">Alic, John A. (2021). "The U.S. Politico–Military–Industrial Complex". <i>Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics</i>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Facrefore%2F9780190228637.013.1870">10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.1870</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oxford+Research+Encyclopedia+of+Politics&rft.atitle=The+U.S.+Politico%E2%80%93Military%E2%80%93Industrial+Complex&rft.date=2021&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Facrefore%2F9780190228637.013.1870&rft.aulast=Alic&rft.aufirst=John+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMilitary%E2%80%93industrial+complex" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Andreas, Joel, <i>Addicted to War: Why the U.S. Can't Kick Militarism</i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1904859011" title="Special:BookSources/1904859011">1904859011</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFByrne2017" class="citation book cs1">Byrne, Edmund F. (2017). "Military Industrial Complex (MIC)". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-3-319-23514-1_209-1#citeas"><i>Encyclopedia of Business and Professional Ethics</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Springer_International_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Springer International Publishing">Springer International Publishing</a>. pp. 1–5. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-319-23514-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-319-23514-1"><bdi>978-3-319-23514-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Military+Industrial+Complex+%28MIC%29&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Business+and+Professional+Ethics&rft.pages=1-5&rft.pub=Springer+International+Publishing&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-3-319-23514-1&rft.aulast=Byrne&rft.aufirst=Edmund+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Freferenceworkentry%2F10.1007%2F978-3-319-23514-1_209-1%23citeas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMilitary%E2%80%93industrial+complex" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Cochran, Thomas B., William M. Arkin, Robert S. Norris, Milton M. Hoenig, <i>U.S. Nuclear Warhead Production</i> <a href="/wiki/Harper_and_Row" class="mw-redirect" title="Harper and Row">Harper and Row</a>, 1987, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0887301258" title="Special:BookSources/0887301258">0887301258</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Cockburn" title="Andrew Cockburn">Cockburn, Andrew</a>, "The Military-Industrial Virus: How bloated budgets gut our defenses", <i><a href="/wiki/Harper%27s_Magazine" title="Harper's Magazine">Harper's Magazine</a></i>, vol. 338, no. 2029 (June 2019), pp. 61–67. "The military-industrial complex could be said to be concerned, exclusively, with self-preservation and expansion.... The <a href="/wiki/Defense_budget" class="mw-redirect" title="Defense budget">defense budget</a> is not propelled by foreign wars. The wars are a consequence of the quest for bigger budgets."</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Cockburn" title="Andrew Cockburn">Cockburn, Andrew</a>, "Why America Goes to War: Money drives the US military machine", <i><a href="/wiki/The_Nation" title="The Nation">The Nation</a></i>, vol. 313, no. 6 (20–27 September 2021), pp. 24–27.</li> <li>Colby, Gerard, <i>DuPont Dynasty</i>, New York, Lyle Stuart, 1984.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="Please supply an ISBN for this book.">ISBN missing</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>Friedman, George and Meredith, <i>The Future of War: Power, Technology and American World Dominance in the 21st Century</i>, Crown, 1996, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/051770403X" title="Special:BookSources/051770403X">051770403X</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGood,_Aaron2022" class="citation book cs1">Good, Aaron (2022). <i>American Exception: Empire and the Deep State</i>. New York: Skyhorse Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1510769137" title="Special:BookSources/978-1510769137"><bdi>978-1510769137</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+Exception%3A+Empire+and+the+Deep+State&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Skyhorse+Publishing&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-1510769137&rft.au=Good%2C+Aaron&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMilitary%E2%80%93industrial+complex" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHooks2008" class="citation journal cs1">Hooks, Gregory (2008). "Military–Industrial Complex, Organization and History". <i>Encyclopedia of Violence, Peace, & Conflict (Second Edition)</i>: 1278–1286. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FB978-012373985-8.00109-4">10.1016/B978-012373985-8.00109-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+of+Violence%2C+Peace%2C+%26+Conflict+%28Second+Edition%29&rft.atitle=Military%E2%80%93Industrial+Complex%2C+Organization+and+History&rft.pages=1278-1286&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FB978-012373985-8.00109-4&rft.aulast=Hooks&rft.aufirst=Gregory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMilitary%E2%80%93industrial+complex" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Hossein-Zadeh, Ismael, <i>The Political Economy of US Militarism.</i> New York: Palgrave MacMillan, 2006.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="Please supply an ISBN for this book.">ISBN missing</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>Keller, William W., <i>Arm in Arm: The Political Economy of the Global Arms Trade.