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id="toc-Investments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pre-2010" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pre-2010"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Pre-2010 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pre-2010-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2010–2014" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2010–2014"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 2010–2014 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2010–2014-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2015–2019" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2015–2019"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 2015–2019 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2015–2019-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Since_2020" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Since_2020"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Since 2020 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Since_2020-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Investment_funds" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Investment_funds"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Investment funds </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Investment_funds-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criticism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criticism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Criticism </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Criticism-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Criticism subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Criticism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-British_United_Shoe_Machinery_(2000)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#British_United_Shoe_Machinery_(2000)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 British United Shoe Machinery (2000) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-British_United_Shoe_Machinery_(2000)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hellas_Telecommunications_(2015)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hellas_Telecommunications_(2015)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Hellas Telecommunications (2015) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hellas_Telecommunications_(2015)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_persons" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_persons"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Notable persons </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_persons-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">British private equity firm</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1242257876">.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-label{padding-right:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-below{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-locality,.mw-parser-output .ib-company-country{display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Apax Partners LLP</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><a href="/wiki/File:Apax_Partners_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/20/Apax_Partners_logo.svg/220px-Apax_Partners_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/20/Apax_Partners_logo.svg/330px-Apax_Partners_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/20/Apax_Partners_logo.svg/440px-Apax_Partners_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="188" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Company type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Privately_held_company" title="Privately held company">Private</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Industry</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Private_equity" title="Private equity">Private equity</a> <a href="/wiki/Venture_capital" title="Venture capital">Venture capital</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1972; 52 years ago (1972)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Key people</div></th><td class="infobox-data agent">Andrew Sillitoe (co-<a href="/wiki/Chief_executive_officer" title="Chief executive officer">CEO</a>) Mitch Truwit (co-CEO)<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Products</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Investment" title="Investment">Investments</a> <a href="/wiki/Private_equity_fund" title="Private equity fund">Private equity funds</a> <a href="/wiki/Leveraged_buyout" title="Leveraged buyout">Leveraged buyouts</a> <a href="/wiki/Growth_capital" title="Growth capital">Growth capital</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Assets_under_management" title="Assets under management">AUM</a></th><td class="infobox-data">US$77 billion<a href="#cite_note-themiddlemarket.com-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Number of employees</div></th><td class="infobox-data">100+</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://apax.com">apax.com</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Apax Partners LLP is a British <a href="/wiki/Private_equity" title="Private equity">private equity</a> firm, headquartered in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, England.<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> The company also operates out of six other offices in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv">Tel Aviv</a>, <a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a>.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> As of March 2024, the firm had raised and advised funds of approximately US$77 billion.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> Apax Partners is one of the oldest and largest private equity firms operating on an international basis.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> Apax invests across four sectors: <a href="/wiki/Information_technology" title="Information technology">technology</a>, internet/consumer, <a href="/wiki/Health_care" title="Health care">healthcare</a> and services.<a href="#cite_note-:1-7">[7]</a> It looks for investments in a target Enterprise Value of $100–5,000 million. Apax raises capital for its investment funds through <a href="/wiki/Institutional_investor" title="Institutional investor">institutional investors</a> including corporate and public <a href="/wiki/Pension_fund" title="Pension fund">pension funds</a>, university and college <a href="/wiki/Financial_endowment" title="Financial endowment">endowments</a>, <a href="/wiki/Foundation_(nonprofit_organization)" class="mw-redirect" title="Foundation (nonprofit organization)">foundations</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fund_of_funds" title="Fund of funds">fund of funds</a>. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Apax_Partners&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="font-size:110%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_private_equity_and_venture_capital" title="History of private equity and venture capital">History of private equity and venture capital</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Wall_Street_Sign_(5899884048).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Wall_Street_Sign_%285899884048%29.jpg/150px-Wall_Street_Sign_%285899884048%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Wall_Street_Sign_%285899884048%29.jpg/225px-Wall_Street_Sign_%285899884048%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Wall_Street_Sign_%285899884048%29.jpg/300px-Wall_Street_Sign_%285899884048%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4368" data-file-height="2912" /></a></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid"> <a href="/wiki/Early_history_of_private_equity" title="Early history of private equity">Early history</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> (origins of modern <a href="/wiki/Private_equity" title="Private equity">private equity</a>)</td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid"> <a href="/wiki/Private_equity_in_the_1980s" title="Private equity in the 1980s">The 1980s</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> (<a href="/wiki/Leveraged_buyout" title="Leveraged buyout">leveraged buyout</a> boom)</td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid"> <a href="/wiki/Private_equity_in_the_1990s" title="Private equity in the 1990s">The 1990s</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> (<a href="/wiki/Leveraged_buyout" title="Leveraged buyout">leveraged buyout</a> and the venture capital bubble)</td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid"> <a href="/wiki/Private_equity_in_the_2000s" title="Private equity in the 2000s">The 2000s</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> (<a href="/wiki/Dot-com_bubble" title="Dot-com bubble">dot-com bubble</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Credit_crunch" title="Credit crunch">credit crunch</a>)</td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid"> <a href="/wiki/Private_equity_in_the_2010s" title="Private equity in the 2010s">The 2010s</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> (expansion)</td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid"> <a href="/wiki/Private_equity_in_the_2020s" title="Private equity in the 2020s">The 2020s</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> (<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_recession" title="COVID-19 recession">COVID-19 recession</a>)</td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:History_of_private_equity_and_venture_capital" title="Template:History of private equity and venture capital"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:History_of_private_equity_and_venture_capital" title="Template talk:History of private equity and venture capital"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:History_of_private_equity_and_venture_capital" title="Special:EditPage/Template:History of private equity and venture capital"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> In 1972,<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Mourad_Cohen" title="Ronald Mourad Cohen">Ronald Mourad Cohen</a> and Maurice Tchénio founded the advisory firm Multinational Management Group (MMG) in London, Paris, and Chicago, marking the beginning of Apax Partners.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> In 1977, they formed a partnership with early venture capitalist <a href="/wiki/Alan_Patricof" title="Alan Patricof">Alan Patricof</a>, who founded Patricof & Co in New York in 1969.<a href="#cite_note-:2-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> The new firm would be known as Alan Patricof Associates (APA) and ultimately come to be known as Apax Partners (apax means "unique" in classical Greek).<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> Throughout the 1980s, the firm grew steadily raising capital under a series of separate funds.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> In 1991, Apax Partners became the official name for all of its European operations<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> however the U.S. business still operated under the Patricof & Co. name. By the mid-1990s Apax had become one of the larger private equity firms globally.<a href="#cite_note-:2-12">[12]</a> In 2001, Patricof & Co. adopted the Apax Partners branding and formalized its affiliation with its European business.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> In 2002, Apax Partners LLP was established.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> In 2005, Apax announced it would acquire middle market <a href="/wiki/Leveraged_buyout" title="Leveraged buyout">leveraged buyout</a> firm <a href="/wiki/Saunders_Karp_%26_Megrue" class="mw-redirect" title="Saunders Karp & Megrue">Saunders Karp & Megrue</a> to augment its buyout business in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> In March 2006, Alan Patricof left Apax.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> In 2006, Apax Partners in London and Apax Partners France in Paris became independent.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> Apax Partners France rebranded to Seven2 in 2023.<a href="#cite_note-:0-25">[25]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Investments">Investments</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Apax_Partners&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Investments">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pre-2010">Pre-2010</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Apax_Partners&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Pre-2010">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BT_Group" title="BT Group">British Telecom</a> restructured, and agreed to sell the <a href="/wiki/Yell_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Yell Group">Yell Group</a> <a href="/wiki/Yellow_pages" title="Yellow pages">Yellow pages</a> directory business to Apax and <a href="/wiki/Lion_Capital_LLP" title="Lion Capital LLP">Lion Capital LLP</a> for £2.14 billion ($3.5 billion),<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> making it then the largest non-corporate LBO in European history. Yell bought US directories publisher McLeodUSA for about $600 million the following year,<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> and floated on London's <a href="/wiki/FTSE_100_Index" title="FTSE 100 Index">FTSE</a> in 2003.