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class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Top</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Geschiedenis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geschiedenis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Geschiedenis</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geschiedenis-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Geschiedenis-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geschiedenis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1e_groothertogdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1e_groothertogdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>1e groothertogdom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1e_groothertogdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Intermezzo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Intermezzo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Intermezzo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Intermezzo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2e_groothertogdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2e_groothertogdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>2e groothertogdom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2e_groothertogdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tijdlijn" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tijdlijn"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Tijdlijn</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tijdlijn-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zie_ook" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zie_ook"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Zie ook</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zie_ook-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Groothertogdom Toscane</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 53 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-53" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">53 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%89" title="دوقية تسكانة الكبرى – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="دوقية تسكانة الكبرى" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gran_Duc%C3%A1u_de_Toscana" title="Gran Ducáu de Toscana – Asturisch" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Gran Ducáu de Toscana" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B6y%C3%BCk_Toskana_hersoqlu%C4%9Fu" title="Böyük Toskana hersoqluğu – Azerbeidzjaans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Böyük Toskana hersoqluğu" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidzjaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B2%D8%B1%D9%82_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B3%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D9%88%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%BA%DB%8C" title="بزرق توسکانی دوکلیغی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بزرق توسکانی دوکلیغی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B5" title="Вялікае герцагства Тасканскае – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Вялікае герцагства Тасканскае" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D1%85%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%86%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Велико херцогство Тоскана – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Велико херцогство Тоскана" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dugelezh-veur_Toskana" title="Dugelezh-veur Toskana – Bretons" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Dugelezh-veur Toskana" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretons" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gran_Ducat_de_Toscana" title="Gran Ducat de Toscana – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Gran Ducat de Toscana" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tosk%C3%A1nsk%C3%A9_velkov%C3%A9vodstv%C3%AD" title="Toskánské velkovévodství – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Toskánské velkovévodství" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uchel_Ddugiaeth_Toscana" title="Uchel Ddugiaeth Toscana – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Uchel Ddugiaeth Toscana" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storhertugd%C3%B8mmet_Toscana" title="Storhertugdømmet Toscana – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Storhertugdømmet Toscana" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gro%C3%9Fherzogtum_Toskana" title="Großherzogtum Toskana – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Großherzogtum Toskana" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CE%B3%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%BF_%CE%94%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%AC%CF%84%CE%BF_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%A4%CE%BF%CF%83%CE%BA%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B7%CF%82" title="Μεγάλο Δουκάτο της Τοσκάνης – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μεγάλο Δουκάτο της Τοσκάνης" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscany" title="Grand Duchy of Tuscany – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Grand Duchy of Tuscany" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grandduklando_de_Toskanio" title="Grandduklando de Toskanio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Grandduklando de Toskanio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gran_Ducado_de_Toscana" title="Gran Ducado de Toscana – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gran Ducado de Toscana" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toscana_suurhertsogkond" title="Toscana suurhertsogkond – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Toscana