</i> New York: Basic Books, 1995.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="Please supply an ISBN for this book.">ISBN missing</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>Kelly, Brian, <i>Adventures in Porkland: How Washington Wastes Your Money and Why They Won't Stop</i>, Villard, 1992, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0679406565" title="Special:BookSources/0679406565">0679406565</a></li> <li>Lassman, Thomas C. "Putting the Military Back into the History of the Military-Industrial Complex: The Management of Technological Innovation in the U.S. Army, 1945–1960", <i>Isis</i> (2015) 106#1 pp. 94–120 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/681038">in JSTOR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessica_T._Mathews" class="mw-redirect" title="Jessica T. Mathews">Mathews, Jessica T.</a>, "America's Indefensible Defense Budget", <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Review_of_Books" title="The New York Review of Books">The New York Review of Books</a></i>, vol. LXVI, no. 12 (18 July 2019), pp. 23–24. "For many years, the United States has increasingly relied on military strength to achieve its foreign policy aims.... We are [...] allocating too large a portion of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_federal_budget" title="United States federal budget">federal budget</a> to defense as compared to domestic needs [...] accumulating too much <a href="/wiki/Federal_debt" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal debt">federal debt</a>, and yet not acquiring a forward-looking, twenty-first-century military built around new <a href="/wiki/Cyberwarfare" title="Cyberwarfare">cyber</a> and <a href="/wiki/Space_technologies" class="mw-redirect" title="Space technologies">space technologies</a>." (p. 24.)</li> <li>McCartney, James and Molly Sinclair McCartney, <i>America's War Machine: Vested Interests, Endless Conflict</i>s. New York: Thomas Dunne Books, 2015.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="Please supply an ISBN for this book.">ISBN missing</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>McDougall, Walter A., <i>...The Heavens and the Earth: A Political History of the Space Age</i>, Basic Books, 1985, (<a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize" title="Pulitzer Prize">Pulitzer Prize</a> for History) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0801857481" title="Special:BookSources/0801857481">0801857481</a></li> <li>Melman, Seymour, <i>Pentagon Capitalism: The Political Economy of War</i>, McGraw Hill, 1970<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="Please supply an ISBN for this book.">ISBN missing</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>Melman, Seymour, (ed.) <i>The War Economy of the United States: Readings in Military Industry and Economy</i>, New York: <a href="/wiki/St._Martin%27s_Press" title="St. Martin's Press">St. Martin's Press</a>, 1971.</li> <li>Mills, C Wright, <i>The Power Elite.</i> New York, 1956.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="Please supply an ISBN for this book.">ISBN missing</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>Mollenhoff, Clark R., <i>The Pentagon: Politics, Profits and Plunder.</i> New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1967<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="Please supply an ISBN for this book.">ISBN missing</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>Patterson, Walter C., <i>The Plutonium Business and the Spread of the Bomb</i>, Sierra Club, 1984, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0871568373" title="Special:BookSources/0871568373">0871568373</a></li> <li>Pasztor, Andy, <i>When the Pentagon Was for Sale: Inside America's Biggest Defense Scandal</i>, Scribner, 1995, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/068419516X" title="Special:BookSources/068419516X">068419516X</a></li> <li>Pierre, Andrew J., <i>The <a href="/wiki/Global_politics" title="Global politics">Global Politics</a> of Arms Sales.</i> Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1982.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPreble2008" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Preble, Christoper (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sk.sagepub.com/reference/libertarianism/n201.xml">"Military-Industrial Complex"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Hamowy" title="Ronald Hamowy">Hamowy, Ronald</a> (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yxNgXs3TkJYC"><i>The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism</i></a>. Thousand Oaks, CA: <a href="/wiki/SAGE_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="SAGE Publishing">Sage</a>; <a href="/wiki/Cato_Institute" title="Cato Institute">Cato Institute</a>. pp. 328–329. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1412965804" title="Special:BookSources/978-1412965804"><bdi>978-1412965804</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Military-Industrial+Complex&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Libertarianism&rft.place=Thousand+Oaks%2C+CA&rft.pages=328-329&rft.pub=Sage%3B+Cato+Institute&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1412965804&rft.aulast=Preble&rft.aufirst=Christoper&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsk.sagepub.com%2Freference%2Flibertarianism%2Fn201.