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Apax purchased a majority stake in <a href="/wiki/Travelex" title="Travelex">Travelex</a> (the world's largest foreign exchange company) for £1.06bn. In Q3 2005 Apax also announced plans to purchase <a href="/w/index.php?title=Grupo_Panrico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grupo Panrico (page does not exist)">Grupo Panrico</a>, one of <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain's</a> largest food companies and its largest bakery company.</li> <li>A partnership consisting of Apax, <a href="/wiki/Saban_Capital_Group" title="Saban Capital Group">Saban Capital Group</a> and Arkin Communications acquired the controlling interest (30%) in Israeli telecommunications company <a href="/wiki/Bezeq" title="Bezeq">Bezeq</a> in October 2005 for $923 million.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> The partnership sold its stake to Internet Gold – Golden Lines Ltd. subsidiary <a href="/wiki/B_Communications" class="mw-redirect" title="B Communications">B Communications</a> in April 2010 for $1.75 billion.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a></li> <li>Apax floated the satellite communications company Inmarsat on the London Stock Exchange in 2015.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Apax purchased the <a href="/wiki/Tommy_Hilfiger_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Tommy Hilfiger Corporation">Tommy Hilfiger Corporation</a> for $1.6 billion, or $16.80 a share, all in cash. In May 2006, this deal was approved by the shareholders of Tommy Hilfiger.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a></li> <li>In June 2006, Apax acquired <a href="/wiki/HIT_Entertainment" title="HIT Entertainment">HIT Entertainment</a> in a take-private transaction.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a></li> <li>On 21 August 2006 it was announced that Apax Partners and <a href="/wiki/Bain_Capital" title="Bain Capital">Bain Capital</a> had joined the enlarged private equity consortium headed by <a href="/wiki/Kohlberg_Kravis_Roberts_%26_Co." class="mw-redirect" title="Kohlberg Kravis Roberts & Co.">KKR</a> that has agreed to acquire an 80.1% stake in the Semiconductor Division of <a href="/wiki/Philips" title="Philips">Royal Philips Electronics</a>. The new company is called <a href="/wiki/NXP_Semiconductors" title="NXP Semiconductors">NXP Semiconductors</a>.</li> <li>On 31 October 2006 it was announced that Apax Partners had acquired FTMSC (<a href="/wiki/Orange_S.A." title="Orange S.A.">France Télécom</a> Mobile Satellite Communications) which would later be rebranded under the <a href="/wiki/Vizada" title="Vizada">Vizada</a> name in June 2007. This was shortly followed by an announcement on 6 September 2007 explaining that Apax Partners had acquired <a href="/wiki/Telenor" title="Telenor">Telenor</a> Satellite Services which was to be merged into the Vizada brand.</li> <li>On 20 November 2006 Apax Partners Worldwide LLP won a tender to buy control of <a href="/wiki/Tnuva" title="Tnuva">Tnuva</a>. The bid values the privately held food and dairy group at $1.025 billion.</li></ul> <ul><li>In May 2007, Apax signed definitive agreements with funds advised by Apax Partners and <a href="/wiki/OMERS_Capital_Partners" class="mw-redirect" title="OMERS Capital Partners">OMERS Capital Partners</a> under which such funds acquired the higher education, careers and library reference assets of <a href="/wiki/Thomson_Learning" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomson Learning">Thomson Learning</a>, and a consortium of funds advised by <a href="/wiki/OMERS" title="OMERS">OMERS</a>, and Apax acquired <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Nelson Canada">Nelson Canada</a>, for a combined total value of approximately $7.75 billion[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>] in cash. The higher education, careers and library reference assets include such well-known brands and businesses as: Wadsworth, South-Western, Delmar Learning, Eddie Diamond, Gale, Heinle, Brooks/Cole, Course Technology and Nelson Canada. Nelson Canada is a leading provider of books and online resources for the educational market in Canada. The group will be majority-owned by OMERS. The name was changed to <a href="/wiki/Cengage_Learning" class="mw-redirect" title="Cengage Learning">Cengage Learning</a>, on 24 July 2007.</li></ul> <ul><li>In January 2008 Apax and <a href="/wiki/Mivtach_Shamir_Holdings_Ltd." title="Mivtach Shamir Holdings Ltd.">Mivtach Shamir</a> purchased the <a href="/wiki/Tnuva" title="Tnuva">Tnuva</a> company for $1.025 billion.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a></li> <li>In August 2008, Apax Partners completed acquisition of TriZetto Group.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a></li></ul> <ul><li>In August 2009, Apax Partners completed acquisition of <a href="/wiki/Bankrate" title="Bankrate">Bankrate</a>.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2010–2014">2010–2014</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Apax_Partners&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 2010–2014">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>In January 2010, Apax Partners acquired 76.8% of <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>-based <a href="/wiki/Psagot_Investment_House" title="Psagot Investment House">Psagot Investment House</a> for $570 million.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a></li> <li>In April 2010, Apax Partners announced acquisition of TIVIT.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a></li> <li>In May 2010, Apax Partners acquired a 70% stake in <a href="/wiki/Sophos" title="Sophos">Sophos</a> for $580 million.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a></li></ul> <ul><li>On 25 March 2011 Apax Partners announced that it had reached a definitive agreement to purchase <a href="/wiki/Trader_Corporation" title="Trader Corporation">Trader Corporation</a> (“Trader”) from <a href="/wiki/Yellow_Media" class="mw-redirect" title="Yellow Media">Yellow Media</a> for a purchase price consideration of $745 million.