suurhertsogkond" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toskanako_Dukerri_Handia" title="Toskanako Dukerri Handia – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Toskanako Dukerri Handia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%DA%A9%E2%80%8C%D9%86%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%B2%D8%B1%DA%AF_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B3%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="دوک‌نشین بزرگ توسکانی – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دوک‌نشین بزرگ توسکانی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toscanan_suurherttuakunta" title="Toscanan suurherttuakunta – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Toscanan suurherttuakunta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand-duch%C3%A9_de_Toscane" title="Grand-duché de Toscane – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Grand-duché de Toscane" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gran_Ducado_de_Toscana" title="Gran Ducado de Toscana – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Gran Ducado de Toscana" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%93%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%92%D7%93%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%94_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%A0%D7%94" title="הדוכסות הגדולה של טוסקנה – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הדוכסות הגדולה של טוסקנה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veliko_Vojvodstvo_Toskana" title="Veliko Vojvodstvo Toskana – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Veliko Vojvodstvo Toskana" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toszk%C3%A1nai_Nagyhercegs%C3%A9g" title="Toszkánai Nagyhercegség – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Toszkánai Nagyhercegség" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keharyapatihan_Toscana" title="Keharyapatihan Toscana – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Keharyapatihan Toscana" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C3%B3rhertogad%C3%A6mi%C3%B0_Toskana" title="Stórhertogadæmið Toskana – IJslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Stórhertogadæmið Toskana" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="IJslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granducato_di_Toscana" title="Granducato di Toscana – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Granducato di Toscana" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%88%E3%82%B9%E3%82%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%83%8A%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%BD" title="トスカーナ大公国 – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="トスカーナ大公国" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%B0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%AA%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%9D" title="ტოსკანის დიდი საჰერცოგო – Georgisch" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ტოსკანის დიდი საჰერცოგო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%86%A0%EC%8A%A4%EC%B9%B4%EB%82%98_%EB%8C%80%EA%B3%B5%EA%B5%AD" title="토스카나 대공국 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="토스카나 대공국" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnus_Ducatus_Tusciae" title="Magnus Ducatus Tusciae – Latijn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Magnus Ducatus Tusciae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latijn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toskanos_did%C5%BEioji_kunigaik%C5%A1tyst%C4%97" title="Toskanos didžioji kunigaikštystė – Litouws" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Toskanos didžioji kunigaikštystė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litouws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE_%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%98%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Големо Војводство Тоскана – Macedonisch" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Големо Војводство Тоскана" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gran-ducado_de_la_Toscana" title="Gran-ducado de la Toscana – Mirandees" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Gran-ducado de la Toscana" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storhertugd%C3%B8met_Toscana" title="Storhertugdømet Toscana – Noors - Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Storhertugdømet Toscana" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Noors - Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storhertugd%C3%B8mmet_Toscana" title="Storhertugdømmet Toscana – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Storhertugdømmet Toscana" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wielkie_Ksi%C4%99stwo_Toskanii" title="Wielkie Księstwo Toskanii – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wielkie Księstwo Toskanii" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%A3o-Ducado_da_Toscana" title="Grão-Ducado da Toscana – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Grão-Ducado da Toscana" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marele_Ducat_de_Toscana" title="Marele Ducat de Toscana – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Marele Ducat de Toscana" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%86%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5" title="Великое герцогство Тосканское – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Великое герцогство Тосканское" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veliko_Vojvodstvo_Toskana" title="Veliko Vojvodstvo Toskana – Servo-Kroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Veliko Vojvodstvo Toskana" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Servo-Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscany" title="Grand Duchy of Tuscany – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Grand Duchy of Tuscany" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%98%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Велико војводство Тоскана – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Велико војводство Тоскана" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storhertigd%C3%B6met_Toscana" title="Storhertigdömet Toscana – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Storhertigdömet Toscana" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2" title="แกรนด์ดัชชีตอสคานา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แกรนด์ดัชชีตอสคานา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toskana_B%C3%BCy%C3%BCk_D%C3%BCkal%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Toskana Büyük Dükalığı – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Toskana Büyük Dükalığı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%86%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B5" title="Велике герцогство Тосканське – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Велике герцогство Тосканське" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grandogado_de_Toscana" title="Grandogado de Toscana – Venetiaans" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Grandogado de Toscana" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_c%C3%B4ng_qu%E1%BB%91c_Toscana" title="Đại công quốc Toscana – Vietnamees" 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dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1"> <tbody><tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="color:inherit; text-align:center; font-size:120%;" colspan="3">Granducato di Toscana </th></tr> <tr> <td class="ta-center" colspan="3"><span></span> <table style="width: 100%;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle; min-width: 45px;"><a href="/wiki/Florentijnse_Republiek" title="Florentijnse Republiek">←</a> <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Florence.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Florentijnse Republiek"><img alt="Florentijnse Republiek" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_Florence.svg/25px-Flag_of_Florence.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_Florence.svg/38px-Flag_of_Florence.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_Florence.svg/50px-Flag_of_Florence.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <br /><a href="/wiki/Eerste_Franse_Keizerrijk" title="Eerste Franse Keizerrijk">←</a> <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_France.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Eerste Franse Keizerrijk"><img alt="Eerste Franse Keizerrijk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/25px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/38px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/50px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <br /><a href="/wiki/Hertogdom_Lucca" title="Hertogdom Lucca">←</a> <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Lucca_1815-1847.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="Hertogdom Lucca"><img alt="Hertogdom Lucca" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Lucca_1815-1847.gif/25px-Lucca_1815-1847.gif" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Lucca_1815-1847.gif/38px-Lucca_1815-1847.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Lucca_1815-1847.gif/50px-Lucca_1815-1847.gif 2x" data-file-width="324" data-file-height="216" /></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;"><big><b>1569 – 1801<br />1815 — 1859</b></big> </td> <td style="text-align: right; vertical-align: middle; min-width: 45px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Etruria.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Koninkrijk Etrurië"><img alt="Koninkrijk Etrurië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Etruria.svg/25px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Etruria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Etruria.svg/38px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Etruria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Etruria.svg/50px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Etruria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Koninkrijk_Etruri%C3%AB" title="Koninkrijk Etrurië">→</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Italy_(1861%E2%80%931946).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Verenigde Provincies van Centraal-Italië"><img alt="Verenigde Provincies van Centraal-Italië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Italy_%281861%E2%80%931946%29.svg/25px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Italy_%281861%E2%80%931946%29.svg/38px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Italy_%281861%E2%80%931946%29.svg/50px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Verenigde_Provincies_van_Centraal-Itali%C3%AB" title="Verenigde Provincies van Centraal-Italië">→</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="color:inherit; text-align:center;" colspan="3"> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;" colspan="3"><span></span> <table style="width: 100%; text-align: center;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align: middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_the_Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscany_(1840).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Flag_of_the_Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscany_%281840%29.svg/125px-Flag_of_the_Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscany_%281840%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Flag_of_the_Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscany_%281840%29.svg/188px-Flag_of_the_Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscany_%281840%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Flag_of_the_Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscany_%281840%29.svg/250px-Flag_of_the_Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscany_%281840%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Great_coat_of_arms_of_the_Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscany.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Great_coat_of_arms_of_the_Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscany.svg/125px-Great_coat_of_arms_of_the_Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Great_coat_of_arms_of_the_Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscany.svg/188px-Great_coat_of_arms_of_the_Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Great_coat_of_arms_of_the_Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscany.svg/250px-Great_coat_of_arms_of_the_Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="color:inherit;" colspan="3">Kaart </th></tr> <tr> <td class="ta-center" colspan="3"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:GrhToscane.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Toscane eind 16e eeuw"><img alt="Toscane eind 16e eeuw" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/GrhToscane.jpg/266px-GrhToscane.jpg" decoding="async" width="266" height="245" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/GrhToscane.jpg/399px-GrhToscane.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/GrhToscane.jpg/532px-GrhToscane.jpg 2x" data-file-width="606" data-file-height="559" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="ta-center" colspan="3"><small>Toscane eind 16e eeuw</small> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="color:inherit;" colspan="3">Algemene gegevens </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Hoofdstad" title="Hoofdstad">Hoofdstad</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Florence_(stad)" title="Florence (stad)">Florence</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Taal_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Taal (hoofdbetekenis)">Talen</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Italiaans_(taal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Italiaans (taal)">Italiaans</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Religie" title="Religie">Religie(s)</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Rooms-katholiek" class="mw-redirect" title="Rooms-katholiek">Rooms-katholiek</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Volkslied_(nationaal_symbool)" title="Volkslied (nationaal symbool)">Volkslied</a> </th> <td colspan="2">La Leopolda </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Valuta" title="Valuta">Munteenheid</a> </th> <td colspan="2">firino, lira </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="color:inherit;" colspan="3">Regering </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Regeringsvorm" title="Regeringsvorm">Regeringsvorm</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Monarchie" title="Monarchie">Monarchie</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Dynastie" title="Dynastie">Dynastie</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Medici" title="Medici">Medici</a>, <a href="/wiki/Huis_Habsburg" title="Huis Habsburg">Habsburg</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Staatshoofd" title="Staatshoofd">Staatshoofd</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Groothertog" title="Groothertog">Groothertog</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>Het <b>groothertogdom Toscane</b> (Italiaans: <i>Granducato di Toscana</i>, Latijn: <i>Magnus Ducatus Etruriae</i>) was een Centraal-<a href="/wiki/Itali%C3%AB" title="Italië">Italiaanse</a> <a href="/wiki/Monarchie" title="Monarchie">monarchie</a> die bestond, met onderbrekingen, van 1569 tot 1859. De hoofdstad van het groothertogdom was <a href="/wiki/Florence_(stad)" title="Florence (stad)">Florence</a>. <a href="/wiki/Toscane" title="Toscane">Toscane</a> was tot de <a href="/wiki/Vrede_van_Westfalen" title="Vrede van Westfalen">Vrede van Westfalen</a> in 1648 in naam een deel van het <a href="/wiki/Heilige_Roomse_Rijk" title="Heilige Roomse Rijk">Heilige Roomse Rijk</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geschiedenis">Geschiedenis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Groothertogdom_Toscane&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Geschiedenis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Groothertogdom_Toscane&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Geschiedenis"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1e_groothertogdom">1e groothertogdom</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Groothertogdom_Toscane&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: 1e groothertogdom" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Groothertogdom_Toscane&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: 1e groothertogdom"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1569 verhief <a href="/wiki/Paus_Pius_V" title="Paus Pius V">paus Pius V</a> het <a href="/wiki/Hertogdom_Florence" title="Hertogdom Florence">hertogdom Florence</a>, dat in bezit was van de' <a href="/wiki/Medici" title="Medici">Medici</a> tot groothertogdom Toscane. De titel <a href="/wiki/Groothertog" title="Groothertog">groothertog</a> was nieuw en zou uniek blijven tot 1806, toen Napoleon aan een aantal Duitse vorsten de titel groothertog verleende. </p><p>Toscane bezat een krachtige economie en behaalde militaire successen onder <a href="/wiki/Cosimo_I_de%27_Medici" title="Cosimo I de' Medici">Cosimo I de' Medici</a> en zijn zonen. Onder de heerschappij van <a href="/wiki/Ferdinando_II_de%27_Medici" title="Ferdinando II de' Medici">Ferdinando II de' Medici</a> begon echter het economische verval, dat een dieptepunt bereikte onder <a href="/wiki/Cosimo_III_de%27_Medici" title="Cosimo