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMilitary%E2%80%93industrial+complex" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoland2021" class="citation book cs1">Roland, Alex (2021). <i>Delta of Power: The Military-Industrial Complex</i>. Baltimore: <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University_Press" title="Johns Hopkins University Press">Johns Hopkins University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781421441818" title="Special:BookSources/9781421441818"><bdi>9781421441818</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Delta+of+Power%3A+The+Military-Industrial+Complex&rft.place=Baltimore&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=9781421441818&rft.aulast=Roland&rft.aufirst=Alex&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMilitary%E2%80%93industrial+complex" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRitterMcLauchlan2008" class="citation journal cs1">Ritter, Daniel P.; McLauchlan, Gregory (2008). "Military–Industrial Complex, Contemporary Significance". <i>Encyclopedia of Violence, Peace, & Conflict (Second Edition)</i>: 1266–1278. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FB978-012373985-8.00104-5">10.1016/B978-012373985-8.00104-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+of+Violence%2C+Peace%2C+%26+Conflict+%28Second+Edition%29&rft.atitle=Military%E2%80%93Industrial+Complex%2C+Contemporary+Significance&rft.pages=1266-1278&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FB978-012373985-8.00104-5&rft.aulast=Ritter&rft.aufirst=Daniel+P.&rft.au=McLauchlan%2C+Gregory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMilitary%E2%80%93industrial+complex" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Sampson, Anthony, <i>The Arms Bazaar: From Lebanon to Lockheed.</i> New York: Bantam Books, 1977.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="Please supply an ISBN for this book.">ISBN missing</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>St. Clair, Jeffery, <i>Grand Theft Pentagon: Tales of Corruption and Profiteering in the War on Terror.</i> Common Courage Press, 2005.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="Please supply an ISBN for this book.">ISBN missing</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>Sweetman, Bill, "In search of the Pentagon's billion dollar hidden budgets – how the US keeps its R&D spending under wraps", from <i><a href="/wiki/Jane%27s_Defence_Weekly" title="Jane's Defence Weekly">Jane's International Defence Review</a></i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.janes.com/defence/news/jidr/jidr000105_01_n.shtml">online</a></li> <li>Thorpe, Rebecca U. <i>The American Warfare State: The Domestic Politics of Military Spending.</i> Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2014.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="Please supply an ISBN for this book.">ISBN missing</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>Watry, David M., <i>Diplomacy at the Brink, Eisenhower, Churchill, and Eden in the Cold War</i>, Baton Rouge, Louisiana State University Press, 2014.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="Please supply an ISBN for this book.">ISBN missing</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharon_Weinberger" title="Sharon Weinberger">Weinberger, Sharon</a>, <i>Imaginary Weapons</i>, New York: Nation Books, 2006.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="Please supply an ISBN for this book.">ISBN missing</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Military%E2%80%93industrial_complex&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Military%E2%80%93industrial_complex" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Military–industrial complex">Military–industrial complex</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_1" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Eisenhower%27s_%22Military-Industrial_Complex%22_Speech_Origins_and_Significance.webm/200px--Eisenhower%27s_%22Military-Industrial_Complex%22_Speech_Origins_and_Significance.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="200" height="150" data-durationhint="197" data-mwtitle="Eisenhower's_"Military-Industrial_Complex"_Speech_Origins_and_Significance.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Eisenhower%27s_%22Military-Industrial_Complex%22_Speech_Origins_and_Significance.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f7/Eisenhower%27s_%22Military-Industrial_Complex%22_Speech_Origins_and_Significance.webm/Eisenhower%27s_%22Military-Industrial_Complex%22_Speech_Origins_and_Significance.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/Eisenhower%27s_%22Military-Industrial_Complex%22_Speech_Origins_and_Significance.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-width="640" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f7/Eisenhower%27s_%22Military-Industrial_Complex%22_Speech_Origins_and_Significance.webm/Eisenhower%27s_%22Military-Industrial_Complex%22_Speech_Origins_and_Significance.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="192" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f7/Eisenhower%27s_%22Military-Industrial_Complex%22_Speech_Origins_and_Significance.webm/Eisenhower%27s_%22Military-Industrial_Complex%22_Speech_Origins_and_Significance.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f7/Eisenhower%27s_%22Military-Industrial_Complex%22_Speech_Origins_and_Significance.webm/Eisenhower%27s_%22Military-Industrial_Complex%22_Speech_Origins_and_Significance.