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a></li> <li>On 23 December 2011 Apax Partners announced acquisition of the Swiss branch of <a href="/wiki/Orange_S.A." title="Orange S.A.">Orange</a>.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a></li></ul> <ul><li>In February 2012, Apax sold <a href="/wiki/HiT_Entertainment" class="mw-redirect" title="HiT Entertainment">HiT Entertainment</a> to <a href="/wiki/Mattel" title="Mattel">Mattel</a> for $680 million.</li> <li>On 11 June 2012 an Apax-led consortium announced acquisition of Paradigm Ltd.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a></li> <li>In September 2012, Apax Partners forms consortium with CEO Stephen Cretier for GardaWorld Security Services.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a></li> <li>In November 2012, Apax Partners agrees to acquire <a href="/wiki/Cole_Haan" title="Cole Haan">Cole Haan</a> and completes acquisition 4 February 2013.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a></li></ul> <ul><li>On 21 January 2014 Apax bought out the remaining 50.1% share of Trader Media from the Guardian Media Group.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a></li> <li>On 9 October 2014 Apax announced that they will acquire <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Dutch</a> software maker <a href="/wiki/Exact_(company)" title="Exact (company)">Exact</a>.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> It closed the transaction in April 2015.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a></li> <li>On 8 December 2014 Apax announced that it had entered into a transaction agreement to acquire 100% of the shares of <a href="/wiki/EVRY" class="mw-redirect" title="EVRY">EVRY</a>.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2015–2019">2015–2019</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Apax_Partners&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 2015–2019">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>In May 2015, Apax Partners agreed to purchase <a href="/wiki/Quality_Distribution" class="mw-redirect" title="Quality Distribution">Quality Distribution</a>, a Tampa, Florida–based chemical transport and logistics firm, for $800 million, including assumption of debt. The deal was completed in August 2015.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a></li> <li>In July 2015, Apax bought 100% of Spanish real state web portal idealista.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a></li> <li>In December 2015, Apax Partners agreed to sell Rhiag-Inter Auto Parts Italia SpA to <a href="/wiki/LKQ_Corporation" title="LKQ Corporation">LKQ Corporation</a> for $1.14 billion.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a></li></ul> <ul><li>On 19 July 2016 Apax Partners agrees to acquire <a href="/wiki/Boats_Group" title="Boats Group">Boats Group</a>. Formerly Dominion Marine Media ("DMM"), a subsidiary of <a href="/wiki/Landmark_Media_Enterprises" title="Landmark Media Enterprises">Landmark Media Enterprises</a>.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a></li></ul> <ul><li>On 23 August 2017 funds advised by Apax Partners announced a definitive agreement to acquire <a href="/wiki/ThoughtWorks" class="mw-redirect" title="ThoughtWorks">ThoughtWorks</a>, a global software development and digital transformation consulting company.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a></li> <li>In September 2017, <a href="/wiki/Tom_Chapman_(entrepreneur)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tom Chapman (entrepreneur)">Tom Chapman</a> and Ruth Chapman sold a majority stake in <a href="/wiki/Matchesfashion.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Matchesfashion.com">Matchesfashion.com</a> to private-equity funds managed by Apax Partners.<a href="#cite_note-wsj-spend-57">[57]</a></li></ul> <ul><li>In January 2019, Apax Partners invested US$200 million in <a href="/wiki/Fractal_Analytics" title="Fractal Analytics">Fractal Analytics</a>.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a></li> <li>In May 2019, Apax Partners purchased New Zealand <a href="/wiki/E-commerce" title="E-commerce">e-commerce</a> company <a href="/wiki/Trade_Me" title="Trade Me">Trade Me</a> for $1.7 billion.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a></li> <li>In July 2019, funds advised by Apax Partners acquired <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Classifieds" title="Baltic Classifieds">Baltic Classifieds Group</a>, a business owning a portfolio of portals in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Since_2020">Since 2020</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Apax_Partners&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Since 2020">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>In April 2020, Apax Partners finalized the purchase of Coalfire, a cybersecurity firm.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a></li> <li>In June 2020, Apax invested $100 million in Payfone, a software and data analytics firm, today known as Prove Identity<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> and based in New York.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a></li> <li>In September 2020, Apax sold their majority stake in idealista, the Spanish real-estate web portal, to <a href="/wiki/EQT_AB" title="EQT AB">EQT AB</a>, for a sum of EUR1.3 billion, achieving a quintuple return on its 2015 investment of EUR235 million.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a></li> <li>In Dec 2020, Azentio Software Private Limited, subsidiary of Apax Partners, buys global software products business of 3i Infotech for Rs. 1000 Cr <a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a></li></ul> <ul><li>In January 2021, Apax acquired PIB Group, a specialist insurance company, together with PIB's management team.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a></li> <li>In February 2021, Apax reinvested in idealista, acquiring a 17% stake in the web portal for EUR250 million.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a></li> <li>In February 2021, Apax acquired a majority stake in Herjavec Group, a global <a href="/wiki/Managed_security_service" title="Managed security service">managed security services provider</a> led by founder and CEO <a href="/wiki/Robert_Herjavec" title="Robert Herjavec">Robert Herjavec</a>, who retained a significant stake.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a></li> <li>In March 2021, Apax Partners acquired <a href="/wiki/Rodenstock_GmbH" title="Rodenstock GmbH">Rodenstock</a>, a German manufacturer of <a href="/wiki/Corrective_lens" title="Corrective lens">ophthalmic lenses</a> and <a href="/wiki/Glasses" title="Glasses">spectacle frames</a>, for EUR1.5 billion.