III de' Medici">Cosimo III de' Medici</a>. Het enige succes van de familie de' Medici in de laatste dagen van haar bestaan was de verlening van de titel <a href="/wiki/Koninklijke_Hoogheid" title="Koninklijke Hoogheid">koninklijke hoogheden</a> door de keizer in 1691. De Medici stierven op 9 juli 1737 uit met <a href="/wiki/Gian_Gastone_de%27_Medici" title="Gian Gastone de' Medici">Gian Gastone de' Medici</a>. Er waren verschillende pretendenten voor de opvolging. </p><p>Op 18 november 1738 sloten Frankrijk en Oostenrijk het <a href="/wiki/Verdrag_van_Wenen_(1738)" title="Verdrag van Wenen (1738)">Verdrag van Wenen (1738)</a>, waardoor er een eind kwam aan de <a href="/wiki/Poolse_Successieoorlog" title="Poolse Successieoorlog">Poolse Successieoorlog</a>. De hertog van Lotharingen, <a href="/wiki/Keizer_Frans_I_Stefan" title="Keizer Frans I Stefan">Frans Stefan</a> stond zijn land af aan de verdreven koning van Polen en kreeg als compensatie het groothertogdom Toscane. Hij liet Toscane besturen door <a href="/wiki/Marc_de_Beauvau-Craon" class="mw-redirect" title="Marc de Beauvau-Craon">Marc de Beauvau-Craon</a>. </p><p>Frans Stefan werd na zijn dood in 1765 in Toscane opgevolgd door zijn tweede zoon <a href="/wiki/Keizer_Leopold_II" title="Keizer Leopold II">Leopold I</a>. Deze schafte op 30 november 1786 de doodstraf af. Toscane was hiermee het eerste Europese land waar dit gebeurde. Ook foltering werd afgeschaft. Leopolds moeder, Maria Theresa was ervoor verantwoordelijk dat de <a href="/wiki/Pokken" title="Pokken">pokkenvaccinatie</a> voor iedereen beschikbaar kwam. Op 23 januari 1774 werd de eerste Krankzinnigenwet van Europa ingevoerd in het groothertogdom. In 1790 volgde Leopold zijn broer op als keizer van het <a href="/wiki/Heilige_Roomse_Rijk" title="Heilige Roomse Rijk">Heilige Roomse Rijk</a> en droeg het groothertogdom over aan zijn tweede zoon <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_III_van_Toscane" title="Ferdinand III van Toscane">Ferdinand III</a> (1769-1824). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Intermezzo">Intermezzo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Groothertogdom_Toscane&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Intermezzo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Groothertogdom_Toscane&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Intermezzo"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1801 verdreven de troepen van <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_Bonaparte" title="Napoleon Bonaparte">Napoleon Bonaparte</a> Ferdinand III. Napoleon richtte de vazalstaat <a href="/wiki/Koninkrijk_Etruri%C3%AB" title="Koninkrijk Etrurië">Etrurië</a> op. Het land kwam in handen van het <a href="/wiki/Huis_Bourbon-Parma" class="mw-redirect" title="Huis Bourbon-Parma">huis Bourbon-Parma</a>. Met het <a href="/wiki/Verdrag_van_Fontainebleau_(oktober_1807)" title="Verdrag van Fontainebleau (oktober 1807)">Verdrag van Fontainebleau (oktober 1807)</a> annexeerde het keizerrijk Frankrijk het koninkrijk Etrurië: er kwamen drie Franse departementen in de plaats: <a href="/wiki/Arno_(departement)" title="Arno (departement)">Arno</a>, <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9diterran%C3%A9e_(departement)" title="Méditerranée (departement)">Méditerranée</a> en <a href="/wiki/Ombrone_(departement)" title="Ombrone (departement)">Ombrone</a>. Een ander <a href="/wiki/Verdrag_van_Fontainebleau_(1814)" title="Verdrag van Fontainebleau (1814)">Verdrag van Fontainebleau (1814)</a> en het <a href="/wiki/Verdrag_van_Parijs_(1814)" title="Verdrag van Parijs (1814)">Verdrag van Parijs (1814)</a> richtten het groothertogdom Toscane opnieuw op. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2e_groothertogdom">2e groothertogdom</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Groothertogdom_Toscane&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: 2e groothertogdom" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Groothertogdom_Toscane&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: 2e groothertogdom"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Het <a href="/wiki/Congres_van_Wenen" title="Congres van Wenen">Congres van Wenen</a> bevestigde dit Verdrag van 1814 en maakte het mogelijk dat Ferdinand III terugkeerde in het groothertogdom. </p><p>Ferdinand III werd na zijn dood in 1824 opgevolgd door zijn oudste zoon <a href="/wiki/Leopold_II_van_Toscane" title="Leopold II van Toscane">Leopold II</a>. In 1847 overleed aartshertogin <a href="/wiki/Marie_Louise_van_Oostenrijk" title="Marie Louise van Oostenrijk">Marie Louise van Oostenrijk</a>, de regerend hertogin van <a href="/wiki/Hertogdom_Parma" class="mw-redirect" title="Hertogdom Parma">Parma</a>. Op het <a href="/wiki/Congres_van_Wenen" title="Congres van Wenen">Congres van Wenen</a> was in 1815 vastgelegd dat bij haar dood het <a href="/wiki/Hertogdom_Parma" class="mw-redirect" title="Hertogdom Parma">hertogdom Parma</a> aan het huis Bourbon-Parma zou terugkomen, terwijl het <a href="/wiki/Hertogdom_Lucca" title="Hertogdom Lucca">hertogdom Lucca</a> dan verenigd zou worden met Toscane. Aldus geschiedde. </p><p>De <a href="/wiki/Verenigde_Provincies_van_Centraal-Itali%C3%AB" title="Verenigde Provincies van Centraal-Italië">Verenigde Provincies van Centraal-Italië</a>, een vazalstaat van het <a href="/wiki/Koninkrijk_Sardini%C3%AB_(1720-1861)" class="mw-redirect" title="Koninkrijk Sardinië (1720-1861)">koninkrijk Sardinië</a>, annexeerden Toscane in 1859. <a href="/wiki/Leopold_II_van_Toscane" title="Leopold II van Toscane">Leopold II</a> deed toen afstand van de troon ten gunste van zijn zoon <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_IV_van_Toscane" title="Ferdinand IV van Toscane">Ferdinand IV</a>. </p><p>Toscane werd formeel geannexeerd door Sardinië in 1860, na een referendum, waarin 95% van de kiezers het goedkeurde. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tijdlijn">Tijdlijn</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Groothertogdom_Toscane&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Tijdlijn" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Groothertogdom_Toscane&action=edit&section=5" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Tijdlijn"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1531" title="1531">1531</a> : <a href="/wiki/Alessandro_de%27_Medici" title="Alessandro de' Medici">Alessandro de' Medici</a>, lid van de invloedrijke <a href="/wiki/Medici" title="Medici">Medici-familie</a>, wordt hertog van Florence.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1557" title="1557">1557</a> : Florence vergroot zijn territorium met de <a href="/wiki/Republiek_Siena" title="Republiek Siena">republiek Siena</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1569" title="1569">1569</a> : Florence wordt een groothertogdom.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1737" title="1737">1737</a> : Met <a href="/wiki/Gian_Gastone_de%27_Medici" title="Gian Gastone de' Medici">Gian Gastone de' Medici</a> sterft het Medici-geslacht uit en gaat de titel van groothertog over op het <a href="/wiki/Huis_Habsburg-Lotharingen" title="Huis Habsburg-Lotharingen">huis Habsburg-Lotharingen</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1801" title="1801">1801</a> : Het <a href="/wiki/Frankrijk_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankrijk (hoofdbetekenis)">Franse</a> staatshoofd <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_Bonaparte" title="Napoleon Bonaparte">Napoleon Bonaparte</a> verovert het groothertogdom Toscane en maakt het tot <a href="/wiki/Koninkrijk_Etruri%C3%AB" title="Koninkrijk Etrurië">koninkrijk Etrurië</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1808" title="1808">1808</a> : Het <a href="/wiki/Koninkrijk_Etruri%C3%AB" title="Koninkrijk Etrurië">koninkrijk Etrurië</a> wordt opgeheven en worden 3 <a href="/wiki/Departementen_van_Frankrijk" title="Departementen van Frankrijk">departementen</a> van het <a href="/wiki/Eerste_Franse_Keizerrijk" title="Eerste Franse Keizerrijk">Franse Keizerrijk</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1815" title="1815">1815</a> : Het <a href="/wiki/Congres_van_Wenen" title="Congres van Wenen">Congres van Wenen</a> herstelt het groothertogdom Toscane en vergroot het met <a href="/wiki/Piombino" title="Piombino">Piombino</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elba" title="Elba">Elba</a> en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Presidi (de pagina bestaat niet)">Presidi</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1847" title="1847">1847</a> : Het <a href="/wiki/Hertogdom_Lucca" title="Hertogdom Lucca">hertogdom Lucca</a> wordt verenigd met Toscane.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1860" title="1860">1860</a> : Het groothertogdom Toscane wordt veroverd door het <a href="/wiki/Koninkrijk_Sardini%C3%AB_(1720-1861)" class="mw-redirect" title="Koninkrijk Sardinië (1720-1861)">koninkrijk Piëmont-Sardinië</a> en het huis Habsburg-Lotharingen wordt verjaagd.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1861" title="1861">1861</a> : Toscane wordt onderdeel van het <a href="/wiki/Koninkrijk_Itali%C3%AB_(1861-1946)" title="Koninkrijk Italië (1861-1946)">koninkrijk Italië</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zie_ook">Zie ook</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Groothertogdom_Toscane&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Zie ook" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Groothertogdom_Toscane&action=edit&section=6" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Zie ook"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lijst_van_heersers_van_Toscane" title="Lijst van heersers van Toscane">Lijst van heersers van Toscane</a></li></ul> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Overgenomen van "<a dir="ltr" href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Groothertogdom_Toscane&oldid=58093087">https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Groothertogdom_Toscane&oldid=58093087</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles" title="Categorie:Alles">Categorieën</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Historisch_land_in_Itali%C3%AB" title="Categorie:Historisch land in Italië">Historisch land in Italië</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Geschiedenis_van_Toscane" title="Categorie:Geschiedenis van Toscane">Geschiedenis van Toscane</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Geschiedenis_van_Florence" title="Categorie:Geschiedenis van Florence">Geschiedenis van Florence</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Historisch_groothertogdom" title="Categorie:Historisch groothertogdom">Historisch groothertogdom</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Verborgen categorieën: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Wikipedia:Geen_afbeelding_lokaal_en_wel_op_Wikidata" title="Categorie:Wikipedia:Geen afbeelding lokaal en wel op Wikidata">Wikipedia:Geen afbeelding lokaal en wel op Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Wikipedia:Co%C3%B6rdinaten_op_Wikidata" title="Categorie:Wikipedia:Coördinaten op Wikidata">Wikipedia:Coördinaten op Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Deze pagina is voor het laatst bewerkt op 21 jan 2021 om 21:34.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">De tekst is beschikbaar onder de licentie <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.nl">Creative Commons Naamsvermelding/Gelijk delen</a>, er kunnen aanvullende voorwaarden van toepassing zijn. 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