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="480" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f7/Eisenhower%27s_%22Military-Industrial_Complex%22_Speech_Origins_and_Significance.webm/Eisenhower%27s_%22Military-Industrial_Complex%22_Speech_Origins_and_Significance.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="480" data-height="360" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AEisenhower%27s_%22Military-Industrial_Complex%22_Speech_Origins_and_Significance.webm&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></video></span><figcaption>From the National Archives</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/business/2011/12/03/khaki-capitalism?fsrc=scn%2Ffb%2Fwl%2Far%2Fkhakicapitalism">Khaki capitalism</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a></i>, December 3, 2011</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.MilitaryIndustrialComplex.com/">Militaryindustrialcomplex.com</a>, Features running daily, weekly and monthly defense spending totals plus Contract Archives section.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/587620?seq=1">C. Wright Mills, Structure of Power in American Society, British Journal of Sociology, Vol. 9. No. 1 1958</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.panarchy.org/eisenhower/farewelladdress.html">Dwight David Eisenhower, Farewell Address</a> On the military–industrial complex and the government–universities collusion – January 17, 1961</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://americanrhetoric.com/speeches/dwightdeisenhowerfarewell.html">Dwight D. Eisenhower, Farewell Address</a> As delivered transcript and complete audio from AmericanRhetoric.com</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.panarchy.org/statism/military.complex.html">William McGaffin and Erwin Knoll, The military–industrial complex</a>, An analysis of the phenomenon written in 1969</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=907187">The Cost of War & Today's Military Industrial Complex</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Public_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="National Public Radio">National Public Radio</a>, January 8, 2003.</li> <li>Human Rights First; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100508152055/http://www.humanrightsfirst.info/pdf/08115-usls-psc-final.pdf">Private Security Contractors at War: Ending the Culture of Impunity (2008)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.democracynow.org/2011/1/20/fifty_years_after_eisenhowers_farewell_address">Fifty Years After Eisenhower's Farewell Address, A Look at the Military–Industrial Complex</a> – video report by <i><a href="/wiki/Democracy_Now!" title="Democracy Now!">Democracy Now!</a></i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eisenhowerlibrary.gov/research/online-documents/farewell-address">Online documents, Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LhJbjdIXJWY">50th Anniversary of Eisenhower's Farewell Address</a> – <a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Eisenhower Institute">Eisenhower Institute</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gNL2StZNjmM">Part 1 – Anniversary Discussion of Eisenhower's Farewell Address</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gettysburg_College" title="Gettysburg College">Gettysburg College</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l46uaYk-OpA">Part 2 – Anniversary Discussion of Eisenhower's Farewell Address</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gettysburg_College" title="Gettysburg College">Gettysburg College</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Dwight_D._Eisenhower" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Template:Dwight D. Eisenhower"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Template talk:Dwight D. Eisenhower"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Dwight D. Eisenhower"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Dwight_D._Eisenhower" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of presidents of the United States">34th</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> (1953–1961)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Allied_Commander_Europe" title="Supreme Allied Commander Europe">Supreme Allied Commander Europe</a> (1951–1952)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Army" title="Chief of Staff of the United States Army">Chief of Staff of the Army</a> (1945–1948)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Headquarters_Allied_Expeditionary_Force#Commander_and_senior_staff" title="Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force">Commander, Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force</a> (1943–1945)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Military_career_of_Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Military career of Dwight D. Eisenhower">Military<br />career</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_career_of_Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Military career of Dwight D. Eisenhower">Military career</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1919_Motor_Transport_Corps_convoy" title="1919 Motor Transport Corps convoy">1919 Motor Transport Corps convoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Maneuvers" title="Louisiana Maneuvers">Louisiana Maneuvers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Torch" title="Operation Torch">Operation Torch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Theater_of_Operations_United_States_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="European Theater of Operations United States Army">European Theater of Operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_invasion_of_Sicily" title="Allied invasion of Sicily">Allied invasion of Sicily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_Cassibile" title="Armistice of Cassibile">Armistice of Cassibile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_6,_1944,_order_of_the_day" title="June 6, 1944, order of the day">June 6, 1944, order of the day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_of_Western_Europe_speech" title="People of Western Europe speech">People of Western Europe speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Normandy_landings" title="Normandy landings">Normandy landings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Veritable" title="Operation Veritable">Operation Veritable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_Declaration_(1945)" title="Berlin Declaration (1945)">Berlin Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied-occupied_Germany" title="Allied-occupied Germany">Military Governor, U.S. Occupation Zone in Germany</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disarmed_Enemy_Forces" title="Disarmed Enemy Forces">Disarmed Enemy Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Advisory_Commission" title="European Advisory Commission">European Advisory Commission</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Allied_Commander_Europe" title="Supreme Allied Commander Europe">Supreme Commander of NATO, 1951-1952</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower">Presidency</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Dwight_D._Eisenhower_presidency" title="Timeline of the Dwight D. Eisenhower presidency">timeline</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Presidential transition of Dwight D. Eisenhower">Transition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="First inauguration of Dwight D. Eisenhower">1953 inauguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Second inauguration of Dwight D. Eisenhower">1957 inauguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_the_Union" title="State of the Union">State of the Union Address</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_1953_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="February 1953 State of the Union Address">1953</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1954 State of the Union Address">1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1955_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1955 State of the Union Address">1955</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1956 State of the Union Address">1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1957_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1957 State of the Union Address">1957</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1958_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1958 State of the Union Address">1958</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1959_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1959 State of the Union Address">1959</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1960 State of the Union Address">1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_12,_1961_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="January 12, 1961 State of the Union Address">1961</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Dwight_D._Eisenhower#Administration_and_Cabinet" title="Presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="List of federal judges appointed by Dwight D. Eisenhower">Judicial appointments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower_Supreme_Court_candidates" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower Supreme Court candidates">Supreme Court</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower%27s_farewell_address" class="mw-redirect" title="Eisenhower's farewell address">Farewell address</a> <ul><li>"<a class="mw-selflink selflink">Military–industrial complex</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Presidential transition of John F. Kennedy">Kennedy transition</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Dwight_David_Eisenhower/Executive_Orders" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Author:Dwight David Eisenhower/Executive Orders">Executive Orders</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Dwight_David_Eisenhower/Presidential_Proclamations" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Author:Dwight David Eisenhower/Presidential Proclamations">Presidential Proclamations</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Dwight_D._Eisenhower_administration" title="Foreign policy of the Dwight D. Eisenhower administration">Foreign policy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_Doctrine" title="Eisenhower Doctrine">Eisenhower Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a> <ul><li>1953; <a href="/wiki/Korean_Armistice_Agreement" title="Korean Armistice Agreement">Korean Armistice Agreement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1953_Iranian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1953 Iranian coup d'état">1953 Iranian coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chance_for_Peace_speech" title="Chance for Peace speech">"Chance for Peace" speech</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_War_(1953%E2%80%931962)" title="Cold War (1953–1962)">Cold War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Domino_theory" title="Domino theory">Domino theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_War#Crisis_and_escalation_(1953–62)" title="Cold