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a></li> <li>In March 2021, Apax also agreed to acquire Lutech, an IT service company in Italy, from <a href="/wiki/One_Equity_Partners" title="One Equity Partners">One Equity Partners</a>.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a></li> <li>In May 2021, Apax acquired Texas based, pet food company Nulo.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a></li> <li>In June 2021, Apax acquired Infogain, a Silicon Valley–based company in the digital transformation and software services sector, from the private equity firm ChrysCapital.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a></li> <li>In August 2021, Apax acquired <a href="/wiki/NGP_VAN" title="NGP VAN">EveryAction</a> from <a href="/wiki/Insight_Partners" title="Insight Partners">Insight Partners</a> and <a href="/wiki/Social_Solutions" title="Social Solutions">Social Solutions</a> from <a href="/wiki/Vista_Equity_Partners" title="Vista Equity Partners">Vista Equity Partners</a>, combining them with CyberGrants, a company it agreed to acquire in June from Waud Capital Partners. Vista kept a minority stake in the combined company, which will have annual revenue of over $200 million.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a></li> <li>In September 2021, Apax joined with <a href="/wiki/Warburg_Pincus" title="Warburg Pincus">Warburg Pincus</a> to acquire T-Mobile Netherlands Holding B.V., today known as <a href="/wiki/Odido" title="Odido">Odido</a>, in a transaction valuing the company at an <a href="/wiki/Enterprise_value" title="Enterprise value">enterprise value</a> of EUR5.1 billion.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a></li> <li>In September 2021, Apax also acquired SavATree, a horticultural service provider, based in New York.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a></li> <li>In October 2021, Apax agreed to acquire the homeowner services group of <a href="/wiki/American_Water_Works" title="American Water Works">American Water Works</a> for $1.27 billion.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a></li> <li>In November 2021, UK satellite firm <a href="/wiki/Inmarsat" title="Inmarsat">Inmarsat</a>, partially owned by Apax, agreed to be acquired by <a href="/wiki/Viasat_(American_company)" title="Viasat (American company)">Viasat</a> for $7.3 billion.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a></li> <li>In December 2021, Apax sold Unilabs, a European medical diagnostics company acquired from <a href="/wiki/Nordic_Capital" title="Nordic Capital">Nordic Capital</a> and Apax Partners France, today known as Seven2,<a href="#cite_note-:0-25">[25]</a> in 2016,<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> to A.P. Moller Holding, the owner of <a href="/wiki/Maersk" title="Maersk">Maersk</a>.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a></li></ul> <ul><li>In February 2022, Apax acquired a majority stake in <a href="/wiki/Ole_Smoky_Distillery" title="Ole Smoky Distillery">Ole Smoky Distillery</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Gatlinburg,_Tennessee" title="Gatlinburg, Tennessee">Gatlinburg, Tennessee</a>–based spirits company.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a></li> <li>In February 2022, Apax also acquired a controlling stake in Alcumus, a <a href="/wiki/Risk_management" title="Risk management">risk management</a> and <a href="/wiki/Governance,_risk_management,_and_compliance" title="Governance, risk management, and compliance">compliance services</a> firm based in Cardiff.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a></li> <li>In October 2022, Apax sold <a href="/wiki/Tank_container" title="Tank container">ISO tank</a> services provider <a href="/wiki/Boasso_Global" title="Boasso Global">Boasso Global</a>, formerly known as Quality Distribution, to <a href="/wiki/Kohlberg_Kravis_Roberts" title="Kohlberg Kravis Roberts">KKR</a>.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a></li></ul> <ul><li>In May 2023, Apax agreed to acquire <a href="/wiki/Blackstone_Inc." title="Blackstone Inc.">Blackstone Inc.'s</a> minority stake in IBS Software, a software-as-a-service provider for travel and logistics companies, investing an estimated $450m, with IBS Software founder and executive chairman, <a href="/wiki/Valayil_Korath_Mathews" title="Valayil Korath Mathews">Valayil Korath Mathews</a>, retaining the majority stake.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a></li> <li>In July 2023, Apax agreed with Fremman Capital and other minor stakeholders, to acquire a co-controlling stake in Spain's Palex Medical.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a></li> <li>In August 2023, Apax entered into an agreement with <a href="/wiki/The_Tornante_Company" title="The Tornante Company">The Tornante Company</a>, former Disney CEO <a href="/wiki/Michael_Eisner" title="Michael Eisner">Michael Eisner's</a> private investment firm, and <a href="/wiki/Madison_Dearborn_Partners" title="Madison Dearborn Partners">Madison Dearborn Partners</a> to acquire the <a href="/wiki/Bazooka_(chewing_gum)" title="Bazooka (chewing gum)">Bazooka</a> candy business for a sum of $700 million.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a></li> <li>In October 2023, Apax agreed to invest in GAN Integrity, a provider of cloud-based compliance management software, based in Copenhagen, Denmark.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a></li> <li>In November 2023, Apax, together with existing investors Frontier Growth, PeakSpan Capital, and Petvisor's management team, invested more than $100m in Petvisor, a <a href="/wiki/Veterinary_medicine" title="Veterinary medicine">veterinary</a> and pet services software provider.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a></li> <li>In December 2023, Apax acquired the financial software companies OCS from Charme Capital Partners and Finwave from Lutech.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a></li> <li>In February 2024, Apax completed the acquisition of <a href="/wiki/Trend_analysis" title="Trend analysis">trend forecasting</a> company <a href="/wiki/WGSN_(trend_forecasting)" title="WGSN (trend forecasting)">WGSN</a> from <a href="/wiki/Ascential" title="Ascential">Ascential</a>.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> In the same month, Apax acquired a majority stake in Integrated Environmental Solutions (IES), a Glasgow-based provider of software simulation tools and consulting services for the <a href="/wiki/Climate_change_mitigation" title="Climate change mitigation">decarbonisation</a> of buildings, communities and cities.