War">Khrushchev, Eisenhower and De-Stalinization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Look_(policy)" title="New Look (policy)">New Look policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geneva_Summit_(1955)" title="Geneva Summit (1955)">1955 Geneva Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_U-2_incident" title="1960 U-2 incident">1960 U-2 incident</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atomic_Energy_Act_of_1954" title="Atomic Energy Act of 1954">Atomic Energy Act of 1954</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atoms_for_Peace" title="Atoms for Peace">Atoms for Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restricted_Data" title="Restricted Data">Restricted Data</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_Trade_Development_and_Assistance_Act_of_1954" title="Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954">Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Food_for_Peace" title="Food for Peace">Food for Peace</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suez_Crisis" title="Suez Crisis">Suez Crisis</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DARPA" title="DARPA">DARPA</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/EURATOM_Cooperation_Act_of_1958" title="EURATOM Cooperation Act of 1958">EURATOM Cooperation Act of 1958</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Aeronautics_and_Space_Act" title="National Aeronautics and Space Act">National Aeronautics and Space Act</a> <ul><li>1958; <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_40" title="Operation 40">Operation 40</a> (1960)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Domestic policy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_10479" title="Executive Order 10479">Executive Order 10479</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outer_Continental_Shelf" title="Outer Continental Shelf">Outer Continental Shelf Act</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refugee_Relief_Act" title="Refugee Relief Act">Refugee Relief Act</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submerged_Lands_Act" title="Submerged Lands Act">Submerged Lands Act</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services" title="United States Department of Health and Human Services">U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_Act_of_1954" title="Agricultural Act of 1954">Agricultural Act of 1954</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Wool_Act_of_1954" title="National Wool Act of 1954">National Wool Act of 1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Milk_Program" title="Special Milk Program">Special Milk Program</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Excise_Tax_Reduction_Act_of_1954" title="Excise Tax Reduction Act of 1954">Excise Tax Reduction Act of 1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internal_Revenue_Code" title="Internal Revenue Code">Internal Revenue Code of 1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watershed_Protection_and_Flood_Prevention_Act_of_1954" title="Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act of 1954">Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act of 1954</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Small_Watershed_Program" title="Small Watershed Program">Small Watershed Program</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Pollution_Control_Act_of_1955" title="Air Pollution Control Act of 1955">Air Pollution Control Act of 1955</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_Act_of_1956" title="Agricultural Act of 1956">Agricultural Act of 1956</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soil_Bank_Act" title="Soil Bank Act">Soil Bank Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soil_Bank_Program" title="Soil Bank Program">Soil Bank Program</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Voting_Assistance_Program" title="Federal Voting Assistance Program">Federal Voting Assistance Program</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_Holding_Company_Act" title="Bank Holding Company Act">Bank Holding Company Act</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal-Aid_Highway_Act_of_1956" title="Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956">Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_Highway_System" title="Interstate Highway System">Interstate Highway System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highway_Trust_Fund" title="Highway Trust Fund">Highway Trust Fund</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_and_Wildlife_Act" title="Fish and Wildlife Act">Fish and Wildlife Act</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_to_People_Student_Ambassador_Program" title="People to People Student Ambassador Program">People to People Student Ambassador Program</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/President%27s_Council_on_Fitness,_Sports_and_Nutrition" class="mw-redirect" title="President's Council on Fitness, Sports and Nutrition">President's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1957" title="Civil Rights Act of 1957">Civil Rights Act of 1957</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Commission_on_Civil_Rights" title="United States Commission on Civil Rights">U.S. Commission on Civil Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice_Civil_Rights_Division" title="United States Department of Justice Civil Rights Division">U.S. Department of Justice Civil Rights Division</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Plant_Pest_Act_of_1957" title="Federal Plant Pest Act of 1957">Federal Plant Pest Act of 1957</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Rock_Nine" title="Little Rock Nine">Little Rock Nine intervention</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Price%E2%80%93Anderson_Nuclear_Industries_Indemnity_Act" title="Price–Anderson Nuclear Industries Indemnity Act">Price–Anderson Nuclear Industries Indemnity Act</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaska_Statehood_Act" title="Alaska Statehood Act">Alaska Statehood Act</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humane_Slaughter_Act" title="Humane Slaughter Act">Humane Slaughter Act</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Defense_Education_Act" title="National Defense Education Act">National Defense Education Act</a> <ul><li>1958; <a href="/wiki/Federal_Perkins_Loan" title="Federal Perkins Loan">Federal Perkins Loan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Student_loans_in_the_United_States" title="Student loans in the United States">Student loans in the United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaii_Admission_Act" title="Hawaii Admission Act">Hawaii Admission Act</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiple-Use_Sustained-Yield_Act_of_1960" title="Multiple-Use Sustained-Yield Act of 1960">Multiple-Use Sustained-Yield Act of 1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1960" title="Civil Rights Act of 1960">Civil Rights Act of 1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikes_Act" title="Sikes Act">Sikes Act</a> (1960)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crusade_in_Europe" title="Crusade in Europe"><i>Crusade in Europe</i> (1948)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Draft_Eisenhower_movement" title="Draft Eisenhower movement">Draft Eisenhower movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1948 Republican Party presidential primaries">Republican Party presidential primaries (1948</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1952 Republican Party presidential primaries">1952</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1956 Republican Party presidential primaries">1956)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_Republican_National_Convention" title="1952 Republican National Convention">Republican National Convention (1952</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Republican_National_Convention" title="1956 Republican National Convention">1956)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_United_States_presidential_election" title="1952 United States presidential election">United States Presidential election (1952</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_United_States_presidential_election" title="1956 United States presidential election">1956)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Bibliography of Dwight D. Eisenhower">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_Birthplace_State_Historic_Site" title="Eisenhower Birthplace State Historic Site">Birthplace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower_Presidential_Library,_Museum_and_Boyhood_Home" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library, Museum and Boyhood Home">Eisenhower Presidential Library, Museum, gravesite</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_Home" title="Eisenhower Home">Boyhood home</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_National_Historic_Site" title="Eisenhower National Historic Site">Eisenhower National Historic Site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower_Memorial" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower Memorial">Dwight D. Eisenhower Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_Executive_Office_Building" title="Eisenhower Executive Office Building">Eisenhower Executive Office Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wichita_Dwight_D._Eisenhower_National_Airport" title="Wichita Dwight D. Eisenhower National Airport">Wichita Dwight D. Eisenhower National Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_Fellowships" title="Eisenhower Fellowships">Eisenhower Fellowships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Eisenhower Institute">Eisenhower Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_Monument" title="Eisenhower Monument">Eisenhower Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_dollar" title="Eisenhower dollar">Eisenhower dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_Centennial_silver_dollar" title="Eisenhower Centennial silver dollar">Eisenhower Centennial silver dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidents_of_the_United_States_on_U.S._postage_stamps#Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Presidents of the United States on U.S. postage stamps">U.S. Postage stamps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower_Army_Medical_Center" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower Army Medical Center">Dwight D. Eisenhower Army Medical Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_Medical_Center" title="Eisenhower Medical Center">Eisenhower Medical Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_Trophy" title="Eisenhower Trophy">Eisenhower Trophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_Golf_Club" title="Eisenhower Golf Club">Eisenhower Golf Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_Center_for_the_Performing_Arts#Eisenhower_Theater" title="John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts">Eisenhower Theater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Dwight_D._Eisenhower_(U.S._Capitol)" title="Statue