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a></li> <li>In May 2024, Apax agreed to sell India based Healthium Medtech, a medical device company acquired from <a href="/wiki/TPG_Inc." title="TPG Inc.">TPG Growth</a>, CX Partners, and founding shareholders in April 2018,<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> to KKR for a sum of $839 million.<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a><a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a></li> <li>In Nov 2024, Apax completes the transaction to take the consultancy company <a href="/wiki/Thoughtworks" title="Thoughtworks">Thoughtworks</a> (NASDAQ: TWKS) private, for a sum of $1.75 Billion<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Investment_funds">Investment funds</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Apax_Partners&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Investment funds">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Fund </th> <th>Vintage Year </th> <th>Capital ($m) </th></tr> <tr> <td>Apax VIII<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> </td> <td>2013 </td> <td>$7,500 </td></tr> <tr> <td>AMI Opportunities L.P.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> </td> <td>2015 </td> <td>$500 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Apax IX<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> </td> <td>2016 </td> <td>$9,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Apax Digital Fund<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> </td> <td>2017 </td> <td>$1,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Apax X<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> </td> <td>2020 </td> <td>$11,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Apax Digital Fund II<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> </td> <td>2023 </td> <td>$1,750 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Apax Global Impact<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a><a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> </td> <td>2023 </td> <td>$877 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Apax XI<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> </td> <td>2024 </td> <td>$12,000 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticism">Criticism</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Apax_Partners&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Criticism">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="British_United_Shoe_Machinery_(2000)">British United Shoe Machinery (2000)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Apax_Partners&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: British United Shoe Machinery (2000)">edit</a>]</div> The circumstances surrounding the demerger, transfer of assets and subsequent collapse of the <a href="/wiki/British_United_Shoe_Machinery#Failed_Flotation,_Apax_Partners_and_pension_collapse" title="British United Shoe Machinery">British United Shoe Machinery</a> in 2000 led to questions about Apax's behaviour being raised in Parliament by MPs of both main parties. After calls for an enquiry into the loss of hundreds of pensions were refused, <a href="/wiki/Ros_Altmann" class="mw-redirect" title="Ros Altmann">Ros Altmann</a>, the pensions expert and, as of 2015, UK Pensions minister described it "one of the worst cases ..I have seen ..the actions of the former owners – Apax have been immoral." The Member of Parliament <a href="/wiki/Ashok_Kumar_(British_politician)" title="Ashok Kumar (British politician)">Ashok Kumar</a> said, "I think these people needed flogging ..these are greedy, selfish, capitalists who live on the backs of others."<a href="#cite_note-nick-116">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hellas_Telecommunications_(2015)">Hellas Telecommunications (2015)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Apax_Partners&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Hellas Telecommunications (2015)">edit</a>]</div> Following its sale of Wind Hellas in 2007, Apax and Hellas co-owner TPG were sued by former bondholders of the telecom company, who allege that Apax and TPG unjustifiably enriched themselves from Hellas and misrepresented the true state of its accounts. Apax has countered that some of these bondholders only began their dispute after passing up on the chance of selling prior to the bankruptcy of 2009, and that Apax sold the business in 2007 (almost three years before the bankruptcy) and so was not the legal owner of Hellas during the periods cited in some of the lawsuits. (In 2005 a New York judge awarded $56 million to some of these bondholders, made against Hellas Telecommunications Finance and Hellas Finance, rather than Apax or TPG). Other lawsuits related to Apax and TPG's ownership of Hellas are being heard in the United States. In December 2015 a separate legal action brought by the liquidators of Hellas Telecommunications was dismissed by a Luxembourg court.<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a><a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> In February 2018 the liquidators abandoned their UK case against Apax and TPG after four days of trial.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_persons">Notable persons</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Apax_Partners&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Notable persons">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Kestenbaum,_Baron_Kestenbaum" title="Jonathan Kestenbaum, Baron Kestenbaum">Jonathan Kestenbaum, Baron Kestenbaum</a> (born 1959), chief operating officer of investment trust <a href="/wiki/RIT_Capital_Partners" title="RIT Capital Partners">RIT Capital Partners</a>, and a <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour</a> member of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">House of Lords</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Apax_Partners&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Mead" title="Scott Mead">Scott Mead</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Apax_Partners&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/investment-apax-ceos/update-1-apax-partners-appoints-co-ceos-to-replace-halusa-idUSL5N0JK2EW20131205">"Apax Partners appoints co-CEOs to replace Halusa"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. December 5, 2013. </li> <li id="cite_note-themiddlemarket.com-2"><a href="#cite_ref-themiddlemarket.com_2-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.themiddlemarket.com/news/apax-partners-raises-1b-tech-fund-investing-in-luxury-e-commerce-site">"Apax Partners raises $1B tech fund, investing in luxury e-commerce site"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Mergers_%26_Acquisitions" title="Mergers & Acquisitions">Mergers & Acquisitions</a>. December 8, 2017. </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/d21e38a8-eaa3-11df-b28d-00144feab49a">"Apax sale marks VC exit"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a>. 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The Economist. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0013-0613">0013-0613</a>. Retrieved 2015-12-23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=Another+Greek+tragedy&rft.issn=0013-0613&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fnews%2Ffinance-and-economics%2F21654680-pressure-mounts-two-private-equity-giants-did-very-well-out-disastrous&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApax+Partners" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/news/letters/21659685-letters">"Letters"</a>. The Economist. 23 July 2015. Retrieved 2015-12-23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=Letters&rft.date=2015-07-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fnews%2Fletters%2F21659685-letters&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApax+Partners" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.debtwire.com/intelligence/view/prime-2591557">"COURT: Hellas Telecommunications liquidators abandon lawsuit against Apax and TPG, costs hearing week of 5 March,"</a> Debtwire.com, February 23, 2018. </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Apax_Partners&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.apax.com/">Official website</a></li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081201212430/http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/banking_and_finance/article2799424.ece">How I rode the rising wave of private equity</a>." The Sunday Times, November 4, 2007</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Private_equity_and_venture_capital" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Private_equity_and_venture_capital" title="Template:Private equity and venture capital"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Private_equity_and_venture_capital" title="Template talk:Private equity and venture capital"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Private_equity_and_venture_capital" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Private equity and venture capital"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Private_equity_and_venture_capital" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Private_equity" title="Private equity">Private equity</a> and <a href="/wiki/Venture_capital" title="Venture capital">venture capital</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Investment types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buyout" title="Buyout">Buyout</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leveraged_buyout" title="Leveraged buyout">Leveraged</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venture_capital" title="Venture capital">Venture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mezzanine_capital" title="Mezzanine capital">Mezzanine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Growth_capital" title="Growth capital">Growth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_equity_secondary_market" class="mw-redirect" title="Private equity secondary market">Secondaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equity_co-investment" title="Equity co-investment">Equity co-investment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_private_equity_and_venture_capital" title="History of private equity and venture capital">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_history_of_private_equity" title="Early history of private equity">Early history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_equity_in_the_1980s" title="Private equity in the 1980s">1980s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_equity_in_the_1990s" title="Private equity in the 1990s">1990s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_equity_in_the_2000s" title="Private equity in the 2000s">2000s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_equity_in_the_2010s" title="Private equity in the 2010s">2010s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_equity_in_the_2020s" title="Private equity in the 2020s">2020s</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Terms and concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Leveraged_buyout" title="Leveraged buyout">Buyout</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Financial_sponsor" title="Financial sponsor">Financial sponsor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Management_buyout" title="Management buyout">Management buyout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divisional_buyout" title="Divisional buyout">Divisional buyout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buy%E2%80%93sell_agreement" title="Buy–sell agreement">Buy–sell agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leveraged_recapitalization" title="Leveraged recapitalization">Leveraged recapitalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dividend_recapitalization" title="Dividend recapitalization">Dividend recapitalization</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Venture_capital" title="Venture capital">Venture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angel_investor" title="Angel investor">Angel investor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_incubator" title="Business incubator">Business incubator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-money_valuation" title="Post-money valuation">Post-money valuation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-money_valuation" title="Pre-money valuation">Pre-money valuation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simple_agreement_for_future_equity" title="Simple agreement for future equity">SAFE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seed_money" title="Seed money">Seed money</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Startup_company" title="Startup company">Startup company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venture_capital_financing" class="mw-redirect" title="Venture capital financing">Venture capital financing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venture_debt" title="Venture