of Dwight D. Eisenhower (U.S. Capitol)">Statue of Dwight D. Eisenhower (U.S. Capitol)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Eisenhower" title="Fort Eisenhower">Fort Eisenhower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Eisenhower" title="Mount Eisenhower">Mount Eisenhower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_named_for_Dwight_D._Eisenhower" class="mw-redirect" title="List of places named for Dwight D. Eisenhower">Places named for Eisenhower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower#Tributes_and_memorials" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Other tributes and memorials</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Popular<br />culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_jacket" title="Eisenhower jacket">Eisenhower jacket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_Tree" title="Eisenhower Tree">Eisenhower Tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusade_in_Europe#TV_series" title="Crusade in Europe"><i>Crusade in Europe</i> (1949 television series)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backstairs_at_the_White_House" title="Backstairs at the White House"><i>Backstairs at the White House</i> (1979 miniseries)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ike_(miniseries)" title="Ike (miniseries)"><i>Ike</i> (1979 miniseries)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ike:_Countdown_to_D-Day" title="Ike: Countdown to D-Day"><i>Ike: Countdown to D-Day</i> (2004 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pressure_(play)" title="Pressure (play)"><i>Pressure</i> (2014 play)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Family_of_Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Family of Dwight D. Eisenhower">Family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mamie_Eisenhower" title="Mamie Eisenhower"> Mary "Mamie" Geneva Doud Eisenhower</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Eisenhower" title="John Eisenhower">John Eisenhower</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Eisenhower" title="David Eisenhower">David Eisenhower</a> (grandson)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Eisenhower" title="Anne Eisenhower">Anne Eisenhower</a> (granddaughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Eisenhower" title="Susan Eisenhower">Susan Eisenhower</a> (granddaughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Jean_Eisenhower" title="Mary Jean Eisenhower">Mary Jean Eisenhower</a> (granddaughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jennie_Eisenhower" title="Jennie Eisenhower">Jennie Eisenhower</a> (great-granddaughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ida_Stover_Eisenhower" title="Ida Stover Eisenhower">Ida Stover Eisenhower</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Eisenhower" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur Eisenhower">Arthur Eisenhower</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_N._Eisenhower" title="Edgar N. Eisenhower">Edgar N. Eisenhower</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Eisenhower" class="mw-redirect" title="Roy Eisenhower">Roy Eisenhower</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_D._Eisenhower" title="Earl D. Eisenhower">Earl D. Eisenhower</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton_S._Eisenhower" title="Milton S. Eisenhower">Milton S. Eisenhower</a> (brother)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_baseball_controversy" title="Eisenhower baseball controversy">Eisenhower baseball controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_David" title="Camp David">Camp David</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/And_I_don%27t_care_what_it_is" title="And I don't care what it is">And I don't care what it is</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atoms_for_Peace_Award" title="Atoms for Peace Award">Atoms for Peace Award</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Introduction_to_Outer_Space" title="Introduction to Outer Space">Introduction to Outer Space</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Slovik" title="Eddie Slovik">Eddie Slovik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kay_Summersby" title="Kay Summersby">Kay Summersby</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">← Harry S. Truman</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy →</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Category:Dwight D. Eisenhower">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744593#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744593#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744593#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4134127-2">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh88001569">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119804896">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119804896">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007534458005171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10640924">NARA</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Military–industrial_complex&oldid=1258462224">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Military–industrial_complex&oldid=1258462224</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military%E2%80%93industrial_complex" title="Category:Military–industrial complex">Military–industrial complex</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Category:Dwight D. 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