debt">Venture debt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venture_round" title="Venture round">Venture round</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Structure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Private_equity_firm" title="Private equity firm">Private equity firms</a> and <a href="/wiki/Private_equity_fund" title="Private equity fund">funds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limited_partnership" title="Limited partnership">Limited partnership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limited_liability_company" title="Limited liability company">Limited liability company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carried_interest" title="Carried interest">Carried interest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Management_fee" title="Management fee">Management fee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pledge_fund" title="Pledge fund">Pledge fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Publicly_traded_private_equity" title="Publicly traded private equity">Publicly traded private equity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Business_Development_Company" title="Business Development Company">Business Development Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venture_capital_trust" title="Venture capital trust">Venture capital trust</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_investment_in_public_equity" title="Private investment in public equity">Private investment in public equity (PIPE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special-purpose_acquisition_company" title="Special-purpose acquisition company">SPAC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Investors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_venture_capital" title="Corporate venture capital">Corporations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institutional_investor" title="Institutional investor">Institutional investors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pension_fund" title="Pension fund">Pension funds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurance#Insurance_companies" title="Insurance">Insurance companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fund_of_funds" title="Fund of funds">Fund of funds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_endowment" title="Financial endowment">Endowments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_foundation" title="Private foundation">Foundations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investment_banking" title="Investment banking">Investment banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merchant_bank" title="Merchant bank">Merchant banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_bank" title="Commercial bank">Commercial banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-net-worth_individual" title="High-net-worth individual">High-net-worth individuals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_office" title="Family office">Family offices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_wealth_fund" title="Sovereign wealth fund">Sovereign wealth funds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crowdfunding" title="Crowdfunding">Crowdfunding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related financial terms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assets_under_management" title="Assets under management">AUM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitalization_table" title="Capitalization table">Cap table</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_call" title="Capital call">Capital call</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_commitment" title="Capital commitment">Capital commitment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_structure" title="Capital structure">Capital structure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distribution_waterfall" title="Distribution waterfall">Distribution waterfall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earnings_before_interest,_taxes,_depreciation_and_amortization" title="Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization">EBITDA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Envy_ratio" title="Envy ratio">Envy ratio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-yield_debt" title="High-yield debt">High-yield debt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Initial_public_offering" title="Initial public offering">IPO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internal_rate_of_return" title="Internal rate of return">IRR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leverage_(finance)" title="Leverage (finance)">Leverage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liquidation_preference" title="Liquidation preference">Liquidation preference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mergers_and_acquisitions" title="Mergers and acquisitions">M&A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Market_Equivalent" title="Public Market Equivalent">PME</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_of_private_equity_and_hedge_funds" title="Taxation of private equity and hedge funds">Taxation of private equity and hedge funds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Undercapitalization" title="Undercapitalization">Undercapitalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vintage_year" title="Vintage year">Vintage year</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /><a href="/wiki/Category:Private_equity_and_venture_capital_investors" title="Category:Private equity and venture capital investors">Private equity and venture capital investors</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Private_equity_firms" title="Category:Private equity firms">Private equity firms</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/List_of_private_equity_firms" title="List of private equity firms">List of private equity firms</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /><a href="/wiki/Category:Venture_capital_firms" title="Category:Venture capital firms">Venture capital firms</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/List_of_venture_capital_firms" title="List of venture capital firms">List of venture capital firms</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /><a href="/wiki/Category:Angel_investors" title="Category:Angel investors">Angel investors</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, 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